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[ "Ai (singer)", "Products and endorsements", "What was a major product endorsement ?", "Ai has worked on four major Coca-Cola TV commercial campaigns,", "did he have any big moves in his carrer", "Ai's most high-profile work for a TV drama was the theme song for 2006's primetime drama Team Medical Dragon,", "did he only do song work", "Ai has featured as a spokesperson, or has her music featured, for many products.", "did she ever sing with anyone else", "two featuring collaborations (K'naan's \"Wavin' Flag\" (2009), Namie Amuro's \"Wonder Woman\" (2011)).", "who else did she do a calabo with in music", "I don't know.", "what did she endorse for?", "\", a campaign for Japan Airlines (\"Brand New Day\") and Pepsi Nex with \"I Wanna Know.\"" ]

[ "Without Medication Plus MTV \"Buzz Live\" is the first live album by US singer-songwriter Marcella Detroit, released in 1996 exclusively in Japan. The album did not receive a full commercial release, distributed only on promotional CDs. According to Detroit, whilst in Japan she was asked to be the first artist to perform on a show titled MTV Buzz Live. The album consists of the studio version of \"Without Medication\", a track from her album Feeler, and the nine performances from the thirteen-piece live concert.\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences \n\n1996 albums", "Azizah Abd Allah Abu Lahum (born 1945) is a Yemeni novelist and writer. She was born in Nihm District into a prominent sheikh family, and although she did not have formal schooling, she was brought up in a culturally aware environment. She married a diplomat which allowed her to live abroad and experience foreign cultures, before returning to live in Sana'a.\n\nAlong with Ramziyya al-Iryani, Azizah is considered one of the pioneering women of contemporary Yemeni literature. Her first novel Ahlam wa Nabilah was published from Cairo in 1997 and she has published several more novels since. More broadly, she has played a major role in the women's rights movement in Yemen. She helped to establish the Yemeni Women's Association in the 1970s and also participated in the US-based Arab Women's Council.\n\nBecause of the prominence of the Abu Lahum name, Azizah prefers to publish under the name of Azizah Abd Allah.\n\nReferences\n\nYemeni writers\n1945 births\nLiving people" ]

[ "Rosa Ponselle", "Appearances abroad and later operatic career" ]

[ "William De Rosa is an American cellist. De Rosa was lauded as \"one of the most brilliant cello talents in the world\" by Leonard Rose.\n\nEarly life \nAfter capturing first prize in the Young Musicians Foundation Piatagorsky Award, De Rosa studied at Juilliard with Leonard Rose and Lynn Harrell.\n\nCareer\nDe Rosa has performed under conductors such as Raymond Leppard, Myung-Whun Chung, James Judd, JoAnn Falletta, Yan-Pascal Tortelier and with orchestras including the Los Angeles and Florida Philharmonics, the Symphony Orchestras of Milwaukee, Utah, and San Francisco and the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra. De Rosa concentrates on contemporary music. De Rosa is an active chamber musician.\n\nAs recitalist, De Rosa performed in the Kennedy Center, Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall. De Rosa played in Taiwan's National Concert Hall, and with the Central Philharmonic in Beijing and the Shanghai Symphony. He performed extensively in Japan.\n\nHis recording of the Shost akovich cello concerto No. 1 was included in Stereophile Magazine's 1997 list of \"Ten Best Recordings\".\n\nDe Rosa performs on a cello crafted by Domenico Montagnana in Venice (1739).\n\nReferences\n\nAmerican cellists\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)", "Rósa Guðmundsdóttir (1795–1855), was an Icelandic poet. She belonged to the most known poets in Iceland of her time and is the author of many well known folk songs and poems in Icelandic. \n\nBjörk performed Guðmundsdóttir's song Vísur Vatnsenda-Rósu in 1994 for the album Chansons des mers froides.\n\nReferences\n\nRosa Gudmundsdottir\nRosa Gud\nRosa Gud\n1795 births\n1855 deaths\n19th-century Icelandic poets\n19th-century Icelandic women writers\n19th-century Icelandic writers" ]

[ "Rosa Ponselle", "Appearances abroad and later operatic career", "Has Rosa ever performed overseas?", "Outside the USA, Ponselle sang only at Covent Garden in London (for three seasons) and in Italy" ]

[ "Angelica Martinelli also known as Angelica Alberghini (fl. 1578 – fl. 1601) was an Italian stage actress.\n\nShe was married to the actor-manager Drusiano Martinelli, and toured with his famous theatre company to Spain, France and England. She was a star attraction of the company and renowned as a stage actress.\n\nIn 1578, she may have been the first actress to perform in London and in England when she performed with the theatre company of her spouse during their visit to London. This was a time when women were banned from performing on stage in England, and there were to be no English actresses until 1660.\n\nShe may also have been the first actress to perform on stage in Spain: 1587, when there was a heated debate on whether Spain should ban or allow women on stage (it ended with the later alternative), it was pointed out by those in favor of actresses that women had already performed onstage in Spain in the person of Angelica Martinelli.\n\nReferences \n\nYear of birth missing\nYear of death missing\n16th-century Italian actresses", "Fanny Byse née Lee (born 1849) was a British sculptor who specialised in creating heads and busts.\n\nBiography\nByse was born in London in 1849 but did not begin practising sculpture until 1893 when she went to Geneva where she was taught by Jules Salmson, the director of the School of Industrial Arts there. Subsequently, she studied in Rome, Florence and Paris. Byse produced numerous busts and head figures, which she mainly exhibited in Paris with the Salon des Artistes Francais but also at the Royal Academy in London during 1902. Her bronze bust of Alexandre Vinet is in the Wellcome Collection in London.\n\nReferences\n\n1849 births\n19th-century British sculptors\n19th-century British women artists\n19th-century English women\nEnglish women sculptors\nSculptors from London\nYear of death missing" ]

[ "Rosa Ponselle", "Appearances abroad and later operatic career", "Has Rosa ever performed overseas?", "Outside the USA, Ponselle sang only at Covent Garden in London (for three seasons) and in Italy", "What year did she begin to perform in London?", "In 1929, Ponselle made her European debut in London," ]

[ "Bibiro Ali Taher (born 24 April 1988) is a Chadian long-distance runner. She moved from Chad to France aged five, and took up athletics aged seven in Calvados, France. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 5000 metres but did not finish her race. She was the flag bearer for Chad at the Parade of Nations.\n\nEarly life\nBibiro Ali Taher moved with her parents from Chad to Hérouville-Saint-Clair, Normandy, France, when she was aged seven. When she was 20, she began to pursue athletics, first at a college in Saint-Michel and then moved to Sotteville-lès-Rouen where she was offered a sports scholarship. While pursuing her athletics career, Taher became a stewardess for Air France.\n\nAthletic career\nThis attracted the attention of the Chadian sporting officials, who arranged for Taher to visit training facilities in Kenya once a year for the following six years. This meant that she could train alongside the Kenyan middle-distance runners.\n\nTaher was the flag bearer for the Chadian team at the 2016 Games, with the team consisting of her and Bachir Mahamat. She took part in the 5000 metres on 16 August in the second heat. A mistake meant that she did not complete her race; Taher passed the line on her second to last lap and heard the bell indicating the final lap for the athletes a whole lap ahead. She mistakenly thought the bell indicated that it was her final lap, and so pulled up after another 400 metres. As such, she did not finish her race. She later said in an interview, \"I gave everything I could. I worked like crazy these past twelve months. I have no regrets, but I had tears in my eyes because I wanted to leave Rio with a new record.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1988 births\nLiving people\nChadian female long-distance runners\nOlympic athletes of Chad\nAthletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics\nChadian emigrants to France", "On Fire Baby (foaled February 23rd, 2009) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2014 La Troienne Stakes.\n\nCareer\n\nOn Fire Baby's first race was on August 19th, 2011, at Ellis Park, where she came in first. Within two months of her career, she captured the 2011 Pocahontas Stakes, her first graded win. She then followed it up with a win at the 2011 Golden Rod Stakes.\n\nTo start 2012, she captured the 2012 Honeybee Stakes in March. Her next victory would not come until over a year later when she won the April 2013 Apple Blossom Handicap.\n\nOn Fire Baby took her first shot at the 2013 La Troienne Stakes, coming in 2nd place. She did not much see on track access until a 2nd place finish at the 2014 Apple Blossom Handicap, followed by her final win of her career at the 2014 La Troienne Stakes. She competed in her last race on September 6th, 2014, coming in 6th at the Locust Grove Stakes.\n\nPedigree\n\nReferences\n\n2009 racehorse births" ]

[ "Rosa Ponselle", "Appearances abroad and later operatic career", "Has Rosa ever performed overseas?", "Outside the USA, Ponselle sang only at Covent Garden in London (for three seasons) and in Italy", "What year did she begin to perform in London?", "In 1929, Ponselle made her European debut in London,", "When did she finish her career?", "on April 22, 1937," ]

[ "Sruthy Sasidharan is an Indian playback singer and voice-over artist. She sings in Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Marathi and Hindi.\n\nPersonal life\n\nSruthy Sasidharan was born in Kozhikode, Kerala. She did her schooling in Calicut and in Malappuram. She received her initial classical training from Baburaj and later continued her training with Krishnakumar from Kerala. She did school education at NSS High school Manjeri and completed plus two at GBHSS Manjeri. She started performing in TV channels and radio at \na young age and participated in state and national level youth festival. She attended College of Engineering, Trivandrum and graduated her Computer Science Engineering in 2015. She is married to Deepak Sunil and is now settled in the U.S. She has a younger brother.\n\nCareer\nWhile pursuing her career in engineering she continued to perform in concerts. She later left her job to pursue her passion in music. She first started her career by singing for various ad films including Bhima Jewellers and giving backing vocals for back score for some movies. Sruthy stepped into the world of playback singing with the song \"Kiya kiva\" from the movie Akashamittayi (Malayalam). She continued her work in Malayalam movies with Mayillla Njan from Queen for Jakes Bejoy, \"Nenjil\" from the movie \"Ikkayude shakadam\" for Charles Nazerath. Her song \"Kadhale\" for Sushin Shyam from the movie \"Maradona\" topped the charts and brought her many award nominations and wider recognition. She then started to sing for other languages too. In Tamil, her song \"Nee en\", featuring Charu Hassan, for the movie \"Dhadha 87\", with the music director Leander Lee Marthy. She also sung in a couple of Kannada movies like \"Chanaksha\", and also in Marathi movies.\n\nFilmography\n\nReferences\n\n1993 births\nLiving people", "Carmen Salazar Vargas (4 May 1931 – 24 April 2021), known as La Camboria, was a Spanish flamenco dancer (bailaora).\n\nBiography and career\nLa Camboria was born in \"La Macarena\" neighborhood of Cadiz in 1931. She began her artistic career in 1962, with \"Juerga Flamenca\" and at the age of 13 she made her debut at the \"Teatro Cómico\" in Madrid, to later perform in Paris, replacing Carmen Amaya.\n\nAfter a tour in Europe, in the Scala Theatre in London she met the British writer Agatha Christie with whom she became a lasting friend. Christie, according to Salazar, even wrote a novel for her, which she did not premiere. \n\nIn December 2010 she participated in gossip TV program ¿Dónde estás corazón?.\n\nPersonal life and death\nLa Camboria married Spanish journalist with whom she had a son, but divorced after 50 years of marriage. She died from COVID-19 at the age of 90 on 24 April 2021, amid its pandemic.\n\nReferences\n\n1931 births\n2021 deaths\nPeople from Andalusia\nPeople from Cádiz\nFlamenco dancers\nDeaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain" ]

[ "Rosa Ponselle", "Appearances abroad and later operatic career", "Has Rosa ever performed overseas?", "Outside the USA, Ponselle sang only at Covent Garden in London (for three seasons) and in Italy", "What year did she begin to perform in London?", "In 1929, Ponselle made her European debut in London,", "When did she finish her career?", "on April 22, 1937,", "What did she perform later in her career?", "Norma, L'amore dei tre re, and La traviata (her first performances as Violetta)." ]

[ "Now That's What I Call Rock is a compilation album released on January 22, 2016, by the distributors of the popular Now That's What I Call Music series in the United States. The collection brings together a diverse group of artists from a range of styles such as \"EDM textures, summer festival blues-rock chug, arena alternative, post-Tool hard rock, triumphant psych-pop and cosmopolitan retro experiments.\"\n\nDevelopment\nDespite the popularity of the Now albums, rock compilations have been an area of neglect by record companies. To reach out to a broad audience, the first rock volume of Now features contemporary pop acts with rock roots and takes a \"big-tent\" approach to the genre. Cliff Chenfeld, co-owner of the Razor & Tie and a consultant for Now That’s What I Call Rock, feels \"most music listeners are pretty open\" and this release \"is a means of introducing some of those bands to that broader audience who I think would embrace it.\"\n\nThe compilers of the set wanted to avoid defining what rock music is in 2016, but instead tried to give what people think it is, \"as opposed to using a term for rock that might have defined what rock\" used to be.\n\nTrack listing\n\nReception\nJames Christopher Monger of AllMusic notes the \"wide range of rock subgenres\" represented in this compilation.\n\nChart performance\n\nReferences\n\n2016 compilation albums\nRock\nRock compilation albums", "\"What Do Ya Think About That\" is a song written by Anthony Smith and Brett Jones, and recorded by American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It was released in July 2007 as the third single from their album Some People Change.\n\nContent\nThe song is an up-tempo in which the narrator states that he stands by his beliefs, and will not let himself be persuaded by the comments made by his peers (\"I don't give a durn what other people think / What do ya think about that?\").\n\nCritical reception\nChris Willman described the song negatively in his review, saying that its \"defense of the American right to piss off your neighbors\" conflicted with the message of the album's title track.\n\nOfficial versions\n \"What Do Ya Think About That\" (Album Version) – 3:40\n\nChart performance\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\n2007 singles\nMontgomery Gentry songs\nSongs written by Anthony Smith (singer)\nColumbia Records singles\nSong recordings produced by Mark Wright (record producer)\n2006 songs\nSongs written by Brett Jones (songwriter)" ]

[ "Rosa Ponselle", "Appearances abroad and later operatic career", "Has Rosa ever performed overseas?", "Outside the USA, Ponselle sang only at Covent Garden in London (for three seasons) and in Italy", "What year did she begin to perform in London?", "In 1929, Ponselle made her European debut in London,", "When did she finish her career?", "on April 22, 1937,", "What did she perform later in her career?", "Norma, L'amore dei tre re, and La traviata (her first performances as Violetta).", "What did people think of this performance?", "I don't know." ]

[ "American Idol Season 11 Highlights is a compilation extended play by Jessica Sanchez based on some of her American Idol performances. The EP was released exclusively through Walmart and consists of a few studio recordings made by Sanchez during season 11 of American Idol. It includes a duet with Joshua Ledet, her potential coronation song, \"Change Nothing\" and performances that were well received by the judges on the show. Similar EPs were also released through Walmart by fellow contestants from the Top 5, Phillip Phillips, Joshua Ledet, Hollie Cavanagh and Skylar Laine. As of August 2012, it has sold 15,000 copies.\n\nTrack listing\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2012 EPs\n19 Recordings EPs", "William Kapell (September 20, 1922October 29, 1953) was an American classical pianist who recorded for RCA Victor.\n\nRecordings\n\nMany of Kapell's recordings were originally issued as 78RPM records. Some were issued on LP, but by 1960, all of Kapell's commercial recordings were out of print. RCA reissued Beethoven's Concerto No. 2 and Prokofiev's Concerto No. 3 on LP in the early 1970s, and bootlegged copies of the commercial recordings and unlicensed recordings of \"live\" performances circulated among collectors. \n \nIn the 1980s, RCA Victor released two compact discs of Kapell's recordings, including the Prokofiev Third and Khatchaturian piano concertos, and an all-Chopin disc.\n\nA nine CD survey, The William Kapell Edition, released by RCA Victor in 1998 contains all of the pianist's authorized recordings with that label, several previously unreleased tracks, and an interview. The set sold well internationally and sparked a revival of interest in Kapell's artistry.\n\nIn 1999 Philips Classics included Kapell's studio performances of Prokofiev and Rachmaninov with Dorati in Dallas, and Steinberg and Reiner in Philadelphia along with the solo studio performances of works by Albeniz, Bach, Chopin and Liszt as part of their 200-CD Great Pianists of the 20th Century set.\n\nIn addition, recordings taken from radio broadcasts of live performances have been issued on several labels, including Kapell ReDiscovered, which documents his final appearances.\n\nDiscography\nThe listing below contains only Compact Disc releases and does not contain 78rpm, LP, Cassette, or 8-track tape releases.\n\nReferences\nPrimary Article Source\n\nKapell" ]

[ "Juan Carlos I of Spain", "Abdication" ]

[ "The Great Abdication could refer to:\n\n The 1936 abdication of Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, where he ultimately relinquished the throne to wed American divorcée, Wallis Simpson.\n According to the eschatology of some branches of Christianity, it is the event where Jesus will relinquish his rule to God the Father.", "Rukirabasaija Rububi Kyebambe II was Omukama of the Kingdom of Toro, in 1875 and from 1877 until 1879. He was the seventh (7th) Omukama of Toro.\n\nClaim to the throne\nHe was the fourth son of Kasunga Kyebambe Nyaika, Omukama of Toro, from 1866 until 1871 and from 1871 until 1872. No mention is made of his mother. He ascended to the throne following the abdication of his elder brother, Rukirabasaija Isingoma Rukidi II in 1875.\n\nPersonal life\nNo mention is made about the marital life of Omukama Rububi Kyebambe II. It is not known how many children were fathered by Omukama Rububi Kyebambe II.\n\nHis reign\nHe became Omukama following the abdication of his brother, Rukidi II, in 1875. However, later that year, Toro was invaded by the Bunyoro Army under the command of Chief Kikukule of Bugangaizi. He fled to Buganda. Two years later, he returned and deposed his younger brother, Omukama Katera, in 1877. He ruled until he himself was deposed in 1879.\n\nThe final years\nOmukama Rububi Kyebambe II deposed by his younger brother, Rukirabasaija Kakende Nyamuyonjo, in 1879, with the support of the Buganda Army. It is not known where and how Omukama Rububi Kyebambe died or what caused his death.\n\nSuccession table:First time\n\nSuccession table:Second time\n\nSee also\n Omukama of Toro\n\nReferences\n\nToro\n19th-century rulers in Africa", "A King's Story is a 1965 British documentary film directed by Harry Booth about the life of King Edward VIII, from his birth until abdication in 1936. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.\n\nSee also\n Orson Welles filmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1965 films\nBritish films\nEnglish-language films\nBritish documentary films\nFilms directed by Harry Booth\nDocumentary films about British royalty\n1965 documentary films\nEdward VIII\nCultural depictions of the Edward VIII abdication crisis" ]

[ "Juan Carlos I of Spain", "Abdication", "What is Abdication?", "the King's chief of staff in a briefing denied that the 'abdication option' was being considered." ]

[ "At about 11:45 A.M. on September 16, 1971, Malév Flight 110 crashed near Kiev-Borispol Airport, Ukraine.\n\nHistory\nIt was making its approach, but there was poor visibility; due to heavy fog and poor weather conditions, it was limited to 1800 meters. To worsen the situation, the plane's generator had failed, forcing the crew to switch to the battery's auxiliary power. But due to the poor visibility, the crew was forced to make two landing attempts, both of which failed. As they tried to land, the visibility significantly decreased to about 700 meters. Usually, in the event of emergency, the equipment necessary to control the airplane could operate using batteries for at least sixty minutes when staff shut down excessive consumers such as refrigerators, kitchen heaters, or cabin lighting in time. This did not happen, so battery life decreased by half. The plane eventually ran out of battery power and crashed several kilometers away from the airport. The plane broke up and all 49 people on board perished. After an investigation, officials determined that the crash was caused by an unfortunate series of events involving pilot error, mismanagement of the situation by the ground crew, aircraft malfunctions, and poor conditions.\n\nSources \n https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19710916-2\nhttp://iho.hu/hir/a-kijevi-katasztrofa-titkai\nhttp://www.bacs-kiskun-leveltar.hu/V3/SP07_mbn/Tanulmanyok/szbe-02t-1.html\n\nAviation accidents and incidents in 1971\nAviation accidents and incidents in the Soviet Union\nAccidents and incidents involving the Tupolev Tu-134\nAviation accidents and incidents in Ukraine\nMalév Hungarian Airlines accidents and incidents\n1971 in the Soviet Union\nSeptember 1971 events in Europe\n1971 in Ukraine\n20th century in Kyiv", "Nikos Psychogios (, born 25 February 1989) is a professional Greek football player, currently playing for Aris Thessaloniki in the Football League 2.\n\nClub career\nHe started his career at Iraklis, without making a single league appearance for the club. In 2009, he signed for Beta Ethniki side Olympiakos Volou on a two-year loan. His team won the 2009–10 Beta Ethniki championship and won promotion to the 2010–11 Superleague, with him making 24 appearances and scoring 2 goals. He signed for current club Aris Thessaloniki on 23 August 2012\n\nControversy\nThere was some controversy surrounding the loan move of Nikos to Olympiakos Volou. Olympiakos initially announced that they acquired the player on a full transfer, with Nikos signing a two-year contract. The situation was cleared up on 9 February 2011, when the Hellenic Football Federation confirmed that the player was on loan to the club, and he would have to move back to Iraklis after the season was over.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1989 births\nLiving people\nGreek footballers\nSuper League Greece players\nIraklis Thessaloniki F.C. players\nDoxa Drama F.C. players\nOlympiacos Volou 1937 F.C. players\nAris Thessaloniki F.C. players\nAssociation football defenders", "Clinton scandal may refer to:\n\n Lewinsky scandal (1998), involving U.S. President Bill Clinton and his sex scandal with intern Monica Lewinsky\n Hillary Clinton email controversy (2015-2016), in which U.S. presidential candidate Hillary Clinton was found to have used unsecured, unofficial computer channels to transmit classified email" ]

[ "Juan Carlos I of Spain", "Abdication", "What is Abdication?", "the King's chief of staff in a briefing denied that the 'abdication option' was being considered.", "Was there controversy involving this situation?", "On the morning of 2 June 2014, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy made a televised announcement that the King had told him of his intention to abdicate." ]

[ "What Happened to Jones may refer to:\n What Happened to Jones (1897 play), a play by George Broadhurst\n What Happened to Jones (1915 film), a lost silent film\n What Happened to Jones (1920 film), a lost silent film\n What Happened to Jones (1926 film), a silent film comedy", "What Happened may refer to:\n\n What Happened (Clinton book), 2017 book by Hillary Clinton\n What Happened (McClellan book), 2008 autobiography by Scott McClellan\n \"What Happened\", a song by Sublime from the album 40oz. to Freedom\n \"What Happened\", an episode of One Day at a Time (2017 TV series)\n\nSee also\nWhat's Happening (disambiguation)", "An Englishman in Auschwitz is a 2001 book written by Leon Greenman, a Holocaust survivor. The book details his experiences in the Auschwitz concentration camp.\n\nThe book is a result of the commitment of English-born Greenman to God \"that if he lived, he would let the world know what happened during the war\". In short, the book describes the reminiscences of his days of imprisonment in six concentration camps of the Nazis. Greenman describes the arrival of his family (consisting of himself, his wife, Esther, a Dutchwoman, and their three-year-old son, Barney) at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in these words: The women were separated from the men: Else and Barny were marched about 20 yards away to a queue of women...I tried to watch Else. I could see her clearly against the blue lights. She could see me too for she threw me a kiss and held up our child for me to see. What was going through her mind I will never know. Perhaps she was pleased that the journey had come to an end.\n\nReferences\n\n2001 non-fiction books\nPersonal accounts of the Holocaust" ]

[ "Juan Carlos I of Spain", "Abdication", "What is Abdication?", "the King's chief of staff in a briefing denied that the 'abdication option' was being considered.", "Was there controversy involving this situation?", "On the morning of 2 June 2014, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy made a televised announcement that the King had told him of his intention to abdicate.", "What else happened?", "Royal officials described the King's choice as a personal decision which he had been contemplating since his 76th birthday at the start of the year." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts", "This article is about the demographic features of the population of Saint Mary's, including population density, internet access, crime rate, and other aspects of the population.\n\nPopulation \nAccording to the 2011 census the population of Saint Mary was 7,341.\n\nOther demographics statistics (2011)\n\nCensus Data (2011)\n\nIndividual\n\nHousehold \nThere are 2,512 households in Saint Mary Parish.\n\nSee also\nDemographics of Antigua and Barbuda\n\nReferences\n\nAntigua and Barbuda Christians\nDemographics of Antigua and Barbuda" ]

[ "Melanie C", "Musical style" ]

[ "Melanie Is Demented is an electro punk rock artist from Stockholm, Sweden.\nHis name is Melanie Martinsson. He started out as an artist in the year 2000 and is currently signed to Wormfood Records.\nHis music has a mixed style including rap, punk rock, alternative rock, electronica, techno and industrial. \nHe has released 4 mixtapes, 4 EPs and 5 albums, though due to the current music industry's lack of tangible/physical record production/sales, he coined the term 'Dement-O-Vision' to describe the recent digital releases. With a lack of genres to compare his music to, he has also coined the term \"skräckno\" as a genre, which is a play of words in Swedish which can be translated into \"horror-techno.\"\n\nIn 2010 Melanie Martinsson and freelance photographer Alexander Donka worked on a photoproject depicting the recording of the latest album.\nIn 2011 the album was successful on a zero marketing budget and sold Gold (20k), on ESC season, and also received the Impala Sales Award.\n\nMelanie is Demented has music featured in various films, such as the Truckfighters movie.\nMelanie has extensively used social networking to build a fanbase.\n\nIn 2014 Melanieisdemented releases the album Blind, which is a soundtrack to a book with the same title and pseudonym. It is the most costly DIY-project in Sweden to date.\nThe album is a themealbum which accompanies the book. The book is about what would happen if all of the worlds firearms were exchanged with oranges.\n\nIn 2015 Melanie Is Demented plays a sold-out European tour together with Portuguese indielabel Chili Com Carne, and all profits go to charity. The promoted mixtape get recognised as top five of the year by various papers.\n\nIn 2016 he releases a critically acclaimed album called We Split Up Searching For You, a project describing the horrors his neighborhood suffered during 2015, with all proceeds going to charity.\n\nHe is currently working on the followup album Ulsa, a sequel to Blind entitled Kyle's Apartment, a clothing line entitled KKCCBB, and a machine that can only fire human teeth at armor-piercing velocity entitled Grief MK 1.\n\nDiscography \n Expendable Material - (2002)\n Wormfood Sessions - (2003)\n M.I.D'S Kramgoa - (2003)\n Busfärskt Material - (2004)\n Unleash Destruction With Precision In 1ST Person View Mode - (2007)\n How To Succeed In The Musicbusiness Without Really Dying - (2007)\n How To Succeed In The Waste Management Business Without Really Dying - (2008)\n How To Die Institutionalized Without Any Chance Of Surviving - (2009)\n Die Or Get Rich Tryin - (2009)\n F**K You And Thanks For Nothing - (2010)\n Melanie Är Demented - (2011)\n MXLXNXXXSDXMXNTXD - (2011)\n Blind - (2014)\n We Split Up Searching For You - (2016)\n Ulsa - (TBA)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n http://www.melanieisdemented.com\n \n http://www.groove.se/pdf/groove08-09.pdf\n http://outoffocusmag.com/alexander-donka-melanie-is-demented/\n http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=1319&artikel=4499532\n http://issuu.com/infektionmag/docs/infektion09\n https://www.vulkanmedia.se/forfattarintervjuer/blind-av-melanieisdemented/\n http://www.stockholmdirekt.se/nyheter/melanies-skrackno-saljer-guld-i-europa/aRKoed!HebwWJVWlz8rCgOA91W35g/\n http://gaffa.se/photo#6\n http://www.artesonora.pt/featured/as10-2015-em-k7/\n http://sverigesradio.se/sida/gruppsida.aspx?programid=4876&grupp=22348&artikel=6597389\n http://liveatheart.se/musik/artister/SingleArtist?artist=20623&name=melanieisdemented-Electronic&i=a7029dd5-3733-4a43-aedf-6a3cf0e5512b_media_13288055_10154007152300210_1840726096_o.jpg\n https://artportable.com/artist/melanieisdemented/\n https://artportable.com/surrealism/melanie-is-demented-om-varfor-alltet-ar-ett-ingenting-och-att-resa-sig-ur-nihilismens-aska/\n\nMusical groups established in 2001\nSwedish punk rock groups", "Melanie R. White (born April 24, 1986) is an American designer from Yonkers, NY.\n\nEarly life \n\nWhite was born on April 24, 1986 and is from Yonkers, NY. She graduated from The Convent of the Sacred Heart in 2004. She attended and graduated from Hampton University in 2008. She joined Delta Sigma Theta sorority's Gamma Iota chapter while attending Hampton University.\n\nCareer \n\nIn 2009, she started her own accessories company named MELANIE MARiE. In 2010, she opened a boutique in Philadelphia on Temple's Campus called Greek & Life Boutique. Melanie is known best for her work with MELANIE MARiE. It can be seen on dozens of celebrities and featured in numerous publications. She creates custom gold items for the biggest names and has collaborated with celebrities such as Beyonce, Ty Hunter, Adrienne Bailon and many more. She also known for her line of fashionable wearable technology items in which she has partnered with Metawear to create fashion forward technology pieces which will help people in everyday living. Melanie was listed as the \"Black Designer to Know\" on Ebony. Cosmopolitan Magazine listed Melanie's line in their Christmas gift guide on what to buy for the holidays. Melanie also has been featured in many modeling ads and even music videos.\n\nFilmography (including music videos & television shows)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n AnnDrew Marie Custom Children Jewelry Website\n Melanie Marie Custom Jewelry website\n Melanie Marie Mobile Application website\n Greek & Life Boutique Inventory Site\n Greek & Life Boutique website\n\nAmerican jewelry designers\n1986 births\nLiving people" ]

[ "Melanie C", "Musical style", "What is Melanie's music style?", "Chisholm's music is generally pop and rock. She also released an album of show tunes." ]

