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Question: The Three Bogatyrs, is an animated franchise produced by which one of the largest animation studios in Russia, and also the most successful and profitable animation studio in Russia? Context: the Laugh-O-Gram Studio which Disney founded in 1921 as well as the animation studio now owned by The Walt Disney Company, previously called the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio (1923), The Walt Disney Studio (1926), Walt Disney Productions (1929), and Walt Disney Feature Animation (1986). Melnitsa Animation Studio (Russian: Студия анимационного кино «Мельница», "melnitsa" meaning "windmill") is one of the largest animation studios in Russia. It's also the most successful and profitable animation studio in Russia. Deutsche Welle called the studio the Walt Disney of Saint Petersburg. Alongside its animation projects, Melnitsa has an effort devoted to creating digital special effects for both animation projects and live-action films. == History == The studio traces its roots to several animated projects in the late 1990s, including television commercials, the short film Die Hard by Konstantin Bronzit (Grand Prix of the Annecy International Animated Film Festival, 1998), and the animated series "Global Bears Rescue" and "Technology", created for Poseidon Film Distributors Ltd. In 1999, Melnitsa was formally established with backing from STV Film Company's Sergey Selyanov and led by Aleksandr Boyarsky. STV Film Company retains a 50% share of the studio. The newly formed studio's first project was Adventures in Oz (Приключения в Изумрудном Городе) for NTV-film (НТВ-кино), a four-part animation released in 2000. In 2001, Melnitsa released its first 3D-animated project - the short film Good Morning (С добрым утром) by Denis Chernov. In 2002 Melnitsa released two short films by the famous animator and director Konstantin Bronzit: There Was an Old Lady for Scholastic Entertainment and the 3D-animated film The God (winner of a number of international festival awards).In 2000, Melnitsa began work on the feature-length animated film Little Longnose (Карлик Нос) directed by Ilya Maksimov, based on the fairy tale of Wilhelm Hauff. The film premiered on March 20, 2003, reportedly becoming one of the first Russian animated feature film released to theatres in nearly 40 years.On December 23, 2004, the feature film Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin Zmey (Алёша Попович и Тугарин Змей) was released, directed by Konstantin Bronzit. The film was completed on a $4 million budget, and took in about $1.7 million at the box office. This marked the beginning of Melnitsa's "The Three Bogatyrs" trilogy, and two more films were planned over the next several years. On January 2005, at the 10th Open Russian Festival of Animated Film in Suzdal, the new short film by Konstantin Bronzit Facts: Melnitsa Animation Studio (Russian: Студия анимационного кино «Мельница», "melnitsa" meaning "windmill") is one of the largest animation studios in Russia. Answer: Melnitsa Animation Studio

Question: Inman E. Page was president of what school that is the only historically black college in Oklahoma? Context: Langston University (LU) is a public land-grant historically black university in Langston, Oklahoma. It is the only historically black college in the state. Though located in a rural setting 10 miles (16 km) east of Guthrie, Langston also serves an urban mission, with University Centers in both Tulsa (at the same campus as the OSU-Tulsa facility) and Oklahoma City, and a nursing program set to open in Ardmore. The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. == History == The school was founded in 1897 and was known as the Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University. From 1898 to 1916 its president was Inman E. Page. Langston University was created as a result of the second Morrill Act in 1890. The law required states with land-grant colleges (such as Oklahoma State University, then known as Oklahoma A&M) to either admit African Americans, or provide an alternative school for them to attend as a condition of receiving federal funds. The university was renamed as Langston University in 1941 in honor of John Mercer Langston (1829–1897), civil rights pioneer, first African American member of Congress from Virginia, founder of the Howard University Law School, and American consul-general to Haiti. Through the years Langston University has developed slowly but surely. Some of the most serious problems have been political influences, financial stress, and lack of adequate space and equipment. During the 1960s the campus underwent a complete makeover. New buildings appeared, and additions were made to the library and auditorium. Poet Melvin B. Tolson taught at Langston from 1947 until 1964. Tolson was portrayed by Denzel Washington in the film The Great Debaters. In August 2021, university President Kent J. Smith Jr. announced the university would use COVID-19 relief money to forgive the debt of students enrolled between spring 2020 and summer 2021, forgiving $4.65 million in student debt. == Academics == Six schools house the degree programs of Langston University: Agriculture and Applied Sciences; Arts and Sciences; Business; Education and Behavioral Science; Nursing and Health Professions; and Physical Therapy. A total of 29 undergraduate and six graduate degree programs are offered at LU.The university offers the Edwin P. McCabe Honors Program for highly motivated undergraduate students with exceptional academic records.The university was accredited with a Doctorate of Physical Therapy program in 2005. It is the university's only doctoral program and one of two in the state.Langston University is accredited Facts: Langston University (LU) is a public land-grant historically black university in Langston, Oklahoma. It is the only historically black college in the state. Answer: Langston University

Question: Inman E. Page was president of what school that is the only historically black college in Oklahoma? Context: Americans on plantations, was definitely poorer than the North, which had few. === The South after 1804 === The institution remained solid in the South, and that region's customs and social beliefs evolved into a strident defense of slavery in response to the rise of a stronger anti-slavery stance in the North. In 1835 alone, abolitionists mailed over a million pieces of anti-slavery literature to the South, giving rise to the gag rules in Congress, after the theft of mail from the Charleston, South Carolina, post office, and much back-and-forth about whether postmasters were required to deliver this mail. According to the Postmaster General, they were not.Under the Constitution, the importation of enslaved persons could not be prohibited until 1808 (20 years). As the end of the 20 years approached, an Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves sailed through Congress with little opposition. President Jefferson supported it, and it went effect on January 1, 1808. In 1820, the Act to Protect the Commerce of the United States and Punish the Crime of Piracy was passed. This law made importing slaves into the United States a death penalty offense. The Confederate States of America continued this prohibition with the sentence of death and prohibited the import of slaves. === Abolitionism's sudden emergence === In 1830 most Americans were, at least in principle, opposed to slavery. The problem was how to end it, and what would become of the slaves once they were free: "we cherish the hope...that proper means will be devised for the disposal of the blacks", as it was tactlessly put in The Philanthropist.: 59 In the 1830s there was a progressive shift in thinking in the North. Mainstream opinion changed from gradual emancipation and resettlement of freed blacks in Africa, sometimes a condition of their manumission, to immediatism: freeing all the slaves immediately and sorting out the problems later. This change was in many cases sudden, a consequence of the individual's coming in direct contact with the horrors of American slavery, or hearing of them from a credible source. As it was put by Amos Adams Lawrence, who witnessed the capture and return to slavery of Anthony Burns, "we went to bed one night old-fashioned, conservative, Compromise Union Whigs and waked up stark mad Abolitionists." === Garrison and immediate emancipation === The American beginning of abolitionism as a political movement is usually dated from 1 January 1831, when Wm. Facts: Answer: Langston University

Question: Inman E. Page was president of what school that is the only historically black college in Oklahoma? Context: is launched. 2004 – The Hilltop is again named the Best Collegiate Newspaper in the nation by the Princeton Review. 2005 – The Hilltop becomes the first HBCU newspaper to be published daily. 2008 – The Hilltop temporarily ceased printing publications between March and the Fall, due to rising printing costs and falling advertising revenue. == References == Inman E. Page (December 29, 1853 - December 21, 1935) was a Baptist leader and educator in Oklahoma and Missouri. He was president of four schools: the Lincoln Institute, Langston University, Western University, and Roger Williams University and principal of Douglass High School in Oklahoma City. He and George Milford were the first black students at Brown University. == Early life == Inman Edward Page was born a slave in Warrenton, Virginia on December 29, 1853 to Horace and Elizabeth Page. His obituary had the name of the slave owner as Fanshot. In late 1877, Horace Page made a compensation claim to the Federal government for losses during the American Civil War (1861-1865). In this report, his father reported his master as a man named Alexander Craig, who died in 1859, and thereafter his wife, Mrs. Craig, and the executor of their estate, William H. Gaines. As a slave, Horace hired himself out and was running a livery stable in Washington, DC before the start of the war and had business in Warrenton and in Fauquier County. He had a number of horses and other supplies taken by the Union Army during the war and provided some manual labor. He was able to buy his freedom with money from his business. He did not finish paying until after the Emancipation Proclamation, but decided to pay the full agreed amount because the deal for his freedom was made before the war began. Horace and his family moved to Washington, D. C. in 1862 and Inman attended the school of George F. T. Cook, brother of John F. Cook Jr. He also took hired work to support his family and later attended night school taught by George Boyer Vashon. He then took work at Howard University, grading the campus grounds, in order to pay for his schooling there. He was promoted to janitor at the school, and when Oliver O. Howard was working to close the Freedmen's Bureau, of which Howard had been a part, Page was hired as one of Howard's clerks. In Facts: He was president of four schools: the Lincoln Institute, Langston University, Western University, and Roger Williams University and principal of Douglass High School in Oklahoma City. Answer: Langston University

Question: William Procter founded a lucrative business with a soap maker of what heritage? Context: commissioner and former chairwoman of the New Jersey Racing Commission. == Kidnapping and murder == Gross went missing on the morning of September 17, 1997. He was last seen driving his BMW on River Road in Edgewater near his restaurant, the Binghamton Ferryboat. Other men were seen in the car with Gross as he drove to a bank near the restaurant and withdrew $20,000. A weeklong manhunt ensued, ending with the discovery of Gross's slashed and bludgeoned body on a wooded embankment between the Henry Hudson Parkway and the Hudson River.Three teenagers from Washington Heights, Manhattan, one of whom worked as a busboy at the Binghamton, were arrested for the robbery and murder of Gross, eventually pleading guilty to the crimes. They admitted to abducting Gross at gunpoint, forcing him to drive to a bank to withdraw money, and then killing him in a secluded spot along the Henry Hudson Parkway. Two of the accomplices were given the maximum sentence of 30 years in prison, while a third, who had entered into a plea agreement, was sentenced to 17 years.Dinah Lenney, Gross's daughter by his first wife Leah, wrote a memoir about her father's murder, Bigger than Life: A Murder, a Memoir, published in 2007 by University of Nebraska Press (ISBN 978-0803229761). == References == == External links == Biographical information for Nelson G. Gross from The Political Graveyard The Churchill-Hilger House is a historic house at Main and Searcy Street in Pangburn, Arkansas. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, basically vernacular in appearance with some Craftsman detailing. It has a hip roof from which hip-roof dormers project, and a recessed L-shaped porch that wraps around the northern (front) and western facades. The house was built in 1914 for Harry Churchill, one of the leading businessmen responsible for Pangburn's economic success in the early 20th century. Churchill arrived in Pangburn in 1899, and built up a lucrative business manufacturing railroad ties, and successfully lobbied for the construction of the railroad through the town. At the time of the house's construction, it was considered somewhat lavish.The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. == See also == National Register of Historic Places listings in White County, Arkansas == References == James Gamble (3 April 1803 – 29 April 1891) was an Irish-American soap industrialist. He was the co-founder of Procter & Gamble Company in 1837, along Facts: James Gamble (3 April 1803 – 29 April 1891) was an Irish-American soap industrialist. Answer: Irish

Question: William Procter founded a lucrative business with a soap maker of what heritage? Context: ... but that they don’t know where to start looking for it." == See also == Triangle of death (Italy) == References == William Procter (December 7, 1801 – April 4, 1884 ) was a British-born American candlemaker and industrialist, who later emigrated to the USA. He was the founder and co-eponym of Procter & Gamble Company in 1837, along with James Gamble. Mike Gatten, (born July 15, 1965) Deceased July 5 2018, was an American entrepreneur and inventor of the Miracle Blanket which is a stretchy blanket designed to help babies sleep comfortably. Before inventing the Miracle Blanket, Mike worked for different companies and was invested successful business ventures. He then founded AMB Enterprises in 2003 to manufacture, sell and distribute the Miracle Blanket. "AMB" stood for "Amazing Miracle Blanket". In 2009, he launched Miracle Fulfillment, LLC to distribute Miracle Industries, LLC products as well as shipping, distribution and fulfillment for national companies selling their products. Gatten was also the executive producer and drummer for the band Chasing Disaster, which released its first album in January 2011. Chasing Disaster was nominated by the New Mexico Music Awards in the “Main Stream Rock” [sic?] category for its album Bullet for a Rose. == Miracle Blanket == Gatten designed the Miracle Blanket and tested and researched the blanket over a year before he set up distribution channels to make his product available to the public in late 2002. The Miracle Blanket won numerous awards such as the iParenting Media “Hot Product”, Fussy Baby Approved “Top Colic Product”, the National Parenting Center Seal of Approval(NAPPA). and the Moms Best Awards Outstanding Product Over a million miracle blankets have been sold == References == The ius trium liberorum, meaning "the right of three children" in Latin, was a privilege rewarded to Roman citizens who had produced at least three children or freedmen of either sex who had produced at least four children. It was a direct result of the Lex Iulia and the Lex Papia Poppaea, laws introduced by Augustus in 18 BC and 9 AD, respectively. These laws were intended to increase the dwindling population of the Roman upper classes. The intent of the ius trium liberorum had led scholars to interpret it as eugenic legislation. However, most current scholarship sees the law as a politically-motivated effort to increase birth rates among the senatorial class. Men who had received the jus trium Facts: He was the founder and co-eponym of Procter & Gamble Company in 1837, along with James Gamble. Answer: Irish

Question: What was the American actor born in 1966 that worked with Pam Pinnock known for? Context: Pam Pinnock (born December 27, 1966 in Picayune, Mississippi) is an American author and publicist. She is an African American. Her interest in publicity comes from working with actor and comedian Eddie Murphy when she was only fifteen years old. A former journalist turned author upon scribing the memoir The Father Fracture published on October 12, 2007. The memoir describes her abusive relationship with her lover undisputed heavyweight champion Mike Tyson. Her 2007 autobiography spanned the first twenty-five years of her life, beginning with her abusive upbringing. The Father Fracture was published by independent publishing house Healeth Publisher. Pinnock has been featured in many magazines and newspapers including Rolling Out Magazine, All Hip Hop.com, ET Online Entertainment. She has worked with Jay-Z, singer John Legend, Ludacris, actor Bokeem Woodbine, Gary Dourdan and rapper DMX (rapper), Gucci Mane, Jagged Edge, BET Hip Hop Awards. Pinnock has completed her second novel slated for a 2013 release. Pinnock owns a PR firm, The Pinnock Agency, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. == Career == Publicist and CEO of The Pinnock Agency, a public relations firm with offices in Los Angeles. She now lives with her family in New York. == References == == External links == http://www.pampinnock.com http://zimbio.com/pam+pinnock/articles/2/publicist+actor=plana+alma+awards http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art60016.asp Paul Butkevich (Latvian: "Pauls Butkēvičs") actor born on 8 August 1940, Riga, Republic of Latvia. He has been awarded the highest acting honors by the Republic of Latvia and Russian Federation. Best known for taking part in movies Es visu atceros, Ričard (1966, also known as Akmens un šķembas) and Elpojiet dziļi! (1967, Also known as Četri balti krekli), also in movies Rallijs (1978), Nepabeigtās vakariņas (1979), Ilgais ceļš kāpās un Mirāža (1981), Aija (1987) David Lambert (born November 29, 1993) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Brandon Foster on the Freeform original series The Fosters. == Early life == David Lambert was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. His mother is Puerto Rican, while his father is from the mainland United States. He was home-schooled. He has lived in England, Texas, and Taiwan but has been living in Georgia for many years.He can play the piano and trumpet, and is learning the electric guitar. He also has a very strong tenor singing voice. He has been doing theater for many years, beginning when he was cast in the play the Wizard of Oz at age 3. His theatrical roles include Mr. Tumnus Facts: She has worked with Jay-Z, singer John Legend, Ludacris, actor Bokeem Woodbine, Gary Dourdan and rapper DMX (rapper), Gucci Mane, Jagged Edge, BET Hip Hop Awards. He is best known for playing Brandon Foster on the Freeform original series The Fosters. Answer: portraying Warrick Brown

Question: What was the American actor born in 1966 that worked with Pam Pinnock known for? Context: relevant, character-driven roots. Her most significant successes were Erica's drug addiction story (with the character receiving treatment at the Betty Ford Center), and also the story of homophobia over a gay high school boy and a history teacher. However, with the ratings still stagnant, ABC did not renew longtime executive producer Felicia Minei Behr's contract, and brought in Francesca James (who had previously won an Emmy award acting on the show as twins Kitty and Kelly). The storylines now included a voodoo arc with the popular Noah and Julia (Keith Hamilton Cobb and Sydney Penny), a fantasy story for Myrtle featuring the "real" Santa Claus, and finally a baby kidnapping story involving Erica. Despite winning three consecutive Daytime Emmys for writing during her tenure on All My Children, Broderick was replaced in December 1997 by her predecessor, McTavish. The first major story McTavish tackled was, "ironically", one created by Broderick, Bianca Montgomery's anorexia. The character of Bianca, Erica's young daughter, is checked into a facility to treat the disease. Apart from the anorexia story, McTavish's tales were plot-driven and made implausible alterations to the show's history such as the resurrection of Erica's lifetime-love, Mike Roy (Nicholas Surovy). In 1998, the show again got a new executive producer, Jean Dadario Burke, taking over from Francesca James. She would become known to many speculating fans as a weak producer with little vision. Cady McClain, who had left the show as Dixie in 1996, returned to the delight of her fans, but other storylines—involving ghosts, poison tattoos, Nazi art, and a sperm switch—were all ill-received. By the start of 1999, with All My Children being voted as the "Worst of 1998" by Soap Opera Digest, McTavish was once again fired. As ratings began to fall, ABC convinced Nixon to make a brief return. Many long-running actors, such as Michael Nader, James Kiberd, and Robin Mattson, left their roles. === 2000s === Nixon decided to write a story that would rejuvenate the show and be socially relevant at the same time. This resulted in the series revealing Erica's daughter Bianca as a lesbian. Within the series, Bianca admits the truth to her mother in December 2000. Although initially controversial, the storyline was praised by fans and critics. Bianca emerged as a breakout character and lesbian icon. The show found additional success in the pairing of newcomers Leo and Greenlee (Josh Duhamel and Rebecca Budig).Richard Facts: Answer: portraying Warrick Brown

Question: What is the nationality of the film director responsible for a 2008 American science fantasy film based on a novel by Jeanne DuPrau? Context: Lina, a pack of hungry wolves is threatening her. Doon throws the diamond at the wolves to frighten them away, the diamond shatters and he twists his ankle in the process. Lina treats his wound and takes him to the place where the book and the diamond were discovered. There, they uncover shelves filled with hundreds upon hundreds of diamonds, and Lina and Doon realize that the devices are solar-powered sources of electricity. Ultimately, the people of Sparks and the former Emberites help them retrieve the diamonds and other items left behind in Ember, enough to ensure both groups will survive the coming winter. Before returning to the Earth's surface, Lina goes to collect the drawings of her "dream city" that she sketched at her former home in Ember, but she does not find them, so she then goes to City Hall and stands on top of the building as she did in the first book to say "Goodbye, Ember — forever." Later, the Troggs arrive in Sparks and decide to settle there after learning why Ember was abandoned in the first place. Tim reveals that he found Doon's insect book and Lina's drawings and offers to give them back. Lizzie takes an interest in Tim Troggs (abandoning her earlier hope of becoming Doon's girlfriend), while Lina gets a horse named Fleet and becomes a messenger like she was in Ember. The last chapter reveals that Lina and Doon eventually fall in love and have children together. Many years later, after new cities have been built using solar power, one of their descendants views the now-fragile pictures drawn by Lina as a girl in Ember and notes how strongly they resemble a world she didn't live to see but nonetheless helped create. The story then goes back to the summer after the expedition to Ember and has the reader imagine Torren flying an airplane to find a spacecraft flying through space. == References == == External links == Jeanne DuPrau's official website Gil Kenan (Hebrew: גיל קינן‎; born October 16, 1976) is a British–Israeli–American film director, television director, screenwriter, and film producer. == Early life == Kenan was born in London, to a Jewish family. When Kenan was three, his family immigrated to Tel Aviv, Israel. He has one brother. At age eight, Kenan and his family once again moved to Reseda, Los Angeles.Kenan studied at the film division of Facts: Gil Kenan (Hebrew: גיל קינן‎; born October 16, 1976) is a British–Israeli–American film director, television director, screenwriter, and film producer. Answer: Israeli-British-American

Question: What is the nationality of the film director responsible for a 2008 American science fantasy film based on a novel by Jeanne DuPrau? Context: and re-make plans, wrestle with a chainsaw, learn to make windows, and set up a computer powered by the sun. Their spiritual practice transforms their vision of the house, and the building of it transforms them both. City of Ember is a 2008 American science fiction adventure film based on the 2003 novel The City of Ember by Jeanne DuPrau. Directed by Gil Kenan in his live-action directorial debut, the film stars Saoirse Ronan, Harry Treadaway, Bill Murray, Mackenzie Crook, Martin Landau, Mary Kay Place, Toby Jones and Tim Robbins. Produced by Tom Hanks and Gary Goetzman's Playtone and Walden Media, City of Ember was theatrically released on October 10, 2008 by 20th Century Fox, two months after the release of the final book in the series, The Diamond of Darkhold. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing only $17.9 million against a budget of $55 million. == Plot == When an unspecified global catastrophe looms, an underground city known as Ember is constructed to shelter a large group of survivors. In addition, a small metal box intended for a future generation of Emberites is timed to open after 200 years. This box is entrusted to the Mayor of the City of Ember, and each Mayor passes it on to his or her successor. When the seventh Mayor dies suddenly, the succession is broken, and over time, the box's significance is forgotten. The box opens by itself at the allotted time, but it goes unnoticed. Several decades later, Ember's generator begins to fail, and food, medicine and other necessities are in dangerously short supply. At a rite of passage for all graduating students of Ember City School, Mayor Cole stands before the students as their adult occupations are assigned by lottery. Doon Harrow, the son of inventor and repairman Loris Harrow, is assigned "Messenger" while his classmate Lina Mayfleet is assigned "Pipeworks" and apprenticed to the elderly technician Sul. Shortly afterwards, the two secretly exchange assignments. At home, Lina (a descendant of the seventh Mayor) finds the opened box and enlists Doon's help to decipher its contents. Gradually, they learn that it contains a set of instructions and directions for an exit from the city. Later, after evading a gigantic star-nosed mole, they also discover that Mayor Cole has been hoarding canned food in a secret vault for his own benefit while the Facts: Directed by Gil Kenan in his live-action directorial debut, the film stars Saoirse Ronan, Harry Treadaway, Bill Murray, Mackenzie Crook, Martin Landau, Mary Kay Place, Toby Jones and Tim Robbins. Answer: Israeli-British-American

Question: What is the nationality of the film director responsible for a 2008 American science fantasy film based on a novel by Jeanne DuPrau? Context: only because of its fun and inspiring story, but because most of its flaws are things kids won't notice anyway... [T]he story spins into a classic fable; the ignorance that seemed so blissful shows it's just one half of a coin, where the other side holds apathy and hopelessness. The moral might well be lost on kids, but for adults, it's compelling — all the more so because we like the good people of this dying city." This reviewer praised the "series of exciting adventures" and argued that "Lina and Doon's vigilant sense of hope is, in the end, incredibly inspiring and extremely pertinent... It might be a staple theme in family films, but the City of Ember is a useful reminder about the power of the human spirit to triumph where our own hopelessly broken systems have failed. It's a message that the filmmakers didn't take for granted — and that hopefully viewers won't either". === Box office === On its opening weekend, the film opened poorly at #11 at the US box office with US$3,129,473. As of February 20, 2010, the film has grossed US$17,929,684 worldwide, well below its US$55 million budget. === Accolades === Saoirse Ronan was nominated for 2009 Irish Film and Television Award as "Best Actress in a Lead Role in a Film". Art director Jon Billington and production designer Martin Laing were nominated for Satellite Awards in 2008 for their design of the film, as was Ruth Myers for her costume design. == References == == External links == City of Ember at IMDb City of Ember at AllMovie Golden God is a novel by Jeanne DuPrau published in 1981. In the novel, four American archaeologists flee Kalim when hostile rebel forces overthrow the government. When main character Dr. Selk (one of the archaeologists) finds himself deep into a tunnel while mining, he claims he found something valuable. The valuable item could be worth up to 800,000 dollars so he must decide whether to turn it in or keep it a secret from the rest of the archaeologists he was exploring with. The People of Sparks is a post-apocalyptic science fiction novel by American writer Jeanne DuPrau, published in 2004. It is the second "Book of Ember" in the series, and a sequel to The City of Ember; other books in the series include The Prophet of Yonwood and The Diamond of Darkhold. The Facts: Answer: Israeli-British-American

Question: What is the nationality of the film director responsible for a 2008 American science fantasy film based on a novel by Jeanne DuPrau? Context: Playtone Company (the production company that released the City of Ember film) also purchased the rights to The People of Sparks, but after the box office failure of the first film, plans for the sequel were shelved. == Plot summary == The story resumes after the evacuation of Ember, an underground city, which has been cut off from the surface for more than 200 years. The 400+ refugees from the city cannot return, as the city's resources are nearly depleted, and have no idea how to survive on the surface. After following a road for three days, they arrive at the village of Sparks, exhausted and hungry. The leaders of this village, Mary, Ben, and Wilmer, reluctantly agree to take in the refugees for 6 months, theoretically long enough to teach them to survive independently. They are allowed to stay in the abandoned and decrepit Pioneer Hotel. Tick Hassler, a former hauler of carts in Ember, organizes a series of projects intended to improve their quality of life and chances for the future, but which tend to be more grandiose than practical. Concern soon arises about whether there is adequate food for everyone in Sparks; if food stocks are insufficient for the winter, it would be disastrous for both groups. The Emberites have little knowledge of the surface (having been deliberately deprived of such knowledge at the founding of the city, so they would not try to leave), and their ignorance annoys the people of Sparks. Vandalism against the people of Ember heightens the anger on both sides. The resultant reduction in the quality and quantity of food provided to Emberites only makes them angrier. Sparks' leaders vote 2-1 to stop having Emberites in homes for meals, as was the policy before, and instead have them pick up food to eat elsewhere. Then, Ember's people learn that they will be ejected from the village in the middle of winter, which they had not understood. Finally, Torren, an unhappy boy from Sparks, destroys a large amount of tomatoes in a furious rage, and then decides to accuse an Emberite (Doon) of the act to further build hatred between the two people. Meanwhile, Lina leaves with a roamer who travels to old cities to find treasure, hoping to find the city she has been dreaming of and drawing. There she finds not a beautiful city like she expected, but a crumbling ruin Facts: Answer: Israeli-British-American

