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Q3795454

_START_ARTICLE_ The Remarkable Rocket _START_PARAGRAPH_ "The Remarkable Rocket" is a short fairytale that was first published in 1888 in The Happy Prince and Other Tales which is a collection of five fairytales written by Oscar Wilde._NEWLINE_The Remarkable Rocket is a parody of aristocratic vanity and masculine conceit. Although the story is written in simple language, the humour is directed at adults. _START_SECTION_ Plot summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ A wealthy prince and a Russian princess, who are meant to marry, meet for the first time and fall madly in love with each other. Their wedding is to be a huge celebration for the entire realm, with all sorts of entertainment, including fireworks as a grand finale. The princess has never seen fireworks so the king, and the prince are eager for her to see them. These fireworks, though, have the ability to speak and they talk amongst themselves before they are launched by the pyrotechnic._NEWLINE_Among the fireworks is a Rocket, who is arrogant, pompous and condescending. When he brags about his heritage, the others call him insensitive, and he takes great offense. To prove his sensitivity, the Remarkable Rocket bursts into tears before he is lit and is too damp to catch fire. The servants dispose of him over the castle walls and he lands in a ditch._NEWLINE_The Rocket doesn't realize that he has been discarded and believes that he is being given time to recover his strength before being lit. He still believes that he is superior, and speaks insultingly to a frog, a dragonfly, and a duck, boasting that he will be magnificent when he is finally let off._NEWLINE_Two boys who are collecting wood to make a fire mistake him for piece of kindling. Much to his indignation, they place him on their fire. Eventually he dries off enough to ignite and explode. Alas, it is the middle of the day, and no one sees the display except a startled goose. Even as he fizzles away, the Remarkable Rocket still believes that he has created a great sensation.. _START_SECTION_ Epigrams _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wilde was known for his use of epigrams in his writing. These are brief, interesting, memorable, and sometimes surprising or satirical statements. The Remarkable Rocket contains many of these, including:_NEWLINE_"I like to do all of the talking myself. It saves time and prevents arguments."_NEWLINE_"How fortunate it is for the King’s son,” he remarked, “that he is to be married on the very day on which I am to be let off. Really, if it had been arranged beforehand, it could not have turned out better for him; but, Princes are always lucky.”_NEWLINE_"But the Roman Candle and the Bengal Light were quite indignant, and kept saying, “Humbug! humbug!” at the top of their voices. They were extremely practical, and whenever they objected to anything they called it humbug."_NEWLINE_"I like hearing myself talk. It is one of my greatest pleasures. I often have long conversations all by myself, and I am so clever that sometimes I don’t understand a single word of what I am saying.”

1431951904000399582

Q7760542

_START_ARTICLE_ The Revolt _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Revolt (also published as Revolt, The Revolt: Inside Story of the Irgun and The Revolt: the Dramatic Inside Story of the Irgun) is a book about the militant Zionist organization Irgun Zvai Leumi, by one of its principal leaders, Menachem Begin. In Israel, the organization is commonly called Etzel, based on its Hebrew acronym._NEWLINE_The book traces the development of the Irgun from its early days in the 1930s, through its years of violent struggle in the Palestine Mandate against both British rule (the "revolt" of the title) and Arab opposition, to the outbreak of the Israeli War of Independence in 1948. The book is also part autobiographical, tracing Begin's own political development._NEWLINE_First published in English in 1951 by W. H. Allen in the UK and Henry Schuman in the US, the book has gone through many editions and reprints, with the latest edition published in 2002._NEWLINE_The political scientist John Bowyer Bell who studied both the Irgun and the Irish Republican Army recalled that many of the IRA men whom he interviewed in the 1960s had read The Revolt and admired it as a manual of guerrilla warfare. It was also studied by African National Congress Nelson Mandela after he went underground in 1960, and credited it as being among the books he used a guide in planning the ANC's guerrilla campaign against the apartheid government of South Africa.

1814451411632452087

Q7761097

_START_ARTICLE_ The Road and the Radio _START_SECTION_ Content _START_PARAGRAPH_ The album produced five singles between 2005 and 2007 with the songs "Who You'd Be Today", "Living in Fast Forward", "Summertime", "You Save Me", and "Beer in Mexico". All singles made it to the Top 10 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. "Living in Fast Forward", "Summertime", and "Beer in Mexico" all reached number one. "Who You'd Be Today" peaked at number 2, and "You Save Me" went to number 3.

12832735281156092243

Q7761943

_START_ARTICLE_ The SMIC Private School _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The school was initially founded to provide education for employees of the SMIC company. Since 2004, the school has been open for public enrollment. _NEWLINE_The school grew rapidly since its founding; the school had 75 students in the 1st year, and almost 700 students in its 4th year. The school had its first English track graduating class of 7 in 2006. In 2009, the school had over 1800 students from 22 different countries. The school is authorized and approved by The U.S. College Board as an official SAT and AP testing center. _NEWLINE_The school provides two academic tracks: an international division that uses an American curriculum with a Chinese requirement and a Chinese track that is based on the local academic curriculum but with strong English emphasis. The SMIC Private School is accredited by the Pudong Board of Education and was awarded as an "Excellent Private Elementary School and Middle/High School in China" in December 2009._NEWLINE_In 2018, the school was at the center of a major food safety scandal in which its cafeteria contractor Eurest, a subsidiary of Compass Group, was found to have supplied expired and substandard food. During an inspection of the cafeteria, visiting parents of students at the school discovered moldy vegetables, expired seasoning, and food labeled with a production date in the future. The incident was reported on international media._NEWLINE_As a result of the incident, the school headmaster Zhu Ronglin and two other administrative staff members were dismissed and are currently under investigation by government authorities. Following the incident, Shanghai food safety authorities ordered an investigation of cafeterias across the city. Expired items were also found at Concordia International School Shanghai, whose supplier is also Eurest. As a result of the investigation, the schools were ordered to cut ties with Eurest._NEWLINE_In 2019, the school assigned a textbook to eighth grade students containing assignments for the winter break. Parents reported finding a lewd short story in the textbook titled "Mommy's Washcloth" which described a child seeing his father having extramarital oral sex with their maid. The publisher of the book has apologized and has fired the editor of the textbook. However, the school is still to be held liable for failing to properly scrutinize the textbook which was not government-approved. According to the Communist Party mouthpiece China Daily, "[the] school will be severely punished for the sexually oriented joke" by the education authority. _START_SECTION_ Academics _START_PARAGRAPH_ The school offers preschool and kindergarten, elementary, and middle/high school education. The elementary and middle/high school divisions offer an international division and a Chinese track._NEWLINE_The middle and high school international divisions use Common Core and the AERO curriculum, which fulfills entrance requirements for United States colleges and universities. Combined enrollment with Chinese track students is offered for Chinese language classes, select elective courses, and sports teams. Students from both English and Chinese tracks come together rarely for weekly and school-wide events._NEWLINE_The school offers accelerated/honors and Advanced Placement in English, Mathematics, Science, History, and Chinese language. Advanced Placement courses include Psychology, Calculus AB/BC, Statistics, English Literature, English Language and Composition, Spanish, French, U.S. History, Comparative Government, Computer Science A, Chinese, Biology, Physics I, Physics II, Economics, Studio Art and Chemistry._NEWLINE_Students must complete 100 hours of community service to fulfill graduation requirements. Past opportunities have included volunteering at local Shanghai orphanages as well as coordinating a charity concert. Several school clubs, such as Community Service Club, offer community service hours for students who are members and participate in events. Some students volunteer as teachers' assistants during the English summer camps._NEWLINE_SMIC's newspaper, the Xin Lang Scholar, received first place for Best Front Page and Second Place Overall award from the American Scholastic Press Association (ASPA) during the 2004-2005 school year, and received First Place Overall with Special Merit during the 2009-2010 school year. _START_SECTION_ High School Student Council _START_PARAGRAPH_ The High School Student Council is an elected representative body. It operates a co-op store and organizes student-oriented events throughout the year._NEWLINE_In 2017, the Council organized a petition against the decision of the school's administration to introduce mandatory school uniforms without consultation with students, parents, and teachers. The 25-page bilingual policy paper garnered over 300 signatures. The school principal Kelley Ridings issued a response five months later, reiterating the administration's position and noting that "we appreciate this civil demonstration allowing positive exchange of views." _START_SECTION_ Student publications _START_PARAGRAPH_ The school's official publication is the Shark Scholar. The publication is a member of National Scholastic Press Association. The online publication is run by students in the Journalism elective, and in 2018 replaced the print publication XinLang Scholar, which had previously won First Place numerous times in the newspaper category of the American Scholastic Press Association._NEWLINE_Sharks2 is an unofficial student-run digital publication operated by the Sharks Digital Club, established in 2014. It provides periodical news and other digital services via a WeChat Official Account. _START_SECTION_ TEDxSMICSchool _START_PARAGRAPH_ TEDxSMICSchool is an independently organized TEDx event approved by TED, featuring an annual set of student and guest speakers sharing ideas focused around the annual theme. It was established in 2015 and is run by an unofficial student group. _START_SECTION_ Art Charity Program _START_PARAGRAPH_ The School started its annual Art Charity Program in 2004. In 2008, through a partnership of SMIC Private School students and SMIC employees, the School donated 88,000 RMB to help sick and needy children in its 5th annual Art Charity Program through the collection of more than 1,600 pieces of art. _START_SECTION_ Debate Club _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Debate Club participates in a number of intramural, regional, and national debate tournaments, including the SASDO held at the Shanghai American School Pudong. _START_SECTION_ Model United Nations _START_PARAGRAPH_ The SMIC School Model United Nations is the largest club in SMIC. It hosted its first SMICMUN Conference in 2014, and the conference grew steadily to accommodate around 100 delegates from both SMIC and other international school teams. MUN club members attend around 8-10 regional, national, and international conferences every year. _START_SECTION_ Business Club _START_PARAGRAPH_ Members of the Business Club explore economics, finance, and business. The Business Club has participated in the National Economic Challenge hosted by the Center for Economic Education, the Wharton Investment Contest hosted by the Wharton School of Business of the University of Pennsylvania, and various stock market simulators. Business Club is focused on starting its own non-profit business. _START_SECTION_ Athletics _START_PARAGRAPH_ The SMIC School is a member school of both SISAC and CISSA athletic conferences. The SISAC conference is a competitive league primarily for high school students, while CISSA is participation based, non-competitive league primarily for students in grades 6 through 8. The SMIC Sharks are consistently one of the top performing schools in SISAC. Students from SMIC Private School participate in a variety of sports including volleyball, basketball, soccer, cross country, track and field, badminton, swimming, and table tennis. In 2018, the SMIC Private School's Boy's Varsity Volleyball team won first place in the SISAC tournament for the first time in the school's history. _START_SECTION_ Sister campus _START_PARAGRAPH_ The school has one sister campus in Beijing, which is run independently of the Shanghai campus._NEWLINE_The Beijing SMIC Private School was established in September 2005. The Beijing school is a Pre-K to Grade 9 school offering an English Track and a Chinese Track. The 28,000-square-meter campus is attended by 2,000 students and has an academic staff of 300. Like the Shanghai campus, its English Track offers an American curriculum with 280 students and 50 academic staff members. The average class size is 25 and the student-teacher ratio is 6:1. The school is open to enrollment from the public, and claims to "encourage [students'] efforts to aim for excellence, while retaining a sense of honor, community, and joy."

15687104716748432390

Q16934432

_START_ARTICLE_ The Salutation, Sandwich _START_SECTION_ House _START_PARAGRAPH_ The house is at eastern end of Upper Strand Street in Sandwich, with the Quay beside the River Stour to the north and St Clement's church to the south. It is named after an inn that used to occupy part of the site. The plot of 3.7 acres (1.5 ha) is surrounded by boundary walls of flint, stone and brick, including part of the Sandwich town wall, and the site includes several older grade II ancillary buildings._NEWLINE_The main entrance leads east from Knightrider Street, through an arch formed by Lutyens through two-storey 18th century brick buildings, supported by a plaster cornice, to a forecourt in front of the west façade of the house. The main house is a rectangular red brick block with stone quoins, comprising two storeys, plus attic and semi-basement. The west front is symmetrical with seven bays, the central bay and two neighbouring narrow bays projecting slightly, topped by a tile hipped roof with three dormer windows and two tall brick chimney stacks. A single-storey wing to the north was originally servants' quarters, in a more vernacular Kentish style also with two tall brick chimneys. The east façade similarly has seven bays, with three French windows on the ground floor and a sundial in the central bay of the first floor, and four dormer windows in the roof. The south façade has five bays and three dormers._NEWLINE_The interior, approximately 1,060 square metres (11,400 sq ft) excluding the attic, is based on a Palladian 3×3 grid, with an unusual cut-out in the north façade to allow light to reach the central stairs, creating a U-shape. Steps sweep up from the forecourt to double entrance doors in the west façade, with carved stone door case and broken pediment. The reception hall has two corkscrew columns, and leads to five principal rooms on the ground floor: one to either side of the hall – the wood-panelled library and another room – and three across the east front – a kitchen, oval dining room and drawing room. A passageway leads to the single-storey north wing, which includes the main kitchen. Stairs lead down to the cellar, and a wide central staircase provides access to the bedrooms on the first and second floors. _START_SECTION_ Gardens _START_PARAGRAPH_ Three sets of French windows from the dining room lead out of the east front to a garden terrace, with stone steps down to a rectangular garden to the east which has wide mixed borders containing herbaceous plants and shrubs. The garden was probably also originally designed by Lutyens, but inspired by his collaborations with Gertrude Jekyll (no record remains of her direct involvement). A further triangular area of the garden lies the south, with yew hedges and roses. The 3.7 acres (1.5 ha) gardens also include a kitchen garden and tropical garden, an informal water garden to the north with "Lake Patricia" installed in the 1960s, extensive collections of dahlias and echinops, a jungle garden, and an avenue of holm oaks. _NEWLINE_The gardens took several years to recover from seawater flooding after Cyclone Xaver caused a tidal surge on the River Stour on 6 December 2013. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Henry Farrer, son of solicitor Sir William Farrer, commissioned Sir Edwin Lutyens to design and built the house in 1911–12. It was occupied by Henry and his two brothers (all bachelors) William (also solicitor, like Henry and their father) and Gaspard Farrer (a partner at Barings Bank). Lutyens also build a town house for the brothers at 7 St James's Square, and renovated the premises of the law firm Farrer & Co in Lincoln's Inn Fields._NEWLINE_After the death of Henry Farrer, the house was inherited by his brother Gaspard. Following Gaspard's death in 1948, it was bought by sculptor Leonard Harold Robert Byng. It was sold in 1977 and run as a plant nursery. Items on the house were published in Country Life in 13 and 20 September 1962, 10 September 1981 and 1 September 1983._NEWLINE_After various proposals for redevelopment were rejected, the house remained in private ownership. It was sold for £2.6m in 2004 to Dominic and Stephanie Parker, who renovated the house and garden, and used it to run an up-market bed and breakfast establishment. They later became known from their appearances on Channel 4's television programme Gogglebox. The B&B appeared in episode 19 of the fourth series of Channel 4's Four in a Bed in 2013. The house was put up for sale in April 2013 for £4.5m. The house was sold in December 2016 after the asking price was dropped to £3.5m. _NEWLINE_After a period of refurbishment, the building reopened as a hotel and restaurant in 2017.

2068084180270247731

Q3822037

_START_ARTICLE_ The Scarab Murder Case _START_SECTION_ Literary significance and criticism _START_PARAGRAPH_ Some reviewers "were disgusted by the author's bland insults to the reader's intelligence -- e.g., the heavy Egyptian statue in the gallery, upended on a piece of pencil and conveniently toppling on the designed victim. By that date they were fed up with the whole bag of tricks, which successive settings did not rejuvenate." _START_SECTION_ Film adaptation _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Scarab Murder Case (1936) starred Wilfrid Hyde-White as Vance.

15788942349611717623

Q7762421

_START_ARTICLE_ The Scarlet Ending _START_SECTION_ Career _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Scarlet Ending was started by identical twin sisters Kayleigh and Kaleena in 2002. In 2008 the band grew to include Jon, Jess, Nick, and Aaron. _START_SECTION_ Media use _START_PARAGRAPH_ The song "The Way We Used to Be," off the CD "Cries and Whispers" appeared on Season 3 of MTV's "The Hills," and was also featured on the DVD release. The song was also featured on season 4 of "Making the band"._NEWLINE__NEWLINE_The song "Winter," off the CD "Cries and whispers" appeared on Season 1 of VH1's "Tool Academy" _START_SECTION_ Notable touring _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the summer of 2008, the band toured both Greenland and Germany for Armed Forces Entertainment._NEWLINE_In September and October 2009, the band toured Southwest Asia with Armed Forces Entertainment. _START_SECTION_ Equipment _START_PARAGRAPH_ Kayleigh Goldsworthy uses Glasser Bows exclusively.

7187863841281197552

Q1500957

_START_ARTICLE_ The Secret World of Alex Mack _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ Alex Mack is an ordinary teenage girl, living with her parents, George and Barbara, and older sister, Annie, in the fictional corporate town of Paradise Valley. While walking home after her first day of junior high school, she is nearly hit by a truck from a chemical plant, and during the incident, she is drenched with a top-secret chemical called GC-161. She soon discovers that it has given her strange powers, such as telekinesis, shooting electricity from her fingers, and the ability to dissolve into a mobile puddle of water. However, her powers prove to be unpredictable (such as when her skin starts glowing brightly when she is nervous). She confides only in Annie and her best friend, Ray, choosing to keep her powers a secret from everyone else, including her parents, for fear of what the chemical plant CEO, Danielle Atron, will do to her if she finds out. _START_SECTION_ Filming locations _START_PARAGRAPH_ The series was filmed in Valencia, California and the Santa Clarita Valley. The Mack home and Paradise Valley Chemical Plant interiors were filmed in a converted warehouse used as a soundstage. The junior high scenes were filmed at Charles Helmers and James Foster Elementary Schools. Castaic Middle School was used for senior high scenes. The house, used for exterior shots, is located in the Westford Place neighborhood of Valencia. _START_SECTION_ Availability _START_PARAGRAPH_ The show's first season (consisting of 13 episodes on two discs) was released by Genius Entertainment on DVD format on October 2, 2007. The set is noteworthy for giving Jessica Alba top billing on the package, most likely in an effort to sell more copies, even though she actually only appears in a supporting role, and only in a few episodes. This was then released in Region 2 on April 2, 2012 and in Region 4 on June 6, 2012._NEWLINE_The first and second seasons are available through Amazon.com's Instant Video section and through iTunes. Episodes of the series have been seen on a sporadic basis on TeenNick's 1990s-oriented block, The '90s Are All That._NEWLINE_Mill Creek Entertainment released the complete series on DVD for the very first time on August 1, 2017. _START_SECTION_ Book series _START_PARAGRAPH_ A book series aimed at young readers was released along with the series. The first and last books of the series were novelizations of the first and last episodes, respectively. The rest of the series consisted of completely original stories, tied into the main series through the mentioning of various plot points from the TV episodes.

15842387674374925666

Q7763606

_START_ARTICLE_ The Shake (Neal McCoy song) _START_SECTION_ Music video _START_PARAGRAPH_ The music video was directed by Chris Rogers and premiered in June 1997. In it a teenage boy walks in, and Neal's mom (played as an homage to Leave It to Beaver). The song starts, and he and his band are playing in the garage. The video ends with the mother starting to dance. _START_SECTION_ Critical reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ Robert Loy of Country Standard Time described the song negatively, saying that it was "a puerile and sexist hymn to feminine derriere movement[…]And that's good because the only thing saving lyrics like 'Shake it real funky/Shake it real low/Shake it till you just can't shake it no more' from being offensive is that they're so incredibly stupid."

8630964053518113968

Q595196

_START_ARTICLE_ The Shop on Main Street _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ During World War II, a mild-mannered Slovak carpenter Anton "Tóno" Brtko (Jozef Kroner) is offered the chance to take over the sewing notions store of an old, near-deaf Jewish woman Rozália Lautmannová (Ida Kamińska) as a part of the enactment of an Aryanization regulation in the town. As Tóno attempts to explain to Mrs. Lautmannová, who is oblivious of the world outside and generally confused, that he has come to be her supervisor and owner of the store, Imrich Kuchár (Martin Hollý, Sr.), a Slovak opponent of Aryanization, steps in and reveals to Brtko that the business itself is less than profitable, as Lautmannová herself relies on donations. The Jewish community then offers the amiable Brtko a weekly payment if he does not give up the store, which would otherwise be given to a new, possibly ruthless Aryanizer. Tóno accepts and lets Mrs. Lautmannová believe he is her nephew who has come to help in the store. Their relationship grows, until the authorities round up the town's entire Jewish population for transport, and Tóno finds himself conflicted as to whether he should turn in the senile Mrs. Lautmannová, or hide her. When the woman finally becomes aware of the pogrom all around her, she panics, and in attempting to silence her, Tóno accidentally kills her. The realization devastates him, and he hangs himself. _START_SECTION_ Screenplay _START_PARAGRAPH_ The screenplay had a bilingual Czech−Slovak history. The screenwriter Ladislav Grosman (1921–1981) was born and grew up in Slovakia. Grosman published his precursor to the screenplay, the short story "The Trap" ("Past"), in Czech in 1962. Only three of its themes were used in the film. He subsequently reworked and expanded it, still in Czech, as a literary-narrative screenplay published in 1964 under the title "The Shop on Main Street" (Obchod na korze), which already contained the film's storyline, although not in the usual (American) screenplay format. He then reworked it into a shooting script with Slovak dialogues in cooperation with the film's designated directors Ján Kadár and Elmar Klos. The only other language in the film is Yiddish (sometimes misidentified as German) limited to several lines that Mrs. Lautmannová mutters to herself. Her Hebrew reading from the siddur is indistinct.

17274251128977785188

Q7764543

_START_ARTICLE_ The Sitcom Showdown _START_SECTION_ Synopsis _START_PARAGRAPH_ Each episode features two teams of three - a 'superfan', their best friend, and a comedian/celebrity. Each team represents their favourite sitcom, and through numerous rounds of quizzes, challenges and good-old laughs, the teams collect points in order to crown an eventual 'winning' show. The show was conceived and developed by Baker who originally envisioned the winning team being allowed to show an episode of their favourite sitcom after the episode was over but such a concept never materialized. In a 2014 interview with Richard Herring Baker described the show as a "stinker" and "not the worst show there's ever been but it was close".

3452742840635374711

Q18393790

_START_ARTICLE_ The Snake Charmer _START_SECTION_ Subject _START_PARAGRAPH_ The painting depicts a naked boy standing on a small carpet in the centre of a room with blue-tiled walls, facing away from the viewer, holding a python which coils around his waist and over his shoulder, while an older man sits to his right playing a fipple flute. The performance is watched by a motley group of armed men from a variety of Islamic tribes, with different clothes and weapons. The work measures 33 × 48 inches (84 × 122 cm)._NEWLINE_Gérôme made the painting on a visit to Constantinople in 1875. The inscriptions on the walls cannot easily be read, but parts are in Arabic calligraphy. Despite apparent errors in writing, one section in the larger text on top can be identified as a verse from the Koran (2:256) condemning coercion towards Islamic monotheism. The other inscriptions are a dedication to a sultan. The blue tiles are inspired by İznik panels in the Altinyol and Baghdad Kiosk of Topkapi palace. _START_SECTION_ Provenance _START_PARAGRAPH_ The painting was sold by Gérôme to Goupil et Cie in 1880 and then to US collector Albert Spencer. It was sold to Alfred Corning Clark in 1888 and inherited by his wife Elizabeth Scriven Clark in 1896. It was sold to Schaus Art Galleries, but reacquired by Clark's son Robert Sterling Clark and his wife Francine Clark in 1942 for $500. It is now held by the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, in Williamstown, Massachusetts. _START_SECTION_ Context _START_PARAGRAPH_ The painting was used as the front cover of Edward Said's book Orientalism, in which he draws attention to the undercurrent of sensuality dressed up as academic interest. An article by Linda Nochlin, "The Imaginary Orient", in Art in America, (May 1983), pp. 118–131, pp. 187–191, points out that the seemingly photorealistic quality of the painting allows Gérôme to present an unrealistic scene as if it were a true representation of the east. Nochlin considers it better a representation of the West's colonial ideology._NEWLINE_The highly finished style of the painting has also been evaluated within the context of Gerome's resolute opposition to French Impressionism.

17961542822871349694

Q7765219

_START_ARTICLE_ The Song Shop _START_SECTION_ Premise _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tom Kines performed folk songs for children in this Ottawa-produced series. Episodes are set in a store which contains various items on which song selections were based. The debut episode, for example, dwelled on Irish music with guest violinist Janet Jameson who assisted Kines with a performance of "The Bard of Armagh." _START_SECTION_ Scheduling _START_PARAGRAPH_ This 15-minute series was broadcast on Tuesdays from 1 July to 14 October 1958, normally at 5:15 p.m. The debut was broadcast at 4:15 p.m. due to Dominion Day programming.

5535648987177708286

Q669749

_START_ARTICLE_ The Song of Bernadette (film) _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ François Soubirous (Roman Bohnen), a former miller now unemployed, is forced to take odd jobs and live in a hovel that was once the city jail with his wife (Anne Revere), his two sons, and his two daughters. One morning he goes to find work, and is told to take contaminated trash from the hospital and burn it at Massabielle, then the city dump._NEWLINE_At the local Catholic school (run by the Sisters of Charity of Nevers) that she and her sister attend, fourteen-year-old Bernadette Soubirous (played by Jennifer Jones, who had herself been raised Catholic) is shamed in front of the class by Sister Vauzous, the teacher (Gladys Cooper), for not having learned her catechism well. Her sister Marie (Ermadean Walters) explains that Bernadette was out sick with asthma. Abbé Dominique Peyramale (Charles Bickford) enters and awards the students holy cards, but is told by Sister Vauzous that Bernadette does not deserve one because she has not studied, and that it would not be fair to the other students. Peyramale encourages Bernadette to study harder._NEWLINE_Later that afternoon, on an errand with her sister Marie and school friend Jeanne (Mary Anderson) to collect firewood outside the town of Lourdes, Bernadette is left behind when her companions warn her not to wade through the cold river by the Massabielle caves for fear of taking ill. About to cross anyway, Bernadette is distracted by a strange breeze and a change in the light. Investigating the cave, she finds a beautiful lady (Linda Darnell) standing in brilliant light, holding a pearl rosary. She tells her sister and friend, who promise not to tell anyone else. They do tell, however, and the story soon spreads all over town._NEWLINE_Many, including Bernadette's Aunt Bernarde (Blanche Yurka), are convinced of her sincerity and stand up for her against her disbelieving parents, but Bernadette faces civil and church authorities alone. Repeatedly questioned, she stands solidly behind her seemingly unbelievable story and continues to return to the cave as the lady has asked. She faces ridicule as the lady tells her to drink and wash at a spring that doesn't exist, but digs a hole in the ground and uses the wet sand and mud. The water begins to flow later and exhibits miraculous healing properties. The lady finally identifies herself as "the Immaculate Conception". Civil authorities try to have Bernadette declared insane, while Abbé Peyramale, the fatherly cleric who once doubted her and now becomes her staunchest ally, asks for a formal investigation to find out if Bernadette is a fraud, insane, or genuine._NEWLINE_The grotto is closed and the Bishop of Tarbes (Charles Waldron) declares that unless the Emperor (Jerome Cowan) orders the grotto to be opened, there will be no investigation by the church. He says this will be a test for Bernadette's "lady". Shortly thereafter, the Emperor's infant son falls ill and, under instructions from the Empress (Patricia Morison), the child's nanny obtains a bottle of the water. Arrested for violating the closure order, she appears in court, identifies herself as the Empress' employee, and pays the fines of the other persons who attempted to enter the grotto, so that they need serve no time in jail. The magistrate permits her to go and to take the bottle of water with her. The Emperor's son drinks the water and recovers. The Empress believes that his recovery is miraculous, but the Emperor, though he believes in God, is not sure. The Empress upbraids him for ingratitude, and at her insistence, the Emperor gives the order to reopen the grotto. The Bishop of Tarbes then directs the commission to convene. The investigation takes many years, and Bernadette is questioned again and again, but the commission eventually determines that Bernadette experienced visions and was visited by the Virgin Mary, the Mother of God._NEWLINE_Bernadette prefers to go on with an ordinary life, work, and possible marriage, but Peyramale does not think it is appropriate to turn Bernadette loose in the world, and persuades her to become a nun at the motherhouse of the Sisters of Charity in Nevers, the Saint Gildard Convent. She is subjected to normal although rigorous spiritual training and hard work, but also emotional abuse from a cold and sinister Sister Vauzous, her former school teacher, who is now mistress of novices at the convent. Sister Vauzous is skeptically jealous of all the attention Bernadette has been receiving as a result of the visions. She reveals this to Bernadette, saying she is angry that God would choose Bernadette instead of her when she has spent her life in suffering in service of God. She says Bernadette has not suffered enough and wants a "sign" proving Bernadette really was chosen by Heaven._NEWLINE_Bernadette makes a revelation to Sister Vauzous which is later diagnosed as tuberculosis of the bone. The condition causes intense pain, yet Bernadette has never complained or so much as mentioned it. The jealous sister, realizing her error and Bernadette's saintliness, begs for forgiveness in the chapel, and vows to serve Bernadette for the rest of her life. Knowing she is dying, Bernadette sends for Abbé Peyramale (who in reality died a few years before Bernadette) and tells him of her feelings of unworthiness and her concern that she will never see the lady again. But the lady appears in the room, smiling and holding out her arms. Only Bernadette can see her, however, and with a cry of "I love you! I love you! Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for me", she reaches out to the apparition, and falls back dead. Peyramale utters the final words of the film, "You are now in Heaven and on earth. Your life begins, O Bernadette". _START_SECTION_ Historical accuracy _START_PARAGRAPH_ The plot follows the novel by Franz Werfel, which is not a documentary but a historical novel blending fact and fiction. Bernadette's real-life friend Antoine Nicolau is portrayed as being deeply in love with her and vowing to remain unmarried when Bernadette enters the convent. No such relationship is documented as existing between them. The government authorities, in particular Imperial Prosecutor Vital Dutour (played by Vincent Price) are portrayed as being much more anti-religion than they actually were, and in fact Dutour was himself a devout Catholic who simply thought Bernadette was hallucinating. Other portrayals come closer to historical accuracy, particularly Anne Revere and Roman Bohnen as Bernadette's overworked parents, Charles Bickford as Father Peyramale, and Blanche Yurka as formidable Aunt Bernarde._NEWLINE_The film ends with the death of Bernadette and does not mention the exhumation of her body or her canonization, as the novel does._NEWLINE_The film combines the characters of Vital Dutour and the man of letters Hyacinthe de La Fite, who appears in the novel and believes he has cancer of the larynx. La Fite does not appear at all in the movie. In the film it is Dutour who is dying of cancer of the larynx at the end, and who goes to the Lourdes shrine, kneels at the gates to the grotto and says, "Pray for me, Bernadette." _START_SECTION_ Music _START_PARAGRAPH_ Igor Stravinsky was initially informally approached to write the film score. On 15 February 1943, he started writing music for the "Apparition of the Virgin" scene. However, the studio never approved a contract with Stravinsky, and the project went to Alfred Newman, who won an Oscar. The music Stravinsky had written for the film made its way into the second movement of his Symphony in Three Movements. _START_SECTION_ Radio adaptation _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Song of Bernadette was presented on Hollywood Star Time 21 April 1946. The 30-minute adaptation starred Vincent Price, Lee J. Cobb, Pedro DeCordoba, and Vanessa Brown.

2307143324118939222

Q7766225

_START_ARTICLE_ The Standard School Broadcast _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Standard School Broadcast was a weekly educational radio program that went on the air in 1928 and promoted music appreciation for students in the western United States. It was the oldest educational radio program in America. Based in San Francisco, California, the series was carried on NBC radio stations and via syndication. The Standard School Broadcast was devoted to music and American history. Carmen Dragon was music director of the programs for many years. The program's sponsor, Standard Oil of California, was honored with a Peabody Award for the series in 1958. In 1975, the program received the Peabody Institutional Award "for 47 years of continuous educational radio service". _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Standard School Broadcast began in October 1928 and was first heard in 72 schools via the NBC Pacific Network. Predating the comparable CBS Radio series The American School of the Air, it was the oldest educational radio program in the United States._NEWLINE_The series presented hundreds of topics including the science of music, music as drama, and non-classical forms including jazz and folk. Guests ranged from Dorothy Warenskjold to Louis Armstrong. It evolved from a simple lecture program accompanied by a string trio into a program that combined concert hall, stage and documentary, with a symphony orchestra conducted by Carmen Dragon and a cast of professional performers._NEWLINE_The Standard School Broadcast was a companion to the classical music radio program, The Standard Hour. Both were sponsored by Standard Oil of California. The Standard School Broadcast ran on NBC radio and, later, in syndication on the West Coast._NEWLINE_A 1943 brochure shows that the programs were carried on KPO in San Francisco, KFI in Los Angeles, KMJ in Fresno, KGW in Portland, Oregon, KOMO in Seattle, Washington, KHQ in Spokane, Washington, KMED in Medford, Oregon, KDYL in Salt Lake City, Utah, KTAR in Phoenix, Arizona, KGLU in Safford, Arizona, KVOA in Tucson, Arizona, and KYUM in Yuma, Arizona, on Thursday at 10 a.m. Pacific time and 11 a.m. Mountain time. At that time, Carl Kalesch was the music director for the programs and John Grover was the announcer._NEWLINE_The theme music for The Standard School Broadcast, as well as The Standard Hour, was "This Hour Is Yours". The theme was composed by Julius Haug, a violinist in the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra._NEWLINE_"It was simple theme music, 45 seconds long," wrote radio historian John Dunning, "and listeners who loved it and requested 'the entire piece' were surprised when told there was no more."_NEWLINE_For many years, the broadcasts originated from NBC's largest radio studio in San Francisco. in the building which housed the network's KPO (later renamed KNBC and then KNBR)._NEWLINE_Besides John Grover, announcers for the broadcasts included Hale Sparks and Fred Jorgenson. Many of the programs were preserved on transcription discs or magnetic tape. _START_SECTION_ Accolades _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1958, The Standard School Broadcast received a Peabody Award for radio education, "in recognition of continuous expansion and development over a 30-year period. This outstanding music appreciation series for schools combines educational value with highest musicianship, expert production, and utilization of appropriate musical groups of all types, instrumental and vocal."_NEWLINE_In 1975, The Standard School Broadcast received the Peabody Institutional Award:_NEWLINE_The Standard School Broadcast's 47 years on the air throughout the Western states is an achievement to which any broadcaster could point with pride. It is doubly impressive to note that its programming has always been imaginative and entertaining as well as commercial-free. Its performers have included many of the world’s most distinguished musicians and almost single-handedly it has introduced the joys of good music to several generations of listeners. _START_SECTION_ Home media _START_PARAGRAPH_ A few episodes of The Standard School Broadcast are available from old-time radio program collectors._NEWLINE_In the 1970s, the Chevron Research Company released a series of recordings edited from The Standard School Broadcast as a public service. The LP records, with teachers guides, were available free of charge to elementary and junior high schools throughout the West, Rocky Mountain area and the Southwest. These out-of-print recordings have been sold on various websites.