[ "\"Modern Fiction\" is an essay by Virginia Woolf. The essay was published in The Times Literary Supplement on April 10, 1919 as \"Modern Novels\" then revised and published as \"Modern Fiction\" in The Common Reader (1925). The essay is a criticism of writers and literature from the previous generation. It also acts as a guide for writers of modern fiction to write what they feel, not what society or publishers want them to write.\n\nSynopsis\nIn \"Modern Fiction\", Woolf elucidates upon what she understands modern fiction to be. Woolf states that a writer should write what inspires them and not follow any special method. She believed writers are constrained by the publishing business, by what society believes literature should look like and what society has dictated how literature should be written. Woolf believes it is a writer's job to write the complexities in life, the unknowns, not the unimportant things.\n\nShe criticizes H.G. Wells, Arnold Bennett, John Galsworthy of writing about unimportant things and called them materialists. She suggests that it would be better for literature to turn their backs on them so it can move forward, for better or worse. While Woolf criticizes the aforementioned three authors, she praises several other authors for their innovation. This group of writers she names spiritualists, and includes James Joyce who Woolf says writes what interests and moves him.\n\nWoolf wanted writers to focus on the awkwardness of life and craved originality in their work. Woolf's overall hope was to inspire modern fiction writers to write what interested them, wherever it may lead.\n\nThemes\n\nVirginia Woolf as critic\n\nVirginia Woolf was known as a critic by her contemporaries and many scholars have attempted to analyse Woolf as a critic. In her essay, \"Modern Fiction\", she criticizes H.G. Wells, Arnold Bennett and John Galsworthy and mentions and praises Thomas Hardy, Joseph Conrad, William Henry Hudson, James Joyce and Anton Chekhov.\n\nAs a critic, she does not take an analytical point of view and it is believed to be due to the influences of impressionism at the time that she was able to do so. Her writing and criticism was often done by intuition and feelings rather than by a scientific, analytical or systematic method. Virginia Woolf says of criticism:\n\nWoolf speaks of criticism as being vague rather than concrete. In her criticism within \"Modern Fiction\" of H.G. Wells for instance, she is vague in what is wrong with writings but focuses more on the abstract ideals for his fiction rather his work. Woolf's body of essays offer criticism on a variety and diverse collection of literature in her unsystematic method.\n\nWoolf's analysis of Russian versus British literature\nIn \"Modern Fiction\", Woolf takes the time to analyse Anton Chekhov's \"Gusev\" and in general, how Russians write. Woolf spent time polishing translated Russian texts for a British audience with S.S.Kotelianskii which gave her perspectives she used to analyse the differences between British literature and Russian literature. Woolf says of Russian writers:\n\nTo Woolf, Russian writers see something entirely different in life than the British. In comparison to Russian writers and authors, Woolf says of British literature:\n\nDue to Woolf's work in polishing translations, she was able to see the differences between Russian and British authors. Yet she also knew that \"from the comparison of two fictions so immeasurably far apart are futile save indeed as they flood us with a view of infinite possibilities of the art\". Woolf's main purpose in comparing the two culturally different writers was to show the possibilities that modern fiction would be able to take in the future.\n\nWoolf, writers and fiction\nWoolf's \"Modern Fiction\" essay focuses on how writers should write or what she hopes for them to write. Woolf does not suggest a specific way to write. Instead, she wants writers to simply write what interests them in any way that they choose to write. Woolf suggests, “Any method is right, every method is right, that expresses what we wish to express, if we are writers; that brings us closer to the novelist's intention if we are readers\". Woolf wanted writers to express themselves in such a way that it showed life as it should be seen not as \"a series of gig lamps symmetrically arranged\". She set out to inspire writers of modern fiction by calling for originality, criticizing those who focused on the unimportant things, and comparing the differences of cultural authors, all for the sake of fiction and literature.\n\nReferences\n\nWorks by Virginia Woolf\nEssays about literature", "Leigh Chapman (March 29, 1939 – November 4, 2014) was an American actress and screenwriter. She began her career in acting during the 1960s, notably in a recurring role as Sarah Johnson, a secretary in the NBC television series, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., 1965.\n\nChapman transitioned to a career in screen and scriptwriting from the 1960s to the 1990s. She focused on writing for action-adventure films, an unusual genre for women scriptwriters in Hollywood during the 1970s. The Hollywood Reporter called Chapman \"a pioneering female screenwriter in the action-adventure genre.\" Her screenwriting credits included Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry in 1974 and The Octagon in 1980.\n\nBiography\n\nEarly life \nChapman was born Rosa Lee Chapman in 1939 in Kannapolis, North Carolina. She graduated from Winthrop College (now called Winthrop University), located in Rock Hill, South Carolina. She married right out of college, and her husband wanted to be an actor, so they relocated to Los Angeles during the early 1960s. She initially hired for her first job as a secretary for an attorney at the William Morris Agency, a major Hollywood talent agency. Her marriage ended after a year but she stayed at the agency. She was dating a writer, Ed Lakso, which got her interested in writing. Agents at the William Morris Agency suggested her secretarial position led to her early acting roles.\n\nHollywood beginnings\nChapman got interested in acting and began to take classes and do auditions. In April 1963 she joined the cast of a stage production of Come Blow Your Horn. She began to get television work as well, appearing in episodes of The Eleventh Hour, McHale's Navy, Burke's Law, and Ripcord as well as the feature Law of the Lawless (1963). She had another stage success when she joined the cast of a production of Under the Yum Yum Tree in early 1964. She appeared in Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre, Combat!, Dr. Kildare, and The Wild Wild West.\n\nChapman wanted to write and did a \"spec\" episode of Burke's Law which they liked and bought, launching her writing career. She would write several episodes of the show. Chapman wrote the feature A Swingin' Summer (1965). Following this she was signed to write three features for writer-producer Norman Maurer’s unit at Columbia, 20,000 Bikinis Under the Sea, That Loving Feeling and It’s a Tuf Life, but the beach party fad ended before any were produced. She alternated between acting and writing, having a semi regular role on The Man from U.N.C.L.E., playing the secretary of Napoleon Solo.\n\nShe also appeared in Iron Horse, Occasional Wife, The Professionals (in 1966), and The Monkees. She wrote episodes of My Favorite Martian, Mission: Impossible, and The Wild Wild West. She said \"I loved doing Wild Wild West, because it was outrageous. The guy I always had the story conferences with, Henry Sharp, he was so much fun, and lively.\" She remembered on Mission Impossible \"at the end, the, quote, clever thing was that the villains were at point A and trying to get to point B, and you wanted them to go to point C, and so you just switched the road signs and they ended up at point C.\"\n\nIn 1967 she wrote Kings X for producer Albert S. Ruddy. She helped write a pilot, Where the Girls Are (1968), and appeared in another one, Land's End, with Desi Arnaz, an experience she hated so much it made her decide to quit acting.\n\nShe wrote episodes of It Takes a Thief, and Mod Squad. She did an unproduced feature, Occam’s Razor (1969), for a company she formed with Harley Hatcher, Har-Leigh. The film was not made. She was also mentored by Howard Hawks. \"Plot, or structure, really, is my weakness,\" she said later. \"But dialogue is my strong suit.\"\n\nChapman then decided to drop out and live in Hawaii for a year.\n\nAction films\nWhen she returned from Hawaii she decided not to work in TV and to focus on features. Chapman wrote an early treatment for Truck Turner (1974). She wrote the unproduced Blackfather (1974) for producer Norman T. Herman. She was hired to rewrite a script, Pursuit which became Dirty Mary Crazy Larry (1974), a huge success. She also wrote How Come Nobody's on Our Side? (1974), less widely seen. She sold a spec script to Dino De Laurentiis, Detroit Boogie (1974) and did a prison film, The Tin Walls (1975) for Robert Ellis Miller. Neither was made.\n\nChapman later said she drifted to action films because there were \"just my temperament. I couldn’t write a romantic comedy or a chick flick or a love story if my life [depended on it]. I mean, I could write a love story, but it would have to be like a Casablanca type of love story, and some people would have to die. I mean, I daresay, if I analyze this – and I have – growing up the way I did, that my alter ego is male. Because I decided very early on that guys got to have all the fun. I mean, women, what did they do? They fall in love, they get married, they have kids. There are exceptional women in this world, yes there are. But when I was growing up, they were just totally boring... I like larger-than-life characters who do dangerous, heroic things. And that, to me, means men.\"\n\nChapman wrote some scripts in the late 1970s — The Laconia Incident (1977), Felonious Laughter (1978), Rhintestone Heights and Motordrome Project (1980) — that were not filmed. She wrote scripts for Steel (1979), and Boardwalk (1979). She wrote the story and script for The Octagon (1980) with Chuck Norris. She wrote the script for King of the Mountain (1981) and did an uncredited rewrite on ...All the Marbles (1981). In 1982, she pitched an idea for a female remake of The Fountainhead, but it was not made.\n\nChapman wrote Impulse (1990), directed by Sondra Locke and produced by Ruddy. She wrote Storm and Sorrow(1990) based on her own novel. In the early 1990s, she wrote a script for Jean-Claude Van Damme that was not made. Chapman wrote the pilot for Walker, Texas Ranger (1993) starring Norris but had an unhappy experience and left the show after only writing a few episodes. She did an early draft of what became An Eye for an Eye (1996.\n\nChapman appeared in the 2001 USA Network television film After the Storm.\n\nLater life and death\nChapman picked up underwater photography during her later life. An exhibition of her aquatic photographs was held at Calumet Photography in Hollywood in 2011. Chapman died at her home in West Hollywood on November 4, 2014, at the age of 75. She had been diagnosed with cancer eight months before. She never remarried, but among the men she dated were Robert Vaughn and Harlan Ellison.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1939 births\n2014 deaths\nAmerican television actresses\nScreenwriters from California\nAmerican television writers\nWinthrop University alumni\nPeople from West Hollywood, California\nPeople from Kannapolis, North Carolina\n20th-century American actresses\nScreenwriters from North Carolina\nAmerican women television writers\nAmerican women screenwriters\n21st-century American women" ]

[ "Melanie C", "Musical style", "What is Melanie's music style?", "Chisholm's music is generally pop and rock. She also released an album of show tunes.", "What group did she write for?", "Chisholm has received co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded with Spice Girls" ]

[ "The Greece national under-17 football team is the Under-17 years of age team of the Greece national football team.\n\nThis team is for Greek players aged 17 or under at the start of the UEFA European Under-17 Championship (From 1982 to 2001 it was an Under-16 event).\n\nHistory\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align: center;\" \n|-\n!Year\n!Round\n!\n!\n!\n!\n!\n!\n!Squad\n|-\n|colspan=9 style=\"background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;\"|UEFA European Under-16 Championship\n|-\n| 1982||colspan=8 rowspan=2|Did not qualify\n|-\n| 1984\n|- style=\"background:silver;\"\n| 1985||Runners-up||5||3||1||1||8||5||Squad\n|- \n|style=\"border: 3px solid red\"| 1986||Group stage||3||0||0||3||0||7||Squad\n|-\n| 1987||Group stage||3||0||3||0||1||1||Squad\n|-\n| 1988||colspan=8|Did not qualify\n|- \n| 1989||Group stage||3||0||2||1||4||5||Squad\n|- \n| 1990||colspan=8|Did not qualify\n|- style=\"background:#c96;\"\n| 1991||Semi-final||3||2||2||1||7||2||Squad\n|-\n| 1992||colspan=8|Did not qualify\n|-\n| 1993||Group stage||3||0||2||1||2||5||Squad\n|- \n| 1994||rowspan=2 colspan=8|Did not qualify\n|-\n| 1995\n|- \n| 1996||Semi-final||5||3||1||2||7||8||Squad\n|-\n| 1997||colspan=8|Did not qualify\n|-\n| 1998||Quarter-final||3||2||1||1||5||2||Squad\n|-\n| 1999||Group stage||3||1||0||2||1||4||Squad \n|-\n| 2000||Semi-final||3||2||2||2||9||13||Squad\n|-\n| 2001||colspan=8|Did not qualify\n|-\n|colspan=9 style=\"background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;\"|UEFA European Under-17 Championship\n|-\n| 2002||colspan=8|Did not qualify\n|-\n| 2003||rowspan=3 colspan=8|Did not qualify (Elite round)\n|-\n| 2004\n|-\n| 2005\n|-\n| 2006||colspan=8|Did not qualify\n|-\n| 2007||rowspan=3 colspan=8|Did not qualify (Elite round)\n|-\n| 2008\n|-\n| 2009\n|-\n| 2010||Group stage||3||0||1||2||1||4||Squad\n|-\n| 2011||colspan=8|Did not qualify (Elite round)\n|-\n| 2012||rowspan=2 colspan=8|Did not qualify\n|-\n| 2013\n|-\n| 2014||colspan=8|Did not qualify (Elite round)\n|-\n| 2015||Group stage||3||1||1||1||3||3||Squad\n|-\n| 2016||rowspan=3 colspan=8|Did not qualify (Elite round)\n|-\n| 2017\n|-\n| 2018\n|-\n| 2019||Group stage||3||0||1||2||1||6||Squad\n|-\n| 2020||rowspan=2 colspan=8|Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic|-\n| 2021\n|-\n| 2022||rowspan=1 colspan=8|To be determined|-\n|Total||14/18||63||35||10||18||102||65|| \n|}\n\nResults and schedule\nThe following is a list of match results from the previous 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.\n\n2021\n\nEuro 2022 Under-17 Championship qualification\n\n2022 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualification\nGroup 8\n\nPlayers\nCurrent squad\nSquad called for the 2022 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualification. \n\nCaps and goals correct as of 1 November 2021, after the match against France.\n\nFormer squads\n2019 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads – Greece\n2015 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads – Greece\n2010 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads – Greece\n\nSee also\nGreece national football team\nGreece national under-23 football team\nGreece national under-21 football team\nGreece national under-20 football team\nGreece national under-19 football team\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nGreece U-17 at HFF \nGreece U-17 at UEFA\nUEFA European U-17 Championship at uefa.com''\n\nEuropean national under-17 association football teams\nunder\nYouth football in Greece", "Japani Shyam (born 1988) is one of 14 Indian Gond artist who took forward the Gond tribal art form.\n\nEarly life\nShyam was born in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. She is the daughter of Nankusia Shyam and pioneering contemporary Indian Gond artist Jangarh Singh Shyam. Her mother Nansukia is one of the prominent Gond artists. When her father first time had been to Japan she had born. So they named her Japani. She was 13 years old when her father committed suicide. After this incident, she, sibling Mayank and their mother had taken forward Jangarh's new style in traditional Gond art- named Jangarh Kalam.\n\nCarrier\nShyam began painting with her father Jangarh Singh Shyam when she was 7 years old. She used to assist her father in his exhibition. Her father submitted her work for competition when she was 11 years old. Subsequently, she won the Kamala Devi Award. She had her exhibition in the cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Bangalore.\n\nStyle & themes\nShyam's painting usually based on nature, animal and birds. She is keen to paint simple form with a comparatively light colour, unlike other prominent Gond artists. Shyam draws animals from her imagination that might not resemble the real ones. She had developed her own white on the black style of painting after some experimentation with new ideas. Trees play a major role in her painting.\n\nExhibitions\nShyam had her International exhibition in New York and Tokyo, with other international exhibition in the countries like Korea and France.\n\nSolo\nShyam did her first solo exhibition at Gallerie Ganesha in New Delhi in 2019\n\nGroup\nShe did her group exhibition with Bhajju Shyam, Mayank Shyam and Ram Singh Urvetti at Bhopal 2011.\nHer next group exhibition with Korean calligrapher Song Dong OCK in Chennai in 2018.\n\nAwards\nKamla Devi Award at the Crafts Museum in Delhi 1999\nFICCI Young Achiever's Award 2018\n\nSee also\nJangarh Singh Shyam\n\nReferences \n\n1988 births\nLiving people\n21st-century Indian women artists\nIndian women painters\nPeople from Madhya Pradesh" ]

[ "Melanie C", "Musical style", "What is Melanie's music style?", "Chisholm's music is generally pop and rock. She also released an album of show tunes.", "What group did she write for?", "Chisholm has received co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded with Spice Girls", "What style did her group have?", "I don't know." ]

[ "The Polaroid 600 Spice Cam Instant Film Camera is an instant camera made by the Polaroid Corporation in association with British girl group the Spice Girls, as part of Polaroid's 600 series.\n\nHistory\nIn 1997, Polaroid signed a deal with the Spice Girls to develop the Spice Cam, a variation on the company's OneStep instant camera with brighter colours (purple, pink, orange, and silver) and a new design. The association with the pop group was Polaroid's attempt to appeal to a younger demographic, and the camera came with customizable Spice Girls stickers and labels. The Spice Cam was sold in record stores in addition to traditional camera outlets. Polaroid used the Spice Cam to promote its new 'Extreme 600' film format.\n\nThe Spice Cam was Polaroid's first camera to be named after a group or person. The Spice Girls filmed television adverts and conducted a number of promotional photoshoots for the camera. The camera was also exhibited at the 1998 Photo Marketing Association Show.\n\nThe Spice Cam was sold in the United States, Europe, Asia and Australia. Cox News Service said of the camera, \"like the fun-loving quintet, SpiceCam has more style than substance.\"\n\nReferences\n\nInstant cameras\nPolaroid cameras\nCameras introduced in 1997\nSpice Girls", "Viva Forever! is a jukebox musical based on the songs of the British girl group the Spice Girls. It was written by Jennifer Saunders, produced by Judy Craymer and directed by Paul Garrington.\n\nThe show began previews at the Piccadilly Theatre, London, on 27 November 2012 and had its Press Night on 11 December 2012. It features some of the group's biggest hit songs including \"Wannabe\", \"Spice Up Your Life\" and the eponymous \"Viva Forever\". The show generated over £2,000,000 in pre-opening ticket sales.\n\nViva Forever! was panned by critics, receiving some of the worst reviews of 2012. It was announced on 2 May 2013 that the show was to close on 29 June 2013 after seven months with a loss of at least £5 million.\n\nPlot\nThe musical is based on a band member named Viva who lives on a houseboat. The story starts when her band gets through to the audition stages of a TV show. The band get through multiple rounds of the auditions, but on the final round, Viva gets through, without her bandmates. As Viva follows her dreams, Viva Forever! charts her journey into the world of overnight celebrity and its impact on her mother and the friends she thought she'd have forever.\n\nBackground\n\nIn 2010, Judy Craymer teamed up with Geri Halliwell, Simon Fuller (the one-time manager of the Spice Girls) and Universal Music to start developing a musical entitled Viva Forever!, based on the songs of the Spice Girls. Although the Spice Girls themselves were not to be in the show, they were to influence the show's cast and production choices in a story which uses their music but bears no relation to their personal story. This approach is similar to that of ABBA's music in Mamma Mia!, a show which Craymer produced and helped turn into a global phenomenon.\n\nOn 26 June 2012, to promote the launch of the show, all five former Spice Girls attended a press conference in London at the St. Pancras Renaissance London Hotel, the location where the group filmed the music video for their breakthrough hit \"Wannabe,\" sixteen years earlier, to the day.\n\nProductions\n\nWest End (2012–2013)\nOn 13 July 2012, the first casting was announced with Hannah John-Kamen as Viva and Sally Ann Triplett as her mother Lauren and following previews from 27 November 2012, Viva Forever! opened in the West End on 11 December 2012 at the Piccadilly Theatre after a delayed start, due to the late arrival of Victoria Beckham, one of the original group members. It was announced on 2 May 2013 that the show would close after only seven months, with a loss of \"at least £5 million\". Due to poor ticket sales, the show closed on 29 June 2013. It was replaced at the Piccadilly Theatre by the musical Dirty Dancing from 13 July 2013.\n\nProducer Judy Craymer told the Evening Standard, \"Despite wonderful audiences, standing ovations and positive social media it has proved very difficult to fight back when such negativity was cast, especially in these very tough economic times.\"\n\nMusical numbers\nWhen the show first opened, it included 23 musical numbers, featuring some of the Spice Girls' biggest hits including a mashup of \"Mama\" and \"Goodbye\", as well as two solo songs from the group's solo efforts: \"I Turn to You\" by Melanie Chisholm and \"Look at Me\" by Geri Halliwell.\n\nThe following musical numbers were part of the show on opening night:\n\nAct I\n Prologue / \"Wannabe\" - The Company\n \"Something Kinda Funny\" - Viva, Luce, Diamond & Holly\n \"Let Love Lead the Way\" - Lauren, Suzi & Mitch\n \"Right Back At Ya\" - Viva, Luce, Diamond, Holly & The Company\n \"Denying\" - Simone & Johnny\n \"The Lady Is a Vamp\" - Viva, Luce, Diamond & Holly\n \"Too Much\" - Lauren & Suzi\n \"Look at Me\" - Simone, Johnny & Karen\n \"Saturday Night Divas\" - The Company\n \"Stop\" - Viva, Luce, Diamond & Holly\n \"Do It\" - Simone, Viva, Luce, Diamond & Holly\n \"Say You'll Be There\" - Viva, Luce, Diamond & Holly\n \"Goodbye\" / \"Mama\" / \"Headlines (Friendship Never Ends)\" - Lauren, Viva & Simone\n\nAct II\n Entr'acte (\"Who Do You Think You Are\" / \" Spice Up Your Life\" / \"Right Back At Ya\" / \"Say You'll be There\") - Full cast\n \"Move Over\" / \"Tell Me Why\" - Leon, Viva, Luce, Diamond, Holly, The Company\n \"Time Goes By\" - Viva\n \"Who Do You Think You Are\" - Simone, Viva, & The Company\n \"Spice Up Your Life\" - Viva, & The Company\n \"Viva Forever\" - Angel & Viva\n \"2 Become 1\" - Lauren & Mitch\n \"I Turn to You\" - Simone\n \"Headlines (Friendship Never Ends)\" (reprise) - Viva & Lauren\n \"Saturday Night Divas\" (Reprise) - The Company\n \"Wannabe\" (Reprise) - Viva, Luce, Diamond, Holly & The Company\n\nEncore\n \"Stop\" (Reprise) - The Company\n \"Spice Up Your Life\" (Reprise) - The Company\n Playout; (\"Who Do You Think You Are\") - The Orchestra\n\nPrincipal roles and original cast\nThe following cast and characters are part of the show:\n\nChanges to musical numbers\nDuring the course of the show's run, several changes were made to the show's script and musical numbers. \"Something Kinda Funny\" was replaced with a reprise of \"Wannabe\", \"The Lady Is a Vamp\" was reinstated into the show after being removed, and \"Say You'll Be There\" was re-orchestrated into an up-tempo number more similar to the original version of the song. The Entr'acte was shortened, \"Time Goes By\" was replaced with a reprise of \"Mama\", A few lines of \"Never Give Up on the Good Times\" were added and sung a cappella into the second act of the show, \"I Turn to You\" was removed from the show as well as the reprise of \"Saturday Night Divas\", and \"Headlines (Friendship Never Ends)\" was shortened.\n\nCritical response\nThe theatrical reviews following the opening Press Night (First Night) were largely negative:\nDaily Telegraph: \"I'll tell you what I wanted, what I really really wanted – I wanted this terrible show to stop. Viva Forever! has absolutely no redeeming features whatsoever. This show is not just bad, it is definitively, monumentally and historically bad. I shall not dwell on the plot because, goodness knows, Jennifer Saunders, its writer, certainly hasn’t done. Its producer, Judy Craymer, may profess to have spent some money on it, but I have no idea where it has gone and, as for the songs, they are uniformly scummy, scratchy and screechy. There is no acting to speak of, either, so I shall not identify any of the girls who appear in it, lest they be subjected to recriminations. Thrown together without any great thought and ugly in every respect, Viva Forever! marks the West End coming to an unequivocal dead end. This musical is tawdry, lazy and unedifying, and one could sense a miasma of disappointment emanating from an audience of up-for-it Spice Girls fans realising that they had paid top whack to see a clunker.\"\nThe Independent: \"Charmless, messy, lacklustre... so lacking in any truly original or challenging spark of its own. Viva Forever! forever? I rather think not.\"\nThe Guardian: \"The real problem is the songs. For one thing, there aren't enough memorable hits in a career that lasted for three albums to support two hours of theatre.\"\nThe Stage: \"One of the biggest disappointments is Jennifer Saunders’ rather trite book which is symbolic of what is sadly a lazily put-together show. Saunders exhibits her lack of experience in writing for the stage. It soon becomes clear that the Spice Girls’ back catalogue is not generally of a high enough standard to be reinterpreted in this way.\"\nEvening Standard: \"Jennifer Saunders’s script, which ought to carry us efficiently from one song to the next, is ponderous. Aspects of it are positively bizarre.\"\nTQS magazine: \"Viva Forever! is an overlong, (mostly) unfunny and underwhelming show which makes even the most devout Spice fan question their musical taste.\"\nThe Huffington Post: \"The world premiere of the Spice Girls' musical certainly had its moments of high drama which kept the audience glued. Unfortunately, none of it was happening on the stage.\"\nWhat's on Stage: \"Jennifer Saunders’ confused narrative - totally un-theatrical, completely un-satirical.\"\nSunday Express: \"Viva Forever! is a phoney, manufactured musical about a phoney, manufactured band, marooned by a structurally inept, unfunny script.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\n\n2012 musicals\nWest End musicals\nSpice Girls\nWorks about the Spice Girls\nJukebox musicals\nBritish musicals" ]

[ "Melanie C", "Musical style", "What is Melanie's music style?", "Chisholm's music is generally pop and rock. She also released an album of show tunes.", "What group did she write for?", "Chisholm has received co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded with Spice Girls", "What style did her group have?", "I don't know.", "What was the Spice Girls musical style?", "I don't know." ]

[ "This Type of Thinking (Could Do Us In) is the third studio album by American rock band Chevelle. Debuting at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 based on nearly 90,000 copies sold in its first week, it charted higher than its predecessor, Wonder What's Next but did not exceed its debut position. The album did not manage to match its predecessor's commercial success, but was certified platinum. This Type of Thinking follows generally the same heavy style as Wonder What's Next with popular singles like \"Vitamin R\" and \"The Clincher\". It would be the first of two records produced by Michael \"Elvis\" Baskette. This was also the final album featuring bassist Joe Loeffler, who departed from the band in 2005.\n\nBackground and recording\nComing off a highly successful major label debut, Chevelle finishing touring on December 17, 2003. They set out to write a follow-up album from scratch at the onset of the following year in what drummer Sam Loeffler described as a different approach to writing. He also noted how the band felt significant pressure from their label to not simply match but topple the platinum success of Wonder What's Next. In a 2004 interview, Loeffler described the process of approaching This Type of Thinking:\n\"We went home for Christmas and after New Year's we went into the studio and we said, 'All right, we have to write a whole record in basically four months.' We had no songs, so we had to write that whole record and we ended up taking five months. We wanted to go heavy, we wanted to do a lot of double-bass drum, kind of syncopated rhythms, and we wanted to basically write songs that we could bob our heads to. That was sort of where we started. We're a heavy melodic rock band, that's what we like to write, and that's what we like to play. And that's what we did.\"\n\nThis time around, Chevelle opted to produce their own album with the help of Michael \"Elvis\" Baskette. This Type of Thinking would continue the balance of melody and heaviness of its predecessor. And much like the final track on Wonder What's Next, \"Bend the Bracket\" would be recorded simply as an acoustic demo for its unpolished presentation.\n\nCritical reception\n\nAllMusic editor Johnny Loftus observes the album as \"...flatly mixed, lost in depression, and obsessed with rewriting \"Sober\" for a new generation of lank-haired misunderstoods.\"\n\nMelodic calls it \"...a real quality album that you will never get bored of.\", praising the songs \"The Clincher\", \"Vitamin R (Leading Us Along)\" and \"Another Know It All\".\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel\nChevelle\n Pete Loeffler – guitar, vocals\n Joe Loeffler – bass, backing vocals\n Sam Loeffler – drums\n\nTechnical personnel\n Andy Wallace – mixing\n Ben Goldman – A&R\n Christian Lantry – photography\n Dave Holdredge – digital editing, drum programming, engineer\n Eddy Schreyer – mastering\n Farra Mathews – A&R\n Jef Moll – assistant\n Josh Wilbur – digital editing\n Katharina Fritsch – cover sculpture\n Kevin Dean – assistant\n Michael \"Elvis\" Baskette – engineer, producer\n Sean Evans – art direction\n Steve Sisco – assistant\n\nCharts\n\nCertifications\n\nReferences\n\n2004 albums\nAlbums produced by Michael Baskette\nChevelle (band) albums\nEpic Records albums", "\"Political Science\" is a song written and performed by singer-songwriter Randy Newman on his 1972 album, Sail Away. In going along with the theme of the rest of the album, the song is a satire of a particular part of American culture and history, namely its foreign policies at the time. The unnamed narrator describes the state of the world, and suggests, \"Let’s drop the big one and see what happens.\"\n\nNewman later said of the song, \"I think I got into a character, this sort of jingoistic type of fellow. You know, it isn’t the type of song I wanted to write much of. Not that I didn’t love Tom Lehrer, but I don’t want to be, like Don Henley says, 'What’s this, another novelty song'. And I do write a lot of those, songs that are meant to be funny in a form that listeners take the people in it more seriously than literature.\"\n\nNewman performed the song on The Old Grey Whistle Test in 1972. \"Political Science\" is prominently performed by Newman on the final credits of the 1999 film Blast from the Past. Newman also rerecorded the song for his 2003 release The Randy Newman Songbook Vol. 1. In October 2006, Newman performed the song on The Colbert Report after being interviewed by Stephen Colbert. \n\nArtists including Don Henley, Pedro the Lion, Glen Phillips, Natalie Merchant, and Wilco have performed live covers of this song. The song is also performed in an episode of Ally McBeal by Jennifer Holliday.\n\nReferences\n\n1972 songs\nRandy Newman songs\nPolitical songs\nSatirical songs\nBlack comedy music\nSongs about the United States\nSongs about nuclear war and weapons\nSongs written by Randy Newman\nSong recordings produced by Lenny Waronker\nSong recordings produced by Russ Titelman" ]

[ "Melanie C", "Musical style", "What is Melanie's music style?", "Chisholm's music is generally pop and rock. She also released an album of show tunes.", "What group did she write for?", "Chisholm has received co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded with Spice Girls", "What style did her group have?", "I don't know.", "What was the Spice Girls musical style?", "I don't know.", "What type of songs did the group write?", "Chisholm's music is generally pop and rock." ]

[ "Maurette Brown Clark (born 1966; as Maurette Brown), is an American gospel musician. She started her solo music career in 1998 with the release of How I Feel on Verity Records. Her subsequent three album were released by Atlanta International Records, with 2002's By His Grace, 2007's The Dream and 2011's The Sound of Victory. They all charted on the Billboard Gospel Albums chart. Clark has also been a member of Richard Smallwood's group, Vision, since its inception in 1996\n\nEarly life\nClark was born in Long Island, New York to musically inclined parents. She started singing at four years of age and began singing lessons at six. She sang during her high school and collegiate days before touring with other gospel musicians.\n\nMusic career\nClark's solo music career began in 1998 with the release of How I Feel on August 25 by Verity Records, which peaked on the Billboard Gospel Albums chart at #8. Her next releases were with Atlanta International Records. She By His Grace (released August 6, 2002) reached #12 on the Gospel Albums chart. The Dream (released March 6, 2007) reached #34. The fourth album, The Sound of Victory (released November 1, 2011) reached #6. Cross Rhythms' rated her first release a six out of ten; and second, nine out of ten.\n\nDiscography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n\n1966 births\nLiving people\nAfrican-American songwriters\nAfrican-American Christians\nMusicians from New York (state)\nSongwriters from New York (state)\n21st-century African-American people\n20th-century African-American people", "Sabrina Porshi () is a Bangladeshi singer. Sabrina Porshi's career began when she became 2nd runner-up in a Music talent hunt show, Channel i \"Khude gaan raj\", in 2008. Porshi's first song recording was for a movie in 2009 arranged by \"Khude Gaan Raj\" team.\n\nEarly life and music background\n\nPorshi was born on 30 July to a Muslim family in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Her home district is Brahmanbaria. Porshi lived at Uttara for 14 years. She moved to Cambrian College to study commerce.\n\nIn 2007, Porshi took part in a singing competition named \"Komol kuri\" organized by the government, and became winner in \"country song\" category. In 2008, Porshi participated in Channel i \"Khude gaan raj\" Singing Competition, her first on-screen appearance. She became the second runner up.\n\n2008–2010\nPorshi started her music career professional when she was in \"khude gaan raj\" competition in 2008. She did her first playback in 2009. That was also her first studio recording. In 2009 she started the work of her solo album Porshi. She made the album with 5 music director. The album was finished in April 2010. The label \"Laser Vision\" released the album in Eid-ul-Fitr 2010.\n\n2011–2012\nAfter the first album, Porshi started to work as a playback singer from 2011. Her first recorded song in 2011 was \"Kothao chile na tumi\" with Arfin Rumey. On 14 February 2012 Porshi released her second solo album, Porshi 2. She also did playback songs in 2012. In 2012 Porshi announced her band named \"Bornomala\".\n\n2013–present\nIn Eid-ul-Fitr she released her third solo album Porshi 3.\n\nMusic videos\nHer first music video was \"Tomari porosh\" with Arfin Rumey, from her first album Porshi. This video was directed by Rommo Khan. Then Porshi made another three music videos from her second solo album in 2012. \"Khuje khuje\", Shudhu tore and Boro Eka \"Khuje khuje ft Arfin Rumey\" and \"Shudhu Tore ft ZooEL Morshed\" and \"Boro Eka\".\n\nIn 2013 Porshi made her 5th music video from her album Porshi 3. Porshi and the composer and co-singer of this song Imran acted in this music video.\n\nSolo albums\n\nFilmography\n\nFilm\n\nMusic\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\n21st-century Bangladeshi women singers\nBangladeshi female models\n1996 births\nLiving people" ]

[ "David Attenborough", "First years at the BBC" ]

[ "What Do Artists Do All Day? is a documentary series, airing on BBC Four. Film crews accompany various prominent artists as they go about their daily schedules and share insights into their working lives and creative processes.\n\nEpisodes\nSeries 1\n2013-03-19 – Series 1 – 1. Norman Ackroyd, the working life of Britain's celebrated landscape artist.\n2013-03-25 – Series 1 – 2. Polly Morgan, the taxidermist's strange and wonderful art\n2013-04-08 – Series 1 – 3. Jack Vettriano, the popular artist at work in his studio.\n2013-06-04 – Series 1 – 4. Cornelia Parker, prepares for a new exhibition of her work in London.\n2013-08-22 – Series 1 – 5. John Byrne, artist and writer, completes a mural for King's Theatre in Edinburgh.\n2013-11-06 – Series 1 – 6. Edmund de Waal, ceramic artist, author of the memoir The Hare with Amber Eyes\n2013-11-13 – Series 1 – 7. Shani Rhys James, Welsh painter as she prepares for a new exhibition.\n2014-02-25 – Series 1 – 8. Tom Wood, photographer at work in Mayo in the west of Ireland.\n2014-03-04 – Series 1 – 9. Frank Quitely, alter ego of Glaswegian comic-book artist, Vince Deighan.\n2014-03-13 – Series 1 – 10. Marvin Gaye Chetwynd, the performance artist's first solo UK show in Nottingham.\n2014-03-11 – Series 1 – 11. Albert Watson photographs the landscape of the Isle of Skye.\n2014-03-26 – Series 1 – 12. Antony Gormley and his team as they prepare a new work.\n2014-05-19 – Series 1 – 13. Michael Craig-Martin at work in his London studio.\nSeries 2\n2014-10-12 – Series 2 – 1. Evelyn Glennie, how the Dame became a global percussion superstar.\n2014-10-15 – Series 2 – 2. Akram Khan, the creation of TOROBAKA, the dance collaboration with Israel Galvan.\n2014-10-22 – Series 2 – 4. Michael Landy as he takes his Art Bin project to Yokohama.\n2014-11-05 – Series 2 – 5. Jake and Dinos Chapman as they prepare for a new show in Hastings.\nSeries 3\n2015-06-08 – Series 3 – 1. Tracey Emin, in her studio, preparing for an exhibition in Vienna.\n2015-06-15 – Series 3 – 2. Sue Webster, at work on new projects, including a cook book.\n2015-08-24 – Series 3 – 3. Derek Boshier works on a new painting and reflects on his life.\n2015-08-26 – Series 3 – 4. Peter Blake, following the process of his latest work.\nSeries 4\nDennis Morris\nKatie Paterson\nShirley Hughes\nSeries 5\nAnoushka Shankar\nRaqib Shaw\nMahtab Hussain\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n BBC Four – What Do Artists Do All Day?\n What Do Artists Do All Day? – Radio Times\n\n2010s British documentary television series\nDocumentary television series about art\n2013 British television series debuts\n2015 British television series endings\nBBC television documentaries\nBritish art", "Victoria Hollins is a British journalist, who works for BBC London News as a reporter and newsreader, mostly working the early morning bulletins on BBC Breakfast.\n\nEarly life\nHollins studied at the British School in the Netherlands and the British School of Brussels, before studying at the University of Birmingham from 1995. She then did a post graduate diploma in Journalism at Cardiff University.\n\nJournalism career\nHollins joined the BBC in 1999 on their journalistic training scheme, working on local BBC radio stations, then as a news presenter on BBC Radio Five Live. She spent five years at BBC London 94.9, before joining the BBC London News on TV. In 2014 Hollins ate a pair of brown shoes for charity as part of Children in Need.\n\nOther activities\nIn 2011, Hollins appeared as a television presenter in the BBC sitcom Life's Too Short.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nBBC London News - Presenter profiles BBC One\n\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nLiving people\nAlumni of the University of Birmingham\nAlumni of Cardiff University\nBBC newsreaders and journalists" ]