Question: Whose comedy film, that Adam Shankman's 2007 remake is based off of, was it? Context: and her fellow Firefly Scouts martial arts to defend themselves against bullies. As Seth quits the wrestling team, Shane challenges Murney to a wrestling match in front of the entire school, which he easily wins despite Murney's show of bluster. The Firefly Girl Scouts use the skill Shane taught them to fight and tie up the rival boy scouts. Zoe and Shane share stories of their fathers, both of whom died in similar circumstances. They are interrupted by a phone call from Julie, who has figured out the password "My Angel", retrieved a two-prong key from the box and is on her way home. The kids immediately plan a "Welcome Home" party. That evening, Shane discovers a secret vault underneath the garage, which requires a special two-prong key. When Bill and Julie arrive home, he and Shane go to the garage, where Shane says he is rethinking his career. Two armed ninjas arrive and pull off their masks, revealing themselves as the Chuns - the Plummers' North Korean neighbors. Suddenly, Bill knocks out Shane, revealing himself to be a double agent. Mr. Chun secures the children while Bill and Mrs. Chun take Julie down to the vault. They open the door, but a dangerous security system prevents them from proceeding. The children escape and wake Shane, who sends the kids to get the police while he goes to the vault to help Julie. Mr. Chun follows them in Bill's car. With Zoe at the wheel, the kids force him to crash. Shane gets past the security system using the dance Howard had used to make Peter go to sleep each night. Julie knocks out Mrs. Chun, and Shane's voice activates the final vault, knocking out Bill with the door. By then, the children have lured a large crowd of police to the house. Mr. Chun arrives and holds all of them at gunpoint. Shane notices the school principal and his love interest Claire Fletcher right behind him, having followed the chase when she saw it pass by the school. Shane distracts Mr. Chun with the help of Mr. Plummer's family pet duck Gary, and Claire knocks him unconscious. Bill and the Chuns are arrested, Shane and the Plummers say their goodbyes, and Shane and Claire kiss. At Seth's performance, it is revealed that Shane has retired from the Navy and joined the school staff as the new wrestling coach. Murney, Facts: Answer: John Waters

Question: Whose comedy film, that Adam Shankman's 2007 remake is based off of, was it? Context: consensus reads, "Vin Diesel parodies his tough guy image for the family audience, but the result is only moderately amusing." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 30 out of 100, based on 27 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.Roger Ebert gave the film two stars out of four, writing, "This premise is promising, but somehow the movie never really takes off."Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote: "If [audiences] swallow this odoriferous exercise in calculated career repositioning, they'll swallow anything." == Possible sequel == In December 2015, Vin Diesel said that a sequel was being written. == References == == External links == Official website The Pacifier at IMDb The Pacifier at AllMovie Hairspray is a 2007 musical romantic comedy film based on the 2002 Broadway musical of the same name, which in turn was based on John Waters's 1988 comedy film of the same name. Produced by Ingenious Media and Zadan/Meron Productions, and adapted from both Waters's 1988 script and Thomas Meehan and Mark O'Donnell's book for the stage musical by screenwriter Leslie Dixon, the film was directed and choreographed by Adam Shankman and has an ensemble cast including John Travolta, Michelle Pfeiffer, Christopher Walken, Amanda Bynes, James Marsden, Queen Latifah, Brittany Snow, Zac Efron, Elijah Kelley, Allison Janney, and Nikki Blonsky in her feature film debut. Set in 1962 Baltimore, Maryland, the film follows the "pleasantly plump" teenager Tracy Turnblad (Blonsky) as she pursues stardom as a dancer on a local television dance show and rallies against racial segregation. The film began development in 2004, and Dixon reworked Meehan and O'Donnell's first draft of the screenplay to tone down the musical's campiness. In 2005, Shankman agreed to direct the film. Composer/lyricist Marc Shaiman and lyricist Scott Wittman reworked their songs from the Broadway musical for the film's soundtrack, and also wrote four new songs for the film. Principal photography commenced in September 2006 with a budget of $75 million, and ended in December of that year; filming took place on locations in Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario, Canada and on soundstages at Toronto's Showline Studios. Recording sessions for the film's songs and soundtrack took place in San Diego, California in the United States. Hairspray premiered on July 10, 2007 at the Mann Village Theater and was released on July 20, Facts: Hairspray is a 2007 musical romantic comedy film based on the 2002 Broadway musical of the same name, which in turn was based on John Waters's 1988 comedy film of the same name. Answer: John Waters

Question: Whose comedy film, that Adam Shankman's 2007 remake is based off of, was it? Context: broadcast. This made it the highest-rated program on Wednesday, according to the Nielsen Media Research. The episode received a drop from the previous episode, "Slow Down Your Neighbors", possibly because of the 20-minute delay in its starting time. Despite this, the episode became the second highest-rated ABC show after Grey's Anatomy and the finished seventh in the ratings the week it premiered. === Reviews === The episode received mostly positive reviews, with many praising the ending to Mitchell and Cameron's storyline. TV Squad writer Joel Keller gave the episode a positive review, writing that it had "funny moments", but pointed out that "all of them left me wanting some more information to round things out."John Teti of The A.V. Club called it "not a very good episode" and mainly criticized the Delgado–Pritchett storyline, comparing it to "every episode of Three’s Company ever." Teti ultimately gave the episode a C+.Rachael Maddux of New York praised the episode for letting the characters "out of their primly landscaped domiciles to interact with the other batty folks of the world".Matt Roush of TV Guide wrote that the episode's story lines were "all winners". Joyce Eng and KMate Stanhope, also from TV Guide, later named the conclusion to Mitchell and Cameron's storyline the best moment of the week, January 6 to January 13, 2011.Entertainment Weekly writer Lesley Savage commented that while the episode wasn't a good follow up to "Slow Down Your Neighbors", the ending to the Pritchett-Tucker storyline was "pretty darn funny, and possibly a little un-PC".James Poniewozik of Time wrote that while the plot came "straight out of the Wacky Misunderstanding School of Sitcomedy" it was still a satisfying episode calling Phil and Claire's storyline "the most amusing storyline". == References == == External links == "Our Children, Ourselves" at IMDb "Our Children, Ourselves" at ABC.com Adam Michael Shankman (born November 27, 1964) is an American film director, producer, dancer, author, actor, and choreographer. He was a judge on seasons 3–10 of the television program So You Think You Can Dance. He began his professional career in musical theater, and was a dancer in music videos for Paula Abdul and Janet Jackson. Shankman has choreographed dozens of films and directed several feature-length films, including A Walk to Remember, Bringing Down the House, The Pacifier and the 2007 remake of Hairspray. His company, Offspring Entertainment (which he co-owns with his sister) produces films and Facts: Shankman has choreographed dozens of films and directed several feature-length films, including A Walk to Remember, Bringing Down the House, The Pacifier and the 2007 remake of Hairspray. Answer: John Waters

Question: TLC: Tables, Ladders, & Chairs WWE event took place at an arena that is also the home of what NBA team? Context: Undertaker for a near-fall and Kane then attacked the referee. While the medical staff were tending to the referee, Paul Bearer entered the cell, leading to Kane confronting Bearer but Undertaker performed a second Chokeslam on Kane. Undertaker attempted to perform a Tombstone Piledriver on Kane but Bearer used the urn to blind Undertaker and passed Kane the urn. Kane hit Undertaker with the urn and performed a second Chokeslam on Undertaker to retain the title. == Reception == Hell in a Cell was attended by an audience of 7,500 in the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas. The pay-per-view drew 210,000 buys, a decrease on the 2009 event buyrate of 283,000. == Aftermath == Paul Bearer issued a challenge to the Undertaker to fight Kane in a Buried Alive Match shortly after the events of Hell in a Cell. Undertaker accepted and would taunt Kane with his pyrotechnics, as well as drag him under the ring later. At Bragging Rights, Kane defeated Undertaker with help from The Nexus in order to close the feud. As the newest member of The Nexus, John Cena attempted to destroy the group from the inside, until the Raw General Manager told Cena to follow Wade Barrett's orders or lose his job. In a battle royal to determine the number one contender to the WWE Championship, Barrett and Cena made it to the final two. Barrett then forced Cena to eliminate himself, making Barrett the new number one contender. To further guarantee his success, Barrett made Cena stand in his corner at Bragging Rights in his match against Randy Orton, as well as firing Cena if Barrett didn't win. At Bragging Rights, Wade Barrett won by disqualification after Cena attacked him, thus letting Cena keep his job and not letting Barrett win the WWE Championship. Also at Bragging Rights, Cena won the WWE Tag Team Championship with David Otunga. == Results == == References == == External links == Official Hell in a Cell website Quicken Loans Arena, commonly known as "The Q", is a multi-purpose arena in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The building is the home of the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League, and the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League. It also serves as a secondary arena for Cleveland State Vikings men's and women's basketball. TLC: Tables, Ladders & Facts: The building is the home of the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League, and the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League. Answer: Cleveland Cavaliers

Question: TLC: Tables, Ladders, & Chairs WWE event took place at an arena that is also the home of what NBA team? Context: TLC, James Ellsworth explained to an angry Daniel Bryan that he had interfered because he wanted to defeat AJ Styles, whom he had already beaten three times, for the WWE World Championship, and Shane McMahon granted him the match for the following SmackDown. He also stated he would immediately give Dean Ambrose another title opportunity. However, Ellsworth's opportunity for the title, now renamed WWE Championship, was twice postponed; on the following SmackDown, Styles was still ailing from injuries sustained at TLC. Ellsworth interrupted Styles, but was attacked by Ambrose with Dirty Deeds. On the following episode, Ellsworth was suffering from a cold. The match eventually happened on the December 20 episode; Styles easily defeated Ellsworth in under a minute.Also on Talking Smack after TLC, Baron Corbin demanded a spot in the main event and a chance at the world championship. Before that, he defeated Kalisto in a rematch. On the December 20 episode, he confronted Dolph Ziggler, who had earned a WWE Championship match the week prior. Corbin called Ziggler undeserving of a title shot and a match between the two with Ziggler's title shot on the line was scheduled, but it ended in a double count-out, after which, AJ Styles attacked both Ziggler and Corbin with a chair. Daniel Bryan then scheduled a triple threat for the WWE Championship between the three for the following episode. Styles won that match and reignited his rivalry with the returning John Cena, who demanded a title match at the Royal Rumble.Dean Ambrose was a guest at Miz TV. Miz first celebrated his win over Dolph Ziggler and said that their rivalry was finally at an end. Ambrose explained that he was not angry with James Ellsworth, just surprised, especially for all that he had done for him, including helping him get a SmackDown contract. Miz blamed the situation on Ambrose and insulted him by handing him a participation award, beginning a rivalry between the two, where Ambrose defeated Miz for the Intercontinental Championship on the January 3, 2017 episode.For the next couple of weeks, Carmella repeated her accusation against Natalya, who allegedly had acted out of jealousy, but Natalya denied it until the December 20 episode, when she admitted to being the attacker because of pent up jealousy of the Bella Twins. Alexa Bliss, using heel tactics, retained the SmackDown Women's Championship against Becky Lynch in a rematch. She then lost a Facts: Answer: Cleveland Cavaliers

Question: TLC: Tables, Ladders, & Chairs WWE event took place at an arena that is also the home of what NBA team? Context: table. Miz then requested for Strowman to be added to the match at TLC. General Manager Kurt Angle reluctantly agreed, and as a result, made the match a 4-on-3 handicap TLC match. The following week, Ambrose and Rollins retained the Raw Tag Team Championship against Cesaro and Sheamus, and Miz convinced Angle to add a fifth member to his team at TLC. Angle decided that if Strowman beat Reigns in their steel cage match, a fifth member could be added, but if Reigns won, Strowman would be off Miz's team. During the steel cage match, Kane returned from a ten-month hiatus by tearing through the ring canvas and chokeslammed Reigns, allowing Strowman to win. Kane was made the fifth member, making it 5-on-3. On October 20, however, WWE announced that Reigns would be unable to compete due to medical issues. Angle, who had been at odds with Miz ever since Miz came to Raw, was made Reigns' replacement, marking Angle's first WWE match since 2006.At No Mercy, Enzo Amore defeated Neville to win the WWE Cruiserweight Championship. The following night on Raw, at Amore's request, General Manager Kurt Angle signed a no-contact clause; if any cruiserweight attacked Amore, they could not challenge for the championship. Later, Amore's championship celebration was interrupted by the entire cruiserweight division and Neville attacked Amore despite the no-contact clause. Immediately after Raw on the WWE Network, Braun Strowman powerslammed Amore and let the entire cruiserweight division each take a shot at him. On 205 Live, Amore clarified that due to their actions, none of the cruiserweights could challenge him for the title. Neville explained that he knew that he risked his title rematch, but did not care and would do it again. He then faced Ariya Daivari, who befriended Amore, and Neville won by disqualification after Amore attacked Neville with his crutch. The following Raw, Amore was confronted by the cruiserweights, who were led by Neville and surrounded the ring. However, before they could attack Amore, he revealed that Angle signed another no-contact clause, with this one stating that they would be fired. Angle interrupted and backed up both clauses, but introduced Kalisto as the newest member of the cruiserweight division and who would not be affected by either clause as he had joined the division after they had been signed. Kalisto then attacked Amore. The following week on Raw, Angle scheduled Amore to defend Facts: Answer: Cleveland Cavaliers

Question: TLC: Tables, Ladders, & Chairs WWE event took place at an arena that is also the home of what NBA team? Context: after Cedric Alexander and Rich Swann defeated the team of Noam Dar and Tony Nese, they were confronted by Gentleman Jack Gallagher and The Brian Kendrick. The two complemented Alexander, but said that Swann was holding him back. They gave Alexander the option to join them and allowed him one week to make a decision, while also stating that they would be coming after Swann the following week. Alexander turned down their offer and Swann defeated Kendrick. == Results == == References == == External links == TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs Official Website TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (advertised as TLC: Tables, Ladders, Chairs... and Stairs) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event and WWE Network event produced by WWE. It took place on December 14, 2014 at the Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. It was the sixth annual TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs event, and the only event in the series, to date, to have the "stairs" annotation added to the title. Eight matches were scheduled on the event's card and one match took place on the Kickoff pre-show. The main event saw Bray Wyatt defeat Dean Ambrose in a Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match. In other prominent matches, John Cena defeated Seth Rollins in a tables match to retain the no#1 contendership for a WWE World Heavyweight Championship match, Ryback defeated Kane in a chairs match, Big Show defeated Erick Rowan in the first ever steel stairs match and Dolph Ziggler defeated Luke Harper in a ladder match to win the WWE Intercontinental Championship in the opening bout. The pay-per-view also saw the return of Roman Reigns. It received 39,000 PPV buys (not including WWE Network viewers), which is the lowest since the introduction of the WWE Network earlier in the year, dramatically down from the previous year's 181,000 buys. == Production == === Background === TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs is an annual gimmick pay-per-view, generally produced every December by WWE since 2009. The concept of the show is based on the primary matches of the card each containing a stipulation using tables, ladders, and chairs as legal weapons, with the main event generally being a Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match. 2014 was the sixth event under the TLC chronology, and was advertised as "TLC: Tables, Ladders, Chairs... and Stairs" due to the event featuring a Steel Stairs match. === Storylines === The card consisted Facts: It took place on December 14, 2014 at the Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. Answer: Cleveland Cavaliers

Question: TLC: Tables, Ladders, & Chairs WWE event took place at an arena that is also the home of what NBA team? Context: of Clash of Champions that year.The 2021 TLC was canceled due to the scheduling of a new event titled Day 1 taking place on January 1, 2022. Wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer reported that TLC, which was scheduled for December 19, 2021, was canceled to allow WWE to focus on Day 1 after November's Survivor Series. There would have also only been two weeks between TLC and Day 1, followed by the Royal Rumble in late January. == Concept == The concept of this pay-per-view is that the main event matches have stipulations that involve legally using tables, ladders, and/or chairs. In 2010, every match except one involved tables, ladders, or chairs. During the show, there were Tables matches, Ladder matches, Chairs matches, and TLC matches. In a tables match, the only way to win is to put your opponent through a table. In a ladder match, the only way to win is to climb the ladder and retrieve the item above the ring. In a chairs match, chairs can be used as legal weapons, but the only way to win is by pinfall or submission in the ring. In a TLC match, the same rules apply as a ladder match, but tables and chairs can also be used. == Dates and venues == == See also == Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match == References == == External links == TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs Official Website Facts: Answer: Cleveland Cavaliers

Question: What song did The Lonely Island feature Justin Timberlake in on "SNL" in December of 2006? Context: together, apparently not realizing she has left. == Credits and personnel == Credits and personnel adapted from The Wack Album liner notes. == Charts == == References == == External links == Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics "3-Way (The Golden Rule)" on YouTube The discography of American comedy music troupe The Lonely Island consists of three studio albums, two soundtrack albums, twenty-four singles and thirty-six music videos. Group members Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone began creating live skits, comedy shorts and music parodies together in the early 2000s, having met the previous decade, during their high school years. The Lonely Island later caught the attention of television producer Lorne Michaels, who was impressed by their material. Michaels subsequently hired Samberg, Schaffer and Taccone as cast members and writers for his live sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live. Two musical shorts created by the group for the show, "Lazy Sunday" and "Dick in a Box", gained popularity on the Internet and garnered much media attention.The Lonely Island's 2008 single "Jizz in My Pants" later became the group's first entry on the United States Billboard Hot 100 record chart, where it peaked at number 72. Incredibad, their debut studio album, was released on February 10, 2009 and peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200. It topped the Billboard Top Comedy Albums chart and has sold 358,000 copies in the United States. "I'm on a Boat", the album's third single, peaked at number 56 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 2010 Grammy Awards. The single was later certified two times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).The Lonely Island released their second studio album Turtleneck & Chain on May 10, 2011. The album peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and became the year's top-selling comedy album in the United States. "I Just Had Sex", the album's first single, peaked at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 and received a platinum certification from the RIAA. Three singles from Turtleneck & Chain – "I Just Had Sex", "Jack Sparrow" and "The Creep" – rank among the five highest-selling tracks in the history of the Billboard comedy singles chart. The Wack Album, the group's third studio album, was released on June 11, 2013. It debuted at its peak position of number ten on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales Facts: Group members Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone began creating live skits, comedy shorts and music parodies together in the early 2000s, having met the previous decade, during their high school years. Answer: Dick in a Box

Question: What song did The Lonely Island feature Justin Timberlake in on "SNL" in December of 2006? Context: of 28,000 copies. "YOLO" was the most successful of the album's eight singles, peaking at number 60 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2016, the group wrote, directed, and starred in the mockumentary comedy film Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping, and also recorded its accompanying soundtrack album, which peaked at number 69 on the Billboard 200. == Albums == === Studio albums === === Soundtrack albums === == Singles == == Other charted songs == == Music videos == == Notes == == References == == External links == Official website The Lonely Island at AllMusic The Lonely Island discography at Discogs The Lonely Island discography at MusicBrainz "Dick in a Box" is a song by the American comedy group The Lonely Island, featuring singer Justin Timberlake. The trio—Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer, and Jorma Taccone—co-wrote the song with Timberlake, Katreese Barnes, and Asa Taccone. Barnes and Asa Tacoone co-produced it with Jorma Taccone. Saturday Night Live (SNL) creator and producer Lorne Michaels asked Samberg to write a musical sketch for the 2006 Christmas episode with Timberlake, who was returning as both host and musical guest. Samberg developed the concept with other members of the group before working with Timberlake on December 14. They recorded the track around midnight and spent the next day and a half filming the corresponding music video. The sketch depicts two early 1990s R&B singers, played by Samberg and Timberlake, singing a holiday song about making a Christmas gift for their girlfriends of their penises wrapped in boxes. The sketch premiered on SNL as a Digital Short on December 16, 2006. The word "dick" was bleeped 16 times following an agreement with the Federal Communications Commission. SNL producers published an uncensored version of the sketch online right after its broadcast debut, a decision criticized by the Parents Television Council. More than two years later, the song was released digitally as a single and included on The Lonely Island's debut studio album, Incredibad (2009). "Dick in a Box" became a viral hit on the internet, and had generated more than 28 million views on YouTube by October 2007. The song garnered generally positive reviews from both television and music critics, who praised its raunchy humor and Timberlake's performance. "Dick in a Box" has been recognized retrospectively as The Lonely Island's signature song and one of the best Christmas-themed SNL sketches. The track won the Primetime Emmy Award Facts: "Dick in a Box" is a song by the American comedy group The Lonely Island, featuring singer Justin Timberlake. Answer: Dick in a Box

Question: What song did The Lonely Island feature Justin Timberlake in on "SNL" in December of 2006? Context: box attached to their waists. Their girlfriends seem aroused and excited by their presents, while the men aggressively rub roses and feathers in their faces. Near the chorus, they sing about how their presents are better than other gifts, such as diamond rings, fancy cars, or luxury houses. The duo suggest their present is suitable for all holidays, including Christmas, Hanukkah, and Kwanzaa. At one point, they give step-by-step instructions on how to create the gift. The video cuts back-and-forth to scenes of Samberg and Timberlake dancing and singing in various urban landscapes: in a park, on a ferry in front of the East River, and on a basketball court, where Timberlake is seen hanging from a basketball hoop with a gift box on his crotch. At the end of the video, the men sing about giving the present on multiple occasions—over at their parents' houses, the grocery store, and backstage at the CMAs—while being arrested by the New York City Police Department (NYPD), presumably for indecent exposure. == Composition == "Dick in a Box" is an R&B song with a runtime of 2:41. According to Universal Music Publishing Group's digital sheet music for the song, "Dick in a Box" is composed in the key of C minor and set in common time signature, with a moderately slow groove of 80 beats per minute. The vocals span from the low note of C♯4 to the high note of C♯6. Idolator's Noah said the track is a "slightly more up-front–and generously Yuletide-themed" version of Color Me Badd's "I Wanna Sex You Up" (1991). Mark Lore of News & Review and Gilbert Cruz of Entertainment Weekly noted the middle spoken-word breakdown and the way last syllables of the refrain go increasingly up similar to the work of Color Me Badd. Caroline Palmer of Broadcasting & Cable wrote the duo is a mix of "the greasier portions of New Kids on the Block meets Daryl Hall and John Oates meets the back room of a bad place near a Robins 8th and Walnut". A writer from Stereogum said the duo is "part Backstreet Boys facial hair, part boy-band neo-soul croon."Rolling Stone called "Dick in a Box" a "R-rated, very-bleeped send-up of '90s R&B", while David Jeffries of AllMusic described it as a clever imitation of teen pop. Stephen Saito of Premiere called the song a "three-minute slow jam, an ode to the phallic Facts: Answer: Dick in a Box

Question: The Beast with Two Backs is an album that contains a cover of a song whose single was released in the United States on what date? Context: the 1968 compilation album Magic Bus: The Who on Tour, the remainder of the tracks would not see official US releases until the deluxe edition of A Quick One and Two's Missing. "Bucket 'T'" was released as a single in several European countries. It fared well especially in Sweden, where it stayed on the charts for seven weeks, and peaked at number one for a week in February 1967.Upon its release, it garnered mixed to positive reviews. In a retrospective review, AllMusic critic Richie Unterberger states that "it seemed undecided as to whether it was a joke cover record, or a home for leftovers" and thought that "it ended up a little bit of both" == Track listing == == References == == External links == The Who Official Band Website - Ready Steady Who (EP) List of The Who singles "Can't Get You Out of My Head" is a song that was recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album Fever (2001). Parlophone Records released the song as the album's lead single on 8 September 2001. "Can't Get You Out of My Head", which was written and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis, is a dance-pop, techno-pop and nu-disco song that is known for its "la la la" hook. Its lyrics are about obsession with a love interest. Music critics praised the song's production and Minogue's vocals and labelled it a highlight of Fever. The song reached number one on charts in 40 countries worldwide. It peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart for four weeks and was certified two-times platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). It also topped the Australian Singles Chart and received a three-times Platinum certification from the Australian Recording Industry Association. In the United States, the song peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and became Minogue's first US top-ten single in 13 years. As of 2018, the track has sold over five million copies worldwide. Dawn Shadforth directed the music video for "Can't Get You Out of My Head", which features Minogue dancing against futuristic backdrops; the white jumpsuit she wore in the video became a fashion statement. Since the song's release, Minogue has included it on the set lists of various concert tours. "Can't Get You Out of My Head" appeared on several decade-end lists compiled by media such as Rolling Stone, The Facts: "Can't Get You Out of My Head" is a song that was recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album Fever (2001). Answer: 18 February 2002

Question: The Beast with Two Backs is an album that contains a cover of a song whose single was released in the United States on what date? Context: the song on their list of The Best Number One Records in the United Kingdom, labelling it "sleek, Arctic-blue minimalism, like an emotionally thwarted retelling of Donna Summer's 'I Feel Love' ". "Can't Get You Out of My Head" won the award for Best Single at the 2001 Top of the Pops Awards ceremony. At the 2002 ARIA Music Awards ceremony, it won the awards for Single of the Year and Highest Selling Single, and Minogue won the Outstanding Achievement Award. In 2002, it won a Dutch Edison Award for Single of the Year. At the inaugural Premios Oye! in 2002, the song received a nomination in the Song of the Year category. == Commercial performance == "Can't Get You Out of My Head" reached number one in 40 countries worldwide. In Australia, the song entered the singles chart at number one and remained there for four consecutive weeks. The Australian Recording Industry Association certified it three-times Platinum, for shipments of over 210,000 copies. In the United Kingdom, it faced competition from Victoria Beckham's single "Not Such an Innocent Girl" (2001). On the 29 September 2001 UK Singles Chart, "Can't Get You Out of My Head" debuted at number one with first-week sales of 306,000 copies. It spent four weeks at number one and remained for 25 weeks in the UK's top 40. It was certified two-times Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. As of 2021, it has sold over 1.53 million copies, and by 2013 it was the country's 75th best-selling single of all time. In the United States, "Can't Get You Out of My Head" peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and became Minogue's best-selling US single since "The Loco-Motion" (1987). The Recording Industry Association of America certified "Can't Get You Out of My Head" Gold for shipments of over 500,000 copies.The song was also certified Gold in Belgium, and New Zealand, Platinum in Austria, France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, and Switzerland; and two-times Platinum in Italy. As of February 2018, it is Minogue's highest-selling single with worldwide sales of over five million copies. == Music video == === Development and synopsis === British director Dawn Shadforth directed the music video for "Can't Get You Out of My Head", which includes dance routines that were choreographed by American choreographer Michael Rooney. Minogue's looks—her youthfulness, slim figure and proportionally large mouth–had Facts: in 2002, the song received a nomination in the Song of the Year category. Answer: 18 February 2002