7424590714673805946

Q676522

_START_ARTICLE_ The Style Council _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The band was founded in late 1983 by Paul Weller and initially consisted only of himself and Mick Talbot, who Weller said he chose because "he shares my hatred of the rock myth and the rock culture". The band showed a diversity of musical styles. Singles "Speak Like a Child" (with its loud soul-influenced style), the extended funk of "Money-Go-Round", and the synth-ballad "Long Hot Summer" all featured Talbot on keyboards and organ. Near the end of 1983, these songs were compiled on Introducing The Style Council, a mini-album initially released in Japan, the Netherlands, Canada, and the US only. The Dutch version was heavily imported to the United Kingdom._NEWLINE_In 1984, the single "My Ever Changing Moods", backed with the Hammond organ instrumental "Mick's Company", reached No. 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US. The song remains Weller's greatest success in the US (including his efforts in The Jam and as a solo artist), while the group reached the peak of its success in the UK with the 1985 album Our Favourite Shop. The band played in New York City in May, 1984._NEWLINE_In December 1984, Weller put together a charity ensemble called the Council Collective to make a record, "Soul Deep", initially to raise money for striking miners and subsequently also for the family of David Wilkie. The record featured The Style Council and a number of other performers, notably Jimmy Ruffin and Junior Giscombe. In spite of the song's political content, it picked up BBC Radio 1 airplay and was performed on Top of the Pops._NEWLINE_The Style Council took a more overtly political approach than The Jam in their lyrics, with tracks such as "Walls Come Tumbling Down!", "The Lodgers", and "Come To Milton Keynes" being deliberate attacks on 'middle England' and Thatcherite principles prevalent in the 1980s. During this period, Weller was also instrumental in the formation of Red Wedge with Billy Bragg. He later said that this began to detract from the music: "We were involved with a lot of political things going on at that time. I think after a while that overshadowed the music a bit"._NEWLINE_In 1986, the band released a live album, Home and Abroad, and in 1987 launched The Cost of Loving, followed later in the year by the non-album single "Wanted", which reached No. 20 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Confessions of a Pop Group, released a year later, sold poorly. This led to the band's record label Polydor rejecting their final album (Modernism: A New Decade), which was influenced by the house scene. A greatest hits album called The Singular Adventures of The Style Council was released internationally in 1989; it included the non-album single "Promised Land", which had reached No. 27 in the UK earlier that year._NEWLINE_In 1989, members of The Style Council went under the name of 'King Truman' to release a single on Acid Jazz titled "Like a Gun". This was unknown to Polydor, and the single was pulled from the shops three days prior to release. Acid Jazz founder Eddie Piller said "The pair offered to make a single for my new label, which I'd just started with Radio 1 DJ Gilles Peterson as a side project. Talbot and Weller took pseudonyms Truman King and Elliott Arnold."_NEWLINE_The Style Council broke up in 1989. About the breakup, Paul Weller said (in 1990):_NEWLINE_It's something we should have done two or three years ago. We created some great music in our time, the effects of which won't be appreciated for some time._NEWLINE_The cover version of "Promised Land" (originally by Joe Smooth) was the only release which surfaced from the Modernism sessions at the time; however, the entire album was released in 1998, both independently and in a 5-CD box set, The Complete Adventures of The Style Council. After the split, Weller embarked on a successful solo career (which featured Steve White on drums, who had left The Style Council by the time Confessions of a Pop Group was released, having only played on a few of its tracks). Talbot and White released two albums as Talbot/White—United States of Mind (1995) and Off The Beaten Track (1996). Talbot and White then formed The Players with Damon Minchella and Aziz Ibrahim. White and Minchella went on to form Trio Valore whilst Talbot went touring with Candi Staton in 2009._NEWLINE_All of The Style Council's UK releases (including singles, 12" maxis, albums, compact discs and re-issues thereof) featured the work of graphic designer Simon Halfon, who often collaborated with Weller to hone his ideas into a graphic form. Weller and Halfon began working together at the end of The Jam's career, and continue to work together on Weller's solo material.

1773459260243578745

Q39049388

_START_ARTICLE_ The Summer House _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ Anna, a recently separated film director, goes with her daughter to her mother's large and beautiful property on the French Riviera for a few days vacation. In the midst of her family, friends, and employees, Anna must manage both her break-up and the writing of her new film. She will not necessarily be listened to and helped. _START_SECTION_ Production _START_PARAGRAPH_ Principal photography on the film began in August 2017 in Paris.

14743344187065083624

Q7687685

_START_ARTICLE_ The Taste of Apples _START_PARAGRAPH_ Taste of Apples is the name of an English language translation of collected short stories of the Taiwanese writer Huang Chunming. The translation is by Howard Goldblatt and was published in 2001 by Columbia University Press._NEWLINE_An earlier version of Goldblatt's translations was published by Indiana University under the title The Drowning of an Old Cat and Other Stories in 1980. _START_SECTION_ Subject matter and major themes _START_PARAGRAPH_ Huang Chunming's subject matter is the people of Taiwan._NEWLINE_One aspect of their lives that his stories treat is the way in which their lives contrast with Mainlanders and Mainland culture. An important theme is the influence of language (Taiwanese Hokkien vs. Mandarin Chinese) on keeping these two groups of people distinct._NEWLINE_A related theme is change and the impact of modernity. Huang Chunming wrote in the introduction to the English translation, "In the sixties and seventies, when the modern world began making inroads into the out-of-the-way town of Lanyang, where I was born, the conflicts between the new and the old created a rich source of powerful and dramatic material. Whenever my antennae detected the new dramas being played out in my hometown, the desire to write about them raged inside me." _START_SECTION_ Motifs _START_PARAGRAPH_ Huang Chunming's characters are native Taiwanese fishermen and villagers, and often have Taiwan's trademark "Ah" prefix on their names. His stories are full of neighborhood temples and folk religion observances, banyan trees, bonito fish, sparrows and sweet potatoes, and the blazing tropical sun is a prop in nearly every story. His characters often exhibit strong and even mystical attachment to their natural surroundings, including explicit expressions of fengshui ideas. _START_SECTION_ The Fish _START_PARAGRAPH_ This story provides a glimpse into the nuanced interactions between a grandfather from a Taiwan mountain village and his teenage grandson, who is coming of age and gaining experience of the larger world. _START_SECTION_ The Drowning of an Old Cat _START_PARAGRAPH_ A typical band of Huang Chunming characters, all in their 70s—Uncle Cow's Eye, Uncle Earthworm, Uncle Yuzai, and Uncle Ah-zhuan, led by Uncle Ah-sheng—venture forth from their usual hangout (the neighborhood temple, in the shade of the banyan tree) to challenge the coming of a modern swimming pool to their rural town._NEWLINE_They represent barriers to translational activities that are ongoing in China by this period. _START_SECTION_ His Son's Big Doll _START_PARAGRAPH_ This story probes the roiling thoughts and emotions of an impoverished man as he juggles the challenges of his humiliating job as a "sandwich man" with the desire to support his young wife and child._NEWLINE_The story provides an example of quintessential Huang Chunming narrative: unadorned observation of the fundamental human condition ("They seemed to shed a heavy emotional burden simultaneously -- he having seen his wife walk through the door, she having seen her husband drink some tea") juxtaposed with wry examples of the incongruity and provocativeness of modernizing Taiwan (the protagonist's occupation is "sandwich-man" or "ad man" - shouldering billboards for a movie theater and dressed in the costume of a nineteenth-century European military officer")._NEWLINE_The story was adapted into a film entitled The Sandwich Man directed by Hou Hsiao-hsien. _START_SECTION_ The Gong _START_PARAGRAPH_ This story is an empathetic account of an old, derelict, and hungry man. The two main threads of the story are the man's loss of employment as a town crier (complete with attention-getting gong) due to the advent of more modern forms of communication, and the man's reluctant entry into a company of funeral followers. The story realistically captures the twin torments of his material desperation and his ambivalence about his new "friends."_NEWLINE_The group that the man falls in with—the arhat vagrants—is a classic collection of down-on-their-luck locals: Scabby Head, Turtle, Know-It-All, Fire Baby, Blockhead, One-Eye, Gold Clock. They hang out under a tree across from the coffinmaker's shop, waiting to be called upon to assist at funerals. _START_SECTION_ Ringworms _START_PARAGRAPH_ This brief story describes a few hours in the life of a low-class husband and wife in Taiwan, together with their gaggle of children. Their concerns range from day-to-day subsistence, how to snatch some brief moments of intimacy, and how to broach touchy subjects like birth control. _START_SECTION_ The Taste of Apples _START_PARAGRAPH_ For a native Taiwan man who has migrated with his family to the urban north of Taiwan, everything changes when he hits an American military officer. _NEWLINE_The apples the family eats in the hospital symbolize the instantaneous change in circumstances: a heretofore unaffordable luxury in the Taiwanese context will now be a commonplace as their lives are touched by the American presence._NEWLINE_The rotten apples make them sick. _START_SECTION_ Xiaoqi's Cap _START_PARAGRAPH_ This story involves two greenhorn salesmen, one of whom has a "bad attitude" which rapidly evolves in the course of events._NEWLINE_The story includes elements that can be read as metaphors for the social situation in Taiwan: a pressure cooker that explodes and a cap that disguises disfiguring marks on an innocent little girl's head. _START_SECTION_ The Two Sign Painters _START_PARAGRAPH_ Two rural men have migrated to the city and now find themselves working on towering buildings. Their suddenly heightened visual perspective is complicated further when they become the center of official and media attention and get a taste of "all news, all the time" culture . . . . _START_SECTION_ Sayonara / Zaijian _START_PARAGRAPH_ This story concerns a Taiwanese trading company employee who must act as a "pimp" in the course of entertaining visiting businessmen from Japan who want to visit a hot spring hotel._NEWLINE_The story addresses wide-ranging feelings of ambivalence and confusion in a society that has a complicated history of relations with Japan, and is experiencing rapidly changing mores._NEWLINE_In a tour-de-force of imaginative dialog writing, Huang Chunming describes how the Taiwanese man avails himself of artiful use of language to simultaneously humble the group of visiting Japanese businessmen and to upbraid a misguided Chinese literature student._NEWLINE_Supplementary bibliography (found at http://mclc.osu.edu/rc/bib.htm):_NEWLINE_"The Fish." Tr. Linda Wu. In Nancy Ing, ed., Winter Plum: Contemporary Chinese Fiction. Taipei: Chinese Materials Center, 1982, 165-77. Also in The Drowning of an Old Cat and Other Stories, 1-11._NEWLINE_Le Gong [French tr. of Luo; The Gong]. Trs. Emmanuelle Pechenart and Anne Wu. Arles: Actes Sud, 2001._NEWLINE_"His Son's Big Doll." Tr. John Hu. In Chi Pang-yuan, et al., eds., An Anthology of Contemporary Chinese Literature. Taipei: National Institute for Compilation and Translation, 1975, II, 321-42. Also in The Drowning of an Old Cat and Other Stories. 37-60. Also in Kwok-kan Tam, Terry Siu-Han Yip, Wimal Dissanayake, eds., A Place of One's Own: Stories of Self in China, Hong Kong, and Singapore. NY: Oxford UP, 1999, 143-64._NEWLINE_"Sayonara, Tsai Chien." Tr. Howard Goldblatt. Renditions 7 (1977): 133-60. Also in The Chinese Pen (Autumn 1975): 1-66, and in The Drowning of an Old Cat, 217-70.

5059522961326537300

Q7768539

_START_ARTICLE_ The Terry Fox Story _START_SECTION_ Plot synopsis _START_PARAGRAPH_ Terry Fox, aspiring young Canadian athlete, learns that the pain in his right knee is due a cancerous tumor, and his sporting career sadly comes to an end once he receives news that his leg has to be amputated. After a period of lengthy self-reflection, Terry falls in love with Rike Noda Rosalind Chao, a Christian teacher for mentally disabled children, who helps Terry in his quest to regain his self-confidence. _NEWLINE_Despite his mother Betty Fox's disapproval, on April 12, 1980 Terry dips his artificial limb into the Atlantic Ocean in St. John's, Newfoundland, and sets off on a Marathon of Hope across Canada to raise money for cancer research - the disease he has been battling for three years. That summer, the young man hobbles triumphantly into Toronto, cheered by over 10,000 Canadians who have adopted the 22-year-old as a national hero. On September 1, after over 3,000 miles, he collapses in Thunder Bay, Ontario and is hospitalized. _NEWLINE_Terry Fox is accompanied on his journey by his friend, Doug Alward, played by Michael Zelniker, who has to bear the burden of handing Terry's disappointment and anger when the marathon does not meet his expectations. Robert Duvall, starring as Bill Vigars, public relations officer for the Cancer Society of Canada, also accompanies Terry on his journey, and masterminds a publicity campaign which results in mass support for Terry's Marathon of Hope.

16660600490096429655

Q7768712

_START_ARTICLE_ The Thin White Line (Millennium) _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ Anne Rothenburg answers a knock on her front door. When she speaks to the man waiting there, he hears something else entirely; believing that she is giving her consent to be murdered, he attacks her._NEWLINE_Millennium Group consultant Frank Black (Lance Henriksen) visits a Seattle hospital to pick up his wife Catherine (Megan Gallagher), who works there as a counsellor. Rothenburg is brought in on a stretcher by paramedics. Black notices a peculiar slash across her palm, and glances down at his own, which bears a scar matching the woman's cut exactly. Rothenburg then dies of her injuries._NEWLINE_Black contacts Seattle Police Department detective Bob Bletcher (Bill Smitrovich) for information on Rothenburg. Her husband found her when he came home, assuming that she had surprised a burglar. Elsewhere, her attacker shoots the clerk in a liquor store, again hearing the victim give permission to be killed. Black and Bletcher review security camera footage of the crime, which leads to them discovering half a playing card—the Jack of Spades—at the scene. Rothenburg's home is searched and the other half is found there._NEWLINE_Black tells Bletcher about Richard Alan Hance (Jeremy Roberts), a serial killer Black had helped to apprehend twenty years before. Hance was a disturbed Vietnam War veteran who marked his kills with half a playing card, a custom he picked up during his tours of duty. Black was one of a number of Federal Bureau of Investigation agents who responded to an anonymous tip, leading them to Hance's location — however, the tip was called in by Hance himself and the raid became an ambush. Three agents were killed, and Black was cornered by Hance, who cut open his palm and nearly took Black's life before the young Black was able to overpower and arrest him._NEWLINE_In the present, Black realizes that the current murderer must be Hance's former cellmate Jacob Tyler (Scott Heindl). Black visits Hance in prison, and upon speaking to Hance, realizes that Tyler believes himself Hance's reincarnation, aspiring to follow his methods exactly. Meanwhile, Tyler calls the police and leaves an anonymous tip, telling them that the liquor store murderer is hiding in an abandoned building. Black accompanies a SWAT team encircling the building, but the officers come under sniper fire from a construction site across the street. Black and Bletcher separate as they search for Tyler, who gets the drop on Black. Black disarms Tyler, attempting to talk him into surrendering. Tyler empties a handgun at Black, but misses; when Bletcher confronts him, Tyler points the gun and Bletcher instinctively shoots and kills him. _START_SECTION_ Production _START_PARAGRAPH_ "The Thin White Line" was written by frequent collaborators Glen Morgan and James Wong, and directed by Thomas J. Wright. "The Thin White Line" was the third episode of the series to have been written by Morgan and Wong, after "Dead Letters" and "522666". The duo would go on to pen a further twelve episodes over the series' run, and would take charge of the second season as co-executive producers. Wright would go on to direct twenty-six episodes across all three seasons, and would also direct "Millennium", the series' crossover episode with its sister show The X-Files. He had also previously worked with Morgan and Wong on their series Space: Above and Beyond._NEWLINE_The relationship between the characters of Jacob Tyler and Richard Allen Hance seems to have been based on that of Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris, two convicts whose time in prison together formed the basis of a partnership that saw them torture and kill several young women in 1979. Tyler's delusional visions of his victims consenting to be murdered may stem from West German serial killer Waldemar Szczepinski, who chose his victims based on their response to him ringing their doorbells—those who answered he deemed to have given their permission to be killed and their houses burgled; those who did not were simply left alone. The character also draws inspiration from American serial killer Herbert Mullin, who likewise felt that his victims had offered him permission to kill them. Mullin claimed that their last words were often "I understand"._NEWLINE_Scott Heindl, who portrayed Jacob Tyler, would later return in an unrelated role in the second season episode "A Room with No View", and the third season episode "Antipas". The episode contains several references to Morgan and Wong's short-lived series Space: Above and Beyond, which had been cancelled prior to the pair joining Millennium. The phrase "expect no mercy" found on the playing cards is the motto of that series' United States Marine Corps squadron, while the individual cards used—the Jack of Spades, King of Clubs and Queen of Hearts—mirror the call signs used by individual marines. _START_SECTION_ Broadcast and reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ "The Thin White Line" was first broadcast on the Fox Network on February 14, 1997. The episode earned a Nielsen rating of 6.8 during its original broadcast, meaning that 6.8 percent of households in the United States viewed the episode. This represented 6.6 million households, and left the episode the seventy-second most-viewed broadcast that week._NEWLINE_The episode received positive reviews from critics. The A.V. Club's Emily VanDerWerff rated the episode an A−, finding that it showed the series to be "unafraid to be unapologetically weird". VanDerWerff felt that "The Thin White Line" introduced elements of mysticism and the supernatural to the character of Frank Black, which "presages the weirder direction Morgan and Wong took the show in season two, while still staying roughly consistent with the first season’s more realistic focus". Bill Gibron, writing for DVD Talk, rated the episode 4.5 out of 5, comparing it to the 1991 film The Silence of the Lambs. Gibron noted that "with a stellar final act and a closing scene that has a great deal of impact in a very restrained manner, this is an excellent installment [sic]". Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson, in their book Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen, rated "The Thin White Line" five stars out of five, noting that "it's a return to the serial killer format, but it's never been done before with as much verve as it had here". Shearman compared the episode to both The Silence of the Lambs and the works of film director Quentin Tarantino, and felt that the interrogation scene between Black and Hance was "maybe the single best scene in the whole season"._NEWLINE_Cinematographer Robert McLachlan received an American Society of Cinematographers award nomination in the category Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in a Regular Series for his work on "The Thin White Line". McLachlan lost to Marc Reshovsky for the 3rd Rock from the Sun episode "Nightmare on Dick Street".

13818826120589344699

Q282064

_START_ARTICLE_ The Three Brothers (film) _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ Three brothers meet each other for the first time after their mother's death. Believing that they will inherit her fortune, they quickly spend their money. However, when the inheritance does not transpire, the brothers become closer as they try to work out what to do.

7014704670071395356

Q1528585

_START_ARTICLE_ The Time Warrior _START_SECTION_ Production _START_PARAGRAPH_ Working titles for this story included The Time Fugitive and The Time Survivor. The original outline for the serial was humorously submitted to the production office in the form of a "Field report from Sontaran Field Marshal Hol Mes, to Terran Cedicks"._NEWLINE_Location shooting of both Wessex Castle and Irongron's castle was done at Peckforton Castle, in Cheshire, utilising different views._NEWLINE_The serial stars Jeremy Bulloch as the archer Hal. Bulloch would go on to perhaps greater fame as bounty hunter Boba Fett in the Star Wars films, as well as a series of small roles in the James Bond films. He previously played Tor in The Space Museum._NEWLINE_The serial also stars Kevin Lindsay as Commander Linx. Lindsay would reappear as Cho-je in Jon Pertwee's last episode, Planet of the Spiders, and again as two Sontarans in Tom Baker's third story The Sontaran Experiment._NEWLINE_The story introduces a new opening sequence that includes a slit-scan "time tunnel" effect. It also introduces a new, diamond-shaped logo. These remained in use until 1980. This is the first story in the series history to refer to each segment as a 'Part' rather than 'Episode'. This remained until the end of the classic series with the exception of Destiny of the Daleks. _START_SECTION_ Home media _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1989, the story was released in an omnibus format on VHS. This version omits a slightly extended scene of Sarah's capture from the beginning of episode two. The Time Warrior was released on region 2 DVD on 3 September 2007, commercially available in its original episodic format for the first time._NEWLINE_It was also released as part of the Bred for War DVD boxset along stories The Sontaran Experiment, The Invasion of Time and The Two Doctors. This serial was also released as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files in issue 53 on 12 January 2011._NEWLINE_Along with a few other selected serials of the Second and Third Doctor's runs, this serial has been offered for sale on the iTunes Store as of August 2008.

7326587774899429888

Q7769572

_START_ARTICLE_ The Tony Elumelu Foundation _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF) was founded in 2010 by Nigerian businessman Tony O. Elumelu, and positioned as a 21st-century catalytic philanthropy. As a primary driver of Africapitalism, the Foundation is committed to the economic transformation of Africa by enhancing the competitiveness and growth of the African private sector, through a push for entrepreneurship._NEWLINE_In 2015, TEF consolidated its various programmes and initiatives and made investing in Africa’s next generation of entrepreneurs and business leaders a priority. The future of the Tony Elumelu Foundation centres on the provision of structured, robust, and multifaceted support to entrepreneurs around Africa through the Tony Elumelu Foundation Entrepreneurship Programme._NEWLINE_The vision for the Foundation is to unlock the obstacles that Africa’s entrepreneurs face as they grow their start-ups into small to medium enterprises (SMEs), their SMEs into national growth companies, and their national growth companies into African multinationals. _START_SECTION_ Aims _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Foundation aims to promote excellence in business leadership and entrepreneurship across Africa. One of its driving aspirations is the improvement of the competitiveness of African economies. _START_SECTION_ Leadership _START_PARAGRAPH_ As of August 2019, the Foundation is led by Ifeyinwa Ugochukwu as Chief Executive Officer, a lawyer and a passionate advocate of entrepreneurship who served as the Director Partnerships of the Tony Elumelu Foundation since November 2017. Its advisory board features several public and private sector figures including Harvard Business School’s Professor Michael E. Porter as its founding patron. _NEWLINE_Other board members are Alexander Trotter, TEF Trustee, partner and Founder of Newmarket Asset Management, a specialist investor in frontier African equities based in the United Kingdom; Dr. Awele Elumelu, TEF Trustee, Chairperson of Avon Healthcare Limited and CEO of Avon Medical Services Limited. She is also an Investment Professional at Heirs Holdings Limited. Jamie Cooper Hohn, Advisory Board Member, co-Founder and Chair of the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation; Bruno Wenn, Advisory Board Member, former Chairman of the Management Board, DEG; Lionel Zinsou, Advisory Board Member, French-Beninese economist and investment banker who was Prime Minister of Benin from 2015 to 2016; Parminder Vir, OBE, Advisory Board Member, Film Producer and Former CEO, The Tony Elumelu Foundation; and Rabbi Avraham Berkowitz, Advisory Board Member. Avraham Berkowitz serves as a Senior Advisor to companies and non-profits in Education, Health, and Technology in their PR strategy, social responsibility and philanthropic impact. _START_SECTION_ Global Entrepreneurship Summit, Kenya, 2015 _START_PARAGRAPH_ During the Global Entrepreneurship Summit that was opened by President Barack Obama, three Tony Elumelu Entrepreneurs were part of the official GES programme and gave "Ignite talks" on their entrepreneurial journey to the global audience including President Obama and President Kenyatta of Kenya. Shadi Sabeh, CEO Brilliant Footsteps Academy, Nigeria; Tonee Ndungu, Founder, Kytabu, Kenya; and Jean Patrick Ehouman, Co-Founder and President, Akendewa in Côte d'Ivoire were the speakers representing their companies and are beneficiaries of the Tony Elumelu Foundation. _START_SECTION_ World Economic Forum on Africa, Kigali, 2016 _START_PARAGRAPH_ "Unleashing Africa's Agricultural Entrepreneurs", the Foundation's report on the potentials of agribusinesses in transforming the continent, was launched on the sidelines of the 26th World Economic Forum on Africa in Kigali, Rwanda, 11–13 May 2016. Elumelu was also one of the co-chairs of the forum. _START_SECTION_ Tony Elumelu Entrepreneurs: Transforming Africa _START_PARAGRAPH_ In June 2016, Tony Elumelu Entrepreneurs: Transforming Africa, a 30-minute documentary film chronicling the story of the Foundation's Entrepreneurship Programme. The documentary has since premiered in different cities across the world from Paris to St. Gallen, Kigali, Lagos and London.

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Q277911

_START_ARTICLE_ The Tower at Stony Wood _START_SECTION_ Plot summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ At the wedding of King Regis Aurum of Yves to Lady Gwynne, knight Cyan Dag of Gloinmere learns a terrible secret: his king is marrying an imposter, and the real Lady Gwynne is imprisoned within a tower in the magical land of Skye. As Cyan Dag begins his quest to free her, Thayne Ysse, the son of the defeated king of Ysse, sets of on his own search. To rebuild Ysse's army, Thayne searches for a tower of gold guarded by a dragon. In a third tower near the village of Stony Wood oblivious to her family's concern, Melanthos watches and embroiders a woman ensconced in her own tower. Cyan, Thayne, and Melanthos lives entangle and weave together, and it is only through helping each other that they are able to free themselves.

13177114384137616178

Q54829004

_START_ARTICLE_ The Trials of Ted Haggard _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Trials of Ted Haggard is a documentary film made by Alexandra Pelosi, following disgraced pastor Ted Haggard. According to HBO, this is a follow-up to Pelosi's 2007 HBO film Friends of God which starred Haggard as the head of the National Association of Evangelicals. Pelosi returns to talk with 'Pastor Ted' about his fall from grace. The New York Times called it "strangely intriguing" because "The film doesn’t merely document Mr. Haggard’s fall from grace, it also tracks the pathology of his attempt at a comeback. It’s a cautionary tale for disgraced public figures; for viewers it’s a master class in the art of self-serving remorse and hubris dressed up as humility."_NEWLINE_The Los Angeles Times said,"The Trials of Ted Haggard is a strange, disturbing, but in the end heartbreaking little film that may wind up being the most powerful indictment of homophobia since Brokeback Mountain." The Variety review said "Pelosi peels back the symbol enough to expose fleeting glimpses of the man underneath — peddling only himself, and, as in his door-to-door gig, unable to make the sale."

207302011943940045

Q7770724

_START_ARTICLE_ The Turbans _START_SECTION_ "When You Dance" _START_PARAGRAPH_ During July 1955, the Turbans had their first Herald recording session, and later that month their first record, pairing "Let Me Show You (Around My Heart)" as the “A” side with “When You Dance" as the flip side, was released. Although "Let Me Show You" became a regional hit in Atlanta, Cleveland Pittsburgh, Detroit, Boston, and New Orleans, interest began to grow in "When You Dance". At first it started to break in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington D.C. and Baltimore, until finally, in November, it hit the national R&B and Pop charts. "When You Dance" reached #3 on the R&B chart, and remained there for about two months. It only rose to #33 on the pop chart, but stayed there for about five months, so it was counted as a significant hit. _START_SECTION_ Late 1955–early 1956 _START_PARAGRAPH_ In December 1955, Herald Records released “Sister Sooky/I’ll Always Watch Over You” as a follow-up record, but this failed to chart. With one national hit, however, in late January 1956, they went on a tour, joining Irvin Feld’s "Super Attractions Tour". Then in March 1956, they joined another tour, which featured Roy Gaines, Guitar Slim, Margie Day, and Lloyd Lambert._NEWLINE_They then became part of the "Rhythm And Blues Show Of 1956," and in April 1956, "I’m Nobody’s"/"B-I-N-G-O" was released, but this did not make the national charts. By July, they were touring the Midwest with Sonny Boy Williamson’s orchestra. In August 1956, "It Was A Night Like This"/"All Of My Love" was released, but this record also failed to make the national charts. Finally, on October 21, they played the Circle Theater in Cleveland, with Don Rello, the Quails and Ralph Wilson’s orchestra. _START_SECTION_ 1957 _START_PARAGRAPH_ As 1957 dawned, with no more hit records, the Turbans were running out of work. They were back in the studio in early 1957, but two more sessions failed to produce any hit records. By July 1957, their contract with Herald Records expired. This lack of success led to personnel changes, some of which were temporary, some of which were permanent. _START_SECTION_ Red Top Records _START_PARAGRAPH_ In late 1958, the now-reconstructed Turbans signed with Red Top Records. Matthew Platt and Charlie Williams had been replaced by Earl Worsham (first and second tenor) and John Christian (baritone/second tenor), both of whom had sung with the Quadrells. They released a single called "I Promise You"/"Curfew Time." Again, both sides were led by Banks. This record failed to chart, so the Turbans did no further recording for about two years. Jones left the group for a while, and they continued on as a trio. _START_SECTION_ Early 1960s and Roulette Records _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1960, they moved to Morris Levy’s Roulette Records. Jones returned, and they recorded "Diamonds And Pearls," backed with "Bad Man". Unfortunately, it was a group called the Paradons who had a hit with the song. In January 1961, their second (and final) Roulette release was "Three Friends" (written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David), backed with "I’m Not Your Fool Anymore". This again failed to chart. _START_SECTION_ Parkway Records _START_PARAGRAPH_ The next stop for the Turbans was Bernie Lowe’s and Kal Mann’s Parkway Records. By this time, Jones, one of the mainstays of the group, had departed. The group was now Al Banks, Earl Worsham, John Christian, and newly-added bass, Reggie "Tootie" Price. At Parkway, they recorded an updated version of "When You Dance," released in February 1961 to compete with the re-released original Herald version._NEWLINE_In the spring of 1960, the original Herald version of "When You Dance" had been included on the second volume of Art Laboe’s "Oldies But Goodies" album series. It created enough demand for Herald to re-release the original single in February 1961. It was not a big hit the second time around, but it still managed to struggle to #114 on the Pop charts. _START_SECTION_ Imperial Records _START_PARAGRAPH_ Later in 1961, with no chart success at Parkway Records, they signed with Imperial Records. Price left, and was replaced by James Oscar "Cisco" Williams, (a bass/baritone/tenor), who had also been with the Quadrells. The group was now a quintet, with the fifth member being tenor Sonny Gordon, who had been the lead of the Angels in 1954._NEWLINE_Their first Imperial release was "Six Questions" (led by Banks), backed with "The Lament Of Silver Gulch". In March 1962, there was a second Imperial release, "This Is My Story"/"Clicky Clicky Clack," both sides featuring Banks. The final Turbans’ record appeared in May 1962: "I Wonder"/"The Damage Is Done," with Sonny Gordon taking the lead on both sides. None of these three releases charted. _START_SECTION_ The Turbans break up _START_PARAGRAPH_ After Imperial, the Turbans broke up for good. Worsham went off to Billy Byrd's Ink Spots, but now sings with a Coasters group based in Boca Raton. Banks was with Charlie Thomas' Drifters in the early 1970s, but he and John Christian have since died.

8791130662665495279

Q60749120

_START_ARTICLE_ The Twenty Tour _START_SECTION_ Background and production _START_PARAGRAPH_ Since their last concert tour and split in 2012, several rumours about the band reuniting and going on a tour had surfaced over the years. In 2017, band member Nicky Byrne talked about touring with the group again and said, "Who wouldn't want to do that again? The laugh with the boys and travelling around and seeing all the fans again. It's nearly six years next summer since we've done it so who knows? Maybe in ten years. I'm sure it will happen but I don't know when and I know know if even we know when the right time will be." In September 2018, several Irish news outlets began to report that the group has been signed to Universal Music Group and Virgin EMI Records for a new tour deal. Alongside, leaked advertisements like from TickX about their upcoming tour had surfaced._NEWLINE_On 3 October 2018, the band officially announced their reformation with new music and tour. Byrne and lead vocalist Shane Filan added: "We still have a lot that we want to achieve as a band and we want to bring our new music to fans all over the world.", "While we were away, we realised what Westlife really meant to the fans — and to us." Later that month, the first confirimed dates of the tour were announced through the band's social networks. Pre-sale for tickets started at 9am GMT on 23 October 2018. Multiple extra dates were later added due to a high demand._NEWLINE_The Cirque Du Soleil designing team, which specialises in aerial acrobats, were hired for the tour. Filan commented that "the new show had to be bigger and better than ever before".

9332188755628183808

Q1754027

_START_ARTICLE_ The Vibrators _START_SECTION_ Early career _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Vibrators were founded by Ian 'Knox' Carnochan, bassist Pat Collier, guitarist John Ellis, and drummer John 'Eddie' Edwards. They first came to public notice at the 100 Club when they backed Chris Spedding in 1976. On Spedding's recommendation, Mickie Most signed them to his label RAK Records. Most produced their first single, "We Vibrate". The band also backed Spedding on his single, "Pogo Dancing"._NEWLINE_The Vibrators recorded sessions for John Peel at BBC Radio 1 in October 1976, June 1977, and February 1978. They were one of the pioneering punk bands that played at London's Roxy Club. They headlined in January 1977, supported by The Drones, and in February they played twice at the venue. In March 1977 the band supported Iggy Pop on his British tour. Later that year they backed ex-Mott the Hoople frontman Ian Hunter. _START_SECTION_ Epic Records _START_PARAGRAPH_ The band signed to Epic Records in early 1977. Their debut album, Pure Mania was co-produced with Robin Mayhew, the sound engineer for David Bowie's Ziggy Stardust live shows, and reached the Top 50 of the UK Albums Chart. The album is well regarded by some music critics and, 17 years after its release The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music named Pure Mania one of the 50 best punk albums of all time._NEWLINE_Their follow-up album, V2, narrowly missed the UK Top 30. The only single to be taken from that album, "Automatic Lover", was the only Vibrators’ single to reach the UK Top 40 where it reached No. 35. It earned the band a TV appearance on the prime-time TV show Top of the Pops. The Vibrators’ final single on Epic, "Judy Says (Knock You In The Head)", was released in June 1978. It reached No. 70 in the UK singles chart. Years later it was included in Mojo magazine’s list of the best punk rock singles of all time. _START_SECTION_ Later years _START_PARAGRAPH_ A lack of further chart activity, and with only one UK Top 40 single to their credit, sees the Vibrators join the list of one-hit wonders; a list that includes other UK punk and new wave acts such as The Banned, The Flying Lizards, Jilted John, 999, the Radio Stars, and the Rich Kids._NEWLINE_During the 1980s, John Ellis recorded with Peter Gabriel, as well as recording and touring frequently with Peter Hammill, then subsequently The Stranglers, eventually joining the latter full-time in the 1990s. Pat Collier went on to work closely with The Soft Boys, producing their seminal album, Underwater Moonlight, and Robyn Hitchcock, producing and mixing some of his solo albums (to which Knox also sometimes contributed). Phil Ram went on to form Able Ram and brought out two singles, Disco in Moscow, and Hope We Make It, although without any chart success. Phil later combined a career in gardening alongside music. Despite numerous line-up changes, The Vibrators are still touring to this date as a three-piece, "Eddie" being the only original member. _START_SECTION_ Influence _START_PARAGRAPH_ The band Stiff Little Fingers took its name from the Vibrators' song of the same title. The song was penned by John Ellis, and appeared on the Vibrators' debut album, Pure Mania. Second wave punk band The Exploited covered the Vibrators' song "Troops of Tomorrow" and used it as the title track for their 1982 album. A cover of "Troops of Tomorrow" was also recorded by the Polish death metal band Vader, and released as a bonus track on the band's 2011 album, Welcome to the Morbid Reich.