[ "David Attenborough", "First years at the BBC", "What kind of work did he do before working at BBC?", "After leaving the Navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company." ]

[ "Bernard William \"Berne\" Nadal (1869–1932) was an American typeface designer and artist.\n\nHe was born in Louisville, Kentucky in February 28, 1869. His mother was a French art teacher. After the death of the mother, he was placed under the instruction of H. Clay Woolford, a prominent artist of the south, but they did not work well together. Two years later Mr. Nadall began studying with Al. Legras, a classmate of the Carl Brenner. He afterward went to the Louisville School of Design for a term, and in less than a year he was working for the Louisville daily papers, the Post, the Daily Commercial and others. It was during his connection with the Post that he cartooned the \"Newman Ward Granite Steal,\" an exposé of a swindle on the city, and the result was a suit for damages in the sum of $200,000 against his paper. As a consequence, he left Louisville for Chicago, where he was employed for a time in designing and decorating, and his services were soon sought by printers and publishers. During this period he did good work in designing initials, head and tail pieces, page ornaments and titles, until he finally found congenial work for Barnhart Brothers & Spindler, the Great Western Type Foundry, of Chicago. This proved an incentive to greater exertion and closer study, and he soon determined to go abroad to make a careful study of design in its application to the typefounder's needs. He first went to Birmingham, England, the great industrial center, where every facility is afforded the student, and afterward he spent some months in Paris. Later he returned to Birmingham and applied himself diligently. He went abroad at the end of 1896, and with the exception of a brief visit to Chicago and his old home in the early part of 1899, he has remained continuously at work. Besides devoting a large part of his time to study, he has found employment for the remaining portion in designing type faces and ornaments for English typefounders. In this capacity he has not only had an opportunity to improve his art sense of the best features of the type face to be made, but he has gained a general knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of the typefounding business. Experience of this sort can only be to his ultimate advantage, and must result in reaching the front rank of designers, because it is backed by great energy and persistence.\n\nOf Mr. Nadall's productions in England, American printers have not had an opportunity to judge, as there is very little type of English manufacture which finds its way into their offices. He is yet a young man, and really has his reputation to make, but he is bound to make it. The work he did for Barnhart Brothers & Spindler was not extensive, but showed an originality of treatment and a latent talent in letter designing which give promise of better things. For this firm he designed a considerable number of borders and ornaments, all of which have met with a hearty reception from Printers. His principal type designs are Mazarin, Mazarin Italic, Fifteenth Century, Tell Text and a lightface type of pleasing design known as Nadall. This latter was probably cut lighter than the designer intended, and its usefulness thus somewhat impaired, as it has not been found durable at the press.\n\nReferences\n William E. Loy, 1900, Inland Printer, American Lithographer, Volume 25, p. 382.\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1869 births\n1932 deaths\nAmerican typographers and type designers\nArtists from Louisville, Kentucky", "The was an improved version of the Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. It had a more powerful main gun, engine and thicker armor. It was the first Japanese tank to have a communication radio as standard equipment. Production of the tank did not begin until 1943, due to the higher priority of steel allocated to the Imperial Navy for warship construction. A total of 170 units were built. All of the tanks produced were allocated for the defense of the Japanese home islands, against the anticipated Allied Invasion.\n\nHistory and development\nAfter 1941, the Imperial Japanese Army quickly realized that its 1930s designed medium tank, the Type 97 Chi-Ha, was inferior to the 1940s generation of Allied armor, such as the M4 Sherman. Since the Type 97’s low-velocity 57 mm main gun was designed for infantry support in 1938, it could not penetrate the 1940s generation of Allied armor, whereas its own thin armor made the Type 97 vulnerable to most adversaries equipped with anti-armor capabilities.\n\nIn response, a new series of tanks based on an improved Type 97 design was conceived. The first of this new series was the Type 1 Chi-He. Work on the design began in 1941. However, production did not begin until 1943, due to the higher priority of steel allocated to the Imperial Navy for warship construction. A total of 170 units were built from 1943–44, and they did not see any combat.\n\nDesign\n\nCompared to the Type 97, the Type 1 Chi-He was slightly longer and taller. Its angled, thicker frontal armor was welded, as opposed to riveted. The adding of the frontal armor and a fifth crewman increased the weight, but the \"streamlining\" of the hull reduced the increase to only 1.5 tons.\n\nThe Mitsubishi Type 100 diesel engine at 240 hp generated 70 horsepower more than the Mitsubishi Type 97 diesel engine, and was thus more than able to compensate for the additional weight in armor.\n\nThe Type 1 Chi-He's 47 mm high-velocity gun had a barrel length of 2.250 mm, a muzzle velocity of , and a penetration capability of 55 mm/100 m, 40 mm/500, 30 mm/1,000 meters; over double that of the Type 97s low-velocity main gun. It was more reliable and more accurate, with the gun barrel having a 16 groove rifling and an improved firing mechanism. The gun did require the installation of elevation gear (on the earlier Type 97 the gunner had to physically move the gun up or down on his shoulder). In light of these improvements, the gun was adequate against Allied armor. The ammunition was the same as used with the anti-tank version of the gun. The tanks carried 120 rounds of ammunition with both armor-piercing and armor-piecing high explosive shells. The gun was placed in a three-man turret, which had space for the commander, gun-layer and loader. The gun could be elevated and depressed between +20 and -15 degrees. This gun was used in the Type 97 Shinhoto Chi-Ha tank, and on the Type 3 Ka-Chi Amphibious Tank.\n\nThe Type 1 Chi-He was also the first Japanese tank to carry a radio as standard equipment in each tank, eliminating the need to use signal flags.\n\nCombat record\nAll Type 1 Chi-He tanks were allocated to the Japanese home islands to defend against the projected Allied Invasion. Despite Type 1's superiority in terms of armor and firepower over the earlier Type 97, it still underperformed in comparation to the American M4 Sherman, leading to a new medium tank design known as the Type 3 Chi-Nu.\n\nVariants\nThe Type 3 Chi-Nu medium tank retained the same chassis and suspension of the Type 1 Chi-He, with the addition of an enlarged turret ring for the new large hexagonal gun turret with a commander's cupola. The more powerful main armament, a Type 3 75 mm tank gun, was based on the Japanese Type 90 field gun.\n\nA more direct variant was the Type 97 Ka-So command tank. It was built to replace the older Type 97 Shi-Ki. It was based on the Type 1 Chi-He and had additional radios in its turret. A wood dummy main gun was placed in the turret. This way the Ka-So did not stand out from the regular tanks like the older Shi-Ki models, which had a machine gun in the turret and a 37 mm gun on the hull.\n\nAnother variant designed in 1944 was the Type 2 Ku-Se self-propelled gun (SPG). It used the Type 1 Chi-He chassis and was armed with a 75 mm gun in an open casemate with light frontal armour only.\n\nSee also\nJapanese tanks of World War II\n\nTanks of comparable role, performance and era\n German Panzer III\n Soviet T-50\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nTaki's Imperial Japanese Army Page - Akira Takizawa\nHistory of War.org\n\nType 1 Chi-he\n1 Chi-he\nWorld War II medium tanks\nMitsubishi\nMilitary vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944" ]

[ "David Attenborough", "First years at the BBC", "What kind of work did he do before working at BBC?", "After leaving the Navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company.", "Did he like this type of work?", "He soon became disillusioned with the work and in 1950 applied for a job as a radio talk producer with the BBC." ]

[ "\"Can't Cry Anymore\" is a 1995 song by American singer Sheryl Crow from her debut album, Tuesday Night Music Club (1993), released through A&M Records. The song reached number 36 on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming Crow's third top-40 hit. In Canada, the song fared better, reaching number three and becoming Crow's third consecutive top-three hit, following the number-one singles \"All I Wanna Do\" and \"Strong Enough\". Elsewhere, the song had limited success, reaching number 33 in the United Kingdom and number 41 in Australia.\n\nCritical reception\nGreg Kot of the Chicago Tribune said the song showed similarities to the Rolling Stones song \"Honky Tonk Woman\".\n\nTrack listing\nUK cassette single and UK CD single 1 and (cat. no. 581 055-4/2)\n \"Can't Cry Anymore\"\n \"All I Wanna Do\" - Remix\n \"Strong Enough\" - US Radio Version\n \"We Do What We Can\"\n\nEuropean CD single (cat. no. 581 056-2)\n \"Can't Cry Anymore\"\n \"I Shall Believe\" - Live at the Empire\n\n Track 2 recorded live at Shepherds Bush Empire Theater/GLR-BBC on June 6, 1994.\n\nUK CD single 2 and German CD single (cat. no. 581 057-2)\n \"Can't Cry Anymore\"\n \"What I Can Do for You\" - Live at the Borderline\n \"No One Said It Would Be Easy\" - Live in Nashville\n \"I Shall Believe\" - Live at the Empire\n\n Track 4 recorded live at Shepherds Bush Empire Theater/GLR-BBC on June 6, 1994.\n\nUS cassette single (cat. no. 31458 0638 4)\n \"Can't Cry Anymore\"\n \"We Do What We Can\"\n\nAustralian and US CD singles (cats. no. 581 081-2 and 31458 1081 2)\n \"Can't Cry Anymore\"\n \"No One Said It Would Be Easy\" - Live at the Empire\n \"What I Can Do for You\" - Live at the Empire\n \"I Shall Believe\" - Live at the Empire\n\n Tracks 2, 3 and 4 recorded live at Shepherds Bush Empire Theater/GLR-BBC on June 6, 1994.\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\n1993 songs\n1995 singles\nA&M Records singles\nSheryl Crow songs\nSong recordings produced by Bill Bottrell\nSongs written by Bill Bottrell\nSongs written by Sheryl Crow", "Phil Trow (born 9 September 1966 in Manchester) is a broadcaster at BBC Radio Manchester and has worked in radio for over 30 years.\n\nLife\nTrow began broadcasting on a Hospital radio station at Park Hospital in Davyhulme, Manchester.\n\nHe started his professional career at Signal Radio in Stoke at the age of nineteen before joining the BBC Radio Manchester in 1990.\n\nWhilst at Signal Radio, had a Number One record (in Staffordshire) with the 'Telethon Rap' with Lee Finan. Robbie Williams worked for Phil and Trow was the first radio presenter to play a Take That record (Do what you like).\n\nHe worked for BBC GMR for 15 years before moving to BBC Radio Lancashire in 2003. Whilst with BBC GMR he was part of the team that won a Sony award for coverage of the Manchester bomb. In 2006, he began presenting the BBC Radio Lancashire Sunday morning programme with Sally Bankes.\n\nTrow became the BBC Radio Derby Breakfast Show presenter in April 2010, although he had worked as a freelance for the station for six months.\n\nIn March 2013 he left the Breakfast Show on BBC Radio Derby after 3 years and returned to present the Drive Time show on BBC Radio Manchester.\n\nTrow has been a 'warm up' man for CBBC working on programmes like Get Your Own Back. He is a regular presenter for the BBC Exhibitions working on Gardeners World Live and the Good Homes Show and is a voice over artist in the North West.\n\nOn television, he has worked on Men and Motors and presented Children in Need and is a presenter of Channel M Breakfast on Channel M.\n\nA Blackpool FC fan he is also the Matchday Compere at the club.\n\nReferences\n\nLiving people\nEnglish radio personalities\n1966 births" ]

[ "David Attenborough", "First years at the BBC", "What kind of work did he do before working at BBC?", "After leaving the Navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company.", "Did he like this type of work?", "He soon became disillusioned with the work and in 1950 applied for a job as a radio talk producer with the BBC.", "What did he do at the BBC?", "he accepted Adams' offer of a three-month training course, and in 1952 he joined the BBC full-time." ]

[ "Top Chef: Kentucky is the sixteenth season of the American reality television series Top Chef. Initial details about the season and its cast were revealed on October 18, 2018. The competition was filmed at various locations in Kentucky, including Louisville, Lexington, and Lake Cumberland. The season finale took place in Macau, China. Padma Lakshmi returned as host, with Tom Colicchio, Graham Elliot, and Nilou Motamed forming the judging panel. Due to being on maternity leave for the majority of filming, Top Chef regular Gail Simmons did not appear as one of the main judges for the season. Top Chef: Kentucky premiered on December 6, 2018, and concluded on March 14, 2019. In the season finale, Kelsey Barnard Clark was declared the winner over runner-up Sara Bradley. Barnard Clark was also voted Fan Favorite.\n\nContestants\nTop Chef: Kentucky features a cast of 15 new contestants. In addition, like the previous season, three returning competitors competed in the Last Chance Kitchen to earn the chance to join the competition: Top Chef: Colorado contestants Carrie Baird and Brother Luck, and Top Chef: Charleston contestant Jim Smith. Following the sixth episode of Last Chance Kitchen, Luck was selected to join the main cast.\n\nNew contestants\n\nEric Adjepong and Nini Nguyen returned to compete in Top Chef: All-Stars L.A.\n\nReturning contestants\n\nContestant progress\n\n: The chef(s) did not receive immunity for winning the Quickfire Challenge.\n: Following Episode 6 of Last Chance Kitchen, Brother was introduced as a regular competitor.\n: Despite Justin making one of the judge's favourite dishes, he did not plate a sufficient number of dishes and was thus ineligible to win.\n: As a reward for winning the Quickfire Challenge, Eddie did not have to compete in the Elimination Challenge.\n: Michelle won Last Chance Kitchen and returned to the competition.\n (WINNER) The chef won the season and was crowned \"Top Chef\".\n (RUNNER-UP) The chef was the runner-up for the season.\n (WIN) The chef won the Elimination Challenge.\n (HIGH) The chef was selected as one of the top entries in the Elimination Challenge, but did not win.\n (IN) The chef was not selected as one of the top or bottom entries in the Elimination Challenge and was safe.\n (LOW) The chef was selected as one of the bottom entries in the Elimination Challenge, but was not eliminated.\n (OUT) The chef lost the Elimination Challenge.\n\nEpisodes\n\nLast Chance Kitchen\n\nEpisodes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n\nTop Chef\n2018 American television seasons\n2019 American television seasons\nTelevision shows set in Kentucky\nTelevision shows filmed in Kentucky\nTelevision shows filmed in Tennessee\nTelevision shows filmed in Macau", "There has been a wide range of films and TV series that have been shot in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.\n\nTelevision series\n\nChildren's series\n2030 CE – Canadian TV series (2002)\nThe Adventures of Shirley Holmes (1996) – Canadian TV series\nFred Penner's Place (1985-1997) – Canadian TV series\nLet's Go (1976-1987) – Canadian TV series\nMy Life as a Dog (1996) – Canadian TV series\nTipi Tales (2002) – Canadian TV series\nWawatay Kids TV (2002) – Canadian TV series\n 400 Langside 2005-2006 – Canadian TV series\n\nComedy series\nCashing In (2008, 2009)\nFoodland (2010) – filmed on location\nFor Angela (1993) – dramatization of Rhonda Gordon's response to racism on a Winnipeg city bus\nHeater (1999) – filmed on location\nKeyhole (2011)\nLeaving Metropolis (2002)\nLess Than Kind (2008, 2009) – filmed on location\nMob Story (1990) – filmed on location\nNiagara Motel (2006)\nNight Mayor (2009) – filmed and set in Winnipeg\nThe Outside Chance of Maximilian Glick (1988)\nTaken in Broad Daylight (2009) – filmed on location\nTed Baryluk's Grocery (1982) – National Film Board of Canada documentary\nTwilight of the Ice Nymphs (1997) – filmed on location\nThe Saddest Music in the World (2003) – filmed on location\nThe Stone Angel (2007) – filmed on location\nStryker (2004) – filmed on location\nSunnyside (2014) – filmed on location\nWe Were Children (2012) – partially shot in Winnipeg\nZeyda and the Hitman (2004) – filmed on location\n\nDocumentary series\nCountry Canada (1955)\nMagnificent Obsessions (2002-2003)\nMy Winnipeg – Guy Maddin documentary\nThe Sharing Circle (1991-2006)\n\nDramatic series\n33 Brompton Place – TV miniseries\nFalcon Beach (2006) – Canadian TV series\nThe Pinkertons (2014) – syndicated (Canada/USA) TV series\nSiberia – filmed just outside Winnipeg in Birds Hill Provincial Park\nThrowing Stones (2009) – Canadian TV series pilot\n\nNews and variety shows \n24Hours (1970-2000)\nAPTN National News (1999)\nThe Big Breakfast (1997-2005)\nBreakfast Television (2005-2009)\nCanadian Idol (2002-2007) – segments filmed in Winnipeg\nHymn Sing (1965-1995)\nReach for the Top (1966-1984) – location edition filmed in Winnipeg\n\nReality series\nIt's a Living (1999)\nKinK (2002-2006)\nRoad Hockey Rumble (2007)\n\nFilms\n\nMajor studio films\n49th Parallel (1941)\nThe Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2006)\nBeethoven's Christmas Adventure (2011) – segments filmed in Transcona\nThe Big White \nBlack Ice (1992)\nBlue State (2007)\nCapote (2005)\nChristmas Rush (2002; also known as Breakaway) – TV movie; some scenes filmed in Winnipeg at Portage Place mall\nThe Clown at Midnight (1998)\nThe Constant Gardener (2005) – segments filmed in Winnipeg\nCult of Chucky (2017)\nFor Keeps? (1988) – segments filmed in Winnipeg\n Faces in the Crowd (2010)\nFractured (2019)\nFull of It (2007)\nThe Good Life (2007)\nGoon (2011)\nThe Haunting in Connecticut (2009)\nHeaven is for Real (2014)\nHorsemen (2009)\nHow It Ends (2018)\nK-19: The Widowmaker (2002) – segments filmed in Winnipeg\nLook Away (2018) \nThe Lookout (2007)\nNew in Town (2009)\nNobody (2021)\nOne Last Dance (2003)\nRadius (2017)\nShall We Dance (2004)\nSiberia (2018) – segments filmed in Winnipeg.\nSilence of the North (1981) – segments filmed in Winnipeg\nTamara (2005)\nViolent Night (2022)\nWhiteout (2009)\nWild Cherry (2009) – filmed in Winnipeg at Tec Voc High School\nWishmaster 3: Beyond the Gates of Hell (2001) – filmed in Winnipeg at University of Manitoba\nWishmaster: The Prophecy Fulfilled (2002)\nWoman Wanted (2000)\n\nIndependent films\n88:88 (2015) – made by Isiah Medina\nAegri Somnia (2008) – written and directed by James Rewucki\nBorealis (2015) – written and produced by Jonas Chernick, directed by Sean Garrity film\nClown at Midnight (1998) – writer Kenneth J. Hall; director Jean Pellerin\nCord (alternate title: Hide and Seek) (2000) – directed by Sidney J. Furie\nCowards Bend the Knee (2003) – Guy Maddin film\nCrime Wave (1985) – written and directed by John Paizs\nHey, Happy! (2001) – Noam Gonick film\nHyena Road (2014) – Paul Gross film; partly filmed in Winnipeg\nPerfect Sisters (2014) – directed by Stanley M. Brooks\nWait Till Helen Comes (2014) – Valérie d'Auteuil and André Rouleau film\nYou Kill Me (2007) – John Dahl film\n\nTV movies of the week \nThe Arrow (1997)\nBehind the Camera: The Unauthorized Story of Three's Company (2003)\nCategory 6: Day of Destruction (2004)\nCategory 7: The End of the World (2005)\nThe Crooked E: The Unshredded Truth About Enron (2003)\nEscape from Mars (1999)\nHell on Heels: The Battle of Mary Kay (2002)\nHome Alone: The Holiday Heist (2012)\nInside the Osmonds (2001)\nKeep Your Head Up, Kid: The Don Cherry Story (2010)\nA Marriage of Convenience (1998)\nRoswell: The Aliens Attack (1999)\nA Season on the Brink (2002)\nSecret Cutting (2000)\nWe Were the Mulvaneys (2002)\n\nSpecial effects\nAcross the Universe (2007) – special effects\nAlien Resurrection (1997) – special effects contributed to DVD release\nAvatar (2009) – special effects\nThe Big Empty (2005) – special effects\nCatwoman (2004) – special effects\nThe Chumscrubber (2005) – special effects\nThe Core (2003) – special effects\nCursed (2005) – special effects\nDragonball: Evolution (2009) – special effects\nDuplicity (2009) – special effects \nFantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007) – special effects\nFirewall (2006) – special effects\nG.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009) – special effects\nGreatest Tank Battles (2011) – special effects & animation (S2 ep3, 7 & 8)\nGrindhouse (2007) – special effects\nHangman's Curse (2003) – special effects\nThe Italian Job (2003) – special effects\nJourney to the Center of the Earth (2008) – special effects\nThe Last Stand (2013) – special effects\nLittle Boy (2015) – special effects\nMr. Magorium’s Wonder Emporium (2007) – special effects\nPaycheck (2003) – special effects\nPoseidon (2006) – special effects\nResident Evil: Apocalypse (2004) – special effects\nScooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004) – special effects\nSilent Hill (2006) – special effects\nSilent Night (2012) – special effects\nSky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004) – special effects\nStay (2005) – special effects\nSuperman Returns (2006) – special effects\nSwordfish (2001) – special effects\nTooth Fairy (2010) – special effects\nThe X-Files: I Want to Believe (2008) – special effects\n\nWorks famously not filmed in Winnipeg\nThe Office (US)\nParts of the eighth episode \"Business Trip\" from the fifth season were set in Winnipeg.\nThe NBC comedy is filmed in Los Angeles and due to their schedule/budget did not film scenes in Winnipeg. Though the series had shot scenes in New York City, they never left California for this episode. The episode did not call for any Winnipeg-specific locales. Los Angeles International Airport filled in for Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport. A downtown hotel and bar in the Financial District were the other two settings. Characters Michael Scott, Oscar Martinez, and Andy Bernard visited Winnipeg in November. Michael was the only Dunder-Mifflin Regional Manager willing to visit Winnipeg in November. Andy was brought along mainly for being able to speak French, while Oscar is an accountant. They were there on a sales call to sell paper. While in Winnipeg, Oscar and Andy get drunk at a bar and become friends after limited interactions back at the office. Michael, with some help from Andy, hooks up with the hotel concierge at a bar. They go back to her room at the hotel. After having sex, Michael is kicked out of the room. The next day the three go to the sales meeting and secure the client for two years. However, Michael did not enjoy this stay in Winnipeg as it was not the \"international\" location he envisioned it to be and was still upset about his girlfriend being transferred in an earlier episode.\n\nDestination Winnipeg sent the show Winnipeg items such as Old Dutch chips and Fort Garry Brewing Company beer bottles. The budget also limited the amount of fake snow used in the episode. Writer Brent Forrester explained in a CBC News interview that, \"It seemed like Montreal was maybe too exotic and Vancouver also a little maybe too conventionally sexy, and Winnipeg seemed to strike the right balance between exotic and obscure.\" Surprisingly, there was only one brief joke at the expense of Winnipeg, about traveling there in November. Canadian writer Anthony Farrell ensured the script was not filled with Canadian stereotypes.\n\nThe Simpsons\nFor the show’s 16th season, parts of the sixth episode, \"Midnight Rx,\" took place in Winnipeg. The episode dealt with Homer Simpson and his dad traveling to Winnipeg to obtain cheap prescription drugs and smuggle them into the States. They become heroes back in Springfield, USA when they brought the cheap prescription drugs. Ned Flanders and Apu Nahasapeemapetilon later join the Simpson men on another trip to Winnipeg. Ned encounters a Winnipegger who talks and looks just like he does. Ned was upset to find out his Canadian counterpart was smoking medical marijuana, called a \"reeferino.\" The four then drive to the Manitoba/North Dakota border crossing where their drug smuggling is discovered.\n\nInstead of \"Welcome to Winnipeg: One Great City!\" the Simpsons drove by \"We Were Born Here, What's Your Excuse\" on the welcome sign.\nLegends of the Fall (1994)\nThe film's producers wanted to use Winnipeg's Exchange District, renowned for its wealth of turn of the century-era warehouses and office buildings, for scenes taking place in Helena, Montana. This plan was scuttled when several residents, and later city government, objected to the film crew's desire to remove several dozen trees growing along the sidewalks. Although TriStar offered to replant and/or replace the trees after wrapping, they were rebuffed.\n\nNotes\n\n \n \nTV and films\nWinnipeg" ]

[ "David Attenborough", "First years at the BBC", "What kind of work did he do before working at BBC?", "After leaving the Navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company.", "Did he like this type of work?", "He soon became disillusioned with the work and in 1950 applied for a job as a radio talk producer with the BBC.", "What did he do at the BBC?", "he accepted Adams' offer of a three-month training course, and in 1952 he joined the BBC full-time.", "Did he like being filmed?", "discouraged from appearing on camera because Adams thought his teeth were too big," ]

[ "What Do Artists Do All Day? is a documentary series, airing on BBC Four. Film crews accompany various prominent artists as they go about their daily schedules and share insights into their working lives and creative processes.\n\nEpisodes\nSeries 1\n2013-03-19 – Series 1 – 1. Norman Ackroyd, the working life of Britain's celebrated landscape artist.\n2013-03-25 – Series 1 – 2. Polly Morgan, the taxidermist's strange and wonderful art\n2013-04-08 – Series 1 – 3. Jack Vettriano, the popular artist at work in his studio.\n2013-06-04 – Series 1 – 4. Cornelia Parker, prepares for a new exhibition of her work in London.\n2013-08-22 – Series 1 – 5. John Byrne, artist and writer, completes a mural for King's Theatre in Edinburgh.\n2013-11-06 – Series 1 – 6. Edmund de Waal, ceramic artist, author of the memoir The Hare with Amber Eyes\n2013-11-13 – Series 1 – 7. Shani Rhys James, Welsh painter as she prepares for a new exhibition.\n2014-02-25 – Series 1 – 8. Tom Wood, photographer at work in Mayo in the west of Ireland.\n2014-03-04 – Series 1 – 9. Frank Quitely, alter ego of Glaswegian comic-book artist, Vince Deighan.\n2014-03-13 – Series 1 – 10. Marvin Gaye Chetwynd, the performance artist's first solo UK show in Nottingham.\n2014-03-11 – Series 1 – 11. Albert Watson photographs the landscape of the Isle of Skye.\n2014-03-26 – Series 1 – 12. Antony Gormley and his team as they prepare a new work.\n2014-05-19 – Series 1 – 13. Michael Craig-Martin at work in his London studio.\nSeries 2\n2014-10-12 – Series 2 – 1. Evelyn Glennie, how the Dame became a global percussion superstar.\n2014-10-15 – Series 2 – 2. Akram Khan, the creation of TOROBAKA, the dance collaboration with Israel Galvan.\n2014-10-22 – Series 2 – 4. Michael Landy as he takes his Art Bin project to Yokohama.\n2014-11-05 – Series 2 – 5. Jake and Dinos Chapman as they prepare for a new show in Hastings.\nSeries 3\n2015-06-08 – Series 3 – 1. Tracey Emin, in her studio, preparing for an exhibition in Vienna.\n2015-06-15 – Series 3 – 2. Sue Webster, at work on new projects, including a cook book.\n2015-08-24 – Series 3 – 3. Derek Boshier works on a new painting and reflects on his life.\n2015-08-26 – Series 3 – 4. Peter Blake, following the process of his latest work.\nSeries 4\nDennis Morris\nKatie Paterson\nShirley Hughes\nSeries 5\nAnoushka Shankar\nRaqib Shaw\nMahtab Hussain\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n BBC Four – What Do Artists Do All Day?\n What Do Artists Do All Day? – Radio Times\n\n2010s British documentary television series\nDocumentary television series about art\n2013 British television series debuts\n2015 British television series endings\nBBC television documentaries\nBritish art", "Bridge to Silence is a 1989 American TV movie starring Lee Remick and Marlee Matlin. It was one of Remick's last performance.\n\nRemick called Matlin \" a wonderful actress. She's so open and kind of instinctive and free . . . curious. It was an interesting experience, which I had some concern about. When I started I thought, you know, what's it going to be like for the two of us to communicate? I do not have sign language at my beck and call. But we did. It was terrific.\"\n\nThe movie was filmed in Toronto and directed by Karen Arthur. It was the first time Remick had worked with a female director. \"Interesting working with a woman,\" she said. \"Not that it's different in terms of her work, she's doing the same thing as men do, but I've just never been in that position. Directors have always been kind of father figures. It's interesting. It's wonderful. She's terrific.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nReview at Los Angeles Times\n\n1989 television films\n1989 films\nAmerican films\nAmerican television films\nAmerican drama films\n1980s English-language films\nAmerican Sign Language films" ]

[ "David Attenborough", "First years at the BBC", "What kind of work did he do before working at BBC?", "After leaving the Navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company.", "Did he like this type of work?", "He soon became disillusioned with the work and in 1950 applied for a job as a radio talk producer with the BBC.", "What did he do at the BBC?", "he accepted Adams' offer of a three-month training course, and in 1952 he joined the BBC full-time.", "Did he like being filmed?", "discouraged from appearing on camera because Adams thought his teeth were too big,", "What kind of work did he first do at BBC?", "he became a producer for the Talks department," ]

[ "Sortal is a concept that has been used by some philosophers in discussing issues of identity, persistence, and change. Sortal terms are considered a species of general term that are classified within the grammatical category of common or count nouns or count noun phrases. This is based on the claim that a perceptual link allows perceptual demonstrative thought if it enables sortal classification.\n\nOverview \nThe simplest property of a sortal is that it can be counted, i.e., can take numbers as modifiers. It can also be used with a definite or indefinite article. For example, \"pea\" is a sortal in the sentence \"I want two peas\", whereas \"water\" is not a sortal in the sentence \"I want water\". It cannot be applied to an object that does not permit arbitrary division. Countability is not the only criterion. Thus \"red thing\" in the sentence \"There are two red things on the shelf\" is not treated as a sortal by some philosophers who use the term. There is disagreement about the exact definition of the term as well as whether it is applied to linguistic things (such as predicates or words), abstract entities (such as properties or concepts), or psychological entities (such as states of mind).\n\nDiffering perspectives\nAccording to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the sortal/nonsortal distinction can be characterized in at least six different ways. It is said that a sortal:\n\ngives a criterion for counting the items of that kind\ngives a criterion of identity and non-identity among items of that kind\ngives a criterion for the continued existence of an item of that kind\nanswers the question \"what is it?\" for things of that kind\nspecifies the essence of things of that kind\ndoes not apply to parts of things of that kind\n\nHistory\nWhile some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sortal is similar to that of the idea of a \"secondary substance\" in Aristotle, the first actual use of the term 'sortal' did not appear until John Locke in his 1690 Essay Concerning Human Understanding:\n\nGottlob Frege is also named as an antecedent to the present debate over sortals. Frege pointed out that in counting things, we need to know what kind of thing it is that we are counting; that is, there needs to be a \"criterion of identity\".\n\nIn contemporary philosophy, sortals make a return with the work of P. F. Strawson, W. V. O. Quine, Peter Geach, and David Wiggins. Strawson holds that sortals are universals, Quine thinks they are predicates, and Wiggins sees them as concepts. Geach did not use the exact term \"sortal\"; however, his idea of the \"substantival expression\" is identical or nearly so to that of \"sortal\". According to him, identity is relative in a sortal concept, which he described as one that answers the question \"Same what?\".\n\nSee also\n Taxonomy (general)\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n E. J. Lowe. More Kinds of Being: A Further Study of Individuation, Identity, and the Logic of Sortal Terms (Wiley-Blackwell, 2009)\n\nJohn Locke", "Villiers-Saint-Frédéric is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France.\n\nIt is known for having one of the largest Renault factories in France, where they produce tools and design new fittings for the vehicles.\n\nThe commune residents also store many films, warehoused at Rambouillet. In 1990, a fire broke out in the warehouse and many one-of-a-kind reels of film were destroyed.\n\nReferences\n\nSee also\nCommunes of the Yvelines department\n\nCommunes of Yvelines" ]