Question: The Beast with Two Backs is an album that contains a cover of a song whose single was released in the United States on what date? Context: sold more than 1.5 million albums worldwide. It produced four singles, three of which reached the top three in the UK. Ellis-Bextor's second album, Shoot from the Hip, was released in October 2003. The album reached number nineteen in the UK and produced two top ten singles. Trip the Light Fantastic, her third album, was released in May 2007. It album reached number seven in the UK. The album produced three singles, one of which reached the top ten in the UK.In 2009, Ellis-Bextor collaborated with dance music group Freemasons on the single "Heartbreak (Make Me a Dancer)", which reached the top 20 in the UK. Her fourth studio album, Make a Scene was released in 2011, charting at number 33 on the UK Albums Chart. For her fifth studio album, Wanderlust, Ellis-Bextor moved to a different style. The album, filled with ballads and folk songs, was released on 20 January 2014 and debuted at number 4 in the UK and at number one on the UK Indie Albums chart. The lead single, "Young Blood", also made the top forty on the Official Singles Chart and top five on the Indie Chart. == Albums == === Studio albums === === Remix albums === === Compilation albums === == Extended plays == == Singles == === As lead artist === === As featured artist === === Promotional singles === == Other appearances == == Video albums == == Music videos == === As lead artist === === As featured artist === == See also == List of songs recorded by Sophie Ellis-Bextor == References == == External links == Official website Sophie Ellis-Bextor at AllMusic Sophie Ellis-Bextor discography at Discogs Sophie Ellis-Bextor discography at MusicBrainz Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs is a 2008 American direct-to-video adult animated science-fiction comedy-adventure film based on the animated series Futurama, and the second of four straight-to-DVD films that make up the show's fifth season. The film was released in the United States and Canada on June 24, 2008, followed by a UK release on June 30, 2008 and an Australian release on August 6, 2008. The title refers to a euphemism for sexual intercourse—"the beast with two backs". Comedy Central aired the film as a "four-part epic" on October 19, 2008. The movie won an Annie Award for "Best Animated Home Entertainment Production". == Plot == A month after the universe was ripped Facts: Answer: 18 February 2002

Question: The Beast with Two Backs is an album that contains a cover of a song whose single was released in the United States on what date? Context: Miami Beach, Florida, she was not prepared to record and had to attend the opening concert of her husband Jay-Z's tour. However, when she heard a demo of the song, she was impressed and wanted to record it immediately.Knowles, Wayne Wilkins and Jim Jonsin did some additional writing and produced the song alongside Love at the same studio. Knowles and Love worked on the vocal arrangements; Knowles appreciated Love's background vocals in the hook and retained them. Jim Caruana assisted in recording the music. Love then recorded Knowles' vocals; the recording session lasted for an hour. Lastly, Wilkins mixed the track. "Sweet Dreams" appears on the Sasha Fierce disc of I Am... Sasha Fierce as it allowed Knowles to portray her alter ego Sasha Fierce, whom Knowles described as her "fun, more sensual, more aggressive, more outspoken [...] and more glamorous side". == Composition and lyrical interpretation == "Sweet Dreams" is an electropop song that incorporates elements of rock and old-school funk music. The song is built on undulating electro rhythms and a thumping beat; its groove fits into hip hop phrasing. It is mainly driven by a keyboard and also has guitar, piano, synthesizer, snare drum and bass instrumentation. Many music critics noted that several components of "Sweet Dreams" are reminiscent of the songs on Michael Jackson's 1982 album Thriller. James Montgomery of MTV News said that the "gnarly low end" sounds like Jackson's song "Beat It" (1983). Nick Levine of Digital Spy noted that the electronic bassline is similar to those used in Jackson's songs "Thriller" (1983) and "Bad" (1987). Arielle Castillo of the Miami New Times noted that Jackson could use the beat of "Sweet Dreams" to bring up to date his Thriller-era style.The lyrics of "Sweet Dreams" are about a female protagonist who has some insecurities about her new romantic relationship; she is confused about whether her relationship with her partner is a "sweet dream or a beautiful nightmare". The song starts with a bassline, which is occasionally interrupted by spare snare kicks, drum fills and Knowles' chanting, "Turn the lights on". She then adopts slinky vocals to begin the first verse. The "expansive-yet-molecular" chorus then starts with the line, "You can be a sweet dream or a beautiful nightmare / Either way, I don't wanna wake up from you". The song is written in the key of E-flat minor with a tempo of 122 beats Facts: Answer: 18 February 2002

Question: The Beast with Two Backs is an album that contains a cover of a song whose single was released in the United States on what date? Context: that Knowles' vocals, which he called, "icy and cool, slippery like mercury [and] nothing to scoff at either", help make the song an "undeniable smash" that is unique compared to the work of other artists. Jennifer Vineyard of the same publication argued that the rock elements and smooth vocals contribute to Knowles' "fierce" alter ego, who "dares the listener to dream of her, warning that it might be a 'beautiful nightmare'." Arielle Castillo of Miami New Times noted that "Sweet Dreams" is another one of Jim Jonsin's productions with a keyboard-propelled arrangement, but unlike the material Jonsin crafted for Soulja Boy, the song is "swirling, and darker". Joey Guerra of the Houston Chronicle and Gary Trust of Billboard magazine agreed and said the song is one of Knowles' purest dance songs and is "an irresistible call to the dance floor". Describing "Sweet Dreams" as a "cool dance track", Dennis Amith of J!-ENT complimented its arrangement, calling it "experimental" with "cool transitions".Adam Mazmanian of The Washington Times described the song as "a gritty slow grind with a salacious bassline" and noted that Knowles "delivers a near parody of a good-girl voice" while singing the chorus. Ryan Dombal of Pitchfork Media wrote that "Sweet Dreams" sounds like a song Rihanna would sing. Echoing Dombal's sentiments, Nick Levine of Digital Spy wrote that the best song on the Sasha Fierce disc is a "dark[ish] electropop track called 'Sweet Dreams', [which] actually sounds like the cousin of Rihanna's 'Disturbia'". On a separate review for the single, Levine awarded "Sweet Dreams" a rating of four stars out of five, and commented that the song seduces listeners with its catchy chorus hook, and thereafter keeps them intrigued by "placing a hint of darkness just beneath the shiny, synthy surface". Spence D. of IGN Music wrote that though "Sweet Dreams" is not a "stellar track", it is superior to other album tracks, including "Diva" and "Radio". Similarly, Vicki Lutas of BBC Music wrote that even though "Sweet Dreams" appears to lack something, it is undeniably a good song overall. She added that "Sweet Dreams" may not be Knowles' finest or most memorable work, but it remains her best offering since her 2003 song "Crazy in Love". Lutas also commended Knowles' vocal delivery, which he described as "beautiful and soft, yet strong and powerful". Talia Kraines of the same publication wrote that "Sweet Dreams" is one of the Facts: Answer: 18 February 2002

Question: The Beast with Two Backs is an album that contains a cover of a song whose single was released in the United States on what date? Context: standout tracks on the Sasha Fierce disc though she believed Knowles did not get as experimental as she did on her 2006 song "Ring the Alarm". === Recognition and accolades === "Sweet Dreams" earned Knowles the Best Female Vocal accolade at the 2009 Music MP3 Awards. It was nominated for Best R&B/Urban Dance Track at the 25th Annual International Dance Music Awards, but lost to the Black Eyed Peas's 2009 song "I Gotta Feeling". It was also nominated for the Viewers Choice Award at the 2010 BET Awards. The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) recognized "Sweet Dreams" as one of the most performed songs of 2009 at the 27th ASCAP Pop Music Awards. On the occasion of Knowles' thirtieth birthday, Erika Ramirez and Jason Lipshutz of Billboard magazine ranked the song at number 21 on their list of Knowles' 30 biggest Billboard hits, and noted that its electropop sound, which was in contrast to Knowles' previous singles, showcased her range of talent. On The Village Voice's 2009 Pazz & Jop singles list, "Sweet Dreams" was ranked at number 115. In 2013, John Boone and Jennifer Cady of E! Online placed the song at number five on their list of ten best Knowles' songs, writing that Knowles "stepped away from R&B roots with this surreal electropop tune, which features these standout lyrics: 'My guilty pleasure, I ain't going nowhere / As long as you're here, I'll be floating on air' (which, from Bey's mouth, sounds like the greatest threat ever)". == Chart performance == "Sweet Dreams" debuted at number 97 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart issue dated August 8, 2009. It peaked at number ten for two non-consecutive weeks on the charts issued dated November 7 and 21, 2009. The song became Knowles' thirteenth top ten Hot 100 single as a solo artist during the 2000s, and tied her with Ludacris and T-Pain for second-most top tens on the chart since 2000; Knowles' husband Jay-Z lead with fourteen in that period. Knowles' is the third song titled "Sweet Dreams" to reach the top ten of the Hot 100 chart, following "Sweet Dreams" by Air Supply in 1982 and "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" by Eurythmics in 1983. For the week ending September 12, 2009, it topped the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart; it became Knowles' eleventh number-one song, and was the fourth song from Facts: Answer: 18 February 2002

Question: The Beast with Two Backs is an album that contains a cover of a song whose single was released in the United States on what date? Context: back, and maybe suffered a bit for doing so, but there were still plenty of subtly great moments, particularly in the verses. Might not have been her best—it definitely lacked in vocal fireworks ... And really, it was good enough".Mellisa Locker of Rolling Stone praised Sanchez's performance, calling it a "brilliant job" and adding that "it's risky, but Beyoncé has done it, and if anyone can pull off a dazzling repeat performance, it's Jessica". She further compared the performance with the dream sequence from the 1945 film Spellbound but noted that it was "slightly weirder". Jim Farber of the Daily News commented that "her take on a song by her clear role model, Beyoncé, showed too much similarity in their timbres and phrasing, making Sanchez's voice seem redundant ... despite the fact she switched up the arrangement of the bootylicious song she chose, 'Sweet Dreams.'" Amy Reiter of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "Sanchez gave yet another perfectly calibrated performance with Beyoncé's 'Sweet Dreams,' balancing restraint and power. Everything from her voice to her dress to the red door she walked through seemed polished and tour-ready". The Arizona Republic's Randy Cordova praised the performance, saying that the slow-tempo version allowed Sanchez "to really delve into the song's emotional core". The Hollywood Reporter's Erin Carlson praised the tonned-down theatrical stage during the performance and Sanchez's vibrato voice, further describing the performance as a "near-perfection". == Formats and track listings == == Credits and personnel == Credits are taken from I Am... Sasha Fierce liner notes. Beyoncé Knowles – lead vocals, music producer, songwriter Rico Love – vocal producer, music producer, songwriter, additional vocals Jim Caruana – recording engineer James Scheffer – music producer, songwriter Wayne Wilkins – songwriter, audio mixer, music producer == Charts == == Certifications == == Release history == == See also == List of Billboard Hot Dance Club Play number ones of 2009 List of Billboard Rhythmic number-one songs of the 2000s List of number-one singles from the 2000s (New Zealand) == References == == External links == Official music video on YouTube The making-of "Sweet Dreams" music video on YouTube Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics The Beast with Two Backs is the seventh full-length studio album by British goth rock band Inkubus Sukkubus. It contains 12 original tracks and a cover of 'Can't Get You Out of My Head' by Kylie Minogue with altered lyrics Facts: The Beast with Two Backs is the seventh full-length studio album by British goth rock band Inkubus Sukkubus. Answer: 18 February 2002

Question: Q: Staten Island and 125 Greenwich Street are both places in which City? Context: and MV John A. Noble, which were built in 1986 and are commonly referred to as "the Little Boats" or "Mini Barberis". Each boat has a crew of nine, carries 1,280 passengers but not cars, is 207 feet (63 m) long and 40 feet (12 m) wide, with a draft of 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m), of 499 gross tons, with a service speed of 16 knots (30 km/h), and engines capable of 3,200 horsepower (2.4 MW). Their namesakes are Alice Austen (1866–1952), a Staten Island photographer, and John A. Noble (1913–83), a Staten Island marine artist.Austen-class vessels usually operate late at night and into the early morning, when ridership is lower. Plans call for either the Alice Austen or the John A. Noble to be converted from using low-sulfur diesel as fuel to liquefied natural gas (LNG), in an effort to halve fuel consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent. ==== Molinari class ==== The "Molinari class" consists of MV Guy V. Molinari, MV Senator John J. Marchi, and MV Spirit of America. Each boat has a crew of 16, carries a maximum of 4,427 passengers and up to 30 vehicles, is 310 feet (94 m) long by 70 feet (21 m) wide, with a draft of 13 feet 10 inches (4.22 m), of 2,794 gross tons, with a service speed of 16 knots (30 km/h), and engines capable of 9,000 horsepower (6.7 MW). Built by the Manitowoc Marine Group in Marinette, Wisconsin, they are designed to have a look and ambiance reminiscent of the classic New York ferryboats.The lead boat is named after Guy V. Molinari, a former U.S. Representative for several Staten Island districts, who later became a borough president of Staten Island. It was delivered in September 2004. The second ferry was named for State Senator John Marchi, who represented Staten Island for fifty years and delivered January 5, 2005. The third ferry, Spirit of America, was delivered September 16, 2005 and scheduled to be put into service on October 25, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the municipal takeover of the Staten Island Ferry from the B&O railroad. Mechanical problems on the Molinari-class ferries and legal proceedings kept Spirit of America sidelined at the Staten Island Ferry's St. George maintenance facility until its maiden voyage on April 4, 2006. Since delivery, the ferries have been beset by frequent breakdowns, with 58 such Facts: Answer: New York City

Question: Q: Staten Island and 125 Greenwich Street are both places in which City? Context: == References == == External links == https://www.siths.org/ Staten Island Technical High School 125 Greenwich Street (also known as 22 Thames Street) is a residential skyscraper being built in the Financial District in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The tower is two blocks south of One World Trade Center on the site of the former Western Electric building, and directly across from the site of the demolished Deutsche Bank Building. The building was designed by architect Rafael Viñoly, with interiors designed by British duo March & White. When complete, the tower will stand at a height of 912 feet (278 m), making it the 20th tallest building in the city. == History == In September 2014, it was announced that the tower would stand 1,356 feet (413 m), with 77 floors and 128 residential units. The foundation of the building was completed in June 2016. In 2017, the building's height was revised to 912 feet (278 m), with 88 floors and 273 units. == Design == The tower has distinctly rounded corners with curved floor-to-ceiling glass. The building is nearly column-free, and two I-beam-shaped shear walls that run vertically through the slender tower support the floors of the building. The top three floors contain amenities including entertainment space, private dining rooms, a fitness center, lap pool, and a spa. The building will contain 273 apartments that will come in studios through three-bedroom variants. == References == Staten Island () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Richmond County, in the U.S. state of New York. Located in the southwest portion of the city, the borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull and from the rest of New York by New York Bay. With a population of 495,747 in the 2020 Census, Staten Island is the least-populated of the boroughs but is the third-largest in land area at 58.5 sq mi (152 km2). A home to Lenape natives, the island was settled by Dutch colonists in the 17th century. It was one of the 12 original counties of New York state. Staten Island was consolidated with New York City in 1898. It was formally known as the Borough of Richmond until 1975, when its name was changed to Borough of Staten Island. Staten Island has sometimes been called "the forgotten borough" by inhabitants who feel neglected by the city government.The North Facts: 125 Greenwich Street (also known as 22 Thames Street) is a residential skyscraper being built in the Financial District in Lower Manhattan, New York City. Answer: New York City

Question: Q: Staten Island and 125 Greenwich Street are both places in which City? Context: Shore—especially the neighborhoods of St. George, Tompkinsville, Clifton, and Stapleton—is the most urban part of the island. It contains the designated St. George Historic District and the St. Paul's Avenue-Stapleton Heights Historic District, which feature large Victorian houses. The East Shore is home to the 2.5-mile (4 km) F.D.R. Boardwalk, the fourth-longest boardwalk in the world. The South Shore, site of the 17th-century Dutch and French Huguenot settlement, developed rapidly beginning in the 1960s and 1970s and is now mostly suburban in character. The West Shore is the least populated and most industrial part of the island. Motor traffic can reach the borough from Brooklyn via the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge and from New Jersey via the Outerbridge Crossing, Goethals Bridge and Bayonne Bridge. Staten Island has Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) bus lines and an MTA rapid transit line, the Staten Island Railway, which runs from the ferry terminal at St. George to Tottenville. Staten Island is the only borough that is not connected to the New York City Subway system. The free Staten Island Ferry connects the borough to Manhattan across New York Harbor. It provides views of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, and Lower Manhattan. == History == === Native Americans === As in much of North America, human habitation appeared on the island fairly rapidly after the Wisconsin glaciation. Archaeologists have recovered tool evidence of Clovis culture activity dating from about 14,000 years ago. This evidence was first discovered in 1917 in the Charleston section of the island. Various Clovis artifacts have been discovered since then, on property owned by Mobil Oil. The island was probably abandoned later, possibly because of the extirpation of large mammals on the island. Evidence of the first permanent Native American settlements and agriculture are thought to date from about 5,000 years ago, although early archaic habitation evidence has been found in multiple locations on the island.Rossville points are distinct arrowheads that define a Native American cultural period from the Archaic period to the Early Woodland period, dating from about 1500 to 100 BC. They are named for the Rossville section of Staten Island, where they were first found near the old Rossville Post Office building. At the time of European contact, the island was inhabited by the Raritan band of the Unami division of the Lenape. In Lenape, one of the Algonquian languages, Staten Island was called Aquehonga Manacknong, meaning "as far Facts: Staten Island is the only borough that is not connected to the New York City Subway system. Answer: New York City

Question: Q: Staten Island and 125 Greenwich Street are both places in which City? Context: Government and politics == === History === Since New York City's consolidation in 1898, Staten Island has been governed by the New York City Charter that provides for a "strong" mayor-council system. The centralized New York City government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services on Staten Island. The office of Borough president was created in the consolidation of 1898 to balance centralization with local authority. Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the New York City Board of Estimate, which was responsible for creating and approving the city's budget and proposals for land use. The Office of Borough President became one focal point for opinions over the Vietnam War when former intelligence agent and peace activist Ed Murphy ran for office in 1973, sponsored by the Staten Island Democratic Association. Murphy's combat veteran status deflected traditional right-wing attacks on liberals, and the campaign facilitated the emergence of more liberal politics on Staten Island. In Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris (1989), the Supreme Court of the United States declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the board than Staten Island, the least populous borough, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 "one man, one vote" decision. Since 1990 the Borough president has acted as an advocate for the borough at the mayoral agencies, the City Council, the New York state government, and corporations. Staten Island's Borough President is James Oddo, a Republican elected in November 2013 with 69.1% of the vote. Oddo is the only Republican borough president in New York City. === Staten Island flag === The Staten Island flag uses its old borough seal as a flag. === Politics === Staten Island's politics differ considerably from the rest of New York City. While the other four boroughs tend to be strongly Democratic, Staten Island is considered the most conservative, and the only one where Republicans usually do well. Although in 2005 44.7% of the borough's registered voters were registered Democrats and 30.6% were registered Republicans, the Republican Party holds a majority of local public offices. Staten Island is the base of New York City's Republican Party in citywide elections. The main political divide Facts: Answer: New York City

Question: Q: Staten Island and 125 Greenwich Street are both places in which City? Context: contained the longest vertical lift, steel arch, and suspension bridges in the world: the Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge, Bayonne Bridge, and Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, respectively. The Arthur Kill Bridge still holds the title for longest vertical lift bridge, while the Bayonne and Verrazzano bridges are now the 5th- and 14th-longest in their respective categories. === Roads === As of 2015, 82% of Staten Island households owned a car, the highest rate of any borough. Citywide, the rate was 45%. Unlike the other four boroughs, Staten Island has no large, numbered grid system for its roads. New Dorp's grid has a few numbered streets, but they do not intersect with any numbered avenues. Some neighborhoods organize their street names alphabetically. In addition to the island's highways (I-278, NY 440, Korean War Veterans Parkway), the borough's neighborhoods are connected by a number of heavily trafficked roads including Hylan Boulevard, the longest street in New York City. === Public transit === As of 2021, public transportation on the island is limited to: New York City Department of Transportation (Staten Island Ferry) MTA Regional Bus Operations (local service on Staten Island, including some service to Brooklyn; and express service to Manhattan) Staten Island Railway service from St. George to Tottenville ==== Ferry ==== The Staten Island Ferry is the only transportation directly from Staten Island to Manhattan, roughly a 25-minute trip. The St. George Terminal, first opened in 1886, was rebuilt in 1951 and again in the 2000s. The ferry has been fare-free since 1997. The Staten Island Ferry transports over 60,000 passengers per day. It runs 24/7 every 15 to 20 minutes during weekday rush hours and every 30 minutes at other times. The ferries and both of its terminals are patrolled by a combination of the New York City Department of Transportation, New York City Police Department, United States Coast Guard and private security contractors.An NYC Ferry route is planned to start operating in 2021 between St. George Terminal and Manhattan's West Side. This route will be operated separately from the Staten Island Ferry and will charge a fare. ==== Trains ==== The Staten Island Railway, currently the borough's only passenger railroad, traverses the island 24/7 from its northeastern tip to its southwestern tip. The Staten Island Railway opened in 1860 and was owned and operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) until July 1, 1971, when the line was bought Facts: Answer: New York City

Question: "A Father's Watch" is the 614th episode of an animated television series that airs on what network? Context: The twenty-eighth season of the animated television series The Simpsons began airing on Fox in the United States on September 25, 2016, and ended on May 21, 2017. On May 4, 2015, Fox announced that The Simpsons had been renewed for season 28.This season includes the 600th episode of the show, "Treehouse of Horror XXVII". On August 31, 2016, it was announced that an episode titled "The Caper Chase", inspired by Trump University, would air sometime in 2017; the episode aired on April 2.This season also includes the show's first hour-long episode, "The Great Phatsby", a parody of The Great Gatsby. Other noteworthy events and gags include a Pokémon Go-themed episode ("Looking for Mr. Goodbart"), couch gags spoofing Robot Chicken and Adventure Time, an episode that shows how Homer learned to feel better with food ("Fatzcarraldo"), Mr. Burns hiring all of the Simpsons (except Homer) to become his "pretend" family ("Friends and Family"), and Glenn Close returning as Mona ("Fatzcarraldo").This was the final season scored by longtime Simpsons composer Alf Clausen. This also marked the first season where former recurring guest star Kevin Michael Richardson joined the regular supporting cast, starting with the episode "The Last Traction Hero". == Episodes == == References == "Won't You Pimai Neighbor?" is the 18th episode of the fourth season of the US animated television series King of the Hill. The 78th episode of the series overall, it originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 19, 2000. The name of the episode alludes to the theme song of the public television series Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood, "Won't You Be My Neighbor?" == Plot == Hosting a neighborhood Pimai party to celebrate the beginning of the Laotian lunar year, Kahn soon learns that a group of Buddhist monks is searching for the reincarnated lama Sanglug in the vicinity of Arlen. The monks are planning to attend the party and test the two most likely candidates, Chane Wassonasong and Connie Souphanousinphone. At the party, a number of objects, one of which belonged to Sanglug, are laid out on a rug for the candidates to choose from, the idea being that Sanglug's reincarnated spirit will be drawn to the object he had possessed. In an attempt to distract Chane and give Connie first pick, Bobby picks up a cane from the rug and does an impromptu soft shoe dance. The cane is in Facts: The twenty-eighth season of the animated television series The Simpsons began airing on Fox in the United States on September 25, 2016, and ended on May 21, 2017. Answer: Fox

Question: "A Father's Watch" is the 614th episode of an animated television series that airs on what network? Context: junior monk notes that the mirror was the correct item, and that Bobby had at least used it despite not choosing it outright. "Tough call", the senior monk admits, "but it's mine, and I made it." == Depiction of Buddhism == The monks depicted in this episode seem to belong to the Tibetan Vajrayana tradition; they are referred to as "lama" and their leader "the Rinpoche", the mantra Bobby chants is Om Mani Padme Hum which is also chanted by Tibetan Buddhist practitioners, and the search for the reincarnation of the Lama Sanglung seems to be a reference to the Tibetan tulku tradition. By contrast, Laos (and presumably the Souphanousinphone family as Laotians) belongs to the Theravada Buddhist tradition, which makes use of neither the title of "lama" for monks nor of the practice of identifying reincarnated spiritual leaders. The episode makes it clear that Kahn is not terribly concerned with the religious aspects and is primarily interested in social clout, saying "Yeah, yeah, Buddhist, whatever. Monks!" == Reception == The episode was shown at the "International Buddhist Film Festival", which praised its "good writing and fearless satire". It also was nominated for the Annie Awards for directing. == References == "A Father's Watch" is the eighteenth episode of the twenty-eighth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 614th episode of the series overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on March 19, 2017. == Plot == Two recently deceased frogs meet in heaven and say they are proud to have died for a noble cause: so Bart can dissect them in science class for the pursuit of knowledge. However, they are horrified and angry when Bart laughingly mutilates the body he left behind. Marge despairs over Bart's terrible report card (she says they can't even hang it on the fridge in the garage). Several Springfield parents go to parenting expert Dr. Clarity Hoffman-Roth's lecture for advice. Following her recommendation of giving kids trophies for achieving either laughably simple tasks or doing absolutely nothing, Homer opens a trophy store. However, Bart volunteers to be the store's assistant and, after his shoddy work is revealed, Homer loses his temper and rants at length about what a "pathetic loser" Bart is and always will be, unaware that a devastated Bart has heard what he said. Meanwhile, Lisa lashes out against the Trophy Culture – not least Facts: "A Father's Watch" is the eighteenth episode of the twenty-eighth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 614th episode of the series overall. Answer: Fox