11554566439081938110

Q3523233

_START_ARTICLE_ The Virginian (1929 film) _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ A man known only as the Virginian (Gary Cooper) is ranch foreman at Box H Ranch near Medicine Bow, Wyoming. At a saloon in Medicine Bow, he and the cattle rustler Trampas (Walter Huston) vie for the attentions of a barmaid; when Trampas insults him, the Virginian pulls a gun and tells him to smile. Soon afterwards, Molly Wood (Mary Brian), a new schoolteacher from Vermont, arrives in town. The Virginian and a drifter named Steve (Richard Arlen) vie for her attentions, but she ultimately chooses the latter. However, as Steve was his childhood friend, the Virginian gives him a job at the ranch._NEWLINE_Unhappy with the Virginian's violent nature, Molly tries to change him but is unsuccessful._NEWLINE_Meanwhile, Steve and the Virginian enjoy playing pranks together, switching babies during a baptism; they also make quail calls for secret communications. However, Steve falls in with Trampas' gang. Although warned by the Virginian that no good will come of it, Steve continues with the gang. When they (minus Trampas) steal cattle from Box H Ranch, the Virginian is forced to hang all involved, including Steve. The Virginian vows revenge on Trampas for forcing him to do so._NEWLINE_Disgusted by The Virginian's callousness, Molly leaves him. However, after he is shot in the back by Trampas, she decides to treat him, and they fall deeper in love; they eventually decide to marry. On their wedding day, Trampas comes back to town for revenge and challenges the Virginian to a shoot-out. The Virginian quickly draws his six-shooter and kills the bandit in the streets. He then marries Molly, and the two prepare to open their own ranch. _START_SECTION_ Production _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Virginian was based on the novel of the same name written by Owen Wister and published in 1902, as well as its 1904 stage play adaptation. This was the first talkie adaptation of the novel, with two silent film adaptations released in 1914 and 1923. The film was not entirely faithful to the book._NEWLINE_The film was directed by Victor Fleming; it was his first sound film. Gary Cooper, who had previously appeared in several silent films, was cast as the Virginian; it was his first leading role in a western, and his first talkie. He was coached in the Virginian's accent by Randolph Scott._NEWLINE_Production began in late May 1929, with shooting done in Sonora and Lone Pine, California. The train station scenes were filmed in Jamestown, California. There was little studio shooting. To shoot outdoor scenes, the filmmakers used blimped cameras (cameras with internal soundproofing), which were a recent innovation._NEWLINE_The film featured the traditional song "Bury Me Not on the Lone Prairie", hummed and sung by Richard Arlen. _START_SECTION_ Techniques and style _START_PARAGRAPH_ Rather than synchronize every sound on screen with a shown action, The Virginian treated sound as at times being independent of the action; this allowed for greater symbolism. The film also heavily used natural sounds, such as cattle. This was facilitated by the outdoor shooting locations.

7809657674218890286

Q7773480

_START_ARTICLE_ The War Machine _START_SECTION_ Plot introduction _START_PARAGRAPH_ Captain Allison Spencer is forcibly divorced from his wife, then is promoted to command a fleet of ships heading to the Daltgeld system. There, he encounters an unknown enemy that threatens the whole galaxy. The story is set sometime 5341 years after the founding of the interstellar Pact, or 9095 A.D._NEWLINE_The title refers to the alien construct which was designed as a weapon capable of taking over any device and running it according to a central controller. _START_SECTION_ Plot summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ After being forcibly divorced from his wife for political reasons, Spencer tries to force his way on board the ship she’s on. After being ejected, he gets drunk and implanted with a "feelgood" device that stimulates the pleasure centers of the brain. Spencer is saved from this addictive and lethal fate by an unknown Kona Tatsu (secret police) agent. They clean and care for him, then send him on a mission to the Daltgeld system._NEWLINE_Working with Agent Suss Nanahbuc, Spencer is given command of a task force and told that Kona Tatsu (KT) agents are disappearing from the planet. Upon arrival, the ``Duncan`` splashes down to dock for repairs, and Nanahbuc heads out to learn the fate of the other agents._NEWLINE_While docked, Spencer gets a visit from McCain, a KT agent hiding from the enemy. However, the enemy is aboard and kills McCain before they can analyze the data she found. The enemy turns out to be a small mercury-like blob that seems to react to its environment, weighs 16 tons, and can control the devices it infects. Spencer leaves the ship and closes it down tight, but it’s already too late._NEWLINE_In the end, it turns out an alien artifact was recently discovered in an asteroid, and the captain of the mining freighter was "convinced" to take the artifact to the head of a local conglomerate, Jameson. The device, a helmet made of a mercury-like substance, takes over Jameson and uses him as a control center for taking over the system, with plans to leave it and spread throughout the galaxy. After losing his flagship to prevent an alien from leaving the system, Spencer and Nanahbuc locate the main asteroid of the enemy and head in with the task force to put an end to it for good. _START_SECTION_ Characters in "The War Machine" _START_PARAGRAPH_ Captain Allison Spencer – Task force commander_NEWLINE__NEWLINE_Suss Nanahbuc – KT agent_NEWLINE__NEWLINE_Tallen Deyi – Captain of the ``Banquo``_NEWLINE__NEWLINE_Tarwa Chu – Spencer’s executive officer_NEWLINE__NEWLINE_Sisley Mannerling – KT informer on Daltgeld_NEWLINE__NEWLINE_Dostchem Horchane – Capuchin communications worker and labor organizer

7204197872362692550

Q15039608

_START_ARTICLE_ The Waybacks (film) _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Wayback family visit Sydney from the bush. Dad and his son Jabex make friends with a group of bathing beauties at Bondi. Mum visits a fortune teller. _START_SECTION_ Production _START_PARAGRAPH_ Director Sterry previously enjoyed success with The Life Story of John Lee, or The Man They Could Not Hang (1921). He appeared in the original stage production as Charley Lyons._NEWLINE_The film was shot near Windsor and in Sydney. Two of the cast, Gladys Leigh and Harry Hodson, reprised their roles from the stage production. _START_SECTION_ Release _START_PARAGRAPH_ The film was released in August 1918. The premiere was held at Sydney Town Hall and resulted in a near riot as people sought tickets. The film went on to be a success with the box office. It continued to be seen in cinemas until 1925. It was re-released as The Waybacks of 1925._NEWLINE_Sterry planned a sequel, The Cornstalks, but it does not seem to have been completed.

12489250295049143643

Q7774482

_START_ARTICLE_ The White Dragon (film) _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ In a twist departing from the standard superhero formula, White Dragon is a narcissist, forever worried about her good looks, even as she's fighting with Feather, a blind assassin nicknamed "Chicken Feathers" because of his propensity for using chicken feathers as his calling card._NEWLINE_Chicken Feathers is first challenged by White Dragon, an elderly woman with proficient skills in martial arts to almost match his, but not quite enough. Thinking that she has been fatally wounded, White Dragon transfers her kung-fu knowledge into empty shell Black Phoenix, turning the young woman into the prettiest martial arts expert around. The downside to having these extraordinary powers, which she does not fully understand, is bad acne, which she manages to prevent only by doing "noble" deeds like robbing from the rich and giving to the poor._NEWLINE_Phoenix is reluctant to take on her new role at first, but soon becomes interested in tracking down Chicken Feathers when she learns that her love interest, Second Prince Tian Yang, might become his next target. Using her flute-playing as bait, White Dragon finally faces Chicken Feathers in an attempt to defeat him before he can carry out the assassination. Chicken Feathers proves to be too good for the new White Dragon, however. When White Dragon tries to exploit his "weak points," she ends up injured(breaking her leg while trying to kick Feathers in the nuts) and dependent on Feathers, who does nurse her back to health after their heated battle. While Chicken Feathers plays nurse, White Dragon seeks to find his true weak point to stop him once and for all. What she finds instead is that Chicken Feathers has fallen in love with her, and that he is growing on her as well._NEWLINE_After a while her leg healed and Chicken Feathers found a letter for Second Prince Tian Yang and had it read by the town's doctor. This letter made Chicken Feathers thinking that Black Phoenix already has a boyfriend, namely the Second Prince Tian Yang. Chicken Feathers confronted Phoenix Black with this and they ended up struggling. Accidentally the girl stabbed her flute into the back of Chicken Feathers, which gave him a moment of sight. She ran away._NEWLINE_The Third Prince, brother of the Second Prince, apparently hired Chicken Feathers to kill his brother, this was revealed at the very last scene.

6927234955857629125

Q7775262

_START_ARTICLE_ The Wishing Well (song) _START_SECTION_ Line-up _START_PARAGRAPH_ Lead vocals were provided by Boy George, Dollar, Grace Kennedy, Hazel O'Connor, Noddy Holder and Peter Cox. A number of celebrity guests were brought in to perform the chorus including Bonnie Langford, Sylvester McCoy, Jimmy Nail, Hollywood Beyond, Uriah Heep, Showaddywaddy, Andy Scott of The Sweet, Busta Jones, Hot Chocolate, EastEnders, Spitting Image, The Rent Party, Grange Hill, Caron Keating, Shriekback, Roland Rat, Andy Crane, Simon Potter, Lisa Maxwell, Michael Croft, Dave Joyner, Terry Rice-Milton, Tracey Wilson, Jodie Wilson, Patricia Conti, Cantabile, Housemaster Boyz, Jenny Day and Kevin O'Dowd.

1067728834864266296

Q7775406

_START_ARTICLE_ The Woggle-Bug (musical) _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ After the success of The Wizard of Oz on Broadway in 1903, Baum set out immediately to write a sequel, The Marvelous Land of Oz; Being an Account of the Further Adventures of the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman, which was published in 1904. The book was dedicated to the stars of the musical, Fred A. Stone and David C. Montgomery, who had been made majors stars by the show. However, The Wizard of Oz was still running, and Montgomery & Stone refused to leave it to do an untested sequel._NEWLINE_As a result, the story had to be heavily overhauled to eliminate the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman, as the novel had excluded Dorothy Gale and the Cowardly Lion, neither of whom were major draws in the stage show. The Woggle-Bug is made the driving force of the story, when he had been introduced fairly late in the novel (Chapter 12 of 24), and did not make a major contribution to plot, only to characterization. His introduction is moved to the beginning of the play, and he is given a subplot about chasing after a checked dress with which he has fallen in love. The Scarecrow is replaced with a Regent named Sir Richard Spud, and the Emerald City is renamed "the City of Jewels," although it is still stated (if only in the lyrics) to be set in Oz. Glinda is replaced with Maetta from The Magical Monarch of Mo, as she had appeared in several versions of the earlier musical._NEWLINE_Unlike The Wizard of Oz, no songs were subsequently interpolated, although the show did not have a long enough run for that to be likely. Two of the songs were not originally written for the musical, "Sweet Matilda" and "Soldiers." They were songs that Chapin had composed with lyricist Arthur Gillespie prior to his collaboration with Baum. Gillespie, however, was denied credit, and Baum is credited as lyricist for both songs._NEWLINE_It was apparently retooled at several points. The program printed in the Hungry Tiger Press sheet music collection comes from late in the run--"The Equine Paradox" is not mentioned, and the play is presented in two acts rather than three._NEWLINE_The novel was later adapted as The Marvelous Land of Oz in 1981 with a book by Thomas W. Olson, lyrics by Gary Briggle, and music by Richard A. Dworsky. _START_SECTION_ Prologue _START_PARAGRAPH_ A cornfield, with the profile of Mombi's hut at right, in a purple-tinted farm landscape filled with pumpkins._NEWLINE__NEWLINE_Tip exits Mombi's hut, dragging a wooden form of a man behind him, props him up on a central shock of corn, and begins carving a face upon it. (He is unfamiliar with Jack O'Lanterns and does not open or empty the pumpkin, but came to the idea himself.) When he realizes that Mombi is coming, he hides behind a large shock of corn. Mombi is at first frightened, as Tip intended, but then she decides to test a box of Powder of Life. The Pumpkinhead comes to life, and the Harvest Sprites bow to him, and while Mombi dances with glee that the Powder works, Tip takes the Pumpkinhead by the hand and leads him away. _START_SECTION_ Scene 1 _START_PARAGRAPH_ Interior of a country school house_NEWLINE__NEWLINE_The schoolchildren enter the classroom of Professor Knowitt and do their introductory exercises and school song, "My Native Fairyland". The Professor finds a Woggle-Bug on the floor and the children all want to see him. With a magic magnifying glass, the Professor projects the Woggle-Bug onto a screen, from which he steps down and introduces himself as "MR. H.M. WOGGLE-BUG T.E." Professor Knowitt is frightened and tries to get him to go back up on the screen. The Woggle-Bug tries to impress the professor with his knowledge, but delivers such malapropisms as "patties" for "patois," following each with a pun._NEWLINE_Mombi enters and inquires if anyone at the school has seen Tip. The Woggle-Bug says no. She mistakes him for a masquerader, but he introduces himself and says that he is at her service. She asks him for help, telling him Tip has run away with the Pumpkinhead, which he mistakes for a romance. She tells him that they have stolen the Powder of Life, worth a million dollars an ounce, because it can bring anything it touches to life. The Woggle-Bug suggests trying it on the Democratic Party. The Professor then insists that the Woggle-Bug is his property to prevent him to go, and the Woggle-Bug retorts that if he is held after school that his parents will bite the Professor._NEWLINE_Five peasant women, who speak as ungrammatical hicks (e.g., "You bet we is."), Prissy, Jessica, Flinders, Melinda, and Bettina enter looking for General Jinjur. The Woggle-Bug falls immediately in love with Prissy's checked dress. The Professor and the Woggle-Bug try to dissuade the girls from war, the Woggle-Bug saying that "it is better to be a Maud Muller than a Carrie Nation." He tries to take the dress from her, and when Mombi reminds him that he promised to help her find Tip and the Pumpkinhead, he tells her that that was before he "knew the pangs of love."_NEWLINE_Jinjur enters, and all bow to her. She asks Mombi to join her Army of Revolt, which is encompassed "of gallant milkmaids and scullery ladies" who seek to wrest power from the men who run the City of Jewels. Mombi refuses, but says she will use her magic to aid them in exchange for getting Tip back when the conquest is over. She asks who else will assist them, and Professor Knowitt agrees. The five peasant ladies beg to join her army, Prissy promising to defend her "till death, then I'll resign." Unsure that they will make a contribution, Jinjur calls them the "Awkward Squad" and names Prissy their captain._NEWLINE_Knowitt and Jinjur reminisce about how they attended that very school. Jinjur remembers how Tommy Bangs courted her and called her "Sweet Matilda", and Knowitt reminds her that he attempted to court her, too. _START_SECTION_ Scene 2 _START_PARAGRAPH_ "Outside the Gates of the City of Jewels"_NEWLINE_Jack Pumpkinhead awakes to the sound of an alarm clock, tries to mess with it in denial, then wakes Tip, who grudgingly accepts that Jack calls him "Papa." Tip says that he dreamed that he was once the Princess Ozma who ruled over the City of Jewels that they now sit before. He explains to Jack why he can't just go to the city gates and claim that he is Princess Ozma, because he isn't just now, having been enchanted by Mombi. They exit to search for an entrance to the city less grand than the one they are before, and as they leave, the morning workers enter delivering their song, "Ting-a-Ling-a-Ling". Unable to find another entrance, they decide to steal into the city by climbing over a wall, making use of a nearby sawhorse. Jack convinces Tip that since they are both made of wood, and Tip has the Powder of Life, that the horse should be alive, too. Tip sprinkles the sawhorse, who springs immediately to life, but Tip has to carve him ears and put them on so that the horse can hear him. Jack suggests that having the horse will help Tip become a princess, but laments that she will get married and leave him when that happens. Tip says that when he was a princess, he had lots of lovers, one of whom almost won her, in spite of "mamma's watchfulness" and tells the story in "My Little Maid of Oz"._NEWLINE_The Regent and Lord Stunt enter, followed by guards and courtiers. The Regent longs for simplicity and is immediately charmed when Tip addresses him with, "Hello, Mr. Regent," rather than by some grand address and says that he and Jack must be disciples of "the great Vogner." Tip explains to the Regent that he was Princess Ozma, and the Regent, eager to retire, promises to find Mombi and force her to change Tip back into Ozma. Until then, the Regent invites Tip to share the palace, leaving Jack behind to meet the arriving Woggle-Bug. After comic banter and an unidentified song and dance, Mombi enters wearing the checked dress, and the Woggle-Bug begins to woo her. He then exits to aid the conquest, the two blowing kisses at one another. Mombi can't remember when anyone ever loved her before. She says it makes her feel naughty just thinking of it, as if she were caught writing letters to Beatrice Barebacks. She then laments that "The Hobgoblins" would stop associating with her were she to get married, then exits._NEWLINE_Prissy enters with the soldiers, and Jack thinks that fighters are married people when Prissy explains what they are doing. Mombi re-enters and tries to catch Jack, promising not to hurt him. The Regent, Stunt, Tip, Woggle-Bug, and sawhorse enter. The Regent pushes the Woggle-Bug away from Mombi and commands her to restore Tip to his proper form. She calls him a fool because it will cause him to lose his job. He threatens her with execution, but the Army of Revolt enters and begins its conquest of the city. Prissy, "in an absurd uniform," carries a banner declaring "Give us Victory, or Give us Fudge," while other women have more straightforward, if ungrammatical, banners of protest. Professor Knowitt wheels in a commissary cart filled with huge packages of fudge. "Soldiers". The Regent tries to talk Jinjur and Prissy out of war, to no avail. The Woggle-Bug retreats from the charge along with the Regent, Tip, and Jack, and after the battle, the city burns, the four are taken prisoner, and the soldiers chant "The Paean of Victory". _START_SECTION_ Scene 1 _START_PARAGRAPH_ "The Courtyard of the Royal Palace of Princess Ozma"_NEWLINE__NEWLINE_Jinjur sits on the throne with her feet stretched out on a stool. Servants pass chewing gum to the soldiers who now play games. When a fight breaks out among the girls, she orders them to stop fighting, and to put away their games if they cannot play them without fighting. The women sing the chewing gum song, "To the Victors Belong the Spoils". Jinjur scolds Prissy for hooking her uniform from the back, calling her a turncoat. Prissy then realizes that she can't remember which house she has chosen as her own and sings "I'll Get Another Place". Prissy complains that she tried to bathe in champagne as advised by Ella Wheeler Wilcox, but the sawhorse pulled the plug and she had to bathe in mineral water instead. Jinjur gives Prissy a medal, then orders the soldiers to clean up their games. The men then enter sweeping, dusting, and wheeling baby carts and sing "The Household Brigade"._NEWLINE_Bettina admits the Regent, now a slave, whom Jinjur fancies to marry, but he wants a retiring life in the country, and would not be interested in her unless she resumed being a milkmaid. She decides to lock him up in a luxurious room until he is willing to be hers. Jack and Tip enter, Jack having been made a baker's man, and the two sing "Patty-Cake, Patty-Cake, Baker's Man" and exit. Mombi enters and demands Jack and Tip from Jinjur, insisting that she is responsible for their victory and that Jinjur is her slave. She threatens to change Tip back into Ozma and lose Jinjur the throne. Jinjur repeatedly calls Mombi beautiful to get her to destroy Tip, Jack, and the Woggle-Bug. Mombi does not want to kill Tip, but finally agrees. Jack enters, and Mombi promises to spare him if he obeys her. She orders him to stay put, and when she leaves, he sings "Jack O'Lantern", then exits._NEWLINE_When Mombi returns with Jinjur, she promises to feed the Regent a love potion. At Jinjur's command, the Army brings in Tip and the Woggle-Bug, and the Awkward Squad brings in Jack. Mombi says that she will transform Tip into a marble statue to prevent him from further declamations that he is Ozma, have the pumpkinhead turned into a pie and served to the army with cheese, then orders in Aunt Dinah, the cook (a mammy caricature played by a man), and demands the Woggle-Bug to be cooked Newberg style on toast. When Dinah arrives, she is wearing the dress, and the Woggle-Bug makes his move. Dinah thinks that he is a lobster and rejects him, and he sings his lament, "There's a Lady-Bug A'Waiting For Me", and all exit._NEWLINE_Meanwhile, Professor Knowitt and Prissy have fallen in love. Their romantic meeting is interrupted by the Woggle-Bug complaining that he is lost without the love of his life. Prissy wants Knowitt to squash the bug, but he refuses, and offers to save him from Dinah by reducing him. He refuses. Prissy says that to save himself from heartbreak, he should cut a piece of the dress with shears and wear it by his heart. After the Woggle-Bug leaves, Knowitt asks Prissy to marry him, and they sing "The Doll and the Jumping-Jack" (a song about lovers forced to part by outside circumstances) and exit._NEWLINE_The Woggle-Bug, Tip, and Jack build The Gump to escape. Jinjur, Mombi, Prissy, and Knowitt enter as they leave by air, but none will follow Mombi's orders to stop them. Tip says they are going to the palace of Maetta the Sorceress. Mombi does an incantation around the cauldron, joined by other witches and followed by a dance of black cats. _START_SECTION_ Scene 2 _START_PARAGRAPH_ Dumped in a pasture by The Gump, the three, deciding that they are safe for the moment, reminisce about "The Things We Learned at School", then exit hurriedly when a storm begins. Soon after, they are intimidated by a chorus of chrysanthemums with the faces of the Army of Revolt, who move and block their path whichever way they go. The Woggle-Bug demonstrates that his father was a wizard and summons a flood to stop them. When the flood subsides, they see Maetta's palace in the distance outlined by electric lights. _START_SECTION_ Act III _START_PARAGRAPH_ Maetta the Sorceress is seated on the throne. Her talisman tells her that strangers have arrived. She has her favorite page, Athlos, admit them. Tip kneels before Maetta, pleading to be restored to his true form. After Tip reiterates the plot, Maetta has Athlos send fairies to bring Jinjur, Mombi, Prissy, and Knowitt to the palace. Maetta asks what the others want from her, and Jack says that he wants a way to preserve his head, and the Woggle-Bug, the dress. The sawhorse then chases the Regent into Maetta's palace. The Regent says that he escaped from Jinjur aboard the sawhorse, who then tried to kick his brains out for suggesting he teach him about the Simple Life. He explains that he would have Jinjur as Mrs. Spud, but not with himself as Mr. Jinjur._NEWLINE_Maetta's attendants bring in the prisoners, with Jinjur dressed as a milkmaid and Prissy wearing the checked skirt and a coat covered in medals. Maetta orders Athlos to cast Mombi into the dungeon, the latter spewing insults at the others as they drag her away. When Maetta takes away Jinjur for her punishment, Jack wishes that they all had sawhorses, and the Woggle-Bug works his magic, summoning six sawhorses for the number, "The Equine Paradox" (Tip, Woggle-Bug, Jack, Regent, Prissy, Professor)._NEWLINE_Maetta returns, and orders Prissy to become a housemaid, and her military honors stripped. Maetta's attendants do so forcefully, as Prissy screams and struggles, then they march her off. Maetta disbands Jinjur's army and forces her to become a milkmaid. Jinjur protests that Tip can't be queen, so Maetta has him rest his head on her lap, singing "The Sandman is Near" to him, and Ozma emerges during the second chorus. The Regent, seeing Jinjur as a milkmaid, wishes to marry her, and she agrees. Ozma promises to make Jack her prime minister. When the Professor announces that he and Prissy are to be married, Maetta decides this is sufficient punishment for them. The two go off, but the Woggle-Bug seizes Prissy's skirt, demanding it be his. She tears it off and throws it in his face. He then puts it on as a vest under his coat and sings a reprise of "Mr. H.M. Woggle-Bug, T.E." with the ensemble. As the song concludes, an attendant places a large tin can, labeled "Canned Pumpkin" over Jack's head. _START_SECTION_ Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ Burns Mantle described the play as "entertainment pap for the little ones," and "smothered in a simplicity in which the child mind will revel, and before which the adult mind will nod." Like many critics, he found Mabel Hite to be the standout performance, calling her a "miniature Marie Dressler." He found the screen projection of the rain of cats and dogs to look like corpses and lambasted the moment of toy balloons shot through a cannon. Illustrating his article with a head shot of Mace, he found him "as a comedian, hopelessly buried." He described Hal Godfrey as "a very fair imitator of Stone's scarecrow." He liked Blanche Deyo, describing her as "inspiringly graceful." He gave a sentence of light praise each to Helen Allyn, Sidney Deane, Sidney Bracey, Beatrice McKenzie, and Eddie Cunningham. His ultimate conclusion: "The Woggle-Bug, taken all in all, represents an earnest effort to provide an extravaganza free from objectionable feature. The music is an attractive virtue, and reawakens the hope that some day Composer Chapin will have a really good book to work with." _START_SECTION_ Legacy _START_PARAGRAPH_ James Patrick Doyle included a suite of music from the show on his 1999 CD, Before the Rainbow: The Original Music of Oz._NEWLINE_The 2009 film, Jekyll & Canada, written and directed by someone credited only as X, includes the song, "The Hobgoblins" on its soundtrack.

11836513526881405647

Q16934656

_START_ARTICLE_ The Woman Eater _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ At the Explorers' Club in London, Dr Moran (George Coulouris) tells the other members about 'a tribe in the depths of the Amazon jungle' which has 'a miracle-working juju that can bring the dead back to life' and that he's going on an expedition to get it. He finds the tribe and witnesses a secret ceremony in which a young woman (Marpessa Dawn), entranced by beating drums, is consumed by a large carnivorous tree. Moran then nearly dies from 'jungle fever'._NEWLINE_Five years later, recovered and back in Britain at his manor house, Moran is experimenting with the tree. He has brought it and the tribal drummer, Tanga (Jimmy Vaughan), back from the Amazon. They kidnap a young English woman, Susan Curtis (Sara Leighton), and Tanga feeds her to the tree. 'She'll become a part of the plant. And from it I'll get the serum to bring the dead back to life. She won't have died in vain', declares Moran. However, the experiment fails. A dead heart into which Moran injects the serum revives, but dies again after a short time._NEWLINE_Police Sgt Bolton (Edward Higgins) arrives via bicycle to gently question Moran about the missing Susan. Moran denies any knowledge of her. That night, at the local Fun Fair, Sally Norton (Vera Day), is working at a sideshow, dancing the 'hula-hula' to attract customers. When she takes a break, Jack Venner (Peter Wayn), who has fallen in love with her at first sight, introduces himself. But when the sideshow barker (Harry Ross) tries to drag Sally back to the show, Jack bests him in a fistfight, which costs Sally her job. Jack suggests that she see Moran about becoming an assistant to Moran's housekeeper, Margaret Santor (Joyce Gregg). Moran gives Sally the job over the objections of Margaret._NEWLINE_After the suspicious Detective Inspector Brownlow (Maxwell Foster) questions Moran again about Susan's disappearance, Moran and Tanga extract more serum from the tree, although without a further sacrifice. Moran says that his English science can improve Tanga's juju, but Tanga is sceptical. Moran goes to London and picks up Judy (Joy Webster). Tanga feeds her to the tree, too._NEWLINE_Moran offers Margaret's job to Sally, telling her that Margaret is dead. Margaret and Moran had been lovers before he went to the Amazon. She still loved him, but Moran said that he was tired of her 'middle aged jealousies' over the younger Sally, whom Margaret has correctly guessed that Moran is in love with. Moran strangled Margaret when she tried to stab him._NEWLINE_Sally tells Jack that she's frightened of Moran and will quit the next morning. But Moran refuses to let her go and confesses his love for her. Sally is appalled. Moran locks her in his laboratory. When Jack comes to find her, Moran tells him that she's left. Jack and Moran argue about Sally's whereabouts, and Jack goes to the police with his suspicions. The police have new evidence about Susan's disappearance - a torn shred of her dress found near Moran's house - and they and Jack go off to confront Moran. _NEWLINE_In the laboratory, Moran brings Margaret back to life. She starts to attack Sally but drops dead before she can do Sally any harm. Moran ponders this, saying, 'Only a body. No mind'. Then he yells at Tanga, 'Your people cheated me! They gave me only half the secret!' He can raise the dead, but the result is a mindless zombie. Tanga, hands on hips, says defiantly, 'Our secret not for you. The brain for us only'._NEWLINE_Tanga then tries to feed Sally to the tree but fails. Jack and the police arrive as Moran and Tanga struggle. Sally escapes with Jack. Moran hurls a vial of liquid onto the tree and, as it bursts into flames, flees. Tanga throws his knife, killing Moran, then kneels before the burning tree, worshipping it as it's consumed by fire. _START_SECTION_ Production _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Woman Eater was the second movie by Coen and Saunders that Coulouris starred in, following 1957's The Man Without a Body. The Woman Eater was filmed at Twickenham Studios in Sussex while some scenes were shot outside the studio._NEWLINE_For example, American film critic Bill Warren points out a sequence shot on the streets of London in which Moran goes 'on the prowl' for another woman to feed to the tree. 'The scenes were actually shot at night and seem to have been filmed from concealment with Coulouris and the young woman playing his prey [Joy Webster] moving through real crowds'._NEWLINE_There was also an unusual setback as production was about to begin, According to British film critic John Hamilton, 'the already tight budget was stretched to breaking-point by an accidental fire just before shooting started which reduced the original tree to cinders and left the prop department a matter of days to construct the unsatisfactory alternative'. _START_SECTION_ Release _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Woman Eater was released in the UK in April 1958 as Womaneater on an 'unashamedly exploitative double bill with Blonde in Bondage', a Swedish crime drama from 1957. It was double-billed in the US in July 1959 with The H-Man, a 1958 Japanese science fiction film. In the UK, The Woman Eater was given an X-certificate from the British Board of Film Censors (BBFC), which meant it could not be exhibited to people age 16 or younger. However, the film appears to have been promoted as a children's movie in the US. BoxOffice magazine recommended to exhibitors that they target the film to 'the kiddie matinee in larger houses or the smaller neighbourhoods and drive-ins that draw a large percentage of children'._NEWLINE_In Sept. 1963, Screen Gems syndicated the film to American television stations as part of its "X" package of science fiction and horror films._NEWLINE_The film's release in the UK was handled by Eros Films and in the US by Columbia Pictures. It was released for home viewing is in the US in a widescreen Region 1 DVD format from Image Entertainment in 2000._NEWLINE_The Woman Eater has been referred to on videos and television programmes a handful of times over the years. A DVD 'consisting only of movie trailers', including The Woman Eater, was released in the US under the title 42nd Street Forever, Vol.2: The Deuce in October 2006 and the movie trailer as it appears on the DVD was itself reviewed on the American TV programme The Cinema Snob on 24 August 2013. A poster for the film can be found on the DVD Inside the Tower, which was released by Nucleus Films in the UK and world-wide by Odeon Entertainment in 2015. An episode of the British TV programme Talkies, called 'Vera Day Presents ... Her Life in Film', was telecast on 29 October 2016. _START_SECTION_ Critical Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ Reviews written at the time The Woman Eater opened in the US seem to be scarce. Warren cites only two reviews from the period and writes that 'no-one seems to have liked the film'. According to him, The Hollywood Reporter called it 'a slow-paced entry that attempts ineffectually to generate more than moderate suspense', while The Motion Picture Herald referred to it as 'hardly the type of horror film that will have audiences screaming in the aisles'. Similarly, 'Whit', writing in the 10 June 1959 issue of Variety, said that the film 'is unable to overcome an old-hat plot carelessly put together'. He called the direction 'static', said Coulouris over-acts his role and that Vera Day 'has little to do but be terrified'. At the same time, BoxOffice in its 'Review Digest' rated the film as 'very poor'. British academic film historians Stephan Chibnall and Brian McFarlane note that Coen 'dismissed [the film] as "rubbish"'._NEWLINE_Reviews by more recent critics are a mixed bag. British critic Phil Hardy calls The Woman Eater 'an improbable shocker' and writes that 'the direction, acting and scripting are all questionable and totally lack the silliness required to get away with such a motif, best seen in Roger Corman's Little Shop of Horrors (1960) with its carnivorous piece of flora'. At the other end of the spectrum, American critic Bryan Senn gives Saunders a nod for doing much with little. 'Though the production is definitely on the cheap, director Charles Saunders makes the most of both the English countryside (often going outside to shoot to give the picture a more expansive - and authentic - feel) and the huge old manor house that stood in for Moran's mansion', he writes. He compliments the film's art director, Herbert Smith, for his 'bang-up basement/dungeon lab set, its medieval-style stone staircase, pillars, dank walls and iron gates contrasting nicely with the tables of shining glass beakers and medical apparatus, generating an atmosphere of ominous menace'. Unlike Senn, however, the anonymous reviewer in BoxOffice magazine's 'Feature Review' in 1959 was unimpressed by the laboratory set with its 'dark and dingy brick-walled basements and hundreds of bubbling or smoking test tubes and other similar laboratory paraphernalia'. Warren refers to the direction as 'ponderous' and says it 'makes a slow story painfully halting, in a point-by-point plodding technique of showing all actions'._NEWLINE_Several critics has discussed the carnivorous tree and its victims which are at the centre of The Woman Eater. Author Jessica Page Morrell describes the tree as a "phallic monster comprised of dozens of writhing snakes, and when a woman was tossed into its embrace, she would die, struggling and screaming in terror". Senn makes note of the "exploitative factor" of the movie, writing that Saunders employed "the occasional plant's-eye view shot to enhance the horror (as well as to provide an additional voyeuristic glimpse at the invariably luscious and semi-draped victim-to-be)". As Hamilton points out, though, "how the girls are actually killed or even more fundamental questions such as how an 8-foot killer tree escaped the attentions of HM Customs in the first place, are never allowed to get in the way of cheap thrills." Warren is quite harsh about the treatment of women in the film, writing that "this is one of the most misogynist movies I've ever seen. Beginning with the premise (it is clearly not a man-eating tree), right until the end, when Sally can't even leave the vault without the help of a man, almost everything in the film indicates if not a hatred of women, but at least a totally uncaring attitude. Women are beauty objects or things to be used and discarded, such as Margaret and the tree's victims"._NEWLINE_In The Radio Times, David McGillivray gave the film one star, and wrote, 'fans of mad scientists and killer vegetables should on no account miss this little-known Z-grade affair, a British studio's successful attempt to match similar trash that was coming out of Hollywood in the late 1950s ... Director Charles Saunders began his career with the charming wartime comedy Tawny Pipit and ended it with horror and cheap sleaze. Coulouris was in Citizen Kane. Their conversations in the studio canteen must have been particularly melancholic'._NEWLINE_David Maine of PopMatters rated the film at 6/10 stars and called it 'campy fun', while 389 voters at IMDb.com have given the film a score of 4.6/10.