[ "David Attenborough", "First years at the BBC", "What kind of work did he do before working at BBC?", "After leaving the Navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company.", "Did he like this type of work?", "He soon became disillusioned with the work and in 1950 applied for a job as a radio talk producer with the BBC.", "What did he do at the BBC?", "he accepted Adams' offer of a three-month training course, and in 1952 he joined the BBC full-time.", "Did he like being filmed?", "discouraged from appearing on camera because Adams thought his teeth were too big,", "What kind of work did he first do at BBC?", "he became a producer for the Talks department,", "What kind of things did he produce for the department?", "His early projects included the quiz show Animal, Vegetable, Mineral? and Song Hunter," ]

[ "Polly Morgan (born 1980) is a London-based British artist who uses taxidermy to create works of art.\n\nBiography\nPolly Morgan was born in Banbury, Oxfordshire, England in 1980, and grew up in the Cotswolds on her family farm, and mentions a lack of squeamishness about death as well as being comfortable with the practice of dealing with the corpses of animals. She moved to East London in 1998 and continues to live there today. Morgan graduated from Queen Mary, University of London, in English Literature in 2002.\n\nDuring her studies, Morgan worked at Shoreditch Electricity Show Rooms, a bar popular with artists; after graduation, she continued to work there as manager. At 23 Morgan was living above the bar and working out of her apartment, \"tinkering with taxidermy.\" Inspired to create work of her own she took a course with the professional taxidermist George Jamieson, of Cramond, in Edinburgh, during which her intuitive and personal response to the medium were obvious. Morgan's first pieces were commissioned by Bistrotheque, after which she was spotted by Banksy: A lovebird looking in a mirror; a squirrel holding a belljar with a little fly perched inside on top of a sugar cube; a magpie with a jewel in its beak; and a couple of chicks standing on a miniature coffin'. In 2005, he invited her to show her work for Santa's Ghetto, an annual exhibition he organized near London's Oxford Street. Her next piece, a white rat in a champagne glass, was exhibited at Wolfe Lenkiewicz's Zoo Art Fair in 2006 and was purchased by Vanessa Branson. Morgan works from a Bethnal Green studio.\n\nMorgan is a member of the UK Guild of Taxidermists. The animals used in her taxidermy are contributed by a network of clients; the animals Morgan uses have died naturally or had unpreventable deaths. She maintains a detailed log of all dead animals in stock.\n\nMorgan believes that those who consider her work disrespectful or cruel to animals are \"childish,\" and that anthropomorphizing the animals she uses is meaningless. Her work emphasizes and displays animals in a way nontraditional to taxidermy, putting the animals in positions which do not generally imply that they are still alive, rather emphasizing the dying fall of the animal.\n\nExhibitions\nNotable exhibitions include:\n Still Life After Death, 2006 at Kristy Stubbs Gallery\n The Exquisite Corpse, 2007 at Trinity Church, 1 Marylebone Road\n You Dig the Tunnel, I'll Hide the Soil, 2008 at White Cube\n Mythologies, 2009 at Haunch of Venison\n The Age of the Marvellous, 2009 at All Visual Arts\n Psychopomps, 2010 at Haunch of Venison\n Contemporary Eye: Crossovers, 2010 at Pallant House Gallery\n Passion Fruits, 2011 at ME Collectors Room\n Burials, 2011 at Workshop Venice\n Dead Time, 2011 at Voide, Derry\n Endless Plains, 2012 at All Visual Arts\n 10,000 Hours, 2012 at Kunstmuseum Thurgau\n Foundation/Remains, 2013 at The Office Gallery, Nicosia, Cyprus\n The Nature of the Beast, 2013 at The New Art Gallery, Walsall\n Beasts of England, Beasts of Ireland, 2013 at VISUAL Centre for Contemporary Art\n Curiouser and Curiouser, 2014 at Warrington Museum and Art Gallery\n Fates Refrain, 2014 at Robilant + Voena Gallery\n Organic Matters, 2015 at The National Museum of Women in Art\n Dead Animals and the Curious Occurrence of Taxidermy in Contemporary Art, 2016 at David Winton Bell Gallery - Brown University\n Animal Farm, Beastly Muses and Metaphors, 2016 at S|2 GALLERY\n Daydreaming With Stanley Kubrick, 2016 at Somerset House\n 5 Years at Heddon Street, 2016 at Pippy Houldsworth Gallery\n Faith and Fathom, 2016 at Galleria Poggiali\n Naturalia, 2017 at Paul Kasmin Gallery\n\nSee also\nWhat Do Artists Do All Day?\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Polly Morgan homepage\n Artnet\nBBC Radio Four interview\n\n1980 births\nLiving people\nTaxidermists\n21st-century British artists\nEnglish women artists\nWomen in craft\n21st-century British women artists\nPeople from Oxfordshire\n21st-century English women\n21st-century English people", "Robert Bonnet (February 17, 1851 – October 13, 1921) was a German anatomist born in Augsburg.\n\nIn 1876 he received his doctorate at Munich, where in 1880 he began work as an assistant at the anatomical institute. The following year, he was appointed professor at the Königliche Centraltierarzneischule in Munich. In 1889 he became an associate professor at the University of Würzburg, and two years later was appointed full professor of anatomy and director of the anatomical institute at Giessen. Later in his career, he served as a professor at the Universities of Greifswald (from 1895) and Bonn (from 1907).\n\nBonnet was the author of many scientific works, including numerous studies dealing with the anatomy and embryology of domesticated animals. He was co-editor of Ergebnisse der Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte (\"Results on anatomy and historical development\"), and collaborated with Friedrich Sigmund Merkel (1845-1919) on Anatomische Hefte (\"Anatomical books\").\n\nReferences \n Robert Bonnet @ Who Named It\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1851 births\n1921 deaths\nUniversity of Greifswald faculty\nUniversity of Giessen faculty\nUniversity of Bonn faculty\nUniversity of Würzburg faculty\nGerman anatomists\nPhysicians from Augsburg" ]

[ "David Attenborough", "First years at the BBC", "What kind of work did he do before working at BBC?", "After leaving the Navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company.", "Did he like this type of work?", "He soon became disillusioned with the work and in 1950 applied for a job as a radio talk producer with the BBC.", "What did he do at the BBC?", "he accepted Adams' offer of a three-month training course, and in 1952 he joined the BBC full-time.", "Did he like being filmed?", "discouraged from appearing on camera because Adams thought his teeth were too big,", "What kind of work did he first do at BBC?", "he became a producer for the Talks department,", "What kind of things did he produce for the department?", "His early projects included the quiz show Animal, Vegetable, Mineral? and Song Hunter,", "Did he like dealing with animals at work?", "The studio-bound programme featured animals from London Zoo," ]

[ "Thomas Haining Gillespie FRSE FSZS (3 October 1876 – 3 August 1967) was a Scottish solicitor, zoological administrator, and broadcaster. He was the founder of Edinburgh Zoo and of its parent organisation the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland. As a broadcaster on the children's radio programme Children's Hour he was known as \"the zoo man\", giving talks and answering questions on zoological matters.\n\nLife \n\nTom Gillespie was born in Dumfries on 3 October 1876. His father was Thomas Haining Gillespie and his mother Julia Ann Satchell. He was educated in private schools and at Edinburgh University. He married Mary Elizabeth Gamble in 1920. They had no children and he died on 3 August 1967. At his own request, his body was bequeathed to medical research. His recreations were listed as 'reading, writing, music and photography'.\n\nCareer\n\nZoologist \n\nGillespie qualified as a solicitor in 1899, but he had a strong interest in zoology and devoted his spare time to his dream of establishing a zoological park in Scotland. The cold climate presented an obstacle, but Gillespie was encouraged by the work of pioneering zoologists like Carl Hagenbeck and in 1909 he founded what was to become the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland. He carefully selected a site in central Edinburgh which would provide both favourable conditions for the animals and easy access for visitors, and with the help of Edinburgh City Council the site was purchased in 1913. Gillespie's efforts came to fruition with the opening on 22 July 1913 of the Scottish National Zoological Park—now known simply as Edinburgh Zoo. He served as director of the zoo from 1913 to 1950 and as secretary to the zoological society.\n\nIn 1933 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were James Hartley Ashworth, Sir Thomas Barnby Whitson, Orlando Charnock Bradley and Sir Thomas Hudson Beare.\n\nBroadcaster \nGillespie was well known on the Scottish Children's Hour radio programme as 'the Zoo Man' who gave talks about the animals in Edinburgh Zoo and who answered nature questions in a panel programme produced by Kathleen Garscadden. His contributions to these Children's Hour programmes began in 1926 when they were broadcast by the Edinburgh and Glasgow stations of the BBC. He was, in those early years, probably not billed as 'the Zoo Man' of the BBC - that title, for English stations at least, was given to David Seth-Smith who broadcast on Children's Hour and published books as 'Zoo Man of the BBC' in the 1930s. Gillespie's early books did not include the Zoo man nickname. However Gillespie was, by the late 1950s, being described as the 'Zoo man of the Scottish BBC' and he published books under that name from 1960 onwards. His early radio talks were published in a series of 'Zoo Tales' books which are listed below. He appears in a group photograph with Garscadden, the 'Bird Man of the BBC' (James Douglas-Home), and the 'Hut Man of the BBC' (Gilbert D. Fisher).\n\nProfessional Appointments \n Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.\n Fellow of the Zoological Society of London.\n Member of the British Ornithologists' Union.\n Hon. Member of Zoological Society of Ireland.\n Corr. Member of the New York Zoological Society.\n Hon. Vice President of Edinburgh Scientific Film Society.\n\nPublications\n\nBooks \n Zoo Ways and Whys. With a foreword by Professor Sir J. Arthur Thomson. Illustrated with photographs by M.E. Gillespie. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1930.\n More Zoo Ways. With photographs by M.E. Gillespie. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1931.\n A Book of King Penguins. With 60 illustrations from photographs by M. E. Gillespie. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1932.\n Is It Cruel? A Study of the Condition of Captive and Performing Animals. With illustrations. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1934.\n Popular Official Guide to the Scottish Zoological Park. With plan of the Park and illustrations, etc. Edinburgh: Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, 1934.\n Zoo Tales. Illustrated by William Walls. Edinburgh & London: Oliver & Boyd, 1936\n The Way of a Serpent. A popular account of the habits of snakes. With illustrations. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1937.\n Animal Stories. Illustrated by Joan Sharp. Glasgow: Collins, 1938.\n The Scottish National Zoological Park. Cheltenham: J. Burrow & Co. [1938].\n Zoo-Man Tales. Illustrated by Len Fullerton. New York: Taplinger Pub. Co., 1960.\n Zoo-Man Again. Illustrated by Len Fullerton. New York: Taplinger Pub. Co., 1961.\n More Zoo Tales. Illustrated by Ralph Thompson. Edinburgh & London: Oliver & Boyd, 1962\n The Story of the Edinburgh Zoo. The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland and the Scottish National Zoological Park. An account of their origin and progress. [With plates.] Slains, Aberdeenshire: Michael Slains Publishers, 1964.\n Our Friends the Spiders. Illustrated by David Pratt. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd: Edinburgh, 1965.\n\nScots Magazine Articles \n \"A Wolf Colony in Edinburgh\", Vol. XIX, no. 3, June 1933, pp. 212–215.\n \"Springtime at the Zoo\", Vol. XXIII, no. 3, June 1935, pp. 176–180.\n \"The Zoo in War-Time\", Vol. XXXIV, no. 3, Dec. 1940, pp. 197–202.\n \"Do You Know? A Nature Quiz\", Vol. LVII, No. 1, April 1952, p. 1, (Answers on p. 71).\n\nReferences \n\n1876 births\n1967 deaths\nScottish zoologists\nPeople from Dumfries\nFounders of learned societies\nScottish non-fiction writers\nScottish broadcasters\nFellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh\nFellows of the Zoological Society of London\nScottish solicitors\nAlumni of the University of Edinburgh\nScottish radio personalities", "Zoo is a book by Louis MacNeice. It was published by Michael Joseph in November 1938, and according to the publisher's list belongs in the category of belles lettres. It was one of four books by Louis MacNeice to appear in 1938, along with The Earth Compels, I Crossed the Minch and Modern Poetry: A Personal Essay.\n\nZoo is primarily a book about London Zoo. During the writing of the book, from May to August 1938, Louis MacNeice was living in Primrose Hill Road, London, in a maisonette overlooking Primrose Hill and a short distance from London Zoo. (In the last chapter of the book, MacNeice notes that: \"As I write this on Primrose Hill I can hear the lions roaring in the Zoo.\") According to the blurb on the flap of the dust jacket, Zoo \"contains impressions of the Zoo from a layman's point of view, and impressions of the visitors; information about the keepers and feeding of the animals (and visitors); discussion of the Zoo's architecture and general organisation; and special studies of animals.\"\n\nThe book also contains descriptions of Whipsnade Zoo, Bristol Zoo and the new Paris Zoo in the Bois de Vincennes, together with a number of \"digressions\" - short descriptions of the lawn tennis championships at Wimbledon, cricket matches at Lord's, and a week-end visit to Northern Ireland.\n\nZoo is illustrated with drawings, mainly in carbon pencil, by the English artist Nancy Coldstream (later Nancy Spender), under her maiden name of Nancy Sharp. Nancy Coldstream had earlier provided illustrations for I Crossed the Minch, a book on the Hebrides by Louis MacNeice.\n\nZoo was a Book Society Recommendation and, as Jon Stallworthy notes in his biography of Louis MacNeice, it \"sold well enough, though much less well than Modern Poetry.\"\n\nBackground\nZoo began as a commission from the publisher Michael Joseph for a book on the subject of London Zoo. \"Designed for the armchair reader, this was to be more impressionistic than Julian Huxley's Official Guide to the Zoo.\" In May 1938 MacNeice moved into 16a Primrose Hill Road, London, a short distance from London Zoo, and in the course of the next three months he made many visits to the Zoo. These visits are often recorded in the book in diary-style entries:\n\n\"On June 1st I visited Regent's Park, a cold morning, June avenging the inopportune warmth of March. But the silver foxes were boxing and the mongooses making love in their straw.\"\n\n\"June 7th, Whit Tuesday, was fine and sunny. The Daily Sketch had out a poster - \"R.A.F. Boxers Missing in Country of Savage Apes\" - and the Zoo in the morning was full of people on holiday... The animals were far outnumbered and their occasional croaks and whimperings drowned in a torrent of words.\"\n\n\"June 9th was a fresh morning, gay with farmyard cluckings and the crisp yelps of sea-lions. On the Mappin Terraces the bears were lively, stalking on their hind legs and looking for buns which were not, for people had gone back to work. On one of the top crags a goat sat motionless in profile like an acroterion on the ruin of a Greek temple.\"\n\nMacNeice worked on Zoo, writing little else, through June, July and the first half of August 1938, taking the occasional break to watch tennis at Wimbledon or cricket at Lord's. These breaks are also described in the book. On June 22 MacNeice went to the lawn tennis championships at Wimbledon, where he watched the American tennis player Helen Wills Moody in a second-round game against Nell Hall Hopman. Helen Wills Moody went on to win the Women's Singles at the 1938 Wimbledon Championships, but MacNeice was \"very disappointed\" with her playing style: \"She plays like any other woman in a tournament, cautiously retrieving and retrieving, never going up to the net.\" On July 27 \"I did not go to the Zoo, but, as I was about to enter my house, I saw someone watching the door whom I did not want to meet, so I changed my course and went to Lord's. There my old school, Marlborough, were playing their annual match with Rugby, a match which I had never yet watched. The game was a dull game, but I met a number of old boys and we stood each other beer in glaring sun.\"\n\nThe final chapter of the book, 'Whipsnade and Last Words', describes a visit to Whipsnade Zoo on August 18, 1938, and a last visit to London Zoo on a wet Wednesday evening a few days before. After the manuscript was delivered to its publisher, MacNeice went on holiday to Hampshire, where he began his long poem Autumn Journal. Some phrases and images from Zoo reappear in Autumn Journal: \"As I write this on Primrose Hill I can hear the lions roaring in the Zoo\" (Zoo) becomes \"When the lions roar beneath the hill\" (Autumn Journal, ii).\n\nThe literary critic Samuel Hynes, writing in the London Review of Books, quotes the following passage from Zoo to illustrate how MacNeice commonly presented himself as a lover of ordinary pleasures:\n\n\"The pleasure of dappled things, the beauty of adaptation to purpose, the glory of extravagance, classic elegance or romantic nonsense and grotesquerie – all these we get from the Zoo. We react to these with the same delight as to new potatoes in April speckled with chopped parsley or to the lights at night on the Thames of Battersea Power House, or to cars sweeping their shadows from lamp-post to lamp-post down Haverstock Hill or to brewer’s drays or to lighthouses and searchlights or to a newly cut lawn or to a hot towel or a friction at the barber’s or to Moran’s two classic tries at Twickenham in 1937 or to the smell of dusting-powder in a warm bathroom or to the fun of shelling peas into a china bowl or of shuffling one’s feet through dead leaves when they are crisp or to the noise of rain or the crackling of a newly lit fire or the jokes of a street-hawker or the silence of snow in moonlight or the purring of a powerful car.\"\n\nContents\nZoo contains the following chapters:\n\n In Self-Defence\n The Zoo and London\n Layout\n Wild and Domestic\n A Personal Digression\n Impressions: Early June\n The Annual Report\n Impressions: Middle June\n Question and Answer\n Impressions: Later June\n The Aquarium\n Impressions: July\n More Impressions: July\n Zoos in Paris\n Whipsnade and Last Words\n\nReception\n\nJon Stallworthy, in his biography of Louis MacNeice, comments on the book as follows: \"Written to much the same recipe as Letters from Iceland and I Crossed the Minch, Zoo is less successful than its predecessors. An early chapter, 'The Zoo and London', shows MacNeice the philosopher-poet at his zestful best, but much of what follows is undistinguished journalism, and there are no poems.\"\n\nNotes\n\n1938 non-fiction books\nBooks by Louis MacNeice\nLondon Zoo\nMichael Joseph books" ]

[ "David Attenborough", "First years at the BBC", "What kind of work did he do before working at BBC?", "After leaving the Navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company.", "Did he like this type of work?", "He soon became disillusioned with the work and in 1950 applied for a job as a radio talk producer with the BBC.", "What did he do at the BBC?", "he accepted Adams' offer of a three-month training course, and in 1952 he joined the BBC full-time.", "Did he like being filmed?", "discouraged from appearing on camera because Adams thought his teeth were too big,", "What kind of work did he first do at BBC?", "he became a producer for the Talks department,", "What kind of things did he produce for the department?", "His early projects included the quiz show Animal, Vegetable, Mineral? and Song Hunter,", "Did he like dealing with animals at work?", "The studio-bound programme featured animals from London Zoo,", "What type of work did they do with London Zoo?", "Attenborough met Jack Lester, the curator of the zoo's reptile house, and they decided to make a series about an animal-collecting expedition." ]

[ "A guest host (or guest presenter in the United Kingdom) is a host, usually of a talk show, that hosts the program in lieu of the regular host if they fall ill, have another project or commitment, or are unable to host for some other reason.\n\nGuest hosts may be seen as undesirable for a show's producer if they have to be used for an extended period of time, but if they do a well enough job, the guest host may often be able to parlay their run into their own talk show or other project.\n\nHistory\n\nThe Tonight Show\nThis phrase was popularized on The Tonight Show during Johnny Carson's 30-year reign as host from 1962 to 1992. Toward the end of his tenure, Carson was granted more personal time off, and substitute hosts would be seen on the air more often.\n\nSome guest hosts of The Tonight Show have gone on to host talk shows of their own. Jay Leno would eventually succeed Johnny Carson as Tonight Show host; David Letterman went on to host Late Night with David Letterman in the time slot following Carson; Joan Rivers went on to host The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers on Fox; early Carson guest host Joey Bishop went on to host The Joey Bishop Show on rival ABC, and David Brenner hosted the short-lived Nightlife in the late-1980s. Richard Belzer hosted Hot Properties on the Lifetime network in the mid-1980s. Carson himself had earlier been a guest host on Tonight Starring Jack Paar.\n\nWhen Rivers was fired by Fox in 1988, The Late Show adopted a format consisting only of guest hosts. One of them, Arsenio Hall, went on to host The Arsenio Hall Show, which lasted 1989 to 1994.\n\nThe Late Show with David Letterman\nThe Late Show with David Letterman featured several weeks of guest hosts substituting for David Letterman throughout the 2000s while Letterman recovered from a quintuple bypass surgery and shingles.\n\nThe View\nThe View first became popular with the guest host format in between the arrivals and departures of the program's youngest co-hosts, Debbie Matenopoulos, Lisa Ling, and Elisabeth Hasselbeck. Although a variety of celebrities took turns in the chair, only the younger co-hosts were eligible for the job. During its tenth season, The View began featuring a guest host each day; regular Barbara Walters did not appear with anybody yet was considered eligible to replace Star Jones, who left the previous year. Following the departure of Rosie O'Donnell in 2007 the program looked to return to a panel of five women. The moderator role was given to comedian Whoopi Goldberg in August and Jones' role was given to actress and comedian Sherri Shepherd the week following Goldberg's debut. The View used the guest host format in place of Elisabeth Hasselbeck in 2009 while she was on maternity leave.\n\nJeopardy!\nFollowing the death of longtime host, Alex Trebek, Jeopardy! had a guest host format until a permanent host could be found. Those included past Jeopardy! champions Ken Jennings and Buzzy Cohen, executive producer Mike Richards, television news personalities Katie Couric, Bill Whitaker, Savannah Guthrie, Sanjay Gupta, Anderson Cooper George Stephanopoulos and Robin Roberts, Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers, talk show host Mehmet Oz, actress and neuroscientist Mayim Bialik, Reading Rainbow host LeVar Burton, Squawk on the Street co-host David Faber and Fox Sports broadcaster Joe Buck. Richards would be announced as the permanent host at season's end, but was soon fired due to past personal conduct issues; the show is currently hosted on a rotation by Bialik and Jennings.\n\nOther guest host examples\nSaturday Night Live was intended originally to have a permanent host, but launched with a guest host format that continues to the present day.\nEllen: Ellen DeGeneres's show has increasingly had guest hosts in its last few seasons, and her show's musical director/DJ Stephen \"tWitch\" Boss regularly hosts each week's Friday show.\nLive with Kelly and Ryan: the show features guest hosts (usually television or Broadway theater actors) when either Ryan Seacrest or Kelly Ripa is away. Ripa's husband, Mark Consuelos, also co-hosts with his wife often.\nLater: After Greg Kinnear left the program in 1996 for a film career, NBC's late night talk show went to a \"guest host of the week\" format featuring mostly young comedians and actors for two years before settling on Cynthia Garrett in 1998.\nLate Late Show: In late 2004, between Craig Kilborn's departure and Craig Ferguson's hiring to CBS's Late Late Show, Late Late rotated through several guest hosts, including Jim Rome, Susan Sarandon and Tim Robbins, David Alan Grier, Ana Gasteyer, Drew Carey, Michael Ian Black, and Craig Ferguson. This format was used again during between the transition from Craig Ferguson to James Corden in the winter of 2015, and for a couple weeks in December 2019 while Corden was on a publicity tour for his appearance in the film adaptation of Cats.\nThe Rosie O'Donnell Show: Rosie O'Donnell also used the format during the final season of her own talk show. Comedian Caroline Rhea was given the role of permanent guest host when receiving growing popularity for hosting when O'Donnell was on sick leave the previous year. Following O'Donnell's return, Rhea hosted every Friday edition of the program until it went off the air. Like Joan Rivers with the Tonight Show, Rhea went on to host her own talk show the following year. It, too, was cancelled after only one season.\nThe Kelly Clarkson Show: Jay Leno has hosted several episodes of the talk show when Kelly Clarkson has other commitments for NBCUniversal or her music career, including The Voice and her 2021 Christmas album and special.\nThe Wendy Williams Show: Despite Williams insisting she would never allow a guest host, actor Jerry O'Connell has filled in for her several times dating back to March 2018 due to illness or personal issues, and hosted a summer test run of a talk show from the same studio for Fox Television Stations that was considered for syndication in the 2021-22 season. Though he did not get that show, he became a co-host on The Talk for CBS in the summer of 2021. Currently, guest hosts have hosted the thirteenth season as Williams has had continuous medical issues and has refused to do further 'at home' editions, seeing them as lower quality episodes. Sherri Shepherd was named the permanent guest host in February 2021 for the remainder of the season, with the possibility the show would de facto pass down to her in the fourteenth season if Williams does not recover. The latter move has proven to be controversial to Williams' fanbase, though was required as the show's distributor and station base has asked for clarity and stability in their marketing of the series.\n\nUnited Kingdom\nIn the United Kingdom, some shows have guest presenters on a permanent basis. Have I Got News for You has used a different guest presenter for each show since Angus Deayton's departure in 2002. On The Jack Docherty Show in the late 1990s, Jack Docherty was absent so often that the show (retitled Not the Jack Docherty Show) more often than not had a fill-in. When Simon Amstell left his role on Never Mind the Buzzcocks, guest hosts took over the role to December 2013, not unlike a similar incident during Series 18.\n\nOther uses\nThe frequency of guest presenters on certain shows has been parodied by the Onion News Network's Clifford Banes character, who never presents his show for a variety of absurd reasons, and is always replaced by a guest presenter.\nThe main plot device of the ESPN Classic series Cheap Seats is that \"tape librarians\" Randy & Jason Sklar are guest hosting the series while the actual host Ron Parker (an in-universe parody of an overly vain SportsCenter anchor played by Michael Showalter) is rehabilitating from the collapse of tape shelving onto him in the show's pilot, a recovery that takes the entire series' four season, 79-episode run. The series' full title is facetiously Cheap Seats: Without Ron Parker.\nDaytime syndicated talk shows of the 1960s and 1970s most often featured a celebrity guest hosting the show alongside the show's host—most notable of these is The Mike Douglas Show.\n World Wrestling Entertainment had weekly guest hosts (either celebrities, WWE Hall of Famers and injured or retired wrestlers) as kayfabe bookers on their flagship show Monday Night Raw.\n\nSee also\nCameo appearance\nGuest appearance\n\nRadio broadcasting\nTelevision terminology", "Case Unclosed was an informative news and public affairs television show in the Philippines aired every Thursday evenings by GMA Network. The show was hosted by Arnold Clavio, who previously hosted Emergency. Kara David served as the first host until March 5, 2009, when she was replaced by Clavio to host OFW Diaries.\n\nThe episodes of this programs featured different cases that are currently unsolved. The dramatization was directed by different Filipino film directors.\n\nList of episodes\n\nKara David\n\nArnold Clavio\n\nLists of Philippine television series episodes\nLists of documentary television series episodes" ]

[ "David Attenborough", "First years at the BBC", "What kind of work did he do before working at BBC?", "After leaving the Navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company.", "Did he like this type of work?", "He soon became disillusioned with the work and in 1950 applied for a job as a radio talk producer with the BBC.", "What did he do at the BBC?", "he accepted Adams' offer of a three-month training course, and in 1952 he joined the BBC full-time.", "Did he like being filmed?", "discouraged from appearing on camera because Adams thought his teeth were too big,", "What kind of work did he first do at BBC?", "he became a producer for the Talks department,", "What kind of things did he produce for the department?", "His early projects included the quiz show Animal, Vegetable, Mineral? and Song Hunter,", "Did he like dealing with animals at work?", "The studio-bound programme featured animals from London Zoo,", "What type of work did they do with London Zoo?", "Attenborough met Jack Lester, the curator of the zoo's reptile house, and they decided to make a series about an animal-collecting expedition.", "Was David the host of the show?", "The result was Zoo Quest, first broadcast in 1954, where Attenborough became the presenter" ]

[ "BBC Orchestras and Singers refers collectively to a number of orchestras, choirs and other musical ensembles, maintained by the BBC.\n\nCurrent operation\nAll of the BBC’s Orchestras and Singers record performances primarily for BBC Radio 3, with the exception of the BBC Concert Orchestra which also has a dual role shared with BBC Radio 2. Recordings are either taken from one of around 400 live concerts each year with an audience, or from studio sessions. \n\nUnusually for BBC departments, all of the ensembles also take part in a number of non-broadcast activities, including festival appearances and international touring, and in education work within their regional communities.\n\nThe ensembles managed in England report to the Controller of Radio 3 with the BBC National Orchestra of Wales and BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra reporting to BBC Cymru Wales and BBC Scotland respectively. \n\nIn 2012, John Myerscough was commissioned to report on potential financial savings of the BBC’s Orchestras and Singers. He recommended no more than 10% budget cuts, highlighting the ensembles' successful range of work.\n\nThe two choruses, BBC Symphony Chorus and BBC National Chorus of Wales, are volunteer choristers and are not paid a salary. The BBC Singers are the UK’s only full-time professional chamber choir, and along with the five orchestras, they are full-time salaried musicians whose pay is negotiated with the Musicians' Union (United Kingdom).\n\nIn March 2021, it was announced that the BBC Concert Orchestra would relocate to a new city \"outside of the M25\", as part of wider BBC announcements redistributing hundreds of jobs outside of London.\n\nCurrent list of ensembles\n BBC Big Band\n BBC Concert Orchestra\n BBC National Chorus of Wales\n BBC National Orchestra of Wales\n BBC Philharmonic\n BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra\n BBC Singers\n BBC Symphony Chorus\n BBC Symphony Orchestra\n\nDisbanded BBC ensembles\n BBC Dance Orchestra (1928–1952, formed as the London Radio Dance Band in 1926, became the BBC Showband in 1952 and the BBC Big Band in 1964)\n BBC Midland Orchestra (1934–1941, became the BBC Midland Light Orchestra, 1941–1973 and the BBC Midland Radio Orchestra, 1973–1980). \n BBC Northern Dance Orchestra (1956–1985, the successor to the BBC Northern Variety Orchestra, founded 1951)\n BBC Northern Ireland Orchestra (absorbed by the Ulster Orchestra)\n BBC Northern Orchestra (1934–1982, formed out of the 2XY Orchestra (1922), Northern Wireless Orchestra (1926) and Northern Studio Orchestra (1930), renamed the BBC Northern Symphony Orchestra in 1967, became the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra in 1982\n BBC Northern Singers (1954–1992, became The Britten Singers)\n BBC Opera Orchestra (formed 1949, reformed as the BBC Concert Orchestra, 1952)\n BBC Radio Orchestra (1964–1991, formed from the amalgamation of the BBC Review Orchestra and the BBC Variety Orchestra)\n BBC Revue Orchestra (1939–1964)\n BBC Salon Orchestra (1939–1942), based initially at Evesham, Worcestershire and then in Bristol, conducted by Leslie Bridgewater, led by Jean Pougnet and featuring 20 players including Leon Goossens, Rae Jenkins, Reginald Kell, Anthony Pini, Frederick Riddle and David Wise. It played light music in mostly studio broadcasts, aimed at boosting wartime morale.\n BBC Scottish Variety Orchestra (from 1967 the BBC Scottish Radio Orchestra (1940–1981))\n BBC Television Orchestra (1936–1939, reformed as the BBC Revue Orchestra)\n BBC Theatre Orchestra (formed 1931, became the BBC Opera Orchestra in 1949)\n BBC Variety Orchestra (1934–1964)\n BBC West of England Light orchestra (1950–1960)\n BBC West of England Players (1960–1965)\n The New BBC Orchestra (founded 1966, renamed the BBC Training Orchestra in 1968, and then the Academy of the BBC in 1974 - disbanded 1977)\n BBC Chorus\n\nReferences\n\n Orchestras Live\n Bach Cantatas.com\n\nExternal links\n BBC Orchestras homepage\n\nBBC music\nBritish orchestras", "BBC Sessions 1969–1972 (Sampler) is a compilation album by David Bowie, released in 1996. This release is notable for the inclusion of \"I'm Waiting for the Man\" in a different BBC session take to the version released on Bowie at the Beeb.\n\nTrack listing\nAll songs written by David Bowie except \"Waiting For the Man\" by Lou Reed.\n\"Hang on to Yourself\" – 2:50\n\"Ziggy Stardust\" – 3:19\n\"Space Oddity\" – 4:15\n\"Andy Warhol\" – 2:53\n\"Waiting For the Man\" – 4:50\n\"Interview With Brian Matthews\" – 1:27\n\"Let Me Sleep Beside You\" – 2:42\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nBBC Radio recordings\nDavid Bowie compilation albums\nSampler albums\n1996 compilation albums\nDavid Bowie live albums\n1996 live albums" ]