Question: George Shirley Switzer started the Smithsonian Institution's famed National Gem and Mineral Collection by acquiring what jewel weighs 45.52 carats? Context: George Shirley Switzer (June 11, 1915 – March 23, 2008) was an American mineralogist who is credited with starting the Smithsonian Institution's famed National Gem and Mineral Collection by acquiring the Hope Diamond for the museum in 1958. Switzer made the arrangements when renowned New York City jeweler Harry Winston decided to donate the Hope Diamond to the Smithsonian.Switzer was also known for his analysis of moon rocks which were brought back by NASA missions to the Moon.Today, the National Gem and Mineral Collection at the National Museum of Natural History currently contains more than 15,000 individual gems in the collection, as well as 350,000 minerals and 300,000 samples of rock and ore specimens. Additionally, the Smithsonian's National Gem and Mineral Collection houses approximately 35,000 meteorites, constituting what is considered to be one of the most comprehensive collections of its kind in the world. == Early life == George Switzer was born in Petaluma, California on June 11, 1915. He was the son of Albert and Charlotte Ryan Switzer.Switzer first attended Santa Rosa Junior College before earning his bachelor's degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1937. He then obtained his master's degree in mineralogy from Harvard University in 1939. He continued at Harvard and earned his doctorate from the University in 1942.He worked as a professor both at Stanford University from 1939 to 1940, and at Harvard University from 1940 to 1945. Switzer tried to enlist in the United States military during World War II, but a recruiter reportedly told him that his years of education could be put to better use elsewhere. So during the war, he also worked as a crystallographer for Majestic Radio & TV Corp., where he worked keeping aircraft radio frequencies up and running. == Smithsonian == Switzer first joined the staff of the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History in 1948. He initially worked as an associate curator of the museum's Division of Mineralogy and Petrology, a position which he held from 1948 until 1964. He was later promoted to Chairman of the Smithsonian's Department of Mineral Sciences from 1964 to 1969. He remained at the Smithsonian as the curator emeritus until 1975.Switzer was a major force behind the museum's research division. He applied for and received a grant from NASA, which allowed the Smithsonian to obtain an electron probe micro-analyzer for minerals during the 1970s. The micro-analyzer allows scientists to determine Facts: George Shirley Switzer (June 11, 1915 – March 23, 2008) was an American mineralogist who is credited with starting the Smithsonian Institution's famed National Gem and Mineral Collection by acquiring the Hope Diamond for the museum in 1958. Answer: The Hope Diamond

Question: George Shirley Switzer started the Smithsonian Institution's famed National Gem and Mineral Collection by acquiring what jewel weighs 45.52 carats? Context: is the preferred term for gems found in the Yogo Gulch, whereas "Montana sapphire" generally refers to gems found in other Montana locations. More gem-quality sapphires are produced in Montana than anywhere else in North America. Montana sapphires come in a variety of colors, though rubies are rare.The first sapphires found in the United States were discovered on May 5, 1865, along the Missouri River, about 14 miles (23 km) east of Helena, in Lewis and Clark County, by Ed "Sapphire" Collins. Collins sent the sapphires to Tiffany's in New York City, and to Amsterdam for evaluation; however, those sapphires were of poor coloring and low overall quality, garnering little notice and giving Montana sapphires a poor reputation. Corundum was also found at Dry Cottonwood Creek near Butte in 1889, Rock Creek near Philipsburg in 1892, and Quartz Gulch near Bozeman in 1894. By 1890, the English-owned Sapphire and Ruby Mining Company had bought several thousand acres of land where Montana sapphires were found, but the venture failed after a few years because of fraudulent practices by the owners.Sapphires from these three sites are routinely heat-treated to enhance color. While millions of carats of sapphires have been mined from the Missouri River deposits, there has been little commercial activity there since the 1990s because of the high cost of recovery and environmental concerns. Production at Dry Cottonwood Creek has been sporadic and low-yielding. The Rock Creek area, also known as Gem Mountain, continues to be the most productive site in Montana, even more so than Yogo Gulch, producing over 190,000,000 carats (38,000,000 g) of sapphires since its inception in 1906. Other than Yogo, Montana sapphire mines have been less successful because they have few blue sapphires and non-blue sapphires have low profit margins.These gems inspired the names of features: the mountains near Rock Creek are known as the Sapphire Mountains. Garnets are also found at some Montana sapphire sites, inspiring the name of the Garnet Range, which lies to the north of the Sapphire Mountains. In 1969, the sapphire and agate were jointly declared Montana's two official state gemstones. == History == Mining of Yogo sapphires was exceptionally difficult and remains sporadic today. Even so, Yogo sapphire mining turned out to be more valuable than several gold strikes. The Yogo area also produced small amounts of silver, copper, and iron.Yogo Gulch lies in a region originally inhabited by the Piegan Facts: Answer: The Hope Diamond

Question: George Shirley Switzer started the Smithsonian Institution's famed National Gem and Mineral Collection by acquiring what jewel weighs 45.52 carats? Context: a bronze medal at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri. Farnham was the creator of the most elaborate piece of jewelry ever made with Yogo sapphires, the life-size Tiffany Iris Brooch, a brooch ornament, which contains 120 Yogo sapphires set in platinum, and sold on March 17, 1900, for $6,906.84. In 1923, First Lady Florence Harding was given an "all Montana" ring made from a Yogo sapphire and Montana gold. In 1952, Gadsden gave cut Yogo sapphires to President Harry Truman, his wife Bess, and their daughter Margaret. Many Yogo sapphires were also sold in Europe, as some Yogo mining was conducted by British interests. Yogo sapphires may have been in the personal collections of some members of the British royal family in the 1910s, but promotional claims that Yogo sapphires are in any of the crown jewels of England cannot be conclusively proven or disproven. Claims that the gem in the engagement ring of Lady Diana Spencer and Kate Middleton is a Yogo are dubious; the gem is thought to be of Sri Lankan origin. The story that the gem is a Yogo can be traced to a 1984 Los Angeles Times article that described the ring as a 9-carat (1.8 g) sapphire, and quoted Intergem president Dennis Brown's claim that the gem may have come from a British-owned Yogo mine. == See also == Bismarck Sapphire Necklace Hall Sapphire and Diamond Necklace Logan sapphire == Notes == == Footnotes == == References == == External links == Birth of a Yogo sapphire (photo sequence showing cutting of 7.73 rough to a 2.62 carat finished gem) Development of Montana Sapphire Industry New Mine Sapphire Syndicate Records, 1889-1967 (University of Montana Archives) The Hope Diamond is one of the most famous jewels in the world, with ownership records dating back almost four centuries. Its much-admired rare blue color is due to trace amounts of boron atoms. Weighing 45.52 carats, its exceptional size has revealed new findings about the formation of diamonds. The stone originated from the Kollur Mine, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh in India. The stone is one from the world famous Golconda Diamonds. Earliest records show the stone was purchased in 1666 by French gem merchant Jean-Baptiste Tavernier as the Tavernier Blue.The Tavernier Blue was cut and yielded the French Blue (Le bleu de France), which Tavernier sold to King Louis XIV in 1668. Stolen in 1791, Facts: The Hope Diamond is one of the most famous jewels in the world, with ownership records dating back almost four centuries. 52 carats, its exceptional size has revealed new findings about the formation of diamonds. Answer: The Hope Diamond

Question: Who is in unrequited love with the daughter of Egeus? Context: Stoddard, Elizzle, "Before the Mirror" (1895) Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, "The Lady of Shalott" (1833, 1842), "Lancelot and Elaine" from the Idylls of the King (1859) White, T.H., The Once and Future King (1958) === Appearances and other references === The character appears in Guy Gavriel Kay's Fionavar Tapestry, in the person of the lios alfar (ie. "light elf") Leyse Loreena McKennit created a musical adaptation of Tennyson's "The Lady of Shalott" == See also == Elaine (legend) == References == == External links == Works related to Lancelot and Elaine at Wikisource Elaine of Astolat/The Lady of Shalott at The Camelot Project A torch song is a sentimental love song, typically one in which the singer laments an unrequited or lost love, either where one party is oblivious to the existence of the other, where one party has moved on, or where a romantic affair has affected the relationship. The term comes from the saying, "to carry a torch for someone", or to keep aflame the light of an unrequited love. Tommy Lyman started the use in his praise of "My Melancholy Baby".The term is also explicitly cited in the song "Jim", popularized by versions by Billie Holiday, Sarah Vaughan and Ella Fitzgerald: Torch-singing is more of a niche than a genre and can stray from the traditional jazz-influenced style of singing; the American tradition of the torch song typically relies upon the melodic structure of the blues. An example of a collection is Billie Holiday's 1955 album Music for Torching. == See also == Sentimental ballads == References == == External links == Torch Songs at AllMusic Egeus is a character in A Midsummer Night's Dream, the comedy by William Shakespeare. He is an Athenian who tries to keep his daughter, Hermia, from marrying Lysander (the man she loves). In original performances, the actor for his role probably played the part of Philostrate as well. Egeus wants Hermia to marry Demetrius. == Role in the play == Appearing in Scene 1 and Scene 11, Egeus is the father of Hermia, who disapproves of Hermia's and Lysander's love, appealing to Theseus to force Hermia to marry Demetrius. If Hermia refuses to wed Demetrius, she could be put to death, or cloistered in a nunnery for the rest of her life — both sentences supported by Athenian law. == Criticism == Egeus plays a key part in illustrating the loveplay's theme Facts: He is an Athenian who tries to keep his daughter, Hermia, from marrying Lysander (the man she loves). Answer: Demetrius

Question: Who is in unrequited love with the daughter of Egeus? Context: Been Better deals with the subject. "Johnny Angel", a number one hit song by singer and actress Shelley Fabares, has a relatively notable example of unrequited love. According to the lyrics of this song, a girl falls in love with a boy who doesn't even know that she exists. She even declines countless dates with other boys, just to fully concentrate on the boy she loves. And she has dreams about what the world would be like if the boy loves her. In its sequel, "Johnny Loves Me", also by Fabares, the girl later wins the boy's heart, convincing him to believe that the girl does exist. The comics strip Peanuts features multiple different characters engaged in unrequited love relationships. Commenting on the abundance of unrequited love in the series, author Charles Schulz said that he did not know why there is so much unrequited love, but it is something everyone can relate to.Unrequited Love is a pop album by actress singer songwriter Hillary Hawkins with songs such as "Missing You". == See also == == References == == Further reading == Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy (New York 1951) THE THIRD PARTITION: LOVE-MELANCHOLY J. Reid Meloy, Violent Attachments (1997) Peabody, Susan 1989, 1994, 2005, "Addiction to Love: Overcoming Obsession and Dependency in Relationships." Mead, Nicole L.; Baumeister, Roy F. (2007), "Unrequited love", in Baumeister, Roy F.; Vohs, Kathleen D. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Social Psychology, SAGE Publications, ISBN 9781412916707 == External links == How unrequited love can be an illness, or even fatal (BBC) Is there such a thing as unrequited love? (Psychology Today) meaning of unrequited love, its signs and how to handle it (Powerful Sight) meaning of unrequited love, is not just a feeling, it's a part of life that buns the soul inside out! Hermia is a fictional character from Shakespeare's play, A Midsummer Night's Dream. She is a girl of ancient Athens named for Hermes, the Greek god of trade. == Overview == Hermia is caught in a romantic entanglement where she loves one man, Lysander, but is being courted by another, Demetrius, whose feelings she does not return. Though she loves Lysander, Hermia's father, Egeus, wants her to marry Demetrius and has appealed to Theseus, the Duke of Athens, for support. Under Athenian law, Hermia's refusal of her father's command would result in her being put to death or being banished to a nunnery. Facts: Hermia is caught in a romantic entanglement where she loves one man, Lysander, but is being courted by another, Demetrius, whose feelings she does not return. Answer: Demetrius

Question: Searching for Jerry Garcia is the final studio album of a Detroit rapper who died in what year? Context: minority shareholder and celebrity spokesperson, Jackson worked with the company to create a new grape flavored "Formula 50" variant of VitaminWater and mentioned the drinks in various songs and interviews. In 2007, Coca-Cola purchased Glacéau for $4.1 billion and, according to Forbes, Jackson, who was a minority shareholder, earned $100 million from the deal after taxes.Though he no longer has an equity stake in the company, Jackson continues to act as a spokesperson for VitaminWater, supporting the product including singing about it at the BET Awards and expressing his excitement over the company's continuing to allow his input on products. He joined Right Guard to introduce a body spray (Pure 50 RGX) and endorsed Magic Stick condoms, planning to donate part of their proceeds to increasing HIV awareness. Jackson signed a multi-year deal with Steiner Sports to sell his memorabilia, and announced plans for a dietary-supplement company in conjunction with his film Spectacular Regret in August 2007. Jackson has founded two film production companies: G-Unit Films in 2003 and Cheetah Vision in 2008. Cheetah Vision produces low budget action thrillers for foreign film markets across the world. When G-Unit Films folded, he focused on Cheetah Vision and the company obtained $200 million in funding in 2010. In 2010, Jackson revived G-Unit Films, renaming the company to G-Unit Films and Television Inc. The company has joint ventures with Will Packer's production company Will Packer Productions and Universal Television. In over 18 months, Jackson has sold projects to six different networks. Among them was Power, a STARZ drama in which he not only co-stars but also serves as co-creator and executive producer. Power debuted in June 2014 and was renewed for a second season after one episode.Jackson serves as a co‐star, co-creator and executive television producer of the STARZ network drama where he signed a 2-year contract with representation coming from the Agency for the Performing Arts. Ratings have been a success for Starz. with the second-season premiere being the highest-ever season with 1.43 million people tuning in live.In 2002, Jackson filed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to register the term "50 Cent" as a trademark for clothing, sound recordings, and live performances. The application was published in 2003, and registration issued in 2004. He has since filed for additional trademark registrations. In July 2011, Jackson launched a philanthropic initiative to provide food for one billion starving Facts: Answer: 2006

Question: Searching for Jerry Garcia is the final studio album of a Detroit rapper who died in what year? Context: using his image in a promotion he said threatened his safety. He was alerted by a staff member to an Internet advertisement on a Myspace page. According to court documents, the advertisement had a cartoon image of the rapper with "Shoot the rapper and you will win $5000 or five ring tones guaranteed". Although the ad did not use his name, the image allegedly resembled him and suggested that he endorsed the product. The lawsuit, calling the ad a "vile, tasteless and despicable" use of Jackson's image which "quite literally call[ed] for violence against him", sought unspecified punitive damages and a permanent injunction against the use of his image without permission. ==== Use of name ==== In 2008, Jackson sued Taco Bell over an ad campaign in which it invited him to change his name for one day from 50 Cent to 79 Cent, 89 Cent, or 99 Cent, in line with pricing for some of its items, and they would donate $10,000 to the charity of his choice. The case was settled out of court. ==== Janitor incident ==== While walking through Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport in May 2016, Jackson harassed and insulted a janitor at the airport, accusing him of being under the influence. The janitor was a hearing-impaired, autistic teenager named Andrew Farrell. The parents of the janitor had seen the viral video as disrespect and wanted to sue Jackson for his action against their child. The lawsuit was originally over one million dollars, but the parents settled for a $100,000 donation to Autism Speaks and his apology. ==== Bamba sample ==== In 2016, a judge declared that Brandon Parrott gave Dr. Dre and 50 Cent the rights to "Bamba" for the song "P.I.M.P." === Other civil and criminal matters === One of his New York homes, purchased for $2.4 million in January 2007 and the center of a lawsuit between Jackson and Shaniqua Tompkins, caught fire on May 30, 2008 while he was filming in Louisiana. On August 5, 2013, Jackson pleaded not guilty to one count of domestic violence and four counts of vandalism in a Los Angeles County court. If convicted of all charges, he faced up to five years in prison and a $46,000 fine. Model-actress Daphne Joy accused Jackson of kicking her and ransacking her bedroom during an argument at her condominium in the Toluca Lake neighborhood of Los Angeles on June Facts: Answer: 2006

Question: Searching for Jerry Garcia is the final studio album of a Detroit rapper who died in what year? Context: neighborhoods to Israeli ones, and changing the meaning of certain words to fit the correct number of syllables. The musical compositions remain true to the original versions.The album was recorded in Israel and the United States. The project was officially authorized by The Grateful Dead's publishing company. == Reception == The Jerusalem Post wrote that Rotem and Yares "succeed in capturing the warm, folksy side of the band with a sound that wouldn’t sound out of place around a kibbutz bonfire." Jweekly said the album "makes for a very interesting listening experience." Jewschool called it "a fascinating, faithful, and very enjoyable love letter," while Relix.com wrote "the duo's debut is both nostalgic and visionary." In December 2015, Sagol and Yares embarked on a U.S tour of the project, which included shows in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Atlanta, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New Jersey and New York. In March 2017, Sagol embarked on a U.S tour, which included performances at the Atlanta Jewish Music Festival, New York City's Pinks, The Deanery in Brooklyn and Garcia's at The Capitol Theatre (Port Chester, New York). In an article about the tour, Tablet magazine stated, "The Promised Land promises something totally new: The Dead as you’ve never heard them before, and may never hear them again". In June 2018, Sagol performed an acoustic set of Promised Land songs at the Article 24 club in Boston, MA. In March 2020, Sagol went on another Promised Land U.S tour, which saw him and several American musicians perform two shows in Washington D.C, a show in Flemington, NJ and a show at the Nublu club in NYC's East Village. == Track listing == == Personnel == Sagol 59 – Vocals, electric guitar, song translations, executive producer Ami Yares – Electric and acoustic guitars, oud, ukulele, banjo, mandolin, backing vocals, producer Naaman Shadmi – Keyboards Avsha Elan – Bass Gon Amir – Drums, percussion Jason Reich – Mandolin on "Friend of the Devil" == References == Searching for Jerry Garcia is the second and final studio album by Detroit rapper Proof of D12, released on August 9, 2005. It was the only solo album that Proof released on a major record label before his death. The album is named after Grateful Dead member Jerry Garcia. The album's release date, August 9, 2005, intentionally coincided with the ten-year anniversary of Garcia's death. == Album title == Proof found inspiration in an unlikely person Facts: Searching for Jerry Garcia is the second and final studio album by Detroit rapper Proof of D12, released on August 9, 2005. Answer: 2006

Question: Searching for Jerry Garcia is the final studio album of a Detroit rapper who died in what year? Context: Hunter has said, in a state where contemplation of a cat served as touchstone for an interplanetary journey—is a real masterwork. It's one of the very few rock-and-roll lyrics (including Dylan's) that has as much impact on the page as it does sung, if not more. ... 'It's about acid' does it less justice than the observation that it's about seeing, sensing, and making connections in a sensuous world. Anyone out there remember what it was like to be three years old?" == In popular culture == The song is featured in the Rock Band video game series as downloadable content, along with 17 other Grateful Dead songs. In the 2009 Ang Lee film Taking Woodstock, the version of the song from Europe '72 is used in the part of the film showing everyone arriving at Woodstock in 1969. == References == DeShaun Dupree Holton (October 2, 1973 – April 11, 2006), known professionally as Proof, was an American rapper and actor from Detroit, Michigan. During his career, he was a member of the groups 5 Elementz, Funky Cowboys, Promatic, Goon Sqwad, and D12. He was a close childhood friend of rapper Eminem, who also lived in Detroit, Michigan. Proof was often a hype man at Eminem's concerts. == Early life == DeShaun Dupree Holton was born to Sharallene "Pepper" Holton, a single mother. His father, McKinley Jackson, was a music producer who left to pursue his career prior to Holton's birth. DeShaun was close friends with Eminem from a young age. == Music career == Originally known as Maximum, under the moniker "Proof", Holton first rose to national prominence when he formed D12 "The Dirty Dozen" in 1995 with his friends Eminem, Bizarre, Mr. Porter, and a high school friend Eye-Kyu. Shortly after that, Proof recruited two friends, B-Flat & Dirty Ratt, to the group. This created the first lineup of Proof's supergroup D12. Eventually this first incarnation of the group back in early 1996 because the original members of D12, Eye-Kyu, B-Flat, and Dirty Ratt, were more focused on recording music with their other groups. Bizarre, Denaun, and Eminem, could not make it to the studio sessions because they were also working with their other groups. Proof decided to break up this version of the group in 1996. Proof later reformed the group in mid-1996. This time Proof called Bizarre and Eminem, since they were available. He also Facts: DeShaun Dupree Holton (October 2, 1973 – April 11, 2006), known professionally as Proof, was an American rapper and actor from Detroit, Michigan. Answer: 2006

Question: This clothing company founded in 1949 by Bernard Gantmacher is headquartered in what city that stretches across fourteen islands? Context: Martin from the band Good Charlotte and his best friend from high school, Steve Sievers. Stockholm (Swedish: [ˈstɔ̂kː(h)ɔlm] (listen); Finnish: Tukholma) is the capital of Sweden. It has the most populous urban area in Sweden as well as in Scandinavia. 1 million people live in the municipality, approximately 1.6 million in the urban area, and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea. Outside the city to the east, and along the coast, is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the county seat of Stockholm County. Stockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. Ranked as an alpha-global city, it is the largest in Scandinavia and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University. It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for the decor of its stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Avicii Arena, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Stockholm is the seat of the Swedish government and most of its agencies, including the highest courts in the judiciary, and the official residencies of the Swedish monarch and the Prime Minister. The government has its seat in the Rosenbad building, the Riksdag (Swedish parliament) is seated in the Parliament House, and the Prime Minister's residence is adjacent at Sager House. Stockholm Palace is the official residence and principal Facts: The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea. Answer: Stockholm

Question: This clothing company founded in 1949 by Bernard Gantmacher is headquartered in what city that stretches across fourteen islands? Context: school of the Royal Dramatic Theatre, once attended by Greta Garbo. Other schools include the design school Konstfack, founded in 1844, the University College of Opera (founded in 1968 but with older roots), the University College of Dance, and the Stockholms Musikpedagogiska Institut (the University College of Music Education). The Södertörn University College was founded in 1995 as a multi-disciplinary institution for southern Metropolitan Stockholm, to balance the many institutions located in the northern part of the region. Other institutes of higher education are: Military Academy Karlberg, the world's oldest military academy to remain in its original location, inaugurated in 1792 and housed in Karlberg Palace. Ersta Sköndal University College Stockholm School of Theology (Teologiska Högskolan, Stockholm) Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Swedish Defence UniversityThe biggest complaint from students of higher education in Stockholm is the lack of student accommodations, the difficulty in finding other accommodations and the high rent. == Demographics == The Stockholm region is home to around 22% of Sweden's total population, and accounts for about 29% of its gross domestic product. The geographical notion of "Stockholm" has changed over time. By the turn of the 19th century, Stockholm largely consisted of the area today known as City Centre, roughly 35 km2 (14 sq mi) or one-fifth of the current municipal area. In the ensuing decades several other areas were incorporated (such as Brännkyrka Municipality in 1913, at which time it had 25,000 inhabitants, and Spånga in 1949). The municipal border was established in 1971; with the exception of Hansta, in 1982 purchased by Stockholm Municipality from Sollentuna Municipality and today a nature reserve. Of the population of 935,619 in 2016, 461,677 were men and 473,942 women. The average age is 40 years; 40.1% of the population is between 20 and 44 years. 382,887 people, or 40.9% of the population, over the age 15 were unmarried. 259,153 people, or 27.7% of the population, were married. 99,524 or 10.6% of the population, had been married but divorced. 299,925 people or 32.1% of Stockholm's residents are of an immigrant or non-Swedish background.As of December 2019, there were 248,708 foreign-born people in Stockholm, making up 25.5% of the population. 329,421 had a foreign-background, 33.8% of the population. The largest group of them are the Finns (17,000), followed by Iraqis (16,275), Poles (11,994) and Iranians (11,429). Residents of Stockholm are known as Stockholmers ("stockholmare"). Languages spoken in Greater Stockholm Facts: Stockholm largely consisted of the area today known as City Centre, roughly 35 km2 (14 sq mi) or one-fifth of the current municipal area. Answer: Stockholm

Question: This clothing company founded in 1949 by Bernard Gantmacher is headquartered in what city that stretches across fourteen islands? Context: outside of Swedish include Finnish, one of the official minority languages of Sweden; and English, as well as Albanian, Bosnian, Syriac, Arabic, Turkish, Kurdish, Persian, Dutch, Spanish, Serbian and Croatian. The entire Stockholm metropolitan area, consisting of 26 municipalities, has a population of over 2.2 million, making it the most populous city in the Nordic region. The Stockholm urban area, defined only for statistical purposes, had a total population of 1,630,738 in 2015. In the following municipalities some of the districts are contained within the Stockholm urban area, though not all: == Culture == Apart from being Sweden's capital, Stockholm houses many national cultural institutions. The Stockholm region is home to three of Sweden's World Heritage Sites – spots judged as invaluable places that belong to all of humanity: The Drottningholm Palace, Skogskyrkogården (The Woodland Cemetery) and Birka. In 1998, Stockholm was named European Capital of Culture. === Literature === Authors connected to Stockholm include the poet and songwriter Carl Michael Bellman (1740–1795), novelist and dramatist August Strindberg (1849–1912), and novelist Hjalmar Söderberg (1869–1941), all of whom made Stockholm part of their works. Martin Beck is a fictional Swedish police detective from Stockholm, who is the main character in a series of 10 novels by Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö, collectively titled The Story of a Crime, and often based in Stockholm. Other authors with notable heritage in Stockholm were the Nobel Prize laureate Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) and the popular poet and composer Evert Taube (1890–1976). The novelist Per Anders Fogelström (1917–1998) wrote a popular series of historical novels depicting life in Stockholm from the mid-18th to the mid-20th century. === Architecture === The city's oldest section is Gamla stan (Old Town), located on the original small islands of the city's earliest settlements and still featuring the medieval street layout. Some notable buildings of Gamla Stan are the large German Church (Tyska kyrkan) and several mansions and palaces: the Riddarhuset (the House of Nobility), the Bonde Palace, the Tessin Palace and the Oxenstierna Palace. The oldest building in Stockholm is the Riddarholmskyrkan from the late 13th century. After a fire in 1697 when the original medieval castle was destroyed, Stockholm Palace was erected in a baroque style. Storkyrkan Cathedral, the episcopal seat of the Bishop of Stockholm, stands next to the castle. It was founded in the 13th century but is clad in a baroque exterior dating to the 18th Facts: Answer: Stockholm