11969105857562649326

Q2085736

_START_ARTICLE_ The World (film) _START_SECTION_ Synopsis _START_PARAGRAPH_ The World tells the story of two workers at Beijing World Park: a performer, Tao (played by actress Zhao Tao), and Taisheng (Chen Taisheng), a security guard and Tao's boyfriend. As the film begins, Tao is visited by her ex-boyfriend, who is on his way to Ulan Batur. Taisheng meets Tao and the ex-boyfriend at a small diner and insists on driving him to the Beijing railway station. From this awkward introduction, the relationship between Tao and Taisheng grows increasingly strained. Taisheng, frustrated that Tao refuses to have sex with him, is also busy with fellow migrants from his home province of Shanxi. One, Chen Zhijun nicknamed "Little Sister," is a childhood friend of Taisheng's and comes to him looking for a job. Taisheng manages to put him in touch with someone and he eventually finds work as a construction worker._NEWLINE_Tao, meanwhile, meets one of World Park's Russian performers, a woman named Anna. Though Anna speaks no Chinese, and Tao no Russian, the two become unlikely friends. Anna confesses to Tao that she will quit her job and implies that she must prostitute herself in order to make enough money to see her sister, also in Ulan Batur (Tao, realizing only that Anna is upset, tries to comfort her). Later, while at a karaoke bar, Tao runs into Anna and confirms that Anna has indeed become a prostitute. Anna runs away and Tao cries, neither quite knowing what the other is thinking. As for Taisheng, he soon proves to possess a roving eye. When one of his associates asks him to drive a woman, Qun, to Taiyuan so that she can deal with her gambling brother, Taisheng agrees. Taisheng becomes enraptured with Qun shortly afterwards, and the two often meet at Qun's small clothing shop. There, Qun tells Taisheng about her husband, who years before had left China for France. Since then, she has tried with some difficulty to obtain a visa to join him. Though he pursues her, Qun rejects Taisheng's physical propositions._NEWLINE_Taisheng eventually convinces Tao to have sex with him, with Tao threatening that she will poison him if he ever betrays her. His life, however, quickly spirals out of control when "Little Sister" is killed in a construction accident. Sometime after the accidental death of Little Sister, Wei and Niu, two other performers at World Park, announce that they plan to wed, despite the fact that Niu is dangerously jealous and unstable. At the wedding, Tao discovers a text-message sent from Qun, who has at last received her visa, to Taisheng, saying that their meeting and relationship was destined. Believing that Taisheng has indeed betrayed her, Tao is devastated and cuts off contact with him while she house-sits for Wei and Niu. When Taisheng comes to visit her there, she ignores him. Sometime later, Taisheng and Tao have succumbed to the gas leak, presumably in their friends' apartment. As the film fades to black, Taisheng's voice asks, "Are we dead?" "No," Tao's voice responds, "this is only the beginning." _START_SECTION_ Production _START_PARAGRAPH_ The film's nascence began after Jia had lived in Beijing for several years in 2000. After two films based in his native province of Shanxi, Jia decided to make a film about his impressions of Beijing as a world city, after a cousin back home asked him about life in a metropolitan environment. Jia, however, would not began writing the screenplay until after the release of his next film Unknown Pleasures, in 2003 during the SARS outbreak. The screenplay took approximately a year to write, over which time the story slowly changed, such that it became harder to distinguish the fact that it took place in Beijing, and the focus of the setting shifted to that of any large city with many migrants in it. Filming of The World took place on location at the actual Beijing World Park, as well as at an older but similar park, Window of the World, that sometimes served as a stand-in and is located in the southern city of Shenzhen. _START_SECTION_ Creative team _START_PARAGRAPH_ Jia Zhangke's's primary creative team once again returned for The World, including cinematographer Yu Lik-wai, sound designer Zhang Yang, and production houses Office Kitano and Lumen Films. Also returning was editor Kong Jinglei, who had worked with Jia on Platform and would later work with Jia on Still Life and 24 City. With his core team in place, Jia also brought in several new young assistant directors._NEWLINE_Unlike Unknown Pleasures, which only had diegetic music, music was an important feature to The World, which featured snippets of the dance performances that were the park's centerpieces. Music played such an important role that the film was almost considered by some to be a musical. Jia brought in the Taiwanese composer Lim Giong, who had previously worked with Hou Hsiao-hsien, to score the film using primarily electronic music. As stated by Jia, the artifice of the electronic music was to "signify the real emptiness of the lives of Tao and her friends. Life’s heaviness fades when confronted by the silky lightness of dance and music." Jia then tied the music to the animated sequences of the film, wherein Tao's inner thoughts were given life, all to create an "Asian digital life."_NEWLINE_In the cast, Jia brought back Zhao Tao, who had starred in the Jia's previous ensemble pieces Unknown Pleasures and Platform, and would go on to star in both Still Life and 24 City. As usual, Jia also had a small part for his friend and classmate Wang Hongwei, who has been in nearly all of Jia's films since his starring role in the short film Xiao Shan Going Home in 1995, filmed while both were still attending the Beijing Film Academy. _START_SECTION_ Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ Domestically, the film was apparently well received among the government officials responsible for its smooth passage through the bureaucratic machine. Abroad, the film was even better received. Four years after its American release, the review aggregators Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic gave the film rating of 71% (with 30 positive reviews out of 42) and a score of 81 (derived from 23 reviews), respectively. American critics found the film to be a stunning portrayal of the disaffected Chinese society navigating modern urban life with Entertainment Weekly calling the film "a glorious achievement", and The Chicago Reader hailing it as "a tragic, visionary work." Manohla Dargis of The New York Times wrote, after The World's premiere at the New York Film Festival, that the film was a "quietly despairing vision of contemporary China with an almost ethnographic attention to detail" but perhaps had an overly "cavalier attitude to narrative momentum." Variety also gave it a positive review, noting that the film "confirms [Jia] as one of the most interesting and insightful chroniclers of the new China." Criticisms of the film generally revolved around the idea that the film was overly long and meandering (a common criticism of Jia's films, see, for example, Unknown Pleasures). Variety mentioned the overly long complaint in its review, as did the review by Roger Ebert in the Chicago Sun Times (stating that "either you will fall into its rhythm, or you will grow restless"). Dargis, however, had fewer problems with the film's pace and instead felt that Jia's vision was overly insular, "mesmerized" by World Park with only fleeting glimpses of the city beyond.

7572584291899439633

Q60741477

_START_ARTICLE_ The World of Suzie Wong (play) _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ The play dramatizes the story of the eponymous Richard Mason novel, The World of Suzie Wong, upon which it is based. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The play opened for the 1958-1959 Broadway season in New York City on October 14, 1958. It opened at the Broadhurst Theatre for the 1958-1959 season, and went on to the 54th Street Theatre for the 1959-1960 season. It closed its first Broadway run on January 2, 1960. The Broadway run was directed by Joshua Logan, with sets designed by Jo Mielziner, and costumes designed by Dorothy Jeakins; and starring France Nuyen as Suzie Wong, and William Shatner as Robert Lomax. During its first shows, the play was constantly improved from being a turgid drama to having a more comedic tone, evolving from a play that was panned to an award winning play. At the time she was cast, France Nuyen spoke little English and learned her lines phonetically._NEWLINE_The play opened for the 1959-1960 West End season in London. The West End run starred Tsai Chin as Suzie Wong. Peter Coe later signed on as director. _START_SECTION_ Film adaptation _START_PARAGRAPH_ The play was adapated into an eponymous motion picture feature film, The World of Suzy Wong, that premiered in 1960. France Nuyen, who played Suzie Wong on Broadway, would go on to be cast for the film adaptation, but fell ill during filming, and needed to be replaced by Nancy Kwan. In lieu of William Shatner, the film cast an older male lead, William Holden, which changed the dynamic between the male and female leads.

15993372029933814995

Q21450497

_START_ARTICLE_ The Yellow Birds (film) _START_SECTION_ Plot _START_PARAGRAPH_ Two young soldiers, Bartle (21) and Murph (18) navigate the terrors of the Iraq war under the command of the older, troubled Sergeant Sterling. All the while, Bartle is tortured by a promise he made to Murph's mother before their deployment. _START_SECTION_ Production _START_PARAGRAPH_ David Lowery first adapted the book into a screenplay and was originally tapped to direct, but had to drop out because of a scheduling conflict with Pete's Dragon. Once Alexandre Moors replaced Lowery as director, Moors' Blue Caprice screenwriter R.F.I. Porto was brought on to revise the script. Benedict Cumberbatch and Will Poulter were originally cast but they dropped out after the project was delayed and were replaced by Jack Huston and Alden Ehrenreich. The title song was written by John Mellencamp. _START_SECTION_ Filming _START_PARAGRAPH_ Principal photography on the film began in October 2015 in Morocco, and it wrapped up on January 29, 2016. _START_SECTION_ Release _START_PARAGRAPH_ The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2017. Shortly after, Saban Films and DirecTV Cinema acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film. It is scheduled to be released on May 17, 2018, through DirecTV Cinema before being released in a limited release and through video on demand on June 15, 2018. _START_SECTION_ Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 47% based on 34 reviews, with a weighted average rating of 5.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Yellow Birds has a strong cast and a worthy message, but they're both lost in this war drama's rote, clichéd story." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 56 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

4926483637536417178

Q3918692

_START_ARTICLE_ The community Zabej _START_SECTION_ Origins _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 2005, the civil initiative "Chas" ceased functioning and, in the summer of 2006, the members of the Chas movement reassembled under the new name "«Zabej!»"; nearly all of the original membership continued under the new community formation. The launch of «Zabej!» was marked with a yard football tournament; this was later followed by a magazine named Zabej!Info and a number of projects: "Poshuk", "Hapun", "Kinobunker" and "We - to children". _START_SECTION_ Nomenclature _START_PARAGRAPH_ According to the community's participants, the name reflects the degree of civil and political activity of young people in Belarus. "Zabit" is a slang word that means to "brush aside", "to shut one's eyes", “to stop thinking about an issue” or "to neglect everything, when everything has already been neglected"—the name represents the ironic attitude of the participants to a societal indifference that they perceive. It is possible to "zabit” on something that is old, senile and cannot be repaired; however, it is also possible to "zabit" a significant historical event. _START_SECTION_ Purpose and principles _START_PARAGRAPH_ The community's main aim is the creation of new rules, new values and the realisation of a new type of society, while a significant goal is the formation of a new country. The community's tasks involve the destruction of an old societal structure that is perceived as incapable and defined by a clan nature and favouritism, in addition to facilitating a new type of social and political development._NEWLINE_Zabej has retained the main principles of Chas: activity, solidarity, criticality, alternative culture, persistence and direct action. Religion is not influential in the community, and Zabej endeavours to appraise itself and others by actions. _START_SECTION_ Football _START_PARAGRAPH_ Yard football (17 June 2006 is considered to be a birthday of the community)—in 2007, the location of the tournament remains the same as previous years, but the quantity of teams increases. In 2008, the tournament extends into the country's regional areas, and selections take place in Grodno and Gomel._NEWLINE_The typical participants of the Zabej yard tournament are young people, from 16 to 23 years of age. Information about the tournament is available from publicly displayed posters, a website and social networks. The tournament's games are held over one to two days and 100 to 150 teams participate during the season; nearly 1500 matches are typically played._NEWLINE_In 2007, a female yard football tournament commenced and a yard tournament was held in eight Belarus cities in 2009. _START_SECTION_ Zabej Passionaries’ Tournament 2010 _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 2010, the community's tournament was renamed the "Passionaries’ Tournament" and was held in four cities of Belarus—the name originates from the concept of "passionarity" (the theory of Soviet historian, ethnologist and anthropologist Lev Gumilev). The main aim of the event is "active leisure", and the message that is conveyed to each participant is that any history consists of heroes and their acts. Each round of the tournament was devoted to historical characters, such as Konstanty Kalinowski, Grandfather Talash, Emilia Plater, Felix Dzerzhinsky, Konstanty Ostrogski and Vitovt. Thus, an intellectual component is incorporated into yard football, and connection is made between sport and history. The Zabej Passionaries’ Tournament of 2011 covered eight cities of the Republic: Minsk, Mogilev, Bobruisk, Baranovichi, Borisov, Molodechno, Brest, Vitebsk. _START_SECTION_ Neformals' tournament _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 2010, a new yard football project was started: the "Tournament of Neformals". The purpose of the new project was to popularise street football and informal movements through an integration of various independent bodies, amateur championships, tournaments and leagues into a one-day competition. To achieve its purpose, the project brought together ten teams from five various Minsk championships. In 2011, the number of teams increased to 29 and these were taken from ten tournaments located in 12 regions of the country. The tournament also provides an opportunity for organisers and amateur teams to socialise, as well as to share the experiences gained from the organisation of local actions. The tournament is not influenced by any age restrictions or capital investments, and aims to reveal the basic needs of participants and the issue of informal sport in Belarus. Since inception, the community not only organises the tournament, but also participates in other open sporting events. _START_SECTION_ Magazine _START_PARAGRAPH_ In mid-2007, Zabej commenced a new direction with its media activity with the launch of the magazine Zabej!Info. The magazine is published bi-monthly in paper, Portable Document Format (PDF), audio and video versions. Initially, the magazine was a source of information for yard tournament participants and also covered other community projects. The range of topics that the magazine covers has extended over time, with the cultural, historical, political and economic matters of Belarus and other countries included. The magazine's target audience is passionate, socially and politically active young people._NEWLINE_At the beginning of 2010, 11 editions had been produced, with the twelfth edition of Zabej!Info published in May 2011 (the edition is devoted to the Passionaries' Tournament). Moreover, the magazine provided a forum for Belarus' most significant musical acts. _START_SECTION_ Cinema-bunker _START_PARAGRAPH_ In January 2009, the community started to work on another educational community project called "Cinema-bunker". The main goal of the project is the examination of historical and political processes through cinema and media. Between 2009 and 2011, 24 film lectures were delivered on topics that ranged from modern art and social problems, to political and economic organisation in society. The typical structure of a Cinema-bunker lecture consists of an initial report on a problem, followed by a video viewing and then a discussion of the viewing. _START_SECTION_ Other activity _START_PARAGRAPH_ Other projects of the community Zabej include "Zine-meeting" (2008), "Cultural Cocktail" (2009) and "Zabej-studio", the latter of which is a constant work-in-progress. Another main direction is the development of local communities. _START_SECTION_ Zine-meeting _START_PARAGRAPH_ On 14 September 2008, the community Zabej held its first Zine-meeting; the meeting brought together editors from different magazines, samizdat magazines (zines) and newspapers to discuss problems and ways to develop the local mass media in Belarus. The editorial staff of Zabej! Info also actively participates in other actions that are organised by subcultural movements that are also offered wide coverage through the publication. _START_SECTION_ Cultural Cocktail _START_PARAGRAPH_ The purpose of the Cultural Cocktail project is to create a new understanding of working class and political art. On 3 and 5 of April 2009, the inaugural event “Cultural cocktail: Eduard Limonov vs Slavomir Adamovich" was held and explored the literary creativity and political views of the two authors.

18212462404429424959

Q7777049

_START_ARTICLE_ The leans _START_PARAGRAPH_ The leans is the most common type of spatial disorientation for aviators. Through stabilization of the fluid in the semicircular canals, a pilot may perceive straight and level flight when in actuality the plane will be in a banked turn. This is caused by a quick return to level flight after a gradual, prolonged turn that the pilot failed to notice. The phenomenon consists of a false perception of angular displacement about the roll axis and therefore becomes an illusion of bank. This illusion is often associated with a vestibulospinal reflex that results in the pilot actually leaning in the direction of the falsely perceived vertical. Other common explanations of the leans are due to deficiencies of both otolith-organ and semicircular-duct sensory mechanisms. _START_SECTION_ Physiology _START_PARAGRAPH_ The leans is a type of vestibular illusion in flight which causes spatial disorientation. The process involves the semicircular canals of the vestibular system. The semicircular canals detect angular acceleration. In total, there are three semicircular canals: the anterior, posterior, and lateral canals. Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and each canal arises from a small bag-like structure called a utricle. At the ends of each duct, there is a saclike portion called the ampulla. Inside are hair cells and supporting cells known as the crista ampullaris._NEWLINE_Changing a person’s orientation will cause specific ducts to be stimulated due to these hair cells. When the head turns, the canals move but because of its inertia, the endolymph fluid tends to lag and thereby stimulates the hair cells. This stimulation results in awareness of angular acceleration in that plane. After about 10 seconds the endolymph velocity matches that of the canal, which stops stimulation of the hair cells and reduces the person's awareness of rotation. In addition, the canals cannot detect rotational acceleration of approximately 2 degrees per second or lower; this is the detection threshold of the semicircular canals._NEWLINE_Therefore, a pilot may not notice a slow turn or a bank maintained long enough. After the pilot levels the wings, there is an illusion that the plane is banking too much in the opposite direction. As a response, the pilot often leans in the direction of the original turn to attempt to correct and regain his/her perception of the correct vertical position. The leans may also be caused by peripheral visual orientation cues that become misled. _START_SECTION_ Danger and risk _START_PARAGRAPH_ If a pilot does not notice the disorientation and continues to lean, the plane may over bank in the wrong direction and cause rolling. This is the most common spatial disorientation for pilots. In all cases of spatial orientation, pilots must be able to rely on their flight instruments when making control inputs to override false sensations.

2233308441523111063

Q55586875

_START_ARTICLE_ Theodora McCormick Du Bois _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Theodora Brenton Eliot McCormick was born in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Eliot McCormick, a writer and editor, and Laura Case Brenton McCormick. She was raised by her mother and stepfather, Charles MacDonald, after her father's death in 1891. She attended the Barnard School for Girls in Manhattan, and the Halsted School in Yonkers. She was a student in the Dartmouth Summer School for Drama in 1916. _START_SECTION_ Career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Theodora McCormick Du Bois was a prolific author of mystery novels as "Theodora Du Bois", and of historical romances as "Theodora McCormick". "Fresh as football weather and as up to date as Radio City, this story has a verve seldom found in the usual run of boarding-house stories," commented the New York Times reviewer Ellen Lewis Buell of McCormick's juvenile novel, Diana's Feathers (1935)._NEWLINE_Her fantasy and science fiction novels included The Devil's Spoon (1930), Murder Strikes an Atomic Unit (1946), Solution T-25 (1951) and Sarah Hall's Sea God (1952). _NEWLINE_Theodora McCormick also co-wrote a book, Amateur and Educational Dramatics (1917), with Evelyne Hilliard and Kate Oglebay. She published short fiction too, beginning with "Thursday and the King and Queen" (Woman's Home Companion, 1920), and including "Devils and Four Gold Cups" (The Century Magazine, 1921), "Eblis" (Harper's, 1926), "Circe" (The Century Magazine, 1927), "King Solomon or the Iceman" (The Century Magazine, 1927), "A Pirate in the Linen Closet" (The Century Magazine, 1927), "Martyrs in the Ice-Box" (The Century Magazine, 1928)._NEWLINE_About half of Du Bois's books featured the characters Jeffrey McNeill, a forensic scientist, and his wife Anne McNeill, who narrates their mystery-solving adventures. Her unflattering depiction of the House Un-American Activities Committee hearings in Seeing Red (1954) caused her publisher, Doubleday, to stop publishing her books. _START_SECTION_ Personal life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Theodora McCormick married engineer Delafield Du Bois in 1918. His grandmother was sculptor and philanthropist Mary Ann Delafield DuBois. They had two children, Theodora (born 1919) and Eliot (born 1922). Her husband worked on the Manhattan Project; during World War II, the couple organized a committee at Yale University to assist displaced academics from Cambridge and Oxford, and their families. She was widowed when he died in 1965. She died in 1986, aged 95 years. Her papers are held by the Archives and Special Collections department, College of Staten Island.

10896790865860981049

Q2418615

_START_ARTICLE_ Theodore A. Parker III _START_PARAGRAPH_ Theodore Albert "Ted" Parker III (April 1, 1953 – August 3, 1993) was an American ornithologist who specialized in the Neotropics. He "was widely considered the finest field birder / ornithologist that the world had ever seen." _START_SECTION_ Biography _START_PARAGRAPH_ Parker grew up in Lancaster, Pennsylvania and became interested in birdwatching at an early age. In 1971 he broke the North American Big Year record (seeing more species of birds in a year than anyone before). In that year he enrolled at the University of Arizona and began to accompany ornithological expeditions to South America, particularly with Louisiana State University. He moved to Baton Rouge and was associated with LSU for the rest of his life (becoming a fanatical supporter of LSU basketball). He supported himself by leading birding tours, especially for Victor Emanuel Nature Tours, until the last few years of his life, when he went to work for Conservation International. _START_SECTION_ Identification skills _START_PARAGRAPH_ According to Zimmer (1993), "Voice, microhabitat, and behavior are the keys [to identification] in neotropical forests, and Ted was not only the first to recognize this (his seminal paper on foliage-gleaner identification that appeared in the April 1979 issue of Continental Birdlife should be required reading for all students of tropical birding), but also honed his discrimination of these essential cues to a finer degree than anyone else." Zimmer adds that as knowledge of these matters was limited, "[m]any field problems… took weeks of patient effort for Ted to work out for himself."_NEWLINE_If another ornithologist played Parker a tape of an unknown bird, he could usually recognize it and could often identify other species in the background noise. He might then, by his knowledge of bird ranges, state where the tape had been made—Zimmer gives the example of "south bank of the Amazon between the Rios Madeira and Tapajos"._NEWLINE_He could identify bird calls and songs even in the presence of many other birds, as when the bird was a member of a mixed-species flock. On more than one occasion, he identified a bird new to him by its call, since he recognized the genus and knew what species lived in the area. Once, hearing a recording of a dawn chorus in Bolivia, he realized that one of the sounds was an antwren of the genus Herpsilochmus—but since he knew all the sounds of those birds, he knew he was hearing a previously unknown species. The following year, the new species was discovered._NEWLINE_The scale of this knowledge is given by the presence of over two thousand bird species in the Andes and Amazon, where Parker did most of his field work; each species typically has at least three vocalizations. He kept them straight not only from each other but from the region's monkeys, amphibians, and insects as well. _START_SECTION_ Methods _START_PARAGRAPH_ Don Stap describes Parker's method: walking slowly down a trail, pausing after every step, and watching and listening. In this way he gained his knowledge of both detail and "common patterns in behavior or vocalizations or community structure across the continent", which led Jon Fjeldså and Niels Krabbe to call him "by far the greatest specialist on the life histories of neotropical birds there ever was". Stap also notes that Parker generally did not shoot birds for study, a normal method of field ornithology._NEWLINE_When leading tours, Parker would lure flocks in by recording their sounds as he heard them and then immediately playing the tape back; he would predict where the flock would come into sight and arrange his clients to give each a good view. The flock would appear as predicted. _START_SECTION_ Contributions _START_PARAGRAPH_ Parker willingly shared his knowledge with others informally, published extensively, and contributed over 10,000 recordings to the Macaulay Library of Natural Sounds at the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology._NEWLINE_When he went to work for Conservation International, he conceived of an interdisciplinary program to provide scientific information in South America's conservation crises. This Rapid Assessment Program has led to the creation of many parks and reserves. Parker was doing a survey for it in western Ecuador when he was killed in a plane crash along with three others, including the botanist Alwyn Howard Gentry._NEWLINE_The Theodore A. Parker III Natural Area in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and the Parker/Gentry Award for Conservation Biology are named for him.

6023623662651848998

Q904191

_START_ARTICLE_ Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The house that originally stood on the site was built in 1848 and was bought by the Roosevelts in 1854. Theodore Roosevelt was born there on October 27, 1858, and lived in the house with his family until 1872, when the neighborhood began to become more commercial and the family moved uptown to 57th Street._NEWLINE_The original building was demolished in 1916 to make way for retail space, but upon the death of Roosevelt in 1919 the lot was purchased and the house rebuilt by the Women's Roosevelt Memorial Association, which eventually merged with the Roosevelt Memorial Association in 1953 to form the Theodore Roosevelt Association. Noted female American architect Theodate Pope Riddle was given the task of reconstructing a replica of the house, as well as designing the museum, situated next door, that serves to complete the site. The row house next door at number 26, which was a twin to the Roosevelts', was used as a model, and some architectural elements from it were incorporated into the replica. The twin house was demolished to make space for the museum. The restoration recreates the house as it was in 1865._NEWLINE_The house was rededicated in 1923 and was subsequently refurbished with many furnishings from the original house by the President's widow, Edith, and his two sisters. The widow and sisters also supplied information about the interior's appearance during Roosevelt's residency._NEWLINE_The Theodore Roosevelt Association donated the birthplace to the National Park Service in 1963. As a National Historic Site, it was automatically listed on the National Register of Historic Places at its creation on October 15, 1966. It now serves as a museum dedicated to the life and contributions of the 26th President of the United States. _START_SECTION_ Roosevelt's recollection _START_PARAGRAPH_ Roosevelt described his memories of the home's interior in Chapter 1 of his 1913 autobiography:_NEWLINE_On October 27, 1858, I was born at No. 28 East Twentieth Street, New York City, in the house in which we lived during the time that my two sisters and my brother and I were small children. It was furnished in the canonical taste of the New York which George William Curtis described in the Potiphar Papers. The black haircloth furniture in the dining-room scratched the bare legs of the children when they sat on it. The middle room was a library, with tables, chairs, and bookcases of gloomy respectability. It was without windows, and so was available only at night. The front room, the parlor, seemed to us children to be a room of much splendor, but was open for general use only on Sunday evening or on rare occasions when there were parties. The Sunday evening family gathering was the redeeming feature in a day which otherwise we children did not enjoy--chiefly because we were all of us made to wear clean clothes and keep neat. The ornaments of that parlor I remember now, including the glass chandelier decorated with a great quantity of cut-glass prisms. These prisms struck me as possessing peculiar magnificence. One of them fell off one day, and I hastily grabbed it and stowed it away, passing several days of furtive delight in the treasure, a delight always alloyed with fear that I would be found out and convicted of larceny. There was a Swiss wood-carving representing a very big hunter on one side of an exceedingly small mountain, and a herd of chamois, disproportionately small for the hunter and large for the mountain, just across the ridge. This always fascinated us; but there was a small chamois kid for which we felt agonies lest the hunter might come on it and kill it. There was also a Russian moujik drawing a gilt sledge on a piece of malachite. Some one mentioned in my hearing that malachite was a valuable marble. This fixed in my mind that it was valuable exactly as diamonds are valuable. I accepted that moujik as a priceless work of art, and it was not until I was well in middle age that it occurred to me that I was mistaken._NEWLINE_— Theodore Roosevelt _START_SECTION_ Architecture _START_PARAGRAPH_ The three-story brownstone house features a mansard roof, and a high stoop above the basement. The hooded moldings above the windows and doorway are in the Gothic Revival style._NEWLINE_In 2014, Theodate Pope Riddle was recognized for her work rebuilding the home, a winning site of Built by Women New York City, a competition launched by the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation during the fall of 2014 to identify outstanding and diverse sites and spaces designed, engineered and built by women.

13180935765797890502

Q7782830

_START_ARTICLE_ Therefore Repent! _START_SECTION_ Storyline _START_PARAGRAPH_ The protagonists of the novel are Mummy and Raven, lovers who used to have a touring act at Raves and Festivals where they dressed up as a mummy and a raven. The novel opens as they arrive in Chicago searching for somewhere to live following the Rapture. They meet a local kid in their new neighbourhood who shows them to an empty apartment vacated by its raptured inhabitants. Settling into the squat, Mummy and Raven are happy to live in a world without Christians, unlike Splitters (people who were left behind who strive to become as Christian as possible in order to ascend to Heaven during the Apocalypse). As the story progresses, Mummy and Raven explore the neighbourhood around their apartment, and become disconcerted as the world becomes increasingly unhinged. Militaristic angels appear and begin to kill "sinners" using machine guns, the couple's dog begins to speak, while they and other people start to develop magical powers and forms. _START_SECTION_ Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ The graphic novel was a critical and commercial success, attracting critical praise from Quill & Quire ("an absolutely boundless piece of fantasy that he wisely grounds in very human relationships...[t]o say it’s an imaginative work would be an understatement"), Junot Diaz, and Annalee Newitz of io9, reaching the Canadian Top 20 bestsellers list, and garnering Munroe a nomination for the 2008 Shuster Award for Outstanding Canadian Comic Book Writer.

4897135474087552938

Q2221630

_START_ARTICLE_ Theretra silhetensis _START_SECTION_ Description _START_PARAGRAPH_ The wingspan is 60–72 mm. It is differs from Theretra oldenlandiae in being very much paler in color and with a white line down the center of the abdomen. The forewing has a silvery line beyond the oblique brown band. Other parts are ochreous. Larvae are exceedingly variable, from yellow green and green to brown or greyish black ones. But the commonly found color of larva is green with a reddish-brown dorsal area. There is a subdorsal paler line with equal-sized ocelli from 4th to 10th somites with green center. The horn is reddish brown as well. _START_SECTION_ Ecology _START_PARAGRAPH_ Larvae have been recorded feeding on Colocasia antiquorum and Ludwigia species in southern China, Colocasia esculenta in Japan, Ludwigia repens and Boerhavia species in India and numerous other host plants from elsewhere, including Arum, Caladium, Pistia, Kochia, Ipomoea, Boerhavia, Ludwigia, Rosa and Trapa species.

15646789338670260902

Q64748226

_START_ARTICLE_ Thereze Izay Kirongozi _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Born in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo on June 3rd, 1973. During a press interview, Izay revealed that she did not expect to have such an aura in the field of technology, although she had always dreamed of inventing a device that would reduce the rate of road accidents, since she saw her brother crushed by a vehicle in her early childhood. This shock of losing a being so dear following a road traffic regulation problem will never leave her again and will be her leitmotif in the electronic world._NEWLINE_Thus, when in 1993, when she had just blown her twentieth candle and expected to embrace the modeling career, the young Izay quickly responded to the call of a model recruitment agency in Switzerland who sparked a better tomorrow. She had to disappoint after the illusion of "mirificent contracts"._NEWLINE_"Finally, my father enrolled me at ISTA, while I wanted to pursue my studies in Europe, in another area, and I mistakenly thought that industrial electronics would not solve my problems," she recalls. an interview with pan-African magazine Jeune Afrique. _START_SECTION_ Education _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thérèse Izay is a pure product of the Congolese school. She did all her studies in Kinshasa, her hometown, before starting, without enthusiasm, undergraduate studies at the Higher Institute of Applied Techniques (Ista). Nothing predestined her for a career as inventor and entrepreneur. _START_SECTION_ Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ The local population has accepted the robots enthusiastically. An editorial writer, Sam Sturgis, while acknowledging the improvement the robots bring to traffic flow, suggested that they may divert attention from the problem of the unregulated growth of the city on the periphery._NEWLINE_‘People on the streets apparently respect the robots in a way that they don’t follow directions from human traffic cops at one of Kinshasa’s busy intersections,’ says Brian Sokol, photographer of Panos Pictures. _START_SECTION_ Innovations, cost and designs _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thérèse has developed humanoid robots that regulate traffic in Kinshasa (the capital city). "There are several robots in the world, but a robot that regulates road traffic and ensures the safety of pedestrians, it's really made in Congo," she proudly says. She is an industrial engineer in electronics, and the head of Women's Technology (Wotech), the association that is manufacturing these robots. There are at least 5 of them that are regulating traffic in Kinshasa._NEWLINE_The first generation of robots was commissioned in 2013 and cost about 15,000 dollars each to manufacture, while the latest generation unveiled on march 4, 2015, cost about 27,500 dollars each. They weigh 250 kg each, are 2.5 meters high and are made of aluminium to better withstand the equatorial climate. The autonomy of the robots is provided by a solar panel placed over their head. The solar panels that power the robots could prove a major asset in a city where whole districts still lack electrical power. Made of aluminium, the robots are designed to resist a harsh equatorial climate with high temperatures, humidity and massive downpours. _NEWLINE_These humanoid traffic robots can rotate their chest and raise their arms like a human traffic officer would do to stop vehicles in one direction, and allow their flow in another one. Some of these robots can detect pedestrians and are programmed to “speak” to tell them when the road can be crossed or not. When they wait to cross, he sings a song that recalls the principles of road traffic. _NEWLINE_The new generation of robots conceived by the inventor has cameras set in their “eyes” and “shoulders” that film traffic continuously. Thanks to the antenna fixed on top of their head, data can be transmitted to a control center via an Internet Protocol (IP) transmission._NEWLINE_Thérèse Izay is already envisioning the manufacturing of robot soldiers, road cleaning robots, robots that can intervene in a toxic environment, etc. She is the proof that women have an important role to play in the industrialization process of the African continent, and that they are just as talented as men. The first goal is to implement the humanoid robots all around Kinshasa, but to achieve this, according to some experts, it is necessary to mobilize 12 million US dollars, because Kinshasa has about 600 strategic and dangerous intersections, the price of a robot oscillating between 10,000 and US$20,000, including the cost of maintenance. _START_SECTION_ Expansion and projects _START_PARAGRAPH_ After two prototypes installed in 2013, three "new generation" robots were delivered to the capital in March, and five to the Katangese authorities, including three in Lubumbashi. "This is a positive thing ... in the business of road safety," said Val Manga, head of the National Road Safety Commission. "We need to multiply these intelligent robots to install them at various intersections in the towns and urban agglomerations of our country. The selling price of a unit is around 25,000 dollars (about 22,000 euros) and varies according to the autonomy of its solar panels._NEWLINE_Society does not fall asleep on its laurels; the company is developing and evolving its technology. "The robot sends the police, in real time, the images filmed by its cameras. We use a radio beam, but eventually we will switch to fiber optics. The transmission of images will be much faster, "says the project manager._NEWLINE_Several other Congolese cities want to acquire these automata. And Women's Technologies also intends to export. Angola, Congo, Ivory Coast and Nigeria are interested. When is the presence of the first humanoid agents made in DR Congo in these countries? "The talks are very advanced," says the head of the company.