[ "David Attenborough", "First years at the BBC", "What kind of work did he do before working at BBC?", "After leaving the Navy, Attenborough took a position editing children's science textbooks for a publishing company.", "Did he like this type of work?", "He soon became disillusioned with the work and in 1950 applied for a job as a radio talk producer with the BBC.", "What did he do at the BBC?", "he accepted Adams' offer of a three-month training course, and in 1952 he joined the BBC full-time.", "Did he like being filmed?", "discouraged from appearing on camera because Adams thought his teeth were too big,", "What kind of work did he first do at BBC?", "he became a producer for the Talks department,", "What kind of things did he produce for the department?", "His early projects included the quiz show Animal, Vegetable, Mineral? and Song Hunter,", "Did he like dealing with animals at work?", "The studio-bound programme featured animals from London Zoo,", "What type of work did they do with London Zoo?", "Attenborough met Jack Lester, the curator of the zoo's reptile house, and they decided to make a series about an animal-collecting expedition.", "Was David the host of the show?", "The result was Zoo Quest, first broadcast in 1954, where Attenborough became the presenter", "Did David take other jobs with the BBC?", "In the early 1960s, Attenborough resigned from the permanent staff of the BBC to study for a postgraduate degree in social anthropology" ]

[ "John Dowling is a British banjo player.\n\nDowling was born in Cornwall, England. He won first place at the BBC Radio 2 Young Folk Award in 2000 with his band the Black Cat Theory, and went on to become the first European ever to win first place at the USA bluegrass banjo championship held at Winfield, Kansas, in 2002. In 2007, he was featured as a master class tutor in a BBC1 reality series Play It Again along with Mark Knopfler, Jools Holland and Courtney Pine.\n\nExternal links\n John Dowling website\n\n1981 births\nLiving people\nEnglish banjoists", "Ruth Irene Caleb (born 1942) is a British film and television producer. She was appointed head of drama at BBC Wales in the mid-1980s, making her the BBC's first ever female head of drama. She is known for her work on productions that include; Pawel Pawlikowski's Last Resort, the BBC1 series Judge John Deed and Saul Dibb's Bullet Boy.\n\nIn 2012, it was announced that Caleb would partner with independent production company, Leopard Drama, the drama division of Argonon. One of her recent projects in collaboration with Argonon has been producing children’s drama series, Eve, for CBBC.\n\nRuth was awarded the Alan Clarke BAFTA Award in 2001, for her \"outstanding personal contribution to TV\" and in 2012, was granted a lifetime achievement award at the year’s Women in Film and Television Awards. The award was presented by actress Julie Walters, whom Caleb had worked with twice before; on TV film, Pat and Margaret (1994) and again, in the 2009 drama, A Short Stay in Switzerland. In 2004, she was appointed an OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) for her services to drama.\n\nSome of Caleb’s more recent credits include The Last Days of Lehman Brothers, The Whale, starring Martin Sheen and the Dylan Thomas biopic, A Poet in New York.\n\nReferences\n\n1942 births\nLiving people\nBBC executives\nBBC television producers\nBritish women television producers\nWFTV Award winners" ]

[ "Tlingit language", "Pronominals" ]

[ "Language-oriented programming (LOP) is a software-development paradigm where \"language\" is a software building block with the same status as objects, modules and components, and rather than solving problems in general-purpose programming languages, the programmer creates one or more domain-specific languages for the problem first, and solves the problem in those languages. Language-oriented programming was first described in detail in Martin Ward's 1994 paper Language Oriented Programming, published in Software - Concepts and Tools, Vol.15, No.4, pp 147–161, 1994.\n\nConcept\nThe concept of language-oriented programming takes the approach to capture requirements in the user's terms, and then to try to create an implementation language as isomorphic as possible to the user's descriptions, so that the mapping between requirements and implementation is as direct as possible. A measure of the closeness of this isomorphism is the \"redundancy\" of the language, defined as the number of editing operations needed to implement a stand-alone change in requirements. It is not assumed a-priori what is the best language for implementing the new language. Rather, the developer can choose among options created by analysis of the information flows — what information is acquired, what its structure is, when it is acquired, from whom, and what is done with it.\n\nDevelopment\nThe Racket (programming language) is designed to support language-oriented programming. Other language workbench tools such as JetBrains MPS, Kermeta, or Xtext provide the tools to design and implement DSLs and language-oriented programming\n\nSee also\n Grammar-oriented programming\n Dialecting\n Domain-specific language\n Extensible programming\n Intentional programming\n Homoiconicity\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Language Oriented Programming: The Next Programming Paradigm Sergey Dmitriev's paper that further explored the topic.\nLanguage Oriented Programming in MetaLisp Gyuri Lajos's thesis 1992 University of Leeds The system used the very same Top Down Parsing Language algorithm that powered Tree-Meta\n\nProgramming paradigms", "A programming model is an execution model coupled to an API or a particular pattern of code. In this style, there are actually two execution models in play: the execution model of the base programming language and the execution model of the programming model. An example is Spark where Java is the base language, and Spark is the programming model. Execution may be based on what appear to be library calls. Other examples include the POSIX Threads library and Hadoop's MapReduce. In both cases, the execution model of the programming model is different from that of the base language in which the code is written. For example, the C programming language has no behavior in its execution model for input/output or thread behavior. But such behavior can be invoked from C syntax, by making what appears to be a call to a normal C library.\n\nWhat distinguishes a programming model from a normal library is that the behavior of the call cannot be understood in terms of the language the program is written in. For example, the behavior of calls to the POSIX thread library cannot be understood in terms of the C language. The reason is that the call invokes an execution model that is different from the execution model of the language. This invocation of an outside execution model is the defining characteristic of a programming model, in contrast to a programming language.\n\nIn parallel computing, the execution model often must expose features of the hardware in order to achieve high performance. The large amount of variation in parallel hardware causes a concurrent need for a similarly large number of parallel execution models. It is impractical to make a new language for each execution model, hence it is a common practice to invoke the behaviors of the parallel execution model via an API. So, most of the programming effort is done via parallel programming models rather than parallel languages. Unfortunately, the terminology around such programming models tends to focus on the details of the hardware that inspired the execution model, and in that insular world the mistaken belief is formed that a programming model is only for the case when an execution model is closely matched to hardware features.\n\nReferences\n\nComputer programming" ]

[ "Tlingit language", "Pronominals", "What is Pronomials in the language?", "The subject pronominals are incorporated into the verb in its subject slot." ]

[ "A Modal verb is a type of verb that is used to indicate modality – that is: likelihood, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order, obligation, or advice. Modal verbs always accompany the base (infinitive) form of another verb having semantic content. In English, the modal verbs commonly used are can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, and must.\n\nFunction\nA modal auxiliary verb gives information about the function of the main verb that it governs. Modals have a wide variety of communicative functions, but these functions can generally be related to a scale ranging from possibility (\"may\") to necessity (\"must\"), in terms of one of the following types of modality: \nepistemic modality, concerned with the theoretical possibility of propositions being true or not true (including likelihood and certainty)\ndeontic modality, concerned with possibility and necessity in terms of freedom to act (including permission and duty)\ndynamic modality, which may be distinguished from deontic modality in that, with dynamic modality, the conditioning factors are internal – the subject's own ability or willingness to act\n\nThe following sentences illustrate epistemic and deontic uses of the English modal verb must:\nepistemic: You must be starving. (\"I think it is almost a certainty that you are starving.\")\ndeontic: You must leave now. (\"You are required to leave now.\")\nAn ambiguous case is You must speak Spanish. The primary meaning would be the deontic meaning (\"You are required to speak Spanish.\") but this may be intended epistemically (\"It is surely the case that you speak Spanish.\")\nEpistemic modals can be analyzed as raising verbs, while deontic modals can be analyzed as control verbs.\n\nEpistemic usages of modals tend to develop from deontic usages. For example, the inferred certainty sense of English must developed after the strong obligation sense; the probabilistic sense of should developed after the weak obligation sense; and the possibility senses of may and can developed later than the permission or ability sense. Two typical sequences of evolution of modal meanings are:\ninternal mental ability → internal ability → root possibility (internal or external ability) → permission and epistemic possibility\nobligation → probability\n\nIn Germanic languages\n\nEnglish\n\nThe following table lists the modal auxiliary verbs of standard English and various senses in which they are used:\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Modal auxiliary !! Epistemic sense || Deontic sense || Dynamic sense\n\n|-\n| can || That can indeed hinder. || You can sing underwater. || She can really sing. \n|-\n| could || That could happen soon. || – || He could swim when he was young. \n|-\n| may || That may be a problem. || May I stay? || –\n|-\n| might || The weather might improve. || – || –\n|-\n| must || It must be hot outside. || Sam must go to school. || –\n|-\n| shall || – || You shall not pass. || –\n|-\n| should || That should be surprising. || You should stop that. || I should like that.\n|-\n| will || She will try to lie. || I will meet you later. || –\n|-\n| would || Nothing would accomplish that. || – || We would eat out on Sundays.\n|}\n\nThe verbs in this list all have the following characteristics:\n\nThey are auxiliary verbs, which means they allow subject-auxiliary inversion and can take the negation not,\nThey convey functional meaning,\nThey are defective insofar as they cannot be inflected, nor do they appear in non-finite form (i.e. not as infinitives, gerunds, or participles),\nThey are nevertheless always finite and thus appear as the root verb in their clause, and\nThey subcategorize for an infinitive, i.e. they take an infinitive as their complement\n\nThe verbs/expressions dare, ought to, had better, and need not behave like modal auxiliaries to a large extent, although they are not productive (in linguistics, the extent commonly or frequently used) in the role to the same extent as those listed here. Furthermore, there are numerous other verbs that can be viewed as modal verbs insofar as they clearly express modality in the same way that the verbs in this list do, e.g. appear, have to, seem etc. In the strict sense, though, these other verbs do not qualify as modal verbs in English because they do not allow subject-auxiliary inversion, nor do they allow negation with not. Verbs such as be able to and be about to allow subject-auxiliary inversion and do not require do-support in negatives but these are rarely classified as modal verbs because they inflect and are a modal construction involving the verb to be which itself is not a modal verb. If, however, one defines modal verb entirely in terms of meaning contribution, then these other verbs would also be modals and so the list here would have to be greatly expanded.\n\nDefectiveness\nIn English, modals form a very distinctive class of verbs. They are auxiliary verbs as are be, do, and have, but unlike those three verbs, they are grammatically defective. For example, have → has vs. should → *shoulds and do → did vs. may → *mayed, etc. In clauses that contain two or more verbs, any modal that is present always appears leftmost in the verb catena (chain). Thus, modal verbs are always finite and, in terms of syntactic structure, the root of their containing clause. The following dependency grammar trees illustrate this point:\n\nThe verb catenae are in blue. The modal auxiliary in both trees is the root of the entire sentence. The verb that is immediately subordinate to the modal is always an infinitive. The fact that modal auxiliaries in English are necessarily finite means that within the minimal finite clause that contains them, they can never be subordinate to another verb, e.g.,\n\na. Sam may have done his homework. The modal auxiliary may is the root of the clause.\nb. *Sam has may done his homework. Fails because the modal auxiliary may is not the root of the clause.\n\na. Jim will be helped. The modal auxiliary will is the root of the clause.\nb. *Jim is will be helped. Fails because the modal auxiliary will is not the root of the clause.\n\nSuch limits in form (tense, etc.) and syntactic distribution of this class of verbs are motivation of the designation defective. Other constructions are frequently used for such a \"missing\" form in place of a modal, including \"be able to\" for can, \"have to\" for must, and \"be going to\" for shall and will (designating the future). It is of note that in this way, English modal auxiliaries are unlike modal verbs in other closely related languages; see below.\n\nDo constructions\n\nIn English, main verbs but not modal verbs always require the auxiliary verb do to form negations and questions, and do can be used with main verbs to form emphatic affirmative statements. (Neither negations nor questions in early modern English used to require do.) Since modal verbs are auxiliary verbs as is do, in questions and negations they appear in the word order the same as do.\n\nSome form of auxiliary \"do\" occurs in all West Germanic languages except Afrikaans. Its occurrence in the Frisian languages is restricted to Saterland Frisian, where it may be a loan from Low German. In both German and Dutch, the construction has been known since the Middle Ages and is common in dialects, but is considered ungrammatical in the modern standard language. The Duden lists the following three potential uses of (to do) in modern German, with only the first being considered standard:\n\nComparison with other Germanic languages\nThe English modal verbs share many features and often etymology with modal verbs in other Germanic languages.\n\nThe table below lists some modal verbs with common roots in the West Germanic languages English, German, Dutch, Low Saxon, West Frisian and Afrikaans, the North Germanic languages Danish, Swedish and Faroese, and the extinct East Germanic Gothic language. This list comprises cognates, which evolved from old Germanic modal auxiliaries. It does not attempt to be complete for any one of the modern languages, as some verbs have lost or gained modal character later in separate languages. (English modal auxiliary verb provides an exhaustive list of modal verbs in English, and German verb#Modal verbs provides a list for German, with translations. Dutch verbs#Irregular verbs gives conjugations for some Dutch modals.)\n\nWords in the same row of the table below share the same etymological root. Because of semantic drift, however, words in the same row may no longer be proper translations of each other. For instance, the English and German verbs will are completely different in meaning, and the German one has nothing to do with constructing the future tense. These words are false friends.\n\nIn (modern) English, Afrikaans, Danish, and Swedish, the plural and singular forms are identical. For German, Dutch, Low Saxon, West Frisian, Faroese and Gothic, both a (not the) plural and a singular form of the verb are shown. Forms within parentheses are obsolete, rare, and/or mainly dialectal in the modern languages.\n\nEtymological relatives (not translations) \n\nThe English could is the preterite form of can; should is the preterite of shall; might is the preterite of may; and must was originally the preterite form of mote. (This is ignoring the use of \"may\" as a vestige of the subjunctive mood in English.) These verbs have acquired an independent, present tense meaning. The German verb möchten is sometimes taught as a vocabulary word and included in the list of modal verbs, but it is actually the past subjunctive form of mögen. \n\t \nThe English verbs dare and need have both a modal use (he dare not do it), and a non-modal use (he doesn't dare to do it). The Dutch, West Frisian, and Afrikaans verbs durven, doarre, and durf are not considered modals (but they are there, nevertheless) because their modal use has disappeared, but they have a non-modal use analogous with the English dare. Some English modals consist of more than one word, such as \"had better\" and \"would rather\".\n\nOwing to their modal characteristics, modal verbs are among a very select group of verbs in Afrikaans that have a preterite form. Most verbs in Afrikaans only have a present and a perfect form.\n\nSome other English verbs express modality although they are not modal verbs because they are not auxiliaries, including want, wish, hope, and like. All of these differ from the modals in English (with the disputed exception of ought (to)) in that the associated main verb takes its long infinitive form with the particle to rather than its short form without to, and in that they are fully conjugated.\n\nMorphology and syntax\nGermanic modal verbs are preterite-present verbs, which means that their present tense has the form of a vocalic preterite. This is the source of the vowel alternation between singular and plural in German, Dutch, and Low Saxon. Because of their preterite origins, modal verbs also lack the suffix (-s in modern English, -t in German, Dutch, Low Saxon and West Frisian, -r in the North Germanic languages, -þ in Gothic) that would normally mark the third person singular form. Afrikaans verbs do not conjugate, and thus Afrikaans non-modal verbs do not have a suffix either:\n\nThe main verb that is modified by the modal verb is in the infinitive form and is not preceded by the word to (German: zu, Low Saxon to, Dutch and West Frisian te, Afrikaans om te,). There are verbs that may seem somewhat similar in meaning to modal verbs (e.g. like, want), but the construction with such verbs would be different:\n\nSimilarly, in North Germanic languages, the infinitive marker (at in Danish and Faroese, att in Swedish) is not used for main verbs with modal auxiliaries: Han kan arbejde, han kan arbeta, hann kann arbeiða (he can work). However, there also are some other constructions where the infinitive marker need not be employed, as in Swedish han försöker arbeta (he tries to work).\n\nLess defective\nIn English, modal verbs are called defective verbs because of their incomplete conjugation: they have a narrower range of functions than ordinary verbs. For example, most have no infinitive or gerund.\n\nIn many Germanic languages, the modal verbs may be used in more functions than in English. In German, for instance, modals can occur as non-finite verbs, which means they can be subordinate to other verbs in verb catenae; they need not appear as the clause root. In Swedish, some (but not all) modal verbs have infinitive forms. This for instance enables catenae containing several modal auxiliaries. The modal verbs are underlined in the following table.\n{|class=\"wikitable\"\n! Language || Sentence\n|-\n| English || he must be able to do it\n|-\n| German || er muss das tun können\n|-\n| Swedish || han måste kunna göra det\n|}\nThe Swedish sentence translated word by word would yield the impossible \"*he must can do it\"; the same goes for the German one, except that German has a different word order in such clauses, yielding \"*he must it do can\".\n\nIn other languages\n\nHawaiian Pidgin\n\nHawaiian Pidgin is a creole language most of whose vocabulary, but not grammar, is drawn from English. As is generally the case with creole languages, it is an isolating language and modality is typically indicated by the use of invariant pre-verbal auxiliaries. The invariance of the modal auxiliaries to person, number, and tense makes them analogous to modal auxiliaries in English. However, as in most creoles the main verbs are also invariant; the auxiliaries are distinguished by their use in combination with (followed by) a main verb.\n\nThere are various preverbal modal auxiliaries: kaen \"can\", laik \"want to\", gata \"have got to\", haeftu \"have to\", baeta \"had better\", sapostu \"am/is/are supposed to\". Unlike in Germanic languages, tense markers are used, albeit infrequently, before modals: gon kaen kam \"is going to be able to come\". Waz \"was\" can indicate past tense before the future/volitional marker gon and the modal sapostu: Ai waz gon lift weits \"I was gonna lift weights\"; Ai waz sapostu go \"I was supposed to go\".\n\nHawaiian\n\nHawaiian, like the Polynesian languages generally, is an isolating language, so its verbal grammar exclusively relies on unconjugated verbs. Thus, as with creoles, there is no real distinction between modal auxiliaries and lexically modal main verbs that are followed by another main verb. Hawaiian has an imperative indicated by e + verb (or in the negative by mai + verb). Some examples of the treatment of modality are as follows: Pono conveys obligation/necessity as in He pono i na kamali'i a pau e maka'ala, \"It's right for children all to beware\", \"All children should/must beware\"; ability is conveyed by hiki as in Ua hiki i keia kamali'i ke heluhelu \"Has enabled to this child to read\", \"This child can read\".\n\nFrench\n\nFrench, like some other Romance languages, does not have a grammatically distinct class of modal auxiliary verbs; instead, it expresses modality using conjugated verbs followed by infinitives: for example, \"to be able\" (Je peux aller, \"I can go\"), devoir \"to have an obligation\" (Je dois aller, \"I must go\"), and vouloir \"to want\" (Je veux aller \"I want to go\").\n\nItalian\n\nModal verbs in Italian form a distinct class (verbi modali or verbi servili). They can be easily recognized by the fact that they are the only group of verbs that does not have a fixed auxiliary verb for forming the perfect, but they can inherit it from the verb they accompany – Italian can have two different auxiliary verbs for forming the perfect, avere (\"to have\"), and essere (\"to be\"). There are in total four modal verbs in Italian: potere (\"can\"), volere (\"want\"), dovere (\"must\"), sapere (\"to be able to\"). Modal verbs in Italian are the only group of verbs allowed to follow this particular behavior. When they do not accompany other verbs, they all use avere (\"to have\") as a helping verb for forming the perfect.\n\nFor example, the helping verb for the perfect of potere (\"can\") is avere (\"have\"), as in ho potuto (lit. \"I-have been-able\",\"I could\"); nevertheless, when used together with a verb that has as auxiliary essere (\"be\"), potere inherits the auxiliary of the second verb. For example: ho visitato il castello (lit. \"I-have visited the castle\") / ho potuto visitare il castello (lit. \"I-have been-able to-visit the castle\",\"I could visit the castle\"); but sono scappato (lit. \"I-am escaped\", \"I have escaped\") / sono potuto scappare (lit. \"I-am been-able to-escape\", \"I could escape\").\n\nNote that, like in other Romance languages, there is no distinction between an infinitive and a bare infinitive in Italian, hence modal verbs are not the only group of verbs that accompanies an infinitive (where in English instead there would be the form with \"to\" – see for example Ho preferito scappare (\"I have preferred to escape\"). Thus, while in English a modal verb can be easily recognized by the sole presence of a bare infinitive, there is no easy way to distinguish the four traditional Italian modal verbs from other verbs, except the fact that the former are the only verbs that do not have a fixed auxiliary verb for the perfect. For this reason some grammars consider also the verbs osare (\"to dare to\"), preferire (\"to refer to\"), desiderare (\"to desire to\"), solere (\"to use to\") as modal verbs, despite these always use avere as auxiliary verb for the perfect.\n\nMandarin Chinese\n\nMandarin Chinese is an isolating language without inflections. As in English, modality can be indicated either lexically, with main verbs such as yào \"want\" followed by another main verb, or with auxiliary verbs. In Mandarin the auxiliary verbs have six properties that distinguish them from main verbs:\n\nThey must co-occur with a verb (or an understood verb).\nThey cannot be accompanied by aspect markers.\nThey cannot be modified by intensifiers such as \"very\".\nThey cannot be nominalized (used in phrases meaning, for example, \"one who can\")\nThey cannot occur before the subject.\nThey cannot take a direct object.\n\nThe complete list of modal auxiliary verbs consists of\nthree meaning \"should\",\nfour meaning \"be able to\",\ntwo meaning \"have permission to\",\none meaning \"dare\",\none meaning \"be willing to\",\nfour meaning \"must\" or \"ought to\", and\none meaning \"will\" or \"know how to\".\n\nSpanish\nSpanish, like French, uses fully conjugated verbs followed by infinitives. For example, poder \"to be able\" (Puedo andar, \"I can walk\"), deber \"to have an obligation\" (Debo andar, \"I must walk\"), and querer \"to want\" (Quiero andar \"I want to walk\").\n\nThe correct use of andar in these examples would be reflexive. \"Puedo andar\" means \"I can walk\", \"Puedo irme\" means \"I can go\" or \"I can take myself off/away\". The same applies to the other examples.\n\nSee also\n English auxiliaries and contractions\n German modal particle\n Grammatical mood\n Modal logic\n\nReferences\n\nModalverben\n\nBibliography\n The Syntactic Evolution of Modal Verbs in the History of English\n Walter W. Skeat, The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology (1993), Wordsworth Editions Ltd.\n{Expand section|date=May 2008}\n\nExternal links\nGerman Modal Verbs A grammar lesson covering the German modal verbs\n Modal Verbs\nModal Verb Tutorial\n\nLinguistic modality\nVerb types\nPhilosophy of language", "A regular verb is any verb whose conjugation follows the typical pattern, or one of the typical patterns, of the language to which it belongs. A verb whose conjugation follows a different pattern is called an irregular verb. This is one instance of the distinction between regular and irregular inflection, which can also apply to other word classes, such as nouns and adjectives.\n\nIn English, for example, verbs such as play, enter, and like are regular since they form their inflected parts by adding the typical endings -s, -ing and -ed to give forms such as plays, entering, and liked. On the other hand, verbs such as drink, hit and have are irregular since some of their parts are not made according to the typical pattern: drank and drunk (not \"drinked\"); hit (as past tense and past participle, not \"hitted\") and has and had (not \"haves\" and \"haved\").\n\nThe classification of verbs as regular or irregular is to some extent a subjective matter. If some conjugational paradigm in a language is followed by a limited number of verbs, or it requires the specification of more than one principal part (as with the German strong verbs), views may differ as to whether the verbs in question should be considered irregular. Most inflectional irregularities arise as a result of series of fairly uniform historical changes so forms that appear to be irregular from a synchronic (contemporary) point of view may be seen as following more regular patterns when the verbs are analyzed from a diachronic (historical linguistic) viewpoint.\n\nDevelopment\nWhen a language develops some type of inflection, such as verb conjugation, it normally produces certain typical (regular) patterns by which words in the given class come to make their inflected forms. The language may develop a number of different regular patterns, either as a result of conditional sound changes which cause differentiation within a single pattern, or through patterns with different derivations coming to be used for the same purpose. An example of the latter is provided by the strong and weak verbs of the Germanic languages; the strong verbs inherited their method of making past forms (vowel ablaut) from Proto-Indo-European, while for the weak verbs a different method (addition of dental suffixes) developed.\n\nIrregularities in verb conjugation (and other inflectional irregularities) may arise in various ways. Sometimes the result of multiple conditional and selective historical sound changes is to leave certain words following a practically unpredictable pattern. This has happened with the strong verbs (and some groups of weak verbs) in English; patterns such as sing–sang–sung and stand–stood–stood, although they derive from what were more or less regular patterns in older languages, are now peculiar to a single verb or small group of verbs in each case, and are viewed as irregular.\n\nIrregularities may also arise from suppletion – forms of one verb may be taken over and used as forms of another. This has happened in the case of the English word went, which was originally the past tense of wend, but has come to be used instead as the past tense of go. The verb be also has a number of suppletive forms (be, is, was, etc., with various different origins) – this is common for copular verbs in Indo-European languages.\n\nThe regularity and irregularity of verbs is affected by changes taking place by way of analogy – there is often a tendency for verbs to switch to a different, usually more regular, pattern under the influence of other verbs. This is less likely when the existing forms are very familiar through common use – hence among the most common verbs in a language (like be, have, go, etc.) there is often a greater incidence of irregularity. (Analogy can occasionally work the other way, too – some irregular English verb forms such as shown, caught and spat have arisen through the influence of existing strong or irregular verbs.)\n\nTypes of pattern\nThe most straightforward type of regular verb conjugation pattern involves a single class of verbs, a single principal part (the root or one particular conjugated form), and a set of exact rules which produce, from that principal part, each of the remaining forms in the verb's paradigm. This is generally considered to be the situation with regular English verbs – from the one principal part, namely the plain form of a regular verb (the bare infinitive, such as play, happen, skim, interchange, etc.), all the other inflected forms (which in English are not numerous; they consist of the third person singular present tense, the past tense and past participle, and the present participle/gerund form) can be derived by way of consistent rules. These rules involve the addition of inflectional endings (-s, -[e]d, -ing), together with certain morphophonological rules about how those endings are pronounced, and certain rules of spelling (such as the doubling of certain consonants). Verbs which in any way deviate from these rules (there are around 200 such verbs in the language) are classed as irregular.\n\nA language may have more than one regular conjugation pattern. French verbs, for example, follow different patterns depending on whether their infinitive ends in -er, -ir or -re (complicated slightly by certain rules of spelling). A verb which does not follow the expected pattern based on the form of its infinitive is considered irregular.\n\nIn some languages, however, verbs may be considered regular even if the specification of one of their forms is not sufficient to predict all of the rest; they have more than one principal part. In Latin, for example, verbs are considered to have four principal parts (see Latin conjugation for details). Specification of all of these four forms for a given verb is sufficient to predict all of the other forms of that verb – except in a few cases, when the verb is irregular.\n\nTo some extent it may be a matter of convention or subjective preference to state whether a verb is regular or irregular. In English, for example, if a verb is allowed to have three principal parts specified (the bare infinitive, past tense and past participle), then the number of irregular verbs will be drastically reduced (this is not the conventional approach, however). The situation is similar with the strong verbs in German (these may or may not be described as irregular). In French, what are traditionally called the \"regular -re verbs\" (those that conjugate like vendre) are not in fact particularly numerous, and may alternatively be considered to be just another group of similarly behaving irregular verbs. The most unambiguously irregular verbs are often very commonly used verbs such as the copular verb be in English and its equivalents in other languages, which frequently have a variety of suppletive forms and thus follow an exceptionally unpredictable pattern of conjugation.\n\nIrregularity in spelling only\nIt is possible for a verb to be regular in pronunciation, but irregular in spelling. Examples of this are the English verbs lay and pay. In terms of pronunciation, these make their past forms in the regular way, by adding the sound. However their spelling deviates from the regular pattern: they are not spelt (spelled) \"layed\" and \"payed\" (although the latter form is used in some e.g. nautical contexts as \"the sailor payed out the anchor chain\"), but laid and paid. This contrasts with fully regular verbs such as sway and stay, which have the regularly spelt past forms swayed and stayed. The English present participle is never irregular in pronunciation, with the exception that singeing irregularly retains the e to distinguish it from singing.\n\nLinguistic study\nIn linguistic analysis, the concept of regular and irregular verbs (and other types of regular and irregular inflection) commonly arises in psycholinguistics, and in particular in work related to language acquisition. In studies of first language acquisition (where the aim is to establish how the human brain processes its native language), one debate among 20th-century linguists revolved around whether small children learn all verb forms as separate pieces of vocabulary or whether they deduce forms by the application of rules. Since a child can hear a regular verb for the first time and immediately reuse it correctly in a different conjugated form which he or she has never heard, it is clear that the brain does work with rules; but irregular verbs must be processed differently. A common error for small children is to conjugate irregular verbs as though they were regular, which is taken as evidence that we learn and process our native language partly by the application of rules, rather than, as some earlier scholarship had postulated, solely by learning the forms. In fact, children often use the most common irregular verbs correctly in their earliest utterances but then switch to incorrect regular forms for a time when they begin to operate systematically. That allows a fairly precise analysis of the phases of this aspect of first language acquisition.\n\nRegular and irregular verbs are also of significance in second language acquisition, and in particular in language teaching and formal learning, where rules such as verb paradigms are defined, and exceptions (such as irregular verbs) need to be listed and learned explicitly. The importance of irregular verbs is enhanced by the fact that they often include the most commonly used verbs in the language (including verbs such as be and have in English, their equivalents être and avoir in French, sein and haben in German, etc.).\n\nIn historical linguistics the concept of irregular verbs is not so commonly referenced. Since most irregularities can be explained by processes of historical language development, these verbs are only irregular when viewed synchronically; they often appear regular when seen in their historical context. In the study of Germanic verbs, for example, historical linguists generally distinguish between strong and weak verbs, rather than irregular and regular (although occasional irregularities still arise even in this approach).\n\nWhen languages are being compared informally, one of the few quantitative statistics which are sometimes cited is the number of irregular verbs. These counts are not particularly accurate for a wide variety of reasons, and academic linguists are reluctant to cite them. But it does seem that some languages have a greater tolerance for paradigm irregularity than others.\n\nBy language\n\nEnglish\nWith the exception of the highly irregular verb be, an English verb can have up to five forms: its plain form (or bare infinitive), a third person singular present tense, a past tense (or preterite), a past participle, and the -ing form that serves as both a present participle and gerund.\n\nThe rules for the formation of the inflected parts of regular verbs are given in detail in the article on English verbs. In summary they are as follows:\nThe third person singular present tense is formed by adding the ending -s (or -es after certain letters) to the plain form. When the plain form ends with the letter -y following a consonant, this becomes -ies. The ending is pronounced after a voiceless consonant sound (as in hops, halts, packs, bluffs, laughs), or after a voiced consonant or vowel sound (as in robs, lends, begs, sings, thaws, flies, sighs), but after a sibilant (passes, pushes, marches).\nThe past tense and past participle are identical; they are formed with the ending -ed, which as in the previous case has three different pronunciations (, , ). Certain spelling rules apply, including the doubling of consonants before the ending in forms like conned and preferred. There is some variation in the application of these spelling rules with some rarer verbs, and particularly with verbs ending -c (panic–panicked, zinc–zinc(k)ed, arc–arced, etc.), meaning that these forms are not fully predictable, but such verbs are not normally listed among the irregular ones. (The verbs lay and pay, however, are commonly listed as irregular, despite being regular in terms of pronunciation – their past forms have the anomalous spellings laid and paid.)\nThe present participle/gerund is formed by adding -ing, again with the application of certain spelling rules similar to those that apply with -ed.\n\nThe irregular verbs of English are described and listed in the article English irregular verbs (for a more extensive list, see List of English irregular verbs). In the case of these:\nThe third person singular present tense is formed regularly, except in the case of the modal verbs (can, shall, etc.) which do not add -s, the verb be (which has three present indicative forms: am, is and are), and the three verbs have, do and say, which produce the forms has, does (pronounced with a short vowel, ), and says (pronounced with a short vowel, ).\nThe past tense and past participle forms are the forms most commonly made in irregular fashion. About 200 verbs in normal use have irregularities in one or other (or usually both) of these forms. They may derive from Germanic strong verbs, as with sing–sang–sung or rise–rose–risen, or from weak verbs which have come to deviate from the standard pattern in some way (teach–taught–taught, keep–kept–kept, build–built–built, etc.). (The past participle often ends in \"n\", \" d\" or \"ed\".) The past and past participle forms change in spelling sometimes.\nThe present participle/gerund is formed regularly, in -ing (except for those defective verbs, such as the modals, which lack such a form).\n\nCommon irregular verbs\nSome examples of common irregular verbs in English, other than modals, are:\n\n arise\n be\n come\n do\n eat\n fall\n get\n give\n go\n have\n hear\n know\n lend\n make\n run\n say\n see\n take\n think\n wear\n drink\nput\ncut\ncatch\ncough\ndrive\n\nOther languages\nFor regular and irregular verbs in other languages, see the articles on the grammars of those languages. Particular articles include, for example:\nDutch conjugation\nFrench verbs and French conjugation\nGerman verbs and German conjugation\nAncient Greek verbs (for verbs in Modern Greek, see Modern Greek grammar)\nIrish conjugation\nItalian conjugation\nJapanese verb conjugation and Japanese irregular verbs\nLatin conjugation\nPortuguese conjugation\nSpanish verbs, Spanish conjugation and Spanish irregular verbs\n\nSome grammatical information relating to specific verbs in various languages can also be found in Wiktionary.\n\nConstructed languages\nMost natural languages, to different extents, have a number of irregular verbs. Artificial auxiliary languages usually have a single regular pattern for all verbs (as well as other parts of speech) as a matter of design, because inflectional irregularities are considered to increase the difficulty of learning and using a language. Other constructed languages, however, need not show such regularity, especially if they are designed to look similar to natural ones.\n\nThe auxiliary language Interlingua has some irregular verbs, principally esser \"to be\", which has an irregular present tense form es \"is\" (instead of expected esse), an optional plural son \"are\", an optional irregular past tense era \"was/were\" (alongside regular esseva), and a unique subjunctive form sia (which can also function as an imperative). Other common verbs also have irregular present tense forms, namely vader \"to go\" — va, ir \"to go\" — va (also shared by the present tense of vader), and haber \"to have\" — ha.\n\nReferences\n\nVerb types" ]