Question: This clothing company founded in 1949 by Bernard Gantmacher is headquartered in what city that stretches across fourteen islands? Context: who were Latino and African-American. The company went bankrupt and had its reputation hurt after rumors spread that company was actually owned by the Ku Klux Klan (similar rumors have been made about popular companies such as drink company Snapple and shoe company Timberland as well), and that the name stood for "To Rule Over Oppressed People." Additional rumors claimed that rapper LL Cool J appeared on "The Oprah Winfrey Show" urging viewers to protest the company. The rumors about the connection to the Klan hurt sales and the company declared bankruptcy several years later. These rumors were categorically false, with Held saying that they were "blackmail" from competition. By the early 90s, Troop was gone from the American market, although it enjoyed a longer life in Europe throughout the 90s through a licensee. Over the years, the brand grew a cult following as retro style became hot again and vintage pieces would go for big money on eBay. The brand exchanged ownership numerous times through failed comeback attempts and licensee deals in the early 2000s, and in 2008, Grammy Award winning artist Nelly obtained the TROOP apparel license. In 2014, the brand was purchased outright and the brand has been relaunched in 2015. The brand has reissued T-shirts and original leather jackets in addition to the footwear. == References == == External links == Official website Gant, stylized as GANT, is an American Swedish clothing brand, headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The company was founded in 1949 by Bernard Gantmacher and was originally based in New Haven, Connecticut. Gant operates in 70 markets and its products are available at over 4 000 retailers and Gant-stores all over the world. "House of Gant" has three different collections: GANT, GANT Diamond G and GANT Rugger. ערן זהבי המלך == History == Bernard Gantmacher arrived in New York City in 1907, a Jewish immigrant from Myropil, Ukraine. Gantmacher was employed at a garment factory sewing shirt collars and met his future wife, Rebecca Rose, a button and buttonhole specialist who worked for the same company. After Gantmacher's return from military service during World War I, the couple married and founded the Par-Ex Shirt Company with business partner Morris Shapiro. The company made shirts for brands including Brooks Brothers, J. Press and Manhattan. In 1927, the company was relocated to New Haven, Connecticut. In April 1949, the Gant label was launched. Following their father's Facts: Gant, stylized as GANT, is an American Swedish clothing brand, headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The company was founded in 1949 by Bernard Gantmacher and was originally based in New Haven, Connecticut. Answer: Stockholm

Question: This clothing company founded in 1949 by Bernard Gantmacher is headquartered in what city that stretches across fourteen islands? Context: headquarters relocated from Norwich in the United Kingdom to East Asia, as Takeover Group intends to improve on MIGI Clothing and Star in the Hood financial returns. == References == == External links == MIGI Clothing Facts: Answer: Stockholm

Question: Who was born first, George Kisevalter or Oleg Penkovsky? Context: of unstretched canvas over it, and then sculpts figures on that layer. At that point, he paints the figures with multiple layers of gesso (a primer), and once they dry, he paints the details onto the sculpture. For more detailed aspects of the sculpture, such as nose, eyelashes, fingers, etc., on a figure, he uses modeling paste. In the end, each figure in the piece has three sides, each painted, making a truly three-dimensional impressionistic piece of art. === Collections and acquisitions === In recent years, Pocheptsov has been commissioned to create paintings for Colin Powell, Hillary Clinton, Celine Dion, Alain Ducasse, Michael Jordan, among other famous collectors. He was commissioned to create "sculptured canvas," a self-defined technique, for the Mitchell Camera Museum in London and for the United Nations' 60th anniversary exhibition.Pocheptsov was also invited to Geneva, Switzerland for a book titled The Arts and Copyright in which he was featured as an artistic figure.Internationally, Pocheptsov has been featured in museums and galleries in England, France, Korea, South Africa, the Netherlands, Russia, Japan, and the Ukraine. === Appearance in popular culture === The media and prominent art collectors refer to Pocheptsov as a child prodigy, especially in the earlier part of his life. Pocheptsov art career appears in magazines and newspapers such as The New York Times, Time, People, Parents, The Washingtonian, US Art, Art and Antiques, Art News, Architectural Digest, Southern Living, Spirit of the Carolinas, among other publications. He has also made appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show, Good Morning America, The John Walsh Show, The Today Show, Ripley’s Believe It or Not, The Later Today Show, and Nickelodeon. A documentary film detailing Pocheptsov’s life titled, A Brush with Destiny, won four Emmy Awards. == Philanthropy and charitable work == === The George Pocheptsov Foundation === Pocheptsov has used his art career to fund charitable contributions to several charities. In many cases, Pocheptsov donates artwork to a charitable organization, and this artwork is subsequently auctioned at a gala or fundraiser to benefit the charity. To date, Pocheptsov’s charitable foundation has donated over $8 million through the auctioning of his artwork. Just a few examples of the many charities supported, include the America’s Promise Alliance by Colin Powell, Georgetown University Pediatrics, Duke University Pediatrics, Adam Walsh Child Resource Center, Habitat for Humanity, the American Cancer Society, The Brain Tumor Awareness Organization, and many others. Overall, he supports between Facts: Answer: George Kisevalter

Question: Who was born first, George Kisevalter or Oleg Penkovsky? Context: Celtic cross erected in 1884, marks the spot in Ebbsfleet, Thanet, East Kent, where the newly arrived Augustine is said to have first met and preached to the awaiting King Ethelbert. == See also == List of members of the Gregorian mission == Notes == == Citations == == References == == Further reading == == External links == Augustine 1 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England Wale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford. == Education background == Wale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M.Sc and Ph.D in Political Science from the University of Ibadan. He also has MPhil and Ph.D in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge. == Early life == Adebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan, Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher. He was later appointed as assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA. He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016. == Works == His published works include: Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016) Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014) Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editor of other books, including. The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017) Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016) (co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) (co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013). (co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012) (co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010). == References == In Greek mythology, Despoina (Greek: Δέσποινα, romanized: Déspoina) was the daughter of Demeter and Poseidon and sister of Arion. She was the goddess of mysteries of Arcadian cults, who was worshipped under the title Despoina ("the mistress") alongside her mother Demeter, one of the central figures of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Her real name could not be revealed to Facts: Answer: George Kisevalter

Question: Who was born first, George Kisevalter or Oleg Penkovsky? Context: Rose, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's Handbook of Greek Mythology, Routledge; seventh edition, 2004, ISBN 978-0-415-18636-0. pp. 101–102. Hathorn, Richmond Yancey, Crowell's handbook of classical drama, Thomas Y. Crowell Company (1967). Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Despoena" == External links == Theoi Project - "Despoine" George Kisevalter (April 4, 1910 – October 1, 1997) was an American operations officer of the CIA, who handled Major Pyotr Popov, the first Soviet GRU officer run by the CIA. He had some involvement with Soviet intelligence Colonel Oleg Penkovsky, active in the 1960s, who had more direct relations with British MI-6. == Early life == George Kisevalter was born on 4 April 1910, in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire, the son of an Imperial Russian Army munitions expert and his wife, and grandson of a Russian deputy finance minister.In 1915, Kisevalter's father, accompanied by his family, was sent to the United States in order to purchase weapons for the Russian military. They were still out of the Russian Empire on this extensive trip when the Bolshevik Revolution occurred two years later. The Kisevalters remained in the United States. There they eventually became naturalized and settled in New York City, where there developed a sizeable Russian emigre community. The young George attended Stuyvesant High School. == Education == In 1926 Kisevalter attended Dartmouth College to study engineering. Among his classmates was Nelson Rockefeller. == Career == === Military === Kisevalter spent much of World War II as an army officer involved in supporting the Soviet war effort through the Lend-Lease program. His first experience with intelligence came in 1944 when, as a fluent Russian speaker, he was assigned to military intelligence in order to work on Soviet intelligence projects. Due to Kisevalter's growing expertise in Soviet matters, as well as his German language skill, he was one of the officers who interviewed Major General Reinhard Gehlen, after Gehlen had surrendered to the US military. Gehlen had been Nazi Germany's chief of intelligence for the Eastern Front, and was also well versed in Soviet military and political affairs. === Military Intelligence === Kisevalter had a brief civilian career before joining the CIA, which was the civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government. By 1953, Kisevalter was a branch chief in the Soviet Division of the Directorate of Operations. That year Major Facts: George Kisevalter (April 4, 1910 – October 1, 1997) was an American operations officer of the CIA, who handled Major Pyotr Popov, the first Soviet GRU officer run by the CIA. Answer: George Kisevalter

Question: In what city is the 5,500-capacity indoor arena that once hosted a West German disco-era vocal group located? Context: is a 5,000-capacity indoor arena located in Arnhem, Netherlands. The arena opened in 1972 and is primarily used for sports and concerts. Past notable artists that have performed at Rijnhal include AC/DC, Bon Jovi, Alice Cooper, Scorpions and Aerosmith. == References == == External links == Official website Saarlandhalle is a 5,500-capacity multi-purpose indoor arena located in Saarbrücken, Germany. Originally opened in 1967 with funds from Saarland Sporttoto for sports competitions, it was later converted to multi-purpose indoor arena. The Ludwigsparkstadion is located near the hall. Saarlandhalle is also the first indoor arena in (West) Germany to be organized as a limited liability company.It has hosted concerts by many famous artists, including A-ha, AC/DC, Chris de Burgh, Depeche Mode, Bob Dylan, Boney M., Metallica, Pink Floyd, Sting and Uriah Heep, among others. These days larger productions refrain from visiting it, as technical requirements have generally extended to a degree which the Saarlandhalle cannot meet any longer with its given specs. For example, since the introduction of the show's new stage set in 2001, the hall is too small to host Europe's largest televised show, Wetten, dass..?. In 2017 it hosted the 2017 German Darts Open. == References == == External links == Official website Rhein-Neckar-Halle is an 8,000-capacity indoor arena located in Eppelheim, Germany. During the 1970s and 1980s some of the biggest acts in the music industry performed at the venue, including Frank Zappa, Tina Turner, ZZ Top, Metallica, Genesis, Rush and AC/DC. It was built in 1970. Today it is primarily used for sports for the adjacent high school.Since 2012 the arena is closed for events with more than 199 people and since then has only been used for school sports. It has been superseded as the main indoor arena in the region by other venues such as the Maimarkt-Halle and the SAP-Arena in nearby Mannheim. It will also get a new competitor in a new, under-construction arena in Heidelberg which is due to be completed in spring 2020. == References == Black Sabbath were an English rock band formed in Birmingham in 1968 by guitarist Tony Iommi, drummer Bill Ward, bassist Geezer Butler and vocalist Ozzy Osbourne. They are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music. The band helped define the genre with releases such as Black Sabbath (1970), Paranoid (1970), and Master of Reality (1971). The band had multiple line-up changes following Osbourne's departure in Facts: Saarlandhalle is a 5,500-capacity multi-purpose indoor arena located in Saarbrücken, Germany. It has hosted concerts by many famous artists, including A-ha, AC/DC, Chris de Burgh, Depeche Mode, Bob Dylan, Boney M. Answer: Saarbrücken, Germany

Question: In what city is the 5,500-capacity indoor arena that once hosted a West German disco-era vocal group located? Context: top 20.On 18 August 1980, after a show in Minneapolis, Ward quit the band. "It was intolerable for me to get on the stage without Ozzy. And I drank 24 hours a day, my alcoholism accelerated". Geezer Butler stated that after Ward's final show, the drummer came in drunk, stating that "He might as well be a Martian". Ward then got angry, packed his things and got on a bus to leave. Following Ward's sudden departure, the group hired drummer Vinny Appice. Further trouble for the band came during their 9 October 1980 concert at the Milwaukee Arena, which degenerated into a riot causing $10,000 in damages to the arena and resulted in 160 arrests. According to the Associated Press, "the crowd of mostly adolescent males first became rowdy in a performance by the Blue Oyster Cult" and then grew restless while waiting an hour for Black Sabbath to begin playing. A member of the audience threw a beer bottle that struck bassist Butler and effectively ended the show. "The band then abruptly halted its performance and began leaving" as the crowd rioted. The band completed the Heaven and Hell world tour in February 1981, and returned to the studio to begin work on their next album. Black Sabbath's second studio album produced by Martin Birch and featuring Ronnie James Dio as vocalist Mob Rules was released in October 1981, to be well received by fans, but less so by the critics. Rolling Stone reviewer J. D. Considine gave the album one star, claiming "Mob Rules finds the band as dull-witted and flatulent as ever". Like most of the band's earlier work, time helped to improve the opinions of the music press, a decade after its release, AllMusic's Eduardo Rivadavia called Mob Rules "a magnificent record". The album was certified gold, and reached the top 20 on the UK chart. The album's title track "The Mob Rules", which was recorded at John Lennon's old house in England, also featured in the 1981 animated film Heavy Metal, although the film version is an alternate take, and differs from the album version.Unhappy with the quality of 1980's Live at Last, the band recorded another live album—titled Live Evil—during the Mob Rules world tour, across the United States in Dallas, San Antonio, and Seattle, in 1982. During the mixing process for the album, Iommi and Butler had a falling out with Dio. Misinformed Facts: Answer: Saarbrücken, Germany

Question: In what city is the 5,500-capacity indoor arena that once hosted a West German disco-era vocal group located? Context: August 1990, former Sabbath vocalist Ronnie James Dio was joined onstage at the Roy Wilkins Auditorium by Geezer Butler to perform "Neon Knights". Following the show, the two expressed interest in rejoining Sabbath. Butler convinced Iommi, who in turn broke up the current lineup, dismissing vocalist Tony Martin and bassist Neil Murray. "I do regret that in a lot of ways," Iommi said. "We were at a good point then. We decided to [reunite with Dio] and I don't even know why, really. There's the financial aspect, but that wasn't it. I seemed to think maybe we could recapture something we had."Dio and Butler joined Iommi and Cozy Powell in autumn 1990 to begin the next Sabbath release. While rehearsing in November, Powell suffered a broken hip when his horse died and fell on the drummer's legs. Unable to complete the album, Powell was replaced by former drummer Vinny Appice, reuniting the Mob Rules lineup, and the band entered the studio with producer Reinhold Mack. The year-long recording was plagued with problems, primarily stemming from writing tension between Iommi and Dio. Songs were rewritten multiple times. "It was just hard work," Iommi said. "We took too long on it, that album cost us a million dollars, which is bloody ridiculous." Dio recalled the album as difficult, but worth the effort: "It was something we had to really wring out of ourselves, but I think that's why it works. Sometimes you need that kind of tension, or else you end up making the Christmas album".The resulting Dehumanizer was released on 22 June 1992. In the U.S., the album was released on 30 June 1992 by Reprise Records, as Dio and his namesake band were still under contract to the label at the time. While the album received mixed reviews,, it was the band's biggest commercial success in a decade. Anchored by the top 40 rock radio single "TV Crimes", the album peaked at number 44 on the Billboard 200. The album also featured "Time Machine", a version of which had been recorded for the 1992 film Wayne's World. Additionally, the perception among fans of a return of some semblance of the "real" Sabbath provided the band with much needed momentum. Sabbath began touring in support of Dehumanizer in July 1992 with Testament, Danzig, Prong, and Exodus. While on tour, former vocalist Ozzy Osbourne announced his first retirement, and invited Sabbath to Facts: Answer: Saarbrücken, Germany

Question: In what city is the 5,500-capacity indoor arena that once hosted a West German disco-era vocal group located? Context: open for his solo band at the final two shows of his No More Tours tour in Costa Mesa, California. The band agreed, aside from Dio, who told Iommi, "I'm not doing that. I'm not supporting a clown." Dio spoke of the situation years later: I was told in the middle of the tour that we would be opening for Ozzy in Los Angeles. And I said, "No. Sorry, I have more pride than that." A lot of bad things were being said from camp to camp, and it created this horrible schism. So by [the band] agreeing to play the shows in L.A. with Ozzy, that, to me, spelled out reunion. And that obviously meant the doom of that particular project. Dio quit Sabbath following a show in Oakland, California on 13 November 1992, one night before the band were set to appear at Osbourne's retirement show. Judas Priest vocalist Rob Halford stepped in at the last minute, performing two nights with the band. Iommi and Butler joined Osbourne and former drummer Ward on stage for the first time since 1985's Live Aid concert, performing a brief set of Sabbath songs. This set the stage for a longer-term reunion of the original lineup, though that plan proved short-lived. "Ozzy, Geezer, Tony and Bill announced the reunion of Black Sabbath – again," remarked Dio. "And I thought that it was a great idea. But I guess Ozzy didn't think it was such a great idea… I'm never surprised when it comes to whatever happens with them. Never at all. They are very predictable. They don't talk." === 1992–1997: Martin rejoins, Cross Purposes, and Forbidden === Drummer Vinny Appice left the band following the reunion show to rejoin Ronnie James Dio's solo band, later appearing on Dio's Strange Highways and Angry Machines. Iommi and Butler enlisted former Rainbow drummer Bobby Rondinelli, and reinstated former vocalist Tony Martin. The band returned to the studio to work on new material, although the project was not originally intended to be released under the Black Sabbath name. As Geezer Butler explains: It wasn't even supposed to be a Sabbath album; I wouldn't have even done it under the pretence of Sabbath. That was the time when the original band were talking about getting back together for a reunion tour. Tony and myself just went in with a couple of people, did an album just to Facts: Answer: Saarbrücken, Germany

Question: In what city is the 5,500-capacity indoor arena that once hosted a West German disco-era vocal group located? Context: the hall include The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Kiss, Iron Maiden, Queen, Pink Floyd, The Who, Santana and Deep Purple. The building was demolished in June 1986. == References == Eissporthalle an der Jafféstraße was a 6,000-capacity indoor arena located in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Berlin, Germany. It opened in 1973 and was home to Berliner Schlittschuhclub. The arena also hosted concerts, most notably the last performance by Led Zeppelin on 7 July 1980 before their reunion concert on 10 December 2007. The building was demolished in 2001. == References == Boney M. was a Euro-Caribbean vocal group created by German record producer Frank Farian, who served as the group's primary songwriter. Originally based in West Germany, the four original members of the group's official line-up were Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett from Jamaica, Maizie Williams from Montserrat and Bobby Farrell, a performing artist from Aruba. The group was formed in 1976 and achieved popularity during the disco era of the late 1970s. Since the 1980s, various line-ups of the band have performed with different personnel. The band has sold around 80 million records worldwide and is known for international hits including "Daddy Cool", "Ma Baker", "Belfast", "Sunny", "Rasputin", "Mary's Boy Child – Oh My Lord" and "Rivers of Babylon". == 1970s == German singer-songwriter Frank Farian recorded the dance track "Baby Do You Wanna Bump" in December 1974. Farian sang the repeated line "Do you do you wanna bump?" in a deep voice (entirely studio created) as well as performing the high falsetto chorus. When the record was released as a single, it was credited to "Boney M.", a pseudonym Farian had created for himself after watching the Australian television detective series Boney. He said: I turned on the TV one day and it was the end of a detective series. I just caught the credits and it said Boney. Nice name, I thought – Boney, Boney, Boney... Boney M. Boney, Boney, Boney M. Nice sound. Simple. After a slow start, the song became a hit in the Netherlands and Belgium. It was then that Farian decided to hire performers to create a group for TV appearances. Farian found model-turned-singer Maizie Williams (originally from Montserrat) and her Jamaican singer friend Sheyla Bonnick, along with a dancer known only as "Mike" for the early performances. Also during 1975, a singer named Nathalie joined but was soon replaced by Jamaican-born Claudja Barry. Then Bonnick Facts: Originally based in West Germany, the four original members of the group's official line-up were Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett from Jamaica, Maizie Williams from Montserrat and Bobby Farrell, a performing artist from Aruba. The group was formed in 1976 and achieved popularity during the disco era of the late 1970s. Answer: Saarbrücken, Germany

Question: In what city is the 5,500-capacity indoor arena that once hosted a West German disco-era vocal group located? Context: with bonus tracks, this time also in the United States (the first time these were available to the U.S. music market since their original releases in the 1970s). In September 2007, Boney M.'s last four original albums, Boonoonoonoos, Ten Thousand Lightyears, Kalimba de Luna - 16 Happy Songs and Eye Dance were reissued on compact disc in Europe and the United States, all including bonus tracks. In November 2007, a new Christmas compilation was scheduled for release as well as the DVD Fantastic Boney M. – On Stage and on the Road featuring a live performance recorded in Vienna on 1 November 1977 (the DVD cover erroneously states it to be a live show from Hamburg), and a film from the band's 1981 visit to Jamaica (made to promote the Boonoonoonoos album that year). Bobby Farrell's Boney M. performed a concert at the Amphi in Ra'anana, Israel in May 2007. On 28 June 2007 Boney M. featuring Matthew Felsenfeld and Liz Mitchell performed at the "Oktiabrsky" concert hall in St. Petersburg, Russia. In September 2007, Maizie Williams' Boney M. line-up performed live at the Royal Albert Hall, UK, to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS in Africa, performing her own renditions of "Brown Girl in the Ring" and "Hooray! Hooray! It's a Holi-Holiday". The legal rights to the name "Boney M." have been a matter of controversy, and even court cases, between the former members of the band and producer Frank Farian ever since the late 1980s. Farian, the man who in effect created the group, has continued to work with Liz Mitchell and her line-up all through the 1990s and 2000s. In January 2007, Zanillya Farrell (daughter of Bobby Farrell) and Yasmina Ayad-Saban (ex-wife of Farrell) renewed the trademark to the name Boney M. in Germany for a 10-year period. In January 2009, Farian released the single "Felicidad America (Obama Obama)", a version of the 1980 Boney M. song "Felicidad (Margherita)" with new lyrics about newly-elected U.S. president Barack Obama. The song was recorded with two new vocalists, and credited to "Boney M. feat. Sherita O. & Yulee B." === 2010s === In July 2010, Maizie Williams headlined a Boney M. performance at Ramallah's Cultural Palace, in the West Bank, as part of the Palestine International Festival. The band played "Daddy Cool", "Ma Baker" and "Brown Girl in the Ring", but refrained from playing "Rivers of Babylon", rumored to be at Facts: Answer: Saarbrücken, Germany

Question: Defendant, is a South Korean television series stars include Kwon Yu-ri, better known by the mononym Yuri, is a South Korean singer and actress, and debuted as a member of which girl group, in August 2007? Context: === Extended plays === === Singles === === Other appearances === == Filmography == === Film === === Television drama === === Variety shows === === Web Shows === === Music videos === == Awards and nominations == == Notes == == References == == External links == Official website (in Korean) Defendant () is a South Korean television series starring Ji Sung with Um Ki-joon, Kwon Yu-ri, Oh Chang-seok and Uhm Hyun-kyung. It aired on SBS from January 23 to March 21, 2017 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 (KST) for 18 episodes. The 2009 Mnet Asian Music Awards (MAMA) was the eleventh of the annual music awards in Seoul, South Korea that took place on November 21, 2009 at the Seoul Sports Complex. Newcomer girl group 2NE1 lead the nominations with 4 counts, followed by label-mate G-Dragon, soloist Baek Ji Young, and boy group 2PM with 3 each. At the end of the ceremony, 2NE1 received the most wins with 3 out of 4 including the Song of the Year daesang award. Next to them was boy and girl groups 2PM and Brown Eyed Girls respectively with 2 wins. == Background == After ten years of holding the event under the name "M.net Korean Music Festival" (MKMF), the award-ceremony started to have a new name called "M.net Asian Music Awards" or simply "MAMA". This marked a change in concept and the way they will handle how people may vote for which artists win the awards. With its slogan "Asian Wave", MAMA was broadcast live in China, Japan, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia through Channel V International. A VTR of artists congratulating the event was also shown including Janet Jackson, Nicole Scherzinger, Lady Gaga, Black Eyed Peas, Mai Kuraki, and Ludacris. Taiwanese artists Ming Dao, future Miss A member Wang Feifei, and Sarah also presented an award, which was broadcast live in Taiwan. == Winners and nominees == Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface. Special awardsBest Asia Star Award: TVXQ (received by JYJ) Best Asian Composer: Park Jin-young (JYP) - "Nobody" Hall of Fame Award: Shim Soo-bong Asia Recommended Award: AKB48; Lollipop F Lyricist Award: Park Seon-ju - "Love Him" by Bobby Kim Composer Award: Teddy - "Fire" & " I Don't Care" Arrangement Award: Shinsadong Tiger - "Muzik" Music Portal Mnet Award: 2NE1 Mobile Popularity Award: Super Junior CGV Popularity Award: Super Junior Oversea Viewers Award: Facts: Defendant () is a South Korean television series starring Ji Sung with Um Ki-joon, Kwon Yu-ri, Oh Chang-seok and Uhm Hyun-kyung. Answer: Girls' Generation

Question: Defendant, is a South Korean television series stars include Kwon Yu-ri, better known by the mononym Yuri, is a South Korean singer and actress, and debuted as a member of which girl group, in August 2007? Context: In February 2014, she played the younger role of Kim Hee-sun's character, Cha Hye-won, in the KBS drama Wonderful Days. Mina had her first lead role in the SBS weekend drama Modern Farmer, which aired from October to December 2014. === 2015–2017: Continued solo activities === On February 26, 2015, Mina appeared in the music video for solo singer Shade's song "Bad". In May, Mina made her debut as an MC with Y-Star's variety show Gourmet Road. In August, she was appointed as co-MC on Weekly Idol with Apink's Hayoung and VIXX's N, starting from September 2. On September 9, Mina and Nam Joo-hyuk appeared in the music video for solo singer Kangnam's song "Chocolate". On December 5, she joined the cast of the KBS weekend drama All About My Mom, starting from episode 33. She played Go Aeng-doo, a pretty and innocent, yet mysterious young lady.In March 2016, Mina starred in the seven-part web drama Click Your Heart, produced by her agency FNC Entertainment, where she played a cheerful, but clumsy, 18-year-old high school student who forms friendships and love triangles with four boys. In 2017, she has been cast in the remake of 1986's horror movie Woman's Wail, and in the hospital drama Hospital Ship as a nurse. She compiled an essay collection of quotes and wisdom that are personally meaningful to her titled Stars Don't Lose Their Way at Night that was published on November 1, 2017.Mina won the Hallyu Star Award at the 10th Korea Drama Awards for her role in Hospital Ship. === 2018–present: Continued success, departure from AOA and new agencies === In February 2018, it was revealed that Mina will also join the cast of KBS weekday drama Queen of Mystery 2 as police officer Shin Na-ra. The same year, she was cast in the web drama Wind-Bell and in Loss Time Life, the remake of a Japanese drama of the same name.On May 13, 2019, Mina left AOA after deciding not to renew her contract with FNC Entertainment.On July 1, 2019, it was announced that Mina had signed with O& Entertainment.In 2020, she left O& Entertainment and signed with Woori Actors. On September 26, 2020, Mina left the agency. == Personal life == === Bullying allegations against Jimin === On July 3, 2020, Kwon alleged in an Instagram post that AOA member Shin Ji-min had bullied her for a decade, which led Facts: Answer: Girls' Generation