11285879024858312941

Q12160933

_START_ARTICLE_ Theriological School _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Theriological School was started as one of the sections of Ukrainian theriological society (UTS) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS) in Autumn 1993 (24 November 1993) by a joint decision of three institutions – Ukrainian Theriological Society, Ministry of Nature Conservation and the Commission on the Reserves of NAS of Ukraine. Since its foundation in 1993 and until now Therioschool became one of the main activity of UTS. Igor Zagorodniuk, deputy head of the UTS, is one of the initiators of the creation and a head of Theriological school (together with O. Fedorchenko, O. Kiselyuk and V. Pokinchereda)._NEWLINE_The first newsletter (later: a regular newsletter and since 2000 – a bulletin “Novitates Theriologicae”) was distributed on 24 November 1993. The first (and in future: annual) conference (a school-seminar) was organized on 3 October 1994 at Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. The first issue of a journal "Proceedings of the Theriological School" was published in 1998 and presented during the V Theriological school on biological station of National University of Kharkiv. A website of Ukrainian Theriological Society was started in spring 2003 (25 May 2003)._NEWLINE_All activities of Theriological school are maintained entirely on the enthusiasm of its Board and its regular participants. The Board of the school organizes each next seminar in another place – usually, in one of the nature or biosphere reserves or at biological stations of one of the universities, and much less often in cities on the base of universities, institutes or museums of the natural history (the XII-th Terioschool was held in Luhansk, the XIII-th – at Kamianets-Podilskyi and the XXIV – in Odessa). _START_SECTION_ Journal _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Journal of the Theriological School – "Proceedings of the Theriological School" (later – PTS) is registered in International Center for Registration of Scientific Publications with ISSN 2312-2749 (print) and ISSN 2074-2274 (online). In 2018 journal changes its title to Theriologia Ukrainica._NEWLINE_The journal PTS was approved by Higher Attestation Commission of Ukraine (known as "VAK") in 2016 as a professional publication which can accept and publish the results of investigations in a framework of dissertation works. All articles submitted to PTS go through three reviews – primary review from the editorial board and two other reviews – from independent experts (peer review)._NEWLINE_Since 1998, 15 volumes of the journal PTS were published (on average 170–180 pages in each volume). Also, each volume contains on average 18–22 articles._NEWLINE_The information about each volume is posted on Internet (the website of Theriological School) according to the requirements of the Web of Science: each volume and each article has its own homepage with a detailed English summary (over 1000 characters). Each article contains an abstract, key words, legends to the figures and tables, bibliography (everything is dubbed in English). Each volume has at least 4–7 articles written in English (this is from 1/4 to 1/3 part of the whole journal)._NEWLINE_Page of the PTS in website of the National Museum of Natural History of Ukraine: >>>_NEWLINE_On 1 October 2018, according to log profile on Google Scholar, there are 1005 citations of 197 articles of the PTS. h-index is = 13, the index i10 (the number of articles cited at least 10 times) is 24. These results are quite high for Ukrainian journals.

5519117589162570162

Q7783071

_START_ARTICLE_ Thermal stability _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thermal stability also describes, as defined by Schmidt (1928), the stability of a water body and its resistance to mixing. This is the amount of work needed to transform the water. (e.g. a lake) to a uniform water density. The Schmidt stability 'S' is commonly measured in Joule per square meter or g*cm/cm. Compare Stratification._NEWLINE_"thermal stability can also be defined as the no change at micro-structural level."

18288490377807206168

Q10332964

_START_ARTICLE_ Theta Muscae _START_SECTION_ Description _START_PARAGRAPH_ Theta Muscae is a remote triple star system, the primary component of which is a carbon-sequence Wolf–Rayet star. This is a variety of highly-luminous hot blue star that has blown off its hydrogen envelope and is emitting heavier elements, in this case carbon, amid a strong stellar wind. Theta Muscae is the second-brightest such star in the sky after Gamma Velorum in Vela. θ Mus is beyond the current reach of useful visual parallax measurements, but has been estimated as around 7,400 light-years (460 million astronomical units) from Earth. While cataloging the stars in the far-southern sky, French explorer and astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille gave the star its Bayer designation in 1756. _START_SECTION_ Optical binary _START_PARAGRAPH_ To small telescopes, Theta Muscae appears as a double star, with a blue-cream brighter star and an O9III companion of magnitude 7.3 some 5.3 arcseconds away. The primary θ Muscae A is a massive triple star system._NEWLINE_The companion θ Muscae B is not part of the triple system but an optical double which happens to be along the same line of sight. It is a luminous O class giant star. It is suspected of itself being a spectroscopic binary with the companion being much fainter. _START_SECTION_ Triple system _START_PARAGRAPH_ The triple star θ Muscae A is composed of two parts: a spectroscopic binary system composed of the Wolf–Rayet star (spectral type: WC5 or 6) and an O-type main-sequence star (spectral type: O6 or O7) that orbit each other every 19 days and a blue supergiant (spectral type: O9.5/B0Iab) set about 46 milliarcseconds apart from them. If the system's estimated distance from Earth is accurate, the binary stars are about 0.5 AU apart and the supergiant about 100 AU apart from them. Although the Wolf–Rayet star dominates the spectrum, it is visually only about a quarter of the brightness of the supergiant companion. All three are highly luminous: combined, they are likely to be over a million times as luminous as the Sun. The stellar winds of the Wolf–Rayet star and its close companion are so powerful that they form a shock front where they meet. The front produces X-rays. _START_SECTION_ Nebula _START_PARAGRAPH_ A surrounding emission nebula is now thought to be a supernova remnant, not directly connected to θ Mus.

5118145899804472205

Q1359735

_START_ARTICLE_ Thiago Alves (tennis) _START_SECTION_ In Grand Slams _START_PARAGRAPH_ He has made four Grand Slam main draw appearances, qualifying into the_NEWLINE_U.S. Open in both 2006 and 2008, Roland Garros and Wimbledon in 2009. In 2006, he beat No. 359 Mariano Zabaleta in the first round before losing to No. 22 Fernando Verdasco in the 2nd round. _START_SECTION_ 2007 Win Over Moya _START_PARAGRAPH_ At the 2007 Brasil Open, Alves, roared on by his home crowd, scored a famous victory over No. 4 seed and former French Open champion Carlos Moyà. However, he fell to Juan Mónaco in the second round _START_SECTION_ 2008 _START_PARAGRAPH_ Alves lost to Roger Federer in the second round of the US Open in three sets. _START_SECTION_ 2009 _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the first round of the Johannesburg, SA Tennis Open he lost heavily to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. He also lost in the first round of the 2009 French Open to Jérémy Chardy._NEWLINE_At Wimbledon he played in the first round as a lucky loser and defeated Andrei Pavel. He faced 8th seed Gilles Simon in the second round and won the first set but went on to lose.

15972153774112182562

Q7784067

_START_ARTICLE_ Thierry Stevaux _START_SECTION_ Career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Stevaux played Davis Cup tennis for Belgium from 1977 to 1982. He appeared in a total of eight ties and finished with a 6/10 overall record, winning four of his 10 singles rubbers and two of his six doubles matches._NEWLINE_The Belgian took part in the 1980 French Open and was beaten in the opening round by Marko Ostoja, in four sets. Stevaux played men's doubles at the French Open three times, with Alain Brichant in 1981 and Wayne Hampson in 1982 and 1983. He lost in the first round each time._NEWLINE_Stevaux, partnering Steve Krulevitz, won the doubles title at the Brussels Outdoor Grand Prix tournament in 1980.

9707742276714065542

Q18394155

_START_ARTICLE_ Thingbu _START_SECTION_ Location _START_PARAGRAPH_ It is located on the 2,000-kilometre-long (1,200 mi) proposed Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Arunachal Pradesh Frontier Highway along the McMahon Line, alignment map of which can be seen here and here. _START_SECTION_ Demographics _START_PARAGRAPH_ A small village occupied by Monpa tribe & consists of 58 households. _START_SECTION_ Culture _START_PARAGRAPH_ Main festivals: Losar, Gandan Ngamchod etc._NEWLINE_Religion: Buddhist._NEWLINE_Dress: Traditional Shinka, Totung, Tenga-kime, Khichin, etc. ( for women). Khanjar, Chhuba, Totung, etc. (for men) _START_SECTION_ Climate _START_PARAGRAPH_ Heavy snowfall occurs during the months of December, January & February.

3029609736577945425

Q7784924

_START_ARTICLE_ Third Power (album) _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ Initially, the album was set to be titled Gangsta Grillz: The Album (Vol. 3), continuing the sequential titles of his previous two releases: however, in an interview at the BET Awards on July 8, 2011, he revealed that he had changed the album's title to Third Power. In a press release, DJ Drama spoke about how he felt the album was his best to date: he felt it was his "biggest and best yet" and that it represents three generations of hip-hop: "the music I came up on, the movements that I was a part of, and a whole new generation of Hip-Hop that is changing the face of music". The album leaked October 8, 2011. _START_SECTION_ Singles _START_PARAGRAPH_ The album's lead single, "Oh My", was released as a digital download on June 17, 2011. The song features guest appearances from American hip-hop artists Fabolous, Wiz Khalifa and Roscoe Dash, and features production from record producer Drumma Boy. The song debuted at number one-hundred on the US Billboard Hot 100 on the week ending August 6, 2011, becoming DJ Drama's first appearance on the chart, and also peaked at number nineteen on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and number twelve on the Hot Rap Songs charts in the United States, also becoming his highest peaking song on both of these charts. It has since peaked at #95 on the Hot 100. The official remix to "Oh My" features Trey Songz, 2 Chainz, & Big Sean. On September 13, 2011 it was revealed "Never See You Again" featuring Wale & Talia Coles would be the album's second single. However, "Ain't No Way Around It" featuring Future was released instead, and it peaked at #98 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. After the release of Third Power, "Undercover" featuring Chris Brown and J. Cole debuted at #15 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

11508917778421864527

Q19898639

_START_ARTICLE_ Thirukkai Vazakkam _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thirukkai Vazakkam is a literature sung in praise of the Vellalar / Kaaralar / agriculturist communities of Tamil Nadu by the great Tamil cannon Kambar (poet) in the 12th century A.D. The source of Thirukkai Vazakkam in Tamil is available in this link

6716898298728211398

Q42955550

_START_ARTICLE_ Thirukkural Payanam _START_SECTION_ Synopsis _START_PARAGRAPH_ The show has 4 levels, level 1: Juniors (Classes: 6-8), level 2: Seniors (Classes: 9 & 10), level 3: Super Seniors (Classes: 11 & 12) and level 4: College levels across Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. The contest saw 40 emerging as finalists.

4808301572854452654

Q39055791

_START_ARTICLE_ Thiruvananthapuram - Nilambur Road Rajya Rani Express _START_SECTION_ Coaches _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 16349 / 50 Rajya Rani Express has a total of 13 coaches (from 09 May, 2019) which includes one AC 2 Tier, one AC 3 Tier, seven Sleeper Class, two general unreserved & two SLR (seating with luggage rake) coaches . It does not carry a pantry car coach._NEWLINE_As it is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand. _START_SECTION_ Routing _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 16349 / 50 Rajya Rani Express runs from Kochuveli via Kollam Junction, Ernakulam Town, Shoranur Junction to Nilambur Road. _START_SECTION_ Traction _START_PARAGRAPH_ As the route is going to get electrified, an Erode Junction/Royapuram based WAP-4/WAP-7 electric locomotive pulls the train up to Shoranur Junction later an Erode Junction based WDM3D diesel locomotive pulls the train to its destination.

17754290534151545496

Q39047687

_START_ARTICLE_ Thiruvananthapuram Central - Mangalore Central Express _START_SECTION_ Service _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 16347/Thiruvananthapuram - Mangaluru Express has averages speed of 44 km/hr and covers 632 km in 14h 15m. The 16348/Mangaluru - Thiruvananthapuram Express has averages speed of 44 km/hr and covers 632 km in 14h 15m. _START_SECTION_ Traction _START_PARAGRAPH_ The route is fully electrified, and both trains are hauled by a Royapuram Loco Shed based WAP 4 Loco. _START_SECTION_ Rake Sharing _START_PARAGRAPH_ The train share its rake with 12619/12620 Matsyagandha Express.

10295058072906927736

Q7787038

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Allison (explorer) _START_SECTION_ Outward Voyage _START_PARAGRAPH_ Of Allison's personal history we have no record beyond what is to be gleaned from a journal of one of his voyages afterwards published. While in command of the ship Ann, of Yarmouth, of 260 tons, in the service of the Russia Company, he left Archangel in the White Sea on his homeward voyage, on 8 October 1697. After beating about for seventeen days off the coasts of Russia and Lapland, he found himself, on the 23rd of the same month, twenty-one miles N.E. from the Nord Kyn, the northernmost point of Europe and Norway, in lat. 71° 6′ N. Two days later, during a gale in thick weather, he sighted the North Cape, and ran for shelter into the ‘Fuel,’ or wide opening between the Nord Kyn and the North Cape. _START_SECTION_ Arctic _START_PARAGRAPH_ A perusal of his journal in the light of the best modern charts and sailing directions for these parts serves to show that he finally anchored in a small but secure harbour on the west side of what is now known as Porsanger Fjord, probably Saernoes Pollen, where he, by stress of weather, was forced to winter. It was during this period, under most difficult and trying circumstances, that his once famous journal was written, which is a faithful record of the daily experiences and trials of himself and his hardy crew. Such was the intense cold on 1 February 1698, that, in order to write his journal, ‘a boy had to thaw the ink as oft as he had occasion to dip his pen.’ The writer appears to have been not only a thorough seaman, well experienced in northern navigation, but also one well able to command the respect of his men by his unswerving adherence to daily work and discipline during a period of nearly five months' apparently enforced idleness. _START_SECTION_ Return _START_PARAGRAPH_ After enduring all the hardships of a severe Arctic winter with the loss of only one man, the Ann left the Fuel on 26 March 1698, and on 24 April following finally reached Gravesend. This narrative was published in the following year under the title of An Account of a Voyage from Archangel in Russia, in the year 1697, of the Ship and Company wintering near the North Cape, in the Latitude of 71. Their manner of Living and what they suffered by the Extreame Cold. Also Observations of the Climate, Country, and Inhabitants. Together with a Chart. By Tho. Allison, Commander of the Ship. Published at the request of the Russia Company, chiefly for the benefit of those who sail that way, as well for the satisfaction of the curious, or any who are concerned in that trade. London, 1699, 8vo (112 pp.). This account, often overlooked, was afterwards reprinted in Pinkerton's Voyages.

4662880022104298329

Q22087930

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Blass _START_SECTION_ Early life and education _START_PARAGRAPH_ Blass was born in Budapest, Hungary, during World War II. In 1944, when he was a child, Nazis invaded Hungary and murdered over 550,000 of Blass's fellow Jews there. After the war ended, he left Hungary with his mother, originally settling at a displaced persons camp in Salzburg, Austria. They remained there for a number of years before moving to Toronto, Canada, where Blass spent part of his childhood. He went on to receive his B.A. in mathematics from Yeshiva University, where he received his Ph.D. in social psychology in 1969. _START_SECTION_ Career _START_PARAGRAPH_ After graduating from college, Blass worked at the University of Maryland Psychiatric Institute, Sheppard-Pratt Hospital, and Downstate Medical Center. He spent most of his career at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. _START_SECTION_ Writings _START_PARAGRAPH_ Blass is the author of the 2004 book The Man Who Shocked the World: The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram, the first biography of Milgram ever published. He has also written numerous journal articles about Milgram and his experiment.

9122181198961775980

Q7787827

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre (25 March 1774 – 21 March 1851) was a British peer and Whig politician. _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ Dacre was the eldest son of Thomas Brand, of The Hoo, Hertfordshire, and Gertrude, 19th Baroness Dacre, daughter of the Hon. Charles Roper. _START_SECTION_ Political career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Dacre entered Parliament for Helston in January 1807, a seat he only held until May of the same year, when he was returned for Hertfordshire. He continued to represent this constituency until 1819, when he succeeded his mother in the barony of Dacre and entered the House of Lords. _START_SECTION_ Personal life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Lord Dacre married Barbarina, daughter of Admiral Sir Chaloner Ogle, 1st Baronet and widow of Valentine Wilmot, in 1819. The marriage was childless. He died at The Hoo, Hertfordshire, in March 1851, aged 76, and was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother, Henry. Lady Dacre died in London in May 1854, aged 86.

9210660491189560058

Q3577061

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Darden _START_SECTION_ Life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Darden was born on September 8, 1900 in Brooklyn, New York. He died on June 17, 1961. He is buried at the Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery in San Diego, California. _START_SECTION_ Naval career _START_PARAGRAPH_ While he was a lieutenant, Darden served as the aide-de-camp and the flag secretary for Rear Admiral Henry Hughes Hough. For a period of time following World War II, Darden served as an assistant to Chief of Naval Personnel Rear Admiral Thomas L. Sprague._NEWLINE_Darden took command of the destroyer USS Benham (DD-397)on February 2, 1939. Then, during the War in the Pacific,_NEWLINE_Darden commanded the light cruiser USS Denver (CL-58)._NEWLINE_In the latter 1940s, Darden headed the "Special Programs Unit", a naval unit intended to address the continuing role of African Americans in the U.S. Navy. Darden advocated integrating Black personnel into the U.S. Navy. He and fellow naval officers in the program developed a course to prepare African American enlisted men for promotion to the rank of Chief Petty Officer. Many graduates of this program were given priority promotion, even when specific openings did not exist for them. _START_SECTION_ Governorship _START_PARAGRAPH_ Darden was the last military governor of American Samoa. Darden took office on July 7, 1949, succeeding Captain Vernon Huber, and he left the office on February 23, 1951, to be succeeded by civilian governors from then on.

2796374673553974180

Q3525034

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas De Koninck _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thomas De Koninck (born 1934 in Leuven, Belgium) is a philosopher from Québec._NEWLINE_After studying at Oxford (M.A.), Université Laval (Ph.D), and Freie Universität Berlin, he became Professor at University of Notre Dame (1960–1964) in the United States and at Université Laval (1964– ) in Québec. A well-known rumor posits that as a child he inspired Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's character The Little Prince when Saint-Exupéry was living in the house of Charles De Koninck in Québec city, in 1942.

16724713122331302955

Q19897833

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas E. Murphy _START_SECTION_ Life and career _START_PARAGRAPH_ He was born in Manhattan and educated in the public school system, before attending the College of St. Francis Xavier, now known as Xavier High School, in New York. He did not graduate, instead entering the Society of Jesus in 1875 in Quebec. After further studies at Woodstock College in Maryland he obtained a post at Georgetown University in Washington D.C. in 1882. In 1887 he returned to Woodstock, and in 1890 was ordained. He was dean of studies at Georgetown from 1891 to 1893, and in 1894 returned to the College of St. Francis Xavier as its president. In 1900 he became dean of studies at Holy Cross College, where he became president in 1906, resigning in 1906 to allow more time for parochial work. From 1912 until his death he was the pastor of the Church of St. Ignatius in Brooklyn.

14208090047077897700

Q7789739

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Fortescue (secretary) _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thomas Fortescue (1784–1872) was an Anglo-Indian civil servant and secretary._NEWLINE_Fortescue, son of Gerald Fortescue, by Elizabeth, daughter of John Tew, acted as secretary to his cousin, Henry Wellesley, lieutenant-governor of the recently ceded province of Oudh, 1801–3. On the capture of Delhi, October 1803, he was appointed civil commissioner there. _NEWLINE_He married on 19 March 1859 Louisa Margaret, second daughter of Thomas Russell, and died on 7 September 1872. Part of his official correspondence is preserved at the British Museum.

10983446719359967431

Q15896274

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Fung _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Fung spent most of his teen years in Hong Kong, emigrating to Canada in 1967. He graduated from Magee High School in Vancouver._NEWLINE_He took baking courses in Japan during his 20s. When he returned to Vancouver in 1984, he founded the first of four Saint Germain Bakery outlets. During the 1970s, Fung studied film-making on the side at New York University when he was sent to New York City to train at the Merrill Lynch brokerage firm. Then he went back to Hong Kong, staying 10 years and starting a film-production company, an advertising agency and a public relations firm. He was also worked for his father at Sun Hung Kai & Co.. Thomas Fung is his son, his is studying in YCIS now. _START_SECTION_ Career _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1984, Thomas Fung moved to Vancouver. He chose to build his empire in Canada while his brother Tony continued on in Hong Kong. Fung built North America’s first and largest Asian-themed shopping and entertainment venture, Aberdeen Centre in Richmond. In 2008, he established Sea Land Air Flight Centre, an advanced flight training school for both commercial and private pilots._NEWLINE_Fung’s Fairchild Group owns and operates two national TV stations, five multicultural radio stations, local largest Chinese language magazine, an e-commerce IT company in Canada._NEWLINE_On top of his business endeavours, Fung provides significant philanthropic support to non-profit organizations such as the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, Royal Conservatory of Music, Children’s Hospital, United Way, World Vision, and others. _START_SECTION_ Honors _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Canadian federal government had appointed Mr. Fung as the Ministerial Strategic Advisor for Canada's Global Commerce directive. Business in Vancouver Magazine profiled Thomas Fung as one of the top 10 business person in the decade. Vancouver Magazine named Thomas Fung as one of the Power 50 in 5 consecutive years. Vancouver Board of Trade has awarded Mr. Fung the highest honour "Spirit of Vancouver Leadership Award". _START_SECTION_ Personal life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Fung is married to Amy Chan and has one son, Joseph (b. 1982), who works in Hong Kong._NEWLINE_His brother Tony Fung Wing Cheung is Chairman of Yu Ming Property Management Limited and served as Vice Chairman of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange._NEWLINE_His sister Rita Fung was married to David Ho, founder of the defunct Harmony Airways.

14081441770008991895

Q283400

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas George Montgomerie _START_PARAGRAPH_ Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas George Montgomerie FRS (1830–1878) was a British surveyor who participated in the Great Trigonometric Survey of India as a lieutenant in the 1850s. He was the person to label K2, the second highest mountain in the world, the K standing for Karakoram. The label "K2" has stuck and has become, and remains, the mountain's most commonly used name._NEWLINE_Despite being often denied close range access, the 19th century survey work carried out by Montgomerie and the survey of India has been shown to be accurate. The elevations of major summits which they calculated are very close to the elevations which are accepted today._NEWLINE_He was subsequently involved in attempts to extend the survey of India into Tibet. Tibet was not part of the British Empire and was closed to foreigners, so he employed and trained Indians, who entered Tibet disguised as travelling Tibetans, and became known as pundits._NEWLINE_In 1867 Major Montgomerie was assigned to Peshawar where he was tasked with recruiting native agents to explore Central Asia. Montgomerie recruited a number of individuals to survey Chitral and Badakhshan, including Hyder Shah, who in 1870 traveled through the princely states of Swat and Dir and Badakhshan.

13204610105103128806

Q16029380

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Gibson Sloane _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Sloane was born 20 April 1858 in St Kilda, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, the second son of merchant and sheep expert Alexander Sloane and homemaker Annabella Helen (née Gibson). He studied for some time at Melbourne's Scotch College. _START_SECTION_ Career and personal life _START_PARAGRAPH_ From 1888, Sloane served as manager of his father's sheep station, A. Sloane and Sons, in Moorilla, near Young, and later on in 1910 as owner. His sheep earned him recognition at many sheep shows. As an entomologist, Sloane described more than 600 new insect species. His expertise were the ground and tiger beetles. He later became a global authority on ground beetles. "An enthusiastic Darwinian", Sloane wed Eliza Scholastica Woolfrey on 28 October 1891, at the Church of England, Dubbo. They had six children – four were daughters and two were sons. _START_SECTION_ Later years and death _START_PARAGRAPH_ Fellow entomologist Herbert James Carter described Sloane as "unselfish" and "stoic by nature". However, he suffered a financial crisis in later years. He was reportedly very fit for his age and was free from any illness until a while before his death, when he experienced cardiac asthma. He had planned to retire in Canberra. Sloane died on 20 October 1932 at the Bunnerong Hospital in Young, New South Wales. His wife inherited all of his possessions. Following his death, his widow donated his extensive beetle collection, now known as the Thomas Sloane Collection, to the Division of Economic Entomology of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, in accordance of Sloane's wishes.

4871733886240400591

Q7791944

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Lowe (Lord Mayor) _START_PARAGRAPH_ Sir Thomas Lowe (died 11 April 1623) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1606 and 1622. He was an alderman of the City of London and became Lord Mayor of London in 1604._NEWLINE_Lowe was the son of Simon Lowe of Bromley Kent and his wife Margaret Lacey, daughter of Christopher Lacey of London. He was a member of the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers. In 1594 he was Master of the Haberdashers Company and became an alderman of Billingsgate in 1594. He was Sheriff of the City of London in 1595. In 1602 he was Master of the Haberdashers again and was knighted at Whitehall on 26 July 1603. He became Lord Mayor of London in 1604. He was Master of the Haberdashers again in 1604 and became a governor of the Levant Company in 1605 until his death in 1623._NEWLINE_In 1606, Lowe was elected Member of Parliament for City of London until 1611 He was Master of the Haberdashers again in 1608 and in 1609 became alderman of Broad Street Ward instead of Billingsgate. He became President of St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1610 and held the position until his death. He was Master of the Haberdashers again in 1612 and was re-elected MP for the City of London in 1614 for the Addled Parliament. In 1615 he was Master of the Haberdashers again and in 1616 became Colonel of the East Regiment Trained Bands until his death. He was for the last time Master of the Haberdashers from 1618 to 1619, and in 1621 was re-elected MP for the City of London._NEWLINE_Lowe married Ann Coulston, daughter of Gabriel Coulston of London.

10016699348536667508

Q918873

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Menamparampil _START_SECTION_ Personal life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Menamparampil entered the Congregation of the Salesians of Don Bosco and made his first religious profession on 24 May 1955. _START_SECTION_ Prelate _START_PARAGRAPH_ He received the sacrament of the priesthood by Bishop Stephen Ferrando SDB on 2 May 1965 after studying philosophy and Catholic theology. From 1969 to 1970, he completed a master's degree in history and English. From 1972 to 1974 he was the vice-provincial in Guwahati._NEWLINE_From 1975 to 1981 he was the Rector of Don Bosco Technical School, Shillong._NEWLINE_On 19 June 1981 he was appointed by Pope John Paul II as Bishop of the Diocese of Dibrugarh. He was consecrated by Archbishop Hubert D'Rosario on 29 November of that year. On 30 March 1992, he became Bishop of the newly established Diocese of Guwahati in India and was elevated to Archbishop on 10 July 1995 and he was appointed as the Archbishop and Metropolitan of the same ecclesiastical province._NEWLINE_From 1986 to 1992 Menamparampil was the chairman of the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences office of Evangelization. During this time, he worked primarily on deepening the relationship with different Asian cultures through evangelism and organizing a meeting between the representatives of the Church and representatives of the Communist governments. Menamparampil was later Special Secretary for the Asian Synod (1998), the author of over 180 articles on various subjects such as evangelism, culture, ministry, education, religious life and prayer._NEWLINE_In 2006, he was elected Chair of the Regional Bishops' Conference of Northeast India. In 2008, he was elected Chair of the CBCI commission for Education and Culture. Menamparampil acted as mediator in the conflict between the various ethnic groups in the Union State of Assam and coordinates the "Joint Ecumenical Peace Team", which is committed to dialogue in Northeast India and has been proven an effective organisation at resolving local conflicts._NEWLINE_Archbishop Manamparampil was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011. His nomination recognized his continued commitment to have peace, reconciliation and stability in Northeast India, an area full of territorial and ethnic conflicts. _START_SECTION_ Retirement _START_PARAGRAPH_ On 18 January 2012, Pope Benedict XVI accepted his retirement. He was succeeded by Coadjutor Archbishop John Moolachira on the same day as Archbishop._NEWLINE_On 3 February 2014, Pope Francis appointed the Archbishop as Apostolic Administrator of Diocese of Jowai since the Diocesan is sede vacante _START_SECTION_ Writings _START_PARAGRAPH_ Cultures in the Context of Sharing the Gospel_NEWLINE_Thoughts on Evangelization_NEWLINE_CAMINO DE FE Y DE ESPERANZA: Via Crucis con el Papa Benedicto XVI

1377699189227897402

Q1411551

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Quinn Curtiss _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Curtiss was born on June 22, 1915, in New York City, the son of Roy A. Curtiss and Ethel Quinn. He attended the Bovee School for Boys, a private day school on New York's Upper East Side, where he was friends with Louis Auchincloss. He graduated from the Browning School in New York in 1933. He studied film and theater in Vienna and Moscow, where he was a student of the film director Sergei Eisenstein. _START_SECTION_ Relationship to Klaus Mann _START_PARAGRAPH_ In Budapest during the summer of 1937, he met writer Klaus Mann, nine years his senior, a meeting Mann recorded in his diary as "In the evening, picked up the little Curtiss (cute, a little blase and arrogant kid)". Mann later wrote of Curtiss: "The luck and mystery of a first meeting. His hysteria, sadness, intelligence, gentleness, sensuality, his smile, his eyes, moans, lips, expression, voice". In his diaries, Mann refers to him as "Curtiss-darling" and "Curtiss-dear" or by a nickname he invented: "Tomski". Mann's suicidal novel Vergittertes Fenster (Barred Window), loosely based on the life death of King Ludwig II of Bavaria and first published in the Netherlands in 1937, is dedicated to Curtiss. Their romantic relationship lasted through the end of the year, but was never untroubled as Mann fought addiction and Curtiss socialized without him. Despite the brevity of their romantic relationship, for years they saw each other or spoke at great intervals, and Curtiss remained "the great love" of Mann's life._NEWLINE_Curtiss was interviewed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation about Mann's sexual behavior as part of their surveillance of German émigrées during World War II. _START_SECTION_ Enlistment _START_PARAGRAPH_ Curtiss enlisted in the New York 7th Regiment before World War II. He was stationed with the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe in 1944 and later with the US 8th Air Force, where he secured the Luftwaffe's hidden film library for the Allies. _NEWLINE_He was awarded the Legion of Honor in 1968. _START_SECTION_ Life in Paris _START_PARAGRAPH_ Curtiss settled in Paris after the war. He dined so regularly at La Tour d'Argent, one of the finest restaurants in Paris, that it added a dish named for him to its menu, "oeufs à la Tom Curtiss", a variation on oeufs à la Chimay._NEWLINE_Curtiss became a film and theater critic for many newspapers and magazines, including the New York Herald Tribune, The New York Times, and Variety, before he joined the International Herald Tribune for which he continued to write until long after his retirement._NEWLINE_He also wrote several books, including a biography of Erich von Stroheim, whom he had admired in his youth. The New York Times faulted it as "handicapped by lengthy and often fictitious reported conversations", too ready to believe von Stroheim's version of events, and burdened with trivia. It said that Curtiss "has been devoted, and probably no other account will bring us so close to the proud, wounded, stubborn temper of [von Stroheim]. As a major biography, setting the director against a period, the book has serious shortcomings." He also appeared in the documentary on Stroheim's life, The Man You Loved To Hate. He wrote the script for the 1973 screen adaptation of Eugene O'Neill's The Iceman Cometh. _START_SECTION_ Death _START_PARAGRAPH_ He died on July 17, 2000, in Poissy, France, at the age of 85.

5278056908212497364

Q7793422

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Ravis _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Ravis was born at Old Malden in Surrey, probably in 1560, and educated at Westminster School. He was elected, on the recommendation of Lord Burghley, to Christ Church, Oxford in 1575, but the Dean and Chapter declined to admit him on the grounds that there was no room, until Burghley remonstrated with them. He graduated B.A. on 12 November 1578, and M.A. on 3 March 1582, proceeding B.D. in 1589 and D.D. in 1595. _START_SECTION_ Priestly career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Ravis took holy orders in 1582 and preached around Oxford for some time. On 17 April 1588 he was elected one of the proctors, and in July 1596 and again in July 1597 was chosen Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford. In 1591 he was admitted to the rectory of Merstham, Surrey, and from 27 December of the same year until May 1598 was vicar of All Hallows, Barking. From February 1593 till 1607 he was a prebendary of Westminster, and from 1596 until 1605 an authoritarian Dean of Christ Church. As Dean he commuted the commons allowance for food into monetary form, of two shillings a week. Some of those who resisted this innovation he expelled, others he sent before the council, and others he imprisoned._NEWLINE_On 7 July 1598 he became vicar of Islip, and in the following October vicar of Wittenham Abbas, Berkshire. He was one of the six deans who attended the Hampton Court Conference in 1604, and later supplied notes for William Barlow's account, the Sum and Substance of the Conference. He was then involved in the subsequent creation of the King James Bible, being appointed one of the Oxford committee deputed to translate part of the New Testament. Also in that year, he was elected prolocutor of the lower house of Convocation. _START_SECTION_ Episcopal career _START_PARAGRAPH_ In October 1604 Ravis was appointed Bishop of Gloucester and consecrated on 17 March 1605; he was allowed to hold in commendam with his bishopric the deanery of Christ Church, his Westminster prebend, and the parsonages of Islip and Wittenham. At Gloucester he improved the Bishop's Palace. On 18 May 1607 Ravis was translated to the episcopal see of London and installed as Bishop of London on 2 June. He was intolerant of all nonconformity. Ravis died on 14 December 1609, and was buried in the north aisle of St Paul's Cathedral.

3528214940692560925

Q63465067

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Rives _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thomas Rives was the speaker of the House of Assembly of Jamaica in 1688.

6615477318799400020

Q7793887

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Shackle (cricketer, born 1834) _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thomas Shackle (28 July 1834 – 12 March 1887) was an English cricketer who enjoyed a brief season of first-class cricket for Middlesex in 1868, and otherwise played regularly for non-first-class teams including Buckinghamshire, Southgate and Wimbledon cricket clubs. His Middlesex season featured three matches, where he scored 67 runs at a batting average of 16.75 and a best of 41 not out.

4042613143603155777

Q7794377

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Taylor (botanist) _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thomas Taylor (1786–1848) was an English botanist, bryologist, and mycologist. _START_SECTION_ Life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thomas Taylor, born on a boat on the Ganges, was the eldest son of Joseph Irwin Taylor, colonel in the East Indian army. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, graduating B.A. in 1807, and M.B. and M.D. in 1814. He was afterwards elected a fellow of the King and Queen's College of Physicians, and during his residence in Dublin acted as physician in ordinary to Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital._NEWLINE_He acted as professor of botany and natural history in the Royal Cork Scientific Institution as long as that institution lasted, and then retired to Dunkerron, near Kenmare, co. Kerry. Here his medical knowledge and his purse were freely used for his poorer neighbours during the famine winter of 1847–8, and here he died early in February 1848. Taylor was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society in 1814, and was also an honorary member of the Royal Irish Academy. His botanical researches were mainly among the mosses, liverworts, and lichens._NEWLINE_Besides Muscologia Britannica, published by him in conjunction with Sir William Jackson Hooker in 1818 (2nd ed. 1827), he wrote much cryptogamic matter for the Flora Antarctica of Joseph Dalton Hooker, and is credited with twenty-three papers, four written in conjunction with that botanist (Roy. Soc. Cat. v. 923–4). These include an important memoir, De Marchanteis, in the Transactions of the Linnean Society, and contributions to the Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, The Phytologist, Hooker's Journal of Botany, and the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. His herbarium of over eight thousand sheets and his drawings were purchased at his death by John Amory Lowell of Boston, Mass., and presented by him to the Boston Society of Natural History._NEWLINE_His name was commemorated by Sir William Hooker in the genus Tayloria belonging to the mosses.