[ "Tlingit language", "Pronominals", "What is Pronomials in the language?", "The subject pronominals are incorporated into the verb in its subject slot.", "Are the verbs the same in english language?", "The object pronominals are also technically incorporated into the verb (i.e. the verb \"complex\"), but most are graphically independent." ]

[ "Tangale (Tangle) is a West Chadic language spoken in Northern region of Nigeria. The vast majority of the native speakers are found across Akko, Billiri, Kaltungo and Shongom Local Government Area of Gombe State Nigeria .\n\nPhonology\n\nThere are nine Tangale vowels. Each occurs in a contrastive long and short form.\n\nThere are up to 34 consonant phonemes in the language, including implosive stops, prenasalized stops, and labialized consonants. The language uses two levels of contrastive tone.\n\nA prominent feature of Tangale is vowel harmony. Suffixes control whether all the vowels in a word are open or close.\n\nNouns\n\nNouns have a masculine or feminine gender, but this is not marked on the noun. The different in gender is only seen in the agreement system (covert gender). Nouns are not marked for plural, except for the word \"child\" which has an irregular plural form. A suffix -i marks definite nouns. Nouns can also take a possessive suffix, which indexes the possessor of the noun (possessor agreement).\n\nVerbs\n\nVerbs are bound roots of the following segmental shapes: CVC-, CVːC-, CV(m)CC-, and CVCː-. Verbs root can be marked for verbal plurality in nine different ways including reduplication, suffixation, infixation and devoicing. A subclass of about 30 verbs have shorter roots with only one consonant.\n\nVerbs stems are marked with one of nine tense-aspect-mood (TAM) suffixes: \nImperative-Subjunctive, \nAorist-Intentional, \nAorist-Subjunctive, \nProgressive I, \nFuture, \nPerfect I, \nPerfect II (Dependent or Repetitive Perfect), \nProgressive II, or \nHabitual.\n\nIn addition, verbs in some TAM can take an Altrilocal-Ventive or Distance suffix.\n\nIdeophones\n\nIdeophones are an \"emotional-expressive\" word class. Morphologically, ideophones are typically disyllabic and have a word-final coda. They also have an alternate form derived by total reduplication. Ideophones only carry low tone.\n\nPronouns\n\nThe pronominal systems distinguishes 8 categories: three persons, singular & plural, and a gender distinction in second and third person singular forms. There are three types of independent (or absolute) pronouns. Subject pronouns also have three forms which are distinguished by their use in different TAMs. Object and indirect object pronominals are suffixed to the verb. The possessive suffix (or possessor agreement suffix) attaches to nouns and indexes the possessor following the same categories as other pronominals. A reflexive pronoun is formed by the word kɪɪ with a possessive suffix.\n\nNegation\n\nNominal and verbal predicates are negated by what is described as a suffix -m.\n\nLiterature\nJ.S.Hall of the Sudan Interior Mission worked with the Tangale people and created literature in the language. In 1920 the Gospel of Luke was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society followed by Ruth and Jonah in 1922, then Acts in 1922, the Gospel of Matthew in 1927, Romans in 1928, the epistles of Paul in 1929 and then the New Testament in 1932.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\nWest Chadic languages\nLanguages of Nigeria", "Honorifics are a class of words or grammatical morphemes that encode a wide variety of social relationships between interlocutors or between interlocutors and referents. Honorific phenomena in Thai include honorific registers, honorific pronominals, and honorific particles.\n\nHistorical development\nThai honorifics date back to the Sukhothai Kingdom, a period which lasted from 1238 to 1420 CE During the Sukhothai period, honorifics appeared in the form of kinship terms. The Sukhothai period also saw the introduction of many Khmer and Pali loanwords to Thai. Later, in the Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351 to 1767 CE), a new form of honorific speech evolved. While kinship terms continued to be used, a royal vocabulary known as \"raja-sap\" (; ) emerged. The Raja-sap, an honorific register, was created as a way for commoners and aristocrats alike to talk to and about the king of Thailand. Soon after its creation, the use of royal vocabulary was extended to address all members of the royal family as well as aristocrats. At the same time, a clerical vocabulary used to talk to or about monks arose, very similar to the raja-sap. With the development of royal and clerical vocabularies, means for honorific speech increased significantly. The Bangkok period, from 1782 to the present, saw even greater expansion of the raja-sap as it became the formal, or polite, way to address all peoples or topics. Specifically, lexical items from honorific registers replaced native Thai pronouns, resulting in an entirely new set of pronominal forms. Kinship terms continued to be used as honorifics, and a new type of honorific emerged as well, polite particles.\n\nHonorific registers\n\nThe roots of Thai honorific registers lie in Khmer and Khmero-Indic (Pali or Sanskrit words borrowed first into Khmer, then from Khmer into Thai) loanwords. Khmer and Khmero-Indic words were originally borrowed into Thai by an educated, Thai upper class, specifically kings and monks, in order to discuss Buddhism. When the need for honorific registers arose, the Thai people turned again to Khmer. Borrowing heavily from Khmer, the Thai constructed a royal vocabulary, a large lexicon of Khmer and Khmero-Indic words, appropriate for addressing the monarchy. At the same time, a clerical vocabulary emerged, much smaller but similar in function and origin to the royal vocabulary. The clerical vocabulary, also composed mainly of borrowings from Khmer, enabled the common people to communicate with and about monks. Lexical items from standard Thai, royal vocabulary, and clerical vocabulary are shown side by side in the table below:\n\nHonorific pronominals\n\nPersonal pronouns\nPersonal pronouns are the most numerous and complex of pronominal forms in Thai. Personal pronouns may make the following semantic distinctions:\nNumber: singular, plural, ambiguous\nPerson: first person, second person, third person, ambivalent\nGender\nPrimary distinctions are distinctions of gender that are inherent to pronouns: male, female\nSecondary distinctions are distinctions of gender that depend on the presence or absence of other semantic features like status, intimacy, or non-restraint: male orientation, female orientation, neutral orientation\nAge: absolute, relative\nSpeaker-addressee-referent relationship\nPrimary distinctions\nStatus-the status of the speaker relative to an addressee or referent. Status may be determined by relative age (elders have higher status), rank (king>royalty>monks>government and military>professionals>white collar>blue collar), or non-intimacy (strangers are treated as at least equals)\nIntimacy - the kind and degree of close, day-by-day association\nNon-restraint\nSecondary distinctions\nDeference\nPoliteness\nAssertiveness\n\nKinship terms\nKinship terms are used pronominally to elevate or demonstrate solidarity with an addressee. To address a listener as kin is, in effect, to confer the listener with the same status as the aforementioned kin. Generally, kinship terms contain both literal and displaced meanings. Kinship terms are considered literal in cases of blood kin, affinal kin, and teknonymy. They are considered displaced when used with kinlike individuals: intimate friends of kin or kin of intimate friends. When using kinship terms, age is critical. Speakers must estimate the age of an addressee to determine his or her generation and choose an appropriate kinship term. \nKinship terms commonly used as honorific pronominals are summarized in the table below. \n\nSpeakers may demonstrate additional respect by adding the polite title khun before any kinship term. Kinship terms are commonly followed by personal names or nicknames.\n\nStatus terms\nStatus terms denote referents in terms of occupation or status. While some status terms are used as first, second, or third person pronouns, others are restricted to second and third person only. Many pronominal status terms are preceded by titles. Status terms may also be used as titles before given names. A few status terms frequently used as pronominals are presented in the table below:\n\nNames\nIn Thai, a person's full name consists of a given name followed by a surname or family name. In addition, most individuals have a nickname. As pronominals, given names are used most frequently in second person form. Given names are often preceded by the courtesy title khun when addressing friends or acquaintances. Given names are sometimes truncated to convey mild informality. Nicknames, like given names, are used most often in second person. They generally do not take titles. Nicknames are a friendly, affectionate way to show intimacy between interlocuters.\n\nHonorific particles\nHonorific particles are added to the end of an utterance or clause to show respect to the addressee. Honorific particles may exhibit the following semantic distinctions:\nSex: male, female, neutral\nStatus: superior, equal, inferior\nSocial mood: a continuum ranging from formal at one end to extremely intimate at the other\nIllocutionary force: affirmative, imperative, interrogative\nPolite particles are not used in conjunction with honorific registers or in written language. Commonly used polite particles are summarized in the table below.\n\nHonorific titles\n\nThanphuying and khunying\nThanphuying () and khunying () were originally titles for wives of nobles of chaophraya and phraya rank, respectively. Today they are used as titles for married female recipients of the Order of Chula Chom Klao. Those of the rank Dame Grand Commander and above use the title thanphuying, while others use khunying. Unmarried recipients use the title khun, which is the same word as below.\n\nKhun (courtesy title) \nKhun (), a courtesy title pronounced with a middle tone, should not be confused with the noble title of khun (, pronounced in a rising tone). Today, this word is used informally to courteously address nearly anyone.\n\nReferences\n\nHonorifics by country\nThai language\nThai culture" ]

[ "Tlingit language", "Pronominals", "What is Pronomials in the language?", "The subject pronominals are incorporated into the verb in its subject slot.", "Are the verbs the same in english language?", "The object pronominals are also technically incorporated into the verb (i.e. the verb \"complex\"), but most are graphically independent.", "What area of he word teaches the pronominals?", "When analyzing a sentence, the pronominal type is given first, then the form (subject, object, independent) is given following a period." ]

[ "In linguistics and language technology, a language resource is a \"[composition] of linguistic material used in the construction, improvement and/or evaluation of language processing applications, (...) in language and language-mediated research studies and applications.\"\n\nAccording to Bird & Simons (2003), this includes\n\n data, i.e. \"any information that documents or describes a language, such as a published monograph, a computer data file, or even a shoebox full of handwritten index cards. The information could range in content from unanalyzed sound recordings to fully transcribed and annotated texts to a complete descriptive grammar\",\n tools, i.e., \"computational resources that facilitate creating, viewing, querying, or otherwise using language data\", and\n advice, i.e., \"any information about what data sources are reliable, what tools are appropriate in a given situation, what practices to follow when creating new data\". The latter aspect is usually referred to as \"best practices\" or \"(community) standards\".\n\nIn a narrower sense, language resource is specifically applied to resources that are available in digital form, and then, \"encompassing (a) data sets (textual, multimodal/multimedia and lexical data, grammars, language models, etc.) in machine readable form, and (b) tools/technologies/services used for their processing and management\".\n\nTypology \nAs of May 2020, no widely used standard typology of language resources has been established (current proposals include the LREMap, METASHARE, and, for data, the LLOD classification). Important classes of language resources include\n\n data\n lexical resources, e.g., machine-readable dictionaries,\n linguistic corpora, i.e., digital collections of natural language data,\n linguistic data bases such as the Cross-Linguistic Linked Data collection,\n tools\n linguistic annotations and tools for creating such annotations in a manual or semiautomated fashion (e.g., tools for annotating interlinear glossed text such as Toolbox and FLEx, or other language documentation tools),\n applications for search and retrieval over such data (corpus management systems), for automated annotation (part-of-speech tagging, syntactic parsing, semantic parsing, etc.),\n metadata and vocabularies\n vocabularies, repositories of linguistic terminology and language metadata, e.g., MetaShare (for language resource metadata), the ISO 12620 data category registry (for linguistic features, data structures and annotations within a language resource), or the Glottolog database (identifiers for language varieties and bibliographical database).\n\nLanguage resource publication, dissemination and creation \nA major concern of the language resource community has been to develop infrastructures and platforms to present, discuss and disseminate language resources. Selected contributions in this regard include:\n a series of International Conferences on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC),\n the European Language Resources Association (ELRA, EU-based), and the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC, US-based), which represent commercial hosting and dissemination platforms for language resources,\n the Open Languages Archives Community (OLAC), which provides and aggregates language resource metadata,\n the Language Resources and Evaluation Journal (LREJ),\n the European Language Grid is a European platform for language technologies (eg services), data and resources. \n\nAs for the development of standards and best practices for language resources, these are subject of several community groups and standardization efforts, including\n ISO Technical Committee 37: Terminology and other language and content resources (ISO/TC 37), developing standards for all aspects of language resources,\n W3C Community Group Best Practices for Multilingual Linked Open Data (BPMLOD), working on best practice recommendations for publishing language resources as Linked Data or in RDF,\n W3C Community Group Linked Data for Language Technology (LD4LT), working on linguistic annotations on the web and language resource metadata,\n W3C Community Group Ontology-Lexica (OntoLex), working on lexical resources,\n the Open Linguistics working group of the Open Knowledge Foundation, working on conventions for publishing and linking open language resources, developing the Linguistic Linked Open Data cloud,\n the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), working on XML-based specifications for language resources and digitally edited text.\n\nReferences \n\nNatural language processing\nComputational linguistics", "The EXtensible Cross-Linguistic Automatic Information Machine (EXCLAIM) was an integrated tool for cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), created at the University of California, Santa Cruz in early 2006, with some support for more than a dozen languages. The lead developers were Justin Nuger and Jesse Saba Kirchner.\n\nEarly work on CLIR depended on manually constructed parallel corpora for each pair of languages. This method is labor-intensive compared to parallel corpora created automatically. A more efficient way of finding data to train a CLIR system is to use matching pages on the web which are written in different languages.\n\nEXCLAIM capitalizes on the idea of latent parallel corpora on the web by automating the alignment of such corpora in various domains. The most significant of these is Wikipedia itself, which includes articles in 250 languages. The role of EXCLAIM is to use semantics and linguistic analytic tools to align the information in these Wikipedias so that they can be treated as parallel corpora. EXCLAIM is also extensible to incorporate information from many other sources, such as the Chinese Community Health Resource Center (CCHRC).\n\nOne of the main goals of the EXCLAIM project is to provide the kind of computational tools and CLIR tools for minority languages and endangered languages which are often available only for powerful or prosperous majority languages.\n\nCurrent status\n\nIn 2009, EXCLAIM was in a beta state, with varying degrees of functionality for different languages. Support for CLIR using the Wikipedia dataset and the most current version of EXCLAIM (v.0.5), including full UTF-8 support and Porter stemming for the English component, was available for the following twenty-three languages:\n\nSupport using the Wikipedia dataset and an earlier version of EXCLAIM (v.0.3) is available for the following languages:\n\nSignificant developments in the most recent version of EXCLAIM include support for Mandarin Chinese. By developing support for this language, EXCLAIM has added solutions to segmentation and encoding problems which will allow the system to be extended to many other languages written with non-European orthographic conventions. This support is supplied through the Trimming And Reformatting Modular System (TARMS) toolkit.\n\nFuture versions of EXCLAIM will extend the system to additional languages. Other goals include incorporation of available latent datasets in addition to the Wikipedia dataset.\n\nThe EXCLAIM development plan calls for an integrated CLIR instrument usable searching from English for information in any of the supported languages, or searching from any of the supported languages for information in English when EXCLAIM 1.0 is released. Future versions will allow searching from any supported language into any other, and searching from and into multiple languages.\n\nFurther applications\n\nEXCLAIM has been incorporated into several projects which rely on cross-language query expansion as part of their backends. One such project is a cross-linguistic readability software generation framework, detailed in work presented at ACL 2009.\n\nNotes and references\n\nExternal links\nEXCLAIM Website (dead link)\nSemantic Web Roadmap\nChinese Cultural Health Resource Center\nJustin Nuger's professional webpage\n\nInformation retrieval systems\nOnline databases" ]

[ "Lionel Barrymore", "Medical issues" ]

[ "Edmund F. Burton (1862 – October 25, 1921) was an American physician who left medicine for the study of Christian Science. He was licensed to practice in Illinois, Arizona, and California. While still practicing medicine, he was a member of the American Medical Association.\n\nCareer \nHe was a graduate of Rush Medical College in Chicago, Illinois, where he later taught. He was also on the surgical staff of Cook County Hospital. In 1896, he received the L. C. P. Freer Second Prize and wrote an article on tuberculosis for The Corpuscle, a publication of the Rush Medical College. Burton was a member of the American Medical Association, but resigned when he left medicine for Christian Science.\n\nFinding himself ill with tuberculosis of the lungs, Burton became unable to work. He moved to what he hoped was a more favorable climate in Arizona, where he recovered enough to work as assistant surgeon of the United States Marine Hospital Service. His physical condition continuing to deteriorate, he then moved to California In an attempt to mask the pain, Burton became addicted to morphine, then to cocaine, as he then sought to counteract the drowsiness caused by the morphine. Eventually Burton was unable to eat, suffered a breakdown and fell unconscious for over 48 hours. Some physicians who knew him, in consultation, pronounced him incurable and said he had three weeks to live. His wife attempted to have him admitted to a private sanitarium, but they declined because his condition was so bleak. Christian Science was recommended to him and Burton said that in his desperate situation, he tried it, although assuming it would be useless. He instead found himself healed, which he wrote in 1908, made him \"determined to find out what it was, although I had no thought at that time that it could take me out of my profession. ... Suffice it to say I did not find just what I expected, and many times I put Science and Health away with a feeling of impatience that the grain of truth which I felt must be there was obscured and buried by what seemed to me a mass of nonsense; but each time there would come back to me the fact that I was alive and well—better mentally than ever in my life—whereas there was the certainty from a medical point of view that I would have been dead and buried...\"\n\nPersonal \nBurton was married to Alberta Neiswanger Hall, a composer who wrote songs for children, including settings for L. Frank Baum's The Songs of Father Goose.\n\nSee also \n Walton Hubbard\n Jer Master\n John M. Tutt\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\"Christian Science: What It Has Done for the World\" (PDF) The Journal and Republican, Lowville, New York, p. 8. From the Pittsburgh Herald. (April 16, 1908) Retrieved May 7, 2013\nBurton, Edmund F. \"A House Divided Against Itself\" The Christian Science Journal Vol. 26, Issue 8 (November 1908). Retrieved May 6, 2013\nBurton, Alberta N. Testimony Christian Science Sentinel Vol. 36, Issue 46. (July 14, 1934). Retrieved May 6, 2013\nObituary listing ''The New York Times (October 27, 1921). Retrieved May 6, 2013\n\nAmerican surgeons\nConverts to Christian Science\nAmerican Christian Scientists\n1862 births\n1921 deaths", "Andrew Ernest Dossetor (died 5 December 2013), was a British general practitioner who was one of the volunteer London medical students from St Bartholomew's Hospital sent to assist at Belsen following its liberation by Brish troops in 1945. There, he became severely ill with typhus, delaying his return home. His case was discussed many years later in the House of Commons.\n\nSelected publications \n\n A Report on Otitis Externa. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, Volume 71, Issue 4 April 1957, pp. 271–275. \n \"A General Practice Merit Aware\". The Lancet Vol. 279, Issue 7241 (9 June 1962), p. 1238.\n\nSee also\nList of London medical students who assisted at Belsen\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE, 1 MARCH, 1949\n\n2013 deaths\n20th-century British medical doctors\nLondon medical students who assisted at Belsen\n1945 in medicine" ]

[ "Lionel Barrymore", "Medical issues", "What was his main medical issue?", "arthritis" ]

[ "The name Miriam has been used for eight tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.\n\nHurricane Miriam (1978), a Category 1 hurricane that threatened Hawaii but did not affect land.\nHurricane Miriam (1982), a Category 1 hurricane that did not affect land.\nTropical Storm Miriam (1988), continuation of Hurricane Joan which originally formed in the Atlantic Ocean and crossed into the Pacific.\nTropical Storm Miriam (1994), a short-lived storm that did not affect land.\nTropical Storm Miriam (2000), a short-lived storm that hit Baja California as a weak storm.\nTropical Storm Miriam (2006), a short-lived tropical storm that did not affect land.\nHurricane Miriam (2012), a Category 3 hurricane that did not affect land.\nHurricane Miriam (2018), a Category 2 hurricane that did not affect land.\n\nPacific hurricane disambiguation pages", "The name Marcia has been used for four tropical cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere.\n Tropical Cyclone Marcia (1974), did not affect land\n Tropical Cyclone Marcia (1989), did not affect land\n Tropical Cyclone Marcia (2000), did not affect land\n Cyclone Marcia, one of the most intense tropical cyclones making landfall over Queensland, Australia\n\nAustralian region cyclone disambiguation pages" ]

[ "Lionel Barrymore", "Medical issues", "What was his main medical issue?", "arthritis", "How did it affect him?", "confined Barrymore to a wheelchair." ]

[ "In English law and the canon law of the Church of England, a rebuke is a censure on a member of the clergy. It is the least severe censure available against clergy of the Church of England, less severe than a monition. A rebuke can be given in person by a bishop or by an ecclesiastical court.\n\nIn the Church of Scotland a rebuke was necessary for moral offenders to \"purge their scandal\". This involved standing or sitting before the congregation for up to three Sundays and enduring a rant by the minister. There was sometimes a special repentance stool near the pulpit for this purpose. In a few places the subject was expected to wear sackcloth. From the 1770s private rebukes were increasingly administered by the kirk session, particularly for men from the social elites, while until the 1820s the poor were almost always given a public rebuke.\n\nReproof was historically a censure available before culminating in a rebuke.\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\n \n\nChurch of England legislation\nEnglish law\nChurch of Scotland\nChurch order", "A Severe Cyclonic Storm is a category used by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to classify tropical cyclones, within the North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Within the basin, a severe cyclonic storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of between . The category was historically used to classify all tropical cyclones with winds above , however, it was bifurcated during 1988, when the IMD introduced a new category called Severe Cyclonic Storm with a core of hurricane winds. This new category was later further refined into Very Severe Cyclonic Storms, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storms and Super Cyclonic Storms during 1999 and 2015.\n\nBackground\nThe North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the north of the Equator, and encompasses the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. The basin is officially monitored by the India Meteorological Department's Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in New Delhi, however, other national meteorological services such as the Bangladesh and Pakistan Meteorological Department's also monitor the basin. \n\nThe Severe Cyclonic Storm category was historically used to classify all tropical cyclones with winds above , however, it was bifurcated during 1988, when the IMD introduced a new category called Severe Cyclonic Storm with a core of hurricane winds for all systems above . This new category was later further refined into Very Severe Cyclonic Storms, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storms and Super Cyclonic Storms during 1999 and 2015. As a result, Severe Cyclonic Storms are currently estimated, to have 3-minute sustained wind speeds of between .\n\nSystems\n\nClimatology\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nRSMC New Delhi\n\nSevere cyclonic storms\nNIO SCS" ]

[ "Lionel Barrymore", "Medical issues", "What was his main medical issue?", "arthritis", "How did it affect him?", "confined Barrymore to a wheelchair.", "Was it always severe?", "A history of Oscar-winning actors, however, says Barrymore was only suffering from arthritis, not crippled by it." ]

[ "Dieterich's disease, also known as avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head, is an extremely rare condition characterized by temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the metacarpal head of the metacarpal bone, resulting in loss of bone tissue. The five metacarpal bones are long bones located between the carpals of the wrist and phalanges of the fingers. Collectively, the metacarpals are referred to as the \"metacarpus.\"\n\nIn the case of Dieterich's disease, some but not all metacarpal heads are affected. Onset of this disease can be attributed to steroid usage, systemic lupus erythematosus, or trauma. In some cases, it is randomly-occurring.\n\nDieterich's disease can be diagnosed through medical screening or blood testing. Physicians may also diagnose Dieterich's disease by taking a history of the patient's symptoms.\n\nSome treatment options include medication, surgery, or therapy.\n\nSigns and symptoms \nEarly on, symptoms may not be noticeable. Patients may either be asymptomatic or may experience progressive joint collapse with increased pain and increasingly restricted range of motion.\n\nCause \nThe cause of Dieterich’s disease is still not fully understood. The disease can afflict patients of any age, but typically affects patients in their 30s. Though rare, it can also occur in children. Statistics show that generally more men are affected by Dieterich's than women in an estimated ratio of 3:2. The third (middle finger) metacarpal head has been reported to be the most common site of necrosis. Though osteonecrosis is a fairly common condition, many cases of avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head go without being diagnosed. This is because presentation of symptoms is variable depending on the patient. Sometimes, the patient may even choose to ignore their symptoms.\n\nOnset of Dieterich's disease can possibly be attributed to steroid usage, trauma, systemic lupus erythematosus, renal transplant, or scleroderma. It can also afflict patients living with congenital short digits or atypical anatomical epiphyseal blood supply. In some cases, however, Dieterich's disease can occur spontaneously.\n\nDiagnosis \nScans showing bone tissue will typically display flattening or collapse of the metacarpal head, or deterioration of cartilage in the joint.\n\nIn some cases, a physician may take a patient history and make a diagnosis based on a combination of medical imaging and symptom history.\n\nDieterich's disease can be characterized by swelling, which can be indicated by C-reactive protein (CRP) and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR), both of which can be shown in a blood investigation.\n\nTreatment \nNo single method of treatment has been determined as the optimal treatment yet, as each case is extremely variable.\n\nHistory\nThis condition was first described by German doctor H. Dieterich in 1932 in his journal entitled \"Die subchondrale Herderkrankung am Metacarpale iii,\" translating to mean \"The subchondral focal disease on metacarpal III,\" in English.\n\nCases\n\nUnnamed 54-year old female \nAn unnamed female was seen by Belgian doctors for a swollen, painful third metacarpophalangeal joint. According to the patient, these symptoms had persisted for 3 months with no previous recorded trauma. She had been taking large doses of cortisone to treat lung disease due to smoking. Though the patient could fully extend the joint, flexion was limited. Radiographs revealed deterioration of cartilage and collapse of the metacarpal head. The patient was unsuccessfully treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, then treated with removal of necrotic bone and bone grafting surgery with fair success.\n\nUnnamed 37-year old male \nA 37-year old male was seen by Chinese hand-surgery specialists for chronic dull pain in his right hand. Physical examination showed swelling in his third and fourth metacarpophalangeal joints, and there was significantly limited range of motion on the third metacarpophalangeal joint. Patient had no history of trauma, but may have been affected by his work as a mechanical laborer. He had been seen one year previously and magnetic resonance imaging revealed flattening of the fourth metacarpal head. The patient returned because of continued pain. The third metacarpal head was then treated through bone grafting. In a follow up, it was noted that pain and swelling had diminished and there was a noted improvement in range of motion of the third metacarpophalangeal joint.\n\nUnnamed 16-year old male \nA 16-year old teenage male was seen for sudden pain in his right metacarpophalangeal joints. Though there was no history of trauma, the patient was a manual laborer. Range of motion was slightly limited and joint was mildly swollen and tender when palpated. Patient was originally treated with splinting and ibuprofen, but this further worsened his condition. Patient was then treated with physical therapy, but symptoms persisted. Finally, patient was treated with bone grafting surgery and splinted for three weeks. After surgery followed by physical therapy, full range of motion was restored within eight weeks.\n\nUnnamed 36-year old male \nA 36-year old male electrician with no past history of trauma presented with a painful right middle finger metacarpophalangeal joint. Range of motion was not limited. The afflicted joint did not have any particular outwardly visible indicators of Dieterich's disease besides some crackling noises with movement. Patient would stretch his finger for temporary relief. In this case, though blood work and plain-film imaging did not show any abnormalities, an MRI showed avascular necrosis in the middle finger. The patient was successfully treated with physical therapy.\n\nUnnamed 68-year old woman \nA 68-year old woman was first seen with pain attributed to either inflammatory or septic arthritis. She had been receiving orthopedic treatment previously due to increasing pain. The afflicted metacarpal head of the ring finger showed limited range of movement and chronic swelling. Through laboratory testing and based on the evolution of the pain, it was determined to be Dieterich's disease. The patient was initially suggested surgical treatment, but she rejected surgery due to acceptable functional status of the joint.\n\nSee also \nAseptic necrosis\nAvascular necrosis\n\nReferences \n\nOsteonecrosis", "\"Taste the Pain\" is a song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers from the album Mother's Milk, and was the third and final single from that album. The music video was filmed with the band playing in an art room, where artists are in the middle of painting a mural artwork, directed by Tom Stern and Alex Winter.\n\nThe song was recorded prior to Chad Smith's joining the band; drums are played by Fishbone's Philip \"Fish\" Fisher and was the first song John Frusciante recorded with the band. When the song is played backwards, the voice heard at the start is Anthony Kiedis clearly singing the chorus. This song also features a trumpet solo by Flea. A slightly longer version of the song was featured on the soundtrack for the film Say Anything... starring Kiedis' girlfriend at the time, Ione Skye.\n\nThe single contained two original B-sides. \"Show Me Your Soul\" was recorded during the Mother's Milk sessions and was also later released as a single in 1990 when it was featured on the soundtrack for the film Pretty Woman. \"Millionaires Against Hunger\" was recorded during the 1985 Freaky Styley.\n\nThe single reached number twenty-nine in the UK—the highest position for the band up to that point.\n\nLive performances \nDespite being a popular single for the band, the song was only performed three times and hasn't been performed since 1989 during the Mother's Milk tour.\n\nTrack listing\n7\" radio promo single (1989)\n \"All for Love\" by Nancy Wilson\n \"Taste the Pain\" by Red Hot Chili Peppers\n\n\"Unbridled Funk and Roll 4 Your Soul!\" limited edition CD single (1989)\n\n \"Taste the Pain\" (album version)\n \"Millionaires Against Hunger\" \n \"Castles Made of Sand\" (live; unreleased)\n \"Higher Ground\" (Daddy-O Mix)\n\n1990 UK cassette single (1990)\n\"Taste the Pain\"\n\"Show Me Your Soul\"\n\n1990 UK CD single (1990)\n\"Taste the Pain\" (single version)\n\"Taste the Pain\" (LP version)\n\"Show Me Your Soul\" (unreleased)\n\"Nevermind\"\n\n12\" pop-out sleeve (1990)\n\"Taste the Pain\" (album version)\n\"Show Me Your Soul\" (unreleased)\n\"If You Want Me to Stay\"\n\"Nevermind\"\n\n7\" single (1990)\n\"Taste the Pain\" (album version)\n\"Show Me Your Soul\" (unreleased)\n\n7\" limited edition square disc single (1990)\n\"Taste the Pain\" (album version)\n\"Show Me Your Soul\" (unreleased)\n\"Castles Made of Sand\" (live; unreleased)\n\n7\" promo single (1990)\n\"Taste the Pain\" (album version)\n\"Castles Made of Sand\" (live; unreleased)\n\"Special Secret Song Inside\" (live; unreleased)\n\"F.U.\" (live; unreleased)\n\nCharts\n\nPersonnel\nRed Hot Chili Peppers\nAnthony Kiedis – lead vocals \nJohn Frusciante – guitar, backing vocals\nFlea – bass, trumpet, backing vocals\n\nAdditional musicians\nPhilip \"Fish\" Fisher – drums \nDave Coleman – cello\n\nReferences\n\nRed Hot Chili Peppers songs\n1989 singles\nSongs written by Flea (musician)\nSongs written by John Frusciante\nSongs written by Anthony Kiedis\n1989 songs\nEMI Records singles\nSong recordings produced by Michael Beinhorn\nMusic videos directed by Alex Winter\nMusic videos directed by Tom Stern" ]

[ "Gennady Golovkin", "Early career" ]

[ "Bildad ( Bildaḏ), the Shuhite, was one of Job's three friends who visited the patriarch in the Hebrew Bible's Book of Job. He was a descendant of Shuah, son of Abraham and Keturah (Genesis 25:1 - 25:2), whose family lived in the deserts of Arabia, or a resident of the district. In speaking with Job, his intent was consolation, but he became an accuser, asking Job what he has done to deserve God's wrath.\n\nSpeeches\nThe three speeches of Bildad are contained in Job 8, Job 18 and Job 25. In substance, they were largely an echo of what had been maintained by Eliphaz the Temanite, the first of Job's friends to speak, but charged with somewhat increased vehemence because he deemed Job's words so impious and wrathful. Bildad was the first to attribute Job's calamity to actual wickedness, albeit indirectly, by accusing his children (who were destroyed, Job 1:19) of sin to warrant their punishment (Job 8:4). His brief third speech, just five verses in length, marked the silencing of the friends.\n\nSee also \nEliphaz\nZophar\n Elihu\n Bildad is also the name of one of the owners of the Pequod in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nHebrew Bible people\nBook of Job", "Miguel Reveriego is a Spanish fashion photographer\n\nEarly life \nSince he was 8 years old Reveriego had been obsessed with pictures of models and was very into movies as well. It was his first communion when he asked his parents for a camera though, he was not conscious at that age of what he wanted to do, but wanted to be like the movie directors or the photographers and just wanted that instrument ‘they had’.\n\nPhotography career \nReveriego was in Madrid, assisting fashion photographers when Pop came out he became a fan of photographers Mert & Marcus, he wanted to go to London and ask for a job. It was very difficult since he didn't speak fluent English but after trying several times, going there over and over again, he got the job. Miguel met their first assistant at the moment and through her, he got an interview with them. At that time Mert & Marcus have just bought their house in Ibiza and they were looking for someone who could speak Spanish and it happened. What he attributes to that period of his career, it's how clear the concept of the woman was.\n\nReferences\n\nSpanish photographers\nFashion photographers\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Gennady Golovkin", "Early career", "What was their first job?", "Golovkin signed a professional deal with the Universum Box-Promotion (UBP) and made his professional debut" ]