Question: Defendant, is a South Korean television series stars include Kwon Yu-ri, better known by the mononym Yuri, is a South Korean singer and actress, and debuted as a member of which girl group, in August 2007? Context: the show's contestants as "K-pop dance masters" along with other notable stars who also appeared as dance masters in their specific fields.Yuri made her film debut in the same year, when she was cast as the female lead in South Korea's first swimming-themed film, No Breathing. In the coming-of-age film, Yuri portrayed the role of Jung-eun, a girl who dreams of becoming a musician who is also the love interest of the two male leads played by Lee Jong-suk and Seo In-guk. Aside from learning how to play the guitar for her character, Yuri also sang two songs for the film's soundtrack, "Bling Star" and "Twinkle Twinkle" which she performed in the film.In October 2014, she acted as a couple with Lee Ji-hoon in the music video of "Without You" by S, which is the group's comeback single after 11 years. === 2015–2017: Variety shows and return to acting === In January 2015, Yuri joined MBC's variety show, Animals, becoming the only female member of the cast. Yuri was also a guest on the programs Star With Two Job and Dating Alone. In May, Yuri was chosen to host Olive TV's travel program MAPS with Choi Kang-hee. She also joined the cast of Our Neighborhood Arts and Physical Education for its swimming special, showing off her swimming skills for the first time. On July 23, it was revealed that Yuri was cast as a host in an SBS reality show about rally drivers called The Rallyist alongside announcer Bae Sung-jae.Yuri returned to acting in January 2016, playing the female lead in the OCN spy thriller, Local Hero. She also joined the new cast of SBS' reality-documentary show Law of the Jungle for its new season which was filmed in New Caledonia. The first episode of the show aired on July 2, 2016. In July 2016, Yuri starred as the female lead alongside Kim Young-kwang in the web drama Gogh, The Starry Night In August 2016, Yuri released a single titled "Secret" with fellow member Seohyun as part of SM Station.In January 2017, she starred in the SBS' drama Innocent Defendant and played a lawyer for which she was nominated for an Excellence Award in the Actress in a Monday-Tuesday Drama category at the 2017 SBS Drama Awards. === 2018–present: Acting activities and solo debut with The First Scene === In 2018, Yuri was cast in the second season of the Facts: Answer: Girls' Generation

Question: Monopoly Junior and Tâb are both what? Context: Monopoly Junior is a simplified version of the board game Monopoly, designed for young children, which was originally released in 1990. It has a rectangular board that is smaller than the standard game and rather than using street names it is based on a city's amusements (a zoo, a video game arcade, a pizzeria, etc.) to make the game more child-friendly. There are many different models of the game. == History == Parker Brothers began producing Monopoly Junior in 1990, explicitly marketed for players aged five to eight, with a simplified board and game play as compared to the standard Monopoly game. The Monopoly Junior board was based on a fair's midway, and featured 16 "amusements" rather than 28 properties. Players chose a car token in one of four colors (red roller coaster car, blue bumper car, green flume and yellow carousel horse), and used corresponding colored "ticket booths" (hotel pieces from the standard Monopoly game) to denote ownership of the amusements in lieu of title deeds. The game play mechanics are the same as the standard game: players roll a die (a single die, rather than two dice) and move their token clockwise around the board the number of spaces corresponding to the rolled die. When players land on a vacant amusement they must purchase the amusement for the price shown on the board; the player cannot decline to buy the amusement, and there is no auction. However, as in the standard game, if players have enough money to buy, but not the exact amount, the banker (who also plays) can make change. Amusements cannot be improved with houses or hotels as in the standard Monopoly game. When a player lands on an amusement owned by an opponent they must pay their opponent the value of the amusement marked on the board. If a player lands on one of a pair of amusements of the same color owned by the same player they must pay their opponent double the value of the amusement they landed on. Play continues until one of the players is bankrupted; the player with the most cash on hand wins. In 2013, the game was revised with the board now based on a simplified version of a city rather than a midway. The player tokens were replaced with a green car, blue ship, orange cat and black dog. The ticket booths were replaced with "sold Facts: Monopoly Junior is a simplified version of the board game Monopoly, designed for young children, which was originally released in 1990. Answer: board game

Question: Monopoly Junior and Tâb are both what? Context: Chance cards indicating a Free Ticket Booth allow the player to claim a vacant amusement of the color indicated on the card for free, or to remove the ticket booth from an amusement (of the indicated color) owned by another player, unless both amusements of that color are owned by one player; in which case, the player who drew the Chance card must discard it and draw another. No reward or penalty is given for landing on the Rest Rooms, as they are "Just Waiting". Players who land on "Pay $3 Take the Tramway to the Rest Rooms" must pay $3 and place it on Mr. Monopoly's Loose Change and move their token to the Rest Rooms (without passing GO or collecting $2). On their next turn they may roll the die and move their token as usual. Players who land on the Fireworks or Water Show must place $2 on Mr. Monopoly's Loose Change. A player who lands on Mr. Monopoly's Loose Change is rewarded with any money on the space. Players who land on any of the Railroads must roll the die again and move their token. The game is over when a player is bankrupted by not having enough money to pay rent, buy an amusement or pay a fee. All remaining players count their money, and the player with the most money wins. === 2006 rules changes === Source: Monopoly Junior (2006) official rulesThere are no Uncle Pennybag's Loose Change or Restroom spots. Uncle Pennybag's Loose Change is now called Mr. Monopoly's Loose Change. Restroom spots are replaced with Lunch spots. Players who land on 'Go To Lunch' pay $3 to the bank, then move the pawn directly to Lunch without passing 'GO' or collecting $2. == Differences between Monopoly and Monopoly Junior == == Versions == In addition to the standard Monopoly Junior, several variations have been released. Among them: Travel Edition (1994) Deep Sea Adventure (2000) Dig 'N Dinos (2001) Toy Story (2001) Disney Princess (2004) Shrek 2 (2004) Lemonade (2005) Disney Channel (2007) Trek Alaska Despicable Me 2 (2013) - this version omits the Railway spaces and uses a spinner similar to the "pod" in the Despicable Me 2 Battle Pods game in place of a die, as well as figures shared between the two games and the Despicable Me 2 edition of Operation. Finding Dory (2016) Peppa Pig (2020) - Two versions Facts: Answer: board game

Question: Monopoly Junior and Tâb are both what? Context: exist, one displaying the animal characters as the property spaces and another showing locations in Peppa's world. == References == Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River, situated in the place that is now the country Egypt. Ancient Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes (often identified with Narmer). The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age. Egypt reached the pinnacle of its power in the New Kingdom, ruling much of Nubia and a sizable portion of the Near East, after which it entered a period of slow decline. During the course of its history Egypt was invaded or conquered by a number of foreign powers, including the Hyksos, the Libyans, the Nubians, the Assyrians, the Achaemenid Persians, and the Macedonians under the command of Alexander the Great. The Greek Ptolemaic Kingdom, formed in the aftermath of Alexander's death, ruled Egypt until 30 BC, when, under Cleopatra, it fell to the Roman Empire and became a Roman province.The success of ancient Egyptian civilization came partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley for agriculture. The predictable flooding and controlled irrigation of the fertile valley produced surplus crops, which supported a more dense population, and social development and culture. With resources to spare, the administration sponsored mineral exploitation of the valley and surrounding desert regions, the early development of an independent writing system, the organization of collective construction and agricultural projects, trade with surrounding regions, and a military intended to assert Egyptian dominance. Motivating and organizing these activities was a bureaucracy of elite scribes, religious leaders, and administrators under the control of a pharaoh, who ensured the cooperation and unity of the Egyptian people in the context of an elaborate system of religious beliefs.The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that supported the building of monumental pyramids, temples, and obelisks; a system of mathematics, a practical and effective system of medicine, irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques, the first Facts: Answer: board game

Question: Monopoly Junior and Tâb are both what? Context: make beads, tiles, figurines, and small wares. Several methods can be used to create faience, but typically production involved application of the powdered materials in the form of a paste over a clay core, which was then fired. By a related technique, the ancient Egyptians produced a pigment known as Egyptian blue, also called blue frit, which is produced by fusing (or sintering) silica, copper, lime, and an alkali such as natron. The product can be ground up and used as a pigment.The ancient Egyptians could fabricate a wide variety of objects from glass with great skill, but it is not clear whether they developed the process independently. It is also unclear whether they made their own raw glass or merely imported pre-made ingots, which they melted and finished. However, they did have technical expertise in making objects, as well as adding trace elements to control the color of the finished glass. A range of colors could be produced, including yellow, red, green, blue, purple, and white, and the glass could be made either transparent or opaque. === Medicine === The medical problems of the ancient Egyptians stemmed directly from their environment. Living and working close to the Nile brought hazards from malaria and debilitating schistosomiasis parasites, which caused liver and intestinal damage. Dangerous wildlife such as crocodiles and hippos were also a common threat. The lifelong labors of farming and building put stress on the spine and joints, and traumatic injuries from construction and warfare all took a significant toll on the body. The grit and sand from stone-ground flour abraded teeth, leaving them susceptible to abscesses (though caries were rare).The diets of the wealthy were rich in sugars, which promoted periodontal disease. Despite the flattering physiques portrayed on tomb walls, the overweight mummies of many of the upper class show the effects of a life of overindulgence. Adult life expectancy was about 35 for men and 30 for women, but reaching adulthood was difficult as about one-third of the population died in infancy. Ancient Egyptian physicians were renowned in the ancient Near East for their healing skills, and some, such as Imhotep, remained famous long after their deaths. Herodotus remarked that there was a high degree of specialization among Egyptian physicians, with some treating only the head or the stomach, while others were eye-doctors and dentists. Training of physicians took place at the Per Ankh or "House of Facts: Answer: board game

Question: Monopoly Junior and Tâb are both what? Context: card (when the die comes up as an "F", for "Fortune Card").When building, the player can place as many hotel floors as he or she likes on as many properties as he or she is able to, up to the total numeric amount shown on the dice, and within the color group indicated. For example, if a 2 and 5 and "blue" are rolled, the player can place as many floors as he or she can on lots in the blue color group, up to $7 red million. If the lots are empty, the player takes the property cards for those lots after "building floors." At the end of the turn, the player moves his or her token up the boardwalk to the space that matches their new total in property values. Opponents can "take over" a hotel, and take the property value cards for the hotel, by building more floors on an existing lot. In the event of ties, the color closest to "ground level" keeps the property value card. In the event of a "takeover", the player who gains control of the lot can move his or her token up the boardwalk in the amount equal to the property, and his or her opponent's token down the boardwalk in the amount equal to the property. "Fortune Cards", collected regularly, allow players to take advantage of construction bonuses, natural disasters, and other events to add and remove floors. Cards are picked up when an "F" is rolled (which usually overrides construction in that player's turn), or when certain spaces on the boardwalk are reached, marked with an "F". The first player to pass $35 million in hotel property values wins the game. == Marketing == The game is currently being marketed by Winning Moves as Monopoly Advance To Boardwalk. == External links == Official rules for Advance to Boardwalk Official rules for Advance to Boardwalk (hasbro.com) == References == Tâb is the Egyptian name of a running-fight board game played in several Muslim (mostly Arab) countries, and a family of similar board games played in North Africa (as sîg) and Western Asia, from Iran to West Africa and from Turkey to Somalia, where a variant called deleb is played. The rules and boards can vary widely across the region though almost all consist of boards with three or four rows. A reference to "at-tâb wa-d-dukk" (likely a similar game) Facts: Tâb is the Egyptian name of a running-fight board game played in several Muslim (mostly Arab) countries, and a family of similar board games played in North Africa (as sîg) and Western Asia, from Iran to West Africa and from Turkey to Somalia, where a variant called deleb is played. Answer: board game

Question: What Pennsylvania city is connected to Gloucester City by a river measuring 388 miles? Context: "A Noiseless Patient Spider" is a short poem by Walt Whitman, published in an 1891 edition of Leaves of Grass. It was originally part of his poem "Whispers of Heavenly Death", written expressly for The Broadway, A London Magazine, issue 10 (October 1868), numbered as stanza "3". It was retitled "A Noiseless Patient Spider" and reprinted as part of a larger cluster in Passage to India (1871). == Text == A noiseless patient spider, I mark'd where on a little promontory it stood isolated, Mark'd how to explore the vacant vast surrounding, It launch'd forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself, Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them. And you O my soul where you stand, Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space, Ceaselessly musing, venturing, throwing, seeking the spheres to connect them, Till the bridge you will need be form'd, till the ductile anchor hold, Till the gossamer thread you fling catch somewhere, O my soul. == Whitman, Emerson, and the Self == The Soul, or the Self, is a prominent theme in "A Noiseless Patient Spider." The poetry of Walt Whitman has been studied in comparison to Ralph Waldo Emerson, another American poet who also frequently explores the theme of the Self. == See also == Ballooning (spider) == References == == External links == A Noiseless Patient Spider public domain audiobook at LibriVox Musical setting of "A Noiseless Patient Spider" by Deborah Mason The Delaware River is a major river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It drains an area of 13,539 square miles (35,070 km2) in four U.S. states: Delaware, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania. Rising in two branches in New York state's Catskill Mountains, the river flows 419 miles (674 km) into Delaware Bay where its waters enter the Atlantic Ocean near Cape May in New Jersey and Cape Henlopen in Delaware. Not including Delaware Bay, the river's length including its two branches is 388 miles (624 km). The Delaware River is one of nineteen "Great Waters" recognized by the America's Great Waters Coalition.The Delaware River rises in two main branches that descend from the western flank of the Catskill Mountains in New York. The West Branch begins near Mount Jefferson in the Town of Jefferson in Schoharie County. The river's East Branch begins at Grand Gorge in Delaware County. These two branches flow west and merge near Hancock in Delaware County, Facts: Not including Delaware Bay, the river's length including its two branches is 388 miles (624 km). Answer: Philadelphia

Question: What Pennsylvania city is connected to Gloucester City by a river measuring 388 miles? Context: received the name "Delaware" after English forces under Richard Nicolls expelled the Dutch and took control of the New Netherland colony in 1664. However, the river and bay were known by the name Delaware as early as 1641. The state of Delaware was originally part of the William Penn's Pennsylvania colony. In 1682, the Duke of York granted Penn's request for access to the sea and leased him the territory along the western shore of Delaware Bay, which became known as the "Lower Counties on the Delaware." In 1704, the Lower Counties were given political autonomy to form a separate provincial assembly, but they shared Pennsylvania's provincial governor until the two colonies separated on June 15, 1776, and they remained separate as states after the establishment of the United States. The name "Delaware" also came to be used as a collective name for the Lenape, a Native American people who inhabited an area of the basins of the Susquehanna River, Delaware River, and lower Hudson River in the northeastern United States at the time of European settlement, as well as for their language. As a result of disruption following the French & Indian War, American Revolutionary War and later Indian removals from the eastern United States, the name "Delaware" has been spread with the Lenape's diaspora to municipalities, counties and other geographical features in the American Midwest and Canada. == Watershed == The Delaware River's drainage basin has an area of 13,539 square miles (35,070 km2) and encompasses 42 counties and 838 municipalities in five U.S. states—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware.: 9 This total area constitutes approximately 0.4% of the land mass in the United States.: 9 In 2001, the watershed was 18% agricultural land, 14% developed land, and 68% forested land. : vi There are 216 tributary streams and creeks—an estimated 14,057 miles of streams and creeks—in the watershed.: p.11, 25 While the watershed is home to 4.17 million people according to the 2000 Federal Census, these bodies of water provide drinking water to 17 million people—roughly 6% of the population of the United States.: vi, 9 The waters of the Delaware River's basin are used to sustain "fishing, transportation, power, cooling, recreation, and other industrial and residential purposes.": 9 It is the 33rd largest river in the United States in terms of flow, but the nation's most heavily used rivers in daily volume of tonnage.: Facts: Answer: Philadelphia

Question: What Pennsylvania city is connected to Gloucester City by a river measuring 388 miles? Context: History and Biography. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 26, No. 1 (1902), pp. 1–6 and The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 26 (1): 1–6. JSTOR 20086007. Savas, Theodore (2006). Guide to the Battles of the American Revolution. Savas Beatie. ISBN 1-932714-12-X. == External links == Media related to Delaware River at Wikimedia Commons Delaware Riverkeeper Network Delaware River Basin Commission Delaware River Vessel Reporting System National Park Service: Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area National Park Service: Upper Delaware Scenic & Recreational River National Park Service: Lower Delaware Wild & Scenic River U.S. Geological Survey: NJ stream gaging stations U.S. Geological Survey: NY stream gaging stations U.S. Geological Survey: PA stream gaging stations === Historical content === Marine Railway and Sectional Floating Dry Dock, Delaware River, Philadelphia, 1893 by D.J. Kennedy, Historical Society of Pennsylvania Winter on the River Delaware, 1856. Shows "U.S.S. Powhatan" by D.J. Kennedy, HSP "Map of the South River in New Netherland" from ca. 1639 via the World Digital Library Socioeconomic Value of the Delaware River Basin in Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania === Encyclopedias === "Delaware, a river of the United States" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. "Delaware River" . The New Student's Reference Work . 1914. "Delaware. A river of the Eastern United States" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905. The Walt Whitman Bridge is a single-level suspension bridge spanning the Delaware River from Philadelphia to Gloucester City, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. Named after the poet Walt Whitman, who resided in nearby Camden toward the end of his life, the Walt Whitman Bridge is one of the larger bridges on the east coast of the United States. The bridge is owned and operated by the Delaware River Port Authority. == Overview == Construction on the bridge began in 1953, and it opened to traffic on May 16, 1957. The bridge has a total length of 11,981 feet (3,652 m), and a main span of 610 metres (2,000 ft). The bridge has seven lanes, three in each direction and a center lane that is shifted variably (via a zipper barrier) to accommodate heavy traffic.The bridge is a part of Interstate 76 (which, between the river and the Pennsylvania Turnpike interchange in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, is known as the Schuylkill Expressway; this was originally part of Interstate 676's route until it switched positions with I-76 in 1972). Along with Facts: The Walt Whitman Bridge is a single-level suspension bridge spanning the Delaware River from Philadelphia to Gloucester City, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. Answer: Philadelphia

Question: What Pennsylvania city is connected to Gloucester City by a river measuring 388 miles? Context: use since the Abbott districts receive very high funding levels for K-12 and are the only districts in New Jersey where the state pays for Pre-K for all students. Since the Abbott original ruling in 1985, New Jersey increased spending such that Abbott district students received 22% more per pupil (at $20,859) vs. non-Abbott districts (at $17,051) in 2011. 60% of New Jersey's education aid goes to the Abbotts.One evaluation concluded that the effect on academic achievement in Abbott districts was greater in lower grades and declined in subsequent grades, until there was no effect in high school. The achievement gap in math test scores for fourth graders narrowed from 31 points in 1999 to 19 points in 2007, and on reading tests from 22 points in 2001 to 15 points in 2007. The gap in eighth grade math narrowed less, from 30 points in 2000 to 26 points in 2008, and did not change in reading. The gap did not narrow in high school. In addition, a 2012 study by the New Jersey Department of Education determined that score gains in the Abbotts were no higher than score gains in high-poverty districts that did not participate in the Abbott lawsuit and therefore received much less state money. == History == Abbott districts are school districts in New Jersey covered by a series of New Jersey Supreme Court rulings, begun in 1985, that found that the education provided to school children in poor communities was inadequate and unconstitutional and mandated that state funding for these districts be equal to that spent in the wealthiest districts in the state. The Court in Abbott II and in subsequent rulings, ordered the State to assure that these children receive an adequate education through implementation of certain reforms, including standards-based education supported by parity funding. It include various supplemental programs and school facilities improvements, including to Head Start and early education programs. The Head Start and NAACP were represented by Maxim Thorne as amici curiae in the case.The part of the state constitution that is the basis of the Abbott decisions requires that: [t]he Legislature shall provide for the maintenance and support of a thorough and efficient system of free public schools for the instruction of all the children in the State between the ages of five and eighteen years. The Abbott designation was formally eliminated in the School Funding Reform Act of 2008, Facts: Answer: Philadelphia

Question: What Pennsylvania city is connected to Gloucester City by a river measuring 388 miles? Context: Schools (Hoboken) Irvington Public Schools (Irvington) Jersey City Public Schools (Jersey City) Keansburg School District (Keansburg) Long Branch Public Schools (Long Branch) Millville Public Schools (Millville) Neptune Township Schools (Neptune Township) New Brunswick Public Schools (New Brunswick) Newark Public Schools (Newark) Orange Board of Education (Orange) Passaic City School District (Passaic) Paterson Public Schools (Paterson) Pemberton Township School District (Pemberton Township) Perth Amboy Public Schools (Perth Amboy) Phillipsburg School District (K-12 from Phillipsburg, 9-12 from Alpha, Bloomsbury (in Hunterdon County), Greenwich Township, Lopatcong Township and Pohatcong Township) Plainfield Public School District (Plainfield) Pleasantville Public Schools (K-12 from Pleasantville, 9-12 from Absecon) Salem City School District (Salem, New Jersey) Trenton Public Schools (Trenton) Union City School District (Union City) Vineland Public Schools (Vineland) West New York School District (West New York) == See also == San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1 (1973), a U.S. Supreme Court case that held that a school-financing system based on local property taxes was not an unconstitutional violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause. Gannon v. Kansas, also known as Gannon v. State, a similar school funding lawsuit. The Mount Laurel doctrine, a series of New Jersey Supreme Court cases requiring municipalities to provide affordable housing. Latino Action Network v. New Jersey, a school desegregation lawsuit filed in 2018 Serrano v. Priest (California) == References == == External links == Education Law Center New Jersey Department of Education Abbott Home Page New Jersey Department of Education Abbott District List Alloway Creek is a 23.2-mile-long (37.3 km) tributary of the Delaware River in Salem County, New Jersey in the United States. The name is a derivative of Allowas, an Indian chief. It has also been known by other names: Aloes River, Aloes Creek, Cotton River, Korten River, Short River, Monmouth River, Munmouth River, and Roiter's River.The headwaters of the creek are to the southeast of Daretown, in Upper Pittsgrove Township. It flows roughly parallel and to the south of Commissioners Pike, meeting Cool Run before turning west and flowing under the pike. Entering a marshy area, it meets an unnamed tributary and flows under Alloway Road. Here the creek enters Alloway Lake, formed by a dam at the town of Alloway and the largest lake in Salem County. Cedar Brook also feeds the lake, entering from the south. Below the dam at Alloway, the creek becomes a tidal marsh and meadow estuary. Facts: Answer: Philadelphia

Question: What Pennsylvania city is connected to Gloucester City by a river measuring 388 miles? Context: socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.Students from Brooklawn attend the district's high school for ninth through twelfth grades as part of a sending/receiving relationship. == Schools == Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are: Elementary schoolCold Springs Elementary School with 850 students in grades PreK-3) Karen Kessler, PrincipalMiddle schoolGloucester City Middle School with 780 students in grades 4-8 William O'Kane, PrincipalHigh schoolGloucester City High School with 515 students in grades 9-12 Sean Gorman, Principal == Administration == Core members of the district's administration are: Dr. Dennis Vespe, Superintendent Teri Weeks, Business Administrator / Board Secretary == Board of education == The district's board of education, with nine members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board includes a tenth member appointed to represent Brooklawn. == References == == External links == Gloucester City Public Schools Gloucester City Public Schools's 2015–16 School Report Card from the New Jersey Department of Education School Data for the Gloucester City Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics Facts: Answer: Philadelphia