12833200102343491370

Q63101261

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas W. Talbot _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Talbot was born on a farm in Chesterfield County, South Carolina on April 27, 1849. Talbot married his wife Keitt Brooks Hauser on December 3, 1872. _START_SECTION_ Founding of the Machinists Union _START_PARAGRAPH_ Talbot was working as a Machinist in the Atlantic Coastline Railway shops, at Florence, South Carolina under deplorable conditions and for very small wages when he conceived the idea of organizing the Machinists for the purpose of improving their conditions through cooperation and collective action. _NEWLINE_After repeated efforts and many meetings held at the homes of various Machinists, a local organization was formed one night at the home of a Machinist named Green. This was in the early 1880's. Shortly after forming this organization Talbot was discharged by his employer for his Union activities. After leaving the Atlantic Coastline Railroad, Talbot moved around for a while until he landed a job at the Southern Railway in Atlanta Georgia. Upon leaving Florence, the lodges he had formed fell apart in the absence of his influence. Soon after going to work in Atlanta, Talbot began talking of organizing to his shop mates with the result that on May 5, 1888 Mike Riley, Henry Garrett and 16 other machinists along with Talbot got together in the "drop pit" and formed Lodge 1 of The National Association of Machinists later The International Association of Machinists and now The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers. _NEWLINE_On May 5, 1948 The Machinists Union dedicated a statue of Talbot in Grant Park in Atlanta Georgia recognizing the work he had done in founding their Union. The inscription on the statue reads "Erected by the membership of the International Association of Machinists, May 5, 1948 to the memory of its founder Thomas W. Talbot 1849-1892. Through whose efforts came light out of darkness and hope out of despair and that generations to come might exhort his greatness, this monument is dedicated to free men everywhere who solemnly toil for a livelihood." _START_SECTION_ Death _START_PARAGRAPH_ Talbot was murdered in March of 1892 by in Brothers Will and Charles Barrenger in the streets of Florence, South Carolina. _NEWLINE_Talbot is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in Florence, South Carolina. _START_SECTION_ Quotes _START_PARAGRAPH_ "There is dignity in labor that carries with it respect, both the labor of the hands and of the head - providing for our bodily wants as well as toiling to develop some enterprise of world-wide reputation" - Tom Talbot February 1889, Journal of United Machinists and Mechanical Engineers.

7606759873597130850

Q7794833

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Walker (explorer) _START_SECTION_ Early days _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thomas Walker was born at "Rye Field", Walkerton, King and Queen County, Virginia. He was raised as an Englishman in the Tidewater region of Virginia. Walker's first profession was that of a physician; he had attended the College of William and Mary and studied under his brother-in-law Dr. George Gilmer._NEWLINE_Walker became a man of status in the county when he married Mildred Thornton (widow of Nicholas Meriwether) in 1741, and acquired a large portion of land from her late husband's estate. The new couple built a home known as Castle Hill there and had 12 children. They in turn became prominent Albemarle County citizens in their own rights._NEWLINE_"Fox hunting had been taking place over the Keswick, Virginia landscape since 1742 when Dr. Thomas Walker of Castle Hill imported six or eight couple of English Foxhounds."_NEWLINE_In April 1744, Walker was elected as vestryman at his church, a position he held for more than forty years, until 1785. He served Virginia as a delegate to the House of Burgesses from Albemarle County, and was a trustee of the newly formed town of Charlottesville. _START_SECTION_ Exploration _START_PARAGRAPH_ On July 12, 1749, the Loyal Land Company was founded with Walker as a leading member. After receiving a royal grant of 800,000 acres (320,000 ha) in what is now southeastern Kentucky (which was occupied by Native Americans), the company appointed Walker to lead an expedition to explore and survey the region in 1750. Walker was named head of the Loyal Land Company in 1752._NEWLINE_During the expedition, Walker gave names to many topographical features, including the Cumberland Gap. His party built the first non-Indian house (a cabin) in Kentucky. Walker kept a daily journal of the trip._NEWLINE_At the age of 64, Walker traveled to the western areas of Kentucky and Tennessee again; he had been commissioned to survey the border between westward of the Virginia and North Carolina. (At that time each state claimed the land to the west of their boundaries for ultimate settlement by the right of "discovery.") Because the border was mapped and surveyed, rather than created along the natural boundary of a river, it was considered controversial. It was called the "Walker Line," and still constitutes the border between Kentucky and Tennessee from east to west terminating at the Tennessee River._NEWLINE_Walker was influential in dealing with Indian affairs. He was appointed to represent Virginia at the Treaty of Fort Stanwix and Treaty of Lochaber (1770), and dealt with the peace negotiations after the Battle of Point Pleasant. In 1775, Walker served as a Virginia commissioner in negotiations with representatives of the Iroquois Six Nations in Pittsburgh, as the colonies tried to engage them as allies against the British._NEWLINE_He is credited as the first American to discover and use soggy bottom._NEWLINE_Due to his broad knowledge of the areas and their resources, Walker served as an adviser to Thomas Jefferson from 1780 to 1783 on what became his book, Notes on the State of Virginia (1785). _START_SECTION_ Final years _START_PARAGRAPH_ After the death of his first wife, in 1781 Walker married Elizabeth Thornton (official marriage contract). Thomas Walker died on November 9, 1794 at his home of Castle Hill.

15136210455196713471

Q18716111

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Wells (Royal Navy officer) _START_SECTION_ Naval career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wells joined the Royal Navy in 1774. He became commanding officer of the frigate HMS Melampus in early 1794 during the French Revolutionary Wars. During this time Melampus participated in the Action of 23 April 1794, during which the British took three vessels, Engageante, Pomone, and Babet. Melampus had five men killed and five wounded. He went on to be commanding officer of the third-rate HMS Defence later in 1794 and commanding officer of the second-rate HMS Glory in 1799. He acted as a pallbearer at the funeral of Lord Nelson in October 1805. After that he became Commander-in-Chief, The Nore in 1807 and was promoted to Vice Admiral of the Red in 1808.

10481994671846855891

Q18336399

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomas Witherow _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thomas Witherow (1824–1890) was an Irish Presbyterian minister and historian. _START_SECTION_ Life _START_PARAGRAPH_ The son of Hugh Witherow, a farmer at Aughlish, near Dungiven, County Londonderry, and his wife Elizabeth Martin, he was born at Ballycastle on 29 May 1824. He received his early education at Ralliagh church school, and then studied with James Bryce. Later on he went to Belfast Academy and the Royal Academical Institution._NEWLINE_In 1839 he entered the collegiate department of the Academical Institution, and here, with the exception of a session at Edinburgh, all his college days were spent._NEWLINE_In 1845 Witherow was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Glendermot, and in 1845 he ordained at Maghera, Londonderry, by the presbytery of Magherafelt, as colleague to Charles Kennedy. In 1865, on the opening of Magee College, Londonderry, he was appointed by the General Assembly as Professor of Church History and Pastoral Theology._NEWLINE_In 1878 Witherow was elected moderator of the Irish General Assembly, and in 1884 as a senator of the Royal University of Ireland. He was made hon. D.D. in 1883 by the Presbyterian Theological Faculty, Ireland, and LL.D. by the Royal University in 1885._NEWLINE_Witherow died on 25 January 1890 at Londonderry, and was buried in the city cemetery there. _START_SECTION_ Family _START_PARAGRAPH_ Witherow married Catharine, daughter of Thomas Milling of Maghera. They had seven daughters and three sons.

516337365390246562

Q14686870

_START_ARTICLE_ Thomasville High School _START_SECTION_ Sports _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thomasville High School is known for its football program. When the program began in 1910, the team was known as the Thomasville Red Cyclones. This changed in 1923, when they were given permission by the University of Georgia to use the Bulldog mascot. Though it would be more fitting to use BUZZ from Georgia Tech, the bulldog remained the mascot until the present._NEWLINE_The school colors were initially red and black. These did not change until segregation came to an end, and the school merged with Douglass High School and took on the color gold, while doing away with black._NEWLINE_In 103 years of football, the school has one high school football national championship (1974), and five state championships (1945, 1958 co-champs, 1973, 1974, 1988). They have also won 26 region titles, most recently in 2017. Most recently, during the 2017 season, the Bulldogs went 12-1 and notched the program's 700th win when they defeated cross-town rival Thomas County Central High School. _NEWLINE_Thomas County Central High School and Cairo High School are their primary rivals. While there was a suspension of the two series in the late 1990s, the rivalries has recently been picked back up and occurs in early part of the season each year. _NEWLINE_The school has produced major college and NFL players including William Andrews, Mike Bobo, Shawn Jones, Mike Jones (University of Georgia), Charles Bostick (Georgia Southern University), Eric Curry, Guy McIntyre, Sheddrick Wilson (Louisiana State and Houston Oilers) and Brandon Thompson of the Cincinnati Bengals._NEWLINE_The school won a state baseball championship in 1999. Levale Speigner was part of the 1999 team, and he has gone on to play professional baseball._NEWLINE_The school won a state soccer championship in 2010. They were the Area 2 AA/A champions, as well with an overall record of 19-0-4, the school's first undefeated season. They scored 100 goals and allowed 15 on the season. They ended the season #1 in division AA/A, ranked #8 overall in the state and ranked #47 nationally._NEWLINE_The school also contains a notable tennis team. It is often regarded as one of the best public school teams in GHSA AA. The team has reached the final four 9 times, 5 for the boys team and 4 for the girls team. The team was headed by Phil Slaughter for nearly 20 years and is now led by Kelli Helms. In 2016, they defeated three-time GISA state champion Brookwood. The team most recently went to the final four in 2017. The boys team had final four appearances in 2005, 2006, 2013, 2014, and 2017. The girls team reached the final four in 1996 (AAA), 1998, 2008, and 2014. The team has a combined 13 trips that ended in the elite 8 (more than their 4 combined sweet 16 trips in 2000, 2006, and 2009). The only time the boys team made it to the Sweet 16 was in 2010._NEWLINE_In the 2016 season, the Thomasville High School tennis team wore their wildly popular "Black Out" uniforms. They consisted of black shorts with a black shirt with a diamond T, the team's logo. In 2017 the boys team debuted a similar "Black Out" uniform, this year consisting of a collared shirt and embroidered diamond T logo. The girls team wore red Wilson dresses with hints of white._NEWLINE_The Boys team won region 1-2A championships most recently in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017. During this period the team was led by Geoffrey Martin, a Lagrange University commit._NEWLINE_During the 1974 season, the Thomasville Doubles team of Virginia Balfour and Greer Becknell attained the title of AAA State Runner-Up. 5 other doubles teams reached the final four in the sixties and seventies. These teams were Ann Rumble and Penny Dollar (1969), Virginia Balfour and Greer Becknell (1972), Dayna Leak and Donna Leak (1977), Charles Weir and John Everett (1980)._NEWLINE_Two singles players for the boys' team reached the state final four, when the tournament consisted of individual play. These were John Paul (1965) and Brian Rice (1986)._NEWLINE_When the tournament consisted of individual play, 7 doubles teams reached the elite 8. These teams were Ann Rumble and Penny Dollar (1968), Carla Thornton and Joy Alligood (1971 AAA), Virginia Balfour and Greer Becknell (1973), Dayna Leak and Donna Leak (1976 AAA), Blake Brookered and Mike Clay (1973), and Jesse Booth and Bobby Balfour (1972), and Charles Weir and John Everett (1980 AAA).

17303642392194114353

Q210826

_START_ARTICLE_ Thoroughbred _START_SECTION_ Breed characteristics _START_PARAGRAPH_ The typical Thoroughbred ranges from 15.2 to 17.0 hands (62 to 68 inches, 157 to 173 cm) high, averaging 16 hands (64 inches, 163 cm). They are most often bay, dark bay or brown, chestnut, black, or gray. Less common colors recognized in the United States include roan and palomino. White is very rare, but is a recognized color separate from gray. The face and lower legs may be marked with white, but white will generally not appear on the body. Coat patterns that have more than one color on the body, such as Pinto or Appaloosa, are not recognized by mainstream breed registries. Good-quality Thoroughbreds have a well-chiseled head on a long neck, high withers, a deep chest, a short back, good depth of hindquarters, a lean body, and long legs. Thoroughbreds are classified among the "hot-blooded" breeds, which are animals bred for agility and speed and are generally considered spirited and bold._NEWLINE__NEWLINE_Thoroughbreds born in the Northern Hemisphere are officially considered a year older on the first of January each year; those born in the Southern Hemisphere officially are one year older on the first of August. These artificial dates have been set to enable the standardization of races and other competitions for horses in certain age groups. _START_SECTION_ Terminology _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Thoroughbred is a distinct breed of horse, although people sometimes refer to a purebred horse of any breed as a thoroughbred. The term for any horse or other animal derived from a single breed line is purebred. While the term probably came into general use because the English Thoroughbred's General Stud Book was one of the first breed registries created, in modern usage horse breeders consider it incorrect to refer to any animal as a thoroughbred except for horses belonging to the Thoroughbred breed. Nonetheless, breeders of other species of purebred animals may use the two terms interchangeably, though thoroughbred is less often used for describing purebred animals of other species. The term is a proper noun referring to this specific breed, though often not capitalized, especially in non-specialist publications, and outside the US. For example, the Australian Stud Book, The New York Times, and the BBC do not capitalize the word. _START_SECTION_ Early racing _START_PARAGRAPH_ Flat racing existed in England by at least 1174, when four-mile races took place at Smithfield, in London. Racing continued at fairs and markets throughout the Middle Ages and into the reign of King James I of England. It was then that handicapping, a system of adding weight to attempt to equalize a horse's chances of winning as well as improved training procedures, began to be used. During the reigns of Charles II, William III, Anne, and George I, the foundation of the Thoroughbred was laid. The term "thro-bred" to describe horses was first used in 1713._NEWLINE_Under Charles II, a keen racegoer and owner, and Anne, royal support was given to racing and the breeding of race horses. With royal support, horse racing became popular with the public, and by 1727, a newspaper devoted to racing, the Racing Calendar, was founded. Devoted exclusively to the sport, it recorded race results and advertised upcoming meets. _START_SECTION_ Foundation stallions _START_PARAGRAPH_ All modern Thoroughbreds trace back to three stallions imported into England from the Middle East in the late 17th and early 18th centuries: the Byerley Turk (1680s), the Darley Arabian (1704), and the Godolphin Arabian (1729). Other stallions of oriental breeding were less influential, but still made noteworthy contributions to the breed. These included the Alcock's Arabian, D'Arcy's White Turk, Leedes Arabian, and Curwen's Bay Barb. Another was the Brownlow Turk, who, among other attributes, is thought to be largely responsible for the gray coat color in Thoroughbreds. In all, about 160 stallions of Oriental breeding have been traced in the historical record as contributing to the creation of the Thoroughbred. The addition of horses of Eastern bloodlines, whether Arabian, Barb, or Turk, to the native English mares ultimately led to the creation of the General Stud Book (GSB) in 1791 and the practice of official registration of horses. According to Peter Willett, about 50% of the foundation stallions appear to have been of Arabian bloodlines, with the remainder being evenly divided between Turkoman and Barb breeding._NEWLINE_Each of the three major foundation sires was, coincidentally, the ancestor of a grandson or great-great-grandson who was the only male descendant to perpetuate each respective horse's male line: Matchem was the only descendant of his grandsire, the Godolphin Arabian, to maintain a male line to the present; the Byerley Turk's male line was preserved by Herod (or King Herod), a great-great-grandson; and the male line of the Darley Arabian owes its existence to great-great-grandson Eclipse, who was the dominant racehorse of his day and never defeated. One genetic study indicates that 95% of all male Thoroughbreds trace their direct male line (via the Y chromosome) to the Darley Arabian. _NEWLINE_However, in modern Thoroughbred pedigrees, most horses have more crosses to the Godolphin Arabian (13.8%) than to the Darley Arabian (6.5%) when all lines of descent (maternal and paternal) are considered. Further, as a percentage of contributions to current Thoroughbred bloodlines, Curwen's Bay Barb (4.2%) appears more often than the Byerley Turk (3.3%). The majority of modern Thoroughbreds alive today trace to a total of only 27 or 28 stallions from the 18th and 19th centuries. _START_SECTION_ Foundation mares _START_PARAGRAPH_ The mares used as foundation breeding stock came from a variety of breeds, some of which, such as the Irish Hobby, had developed in northern Europe prior to the 13th century. Other mares were of oriental breeding, including Barb, Turk and other bloodlines, although most researchers conclude that the number of Eastern mares imported into England during the 100 years after 1660 was small. The 19th-century researcher Bruce Lowe identified 50 mare "families" in the Thoroughbred breed, later augmented by other researchers to 74. However, it is probable that fewer genetically unique mare lines existed than Lowe identified. Recent studies of the mtDNA of Thoroughbred mares indicate that some of the mare lines thought to be genetically distinct may actually have had a common ancestor; in 19 mare lines studied, the haplotypes revealed that they traced to only 15 unique foundation mares, suggesting either a common ancestor for foundation mares thought to be unrelated or recording errors in the GSB. _START_SECTION_ Later development in Britain _START_PARAGRAPH_ By the end of the 18th century, the English Classic races had been established. These are the St. Leger Stakes, founded in 1776, The Oaks, founded in 1779, and The Derby in 1780. Later, the 2,000 Guineas Stakes and the 1,000 Guineas Stakes were founded in 1809 and 1814. The 1,000 Guineas and the Oaks are restricted to fillies, but the others are open to racehorses of either sex aged three years. The distances of these races, ranging from one mile (1.6 km) to 1.75 miles (2.82 km), led to a change in breeding practices, as breeders concentrated on producing horses that could race at a younger age than in the past and that had more speed. In the early 18th century, the emphasis had been on longer races, up to 4 miles (6.4 km), that were run in multiple heats. The older style of race favored older horses, but with the change in distances, younger horses became preferred._NEWLINE_Selective breeding for speed and racing ability led to improvements in the size of horses and winning times by the middle of the 19th century. Bay Middleton, a winner of the Epsom Derby, stood over 16 hands high, a full hand higher than the Darley Arabian. Winning times had improved to such a degree that many felt further improvement by adding additional Arabian bloodlines was impossible. This was borne out in 1885, when a race was held between a Thoroughbred, Iambic, considered a mid-grade runner, and the best Arabian of the time, Asil. The race was over 3 miles (4,800 m), and although Iambic was handicapped by carrying 4.5 stone (29 kg; 63 lb) more than Asil, he still managed to beat Asil by 20 lengths. An aspect of the modern British breeding establishment is that they breed not only for flat racing, but also for steeplechasing. Up until the end of the 19th century, Thoroughbreds were bred not only for racing but also as saddle horses._NEWLINE_Soon after the start of the 20th century, fears that the English races would be overrun with American-bred Thoroughbreds because of the closing of US racetracks in the early 1910s, led to the Jersey Act of 1913. It prohibited the registration of any horse in the General Stud Book (GSB) if they could not show that every ancestor traced to the GSB. This excluded most American-bred horses, because the 100-year gap between the founding of the GSB and the American Stud Book meant that most American-bred horses possessed at least one or two crosses to horses not registered in the GSB. The act was not repealed until 1949, after which a horse was only required to show that all its ancestors to the ninth generation were registered in a recognized Stud Book. Many felt that the Jersey Act hampered the development of the British Thoroughbred by preventing breeders in the United Kingdom from using new bloodlines developed outside the British Isles. _START_SECTION_ In America _START_PARAGRAPH_ The first Thoroughbred horse in the American Colonies was Bulle Rock, imported in 1730. Maryland and Virginia were the centers of Colonial Thoroughbred breeding, along with South Carolina and New York. During the American Revolution importations of horses from England practically stopped but were restarted after the signing of a peace treaty. Two important stallions were imported around the time of the Revolution; Messenger in 1788 and Diomed before that. Messenger left little impact on the American Thoroughbred, but is considered a foundation sire of the Standardbred breed. Diomed, who won the Derby Stakes in 1780, had a significant impact on American Thoroughbred breeding, mainly through his son Sir Archy. John F. Wall, a racing historian, said that Sir Archy was the "first outstanding stallion we can claim as native American." He was retired from the racetrack because of lack of opponents._NEWLINE_After the American Revolution, the center of Thoroughbred breeding and racing in the United States moved west. Kentucky and Tennessee became notable centers. Andrew Jackson, later President of the United States, was a breeder and racer of Thoroughbreds in Tennessee. Famous match races held in the early 19th century helped popularize horse racing in the United States. One took place in 1823, in Long Island, New York, between Sir Henry and American Eclipse. Another was a match race between Boston and Fashion in 1838 that featured bets of $20,000 from each side. The last major match races before the American Civil War were both between Lexington and Lecompte. The first was held in 1854 in New Orleans and was won by Lecompte. Lexington's owner then challenged Lecompte's owner to a rematch, held in 1855 in New Orleans and won by Lexington. Both of these horses were sons of Boston, a descendant of Sir Archy. Lexington went on to a career as a breeding stallion, and led the sires list of number of winners for sixteen years, fourteen of them in a row._NEWLINE_After the American Civil War, the emphasis in American racing changed from the older style of four-mile (6 km) races in which the horses ran in at least two heats. The new style of racing involved shorter races not run in heats, over distances from five furlongs up to 1.5 miles (2.4 km). This development meant a change in breeding practices, as well as the age that horses were raced, with younger horses and sprinters coming to the fore. It was also after the Civil War that the American Thoroughbred returned to England to race. Iroquois became the first American-bred winner of the Epsom Derby in 1881. The success of American-bred Thoroughbreds in England led to the Jersey Act in 1913, which limited the importation of American Thoroughbreds into England. After World War I, the breeders in America continued to emphasize speed and early racing age but also imported horses from England, and this trend continued past World War II. After World War II, Thoroughbred breeding remained centered in Kentucky, but California, New York, and Florida also emerged as important racing and breeding centers._NEWLINE_Thoroughbreds in the United States have historically been used not only for racing but also to improve other breeds. The early import Messenger was the foundation of the Standardbred, and Thoroughbred blood was also instrumental in the development of the American Quarter Horse. The foundation stallion of the Morgan breed is held by some to have been sired by a Thoroughbred. Between World War I and World War II, the U.S. Army used Thoroughbred stallions as part of their Remount Service, which was designed to improve the stock of cavalry mounts. _START_SECTION_ In Europe _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thoroughbreds began to be imported to France in 1817 and 1818 with the importation of a number of stallions from England, but initially the sport of horse racing did not prosper in France. The first Jockey Club in France was not formed until 1833, and in 1834 the racing and regulation functions were split off to a new society, the Societe d'Encouragement pour l'Amelioration des Races de Chevaux en France, better known as the Jockey-Club de Paris. The French Stud Book was founded at the same time by the government. By 1876, French-bred Thoroughbreds were regularly winning races in England, and in that year a French breeder-owner earned the most money in England on the track. World War I almost destroyed French breeding because of war damage and lack of races. After the war, the premier French race, the Grand Prix, resumed and continues to this day. During World War II, French Thoroughbred breeding did not suffer as it had during the first World War, and thus was able to compete on an equal footing with other countries after the war._NEWLINE_Organized racing in Italy started in 1837, when race meets were established in Florence and Naples and a meet in Milan was founded in 1842. Modern flat racing came to Rome in 1868. Later importations, including the Derby Stakes winners Ellington (1856) and Melton (1885), came to Italy before the end of the 19th century. Modern Thoroughbred breeding in Italy is mostly associated with the breeding program of Federico Tesio, who started his breeding program in 1898. Tesio was the breeder of Nearco, one of the dominant sires of Thoroughbreds in the later part of the 20th century._NEWLINE_Other countries in Europe have Thoroughbred breeding programs, including Germany, Russia, Poland, and Hungary. _START_SECTION_ In Australia and New Zealand _START_PARAGRAPH_ Horses arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in 1788 along with the earliest colonists. Although horses of part-Thoroughbred blood were imported into Australia during the late 18th century, it is thought that the first pureblood Thoroughbred was a stallion named Northumberland who was imported from England in 1802 as a coach horse sire. By 1810, the first formal race meets were organized in Sydney, and by 1825 the first mare of proven Thoroughbred bloodlines arrived to join the Thoroughbred stallions already there. In 1825, the Sydney Turf Club, the first true racing club in Australia, was formed. Throughout the 1830s, the Australian colonies began to import Thoroughbreds, almost exclusively for racing purposes, and to improve the local stock. Each colony formed its own racing clubs and held its own races. Gradually, the individual clubs were integrated into one overarching organization, now known as the Australian Racing Board. Thoroughbreds from Australia were imported into New Zealand in the 1840s and 1850s, with the first direct importation from England occurring in 1862. _START_SECTION_ In other areas _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thoroughbreds have been exported to many other areas of the world since the breed was created. Oriental horses were imported into South Africa from the late 17th century in order to improve the local stock through crossbreeding. Horse racing was established there in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and Thoroughbreds were imported in increasing numbers. The first Thoroughbred stallions arrived in Argentina in 1853, but the first mares did not arrive until 1865. The Argentine Stud Book was first published in 1893. Thoroughbreds were imported into Japan from 1895, although it was not until after World War II that Japan began a serious breeding and racing business involving Thoroughbreds. _START_SECTION_ Registration, breeding, and population _START_PARAGRAPH_ The number of Thoroughbred foals registered each year in North America varies greatly, chiefly linked to the success of the auction market which in turn depends on the state of the economy. The foal crop was over 44,000 in 1990, but declined to roughly 22,500 by 2014. The largest numbers are registered in the states of Kentucky, Florida and California. Australia is the second largest producer of Thoroughbreds in the world with almost 30,000 broodmares producing about 18,250 foals annually. Britain produces about 5,000 foals a year, and worldwide, there are more than 195,000 active broodmares, or females being used for breeding, and 118,000 newly registered foals in 2006 alone. The Thoroughbred industry is a large agribusiness, generating around $34 billion in revenue annually in the United States and providing about 470,000 jobs through a network of farms, training centers and race tracks._NEWLINE_Unlike a significant number of registered breeds today, a horse cannot be registered as a Thoroughbred (with The Jockey Club registry) unless conceived by live cover, the witnessed natural mating of a mare and a stallion. Artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET), though commonly used and allowable in many other horse breed registries, cannot be used with Thoroughbreds. One reason is that a greater possibility of error exists in assigning parentage with AI, and although DNA and blood testing eliminate many of those concerns, AI still requires more detailed record keeping. The main reason, however, may be economic; a stallion has a limited number of mares who can be serviced by live cover. Thus the practice prevents an oversupply of Thoroughbreds, although modern management still allows a stallion to live cover more mares in a season than was once thought possible. As an example, in 2008, the Australian stallion Encosta De Lago covered 227 mares. By allowing a stallion to cover only a couple of hundred mares a year rather than the couple of thousand possible with AI, it also preserves the high prices paid for horses of the finest or most popular lineages._NEWLINE_Concern exists that the closed stud book and tightly regulated population of the Thoroughbred is at risk of loss of genetic diversity because of the level of inadvertent inbreeding inevitable in such a small population. According to one study, 78% of alleles in the current population can be traced to 30 foundation animals, 27 of which are male. Ten foundation mares account for 72% of maternal (tail-female) lineages, and, as noted above, one stallion appears in 95% of tail male lineages. Thoroughbred pedigrees are generally traced through the maternal line, called the distaff line. The line that a horse comes from is a critical factor in determining the price for a young horse. _START_SECTION_ Value _START_PARAGRAPH_ Prices of Thoroughbreds vary greatly, depending on age, pedigree, conformation, and other market factors. In 2007, Keeneland Sales, a United States-based sales company, sold 9,124 horses at auction, with a total value of $814,401,000, which gives an average price of $89,259. As a whole for the United States in 2007, The Jockey Club auction statistics indicated that the average weanling sold for $44,407, the average yearling sold for $55,300, average sale price for two-year-olds was $61,843, broodmares averaged $70,150, and horses over two and broodmare prospects sold for an average of $53,243. For Europe, the July 2007 Tattersall's Sale sold 593 horses at auction, with a total for the sale of 10,951,300 guineas, for an average of 18,468 guineas. Also in 2007, Doncaster Bloodstock Sales, another British sales firm, sold 2,248 horses for a total value of 43,033,881 guineas, making an average of 15,110 guineas per horse. Australian prices at auction during the 2007-2008 racing and breeding season were as follows: 1,223 Australian weanlings sold for a total of $31,352,000, an average of $25,635 each. Four thousand, nine hundred and three yearlings sold for a total value of A$372,003,961, an average of A$75,853. Five hundred two-year-olds sold for A$13,030,150, an average of A$26,060, and 2,118 broodmares totalled A$107,720,775, an average of A$50,860._NEWLINE_Averages, however, can be deceiving. For example, at the 2007 Fall Yearling sale at Keeneland, 3,799 young horses sold for a total of $385,018,600, for an average of $101,347 per horse. However, that average sales price reflected a variation that included at least 19 horses that sold for only $1,000 each and 34 that sold for over $1,000,000 apiece._NEWLINE_The highest price paid at auction for a Thoroughbred was set in 2006 at $16,000,000 for a two-year-old colt named The Green Monkey. Record prices at auction often grab headlines, though they do not necessarily reflect the animal's future success; in the case of The Green Monkey, injuries limited him to only three career starts before being retired to stud in 2008, and he never won a race. Conversely, even a highly successful Thoroughbred may be sold by the pound for a few hundred dollars to become horsemeat. The best-known example of this was the 1986 Kentucky Derby winner Ferdinand, exported to Japan to stand at stud, but was ultimately slaughtered in 2002, presumably for pet food._NEWLINE_However, the value of a Thoroughbred may also be influenced by the purse money it wins. In 2007, Thoroughbred racehorses earned a total of $1,217,854,602 in all placings, an average earnings per starter of $16,924. In addition, the track record of a race horse may influence its future value as a breeding animal._NEWLINE_Stud fees for stallions that enter breeding can range from $2,500 to $500,000 per mare in the United States, and from £2000 to £75,000 or more in Britain. The record stud fee to date was set in the 1980s, when the stud fee of the late Northern Dancer reached $1 million. During the 2008 Australian breeding season seven stallions stood at a stud fee of A$110,000 or more, with the highest fee in the nation at A$302,500. _START_SECTION_ Uses _START_PARAGRAPH_ Although the Thoroughbred is primarily bred for racing, the breed is also used for show jumping and combined training because of its athleticism, and many retired and retrained race horses become fine family riding horses, dressage horses, and youth show horses. The larger horses are sought after for hunter/jumper and dressage competitions, whereas the smaller horses are in demand as polo ponies. _START_SECTION_ Horse racing _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thoroughbred horses are primarily bred for racing under saddle at the gallop. Thoroughbreds are often known for being either distance runners or sprinters, and their conformation usually reflects what they have been bred to do. Sprinters are usually well muscled, while stayers, or distance runners, tend to be smaller and slimmer. The size of the horse is one consideration for buyers and trainers when choosing a potential racehorse. Although there have been champion racehorses of every height, from Zenyatta who stood 17.2 hands, to Man o' War and Secretariat who both stood at 16.2 hands, down to Hyperion, who was only 15.1, the best racehorses are generally of average size. Larger horses mature more slowly and have more stress on their legs and feet, predisposing them to lameness. Smaller horses are considered by some to be at a disadvantage due to their shorter stride and a tendency of other horses to bump them, especially in the starting gate. Historically, Thoroughbreds have steadily increased in size: the average height of a Thoroughbred in 1700 was about 13.3 hands high. By 1876 this had increased to 15.3._NEWLINE_In 2007, there were 71,959 horses who started in races in the United States, and the average Thoroughbred racehorse in the United States and Canada ran 6.33 times in that year. In Australia, there were 31,416 horses in training during 2007, and those horses started 194,066 times for A$375,512,579 of prize money. During 2007, in Japan, there were 23,859 horses in training and those horses started 182,614 times for A$857,446,268 of prize money. In Britain, the British Racing Authority states there were 8,556 horses in training for flat racing for 2007, and those horses started 60,081 times in 5,659 races._NEWLINE_Statistically, fewer than 50% of all race horses ever win a race, and less than 1% ever win a stakes race such as the Kentucky Derby or The Derby. Any horse who has yet to win a race is known as a maiden._NEWLINE_Horses finished with a racing career that are not suitable for breeding purposes often become riding horses or other equine companions. A number of agencies exist to help make the transition from the racetrack to another career, or to help find retirement homes for ex-racehorses. _START_SECTION_ Other disciplines _START_PARAGRAPH_ In addition to racing, Thoroughbreds compete in eventing, show jumping and dressage at the highest levels of international competition, including the Olympics. They are also used as show hunters, steeplechasers, and in western riding speed events such as barrel racing. Mounted police divisions employ them in non-competitive work, and recreational riders also use them. Thoroughbreds are one of the most common breeds for use in polo in the United States. They are often seen in the fox hunting field as well. _START_SECTION_ Crossbreeding _START_PARAGRAPH_ Thoroughbreds are often crossed with horses of other breeds to create new breeds or to enhance or introduce specific qualities into existing ones. They have been influential on many modern breeds, including the American Quarter Horse, the Standardbred, and possibly the Morgan, a breed that went on to influence many of the gaited breeds in North America. Other common crosses with the Thoroughbred include crossbreeding with Arabian bloodlines to produce the Anglo-Arabian as well as with the Irish Draught to produce the Irish Sport Horse. Thoroughbreds are often crossed with various Warmblood breeds due to their refinement and performance capabilities. _START_SECTION_ Health issues _START_PARAGRAPH_ Although Thoroughbreds are seen in the hunter-jumper world and in other disciplines, modern Thoroughbreds are primarily bred for speed, and racehorses have a very high rate of accidents as well as other health problems._NEWLINE_One tenth of all Thoroughbreds suffer orthopedic problems, including fractures. Current estimates indicate that there are 1.5 career-ending breakdowns for every 1,000 horses starting a race in the United States, an average of two horses per day. The state of California reported a particularly high rate of injury, 3.5 per 1000 starts. Other countries report lower rates of injury, with the United Kingdom having 0.9 injuries/1,000 starts (1990–1999) and the courses in Victoria, Australia, producing a rate of 0.44 injuries/1,000 starts (1989–2004). Thoroughbreds also have other health concerns, including a majority of animals who are prone to bleeding from the lungs (exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage), 10% with low fertility, and 5% with abnormally small hearts. Thoroughbreds also tend to have smaller hooves relative to their body mass than other breeds, with thin soles and walls and a lack of cartilage mass, which contributes to foot soreness, the most common source of lameness in racehorses. _START_SECTION_ Selective breeding _START_PARAGRAPH_ One argument for the health issues involving Thoroughbreds suggests that inbreeding is the culprit. It has also been suggested that capability for speed is enhanced in an already swift animal by raising muscle mass, a form of selective breeding that has created animals designed to win horse races. Thus, according to one postulation, the modern Thoroughbred travels faster than its skeletal structure can support. Veterinarian Robert Miller states that "We have selectively bred for speeds that the anatomy of the horse cannot always cope with."_NEWLINE_Poor breeding may be encouraged by the fact that many horses are sent to the breeding shed following an injury. If the injury is linked to a conformational fault, the fault is likely to be passed to the next generation. Additionally, some breeders will have a veterinarian perform straightening procedures on a horse with crooked legs. This can help increase the horse's price at a sale and perhaps help the horse have a sounder racing career, but the genes for poor legs will still be passed on. _START_SECTION_ Excess stress _START_PARAGRAPH_ A high accident rate may also occur because Thoroughbreds, particularly in the United States, are first raced as 2-year-olds, well before they are completely mature. Though they may appear full-grown and are in superb muscular condition, their bones are not fully formed. However, catastrophic injury rates are higher in 4- and 5-year-olds than in 2- and 3-year-olds. Some believe that correct, slow training of a young horse (including foals) may actually be beneficial to the overall soundness of the animal. This is because, during the training process, microfractures occur in the leg followed by bone remodeling. If the remodeling is given sufficient time to heal, the bone becomes stronger. If proper remodeling occurs before hard training and racing begins, the horse will have a stronger musculoskeletal system and will have a decreased chance of injury._NEWLINE_Studies have shown that track surfaces, horseshoes with toe grabs, use of certain legal medications, and high-intensity racing schedules may also contribute to a high injury rate. One promising trend is the development of synthetic surfaces for racetracks, and one of the first tracks to install such a surface, Turfway Park in Florence, Kentucky, saw its rate of fatal breakdowns drop from 24 in 2004–05 to three in the year following Polytrack installation. The material is not perfected, and some areas report problems related to winter weather, but studies are continuing. _START_SECTION_ Medical challenges _START_PARAGRAPH_ The level of treatment given to injured Thoroughbreds is often more intensive than for horses of lesser financial value but also controversial, due in part to the significant challenges in treating broken bones and other major leg injuries. Leg injuries that are not immediately fatal still may be life-threatening because a horse's weight must be distributed evenly on all four legs to prevent circulatory problems, laminitis, and other infections. If a horse loses the use of one leg temporarily, there is the risk that other legs will break down during the recovery period because they are carrying an abnormal weight load. While horses periodically lie down for brief periods of time, a horse cannot remain lying in the equivalent of a human's "bed rest" because of the risk of developing sores, internal damage, and congestion._NEWLINE_Whenever a racing accident severely injures a well-known horse, such as the major leg fractures that led to the euthanization of 2006 Kentucky Derby winner Barbaro, or 2008 Kentucky Derby runner-up Eight Belles, animal rights groups have denounced the Thoroughbred racing industry. On the other hand, advocates of racing argue that without horse racing, far less funding and incentives would be available for medical and biomechanical research on horses. Although horse racing is hazardous, veterinary science has advanced. Previously hopeless cases can now be treated, and earlier detection through advanced imaging techniques like scintigraphy can keep at-risk horses off the track.