[ "Matthew 12:38 is the 38th verse in the twelfth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament.\n\nContent\nIn the original Greek according to Westcott-Hort for this verse is:\nΤότε ἀπεκρίθησάν τινες τῶν γραμματέων καὶ Φαρισαίων, λέγοντες, Διδάσκαλε, θέλομεν ἀπὸ σοῦ σημεῖον ἰδεῖν. \n\nIn the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:\nThen certain of the scribes and of the Pharisees answered, saying, Master, we would see a sign from thee.\n\nThe New International Version translates the passage as:\nThen some of the Pharisees and teachers of the law said to him, \"Teacher, we want to see a miraculous sign from you.\"\n\nAnalysis\nNote Luke (11:16) includes, [a sign] from Heaven. The scribes and Pharisees mentioned here the ones which previously stated that Christ had cast out devils by the help of Beelzebub. Now they ask for a heavenly sign. According to Lapide the meaning of the scribes is as follows: \"O Christ, are in the earth and of the earth, but we wish to see celestial miracles in Heaven. For God, Whom You assert to be the Author of these miracles, dwells in Heaven. Cause, therefore, that fire may come down from Heaven, as Elijah did; or that the sky may flash with new and marvellous thunders and lightnings, as Samuel did (1 Sam. 7:10); or that the sun should stand still, as Joshua did.\"\n\nCommentary from the Church Fathers\nChrysostom: \" Because the Lord had so oft repressed the shameless tongue of the Pharisees by His sayings, they now turn to His works, whereat the Evangelist wondering, says, Then certain of the Scribes and Pharisees answered, saying, Master, we would see a sign of thee; and that at a time when they should have been moved, when they should have wondered, and been dumb with astonishment; yet even at such time they desist not from their malice. For they say, We would see a sign of thee, that they may take Him as in a snare.\"\n\nJerome: \"They require a sign of Him, as though what they had seen were not signs; and in another Evangelist what they required is more fully expressed, We would see of thee a sign from heaven. Either they would have fire from heaven as Elias did; or after the example of Samuel they would that in summer-time, contrary to the nature of the climate, thunder should be heard, lightnings gleam, and rain descend; as though they could not have spoken falsely even against such miracles, and said that they befel by reason of divers hidden motions in the air. For if thou cavillest against what thou not only beholdest with thine eyes, but feelest with thine hand, and reapest the benefit of, what wilt thou do in those things which come down from heaven. You might make answer, that in Egypt the magi also had given many signs from heaven.\"\n\nChrysostom: \"But their words are full of hypocrisy and irony. But now they were railing against Him, saying that He had a dæmon; now they fawn upon Him, calling Him, Master. Wherefore the Lord rebukes them severely; He answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign. When they railed on Him, He had answered them mildly; now they approached Him with smooth and deceitful words, He rebukes them sharply; showing that He was above either affection, and was neither moved to anger by evil speaking, nor was to be gained by flattery. What He says is this; What wonder that ye do thus to Me who am unknown to you, when you have done the same to the Father, of whom ye have had such large knowledge, in that, despising Him ye went after dæmons? He calls them an evil generation, because they have ever been ungrateful to their benefactors, and were made worse when they received benefits, which is the extreme of wickedness.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOther translations of Matthew 12:38 at BibleHub\n\n12:38", "Matthew 12:39 is the 39th verse in the twelfth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament.\n\nContent\nIn the original Greek according to Westcott-Hort for this verse is:\nὉ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς σημεῖον ἐπιζητεῖ· καὶ σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ, εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ τοῦ προφήτου. \n\nIn the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:\nBut he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas:\n\nThe New International Version translates the passage as:\nHe answered, \"A wicked and adulterous generation asks for a miraculous sign! But none will be given it except the sign of the prophet Jonah.\n\nAnalysis\nThe generation (Greek. γενεὰ, nation/race) of the time is called adulterous, that is, faithless and unbelieving. Lapide writes that this was perhaps because they left God and the faith and character of Abraham, Isaac and the rest of the Patriarchs. Since they all believed and testified of the Messiah, but these would not acknowledge Him when He was present.\n\nThe only sign Jesus promises is found in John 2, \"Destroy this temple, and I will raise it up; but He spoke of the temple of His body.\" The prophet Jonah is a clear prefigure of the Resurrection since he emerges from the belly of the whale after 3 days.\n\nCommentary from the Church Fathers\nJerome: \"Excellently is that said, and adulterous, seeing she has put away her husband, and, according to Ezekiel, has joined herself to many lovers.\"\n\nChrysostom: \"Which also proves Him to be equal to the Father, if not to believe in Him makes them adulterous.\"\n\nRabanus Maurus: \"Then He begins to answer them, giving them a sign not from heaven, which they were unworthy to see, but giving it them from the deep beneath. But to His own disciples He gave a sign from heaven, to whom He showed the glory of His blessed eternity both in a figure on the mount, and after in verity when He was taken up into heaven. Wherefore it follows, And there shall no sign he given it, but the sign of the Prophet Jonas.\"\n\nChrysostom: \"For the signs He wrought were not in order to move them, for He knew that they were hard as stone, but for the profit of others. Or because they had not received it when He had given them a sign such as they now desired. And a sign was given them, when by their own punishment they learned His power. This He alludes to when He says, No sign shall he given it. As much as to say; I have shown you many mercies; yet none of these has brought you to honour My power, which you will then know when you shall behold your city thrown down upon the ground in punishment. In the mean time He brings in a saying concerning the Resurrection which they should after understand by those things that they should suffer; saying, Except the sign of the Prophet Jonas. For verily His Cross would not have been believed, unless it had had signs to testify to it. But if that were not believed, truly the Resurrection would not have been believed. For this reason also He calls this a sign, and brings forward a figure thereof, that the verity itself may be believed. It follows, As Jonas was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale,\"\n\nRabanus Maurus: \"He shows that the Jews were as criminal as the Ninevites, and that unless they repented they would be destroyed. But like as punishment was denounced against the Ninevites, and at the same time a remedy was set before them, so neither should the Jews despair of pardon, if at least after Christ’s resurrection they should do penitence. For Jonas, that is The Dove, or The mourner, is a sign of Him on whom the Holy Spirit descended in the form of a Dove, and who bare our sorrows. (Is. 53:4) The fish which swallowed Jonas in the sea, shows forth the death which Christ suffered in the world. Three days and nights was the one in the whale’s belly, the other in the tomb; the one was cast up on dry laud, the other arose in glory.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOther translations of Matthew 12:39 at BibleHub\n\n12:39" ]

[ "Gennady Golovkin", "Early career", "What was their first job?", "Golovkin signed a professional deal with the Universum Box-Promotion (UBP) and made his professional debut", "When did they sign him?", "May 2006." ]

[ "This Is What Happens is an album by the New York band The Reign of Kindo. This album is also the last with piano/trumpet player Kelly Sciandra. The band also released an 8-bit digital version of This Is What Happens entitled This Is Also What Happens\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences \n\nThe Reign of Kindo albums\n2010 albums", "What Really Happens on the Gold Coast is an Australian reality documentary television series that airs on the Seven Network.\n\nThe series is the second spin-off of the 2014 program What Really Happens in Bali, following the 2015 series What Really Happens in Thailand, and is produced by the same production company McAvoy Media. The series will film Australian locals, workers and tourists in various locations on the Gold Coast, including nightclubs, hospitals and cosmetic surgery centres. It was filmed between November 2014 and January 2015, and will include scenes from Schoolies celebrations from 2014.\n\nBroadcast\nThe series debuted in Australia on the Seven Network on 3 February 2016.\n\nEpisodes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nSeven Network original programming\n2016 Australian television series debuts\nAustralian factual television series\nAustralian television spin-offs\nEnglish-language television shows\nTelevision shows set in Gold Coast, Queensland" ]

[ "Gennady Golovkin", "Early career", "What was their first job?", "Golovkin signed a professional deal with the Universum Box-Promotion (UBP) and made his professional debut", "When did they sign him?", "May 2006.", "What happens after he is signed?", "By the end of 2008, Golovkin's record stood at 14-0 (11 KO)" ]

[ "The following contains a list of trading losses of the equivalent of USD100 million or higher. Trading losses are the amount of principal losses in an account. Because of the secretive nature of many hedge funds and fund managers, some notable losses may never be reported to the public. The list is ordered by the real amount lost, starting with the greatest.\n\nThis list includes both fraudulent and non-fraudulent losses, but excludes those associated with Bernie Madoff's Ponzi scheme (estimated in the $50 billion range) as Madoff did not lose most of this money in trading.\n\nSee also \n Rogue trader\n Derivative (finance)\n Silver Thursday\n Sumitomo copper affair\n\nReferences \n\nLists by economic indicators\nStock market-related lists\n\nInternational trade-related lists", "The 1971 Oakland Athletics season involved the A's finishing first in the American League West with a record of 101 wins and 60 losses. In their first postseason appearance of any kind since 1931, the A's were swept in three games by the Baltimore Orioles in the American League Championship Series.\n\nOffseason\n January 13, 1971: 1971 Major League Baseball Draft (January Draft) notable picks:\nRound 5: Rich Dauer (did not sign) \nSecondary Phase\nRound 1: Phil Garner\nRound 3: Steve Staggs (did not sign)\n\nRegular season \nVida Blue became the first black player in the history of the American League to win the American League Cy Young Award. He was also the youngest AL player in the 20th century to win the MVP Award. During the year, Vida Blue was on the cover of Sports Illustrated and Time magazine.\n\nSeason standings\n\nRecord vs. opponents\n\nOpening Day starters \n 1B Don Mincher\n 2B Dick Green\n 3B Sal Bando\n SS Bert Campaneris\n LF Felipe Alou\n CF Rick Monday\n RF Reggie Jackson\n C Dave Duncan\n P Vida Blue\n\nNotable transactions \n May 8, 1971: Frank Fernández, Don Mincher, Paul Lindblad, and cash were traded by the Athletics to the Washington Senators for Darold Knowles and Mike Epstein.\n May 26, 1971: Rob Gardner was traded by the Athletics to the New York Yankees for Curt Blefary.\n June 12, 1971: Champ Summers was signed by the Athletics as an amateur free agent.\n\nRoster\n\nPlayer stats\n\nBatting\n\nStarters by position \nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\n\nOther batters \nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\n\nPitching\n\nStarting pitchers \nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\n\nOther pitchers \nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\n\nRelief pitchers \nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\n\nAwards and honors \n Vida Blue, P, American League Cy Young Award\n Vida Blue, P, American League Most Valuable Player Award. Sal Bando, second in American League MVP voting\n Dick Williams, Associated Press AL Manager of the Year\n\nAll-Stars \n1971 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\n Vida Blue, pitcher, starter\n Dave Duncan, reserve\n Reggie Jackson, reserve\n\n1971 American League Championship Series\n\nGame 1 \nSunday, October 3, 1971, at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland\n\nGame 2 \nMonday, October 4, 1971, at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland\n\nGame 3 \nTuesday, October 5, 1971, at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum in Oakland, California\n\nFarm system\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n1971 Oakland Athletics team page at Baseball Reference\n1971 Oakland Athletics team page at www.baseball-almanac.com\n\nOakland Athletics seasons\nOakland Athletics season\nAmerican League West champion seasons\nOakland Athletics" ]

[ "Gennady Golovkin", "Early career", "What was their first job?", "Golovkin signed a professional deal with the Universum Box-Promotion (UBP) and made his professional debut", "When did they sign him?", "May 2006.", "What happens after he is signed?", "By the end of 2008, Golovkin's record stood at 14-0 (11 KO)", "did he have any notable losses?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Herbert Seidman (17 October 1920 – 30 August 1995) was a U.S. Senior Master of chess born in New York City. He played several times in the U.S. Chess Championship. He was known for his swashbuckling-style. He defeated many notable players, including Pal Benko, Arthur Bisguier, Donald Byrne, Arnold Denker, William Lombardy, Edmar Mednis, Samuel Reshevsky, and Jan Timman.\n\nIn 1961, Seidman won the most games of any player in the U.S. Championship, but did not win the tournament.\n\nHe played on board eight in the famous USA vs USSR radio match in September 1945, losing both games to Viacheslav Ragozin.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1920 births\n1995 deaths\n20th-century American Jews\nAmerican chess players\nJewish chess players\nSportspeople from New York City\n20th-century chess players", "Straw Bear (foaled 2001) is an American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. He was trained in England throughout his career and was notable for his performances in hurdle races. He won two Grade I events, the Fighting Fifth Hurdle and the Christmas Hurdle.\n\nStraw Bear was bred in Kentucky. He was sired by Diesis out of the mare, Highland Ceilidh. He is owned by John P. McManus, trained by Nick Gifford, and his primary jockey has been Tony McCoy.\n\nRacing career\n\nFlat racing\nStraw Bear started racing as a two-year-old in June 2003. He won his first race, the Ladbrokes Novice Auction Stakes (a Class F race) in September 2006 at Wolverhampton Racecourse in Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England.\n\nHurdle racing\nHis first notable win came in April 2006 at Aintree Racecourse in Aintree, Liverpool, England where he won the John Smith's Imagine Appeal Top Novices' Hurdle, a Grade 2 National Hunt race. Straw Bear’s first major win came in November 2006. With jockey Tony McCoy at the helm, he went on to win the 2006 Fighting Fifth Hurdle at Newcastle Racecourse in Newcastle, England where he beat Noble Request.\n\nStraw Bear’s other major Grade 1 National Hunt win came in the Christmas Hurdle in December 2007 at Kempton Park Racecourse in Surrey, England. Straw Bear narrowly beat out Harchibald for the victory. Afterward, McCoy spoke of the tough victory for Straw Bear: Harchibald is a very good horse and the plan was to have a little bit to battle with at the finish. We did have a bit left for a battle and mine's a good horse too and deserved to win a good race.\n\nSteeplechasing\nStraw Bear was raced over fences from 2008 but had little success. As of December 2011, he has failed to win in nine steeplechases.\n\nReferences\n\n2001 racehorse births\nRacehorses bred in Kentucky\n Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom\nThoroughbred family 10-c\nNational Hunt racehorses\n\nja:ウェルアームド" ]

[ "Dinesh D'Souza", "America: Imagine the World Without Her" ]

[ ", also known as just , is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the comedy manga series Yotsuba&!, as well as the one-shot manga \"Try! Try! Try!\", both by Kiyohiko Azuma. As the title character of the series and almost every chapter, Yotsuba is usually the focus of each episode; most stories revolve around her meeting, and often childishly misunderstanding, a new concept or activity indicated in the chapter title. She is noted for her childish energy, unusual naïveté, and iconic appearance.\n\nDevelopment \n \n\nYotsuba first appeared in a one-shot manga published in 1998 and two webcomics called \"Try! Try! Try!\", where she appears very similar as she does in Yotsuba&!; for example, Yotsuba has the same personality and a very similar chibi design.\n\nAppearance and personality \n\nYotsuba is drawn as a small girl with green hair done in four pigtails, giving her somewhat the appearance of her namesake, a . She has a carefree and energetic personality, taking delight in simple matters even as she learns about all manner of things in her daily life. In Japanese, Yotsuba's dialogue is written without kanji, making it seem simpler and more childlike, and in a typeface that gives the impression of speaking with high intensity. Her energy is noted by other characters, especially members of the neighboring Ayase family. Her father says of her carefree nature, \"She can find happiness in anything. Nothing in this world can get her down.\" However, when deeply frightened or upset, she does cry, and she has a fear of anything resembling a bullseye because it resembles an eye that \"is staring at her\".\n\nAt the start of the series, Yotsuba is shown as having very little knowledge of the world around her, even for a young child. Things such as swings, doorbells, cicadas, air conditioners, and recycling all fascinate and confuse her, although she is not perturbed by her ignorance. She occasionally mispronounces new words and creates neologisms, such as the name for her a portmanteau of \"Yotsuba's Box\" that she uses to keep special things and her \"scapbuk\" (scrapbook). She often repeats, in incongruous ways, phrases spoken by adult characters around her without fully knowing the meaning, so she sometimes says vulgar words. A famous example of this is when Yotsuba learned the phrase \"what the hell, man!” from her father's friend Takeshi Takeda, who Yostuba calls Jumbo. Yotsuba is able to slowly sound out writing in hiragana, and is praised for this by Jumbo, but she cannot correctly read a clock. She is frequently shown drawing, though she is not as good an artist as she thinks she is, and she is an excellent swimmer.\n\nThe series provides few details about her life before its start. She is an adopted child, with her birthplace unknown to the reader, although she claims she's from an island \"to the left.\" Koiwai, Yotsuba's adopted father, says he met her as an orphan in a foreign country and before he knew it he was raising her as his own; she is sometimes taken for a foreigner by strangers. When asked about her mother, she doesn't understand the question, and she gets confused by the concept of having two sets of grandparents. Before moving to her current home, Yotsuba lived in the country with Koiwai and his mother. She initially claims she is six years old, but her father later corrects this, saying she is in fact five years old.\n\nYotsuba has never attended school, and as of the first chapter does not know what a grade is. In volume 6, chapter 35, she fails to understand repeated explanations of homework.\n\nReception \n\nThe character of Yotsuba is cited by reviewers as one of the key appeals of Yotsuba&!, especially her energy, enthusiasm, and sense of wonder. For example, one wrote, \"Yotsuba’s wide-eyed awe at each discovery, from the idea of a milkman to learning how to catch fish, is both inspiring and infectious. You want to see what happens next, because she continually comes across as genuine without turning into cloying.\" A reviewer at Anime News Network wrote, \"What is really special about Yotsuba, though, is that newness with which she, as a child, sees the world. That the manga allows us to glimpse the world through those same eager eyes is what gives it appeal far beyond its humor.\" Johanna Draper Carlson, long-time comics reviewer for Publishers Weekly, said that \"Yotsuba is a sponge of a character, with infinite possibility as she learns about life. Watching her do so is both fun and funny, and the way she finds enjoyment in everything is inspirational. It creates an infectious feeling of shared joy in the reader.\" Another claimed that \"Yotsuba Koiwai's adventures are ... a lucid and charming look at the world through a child's eyes, as she gets into scrapes that remind us all of our own childhoods (if only through manga-tinted glasses).\"\n\nReviewers often describe Azuma's depiction of her as realistic, especially compared to depictions of children in other manga and anime. One review claimed that \"Yotsuba in particular is amusing, because she acts and speaks with that peculiar mix of honesty, immediacy, and childish logic that only young children seem to possess ... Yotsuba isn't a silent, simpering sweetie-pie, she acts like a real five-year-old.\" On the other hand, Tom Spurgeon claimed Yotsuba is \"an idealized kid of that early age, retaining a wide-eye wonder and furious energy, minus the things that crop up at that age like cruelty and deception\" and a reviewer in Newtype USA said that \"Her hijinks are sweetly innocent, like a cuter, more naïve version of Dennis the Menace minus the 'menace'.\"\n\nIn other media \nThe popular English-language imageboard 4chan, which is known in Japanese as \"Yotsuba Channel\", adopted Yotsuba Koiwai as an unofficial mascot: the site logo and icon at one point consisted of four leaves positioned identically to her distinctive four green pigtails, and she appears in the HTTP 404 message (leading to the nickname of \"404 Girl\"), banned user messages, banner ads, and logos. The software the site runs on is code-named Yotsuba.\nIn the Korean MMORPG MapleStory, Yotsuba's hairstyle can be obtained in a salon located in a town called Zipangu (an archaic name for Japan).\nShe appears on the ending part of the spin-off anime series Nyanbo!, based on the Danbo character that appears in two chapters of the Yotsuba&! manga.\nIn the anime series Eromanga Sensei, she is seen within the background alongside a Danbo.\n\nReferences \n\nAdoptee characters in anime and manga\nChild characters in anime and manga\nFemale characters in anime and manga\nFictional Japanese people in anime and manga\nOrphan characters in anime and manga\nYotsuba&!\n4chan", "Fraud in the factum is a type of fraud where misrepresentation causes one to enter a transaction without accurately realizing the risks, duties, or obligations incurred. This can be when the maker or drawer of a negotiable instrument, such as a promissory note or check, is induced to sign the instrument without a reasonable opportunity to learn of its fraudulent character or essential terms. Determination of whether an act constitutes fraud in the factum depends upon consideration of \"all relevant factors\". Fraud in the factum usually voids the instrument under state law and is a real defense against even a holder in due course.\n\nContrast this with the situation where a trusted employee signs a check without permission. The employer must still honor the check despite the fact that the check was a fraudulent negotiable instrument. Here, the employer had a reasonable opportunity to avoid the obligation by restricting access to the checks.\n\nFraud in the factum is often contrasted with fraud in the inducement.\n\n Fraud in the factum is a legal defense, and occurs where A makes/signs an agreement, but either does not realize that it is supposed to be a contract, or does not understand the nature/content of the agreement, because of some false information that B gave to A. For example, suppose John tells his mother that he is taking a college course on Handwriting Analysis, and for his homework he needs her to read and sign a pretend deed. If Mom signs the deed believing what he told her, and John tries to enforce the deed, Mom can plead \"fraud in the factum\".\n Fraud in the inducement is an equitable defense, and occurs when A enters into an agreement, knowing that it is supposed to be a contract and (at least having a rough idea) what the agreement is about, but the reason A signed/made the agreement was because of some false information that B gave to A. For example, suppose John tells his mother to sign a deed giving him her property, Mom refuses at first, but then John falsely tells her that the bank will foreclose on the property unless she signs it over to him. If Mom signs the deed because of this statement from John, and John tries to enforce the deed, Mom can plead \"fraud in the inducement\".\n\nSee also\n As is\n Extrinsic fraud\n Fraud\n Intrinsic fraud\n Per minas\n\nReferences\n\nNegotiable instrument law\nFraud" ]

[ "Dinesh D'Souza", "America: Imagine the World Without Her", "What is an example of the world without her?", "In March 2013, D'Souza announced work on a documentary film titled America: Imagine the World Without Her for release in 2014." ]

[ "Global information system is an information system which is developed and / or used in a global context. Some examples of GIS are SAP, The Global Learning Objects Brokered Exchange and other systems.\n\nDefinition \nThere are a variety of definitions and understandings of a global information system (GIS, GLIS), such as\n\n A global information system (GIS) is an information system which is developed and / or used in a global context.\n A global information system (GIS) is any information system which attempts to deliver the totality of measurable data worldwide within a defined context.\n\nCommon to this class of information systems is that the context is a global setting, either for its use or development process. This means that it highly relates to distributed systems / distributed computing where the distribution is global. The term also incorporates aspects of global software development and there outsourcing (when the outsourcing locations are globally distributed) and offshoring aspects. A specific aspect of global information systems is the case (domain) of global software development. A main research aspect in this field concerns the coordination of and collaboration between virtual teams. Further important aspects are the internationalization and language localization of system components.\n\nTasks in designing global information systems \nCritical tasks in designing global information systems are \n Process and system design: How are the processes between distributed actors organized, how are the systems distributed / integrated.\n Technical architecture: What is the technical infrastructure enabling actors to collaborate?\n Support mechanisms: How are actors in the process of communication, collaboration, and cooperation supported?\n\nA variety of examples can be given. Basically every multi-lingual website can be seen as a global information system. However, mostly the term GLIS is used to refer to a specific system developed or used in a global context.\n\nExamples \nSpecific examples are \n Systems developed for multinational users, e.g., SAP as a global ERP system\n Global Information Systems for Education: The Global Learning Objects Brokered Exchange\n For the specific case of data integration : http://data.un.org, https://web.archive.org/web/20190825060649/http://www.internettrafficreport.com/, http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.html\n\nMore information / courses \n Global Information Systems at the University of Jyväskylä\n Resources on Global Information Technology at AIS World\n\nReferences \n\nInformation\nInformation systems", "In literature, the competent man is a stock character who exhibits a very wide range of abilities and knowledge, making him a form of polymath. While not the first to use such a character type, the heroes and heroines of Robert A. Heinlein's fiction (with Jubal Harshaw being a prime example) generally have a wide range of abilities, and one of Heinlein's characters, Lazarus Long, gives a wide summary of requirements:\n\nThe competent man, more often than not, is written without explaining how he achieved his wide range of skills and abilities. When such characters are young, there is often not much explanation as to how they acquired so many skills at an early age.\n\nExamples\nExamples of early modern competent heroes include the protagonists of George Bernard Shaw, like Henry Higgins in Pygmalion and Caesar in Caesar and Cleopatra, as well as the citizen soldiers in Rudyard Kipling's \"The Army of a Dream\".\n \nMany non-superpowered comic book characters are written as hyper-competent characters due to the perception that they would simply be considered underpowered otherwise. Batman, for example, is typically depicted as a member of the Justice League of America alongside Superman, Wonder Woman, and Green Lantern, all of whom are superpowered while he lacks superhuman powers of any kind. As a result, despite his original depiction as a vigilante, modern depictions of Batman portray him as having achieved the peak-human possibility in things physical and intellectual. The same treatment has been applied to Lex Luthor, who has always been Superman's archenemy despite the former's total lack of superhuman powers.\n\nSee also\n Mary Sue\n Jack of all trades, master of none\n Polymath\n\nReferences\n\nGiftedness\nHeroes" ]

[ "Dinesh D'Souza", "America: Imagine the World Without Her", "What is an example of the world without her?", "In March 2013, D'Souza announced work on a documentary film titled America: Imagine the World Without Her for release in 2014.", "Are there specific examples of how America would be without her?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Dinesh (Devanagari: ) is a common Hindu male given name. The Sanskrit word is a compound of 'day' and 'lord', meaning 'day-lord', an epithet of the Sun. Notable people with the name include:\n Dinesh, Indian film actor\n Dinesh Baboo, Indian film director, cinematographer, producer, actor and screenwriter\n Dinesh Chand, Fijian golfer\nDinesh Chandimal, Sri Lankan cricketer\n Dinesh Chandra Sen, Indian researcher on Bengali folklore\n Dinesh D'Souza, Indian-American political commentator\n Dinesh Gunawardena, Sri Lankan politician\n Dinesh Gupta, Indian freedom fighter and revolutionary\n Dinesh Karthik, Indian cricketer\n Dinesh Kumar, Indian choreographer\n Dinesh Lamba, Indian actor\n Dinesh Mongia, Indian cricketer\n Dinesh Nandan Sahay, Indian governor\n Dinesh Nayak, Indian Hockey player\n Dinesh Patel, Indian professional baseball player\n Dinesh Prasad Singh, Indian politician\n Dinesh Singh, Indian politician\n Dinesh Singh, Punjab politician\nDinesh Subasinghe, Sri Lankan composer, violinist and music producer\nDinesh Kumar, lndian, Coimbatore Paint Mixer and Coming \nDirector, Tamil Film Industry and\nHollywood Director\n\nReferences \n\nIndian masculine given names", "Trump Card is a 2020 American political documentary film produced, co-written, and co-directed by right-wing political commentator, filmmaker, and conspiracy theorist Dinesh D'Souza. The film is intended to focus on \"the corruption and gangsterization of socialism in the Democratic Party as embodied by the two remaining presidential candidates, Bernie Sanders and Joe Biden.\" It was originally scheduled to be theatrically released on August 7, 2020, but was later delayed to a digital distribution on October 9, 2020.\n\nPremise \nD'Souza described the film as \"an exposé of the socialism, corruption and gangsterization that now define the Democratic Party. Whether it is the creeping socialism of Joe Biden or the overt socialism of Bernie Sanders, the film reveals what is unique about modern socialism, who is behind it, why he says it's evil, and how we can work together with President Trump to stop it.\"\n\nRelease \nThe film was initially set to be released by Cloudburst Entertainment in the United States on August 7, 2020, two weeks before the 2020 Republican National Convention. It was later delayed due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic keeping most domestic theaters closed, and was rescheduled for a digital release sometime in September. D'Souza later announced the film would be made available via DVD and video-on-demand on October 9, 2020.\n\nReception\n\nVOD rentals \nIn its debut weekend, Trump Card was the top-rented film on Apple TV and Google Play and second on FandangoNow. In its second weekend, it remained first at Google Play, while finishing second at Apple TV and third on Fandango. By its third week it placed fifth at Fandango, second at GooglePlay, and eighth at Apple TV.\n\nCritical response \nWriting for The A.V. Club, Vadim Rizov gave the film a grade of \"F\", saying: \"By this point, D'Souza is unconvincingly frothing on the soundtrack about how 'the socialist left and the Democrats want to make us grovel' and 'make us worms,' but the whole premise is, predictably, a radical, cynical misunderstanding of Orwell.\" Mike McGranaghan of The Aisle Seat gave the film one out of four stars and wrote: \"D'Souza is merely preaching to the choir. Any possibility of convincing moderate or liberal viewers is pretty much zero, thanks to unreliable commentators and manipulation of basic facts.\"\n\nHunter Biden controversy \n\nA centerpiece of the film is the promotion of theories involving Joe Biden's son, Hunter, and the idea that he was involved in illegal activity while his father was Vice President. One example is when D'Souza describes the idea of impropriety in regard to a supposed payment of $3.5 million to Hunter Biden from the wife of the mayor of Moscow. This accusation, referenced repeatedly by Donald Trump in the first 2020 presidential election debate, has not been substantiated.\n\nThe accusation of impropriety with Moscow, before the release of Trump Card, came to prominence through an investigation of the Biden family by Senate Republicans. Though the Senate report argued a possibility of criminal activity, and was attacked as politically motivated and flawed by figures including Mitt Romney, no concrete criminal evidence manifested against Hunter Biden or his father.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\n2020 films\nAmerican films\nEnglish-language films\n2020 documentary films\nAmerican documentary films\nFilms directed by Dinesh D'Souza\nFilms not released in theaters due to the COVID-19 pandemic\nFilms produced by Dinesh D'Souza\nFilms with screenplays by Dinesh D'Souza\nDocumentary films about American politics\nDocumentary films about elections in the United States" ]

[ "Dinesh D'Souza", "America: Imagine the World Without Her", "What is an example of the world without her?", "In March 2013, D'Souza announced work on a documentary film titled America: Imagine the World Without Her for release in 2014.", "Are there specific examples of how America would be without her?", "I don't know.", "Who is Dinesh D'Souza?", "D'Souza announced work on a documentary film titled America: Imagine the World Without Her for release in 2014." ]

[ "Vito is a 2011 American documentary film produced and directed by Jeffrey Schwarz of the Los Angeles-based production company Automat Pictures. The film documents the life of Vito Russo, gay activist, film scholar, and author of The Celluloid Closet.\n\nVito premiered at the 2011 New York Film Festival, went on to screen within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival, and made its television debut on HBO in July 2012. The DVD was released by First Run Features in April 2013.\n\nCast\n\nDevelopment and released \nThe film, executive produced by Bryan Singer and produced for HBO Documentary Films, premiered at the 2011 New York Film Festival and made its television debut on HBO in July 2012. It received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Research at the 2013 News and Documentary Emmy Awards, as well as a GLAAD Media Award nomination for Outstanding Documentary. Critically well-received, Vito was hailed by Time Magazine as a document that shows how civil rights and entertainment are \"deeply connected.\" Based on rejuvenated interest in Russo's life and work, Schwarz edited two volumes of Russo's writing entitled Out Spoken: A Vito Russo Reader.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n2011 films\n2011 documentary films\n2011 LGBT-related films\nAmerican films\nAmerican documentary films\nAmerican LGBT-related films\nDocumentary films about LGBT film\nDocumentary films about the cinema of the United States\nFilms directed by Jeffrey Schwarz\nFilms produced by Bryan Singer\nDocumentary films about LGBT topics", "Do You Speak American? is a documentary film and accompanying book about journalist Robert MacNeil's investigation into how different people throughout the United States of America speak. The book and documentary look at the evolution of America's way of speaking from the English language to various ways of speaking in regions throughout the country. Divisions of ethnicity, geography and social status and how they affect how Americans communicate are addressed. As part of the project, MacNeil traveled across the country conducting interviews with ordinary people as well as experts such as William Labov.\n\nIn the United States, the documentary was broadcast in several parts on PBS. The companion book () was co-authored by MacNeil and William Cran.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial site on PBS\n\nPBS original programming\nAmerican documentary television films\nWorks about American English\nDocumentary films about words and language\nDocumentary films about the United States\n2005 films" ]