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: Jack Brooks Regional Airport (IATA: BPT, ICAO: KBPT, FAA LID: BPT), formerly Southeast Texas Regional Airport, is near Port Arthur, Texas, nine miles (14 km) southeast of Beaumont and northeast of Port Arthur. It was Jefferson County Airport, but its name was changed to honor former U.S. Representative Jack Brooks (D - Beaumont). The airport is southwest of the city of Nederland in unincorporated Jefferson County, and is used for general aviation. Southwest Airlines ended scheduled jet service in 1980 and several other airlines have started and ended service as well including American Eagle, Continental, Delta/Delta Connection and United Express. The latest chapter is the resumption of service by American Eagle for American Airlines to Dallas/Ft. Worth (DFW). == Facilities == The Jack Brooks Regional airport covers 1,799 acres (728 ha) and has two paved runways: 12/30 is 6,750 x 150 ft (2,057 x 46 m) and 16/34 is 5,070 x 150 ft (1,545 x 46 m).In the year ending January 31, 2007, the Jack Brooks Regional airport had 59,010 aircraft operations, average 161 per day: 82% general aviation, 11% air taxi, 7% military and less than 1% airline. In August 2017, 89 aircraft were based at this airport: 60 single-engine, 8 multi-engine, 16 jet aircraft and 5 helicopters. == Airlines and destinations: past & present == United Express (Colgan Air) Saab 340 turboprops flew to Houston (IAH) until July 1, 2012, when the airport lost all scheduled passenger air service. United Express then ran bus service to George Bush Intercontinental Airport. American Airlines announced their American Eagle affiliate would again serve the airport effective February 14, 2013, with flights to Dallas/Ft. Worth. The American Eagle service is currently operated by Envoy Air Embraer ERJ 135 regional jets with 37 coach seats. === Past airline service === Soon after the Jack Brooks Regional airport was built, BPT was a stop on the Houston-New Orleans route operated by Eastern Airlines; it ended mainline service in 1966. Chicago and Southern Air Lines arrived in 1947, and successor Delta Air Lines continued mainline jet service into Beaumont/Port Arthur until 1979. Trans-Texas Airways (TTa) and successor Texas International Airlines served the Beaumont/Port Arthur area for over 30 years. In the fall of 1949 Houston-based TTa flew Douglas DC-3s six times a day Houston Hobby Airport - Galveston - Beaumont/Port Arthur - Lufkin, TX - Palestine, TX - Dallas Love Field. Eastern Air Lines Convair Facts: Jack Brooks Regional Airport (IATA: BPT, ICAO: KBPT, FAA LID: BPT), formerly Southeast Texas Regional Airport, is near Port Arthur, Texas, nine miles (14 km) southeast of Beaumont and northeast of Port Arthur. Southwest Airlines Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: 440s, Lockheed Constellations and Martin 4-0-4s flew to Houston/Hobby Airport and direct to Baton Rouge and New Orleans. Some Eastern flights continued to Atlanta; Newark, Boston, Corpus Christi and Brownsville. Delta Air Lines began Convair 440 service in the 1950s: Houston Hobby Airport, TX - Beaumont/Port Arthur - Shreveport, LA - Little Rock, AR - Memphis, TN - St. Louis, MO - Chicago Midway Airport, IL. Delta inherited the Houston - Chicago route when it merged with Chicago & Southern Airlines, which flew Douglas DC-3s to Beaumont starting in 1947.Six airlines have flown jets to BPT. Trans-Texas Airways (which subsequently changed its name to Texas International Airlines) flew Douglas DC-9-10 jets and Convair 600 turboprops to Houston and Dallas. In the February 1, 1976 Official Airline Guide Texas International flew direct DC-9 service from Los Angeles (LAX) to Beaumont/Port Arthur with five stops en route. Texas International merged into Continental Airlines which continued jet service from the airport. In 1979 four Southwest Airlines Boeing 737-200 flights a day were operated nonstop to Dallas Love Field. In July 1983 Continental was flying Boeing 727-100s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s nonstop to Houston (IAH). Delta Air Lines flew Boeing 727-200s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s nonstop to Houston (IAH) and Shreveport as well as direct to Atlanta. Delta Connection, operated by Atlantic Southeast Airlines (ASA), flew Canadair CRJ-200s to Atlanta and Embraer EMB-120 Brasilias to Dallas/Ft. Worth, with the latter service ending when Delta closed their DFW hub in early 2005. ExpressJet operating as Continental Express flew Embraer ERJ-145s to Houston (IAH). American Eagle also served the airport with Convair 580s followed by Saab 340s nonstop to Dallas/Ft. Worth (DFW) for American Airlines. USAir Express Beechcraft 1900Cs flew nonstop to New Orleans for USAir.Commuter airlines serving Beaumont/Port Arthur included Metro Airlines with de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otters and Short 330s nonstop to Houston (IAH) and Short 330s nonstop to Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW), Royale Airlines Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirantes nonstop to Houston (IAH) and direct to New Orleans, Air Texana with nonstop Beechcrafts to Houston Hobby Airport (HOU) and Dallas Love Field (DAL) and nonstop Douglas DC-3s to New Orleans, and Conquest Airlines Beechcraft 1900Cs and Fairchild Swearingen Metroliners nonstop to Austin and Dallas Love Field. Conquest Airlines was based in the Beaumont/Port Arthur area before moving its headquarters to Austin where it started a hub. In early 1985, the Jack Brooks Regional airport did Facts: Southwest Airlines Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: October 2009, Norwegian had announced that it intended to start flights from Oslo to New York City and Bangkok, for which new intercontinental aircraft were required. In 2010, it said it was considering up to 15 intercontinental destinations from Scandinavia, and would also consider services to South America and Africa. On 8 November 2010, Norwegian announced that it had contracted to lease two new Boeing 787 Dreamliners with delivery in 2012; and that it was negotiating the leasing of additional aircraft.On 25 January 2012, Norwegian announced the largest orders of aircraft in European history. The orders consisted of 22 Boeing 737-800 and 100 Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft with options for another 100 of the latter; and for 100 Airbus A320neos with options for another 50. In late October 2012, the airline announced a new base at London Gatwick from spring 2013 with three Boeing 737-800s to be used on new international routes from London to leisure destinations in Spain, Portugal, France, Italy and Croatia. All announced routes were to be flown in competition with airlines such as British Airways, easyJet and Thomson Airways.In 2016 Norwegian won its first charter contract in the United States, flying three Boeing 737-800s out of Chicago/Rockford International Airport and General Mitchell International Airport in Milwaukee to Mexico and the Caribbean from December 2016 to April 2017 for Apple Vacations and Funjet Vacations.By February 2017, Norwegian had expanded to the point that it became Scandinavia's largest airline. On 20 April 2017, Norwegian announced its second long-haul destination in Asia, with flights between London's Gatwick Airport and Singapore Changi Airport, using Boeing 787s operated by Norwegian Air UK. (These flights ended on 11 January 2019.) On 29 June 2017, Norwegian took delivery of its first Boeing 737 MAX, which featured Freddie Laker on its tailfin and was registered to Norwegian Air International. The parent company, Norwegian Air Shuttle, would later accept its first Boeing 737 MAX on 13 August 2018, the aircraft featuring Oscar Wilde on its tailfin. === 2018–present: Restructuring and changes in strategy === To finance its aggressive growth involving the inauguration of many new routes, the hiring and training of new employees, and the accepting of aircraft deliveries, Norwegian sold some of its shares in Bank Norwegian in June and December 2017, and participated in the sale and leaseback of its owned aircraft.Norwegian changed its strategy from growth to profitability in 2018, and Facts: Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: to mostly domestic operations within Norway with an active fleet of eight Boeing 737-800s. ==== 2021: Reduction of fleet and closure of long-haul operations ==== Continuing into 2021, Norwegian maintained its restructuring efforts in order to formulate a sustainable business plan that would allow the airline to both receive further governmental aid and investment from private enterprise. In January 2021, Norwegian and its subsidiaries began to reduce their fleets by handing several aircraft, including long-haul Boeing 787s, back to their respective lessors. On 14 January 2021, Norwegian announced it was ending all long-haul services to focus on a resized European route network. On 24 February 2021, Norwegian announced that it had cancelled orders for 53 Airbus A320neos and 30 Airbus A321LRs. On 4 March 2021, CFO Geir Karlsen confirmed that the airline's Boeing 737 MAX operations would not resume and that the airline had sought to sell its 737 MAX fleet. On 11 March 2021, the Irish high court approved Norwegian's termination of a further 25 aircraft leases, and on 26 March 2021 approved its restructuring plan as part of its bankruptcy protection procedures. This was followed by the high court in Norway approving the restructuring plan on 10 April 2021.As part of its effort to further simplify and streamline its operations, Norwegian retired its Irish AOC held by Norwegian Air International, and began the process of reregistering NAI's remaining Irish-registered fleet to Norway and the transferral of its EU-based flight and base operations to Norwegian Air Sweden in mid-April 2021. Norwegian's plans also included the operation of a total of 50 Boeing 737-800s during 2021 in order to operate a single fleet type, to later increase to 68 aircraft in 2022, consisting of 40 based in Norway and the remaining 28 to be based across the rest of Europe. Though despite stating that its Boeing 737 MAX operations would not resume and that its Airbus A320neo family orders were cancelled, its plans also acknowledged potential to include the 737 MAX and A320neo in the future. In April 2021, Norwegian announced plans to lay off 85 percent of its staff based in Spain due to the closure of all Spanish bases formerly operated by defunct Norwegian Air International, except Alicante and Málaga which would be kept by Norwegian Air Sweden. In May 2021, Norwegian exited bankruptcy protection and its Irish examinership with the completion of its restructuring process, following no Facts: Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: to 23 cities. The June 1984 timetable shows 71 weekday departures from Phoenix, non-stop to 18 cities; in 1985-86 it built-up a second hub at Las Vegas. ([1] has timetable maps showing America West routes in 1983, 1984, and 1991.) Confident in its expansion, the increasingly dominant carrier at Phoenix Sky Harbor influenced the development of Terminal 4. America West requested that the construction include an auxiliary power facility and an underground cavity to accommodate a future rail station, to which the airport ultimately agreed. America West was one of the first airlines to use extensive "cross-utilization", in which employees were trained in a variety of airline jobs, such as pilots trained in dispatch, and both baggage handlers and flight attendants trained as gate agents. America West started as a "full-service" airline, in contrast with Southwest Airlines, the discount air carrier competing in many markets. America West used an aggressive employee stock ownership program, in which new employees were required to invest 20% of their salary in company stock, providing a steady flow of cash as the company grew. America West pilots and other employees were paid wages far below those of competitors (see Pilot salary history, MIT Study.) By 1985 America West had outgrown their gate space at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, and during the construction of Terminal 4, approved in 1986, a temporary concourse was added to the southwest corner of Terminal 3 to give them six more gates (growing to eleven by 1990). The airline's growth continued in 1986, and the airline expanded its fleet, mainly with Boeing 757-200s purchased from Northwest Airlines (following Northwest's acquisition of Republic Airlines) and a number of de Havilland Canada DHC-8 Dash 8s. (Unusually, the Dash 8 flights were not code-shares, and Mesa code-shares replaced them in 1992–93.) The airline started red-eye flights from Las Vegas to improve aircraft utilization. America West's rapid growth led to large losses, and by 1986 the company was on the verge of bankruptcy. Originally slated to occupy the vast majority of the gates in Terminal 4, the airline had to reduce their commitment to the city of Phoenix to just 28 gates, with the growing Southwest Airlines agreeing to lease the remainder of Terminal 4. In June 1987 Ansett Transport Industries purchased a 20% stake in America West, increasing it to 26% in April 1991.In 1988 Patrick Thurston, Vice-President of Operations, Bob Russell, Chief Facts: Southwest Airlines Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: end of the year, 11,000 iPads will have been deployed to all United and Continental pilots. Each iPad, which weighs less than 1.5 pounds (0.68 kg), will replace approximately 38 pounds (17 kg) of paper operating manuals, navigation charts, reference handbooks, flight checklists, logbooks, and weather information. The green benefits include reductions in paper use, printing, and fuel consumption.On November 7, 2011, United flew the world's first commercial aviation flight on a microbially-derived biofuel. The aircraft was fueled with 40 percent Solajet, which is Solazyme's algae-derived renewable jet fuel, and 60 percent petroleum-derived jet fuel. This flight was operated by the Eco-Skies Boeing 737-800 aircraft from Houston to Chicago-O'Hare.On January 15, 2013, Aviation Partners Boeing (APB), a joint venture between Aviation Partners Inc. and Boeing, announced that United had agreed to replace the Blended Winglets on its Boeing Next Generation 737 aircraft with APB's Split Scimitar Winglet (SSW), significantly reducing drag. Once the SSWs are installed, it is estimated that APB's winglet technology will save United more than $250 million annually in fuel costs.On June 30, 2015, United invested US$30 million in Fulcrum BioEnergy, an alternative fuel company. Fulcrum's alternative fuel is produced through a clean and efficient thermochemical process and reduces lifecycle carbon emissions by more than 80 percent. As part of its investment, United will work with Fulcrum to develop up to five alternative fuel refineries near its U.S. hubs. These refineries will produce up to 180 million U.S. gallons (680 million liters) of sustainable aviation alternative fuel per year, and United will have the opportunity to purchase at least 90 million U.S. gallons (340 million liters) per year for a minimum of 10 years, making it the largest aviation alternative fuel commitment to date.On March 11, 2016, United became the first airline in the world to fly on commercial-scale quantities of such fuels on a continuous basis, which were procured from AltAir Fuels. This fuel was produced from sustainable feedstocks such as non-edible natural oils and agricultural wastes and is expected to provide a greater than 60 percent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions on a lifecycle basis when compared to traditional jet fuel. United has agreed to purchase up to 15 million U.S. gallons (57 million liters) of sustainable alternative fuel from AltAir Fuels for use in Los Angeles over a three-year period.In 2016, United began partnering with Clean the World to repurpose items from the airline's Facts: Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: website (Mobile) Hemispheres inflight magazine United Vacations UAL.com Official website archive A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline (occasionally referred to as no-frills, budget or discount carrier or airline, and abbreviated as LCC) is an airline that is operated with an especially high emphasis on minimizing operating costs and without some of the traditional services and amenities provided in the fare, resulting in lower fares and fewer comforts. To make up for revenue lost in decreased ticket prices, the airline may charge extra fees – such as for carry-on baggage. As of April 2020, the world's largest low-cost carrier is Southwest Airlines, which operates primarily in the United States, as well as in some surrounding areas. The term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a lower operating cost structure than their competitors. While the term is often applied to any carrier with low ticket prices and limited services, regardless of their operating models, low-cost carriers should not be confused with regional airlines that operate short flights without service, or with full-service airlines offering some reduced fares. Some airlines falsely advertise themselves as low-cost, budget, or discount airlines while maintaining products usually associated with traditional mainline carrier's services. These products include preferred or assigned seating, catering other items rather than basic beverages, differentiated premium cabins, satellite or ground-based Wi-Fi internet, and in-flight audio and video entertainment. More recently, the term "ultra low-cost carrier" (ULCC) has been used, particularly in North America, to separately distinguish full fledged low-cost carriers from traditional airlines increasingly promoting themselves as low-cost while offering just bits and pieces of similar service model as low-cost carriers. Southwest Airlines is the only LCC that is also a Legacy airline. == Business model == The low-cost carrier business model practices vary widely. Some practices are more common in certain regions, while others are generally universal. The common theme among all low-cost carriers is the reduction of cost and reduced overall fares compared to legacy carriers. Traditional airlines have also reduced their cost using several of these practices. === Common practices === ==== Aircraft ==== Most low-cost carriers operate aircraft configured with a single passenger class, and most operate just a single aircraft type, so cabin and ground crew will only have to be trained to work on one type of aircraft, however some low-cost carriers choose to operate more than one type and configure their aircraft with more Facts: Southwest Airlines Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: maximize destination coverage and defend their market. Many do not operate traditional hubs, but rather focus cities. ==== Simplicity ==== Airlines often offer a simpler fare scheme, such as charging one-way tickets half that of round-trips. Typically fares increase as the plane fills up, which rewards early reservations. In Europe (and early in Southwest's history) luggage is not transferred from one flight to another, even if both flights are with the same airline. This saves costs and is thought to encourage passengers to take direct flights. Tickets are not sold with transfers, so the airline can avoid responsibility for passengers' connections in the event of a delay. Low-cost carriers often have a sparse schedule with one flight per day and route, so it would be hard to find an alternative for a missed connection. Modern US-based low-cost carriers generally transfer baggage for continuing flights, as well as transferring baggage to other airlines. Many airlines opt to have passengers board via stairs, since jetways generally cost more to lease. Often, low-cost carriers fly to smaller, less congested secondary airports and/or fly to airports during off-peak hours to avoid air traffic delays and take advantage of lower landing fees. This is why Ryanair flies to Gatwick Airport, Luton Airport, and Stansted Airport in the London area and how easyJet is able to fly to Paris-Charles de Gaulle, and Amsterdam. In London's case however, low-cost carriers would not be able to use Heathrow anyway as the airport is running at near capacity, so there is no room to build a base. The airlines tend to offload, service and re-load the aircraft (turnaround) in shorter time periods and don't wait for late passengers, allowing maximum utilization of aircraft. ==== Non-flight revenue ==== Low-cost carriers generate ancillary revenue from a variety of activities, such as à la carte features and commission-based products. Some airlines may charge a fee for a pillow or blanket or for carry-on baggage. In Europe, it is common for each and every convenience and service to have an additional charge. AirAsia, for example, generates revenue by courier services and hotels as well as flights. ==== Limit personnel costs ==== Low-cost carriers intend to be low-cost, so in many cases employees work multiple roles. At some airlines flight attendants also work as gate agents or assume other roles, thereby limiting personnel costs. Southwest Airlines is well known for using fuel hedging programs Facts: Southwest Airlines Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: kilometres away. This has drawn criticism, mostly from competing airlines that fly closer to the destinations.IAG CEO Willie Walsh found established airlines arrogant facing the LCC model. For instance, Aer Lingus turned down the opportunity to buy Ryanair for £29 million Irish pounds (€36.8 million). The company further stated that it would not have developed Ryanair and instead would have shut it down. == History == While tour and package operators have offered lower-priced, lower-frilled traveling for a large part of modern airline history, not until during the post–Vietnam War era did this business model escalate. Through various ticket consolidators, charter airlines, and innovators in lower-frills flying, such as Channel Airways and Court Line, the traveling public had been conditioned to want to travel to new and increasingly further away and exotic locations on vacation, rather than short-haul trips to nearby beach resorts.The world's first low-cost airline was Pacific Southwest Airlines, which started intrastate flights connecting Southern and Northern California on 6 May 1949. PSA's light-hearted atmosphere and efficient operations were a runaway success early on, and inspired a number of low-cost start-ups across the United States, beginning in the mid-60s. Herb Kelleher studied the success of PSA, and copied their culture closely when he established Southwest Airlines in 1971. The first airline to offer cheaper transatlantic fares was Icelandic airline Loftleiðir in 1964, often referred to as "the Hippie Airline". Many young Americans travelled to Europe after graduation, to experience the "old-world culture", and they were more concerned with getting there cheaply than comfortably or even exactly on time. Loftleiðir were not famous for speed or punctuality, but flying with the company became a sort of rite of passage for those young "hippies", one of whom was Bill Clinton, later US President. The first airline offering no-frills transatlantic service was Freddie Laker's Laker Airways, which operated its famous "Skytrain" service between London and New York City during the late 1970s. The service was suspended after Laker's competitors, British Airways and Pan Am, were able to price Skytrain out of the market.In the United States, airline carriers such as Midway Airlines and America West Airlines, which commenced operations after 1978, soon realized a cost of available seat mile (CASM) advantage in relation to the traditional and established, legacy airlines such as Trans World Airlines and American Airlines. Often this CASM advantage has been attributed solely to the lower labor costs Facts: Southwest Airlines Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: Number of incidents reported on a yearly basis concerning Jetsgo: 2002: 5 2003: 15 2004: 32 2005: 7 Total (2002–2005): 60On 20 January 2005 a Jetsgo McDonnell Douglas MD-83 landing in poor weather and low visibility at Calgary International Airport, in Calgary, Alberta, veered left off runway 34 and hit a runway hold-short sign, damaging landing gear and flaps. The plane then declared a missed approach, took off and landed again. There were no casualties. == Destinations == == Charter operations == Jetsgo also operated weekend scheduled charter services from Toronto and Montreal to destinations in Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Mexico. == Fleet == Jetsgo operated a fleet of 14 McDonnell Douglas MD-83 and 11 Fokker 100 (plus six Fokker 100 in storage); three more Fokker 100s were due for delivery in 2005. Seating in all aircraft was configured in an "all-economy" setting typical of low-cost carriers. Jetsgo also had special "comfort plus" sections on most of their planes, which featured more leg room on seats A and B in rows 1 - 12, as well as no middle seat. == Slogan == "Jetsgo. Pay a little. Fly a lot." /"Jetsgo. Moins cher, plus souvent." == See also == List of defunct airlines of Canada == References == == External links == Jetsgo (archive) CTV.ca Timeline of events in Jetsgo's history Public Documentation on Jetsgo insolvency made available by accounting firm RSM Richter Southwest Airlines Co., typically referred to as Southwest, is one of the major airlines of the United States and the world's largest low-cost carrier. It is headquartered in Dallas, Texas and has scheduled service to 121 destinations in the United States and ten additional countries. As of 2018, Southwest carried more domestic passengers than any other United States airline. Southwest is the only low cost carrier that is also a Legacy carrier. The airline was established on March 15, 1967, by Herb Kelleher as Air Southwest Co. and adopted its current name, Southwest Airlines Co., in 1971, when it began operating as an intrastate airline wholly within the state of Texas, first flying between Dallas, Houston and San Antonio. It began regional interstate service in 1979 and began expanding nationwide in the decades that followed. Southwest currently serves airports in 45 states and multiple Central American destinations. Southwest's business model is distinct from other US airlines, as it uses a rolling hub and point-to-point network, allows Facts: Southwest Airlines Southwest, is one of the major airlines of the United States and the world's largest low-cost carrier. Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: free checked baggage, and does not charge change fees. It uses exclusively Boeing 737 jets in its fleet. The airline has nearly 60,000 employees and operates about 4,000 departures a day during peak travel season. == History == Southwest Airlines was founded in 1966 by Herbert Kelleher and Rollin King, and in 1967 it was incorporated as Air Southwest Co. Three other airlines took legal action to try to prevent the company from its planned strategy of undercutting their prices by flying only within Texas and thus being exempt from various regulations. The lawsuits were resolved in 1970, and in 1971 the airline began operating regularly scheduled flights between Dallas Love Field and Houston and between Love Field and San Antonio, and adopted the name Southwest Airlines Co. In 1975, Southwest began operating flights to various additional cities within Texas, and in 1979 it began flying to adjacent states. Service to the East and the Southeast started in the 1990s. Southwest turned a profit for 47 consecutive fiscal years from 1973 through 2019. == Destinations == As of 2021 Southwest scheduled flights to over 100 destinations in 45 states, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. Southwest does not use the traditional hub and spoke system of other major airlines, preferring a point-to-point system combined with a rolling hub model in its base cities. It does not fly outside North America. == Fleet == As of October 2021, Southwest Airlines operates 737 aircrafts. In its history, Southwest Airlines has operated only Boeing 737 jetliners, except from 1979 to 1980 and 1983 to 1985 when it leased and operated a few Boeing 727-200s. Southwest is the largest operator of the Boeing 737 worldwide. Using a single basic aircraft type allows Southwest pilots and flight attendants to crew any aircraft in the fleet without restrictions.In March 2021 Southwest announced an order for 100 MAX 7 jets. The order established Southwest Airlines as the largest purchaser of the Boeing jet model. In June 2021, they increased their overall purchase over of Max 7 planes to 234 jets in total. == Passenger experience == Southwest solely offers economy-class seats, and does not have business- or first-class cabins on its aircraft. Still, Southwest does offer many amenities, as follows: The company permits two free-of-charge checked bags per passenger, and passengers are permitted to change their flight up to 10 minutes prior to their flights Facts: Southwest Airlines Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: without extra charge. In the event of a cancellation, passengers are refunded a travel credit in the amount spent on their ticket, and the credit may be used toward other Southwest Airlines or Southwest Vacations purchase within a year of the original ticket purchase. Southwest offers free in-flight non-alcoholic beverages and offers alcoholic beverages for sale for $6 to $7 per beverage. Free alcoholic drinks are offered on some holidays such as Valentine's Day and Halloween. They also have complimentary snacks on all flights. Southwest has become known for colorful boarding announcements and crews that sometimes burst out in song.Prior to 2007, Southwest boarded passengers by grouping the passengers into three groups, labeled A, B and C. Passengers would line up at their specified letter and board.In 2007, Southwest modified its boarding procedure by introducing a number. Each passenger receives a letter (A, B, or C) and a number 1 through 60. Passengers line up in numerical order within each letter group and choose any open seat on the aircraft. A 2012 study on the television series MythBusters, found this to be the fastest method currently in use for passengers to board a plane; on average, it is 10 minutes faster than the standard method. The airline was also number one on the 2020 Airline Quality Rating list. === In-flight entertainment === All Southwest Airlines aircraft are equipped with Wi-Fi, along with free of charge streaming live television, movies, streaming music, and app messaging. After completing a testing phase that began in February 2009, Southwest announced on August 21, 2009, that it would begin rolling out in-flight Wi-Fi Internet connectivity via Global Eagle Entertainment's satellite-broadband based product. Southwest began adding Wi-Fi to its aircraft in the first quarter of 2010. The airline began testing streaming live television in the summer of 2012 and video on demand in January 2013. As of November 1, 2018, live in-flight TV, movies, messaging (iMessage and WhatsApp) and real-time flight tracking information via Wi-Fi became available to passengers, with full Internet access available at a fee for regular passengers. === Rapid Rewards === Southwest first began to offer a frequent-flyer program on June 18, 1987, calling it The Company Club. The program credited for trips flown regardless of distance. Southwest Airlines renamed its frequent flyer program Rapid Rewards on April 25, 1996.The original Rapid Rewards program offered one credit per one-way flight from an origin Facts: Southwest Airlines Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: to a destination including any stops or connections on Southwest Airlines. When 16 credits were accumulated in a 24-month period, Southwest awarded one free round-trip ticket that was valid for 12 months.On March 1, 2011, Rapid Rewards changed to a points system based on ticket cost. Members earn and redeem points based on a three-tier fare scale multiplier and the cost of the ticket. Changes also included no blackout dates, seat restrictions or expiring credits. Since October 18, 2019, Rapid Rewards points do not expire, as long as the member is alive. It also adds more options to use points. == Corporate affairs == === Headquarters === The Southwest Airlines headquarters is located on the grounds of Dallas Love Field in the Love Field neighborhood of Dallas, Texas. Chris Sloan of Airways Magazine stated it is "as much a living, breathing museum and showcase for the "culture that LUV built" as they are corporate offices."On September 17, 2012, Southwest broke ground on a new Training and Operational Support (TOPS) building. The TOPS Building is across the street from its current headquarters building. The property includes a two-story, 100,000-square-foot Network Operations Control (NOC) building that can withstand an EF3 tornado. It also includes a four-story, 392,000-square-foot office, and training facility with two levels devoted to each function. The new facilities house 24-hour coordination and maintenance operations, customer support and services, and training. The project was completed in late 2013, with occupancy beginning in 2014. On June 2, 2016, Southwest broke ground on its new office and training facility known as Wings. The newest addition to the corporate campus is composed of a 420,000-square-foot six-story office building, and a 380,000-square-foot adjoining structure called the LEAD (Leadership Education and Aircrew Development) Center that serves as the new pilot training facility. The LEAD Center has the capacity to house and support 18 flight simulators. It is designed to be expanded to accommodate up to 26 simulator bays. The building opened on April 3, 2018.On August 16, 2019, Southwest announced an expansion of the LEAD Center to accommodate eight additional simulators for future operational and training demands. On January 2, 2020, it was announced that Southwest would be purchasing an additional 3 acres (1.2 ha) of land adjacent to its Wings and LEAD facilities. No additional details were disclosed. === Employment === As of June 30, 2021, Southwest Airlines had 54,448 active full-time equivalent employees. Facts: Southwest Airlines Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: Aviation winning the rights to the phrase. Kurt Herwald, CEO of Stevens Aviation, immediately granted the use of "Just Plane Smart" to Southwest Airlines. The net result was both companies having use of the trademark. == Accidents and incidents == Southwest Airlines accidents and incidents include four deaths: one accidental passenger death inflight, two non-passenger deaths on the ground, and one passenger death from injuries he sustained when subdued by other passengers while attempting to break into the cockpit of an aircraft. Southwest has had nine accidents, including two aircraft hull losses. The airline was considered among the ten safest airlines in the world in 2012. === Controversies and passenger incidents === On June 22, 2011, a March 25 recording was released to the press of an apparently inadvertent in-flight radio transmission of Southwest captain James Taylor conversing with his first officer. The conversation was peppered with obscenities directed at gay, overweight, and older flight attendants. According to Southwest, the pilot was reprimanded and temporarily suspended without pay and received diversity education before being reinstated.On September 26, 2017, a woman was removed from a Southwest flight after claiming to have a life-threatening allergy to dogs, two of which were present on the aircraft, one being a certified service animal. Southwest employees requested that she provide documentation of her condition and staff asked her to exit the aircraft multiple times and police ultimately had to escort her away. On December 29, 2017, a family was removed from a flight from Chicago Midway Airport because of an unconfirmed head lice accusation. The family did not have lice and was re-accommodated on a flight two days later.In October 2019, a Southwest flight attendant filed a lawsuit against the airline, claiming that two pilots had livestreamed footage from a camera hidden in the plane's toilet to an iPad, and that one of the pilots said that such cameras were a "top-secret security measure" installed in all of the airline's 737-800 aircraft. Southwest and the pilot union stated that the film was a hoax and a "poor attempt at humor" by one of the pilots, previously recorded of himself on a different aircraft, fully clothed. In February 2020, a report conducted by the DOT inspector general found that Southwest was flying airplanes with safety concerns and that the Federal Aviation Administration was failing to properly oversee the airline.In 2020, a captain of a Southwest flight Facts: Southwest Airlines Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: What major U.S. airline and the world's largest low-cost carrier headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ended service at Jack Brooks Regional Airport in 1980? Context: watched pornography on a laptop computer with his clothes removed while his female first officer continued her duties. The captain retired before the incident was reported, but he was subsequently prosecuted for lewd behavior, and the airline terminated his retirement benefits. On May 23, 2021, a female passenger aboard a Southwest flight repeatedly punched a female flight attendant in the face after landing at San Diego International Airport, causing the attendant to lose two teeth. The passenger was subsequently charged with battery causing serious bodily injury. == See also == Air transportation in the United States Southwest Airlines State Fair Classic Southwest Effect Transportation in the United States Nuts! == References == == External links == Official website Southwest Airlines (iflyswa.com) at the Wayback Machine (archive index) Corporate media site Southwest Airline Pilots' Association Southwest Airlines Seating Charts on SeatGuru.com Southwest Airlines Fleet Age Business data for Southwest Airlines: Southwest Airlines' Yahoo! Finance Profile StartupStudio – Interview with Herb Kelleher on the founding of Southwest Airlines, recommendations for entrepreneurs and rule of thumb for raising venture funding The following is a list of low-cost carriers organised by home country. A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline (also known as a no-frills, discount or budget carrier or airline) is an airline that offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating many traditional passenger services. Regional airlines, which may compete with low-cost airlines on some routes, are listed at list of regional airlines. == Africa == == America == == Asia == == Europe == == Oceania == == List of largest low-cost carriers == This is a list of largest low-cost carriers in the world, ranked by number of transported passengers, shown below in millions. Notes^1 Includes EasyJet Switzerland. ^2 Includes AirAsia India, Airasia X, Indonesia Airasia, Philippines AirAsia, Thai AirAsia and Thai AirAsia X. ^3 Includes Batik Air, Wings Air, Malindo Air, Thai Lion Air, Super Air Jet, Lion BizJet (charter airline division) and Lion Parcel (cargo airline division). ^5 Includes Wizz Air Abu Dhabi and Wizz Air UK. ^6 Includes Jetstar Asia Airways, Jetstar Japan and Jetstar Pacific. ^7 Includes Cebgo. ^8 Includes Transavia France. ^9 Includes Thai Vietjet Air. ^10 Includes Air Arabia Maroc, Air Arabia Egypt and Air Arabia Jordan. ^11 Includes Fastjet Tanzania and Fastjet Zimbabwe. == Defunct low-cost carriers == == See also == Flag carrier List of regional airlines Lists of airlines == References == Facts: Southwest Airlines Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: Who is the Scottish actor and author that appeared on "Laugh? Context: ?? I Nearly Paid My Licence Fee" and in the "Harry Potter" films? Anthony Robert McMillan (born 30 March 1950), known professionally as Robbie Coltrane, is a Scottish actor, writer and comedian and is known for his performances on the stage and screen. He gained worldwide recognition as Rubeus Hagrid in the Harry Potter film series (2001–2011), and as Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky in the James Bond films GoldenEye (1995) and The World Is Not Enough (1999). He was appointed as Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2006 New Year Honours by Queen Elizabeth II for his services to drama. In 2011, he was honoured for his "outstanding contribution" to film at the British Academy Scotland Awards. He started his career appearing alongside Hugh Laurie, Stephen Fry, and Emma Thompson in the sketch series Alfresco (1983–1984). In 1987, he starred in the BBC miniseries Tutti Frutti alongside Thompson, for which he received his first British Academy Television Award for Best Actor nomination. Coltrane then gained national prominence starring as criminal psychologist Dr. Eddie "Fitz" Fitzgerald in the ITV television series Cracker (1993–2006), a role which saw him receive the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor in three consecutive years (1994 to 1996). In 2006, Coltrane came eleventh in ITV's poll of TV's 50 Greatest Stars, voted by the public. In 2016 he starred in the four-part Channel 4 series National Treasure alongside Julie Walters, a role for which he received a British Academy Television Award nomination. In 1990, Coltrane received the Evening Standard British Film Award – Peter Sellers Award for Comedy. Coltrane has appeared in films such as the Neil Jordan neo-noir Mona Lisa (1987), Kenneth Branagh's Shakespeare adaptation Henry V (1989), the comedy Let It Ride (1989), Steven Soderbergh's crime-comedy thriller Ocean's Twelve (2004), Rian Johnson's caper film The Brothers Bloom (2008), Mike Newell's Dickens film adaptation Great Expectations (2012), and Emma Thompson's biographical film Effie Gray (2014). He is also known for his voice performances in the animated films The Tale of Despereaux (2008), and Pixar's Brave (2012). == Early life and education == Coltrane was born Anthony Robert McMillan in Rutherglen, Lanarkshire, Scotland, the son of Jean Ross Howie, a teacher and pianist, and Ian Baxter McMillan, a general practitioner who also served as a forensic police surgeon. He has an older sister, Annie, and a younger sister, Jane. Coltrane is Facts: Robbie Coltrane, is a Scottish actor, writer and comedian and is known for his performances on the stage and screen. He gained worldwide recognition as Rubeus Hagrid in the Harry Potter film series (2001–2011), and as Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky in the James Bond films GoldenEye (1995) and The World Is Not Enough (1999). Answer: Robbie Coltrane