12063230289619729614

Q2271136

_START_ARTICLE_ Threads of Life _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ Shadows Fall finished their contract on Century Media after the release of Fallout from the War, and signed with Atlantic Records for this release. The album was released outside of the U.S. through Roadrunner Records. This is the band's only album with these two record labels. The ballad "Another Hero Lost," was inspired by the death of Brian Fair's cousin, who was stationed in Iraq. _START_SECTION_ Recording _START_PARAGRAPH_ The band entered the studio during September, 2006, to begin recording the album. It was recorded at Dave Grohl's Studio 606 in Northridge, a community located in Los Angeles, California. The band overwrote for this album, and ended up bringing thirteen songs to the studio. According to Brain Fair, this was the first time the band had more than enough material for a record. Threads of Life was the first, and only, Shadows Fall album to be produced by Nick Raskulinecz, known for working with Foo Fighters and Velvet Revolver. Raskulinecz grew up listening to thrash metal, according to Fair, and thus fit well with the sound the band was looking to create. The deviation from Zeuss, who has produced most of the band's albums, was explained by bassist Paul Romanko in an interview:_NEWLINE_When Zeuss and I talked and we just kind of came to the conclusion that it was time to pull someone else in. We kind of felt like the idea’s pool had kind of dried up a little bit, we were finishing each other’s sentences._NEWLINE_The album was still mixed by Zeuss, allowing for some familiarity, and Romanko notes that it was Zeuss himself who originally suggested the change._NEWLINE_The label, Atlantic Records, had no influence musically on the album. The label did not hear the album until after it was mastered. In regards to the overall recording process, Fair commented, "We didn’t write a safe record." _START_SECTION_ Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ Threads of Life received positive reviews from critics. Alternative Press stated, "Threads of Life is the most unashamedly 'true' metal album any major label's released yet this year — and it's also one of the best." MetalSucks complimented the band's effort stating, "Threads of Life is exactly what you would expect from Shadows Fall — aggressive thrash riffing and Swedish death-metal inspired guitar interplay underneath Brian Fair’s assortment of screams, singing, and something halfway in between the two — only this time the band has refined their songwriting abilities even further and lets their ’80s hair metal influences hang out even more." The Phoenix added to this praise, "Threads of Life is rife with catchy, immaculately produced riffs, and singer Brian Fair has refined the gruff bellow heard on previous albums into a competently tuneful Hetfeldian growl; the call-and-response between Fair and the syrupy, multi-tracked clean singing of guitarist Matt Bachand sounds better than ever."_NEWLINE_Several critics addressed the more mainstream sound of the album. Blabbermouth provided a good summary, "The band has hit that very elusive line between broadening the appeal of the music and selling out completely – talk about the art of balance!" 411Mania added that "the production could of [sic] been a bit more gritty and had more of an edge to it." Perhaps the largest critic in this aspect was Vince Neilstein of MetalSucks, who criticized the "overwhelming presence of auto-tune on Brian Fair’s voice during the clean sung parts," concluding that it overly detracted from the listening experience._NEWLINE_"Redemption" received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Metal Performance during December, 2007. Brain Fair explained, "The song is a celebration of the power of music and the human voice as an agent of change and to have it recognized in such a way is incredible." The 50th Grammy Awards took place on February 12, 2008, with the award ultimately going to Slayer. Other nominees in the category were King Diamond, Machine Head, and As I Lay Dying.

11265310836656305109

Q2429694

_START_ARTICLE_ Three-center four-electron bond _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 3-center 4-electron (3c–4e) bond is a model used to explain bonding in certain hypervalent molecules such as tetratomic and hexatomic interhalogen compounds, sulfur tetrafluoride, the xenon fluorides, and the bifluoride ion. It is also known as the Pimentel–Rundle three-center model after the work published by George C. Pimentel in 1951, which built on concepts developed earlier by Robert E. Rundle for electron-deficient bonding. An extended version of this model is used to describe the whole class of hypervalent molecules such as phosphorus pentafluoride and sulfur hexafluoride as well as multi-center π-bonding such as ozone and sulfur trioxide. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ While the term "hypervalent" was not introduced in the chemical literature until 1969, Irving Langmuir and G. N. Lewis debated the nature of bonding in hypervalent molecules as early as 1921. While Lewis supported the viewpoint of expanded octet, invoking s-p-d hybridized orbitals and maintaining 2c–2e bonds between neighboring atoms, Langmuir instead opted for maintaining the octet rule, invoking an ionic basis for bonding in hypervalent compounds (see Hypervalent molecule, valence bond theory diagrams for PF₅ and SF₆)._NEWLINE_In a 1951 seminal paper, Pimentel rationalized the bonding in hypervalent trihalide ions (X⁻_NEWLINE_₃, X = F, Br, Cl, I) via a molecular orbital (MO) description, building on the concept of the "half-bond" introduced by Rundle in 1947. In this model, two of the four electrons occupy an all in-phase bonding MO, while the other two occupy a non-bonding MO, leading to an overall bond order of 0.5 between adjacent atoms (see Molecular orbital description)._NEWLINE_More recent theoretical studies on hypervalent molecules support the Langmuir view, confirming that the octet rule serves as a good first approximation to describing bonding in the s- and p-block elements. _START_SECTION_ Molecular orbital description _START_PARAGRAPH_ The σ molecular orbitals (MOs) of triiodide can be constructed by considering the in-phase and out-of-phase combinations of the central atom's p orbital (collinear with the bond axis) with the p orbitals of the peripheral atoms. This exercise generates the diagram at right (Figure 1). Three molecular orbitals result from the combination of the three relevant atomic orbitals, with the four electrons occupying the two MOs lowest in energy – a bonding MO delocalized across all three centers, and a non-bonding MO localized on the peripheral centers. Using this model, one sidesteps the need to invoke hypervalent bonding considerations at the central atom, since the bonding orbital effectively consists of two 2-center-1-electron bonds (which together do not violate the octet rule), and the other two electrons occupy the non-bonding orbital. _START_SECTION_ Valence bond (natural bond orbital) description _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the natural bond orbital viewpoint of 3c–4e bonding, the triiodide anion is constructed from the combination of the diiodine (I₂) σ molecular orbitals and an iodide (I⁻) lone pair. The I⁻ lone pair acts as a 2-electron donor, while the I₂ σ* antibonding orbital acts as a 2-electron acceptor. Combining the donor and acceptor in in-phase and out-of-phase combinations results in the diagram depicted at right (Figure 2). Combining the donor lone pair with the acceptor σ* antibonding orbital results in an overall lowering in energy of the highest-occupied orbital (ψ₂). While the diagram depicted in Figure 2 shows the right-hand atom as the donor, an equivalent diagram can be constructed using the left-hand atom as the donor. This bonding scheme is succinctly summarized by the following two resonance structures: I—I···I⁻ ↔ I⁻···I—I (where "—" represents a single bond and "···" represents a weak interaction with effective bond order of 0), which when averaged reproduces the I—I bond order of 0.5 obtained both from natural bond orbital analysis and from molecular orbital theory._NEWLINE_More recent theoretical investigations suggest the existence of a novel type of donor-acceptor interaction that may dominate in triatomic species with so-called "inverted electronegativity"; that is, a situation in which the central atom is more electronegative than the peripheral atoms. Molecules of theoretical curiosity such as neon difluoride (NeF₂) and berylium dilithide (BeLi₂) represent examples of inverted electronegativity. As a result of unusual bonding situation, the donor lone pair ends up with significant electron density on the central atom, while the acceptor is the "out-of-phase" combination of the p orbitals on the peripheral atoms. This bonding scheme is depicted in Figure 3 for the theoretical noble gas dihalide NeF₂. _START_SECTION_ SN2 transition state modeling _START_PARAGRAPH_ The valence bond description and accompanying resonance structures A—B···C⁻ ↔ A⁻···B—C suggest that molecules exhibiting 3c–4e bonding can serve as models for studying the transition states of bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions.

12509609537475872085

Q7798796

_START_ARTICLE_ Thumb Bible _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The first known Thumb Bible was written by John Weever in verse form. Entitled An Agnus Dei, it appeared in London in 1601. It measured 3.3 by 2.7 cm (1.3 by 1.1 in) and contained 128 pages of six lines. In 1614, John Taylor published his Verbum Sempiternum, which also summarised the Bible in verse form. These were designed to provide instruction to children who were not old enough to read the Bible itself. The first Thumb Bible in prose was published in London in 1727, under the title Biblia or a Practical Summary of ye Old & New Testaments. This contained 300 pages and measured 3.6 by 2.4 cm (1.4 by 0.9 in)._NEWLINE_The term 'Thumb Bible' was first coined by Longman and Co. of London in the mid-nineteenth century, when they used it on the title page of an edition in 1849. Thumb Bibles continued to be printed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Approximately 300 different editions survive. As well as being published in English, versions were printed in French, German and Dutch.

1856272915038019852

Q10939614

_START_ARTICLE_ Tianxin Pavilion _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tianxin Pavilion was first built in the early Ming dynasty (1368–1644)._NEWLINE_In 1746, namely the 11th year of Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Yang Xibei (杨锡被) rebuilt on the site. Chengnan Academy (城南书院) equally famous along with Yuelu Academy was moved under the city wall of Tianxin Pavilion. _START_SECTION_ Taiping Rebellion _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1852, namely the 2nd year of Xianfeng period (1851–1861), led by Hong Xiuquan, the overwhelming Taiping army constantly defeated the Qing army and occupied cities._NEWLINE_On September 12, thousands of the Taiping troops gathered outside Changsha, the leader who commanded the army to attack Changsha was the West King Xiao Chaogui._NEWLINE_On September 13, Xiao ordered Li Kaifang and others to command 3,000 Taiping troops to constantly throw fire arrows and fire bombs into the city. Fire broke out everywhere in the city. Officials organized common people to save themselves while all the soldiers of the Qing army in the city climbed the city wall and were about to block the Taiping army who attacked the city in turmoil. But the Taiping army didn't attack the city, they just threw fire arrows into the city and didn't intend to climb the city wall until it got dark. At the same time, another batch of the Taiping army sneaked into the foot of the south city wall where Tianxin Pavilion was seated, and tensely dug many holes at the foot of the city wall to place mines and gunpowder. The defending troops on the city wall paid their attention to fire arrows that flew from the outside of the city and didn't spot the Taiping army at the foot of the city wall._NEWLINE_In the morning of September 14, the Taiping army suddenly blew the bugles. After that, drums were sounded and guns were fired. 5,000 soldiers launched the attack formerly and set up countless ladder from the wall outside the south gate. The Taiping army soldiers carried broadswords and climbed up, but were chopped by the defending troops and fell down one by one. At that moment, thunderous explosive sounds were heard at the foot of the city wall. The gunpowder buried under the wall blew up and blasted two openings which were 10-metre (33 ft) or 13-metre (43 ft) wide in the city wall. Thousands of soldiers shouted, flocking to the openings. Hundreds of the Taiping troops soon rushed into the city. The Taiping soldiers outside the city were also flocking to there. Just when the defending troops in the city panicked, 3,000 reinforcements from Chuxiong City of Yunnan arrived in time and rushed to the Taiping army from outside the city. The Taiping army couldn't figure out the number of the reinforcements at once and worried that they might be besieged. Xiao transmitted orders to withdraw troops._NEWLINE_As the reinforcements of the Qing army in Changsha increased constantly, both sides were in the stage of stalemate. But as the number of the Qing troops in the city increased and grains stored were consumed and running out. Some grain merchants seized the opportunity to raise the prices. It was very difficult for common people to buy grains too. Even riots broke out in some places. To prevent the famine victims from rising in rebellion, Zuo Zongtang, the then assistant to Grand Coordinate Zhang Liangji recommended using the secret tunnel under Tianxin Pavilion. The secret tunnel led to the outside of the city and was dug for emergency needs long before the arrival of the Taiping army. Zhang Liangji immediately organized officials in the city to get out of the city and collect grains together with grain merchants and appointed the army to escort the grains at night. In 10 days, a lot of grains were transported to the city from the tunnel of Tianxin Pavilion to solve the food shortage in the city. There was no shortage of provisions in the city, but the Taiping army had no intention of withdrawing._NEWLINE_One day, Zhang Liangji met alternate magistrate of Shaanxi Jiang Zhongyuan who came to rescue in Tianxin Pavilion. When discussing the battle, Jiang expressed his views and then put forward advice on the next combat. Pointing at the topgraphic map of Changsha hung on the wall, Jiang said: "Tianxin Pavilion in the south of the city is the command height of Changsha. Strong firepower should be arranged there to control the outside of the south gate. It the King of cannon weighing 5,000 jin inside Changsha city is moved to Tianxin Pavilion, it well benefit the progress of the battle a lot." Hearing this, Zhang Liangji handled it immediately. And the King of cannon was key to turning the battle around._NEWLINE_In October, by order of the Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan, the North King Wei Changhui of the Taiping army commanded 10,000 troops and hurried to the south gate of Changsha at double speed. They discussed and decided to launch an all-out attack. After the redeployment of Jiang Zhongyuan and others, their defense was fortified. The King of cannon was also carried to Tianxin Pavilion and destroyed all the houses outside the south of the city, making the Taiping army loses the places to hide themselves and making them suffer a serious loss. At that time, Xiao Chaogui thought the main reason why their attack failed was that they didn't destroy the cannons of the Qing army in Tianxin Pavilion. Therefore, he though that before they attack the city again they must destroy Tianxin Pavilion first in order to make the south gate lose its support. He focused the attack on Tianxin Pavilion first. The Tomb of Lord Cai (蔡公坟) on the other side of Tianxin Pavilion was the commanding height in areas in the outer city of the south gate._NEWLINE_The next day Xiao Chaogui braved the gunfire and flying stones, mounted a horse in front and commanded the troops to attack the Tomb of Lord Cai. Suddenly the cannons in Tianxin Pavilion were sounded. The King of cannon first destroyed the headquarters of the Taiping army. With a loud boom heard, Xiao fainted and fell off the horse. Guards hurried to help him up. As his head was full of blood and the corners of hismouth trembled, he couldn't speak. The soldiers immediately carried him to the rear. Knowing that the chief commander was badly wounded by the bomb, the Taiping army which was attacking was thrown into confusion. Seeing that, Shi Dakai hurried to order soldiers to beat the gongs and withdraw the army. Xiao Chaogui, who was carried off the battlefield, died of a serious injury. After that, the Taiping army repeatedly attacked the city and failed and retreated at the end of November that year. Changsha which held up for 81 days was the only city which wasn't captured since the Taiping army entered and fought in Hunan._NEWLINE_After Xianfeng Emperor heard that, he issued an imperial decree and bestowed on the King of cannon the "Red Robe General" (红袍大将军). Tianxin Pavilion was slightly damaged during the war. _START_SECTION_ 1938 Changsha fire (Wenxi Fire) _START_PARAGRAPH_ On 7 July 1937, after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, as the Imperial Japanese Army drove straight in, large quantities of people in the coastal and occupied areas moved to Changsha. It was then that a devastating disaster was approaching Changsha._NEWLINE_On 25 October 1938, Wuhan annexed by the Imperial Japanese Army, the rear base Hunan was turned into the front of the Second Sino-Japanese War._NEWLINE_On November 7, holding a military meeting in Changsha, Chiang Kai-shek said that all strategic materials that were not evacuated in time and ground architecture were used by the enemy after Wuhan fell. which fueled the strength of the enemy. Chiang Kai-shek directly telegraphed to Zhang Zhizhong, the then governor of Hunan government to tell him that if Changsha fell, (he) must burn and destroy the whole city. Zhang Zhizhong drew up a plan of burning the city. As Tianxin Pavilion was located at the highest point of the ancient city Changsha, it was undoubtedly chosen as the sign point ofsetting on fire._NEWLINE_Late at the night of November 12, outside of the south gate of Changsha, a hospital for wounded soldiers caught fire accidentally. As the geographical location and height of the hospital were nearly the same as those of Tianxin Pavilion. At the sight of the fire, team members that were assigned everywhere in the city to set on fire misunderstood it as the fire signal of Tianxin Pavilion, so they lit up fire at the same time. Before long, the entire Changsha city was on fire. Tianxin Pavilion stood loftily on the city wall was not immune from the fire. The fire rose up around the main building of Tianxin Pavilion. In less than one hour, Tianxin Pavilion was engulfed by the fire. The big fire burnt for five whole nights and five whole days, from the city wall of Tianxin Pavilion, there were dozens of meters of broken walls and debris everywhere which was miserable. As the code of the telegram on 12th was "Wen" (文), and the fire was set up at night, Xi (夕) means night, the fire was referred by people as "Wenxi Fire". Although Changsha was burnt and destroyed by Wenxi Fire, but it didn't stop the Imperial Japanese Army's attacks on Changsha. From September 1939 to December 1941, they massively attacked Changsha for three times. _START_SECTION_ Reconstruction _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1981, the CPC Changsha Municipal Committee and the Municipal Government of Changsha organized the reconstruction of Tianxin Pavilion. The construction took four years, and lasted from 1981 to 1984. On December 1, 1984, the project was completed. To honor the officials and soldiers that died in the Second Sino-Japanese War, all sections of society donated enthusiastically to build a memorial building complex consisting Chonglie Tower (崇烈塔), Chonglie Gate (崇烈门) and Chonglie Pavilion (崇烈亭) by the side of Tianxin Pavilion. _START_SECTION_ Architecture _START_PARAGRAPH_ The tone of Tianxin Pavilion is dignified and powerful, and the style abandons the flourish and saves the primitive simplicity. The Tianxin Pavilion consists of the main pavilion, the south and north auxiliary pavilions, which known as Nanping (南屏) and Beigong (北拱). There are 62 Chinese guardian lions on the balustrade. The height of the three–stories main pavilion is 14.6 m (48 ft) and the height of the two–stories auxiliary pavilion are 10 m (33 ft). Connected by a long corridor in the middle. _START_SECTION_ Chonglie Pavilion _START_PARAGRAPH_ Chonglie Pavilion was built in 1946, its origin were Wupao Pavilion (午炮亭) and the National Humiliation Memorial Pavilion (国耻纪念亭). The pavilion is octagonal supported by 16 immense pillars. Under the eaves is a plaque with the Chinese characters "(崇烈亭)" written by Chiang Kai-shek. _START_SECTION_ Chonglie Gate _START_PARAGRAPH_ Chonglie Gate was built in 1946 with granite. It was donated by Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng and Zhang Zhizhong. It is 8.5 m (28 ft) wide and 5.9 m (19 ft) high. Two couplet was engraved on the two side pillars. It says "氣吞胡羯，勇衛山河" and "犯難而忘其死，所欲有甚於生". The gate was completely destroyed in the Cultural Revolution and rebuilt in 2006. _START_SECTION_ Chonglie Tower _START_PARAGRAPH_ Chonglie Tower also known as "White Tower" (白塔). It was built in 1946. The 6 m (20 ft) tall, hexagonal-based Chinese tower is made of granite.

9071492428598099615

Q3991144

_START_ARTICLE_ Tibula _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tibula (Greek: Τιβουλα, Ptol.), was an ancient town of Sardinia, near the northern extremity of the island, which appears to have been the customary landing-place for travelers coming from Corsica; for which reason the Itineraries give no less than four lines of route, taking their departure from Tibula as a starting-point. (Itin. Ant. pp. 78-83.) _START_SECTION_ Location _START_PARAGRAPH_ Its position is a matter of great uncertainty. That assigned to it by Ptolemy would place it on the site of Castelsardo (province of Sassari) on the north coast of the island, and only about 30 km from Porto Torres, but this is wholly incompatible with the statements of the Itineraries, and must certainly be erroneous. Indeed, Ptolemy himself places the Tibulati or Tibulates or Tibulatii (Τιβουλάτιοι), who must have been closely connected with the town of that name, in the extreme north of the island (Ptol. iii. 3. § 6), and all the data derived from the Itineraries concur in the same result. The position assigned it by De la Marmora, and adopted by Smith is the port or small bay called Porto di Lungo Sardo, almost close to the northernmost point of the island, the Errebantium Promontorium of Ptolemy. (De la Marmora, Voy. en Sardaigne, vol. ii. pp. 421-32, where the whole question is fully examined and discussed.) The editors of the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World place Tibula at Santa Teresa Gallura (province of Olbia-Tempio).

12253796587356037043

Q4250974

_START_ARTICLE_ Tifatul Sembiring _START_SECTION_ Life and Family _START_PARAGRAPH_ His father is Karo and moved to Bukittinggi where he married a Minangkabau woman. Tifatul is the head of the big family in Guguak Tabek Sarojo, Agam, West Sumatra by the title Datuk Tumangguang. He is married to Sri Rahayu and has seven children: Sabriana, Fathan, Ibrahim, Yusuf, Fatimah, Muhammad and Abdurrahman Sembiring. _START_SECTION_ Controversy _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 2009, he blamed immorality for a Sumatra earthquake and other natural disasters. As he addressed a Friday prayer meeting in Padang, Sumatra, the minister said "there were many television programmes that destroyed morals. Therefore, natural disasters would continue to occur."_NEWLINE_His ambition to filter the internet for 'negative' content, shelved in early 2010 in the face of broad opposition, may be revived after a celebrity sex scandal centred on Ariel (Nazril Irham), which Sembiring controversially linked to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The move apparently has the backing of then-president Dr Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and would involve a blacklist of offensive material monitored by a special task force, which gave birth to the controversial 'Internet Positif.'_NEWLINE_He has also linked pornography to HIV/Aids and said that funding to fight the disease was a waste of money, also stating that the widespread availability of Indonesian pornography, mostly featuring students, caused natural disasters. He was much criticized for quoting Adolf Hitler on his Twitter page, posting "the union between two children, when both of them complete each other, this is magic - Adolf Hitler". He was questioned by Indonesian Twitter users for shaking the hand of U.S. First Lady Michelle Obama during her husband's November 2010 trip to Indonesia. His hesitation in condemning the kidnapping of 276 girls by the terrorist group Boko Haram in Nigeria drew criticism and raises question at his suitability to serve in the government._NEWLINE_In May 2014, the Communication Minister tweeted from his personal account that video sharing site Vimeo would be banned. Citing Indonesia’s controversial anti-pornography law, passed in 2008, the minister said the site included displays of “nudity or nudity-like features”. The ban came at a moment when films made in Indonesia had begun to attract attention on the world stage, with Joshua Oppenheimer’s “The Act of Killing” joining the ranks of the most acclaimed documentaries of all time._NEWLINE_On 26 February 2016, he tweeted from his personal account quoting Islamic hadith that promotes killing people who practice homosexuality. This sparked criticism from general public, Muslim scholars and human rights advocates due to growing intolerance towards LGBT community in Indonesia. He responded to the critics by calling them anti prophet Mohammed and anti Quran, but eventually deleted the post yet remained unapologetic. _START_SECTION_ Legislator _START_PARAGRAPH_ Sembiring had been elected three times into the People's Representative Council, firstly in the 2009 election where he represented North Sumatra's first electoral district. He was reelected there in 2014, and again in 2019. In the 2019 legislature, Sembiring was the chair of the Prosperous Justice Party's faction.

3982025425152040151

Q273760

_START_ARTICLE_ Tiffany Limos _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tiffany Limos was born in Dallas, Texas. _START_SECTION_ Career _START_PARAGRAPH_ At 16, Limos began modeling for the Ford agency and appeared in teen magazines like Sassy and YM. She subsequently quit modeling and worked as a hostess at the Coffee Shop in Manhattan's Union Square. She worked at Visionaire and "V" magazine as a creative consultant in 1999. That same year Limos wrote a script for Larry Clark called American Girl From Texas that Clark has often cited as his dream project._NEWLINE_In 2012, Limos appeared in Raya Martin's film The Great Cinema Party which was a part of that year's Jeonju Digital Project. Larry Clark Alumna, actress and filmmaker, Limos In 2013 directed Academy Award Winning Director Michel Gondry for Nowness.com Limos collaborated with Michel Gondry for a decade and helped him on such projects as The Block Party, The Science of Sleep, and produced a video for Kanye West called Heard'em Say. Limos apprenticed and worked for Larry Clark, Quentin Tarantino, Michel Gondry, Woody Allen, and Spike Lee.

1885272735690236842

Q1562681

_START_ARTICLE_ Tilman Baumgärtel _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tilman Baumgärtel (born 1966, Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany) is a German author, media theorist and journalist. He is currently professor of media theory (department design) at the University of Applied Sciences, Mainz. _START_SECTION_ Life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tilman Baumgärtel has published books on media culture, Internet art, computer games, and Independent cinema in Southeast Asia. From 2005 to 2009 he taught at the University of the Philippines in Manila media and film studies. From 2009 to 2012, he taught at the Royal University of Phnom Penh in Cambodia at the Department of Media and Communication. Currently he is professor for media theory at the Hochschule Mainz._NEWLINE_His most recent publications is Texte zur Theorie des Internets. _NEWLINE_He is currently in charge of a DFG-research project on the art group Van Gogh TV and their documenta project Piazza Virtuale. _NEWLINE_As a journalist he has been writing since the early 1990s for the Berlin daily die tageszeitung, Die Zeit, the Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Telepolis, the Berliner Zeitung and other German and international newspapers and magazines. Tilman Baumgärtel has two children.

1988415336198070620

Q21996956

_START_ARTICLE_ Tim Forster _START_SECTION_ Family background and early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Forster was born at Cold Ashby Hall, Cold Ashby in Northamptonshire on 27 February 1934. He was the son of Lieutenant-Colonel Douglas Forster, who as a racehorse owner had won the Wokingham Stakes at Ascot in 1957 with Light Harvest._NEWLINE_He was educated at Eton College and went into the military with the 11th Hussars from 1954 to 1960. He served in Malaya, Cumbria and Northern Ireland and because of this he was commonly known as "The Captain" within racing circles. _START_SECTION_ Riding career _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1957, Forster travelled from the 11th Hussars barracks in Carlisle, Cumbria to ride a winner at the Vale of the White Horse ("VWH") Hunt's point-to-point meeting at Siddington, Gloucestershire. Forster rode four winners as an amateur under National Hunt rules. _START_SECTION_ Training career _START_PARAGRAPH_ When he left the services, he moved to Newmarket in Suffolk as pupil to trainer Geoffrey Brooke. Forster then became Assistant Trainer to Derrick Candy. By August 1962 he became a Licensed Trainer and just a year later he moved from his original yard at Kingston Lisle, in Oxfordshire where he had a few boxes owned by a farmer friend, Colin Nash. When trainer Tom Yates retired due to ill health, he took over the stables at the Old Manor House in Letcombe Bassett near Lambourn in Berkshire._NEWLINE_Just one year later in 1963, Forster celebrated his first winner at the Cheltenham Festival in the United Hunts Challenge Cup with Baulking Green. Forster went on to win the same race with Baulking Green again in 1964, 1965 and 1967. _START_SECTION_ Grand National winners _START_PARAGRAPH_ Forster had three Grand National (Grade 3) winners. His first was in the 1972 Grand National with Well To Do. Forster had bought the unbroken three-year-old for just over GB£700 in 1966 on behalf of one of his chief racehorse owners, Heather Summer. When she died of cancer, she left him the choice of any of her horses in her will. Forster chose her favourite horse, Well To Do. When Well To Do won the Grand National, Forster became the first trainer and owner to win the race since the World War II. _NEWLINE_Forster's second victory in the Grand National came with the American horse Ben Nevis II (1968–1995) in the 1980 Grand National. In the United Kingdom, the horse was known simply as Ben Nevis. Ben Nevis II was bred in England by A. S. Pattenden. The horse fell in his first two races but won his third start. This was enough for Ben Nevis II to be purchased by the American owner Redmond Stewart for US$6,900. Stewart moved the Ben Nevis over the United States to his son-in-law, Charlie Fenwick, Jnr to train. Ben Nevis II started racing in the United States in 1976 and won seven consecutive races included two victories in the Maryland Hunt Cup in 1977 and 1978 and five point-to-point events._NEWLINE_Ben Nevis II was sent to England to train with Forster for the 1979 Grand National, but fell at the 15th fence (The Chair). A year later in the 1980 Grand National Ben Nevis II, ridden by Charlie Fenwick Jnr, broke clear of the field to win by twenty lengths. It was Ben Nevis II's only victory in 12 starts in England. The horse became only the third American-based horse, along with Battleship and Jay Trump, to win the Grand National. Ben Nevis II retired after his victory with earnings of US$124,199. He lived the remainder of his life on Fenwick's farm back in Maryland, where he died in 1995 at the age of 27. Ben Nevis II was inducted into the America's National Museum of Racing's Hall of Fame in 2009._NEWLINE_Forster's third and final Grand National winner was Last Suspect, who was owned by the Duchess of Westminster. She had also owned Foinavon (winner of the 1967 Grand National and Arkle (winner of the Cheltenham Gold Cup (1964, 1965, 1966). Last Suspect was said to be "moody, unreliable, disinterested". During the race at Warwick prior to the 1985 Grand National, the 11-year-old gelding pulled himself up. Forster and the Duchess of Westminster only ran him in the race at the insistence of his jockey Hywel Davies. Last Suspect won by 1​¹⁄₂ lengths in front of Mr Snugfit and the 1983 Grand National winner Corbiere coming in third. _START_SECTION_ Death _START_PARAGRAPH_ When Forster retired in 1998 he was suffering from a cancer of the bone marrow. He had also been fighting multiple sclerosis for a number of years. Forster had trained 1,346 winners in total on a full licence. He died in Ludlow, Shropshire on 21 April 1999. _START_SECTION_ Awards _START_PARAGRAPH_ Forster received an Order of the British Empire ("OBE") in the 1999 New Year Honours List for services to Horse Racing, which were announced on 31 December 1998.

4202279123823766510

Q7804313

_START_ARTICLE_ Tim Sommer _START_SECTION_ Music career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Prior to forming Hugo Largo, Sommer hosted Noise the Show, a pioneering New York City-based hardcore punk radio show aired during 1981-82 on WNYU._NEWLINE_Sommer was a member of the Glenn Branca Ensemble, and played alongside Sonic Youth's Thurston Moore in the New York City punk rock band Even Worse. He was also an original member of Swans, but never performed live with them._NEWLINE_Hugo Largo (1984–89) was an American musical group known for their unique lineup of two bass guitars, a violin and singer/performance artist Mimi Goese. They released two albums in the late 1980s on Brian Eno's Opal Records label._NEWLINE_Sommer had a small speaking role in Tougher Than Leather, a 1988 feature film starring Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys and other acts from the mid-1980s New York City hip hop movement._NEWLINE_He was a member of the New Orleans-based Hi-Fi Sky, who released Music for Synchronized Swimming in Space in 2005._NEWLINE_Sommer began working with New York City-based rock band the Indecent in 2008, in collaboration with Stuart Chatwood (formerly of the Tea Party), and produced their self-released debut album, Her Screwed Up Head (2010). In the late summer of 2010, along with Julian Raymond, he produced post-album demos for the Indecent which led to the group being signed to Warner Bros. Records._NEWLINE_Since 2010, Sommer has been working on his own project, titled Uncommon Folk, focusing on electric slowcore interpretations of traditional American folk songs, and featuring guest vocals by Glen Campbell, Mavis Staples, Blind Boys of Alabama, Jakob Dylan and Robin Zander. _START_SECTION_ Journalism career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Sommer joined the staff of Trouser Press at the age of 16 in 1978._NEWLINE_Sommer wrote for the Village Voice between 1980 and 1984 and worked closely with music editor Robert Christgau; according to journalist Michael Azerrad, in his book Our Band Could Be Your Life, Sommer was the inspiration for the lyrics of the Sonic Youth song "Kill Yr Idols", in which Moore questioned his friend Sommer's respect for Christgau._NEWLINE_In 1989, Sommer hosted MTV's Post-Modern MTV, a five-nights-per-week late-night show devoted to alternative music. He was also a senior producer and news correspondent for MTV News. From 1990 to 1992, Sommer ran VH1's music news department, and was the exclusive host for their on-air news programming. _START_SECTION_ A&R career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Sommer began working for the A&R department of Atlantic Records shortly after he left VH1. His first signing for the label was the Gits, but their lead singer Mia Zapata was murdered four days after the deal to sign the band was completed._NEWLINE_Later in 1993, Sommer discovered Hootie & the Blowfish and signed them to the label that August._NEWLINE_Sommer also worked with 7 Year Bitch, Michael Crawford, Duncan Sheik and Scott Weiland. He was also involved in the early careers of both the Beastie Boys and Kara's Flowers, producing three tracks for the latter in the summer of 2000, shortly before the group changed their name to Maroon 5. These tracks remain unreleased.