Question: Who is the Scottish actor and author that appeared on "Laugh? Context: the great-grandson of Scottish businessman Thomas W. Howie and the nephew of businessman Forbes Howie. He started his education at Belmont House School in Newton Mearns before moving to Glenalmond College, an independent school in Perthshire. Though he later described his experiences there as deeply unhappy, he played for the rugby First XV, was head of the school's debating society and won prizes for his art. From Glenalmond, Coltrane went on to Glasgow School of Art, where he was ridiculed for "having an accent like Prince Charles" (which he quickly disposed of, though not before gaining the nickname "Lord Fauntleroy"), and thereafter Moray House College of Education (now part of the University of Edinburgh) in Edinburgh, Scotland. Coltrane later called for private schools to be banned and used to be known as "Red Robbie", rebelling against his conservative upbringing through involvement with Amnesty International, Greenpeace, the Labour Party and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. == Career == Coltrane moved into acting in his early twenties, taking the stage name Coltrane (in tribute to jazz saxophonist John Coltrane) and working in theatre and comedy. Appearing in the 1981 BBC television comedy series A Kick Up the Eighties, his comic skills also brought him roles in The Comic Strip Presents (1982) series and the comedy sketch shows Alfresco (1983–1984) and Laugh??? I Nearly Paid My Licence Fee (1984). Coltrane moved into roles in films such as Flash Gordon (1980), Death Watch (1980), Balham, Gateway to the South (1981), Scrubbers (1983), Krull (1983), The Supergrass (1985), Defence of the Realm (1985), Absolute Beginners (1986), Mona Lisa (1986) and appeared as "Annabelle" in The Fruit Machine (1988). On television, he appeared in The Young Ones, Tutti Frutti (1987), as Samuel Johnson in Blackadder (1987) (a role he later reprised in the more serious Boswell and Johnson's Tour of the Western Islands (1993)), and in a number of stand-up and sketch comedy shows. He played the part of Falstaff in Kenneth Branagh's Henry V (1989) He co-starred with Eric Idle in Nuns on the Run (1990), and played the Pope in The Pope Must Die (1991). He also played a would-be private detective obsessed with Humphrey Bogart in the TV play The Bogie Man. His roles continued in the 1990s with the TV series Cracker (1993–1996, returning in 2006 for a one-off special), in which he starred as forensic psychologist Dr. Edward "Fitz" Fitzgerald. The Facts: Laugh? Answer: Robbie Coltrane

Question: Who is the Scottish actor and author that appeared on "Laugh? Context: Liechtenstein === To help fund a national cable broadcasting network between 1978 and 1998 under the Law on Radio and television, Liechtenstein demanded an annual household broadcasting licence for households that had broadcasting receiving equipment. The annual fee which was last requested in 1998, came to CHF 180. In total, this provided an income of 2.7 million francs of which 1.1 million went the PTT and CHF 250,000 to the Swiss national broadcaster SRG. Since then, the government replaced this with an annual government grant for public media of CHF 1.5 million which is administrated under the supervision of the Mediakommision. The sole radio station of the principality Radio Liechtenstein, was founded as a private commercial music station in 1995. In 2004, it was nationalised by the government under the ownership of Liechtensteinischer Rundfunk, to create a domestic public broadcasting station broadcasting news and music. The station is funded by commercials and the public broadcasting grant. A commercial television station, 1FLTV, was launched in August 2008. There have been suggestions of reintroducing a public broadcasting fee in Liechtenstein, and in the 2014–2017 government, budget outlined such as a proposal. However, this was rejected in 2015. One possible reason is that two-thirds of the listenership of Radio Liechtenstein is Swiss and they wouldn't pay such a fee. === Malaysia === Until it was discontinued in April 2000, television licence in Malaysia was paid on an annual basis of MYR 24 (MYR 2 per month), one of the lowest fees for television service in the world. Now, RTM is funded by government tax and advertising, whilst Media Prima owned another four more private broadcasting channels of TV3, NTV7, 8TV and TV9. The other two, TV Alhijrah and WBC are smaller broadcasters. Astro is a paid television service, so they operate by the monthly fees given to them by customers, and it is the same thing for HyppTV and ABNXcess. === Malta === The licence fee in Malta was €34.90. It was used to fund the television (TVM) and radio channels (Radio Malta and Radju Parliament) run by Public Broadcasting Services. Approximately two-thirds of TVM's funding came from the licence fee, with much of the remainder coming from commercials. Malta's television licence was abolished in 2011 when the free-to-air system was discontinued. === Netherlands === Since 1967, advertising has been introduced on public television and radio, but this was only allowed as a Facts: Answer: Robbie Coltrane

Question: Who is the Scottish actor and author that appeared on "Laugh? Context: Service) for maintenance and use of the public broadcasting network; 3.5% for MRD for public broadcasting network development and 4% for the Broadcasting Council for regulating and development of the broadcasting activity in the Republic of North Macedonia.The MRT shall keep 0.5% of the collected funds from the broadcasting fee as a commission fee. However, MRT still has not found an effective mechanism for collection of the broadcast tax, so it has suffered a severe underfunding in recent years. The Macedonian Government decided to update the Law on Broadcasting authorizing the Public Revenue Office to be in charge of the collection of the broadcast fee. In addition to broadcast fee funding, Macedonian Radio-Television (MRT) also takes advertising and sponsorship. The broadcasting fee is paid by hotels and motels are charged one broadcasting fee for every five rooms, legal persons and office space owners are obliged to pay one broadcasting fee to every 20 employees or other persons that use the office space, owners of catering and other public facilities possessing a radio receiver or TV set must pay one broadcasting fee for each receiver/set. The Government of the Republic of North Macedonia, upon a proposal of the Broadcasting Council, shall determine which broadcasting fee payers in populated areas that are not covered by the broadcasting signal shall be exempt from payment of the broadcasting fee. The households with a blind person whose vision is impaired over 90% or families with a person whose hearing is impaired with an intensity of over 60 decibels, as determined in compliance with the regulations on disability insurance, where exempt from the duty to pay the broadcasting fee for the household where the family of the person lives. As of 19 January 2017, the licence fee was abolished, citizens are exempt from paying this fee. Macedonian Radio and television, Macedonian Broadcasting and the Agency for Audio and Audiovisual Media Services will be financed directly from the Budget of the Republic of North Macedonia. === Norway === The licence fee in Norway was abolished in January 2020. Before that there was a mandatory fee for every household with a TV. The fee was c. 3000 kr (c. €305) per annum in 2019. The fee was mandatory for any owner of a TV set, and was the primary source of income for Norsk Rikskringkasting (NRK). The licence fee was charged on a per household basis; therefore, addresses Facts: Answer: Robbie Coltrane

Question: Who is the Scottish actor and author that appeared on "Laugh? Context: as they were "losing their relevance". === Soviet Union === In the Soviet Union, until 1961, all radio and TV receivers were required to be registered in local telecommunication offices and subscription fee were to be paid monthly. Compulsory registration and subscription fees were abolished on 18 August 1961, and prices on radio and TV receivers were raised to compensate the lost fees. The fee was not re-introduced in the Russian Federation when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991. === Sweden === On 1 January 2019, the television licence (Swedish: TV-avgift, literally TV fee) in Sweden was scrapped and replaced by a "general public service fee" (Swedish: allmän public service-avgift), which is a flat income-based public broadcasting tax of 1% per person, capped at 1,300 Swedish kronor (approximately US$145 or €126) per year. The administration of the fee is done by the Swedish Tax Agency (Swedish: Skatteverket), on behalf of the country's three public broadcasters Sveriges Television, Sveriges Radio and Sveriges Utbildningsradio. The fee pays for 5 TV channels, 45 radio channels, and TV and radio on the internet. Previously the television licence was a household-based flat fee; it was last charged in 2018 at kr 2,400 per annum. It was payable in monthly, bimonthly, quarterly or annual instalments, to the agency Radiotjänst i Kiruna, which is jointly owned by SVT, SR and UR. The fee was collected by every household or company containing a TV set, and possession of such a device had to be reported to Radiotjänst as required by law. One fee was collected per household regardless of the number of TV sets either in the home or at alternate locations owned by the household, such as summer houses. Although the fee also paid for radio broadcasting, there is no specific fee for radios, the individual radio licence having been scrapped in 1978. Television licence evasion suspected to be around 11 to 15%. Originally it was referred as the "television licence" (Swedish: TV-licens), however it was replaced in the 2000s by term "television fee". === Republic of China (Taiwan) === Between 1959 and the 1970s, all radio and TV receivers in Taiwan were required to have a licence with an annual fee of NT$60. The practice was to prevent influence from mainland China (the People's Republic of China) by tuning in to its channels. == Countries that have never had a television or broadcasting licence == === Facts: Answer: Robbie Coltrane

Question: Who is the Scottish actor and author that appeared on "Laugh? Context: as failing to pay any other property tax, including a lien placed on the property and eventual seizure. In addition, fines can be levied on viewers who watch TV from the signals from the translator without paying the fee. As the Federal Communications Commission has exclusive jurisdiction over broadcast stations, whether a local authority can legally impose a fee merely to watch an over-the-air broadcast station is questionable. Depending on the jurisdiction, the tax may be charged regardless of whether the resident watches TV from the translator or instead watches it via cable TV or satellite, or the property owner may certify that they do not use the translator district's services and get a waiver. Another substitute for TV licences comes through cable television franchise fee agreements. The itemized fee on customers' bills is included or added to the cable TV operator's gross income to fund public, educational, and government access (PEG) television for the municipality that granted the franchise agreement. State governments also may add their own taxes. These taxes generate controversy since these taxes sometimes go into the general fund of governmental entities or there is double taxation (e.g., a tax funds public-access television, but the cable TV operator must pay for the equipment or facilities out of its own pocket anyway, or the cable TV operator must pay for earmark projects of the local municipality that are not related to television). === Vietnam === Vietnam has never had a television license fee. Advertising was introduced in the early 1990s as a way to generate revenue for television stations. The current state broadcaster, Vietnam Television, receives the majority of its funds through advertising and partly from government subsidies. Local television stations in Vietnam are also operated in a similar way. == Detection of evasion of television licences == In many jurisdictions, television licences are enforced. Besides claims of sophisticated technological methods for the detection of operating televisions, detection of illegal television sets can be as simple as the observation of the lights and sounds of an illegally used television in a user's home at night. === United Kingdom === Detection is a fairly simple matter because nearly all homes are licensed, so only those homes that do not have a licence need to be checked. The BBC claims that "television detector vans" are employed by TV Licensing in the UK, although these claims are unverified by any independent Facts: Answer: Robbie Coltrane

Question: Who is the Scottish actor and author that appeared on "Laugh? Context: new dimension to the Potter mythology." == Adaptations == === Audiobook === The 2017 version of the book was recorded as an unabridged audiobook in 2017. The audiobook is read by Eddie Redmayne in the character of Newt Scamander. In 2018, the American Library Association named it one of the Top Ten Amazing Audiobooks for Young Adults. === Film adaptations === Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a British-American fantasy film inspired by the book of the same name by J. K. Rowling. An extension of the wizarding world from the Harry Potter film series and directed by David Yates, the film stars Eddie Redmayne, Katherine Waterston, Alison Sudol, Dan Fogler, Samantha Morton, Ezra Miller, Colin Farrell, Carmen Ejogo, Faith Wood-Blagrove, Jenn Murray, Jon Voight and Ron Perlman. The first movie is set to be followed by four more. Principal photography commenced on 17 August 2015, at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden. Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was released in the United Kingdom and the United States on 18 November 2016. A sequel was released on 16 November 2018. The third movie is scheduled to be released in July 2022. === Cultural adaptations === Fantastic Beasts - The Wonder of Nature was an exhibition at the Natural History Museum, London. The exhibition, which ran between 2020 and 2021, is a collaboration between the museum, Warner Bros. and The BBC Studios Natural History Unit The exhibition is a 'hybrid show' which uses digital interactive installations as well as specimens from the Natural History Museum collection. The show was also featured on Google Arts and Culture as an online exhibition. The exhibition was forced to close its doors a day after opening after London was put on tighter Covid-19 restriction. The museum promoted the online exhibit via it's social media and website. == References == == Further reading == Newt Scamander. Fantastic Beasts & Where to Find Them. New York, NY: Arthur A. Levine Books, 2001. Print. ISBN 0-439-32160-3 == External links == Interview with J. K. Rowling about her book Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them Laugh??? I Nearly Paid My Licence Fee was a 1984 BBC 2 sketch show starring Robbie Coltrane, John Sessions, Ron Bain and Louise Gold. The programme, which was an experiment with a new format following the success of A Kick Up the Eighties, ran for a single series of six episodes.The Facts: Laugh? I Nearly Paid My Licence Fee was a 1984 BBC 2 sketch show starring Robbie Coltrane, John Sessions, Ron Bain and Louise Gold. Answer: Robbie Coltrane

Question: Who is the Scottish actor and author that appeared on "Laugh? Context: series is notable for featuring the television debut of Elaine C. Smith. == References == == External links == Laugh??? I Nearly Paid My Licence Fee at IMDb Laugh??? I Nearly Paid My Licence Fee! at BBC Genome Project Danielle Elizabeth Tumminio Hansen (born 1981) is a writer, intellectual, practical theologian, and Episcopal priest whose expertise is in the intersection of spirituality and cultural life. She has taught courses at Yale University, Tufts University, the University of New Haven, and Central Connecticut State University. She is currently a professor in the areas of practical and pastoral theology at Emory University. She was born in Manhattan. == Research on surrogacy, reproductive loss, infertility, and family == Tumminio Hansen published the first comprehensive practical theology of infertility, reproductive loss, and surrogacy in 2019. Conceiving Family is an interdisciplinary study that utilizes ethnographic, feminist, womanist, philosophical and practical theological sources to argue for a vision of family defined by relationships and not biology. Tumminio Hansen proposes that surrogacy should be a mutual decision made between surrogate and intended family that supports the identity construction of each party and any resulting children. The conclusion of that book expands this model of reproductive surrogacy to non-reproductive realms in which individuals function as surrogates (proxies) for one another. == Research on sexual violations == Tumminio Hansen believes that the terms most commonly used for sexual violations—including “rape” and “sexual assault”—fail to represent the scope of sexual harm, especially among marginalized populations and when harm fails to represent rape scripts and stereotypes. She proposes in “Absent a Word” that the linguistic gaps in matters of sexual violations instantiate concrete harm to victims. In “Remembering Rape in Heaven,” Tumminio Hansen argues against Miroslav Volf’s proposal that trauma must be forgotten in the eschaton. She suggests that such a proposal raises serious concerns concerning victim epistemic credibility, divine beneficence, and the purpose of remembering the biblical corpus. Harkening to the work of Marilyn McCord Adams, Tumminio Hansen concludes that it is possible to hold an eschatological vision that preserves victim memory. == Christianity and Harry Potter == Tumminio Hansen is the author of God and Harry Potter at Yale: Teaching Faith and Fantasy Fiction in an Ivy League Classroom and was the instructor of the "Christian Theology and Harry Potter" seminar at Yale University from the spring of 2008 until 2013. She also repeated the course several times at Facts: Laugh? Answer: Robbie Coltrane

Question: Who is the Scottish actor and author that appeared on "Laugh? Context: fell under the definition of "wireless receiver"; thus someone possessing a television but no radio would have needed a wireless licence at the same fee as someone with a radio. Conversely between 1962 and 1972, the possessor of a television licence did not need an additional radio licence. In 1975, members of Conradh na Gaeilge, an Irish language activist group, began campaigning for an Irish-language television station. They adopted tactics learnt from Welsh language activists of Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, including non-payment of the television licence, and non-payment of fines imposed for not having a licence. Between 1973-1993, a total of 15 people were imprisoned for terms of between 2 and 14 days for non-payment of the licence fee and associated fine. Among them were Alan Heusaff, Brian Ó Baoill, and Seán Mac Stíofáin. This campaign of civil disobedience ended in 1996 with the establishment of Telefís na Gaeilge (now TG4).Century Radio, Ireland's first licensed national solely private-sector broadcaster, began broadcasting in 1990. Minister Ray Burke proposed allocating 25% of the television licence revenues to private-sector broadcasters. The government rejected this, but agreed instead to cap RTÉ's advertising income. A tribunal of enquiry later established that Oliver Barry, an investor in Century Radio, had given Burke a political donation of £30,000. The advertising cap was lifted in 1993.In the mid-1990s, proposals were floated to distribute funding (licence fee income or otherwise) among broadcasters based on content production, on the model of New Zealand. RTÉ successfully persuaded Minister Michael D. Higgins against such a change; although the Sound & Vision scheme now operated effectively provides this, at a low level. RTÉ provide 7% (increased from 5% in 2009) of the licence fee to the Sound and Vision fund which is managed by the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland (BAI). RTÉ are required by law to commission independent productions with at least 20% of their total licence and 365 hours of programming a year to TG4. === Media convergence === The definition of television in the original licensing legislation presumed a wireless radio broadcast receiver, and it was unclear whether it extended to computers, internet devices, 3G mobile phones, or other newer technologies. In April 2007, then Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources Noel Dempsey proposed modernising the definition to include newer technologies The Oireachtas Joint Committee on Communications, Marine and Natural Resources cautioned against too broad a definition:The Joint Committee notes Facts: Answer: Robbie Coltrane

Question: Which genus of plants has the widest habitat distribution, Phyllodoce or Dampiera? Context: same species was described as Stylidium androsaceum in John Lindley's 1839 A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony and again as Stylidium lindleyanum in 1845 by Otto Wilhelm Sonder, both of which were later reduced to synonymy with this current and older name. One variety of this species was described by Rica Erickson and Jim Willis in 1956. Stylidium calcaratum var. ecorne was described as a variety on the basis of the absence of a nectary spur and the fact that they produced pure colonies. The variety was later elevated to the species level as S. ecorne by P.G. Farrell and Sydney Herbert James in 1979. == See also == List of Stylidium species == References == Phyllodoce is a small genus of plants in the heather family, Ericaceae. They are known commonly as mountainheaths, mountain heaths, or mountain heathers. They are native to North America and Eurasia, where they have a circumboreal distribution.Plants of this genus are subshrubs that occur in arctic-alpine regions. They often grow from rhizomes, the stem bases formed by clumps of old leaf stalks. They have erect or spreading stems, the new shoots covered in glandular hairs, the old ones bare, tough, and shreddy. The leaves are alternately arranged. They have narrow, leathery blades that roll under tightly at the edges. The inflorescence is a solitary flower or an array of up to 30. The flower has a cup- or bell-shaped corolla of five petals that are fused together for at least half their lengths. There are usually ten stamens, which sometimes protrude from the corolla. The fruit is a capsule containing over 100 tiny seeds.There are four to seven or eight species in genus Phyllodoce. Even after detailed phylogenetic analyses the relationships between plants in this genus are still unclear.Species include: Phyllodoce aleutica – Aleutian mountain heath Phyllodoce breweri – purple mountain heath, red mountain heather, Brewer's mountain heath Phyllodoce caerulea – blue mountain heath, purple mountain heather Phyllodoce empetriformis – pink mountain heath, red mountain heath Phyllodoce glanduliflora – yellow mountain heathHybrids between species also occur.The name Phyllodoce belongs to one of the sea nymphs of Greek mythology. == References == Environmental niche modelling, alternatively known as species distribution modelling, (ecological) niche modelling, predictive habitat distribution modelling, and climate envelope modelling refers to the process of using computer algorithms to predict the distribution of species in geographic space on the Facts: Phyllodoce is a small genus of plants in the heather family, Ericaceae. They are native to North America and Eurasia, where they have a circumboreal distribution. Answer: Phyllodoce

Question: Which genus of plants has the widest habitat distribution, Phyllodoce or Dampiera? Context: aquilinum (bracken or common bracken) is the most common species with a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in temperate and subtropical regions throughout much of the world. It is a prolific and abundant plant in the moorlands of Great Britain, where it is limited to altitudes of below 600 metres. It does not like poorly drained marshes or fen. It has been observed growing in soils from pH 2.8 to 8.6. Exposure to cold or high pH inhibits its growth. It causes such a problem of invading pastureland that at one time the British government had an eradication programme. Special filters have even been used on some British water supplies to filter out the bracken spores.Bracken is a characteristic moorland plant in the UK which over the last decades has increasingly out-competed characteristic ground-cover plants such as moor grasses, cowberry, bilberry and heathers and now covers a considerable part of upland moorland. Once valued and gathered for use in animal bedding, tanning, soap and glass making and as a fertiliser, bracken is now seen as a pernicious, invasive and opportunistic plant, taking over from the plants traditionally associated with open moorland and reducing easy access by humans. It is toxic to cattle, dogs, sheep, pigs and horses and is linked to cancers in humans. It can harbour high levels of sheep ticks, which can pass on Lyme disease. Grazing provided some control by stock trampling, but this has almost ceased since the 2007 foot-and-mouth disease outbreak reduced commercial livestock production. Global climatic changes have also suited bracken well and contributed to its rapid increase in land coverage. Bracken is a well-adapted pioneer plant which can colonise land quickly, with the potential to extend its area by as much as 1–3% per year. This ability to expand rapidly at the expense of other plants and wildlife, can cause major problems for land users and managers. It colonises ground with an open vegetation structure but is slow to colonise healthy, well managed heather stands. Bracken presents a threat to biodiversity. Many plant species occur only on upland moorland, tied to features unique to the habitat. The loss and degradation of such areas due to the dominance of bracken has caused many species to become rare and isolated. == Species == == Fungal associations == Woodland fungi such as Mycena epipterygia can be found growing under the bracken canopy. Both Camarographium stephensii and Typhula quisquiliaris Facts: Answer: Phyllodoce