10834381933448174142

Q14707479

_START_ARTICLE_ Times Square Theater _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Times Square Theater was built in 1920 by the Selwyn brothers from a design by Eugene De Rosa. It was one of three theaters they built and controlled on 42nd Street, including the Apollo and the Selwyn. It opened on September 30, 1920, with Florence Reed starring in The Mirage._NEWLINE_G.K. Chesterton spoke on the topic "Shall We Abolish the Inevitable?" at the theater in 1921._NEWLINE_Battling Butler, the basis for the Buster Keaton film of the same name, transferred from the Selwyn to the Times Square in 1924. Notable shows presented at the Times Square included the original New York productions of The Front Page by Hecht and MacArthur in 1928, George and Ira Gershwin's Strike Up the Band in 1930 and Noël Coward's Private Lives starring Coward and Gertrude Lawrence in 1931._NEWLINE_Only three years after Private Lives, the Times Square was converted to a cinema. It would remain in operation as a movie theater until the early 1990s, when it closed. The final scene of the 1980 motion picture Times Square was filmed at the Times Square Theater, with Robin Johnson's character performing a "midnight concert" atop the theater's marquee._NEWLINE_The City and State of New York took possession of the Times Square Theater in 1990. In 1992, it was one of six 42nd Street theaters to come under the protection of the New 42nd Street organization. It was not immediately restored or renovated, as the theater lacks any entrances not directly on 42nd Street, rendering it more difficult to use for loading of scenery and props. _START_SECTION_ Development proposals _START_PARAGRAPH_ Since 1992, the theater has been the focus of a number of development proposals that were later abandoned. Canadian production company Live Entertainment Corporation of Canada briefly considered a redevelopment project in 1998. MTV and Marvel Mania also considered redeveloping the property._NEWLINE_In 2005, the Times Square Theater was leased to Eckō Unltd., which planned to make it a store for clothing and other urban youth market items. In 2009, the company walked away from its lease._NEWLINE_In 2012, a group called Broadway 4D Theaters, LLC signed a long term lease to make the theater home to a "4D" film presentation called Broadway Sensation, dedicated to the history of Broadway. The presentation was to be produced by lawyer Robert Kory and producer/director Gary Goddard and the theater renovated to house it. The attraction was expected to open in spring 2015, however on May 28, 2014 it was reported that the project had been canceled due to financial troubles. In August 2015, Elie Samaha and Donald Kushner announced they purchased the assets of Broadway 4D Theaters and would continue the project._NEWLINE_In March 2015, the New York Post reported that the British-based Ambassador Theatre Group, which controls the adjacent Lyric Theatre, was in negotiations to take over management of the building, converting it back into a Broadway theater after completing renovations. Later, in 2016, the Post reported speculation that Oracle Projects International of Singapore was interested in the theater as a space for special events. In fall 2018, developers announced the venue would be converted to retail space that would retain the proscenium, boxes, and many elements from the original structure. The work would take approximately two years at a cost of $100 million.

3483523224120960887

Q16206051

_START_ARTICLE_ Timi Abibu Lagunju _START_PARAGRAPH_ Timi Abibu Lagunju was one of the eminent Yoruba monarchs and leaders of the 19th century. He made history not only as the first Muslim Timi that Ede produced, he also belonged to the first generation of Yoruba Muslims who held high political office in the pre-colonial era and who used their positions to enhance the growth of his town, Ede and his religion, Islam. Indeed, Abibu Lagunju was also the first Muslim Oba in Yorubaland given the fact that he was already on the throne for a few years when, in November 1857, the American Baptist Missionary, Reverend W.H. Clarke, visited Ede. This position is further buttressed by the fact that other Yoruba Muslim strongholds only produced their Muslim Obas at a much later date: Lamuye of Iwo in 1860, Momodu Latoosa of Ibadan in 1871, Iyanda Oloko of Epe in 1875, Ewi Ajimudaoro Aladesanmi I of Ado Ekiti in 1892, Aseyin "Noo" (Nuruddin) of Iseyin in 1895, Alaafin Lawani Agogoja of New Oyo in 1905 and Awujale Adeona Fusigboye of Ijebu-Ode in 1906. Lagunju was certainly a force to reckon with in the history of Islam in Ede._NEWLINE_Timi Lagunju also deserves historical attention because he was certainly one of the most outstanding personalities and warrior-rulers of the 19th century Yorubaland. He knew personally and was well acquainted with most Yoruba military, political and religious leaders of note between 1840 and 1900. Lagunju's era is also worthy of study because he was the most enigmatic Timi to have ruled Ede since the 19th century till date. He set the record of being the only Timi to have been dethroned thrice, got himself reinstated twice but eventually lost out on the third count. _START_SECTION_ Biography _START_PARAGRAPH_ Timi Abibu (Sangolami) (O)lagunju was born before 1817 to the Oduniyi-Olagunju royal household of Ede, the descendant of Lalemo dynasty in Osun State. He was given the name Sangolami by his parents who were Sango (god of thunder) devotees because his birth was bizarre as he held a thunder stone in his left hand and a piece of paper with Qur'anic inscription on it in his right hand. This prompted the family, as it was practice among the Yoruba in those days to consult the Ifa oracle whenever a baby was born to the family, especially with strange event. The Oduniyi-Olagunju family consulted the oracle and they were told that the boy would be a ruler and added a clause that he would switch his father’s traditional religion to a strange religion of Arab. This prophecy angered the reigning Timi then, so he ordered that the boy be beheaded, but his father Oduniyi prevented that to happen. In his youth, he left Ede for Ilorin where he embraced Islam. When he returned to Ede, he drew opposition from some residents in Ede and he moved to a location far from the main centre of the town. In the new location, he practised Islam with a few other adherents. It is on record that despite his many travail, he remained the longest serving Timi, having reigned for 60 years before he died at a ripe age of 90 years. _START_SECTION_ Lagunju Years On The Throne _START_PARAGRAPH_ Sangolami Abibu Lagunju was certainly born before 1817 when the New Ede was established by Timi Kubolaje Agbonran. Existing traditions also indicate that Abibu Lagubju succeeded Timi Ojo Arohanran, the reigning Timi at the outbreak of Batedo War (involving Ibadan and Ijaiye) of 1844. And given Olunlade's account that Timi Ojo Arohanran "spent about three years on the throne," and that the stool of the Timi was vacant for nine years after Arohanran's death, it is plausible to suggest that Lagunju was crowned the Timi around 1855/ 1856._NEWLINE_Revd. W.H. Clarke and Prof. J. F. Ade-Ajayi have, in fact, lent credence to this suggestion. During Clarke’s visit to Ede in November 1857, as evidence in the latter’s book as thus:_NEWLINE_... This young follower of the Prophet (Muhammad), a short time since, became the ruler of this town in the place of his father, the deceased, and brings with him into office, the influence of his new religion...._NEWLINE_In the aftermath of the fall of Old Oyo, J.F. Ade-Ajayi, authoritatively writes thus: By 1858, the Timi of Ede was a Muslim... Beyond the testimonies of Clarke and Ade-Ajayi, both Ede and Ibadan traditions also record that Timi Abibu Lagunju was on the throne during the tenure of Basorun Ogunmola of Ibadan (1856-1867), and precisely that Ogunmola intervened in Ede politics when Lagunju was first dethroned. It is recorded that Ogunmola installed Olunloye in place of Lagunju. Ede traditions as preserved by Olunlade further records that Timi Lagunju dethroned two Timis - Olunloye and Lansebe, who were crowned in his place during the first two depositions with the support of Aare Momodu Latoosa (1871-1885), and that Olunloye, in particular, was dethroned shortly before the outbreak of the Kiriji War in 1878. However, it can safely be put that Lagunju's third and final deposition was in 1892, given the traditions that his successor, Timi Mosunloye "reigned for seven years" and that Mosunloye's successor too, Timi Oyelekan, "ascended the throne in 1899." And, finally, Samuel Johnson, Kemi Morgan and Olunlade recorded that Lagunju died in exile in Ibadan in 1900. To- that extent, there is an overwhelming evidence that the period 1855-1900 could be rightly regarded as the "Lagunju Years."_NEWLINE_One unassailable fact about Timi Lagunju was that he made history as the first Muslim Oba in nineteenth century Yorubaland. When W. H. Clarke visited Ede during Lagunju's reign (in 1857), he reported that Islam was enjoying royal patronage and support. Apart§ from Timi Lagunju whom Clarke described as a "tolerant Muslim" and "young follower of the prophet (Muhammad)," he also had interview ". . . with a company of civil Muhammedans ... one of whom is a man from Hausaland engaged in the silk trade, and possessed some information..." He also reports that one of the elders who gave the vote of thanks on his departure was a "Muhammedan." He further stress on the grandeur of Ede monarchy:_NEWLINE_... Having given some proof of their skill in the evolution of African dancing, I was led off in haste to the house of Daodu or prince, who was to receive me previous to visiting the chief. I was about entering his compound when I heard a pearl of four guns and a rush towards me with a shout as I advanced into the rear. Such as strange and unusual welcome I did not immediately understand. This was my salute of welcome. Thus, some idea of the civilized reception of honored guests had made its way this far into Africa. This kind prince into whose hands I had fallen soon pointed me out an airy and comfortable apartment, from which I could, for the most part, exclude the noisy crowd and vacant gazers, when rest and retirement were demanded and yet enjoyed a sufficiency of air. What a privilege in an African town. About three, o'clock, after enjoying a little rest, I was conducted by the Daodu to the residence of his elder brother, the chief..._NEWLINE_One other noteworthy aspect of the career of Timi Lagunju was his attempt to implement Islamic code of law, the Shari’ah, as he understood it in the running of state affairs. One of his intentions in using the Shari’ah was to purge Islam of accretions, syncretism, and adulteration. His Shari’ah court was however presided over by Qadi Sidiq at Agbeni in Ibadan up till 1913. As a committed and zealous Muslim ruler, the moral content of his administration was high. His administration was particularly strict, hard and harsh on prostitutes, hoarders, burglars and thieves. The end product of this style of administration was that Ede, under Timi Lagunju, became a crime free society. Olunlade, again, testifies thus:_NEWLINE_... Timi Lagunju effectively checked all forms of stealing and burglary. If anyone was caught in the act of stealing, the Timi would sell him into slavery and would also sell members of his family. A few men having been made examples, all potential thieves were effectively checked._NEWLINE_Part of the progress registered in Ede during Timi Lagunju era was that the subject towns which paid obeisance to Ede increased. It was during this time that Ilorin conquered old Offa, and the reigning Olofa took refuge in Ede, where he was given a site now called Ofatedo (i.e. the Offa people colonized this place). Timi Abibu Sangolami gave the then Olofa two hundred hoes, two hundred cutlasses, two hundred baskets, and two hundred of every instrument or household utensils in order to make his new home easy to settle in._NEWLINE_In spite of the stormy relationship which Lagunju had with the traditionalists, he was, paradoxically, favourably disposed to Christianity given the testimony of the first American Baptist missionary to the town, W.H. Clarke. In November 1857, Lagunju had permitted the Baptist missionary to visit Ede and preach the gospel of Christ. During his visit, Clarke was not only given civic reception and well treated, he was also allowed "to preach some special truths of the gospel" to the chiefs and "a company of civil Mohammedans." Clarke, in fact, records thus:_NEWLINE_...I was pleased with his (Lagunju) free and open toleration, so not in agreement with the Muslim faith he professed to hold... His first proposal as to the length of my stay was nine days, which honour I could but decline in staying four or five days as a maximum."_NEWLINE_And while he pursued policies and measures which would put Islam on a strong footing in Ede, Lagunju also ensured that he maintained very cordial and diplomatic relationship with Muslim Obas and Muslim military leaders of the century. Among the Muslim Obas of the period, Lagunju was particularly close to Oba Momodu Lamuye of Iwo who ascended the throne of Iwo in 1860. Both remained mutual friends till death parted them in 1900 and March 1906 respectively. Another Muslim monarch whom Lagunju respected and revered was Akirun Aliyu Oyewole of Ikirun under whom Ikirun became a de facto Islamic state._NEWLINE_In his long chequered political career, Lagunju was also very close to Ibadan Muslim warriors particularly, Osi Osundina (Osi to Balogun Ibikunle) and Alli Laluwoye, the second-in-command to Aare Latoosa from October 1871. Osi Osundina's picture that has survived from tradition is that of "a Muslim titled officer who wears his turban to the battle field and performs his ablution under a hail of arrows." However, Lagunju was closest to the generalissimo of Ibadan army and Muslim stalwart, Aare Momodu Latoosa (1871'-1885). Latoosa's Islamic faith was so strong that he did not even neglect his prayers in the war camps. Indeed, Lagunju's friendship with Momodu Latoosa and the bond of Islam proved very useful for him in his moments of travails. After he had spent seven years in exile in lbadan (during his first deposition), Lagunju was able to wrest his throne back from Olunloye only with the support of Aare Latoosa. Again, during his second deposition, Lagunju succeeded in wresting the throne from Lansebe, with the active support of Ibadan forces under the firm instruction of Aare Latoosa._NEWLINE_And though, Lagunju finally lost out in the power game in 1892 with his deposition and exile to Ibadan, the event was to, inadvertently, further the cause and spread of Islam. Available traditions state that on Lagunju's final exile to Ibadan, one of his wives (from Ile-Ife) left with the children for her home town where they eventually became first generation Muslims. In fact, it is claimed that one of Lagunju's children called Raji later emerged as a distinguished Chief Imam of Ife. One account even said that the first recognized mosque in Ile-Ife was built by Raji, while another, though silent on the builder, says that "the first recognized mosque was built at Itakogun, lle-Ife in 1903 during the reign of Ooni Adelekan Olubuse I, who died in 1909. And since Lagunju was exiled to Ibadan in 1893, and that the second Chief Imam of Ife, Kaseem Adeosun (1922-1934) returned from Lagos to Ile-Ife in 1893, there is no doubt that Kaseem and Raji Lagunju were pioneer Muslims in Ile-Ife. In fact, during the imamate years of Kaseem Adeosun, Raji Lagunju was his Naibi (Deputy Imam) and on Kaseem's death in 1934, Raji became the Chief Imam, a position he occupied till 1949._NEWLINE_At the time Timi Lagunju was being banished from the town, his supporters wanted to react against his opponents but he prevented them from doing so. Meanwhile, his opponents threw his Islamic books on the streets. When he saw them doing this, he was reported to have told them that: “Insha Allah (God’s willing), your children would be Muslims." _START_SECTION_ The War and Peace Process _START_PARAGRAPH_ Timi Abibu Lagunju was one of the outstanding warrior-rulers of the 19th century who made vital contributions to the questions of war and peace. While some monarchs, particularly the Alaafin of Oyo, no longer went to battle fronts from the 1840s, Timi Lagunju still personally led Ede forces on military expeditions particularly on the side of Ibadan. In fact, it is to Lagunju's credit that right from mid-1850, there was a sort of Ede-Ibadan military confederacy with Ibadan as the stronger partner. A shrewd political and military strategist, Lagunju allied Ede, at the most appropriate time, with Ibadan, the most militarily strong power in 19th century Yorubaland. It is on record that Ede under Lagunju fought on the side of Ibadan during the Ijaye War (1860¬-1865)._NEWLINE_Again, Lagunju took side with Ibadan during the Jalumi war of 1878 and fought to expel the Fulani from northern Yorubaland. During this war, Ede forces under Lagunju camped at Ikirun and the site, to this day, has been referred to as Oke-Timi. Ede's participation in the Jalumi war was, in fact, a war of self-defense apart from being a leading member of Ibadan alliance. For the Emir of Ilorin, specifically directed Balogun Ajia, the commander of the Ilorin forces, to conquer Ikirun, Osogbo, Ede and Iwo with their villages. Traditions preserved by Olunlade record that both Timi Lagunju and Balogun Ajayi Ogboriefon distinguished themselves in this war which ended in favour of Ibadan allied army. Moreover, Ede under Timi Lagunju also allied with Ibadan in the Ekitiparapo War (1879-1886) and, in fact, he gave Ibadan total and unwavering support. At the initial stage of the war Lagunju dispatched the deposed Timi Olunloye to the war-front as the captain of Ede forces. The latter lost his life in the war."_NEWLINE_Arising out of Ede's material and human support for the Ibadan alliance, Derin Ologbenla, the Ooni-elect of Ife even contemplated a military assault on the town in April 1882. For instance, evidence abounds that he distributed arms and ammunitions to Ikire, Gbongan and Edunabon with a view to subjugating Modakeke first "which being removed out of the way Ede would be besieged and thus the Ibadans’ in the camp would be taken in front and in the rear." However, the towns in question refused to carry out Derin's bidding and, contrarily, forwarded all the arms to Aare Latoosa._NEWLINE_Like Ife, the Ilorin forces also contemplated attacking Ede after the sack of Offa in 1887 because of its total and unalloyed support for the Ibadan Alliance. Johnson's testimony is relevant here:_NEWLINE_The llorin plan, if successful at Ile-Aro was to attack Ofa, and Ede next and thereby dislodge the Ibadans’ from Ikirun."_NEWLINE_Just as Ede participated actively in the Ekitiparapo War, it was also seriously involved in peace-making processes, particularly the 1886 Peace Treaty and the efforts of 1890. Ede, in fact, was one of the venues for the shuttle diplomacy. However, if the September 1886 Peace Treaty heralded the end of the Ekitiparapo war, the immediate aftermath of the peace wrought great material havoc on Timi Lagunju as his house in Ikirun was burnt down by some fleeing Ibadan slaves, those who seized the opportunity to assert their independence._NEWLINE_Indeed, Timi Abibu Lagunju was committed to restoration of peace in Yorubaland after a century of internecine warfare. He was concerned about the sorry state of Ile-Ife, the reverred cradle of the Yoruba race. In this regard Lagunju, Lamuye of Iwo and Balogun Osungbekun of Ibadan aligned themselves with Ife conditions for peace, i.e., that Modakeke should evacuate Ife. It is important to stress that the ‘Modakeke Question’ threatened the fabric of 1886 Peace Treaty as the Modakeke leaders ran away from the peace venue, refusing to append their signatures and subsequently had to be bullied into signing the treaty. The position of Ede authorities is best summarized in the records of Prof I.A. Akinjogbin:_NEWLINE_They felt that the condition insisted upon by Ife was not too stringent to be accommodated. Indeed, both the Oluwo Lamuye and the Timi (Lagunju) of Ede as well as the lbadan authorities thought they had enough clout to persuade, indeed command, the Modakeke to move. The Timi said he would ask those of them from Ede to come back home and they would obey. The Oluwo said they could all come and live in his town. No one thought that the Modakeke would in the end prove adamant." _NEWLINE_Even when the 1886 Peace Treaty failed to resolve the Modakeke Question, the ‘Offa Question’ and the Ijebu imbroglio, Timi Lagunju continued to liaise with the Oluwo of Iwo, Ibadan authorities and representatives of the Lagos Government towards finding a lasting solution to the seemingly unending crisis. In fact, Governor Alfred Moloney's commissioners, H. Higgins and Oliver Smith, had to spend some days in Ede in March 1890." The party later left Ede for Oyo in pursuit of the peace mission. In fact, Timi Lagunju appeared to have totally agreed with the Ibadan terms of peace as the peace declaration of May–June 1890 tended to suggest. Johnson attests thus:_NEWLINE_... This declaration was to be signed (by the Alaafin), also by the Oluwo, the Timi of Ede, the Bale of Ogbomoso and the Aseyin of Iseyin. On the l0th of May, the writer (Johnson) accompanied by Obakosetan started with a copy of the declaration. The Oluwo signed it on the same day, the lbadan Chiefs at Ikirun signed it on the 16th, the Timi of Ede’s signature, the Ibadan Chiefs thought it was not necessary, being a subordinate chief to lbadan and what the Balogun of Ibadan signed was enough for him.... The Aseyin amidst the excitement of the Dahomian invasion signed the declaration on the 2nd of June, 1890. _START_SECTION_ Deposition and After _START_PARAGRAPH_ The highly successful and final deposition Timi Abibu Lagunju and his exile to Ibadan marked the end of an era in Ede history. In a way, it checkmated Islamic activism. Traditionalists who accepted Islam because of Timi Lagunju reverted to their gods. Muslims were also persecuted by traditionalists. To save their lives from persecution from these traditionalists and families, many of them fled to Owon-la-rogo compound which has been renamed as Imale Compound where they practiced their religion. Meanwhile, the leaders of Islam in the town made efforts, despite persecution by the traditionalist to continue to give Islam a life. Such leaders include Zulu Qarneen, son of Noah._NEWLINE_In another sense, his disposition was displeasing to Oyo authorities and Ibadan rulers who had come to regard Lagunju as one of the greatest statesmen and nationalists of the age. He was in fact well known and respected by the Ibadan leaders. He had contributed immensely to all Ibadan war efforts since the 1850s and had participated actively, too, in the peace process. To the new Ibadan leaders, Lagunju was also a contemporary and friend of their fathers and had witnessed, first hand, more than any other person the nineteenth century Yoruba wars. For these reasons the Ibadan leaders felt that the deposed Lagunju should be restored to the throne of his ancestors. These leaders included Balogun Ajayi Osungbekun, Maye Osuntoki, Abese Kongi, son of Basorun Ogunmola, and Sunmonu Apampa.50 So committed to Lagunju's cause were the Ibadan leaders, to the extent that as the Ekitiparapo war was coming to a conclusive end and camps were being broken up, they still planned to spend about two days in Ede to reconcile Lagunju and the people in the town but the colonial government aborted this. Johnson records thus:_NEWLINE_The Ibadans had wanted to stop a day or two at Ede to compose the difference between the people and the Timi Lagunju, who had been deposed by them but they were hurried homewards so that they could not do so. Thus, ended the sixteen years war.... The lbadan army arrived behind their town wall on the 22nd March 1893._NEWLINE_With his deposition, Lagunju came to grudgingly accept his fate as an exile in Ibadan and he lived as a guest of Sunmonu Apampa, the post-1893 Asipa of Ibadan. Successive Baales of Ibadan between 1893 and 1900: Fijabi, Osuntoki and Fajinmi were very kind and nice to him. In the same vein, the indomitable Balogun of the period, Akintola, accorded him immense respect."52 However, in spite of the good treatment and respect accorded him by the Ibadan leaders, Lagunju still carried the prayers for his reinstatement to the Alaafin of Oyo, Adeyemi, his suzerain around 1894 or early 1895. Alaafin Adeyemi I was quite sympathetic to Lagunju and subsequently took up the matter with Captain Bower but without success. In fact, Adeyemi I clashed with Bower over the Lagunju case as Samuel Johnson testifies: Then came the clash with Oyo over the case of Lagunju the ex-Timi of Ede, who appealed to his Suzerian to exert his good offices to restore him to his posts._NEWLINE_And again with the humiliation of lbadan leaders in 1894 and the military bombardment of Oyo in 1895, it quietly dawned on Lagunju that he had finally lost the battle for his reinstatement and a new era had dawned. Lagunju bore his fate with equanimity until his death in 1900. With his death, the Ede Muslims had lost a friend, a helper, a sympathiser, a leader and a Mujaddid._NEWLINE_And whatever any historian may say about Lagunju, there is no doubt that he was beyond reproach in his application of Islamic law and interpretation of social justice. He was fair to all and could not be accused of nepotism. His family members, friends and foes alike were all equal in the eyes of that law of which he was the chief custodian. Like all akikanju (heroes) in Yoruba history, Timi Lagunju possessed tremendous energy and vigour and would not give in easily to the opposition, no matter the price. Such a trait could however be interpreted as strength or flaw. And if Lagunju was rejected by the Ede society of that time because of that perceived flaw, members of his generation in other parts of Yorubaland, especially in Ibadan, Oyo, Ilorin and Ekiti, accepted and respected him. Such acceptance probably explains the intervention of Ibadan in his moments of travails and agony as nineteenth century Ibadan society was one that rewarded military valour and glories, and respected remarkable characters._NEWLINE_Remarkably, Lagunju was also a product of the nineteenth century warfare, the age of "blood and iron" when crucial issues of the day were resolved on the battle fields. He was a contemporary of such war-lords as Basorun Ogunmola, Balogun Ajayi Ogboriefon, Aare Latoosa of Ibadan, Seriki Ogedengbe, Fabunmi, Aduloju (all of Ekitiparapo fame) and Balogun Karara of Ilorin. He was no more mean or less vindictive than these characters in their attitudes to their adversaries and enemies. Reverend Samuel Johnson, the C.M.S. priest who was actively involved in peace efforts during the Ekitiparapo war and the respected author of History of the Yoruba, knew him so intimately and interacted with him greatly during that perilous period. Johnson's assessment provides a befitting epitaph to Lagunju's career:_NEWLINE_A venerable and renowned Timi of Ede, so well known all over the country as a gifted and trusted historian of the Yoruba country.

2700476566696279955

Q18809248

_START_ARTICLE_ Timoleague and Courtmacsherry Railway _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The railway was incorporated in October 1888 and opened on 21 April 1891. It was originally considered to be built as a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge track but then executed as a standard gauge light railway, partly running along a road. There were two companies, the Timoleague & Courtmacsherry Light Railway and the Ballinascarthy & Timoleague Junction Light Railway which were both worked by the Timoleague & Courtmacsherry Extension Light Railway. It became a constituent of Great Southern Railways in 1925. It was originally operated by two locomotives, both from the Leeds works of the Hunslet Engine Company, named Slaney and St. Molaga. These two were joined in 1894 by a third locomotive, again from Hunslet, with the name Argadeen._NEWLINE_Passenger services were withdrawn on 24 February 1947 due to the coal shortages. Thereafter it operated only for summer excursions and the winter beet harvest. Summer passenger excursions operated every Sunday from Cork Albert Quay railway station and they were well supported from the small stations on route. The leisurely pace at which the trains rounded the sharp curves of the roadside track contributed to the relaxed and jovial atmosphere for which these excursions were renowned. Alas the entire West Cork Railway terminated without warning in the autumn of 1960.

2594335979329108215

Q7807195

_START_ARTICLE_ Timothy Figureido _START_SECTION_ Club career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Figuereido began his career with Somerset Trojans, and played for the team for three years in the Bermudian Premier Division._NEWLINE_Figuereido has been part of the Bermuda Hogges squad in the USL Second Division since the team's inaugural season in 2007, and has been the first choice goalkeeper throughout his three seasons with the team. He returned for a second spell at the club in 2011._NEWLINE_He has been playing and goalkeeper coaching at Robin Hood since 2011. _START_SECTION_ International career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Figureido represented Bermuda at the 1995 Pan American Games. He made his full debut for Bermuda in a January 1999 friendly match against Antigua and Barbuda and earned a total of 22 caps, scoring no goals. He has represented his country in 6 FIFA World Cup qualification matches. He played in both of Bermuda's qualifying games for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and in all four of Bermuda's qualifying games for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, including their 3-1 victory over the Cayman Islands on March 30, 2008, and their historic 2-1 victory over Trinidad and Tobago on June 15, 2008._NEWLINE_His final international match was an August 2008 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualification match against the Cayman Islands.

16977626375871333170

Q47003733

_START_ARTICLE_ Timothy Melville-Ross _START_PARAGRAPH_ Sir Timothy David Melville-Ross, CBE (born 3 October 1944) is a British businessman who is chairman of the Higher Education Funding Council for England._NEWLINE_Melville-Ross was born in Westward Ho!, Devon,the son of Lt. Anthony Stuart Melville-Ross, DSC of the Royal Navy, and Anne Barclay Fane (née Gamble). He earned a diploma in business studies in 1967 from the Portsmouth College of Technology He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2005 New Year Honours for services to Workplace Learning and Development. He was a knighted in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to Higher Education.

3413065485118674591

Q7807430

_START_ARTICLE_ Timothy O'Shea _START_SECTION_ Biography _START_PARAGRAPH_ O'Shea grew up in London, attended the Royal Liberty School, in Romford, Essex. A computer scientist, he was Master of Birkbeck College from 1998 to 2002 and Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the University of London from 2001._NEWLINE_A graduate of the Universities of Sussex and Leeds, he has worked in the United States and for the Open University where he founded the Computer Assisted Learning Research Group and worked on a range of educational technology research and development projects, later becoming Pro-Vice-Chancellor there._NEWLINE_He was a Research Fellow at the University of Edinburgh, Department of Artificial Intelligence, from 1974-78._NEWLINE_The most translated of his ten books is Learning and Teaching with Computers, co-authored with John Self and his most recent 2007 book, In Order to Learn, published by Oxford University Press, was co-edited with Frank Ritter, Josef Nerb and Erno Lehtinen._NEWLINE_O'Shea became Principal of the University of Edinburgh in October 2002. Since his appointment he has sat on various boards including the Boards of Scottish Enterprise, the Intermediary Technology Institute Scotland Ltd, the British Council, the Governing Body of the Roslin Institute and has been Convenor of the Research and Commercialisation Committee of Universities Scotland and Acting Convener of Universities Scotland._NEWLINE_In 2004 he was elected Fellow of The Royal Society of Edinburgh._NEWLINE_He was knighted in the 2008 New Year Honours._NEWLINE_O'Shea received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2008 _NEWLINE_On 21 June 2016, it was announced that O'Shea would step down from his position as Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University in September 2017. _START_SECTION_ Boards and Committees _START_PARAGRAPH_ Since January 2008, O’Shea has been Chair of Jisc (formerly the Joint Information Systems Committee). He is also Chair of the Scottish Institute for Enterprise, the Board of Directors of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, and the Board of Newbattle Abbey College Trust. He sits on the Council of the Confucius Institute Headquarters, and is currently a member of the German Initiative for Excellence, or 'Excellenzinitiative'._NEWLINE_He has served two terms both as a Trustee of the British Council and as a member of the main Board of Scottish Enterprise. Between 2009 and 2012 he was the Convener of Universities Scotland. He was also served as Deputy President of the French Government’s Initiatives d’ Excellence en Formations Innovantes _START_SECTION_ Academic Board and Advisory Positions _START_PARAGRAPH_ University of the People (Member of President's Council)

9693940750324407099

Q30122891

_START_ARTICLE_ Timothy Walker (civil servant) _START_PARAGRAPH_ Timothy Edward Hanson Walker, CB (born 27 July 1945) is a British retired senior civil servant. He served as Director General of the Immigration and Nationality Directorate from 1995 to 1998, and Director General of the Health and Safety Executive from 2000 to 2005. Then, from 2006 to 2012, he was the Third Church Estates Commissioner, one of the most senior lay people in the Church of England. _START_SECTION_ Personal life _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1969, Walker married Judith Mann; she died in 1976. Together they had one daughter. In 1983, he married Anna née Butterworth. Together they have two daughters. _START_SECTION_ Honours _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the 1998 Queen's Birthday Honours, Walker was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in recognition of his service as Director-General of the Immigration and Nationality Directorate.

12653328660078185880

Q17090141

_START_ARTICLE_ Tin Bird Choir _START_SECTION_ Biography _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tin Bird Choir is husband and wife Eric and Heather Hurlock along with musicians Josh Sceurman, Ellen Houle, and Brad Hinton._NEWLINE_In the Spring of 2007 Eric and Heather opened for a local band called The Youngers and after the show they were approached by members of the local musical community, Mike Yesconis, Josh Sceurman and Ellen Houle, who joined them in their barn for picking and playing. Soon TBC was practicing weekly and gigging regularly, playing at venues all around the Philly Metro area. In the Fall of 2009 they released their debut CD, Barn Rock. _NEWLINE_In 2016, they started playing with Philly all-star Brad Hinton, who fills out their sound with 3-part harmonies and just the right amount of virtuosic guitar._NEWLINE_They’re receiving a lot of support from Philadelphia's 88.5 WXPN. And the City Paper’s Mary Armstrong, says of the band, “...one local group that should appeal to both sides of the fray [Philadelphia Folk Festival’s changing audience] is the Tin Bird Choir,...”. The Allentown Morning Call says their CD has “...intelligence and originality to anchor vocal harmonies and acoustic picking.”

4426868098549604180

Q143518

_START_ARTICLE_ Tinder _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tinder is easily combustible material used to start a fire. Tinder is a finely divided, open material which will begin to glow under a shower of sparks. Air is gently wafted over the glowing tinder until it bursts into flame. The flaming tinder is used to ignite kindling, which in turn is used to ignite the bulk material, to produce a fire._NEWLINE_Tinder can be made of any flammable substance, as long as it is finely divided and has an open structure. _START_SECTION_ Technique _START_PARAGRAPH_ Any flammable material may be used as long as it is finely divided. As the tinder gets thinner, the surface area and edges increase, making it ignite more easily._NEWLINE_Wood tinder can be made by carefully shaving thin slivers off a larger piece. Another method which keeps these slivers together, is to make a feather stick. The driest wood, which makes the best tinder, are dead branches that have not fallen to the ground yet. _NEWLINE_If a fire is to be lit by sparks rather than matches, char cloth, punkwood, fungus or down are commonly used to catch the sparks. However, fungi should be selected with care as some release toxic fumes on combustion. Char cloth can be made by placing plant-based fabric (usually cotton) in a tin box into a campfire; like charcoal, it is the product of anhydrous pyrolysis. It is very fragile, and should usually be prepared only in small quantities._NEWLINE_Pitchwood is the resinous wood which decays last from dead conifers. It can be found on the ground where conifer tree trunks have fallen and decayed. The parts of the deadwood that would form the knots in lumber, i.e. the places where branches entered the trunk, are impregnated with resin which has the combustibility of wood soaked in lighter fluid. Pitchwood can also be found in the stumps left in the ground when conifers die. These stumps contain spires of resin-impregnated wood, called fatwood, which can easily be lighted using only a single match or lighter. By shaving the pitchwood into small splinters, it will readily ignite. Pitchwood does not absorb water, and so will ignite in any weather when sheltered from rain and wind. In the southeastern United States, it is called "fat lighter" or "lighter'd" (a shortening of lighter-wood)._NEWLINE_Embers of burned paper, leaves and other sheetlike materials are easily carried off by air currents, where they can alight upon other objects and ignite them. In outdoor campfires, paper can be wadded up to reduce this hazard; wadded paper also burns more quickly._NEWLINE_Magnesium is sold in stores in shaved or bar form. Shavings burn white-hot, are impossible to smother with carbon dioxide or sand, and can ignite even wet kindling. Solid bars are impossible to ignite under normal conditions (and difficult even with a welding torch), and are thus very safe to carry. Magnesium powder and shavings are pyrophoric (they oxidise rapidly when exposed to the air). It is dangerous to carry pre-shaved magnesium — at best, it loses potency, at worst, it can spontaneously ignite and is then nearly unquenchable. Magnesium bars are sometimes sold with a length of ferrocerium cast into one edge._NEWLINE_The gathering of tinder, and perhaps more importantly, its dry storage is one of the most critical aspects of many survival situations.

474896026657931070

Q7809066

_START_ARTICLE_ Tiquire Flores F.C. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the 1964 Venezuelan Primera División season, the club was defeated by Deportivo Galicia in the finals._NEWLINE_The club was 1964 Copa Venezuela champion, when defeated Unión Deportiva Canarias._NEWLINE_On 1966, the club changed his name to Aragua FC until 1970 when changed to Tiquire Aragua._NEWLINE_On 1974, the club changed his name to Tiquire–Canarias, when fused with Unión Deportiva Canarias.

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