[ "Dinesh D'Souza", "America: Imagine the World Without Her", "What is an example of the world without her?", "In March 2013, D'Souza announced work on a documentary film titled America: Imagine the World Without Her for release in 2014.", "Are there specific examples of how America would be without her?", "I don't know.", "Who is Dinesh D'Souza?", "D'Souza announced work on a documentary film titled America: Imagine the World Without Her for release in 2014.", "How well was the documentary received?", "The film review website Metacritic surveyed 11 movie critics and assessed 10 reviews as negative and 1 as mixed, with none being positive." ]

[ "It Was a Wonderful Life is a 1993 documentary film about homeless women in the United States. It won the Gold Award at the WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival. It was also nominated for an award by the International Documentary Association and for Best Documentary at the Hawaii International Film Festival.\n\nThe film follows six homeless women who were once part of the middle class and explores what caused them to become homeless. It was narrated by Jodie Foster.\n\nThe film was produced by Michèle Ohayon and Tamar E. Glaser, a descendant of \"The Glaser-Kochavi family\", a prominent business family located in Israel and the United States.\n\nLou Hall, one of the homeless women in the film, took her own life on November 7, 1992.\n\nExternal links \n \n\n1993 films\nAmerican documentary films\nAmerican films\n1993 documentary films\nDocumentary films about homelessness in the United States\nDocumentary films about women\nFilms about women in the United States", "Protected is a 1975 documentary film, narrated by Don Brady and Sydney-born producer Robert Hughes. The film was directed by Alessandro Cavadini. It was an exposé of the ill-treatment of Aboriginal workers by white men. The details of what life was like for Aboriginal Australians on Palm Island became more widely known when Alessandro Cavadini and Carolyn Strachan recreated the strike in 1957 by hundreds of the Island's residents even though there was huge resistance from local authorities.\n\nSome 22 years later in 2007, Aboriginal activist, and convicted Palm Island rioter Lex Wotton presented a screening of the film to the Film Fanatics Society at Petersham Bowling Club. He recalled watching the film as a schoolboy and seeing his father on film. He said that screening opened his eyes to the way \"things were different on Palm\". He also said \"There are numerous things that people haven't documented but this [film] was one thing that brought what was happening to the indigenous people to the attention of the wider community.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nAustralia: Palm Island’s Dark History of Aboriginal Repression\n\n1975 films\nAustralian documentary films\nAustralian films\nEnglish-language films\nAustralian independent films\nDocumentary films about Aboriginal Australians\nIndigenous Australian mass media\n1975 documentary films\nDocumentary films about indigenous rights\nDocumentary films about the labor movement\n1975 independent films" ]

[ "Dinesh D'Souza", "America: Imagine the World Without Her", "What is an example of the world without her?", "In March 2013, D'Souza announced work on a documentary film titled America: Imagine the World Without Her for release in 2014.", "Are there specific examples of how America would be without her?", "I don't know.", "Who is Dinesh D'Souza?", "D'Souza announced work on a documentary film titled America: Imagine the World Without Her for release in 2014.", "How well was the documentary received?", "The film review website Metacritic surveyed 11 movie critics and assessed 10 reviews as negative and 1 as mixed, with none being positive.", "What was the documentary about?", "John Fund of National Review said the documentary was a response to U.S. progressive critique of the country," ]

[ "Jennifer Collene Rubin is an American actress, former model and currently working as a writer/producer/director. A competitive swimmer during her youth, Rubin was discovered by the Ford Modeling Agency and went on to model for Calvin Klein and became Ford International Model of the Year in 1984. She made her film debut as Taryn White in the 1987 horror film A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors and has since starred in a variety of films including Andrew Fleming's Bad Dreams (1988), Marisa Silver's Permanent Record (1988), Oliver Stone's The Doors (1991), Alan Shapiro's The Crush (1993), Louis Venosta's The Coriolis Effect (1994), Christian Duguay's Screamers (1995), and the 2001 Dogme 95 inspired film Reunion. Outside of film, Rubin has guest starred on a variety of television series such as The Twilight Zone (1987) and Tales from the Crypt (1992). In 2010, Rubin appeared as herself in the documentary Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy and has since been also working as a writer, producer & director on her original screenplays.\n\nCareer\nRubin was born and raised in Phoenix, Arizona. After graduating from high school, she attended the University of Arizona, where she entered a modeling competition on the university's campus. Rubin dropped out of college and relocated to New York City to pursue modeling full-time. After beginning her modeling career, Rubin was named the Ford International Model of the Year in 1984. She was the original model for Calvin Klein Obsession ads and also modeled in Vogue.\n\nRubin's first acting role was as Taryn White in the 1987 fantasy horror film A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors. The film earned over $44 million at the American box office. Rubin later guest starred on an episode of the television series The Twilight Zone as Amy Hawkline. In 1988, Rubin starred in the horror film Bad Dreams, the drama film Permanent Record, and the coming of age film Blueberry Hill. The following year, Rubin portrayed Claire in an episode of the television series Miami Vice. In 1990, Rubin starred in the comedy film Too Much Sun.\n\nIn 1991, she portrayed socialite Edie Sedgwick in Oliver Stone's biopic The Doors. In preparing for the role, Rubin met with Bob Dylan, who had had a relationship with Sedgwick. The same year, Rubin starred in the crime drama Delusion, and the television film Drop Dead Gorgeous.\n\nIn 1992, Rubin starred in the drama A Woman, Her Men, and Her Futon and the television film The Fear Inside. The same year, she guest starred on Tales from the Crypt. In 1993, Rubin portrayed Amy Maddik in the thriller The Crush opposite Alicia Silverstone and Cary Elwes, and she starred in Bitter Harvest and the television film Full Eclipse.\n\nIn 1994, Rubin was cast in the films Saints and Sinners, Gospel According to Harry, Playmaker, Red Scorpion 2, and Stranger by Night. The same year, Rubin starred alongside Dana Ashbrook and Quentin Tarantino in the short film The Coriolis Effect. In 1995, Rubin starred in the horror film Screamers and the drama film Deceptions II: Edge of Deception.\n\nRubin has produced - and starred in - the film, Road Kill (1999), and appeared in popular TV series including The Twilight Zone (1985) and Tales from the Crypt (1992). Rubin starred as the main character Janice Starlin in The Wasp Woman (1995). In 1997, Rubin starred in the films Twists of Terror and Plump Fiction and guest starred on an episode of The Outer Limits. In 1999, Rubin portrayed Tina in the film Deal of a Lifetime.\n\nIn the 2000s, Rubin was cast in roles of Sara in Bel Air, Sharon Williams in Falcon Down, Dorothy Smith in Sanctimony, and Carla Nash in Fatal Conflict. In 2001, Rubin portrayed Dr. Valdes in Cruel Game, Jeanie in Reunion, and Ione in Amazons and Gladiators. The same year, she starred in the television film Lawless: Beyond Justice. In 2006, Rubin starred in the television film Dreamweaver. In 2009, Rubin starred in the film Transmorphers: Fall of Man. The following year, Rubin appeared in the documentary Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy.\n\nIn 2013, Rubin starred in the television film Heebie Jeebies and was cast as Dr. Paula Bellman in the 2014 film Untold.\n\nRubin was in Chris Isaak's music video for \"Somebody's Crying\" (1995) and Bruce Hornsby's music video for \"Harbor Lights\" (1993). Rubin married actor Elias Koteas in 1987 until their 1990 divorce, they had no children.\n\nFilmography\n\nFilm\n\nTelevision\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nAmerican female models\nAmerican film actresses\nAmerican television actresses\nLiving people\nActresses from Phoenix, Arizona\n20th-century American actresses\n21st-century American actresses\nUniversity of Arizona alumni\nYear of birth missing (living people)", "Thomas Mathews (born November 28, 1958) is an American actor who is best known for his roles as Tommy Jarvis in the Friday the 13th franchise (1986) and Freddy in The Return of the Living Dead (1985). His other film roles include Dangerously Close (1986), Return of the Living Dead Part II (1988), and Nemesis (1992).\n\nCareer\n\nActing and Friday the 13th \nMathews began his acting career in the early 1980s as a model and commercial actor, starring in national television commercials for Le Tigre, Sprite and Tostitos. From 1982 to 1984, Mathews guest starred on a string of soap operas including Falcon Crest (1982; 1984), Dynasty (1983) and Paper Dolls (1984). In 1984, Mathews portrayed Erik in the romantic comedy film The Woman in Red although he was uncredited.\n\nHis first major role was Freddy in the 1985 cult film The Return of the Living Dead. The following year, Mathews starred in Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives, being the third actor to portray Tommy Jarvis after Corey Feldman and John Shepherd. In 1987, he starred as Francis Kelly in the television film The Dirty Dozen: The Deadly Mission. The same year, Mathews starred in the film Down Twisted and guest starred on the sitcom Mr. President. In 1988, he starred as Joey in Return of the Living Dead Part II and Charmin' in Alien from L.A.. In 1989, Mathews guest starred on an episode of CBS Summer Playhouse.\n\nIn 1990, he portrayed Tim Murphy in the television film Rock Hudson, Sonny Hilderbrand in the television pilot Sporting Chance, and David in the film Midnight Cabaret. The following year, Mathews starred in the films Bloodmatch and Born to Ride and the television short The Letters from Moab. In 1992, he starred in the film Nemesis. In 1994, he portrayed Bill in Kickboxer 4 and Dan Donahue in In the Living Years. The following year, Mathews starred in Heatseeker. The same year, he guest starred on an episode of ER. In 1996, Mathews starred in the television films If Looks Could Kill and Raven Hawk.\n\nHe reprised the role of Tommy Jarvis twice in 2017, providing his voice and likeness to the video game Friday the 13th: The Game and making a cameo appearance in the unofficial fan film Never Hike Alone and its 2020 prequel, Never Hike in the Snow. Mathews now owns a construction company, Hammer and Trowel. Sharon and Ozzy Osbourne hired his company to remodel their home during the filming of their MTV reality show The Osbournes.\n\nPersonal life\nOn May 10, 2014, Mathews married Karla Jensen in Los Cabos Municipality, Mexico.\n\nFilmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nLiving people\nAmerican male film actors\nAmerican male television actors\nAmerican male video game actors\nMale actors from Los Angeles\nFairfax High School (Los Angeles) alumni\n1958 births" ]

[ "Dinesh D'Souza", "America: Imagine the World Without Her", "What is an example of the world without her?", "In March 2013, D'Souza announced work on a documentary film titled America: Imagine the World Without Her for release in 2014.", "Are there specific examples of how America would be without her?", "I don't know.", "Who is Dinesh D'Souza?", "D'Souza announced work on a documentary film titled America: Imagine the World Without Her for release in 2014.", "How well was the documentary received?", "The film review website Metacritic surveyed 11 movie critics and assessed 10 reviews as negative and 1 as mixed, with none being positive.", "What was the documentary about?", "John Fund of National Review said the documentary was a response to U.S. progressive critique of the country,", "Who starred in the film?", "I don't know." ]

[ "An interpositive, intermediate positive, IP or master positive is an orange-based motion picture film with a positive image made from the edited camera negative. The orange base provides special color characteristics that allow more accurate color reproduction than if the IP had a clear base like an exhibition positive.\n\nDescription\nFrom a traditional photographic perspective, an interpositive (short for intermediate positive) is a negative image created by a positive process, as an intermediate step in creating the positive (exhibition) print.\n\nThe camera negative is exposed to positive film stock in a liquid environment - termed a wet gate - where the film stock is exposed using a contact process, so creating a like image (in effect, retaining the image in its negative -- i.e. \"reversed\" -- form) on the positive film stock, as an intermediate step, hence the term intermediate positive.\n\nThe interpositive historically had only one purpose, namely to be the element which is used to make the internegative.\n\nThe interpositive is made after the answer print has been approved. All lights and opticals from the answer print are repeated when striking the interpositive, and once the IP exists the original negative can be vaulted.\n\nIt is sometimes referred to as a \"protection IP\", which is a good term, since the only time the IP is touched is on the occasion of making the first or a replacement internegative. Since interpositives are used so rarely, they are usually the element that is in the best condition of all the film elements. \n\nInterpositives are usually the element of choice for film-to-tape transfers:\n They are usually in better physical condition than the other film elements. The original camera negative is typically checkerboarded on several rolls, or may be chemically unstable if stored improperly.\n They are very low-contrast and therefore help to preserve shadow detail.\n Scratches or dirt on the IP appear as black defects on the transfer, which are generally less objectionable than white defects, which would be the case if the camera negative or internegative were used.\n\nPhotographers who create photographic art by contact printing, such as Platinum or AZO, need interpositives in order to create large negatives. The final artwork has the size of the contact negative produced. Interpositives are also the best means of archiving or copying old image libraries. Reversal B&W processing can also be achieved from an interpositive by means of various kits and published recipes.\n\nSee also\nBleach bypass\n\nReferences\n\nFilm and video technology\nCinematography", "An internegative is a motion picture film duplicate. It is the color counterpart to an interpositive, in which a low-contrast color image is used as the positive between an original camera negative and a duplicate negative.\n\nAfter a film is shot, the original negatives—taken directly from the camera equipment—are edited into correct sequence and printed onto fresh stock as a cohesive film, creating an interpositive print used for color timing. From the interpositive, answer prints, which include the color-corrected imagery and a properly synced sound track, are made. Once approved by the studio, the final answer print is made into an internegative used for striking copies that will be delivered to theaters for viewing.\n\nOverview\nInternegatives are the workhorses of the film industry. They are made on exactly the same stock as interpositives. The film processes usually go from one polarity to another, that is:\n\n The camera operator shoots a positive image and the film ends up as a negative.\n The original negative is printed onto stock that comes out as an interpositive. Often, two interpositives were made, one to be archived and one to continue through the process.\n The interpositive is color timed (to balance the scenes) into the internegative.\n The internegative makes the positive release print.\n\nWhen an internegative wears out during printing, a new internegative is made from the interpositive and release printing resumes. There are some films (reversal film) that can go from positive to positive or negative to negative but are not used very often.\n\nEach time the original camera negative, the only image source, is run through the printing machine, there is a hazard that the film could be damaged.\n\nPrinting release prints from the composited camera negative was common until about 1969. Thereafter, most printing was done from internegatives which were made from an interpositive.\n\nPrints are still being made from the composited camera negative. Usually such a print run is limited to a few prints. These are sometimes called \"showprints\" (a DeLuxe trademark), or, more generally, \"EKs\" (after Eastman Kodak), and are generally reserved for the producer and for exhibition in first-run engagements. Other exhibitors will almost always receive conventional prints made from internegatives.\n\nFor quality and safety reasons, video transfers are almost always made from an interpositive. An internegative is a less desirable alternative. On rare occasions, the composited camera negative may be used for video transfers, but it will have to be carefully retimed for color/density.\n\nWhere a color-reversal intermediate was used, a positive-to-positive color process could be achieved. However, its use was limited, often giving unsatisfactory color reproduction, and restricted to 16mm.\n\nWith very few exceptions, 35mm has utilized a negative-to-positive process.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n National Film Preservation Board\n The Film Foundation\n Article on CRI and other film decomposition problems\n\nFilm and video technology" ]

[ "The Jay Leno Show", "Dispute over timeslot" ]

[ "The Liberty Bell was the first variation of the modern mechanical slot machine we see today, originally being referred to as a \"fruit machine\" or \"one-armed bandit\". Created in 1894 by Charles Fey (1862–1944), a car mechanic from San Francisco, the Liberty Bell's popularity set the standard for the modern slot machine; its three-reel model is still used today despite great advances in slot technology over the past several decades. An original Liberty Bell slot machine is currently on display at the Liberty Belle saloon in Reno, Nevada as a historic artifact.\n\nHow it worked\nEach of Liberty Bell's three reels were imprinted with a symbol of a diamond, heart, spade, horseshoe, star and a cracked Liberty Bell. Once the player deposited a nickel, he could pull the lever on the side of the machine and the reels would begin to spin, stopping on any random combination of symbols. If the same symbol appeared on all three reels a bell would ring and the player would be awarded with coins. Three Liberty Bells offered the largest payout of fifty cents (10 nickels), which was ejected by the machine.\n\nPayouts\nThe payouts for the Liberty Bell were as follows:\n\n2 horseshoes = 5 cents\n2 horseshoe + 1 star = 10 cents\n3 spades = 20 cents\n3 diamonds = 30 cents\n3 hearts = 40 cents\n3 Liberty Bells = 50 cents\n\nPopularity\n\nIn 1907, with the growing popularity and demand for the Liberty Bell, the Mills Novelty Company began manufacturing the \"Mills Liberty Bell\".\n\nIn 1910 the company introduced a slight variation of the Liberty Bell, called the Operator Bell. Changes such as a gooseneck coin acceptor and fruit symbols to replace the traditional images became a standard for slot machines for decades to come, and over 30,000 of these machines were produced. In 1915 the company then began manufacturing a less expensive version of the Operator Bell, replacing the heavy cast iron machines with ones made out of lighter wooden cabinets.\n\nIn the early 1930s the Mills Novelty company made additional changes to their line of slot machines. First, they designed it so that their machines were much more quieter, which eventually gave the machines the name \"silent bells\". Secondly, they created a line of themed wooden cabinets each with its own unique design, the first being Lion Head released in 1931.\n\nIt was this time in the 1930s that slot machines saw a rise of popularity in America. In the late 1940s Bugsy Siegel added slot machines to his Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas, initially as a way to entertain the wives and girlfriends of high rollers. Soon the revenue generated from these machines matched those of the table games.\n\nReferences \n\nAmerican inventions\nSlot machines\nGaming devices", "P-SCH stands for \"Primary Synchronisation Channel\" in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System.The P-SCH is a pure downlink physical channel broadcast over the entire cell.\n\nIt is transmitted unscrambled during the first 256 chips of each time slot, in time multiplex with Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH). It is the only channel that is not spread over the entire radio frame. The P-SCH is repeated at the beginning of each time slot and the same code is used by all the cells and enables the UE to detect the existence of the UMTS cell and to synchronize itself on the time slot boundaries. This is normally done with a single matched filter or any similar device. The slot timing of the cell is obtained by detecting peaks in the matched filter output.\n\nThis channel is used in conjunction with S-SCH to search for a UMTS cell and synchronize with it.\n\nReferences\n\nAndrew Miceli. Wireless Technician's Handbook. Artech House. Second Edition. 2003. . Page 188.\nAjay R Mishra (ed). Advanced Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation: 2G/2.5G/3G ... Evolution to 4G. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2007. . Pages 89 and 92.\n\nUMTS" ]

[ "The Jay Leno Show", "Dispute over timeslot", "Who were they in dispute over the time slot with?", "The Jay Leno Show would be shortened to 30 minutes and begin airing weeknights at 11:35 pm ET, with Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Fallon's shows following" ]

[ "What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? is the debut studio album from Los Angeles band 2AM Club. It was released September 14, 2010 by RCA Records.\n\nCritical reception\n\nMatt Collar of AllMusic stated that with this album \"2AM Club reveal themselves as the best and brightest of the nu-eyed-soul set\".\n\nTrack listing\n\nOn May 31, the band released a song named \"Baseline\" that was a bonus track on What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? (sold on iTunes). It was advertised by them via Twitter, and was available for free download through a file sharing website, Hulk Share.\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2010 albums\nPop rock albums by American artists", "Worry About You may refer to:\n\n \"Worry About You\" (Tyler James song)\n \"Worry About You\" (Ivy song)\n \"Worry About You\", a song by 2AM Club from album What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\n\nSee also \n \"I Worry About You\", also spelled \"I Worry 'Bout You\", a song written by Norman Mapp" ]

[ "The Jay Leno Show", "Dispute over timeslot", "Who were they in dispute over the time slot with?", "The Jay Leno Show would be shortened to 30 minutes and begin airing weeknights at 11:35 pm ET, with Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Fallon's shows following", "what year did this happen?", "In early January 2010," ]

[ "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno is an American late-night talk show hosted by Jay Leno that first aired from May 25, 1992, to May 29, 2009, and resumed production on March 1, 2010, until its ending on February 6, 2014.\n\nThe fourth incarnation of the Tonight Show franchise debuted on May 25, 1992, three days after Johnny Carson's retirement as host of the program. The program originated from NBC Studios in Burbank, California, and was broadcast Monday through Friday at 11:35p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones (10:35p.m. Central/Mountain time). Unlike Carson or his predecessor Jack Paar, Leno only once used a guest host, preferring to host the series in person.\n\nThe series, which followed the same basic format as that of its predecessors (an opening monologue followed by comedy routines, interviews and performances), ran until May 29, 2009, after which Leno was succeeded by Conan O'Brien. NBC signed Leno to a new deal for a nightly talk show in the 10:00 pm ET timeslot. The primetime series, titled The Jay Leno Show, debuted on September 14, 2009, following a similar format to the Leno incarnation of Tonight.\n\nNeither O'Brien's version of the program, which premiered June 1, 2009, nor The Jay Leno Show generated the ratings NBC had expected. The network decided to move a condensed 30-minute version of Leno's show to O'Brien's time slot, and O'Brien's Tonight Show a half-hour later. This decision met with opposition from O'Brien, whose stint on The Tonight Show ended January 22, 2010, after which he began his own talk show, Conan, on TBS. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno then began its second incarnation, the sixth of the franchise, on March 1, 2010. Leno left The Tonight Show for good on February 6, 2014, and on February 17, was succeeded by Late Night host Jimmy Fallon, at which time the series returned to New York for the first time since 1972.\n\nHistory\n\nSuccession from Carson \n\nJohnny Carson retired from The Tonight Show on May 22, 1992, and was replaced by Jay Leno. David Letterman wanted to move into the earlier time slot from his late night spot after The Tonight Show, and he was also considered by many as the natural successor (despite Leno having been Carson's permanent guest host for several years). Carson always favored Letterman; notably Carson, who had been interviewed by Letterman, made two appearances on Letterman's rival CBS show, made no mention of Leno during his final shows and regularly sent Letterman monologue jokes in his final years. With his heart set on the earlier time slot, Letterman left NBC in June 1993 and joined CBS that August. The Late Show with David Letterman, airing in the same slot, competed against The Tonight Show for the remainder of Leno's run. Leno would outdo Letterman in ratings for the majority of the show's run. Conan O'Brien slid into the late night time slot vacated by Letterman in September 1993.\n\nFirst end of Leno on Tonight \nOn September 27, 2004, the 50th anniversary of The Tonight Shows debut, NBC announced Leno would be succeeded by O'Brien, in 2009. Leno explained he did not want to see a repeat of the hard feelings and controversy that occurred when he was given the show over Letterman following Carson's retirement.\n\nIt was announced on July 21, 2008, that Leno would host his final episode of The Tonight Show on Friday, May 29, 2009, with O'Brien and James Taylor as his guests. O'Brien took over hosting duties commencing the following Monday, on June 1, 2009.\n\nOn December 9, 2008, it was announced Leno would be hosting a new nightly show in September 2009, which aired at 10 pm ET, during the network's prime time period. The Jay Leno Show ended after a short run on February 9, 2010.\n\nSecond incarnation \n\nOn January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that effective March 1, 2010, The Jay Leno Show would move from the 10 pm (Eastern/Pacific Time) weeknight time slot to 11:35 pm and O'Brien's The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien would move from 11:35 pm to 12:05 am. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved The Tonight Show to 12:05 am ET/PT to accommodate moving The Jay Leno Show to 11:35 pm Eastern/10:35 pm Central, due to poor ratings. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave NBC and The Tonight Show on January 22, 2010.\n\nOn January 21, 2010, NBC announced Leno would return to The Tonight Show. Jay Leno began his second tenure on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics. The show moved to Stage 11 in Burbank, the former home of The Jay Leno Show, with a similar set and theme song of The Jay Leno Show. Tonight Show bandleader Kevin Eubanks announced on April 12 he would be leaving The Tonight Show on May 28 after 18 years with Leno. Eubanks' replacement was former American Idol musical director Rickey Minor. Minor composed a new main theme when he took over.\n\nOn July 1, 2010, Variety reported that only six months into its second life, Leno's Tonight Show posted its lowest ratings since 1992. By September 2010, Leno's ratings in the adults 18-49 demographic had fallen below those of O'Brien when he had hosted The Tonight Show. NBC ratings specialist Tom Bierbaum commented that due to the host being out of late night television for a period of time and the subsequent 2010 Tonight Show conflict, Leno's ratings fall was \"not a surprise at all\". In October 2010, David Letterman beat Leno's program in the ratings, for the first time since Leno returned to hosting The Tonight Show. By May 2011, Leno's Tonight Show regained the lead and held it since then. However, by August 2012, the Los Angeles Times was reporting that The Tonight Show was in serious trouble for a number of reasons, most notably that NBC was losing money. While Leno offered to take a pay cut, at least 24 members of his staff were laid off. By March 2013, there were rumors that NBC would have Jimmy Fallon, who had been hosting Late Night since 2009 when he succeeded O'Brien, become the next host of The Tonight Show when Leno's current contract ended in 2014 and NBC would move the show back to New York for the first time in over 40 years. On May 13, 2013, during its fall \"upfronts\" presentation, NBC confirmed Fallon would take over as host of the Tonight Show beginning on February 17, 2014; Seth Meyers, in turn, would leave Saturday Night Live (where he was the anchor of Weekend Update) and take over Fallon's time slot.\n\nLeno's final Tonight Show aired on February 6, 2014. Per the terms on his deal with NBC, his staff was paid through September 2014. Leno wrapped up the night before the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, which began on February 7. Fallon took over the Tonight Show on February 17.\n\nLeno himself would later appear multiple times on Jimmy Fallon's version of Tonight, such as a June 15, 2016 appearance in which Leno not only appeared as a guest, he delivered part of that night's monologue, commenting on the 2016 American election campaign.\n(Leno came out to do the monologue after Fallon faked an injury.)\n\nProduction \nOn April 26, 1999, the show began broadcasting in HDTV 1080i, becoming the first American nightly talk show to be shot in high definition. The show was shot in 16:9 aspect ratio.\n\nFinances \nDuring the last year with Leno as host, The Tonight Show cost about $1.7 million a week to produce. With 45 weeks of annual production, that amounted to about $76.5 million, excluding the salaries for Leno and the show's \"top producers\".\n\nIn that same period, the show had been generating an estimated $30–$40 million a year in profit, down from the $150 million a year the franchise once made.\"\n\nFormat \nThe show follows an established six-piece format. After the announcer announces the opening credits for the show, the first segment is a ten-minute monologue by Leno, with jokes about current events and brief comedy sketches occasionally mixed in. The second segment is a full comedy sketch, such as a mini-documentary by a \"Tonight Show correspondent\" (e.g., Ross the Intern or Mikey Day), or a trademark of Leno's, such as Headlines.\n\nThe first guest appears, with the interview is divided into two segments, then followed by an interview with the second guest in the fifth segment. The sixth and final segment is typically a performance by a musical guest or stand-up comedian.\n\nImmediately following the last performance segment, Leno walks on camera to thank the performers, bid farewell to the audience and recommends watching Late Night which immediately follows The Tonight Show. As the closing credits roll on-screen, the closing theme, composed by bandleader Rickey Minor plays the show off the air.\n\nBandleader \nBranford Marsalis was the original bandleader of the show from 1992 to 1995, leaving the show after feeling displeased with his role on the show, what he called being an \"ass-kisser\". Kevin Eubanks, who was the guitarist in Marsalis' band, moved up to bandleader and remained with The Tonight Show and The Jay Leno Show until 2010, leaving the show for unclear \"personal\" reasons. Rickey Minor, former American Idol music director, replaced Eubanks.\n\nAnnouncer \nEdd Hall served as announcer on The Tonight Show from 1992 until 2004. Hall occasionally appeared in skits during the opening monologue. These skits often involved slapstick injury to Hall (by using a stunt double, dummy, or film clip), such as vehicles running him over in the studio parking lot. Unlike his predecessors on Tonight (i.e. McMahon with Carson, Hugh Downs with Jack Paar), Hall did not serve as a sidekick for Leno during his tenure on Leno's incarnation of The Tonight Show.\n\nHall was controversially replaced in 2004 by The Howard Stern Show staff member John Melendez in what many perceived as a thinly veiled attempt to attract a younger demographic and nonsensical considering his \"stuttering\" moniker. The hiring of Melendez, which was carried out by Leno without Stern's knowledge, prompted, a rift between Stern and Leno. Stern tiraded on his show for weeks on end, touting how Leno was \"ripping him off\", citing previously \"lifted\" material from his show such as \"Jaywalking\" ripping off Stern's \"homeless game\"; for example, stating \"To an 18- to 25-year-old male, Jay Leno is gay. He might as well put a dress on.\" Since the move to The Jay Leno Show, Melendez was replaced as announcer, but remained on the writing staff. Wally Wingert would be the only off-camera announcer for Leno's second Tonight tenure, carrying over his duties from The Jay Leno Show.\n\nRecurring segments\n\nNotable episodes\nOn May 25, 1992, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno debuted on NBC. The first show featured Leno's guests; Billy Crystal, Shanice, and Robert Krulwich.\nOn May 20, 1993, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno traveled to the Bull & Finch Pub in Boston, Massachusetts, to celebrate the final episode of Cheers. This is the first time that The Tonight Show with Jay Leno is taped on the road.\nOn May 8, 1994, health and fitness expert Iron Jay makes his first appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.\nOn May 9, 1994, Bobcat Goldthwait appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, where he set the guest chair on fire. Leno throws a cup of coffee, and tells Bobcat to sit down.\nOn August 22, 1994, Leno eulogized his father, who had recently died. After his monologue, Leno sat behind his desk and told the audience about his father's life and how his father had supported him in his career. Leno noted a moment when, upon Carson's disapproval at Leno being his successor, his father had encouraged him and told him to \"fight the good fight\". Leno ended the tribute saying, \"You know, it really is lonely at the top. You have no idea. But... we'll fight the good fight, Pop.\"\nOn July 10, 1995, Hugh Grant appeared in public for the first time after his arrest on lewd conduct charges the previous month. Leno famously asked him \"What the hell were you thinking?\" In response, Grant told Leno, \"I think you know in life what's a good thing to do and what's a bad thing, and I did a bad thing...and there you have it.\" The appearance was the first episode in which Leno beat CBS rival David Letterman.\nOn November 30, 1995, Howard Stern, who had made two highly rated appearances in 1992 and 1993, appeared with bikini-clad porn stars Nikki Tyler and Janine Lindemulder, attempting to show \"the Tonight Show's first lesbian kiss\" and encouraging Leno to spank one of them. Stern and the women remained during Siskel and Ebert's segment, where he began to suck one of their toes, to raucous applause and behavior from the crowd. Leno was visibly uncomfortable during both segments, repeatedly telling Stern \"it will all be edited out\", and hastily trying to interview Siskel & Ebert while the crowd went wild at Stern's antics. Leno ended the show early by walking off the air, which was edited out when it aired a few hours later, as revealed by Stern when he went on the air (on the Howard Stern Show) the following morning. Despite the situation, Leno called into the show that morning claiming Stern had \"gone beyond the acceptable standards\". Stern said Leno should not have \"been so uptight\" and he had a \"real\" reaction to the situation which was great. Stern recounted Leno had yelled at his producer Gary Dell'Abate saying Stern had \"'s-d' in his house\" and supposedly \"grabbed his crotch\" and yelled \"Pussy, Pussy, Pussy! That's all it is with Howard\" which Leno denied but agreed he had been angered by Stern.\nIn September 2000, with California in an energy crisis that forced blackouts, Leno did an episode in the dark using only candles and flashlights known as \"The Tonight Show Unplugged\".\nFollowing the September 11 attacks, The Tonight Show was off the air for about a week, as were most similar programs. The first post-9/11 episode began with a still image of an American flag and a subdued opening without the usual opening credits. Leno's monologue paid tribute to those who lost their lives and to firefighters, police and rescue workers across the US. Leno had questioned whether a show that regularly poked fun at the government could continue after the attacks, but in his monologue he explained that he also saw the show as a respite from the grim news of the world, akin to a cookie or glass of lemonade handed to a firefighter. He also told a story about himself as a 12-year-old Boy Scout, which Leno said he was not a very good at because of his dyslexia. His scoutmaster gave him the task of being the \"cheermaster\" of the troop, in which Leno told jokes to the troop to keep their spirits up. Senator John McCain and the musical group Crosby, Stills, and Nash were featured guests. Leno also organized an auction for a Harley-Davidson motorcycle signed by celebrities (he signed his name on-stage), with the proceeds going to 9/11 support organizations. For an extended period after the attack, a short clip of a large American flag waving was shown in between the announcement of the musical guest and Leno's introduction during the opening montage.\nOn May 12, 2003, Katie Couric hosted The Tonight Show for a day. Couric's guests on that night's show were Mike Myers, Simon Cowell, and Robbie Williams.\nOn August 6, 2003, actor Arnold Schwarzenegger appeared on The Tonight Show and confirmed he would be running against California governor Gray Davis for the 2003 California gubernatorial recall election. Schwarzenegger won the election on October 7.\nOn January 24, 2005, Leno had a special episode that paid tribute to Tonight Show predecessor Johnny Carson, who had died the day before. During the opening credits, the guests of that show were simply announced using pictures from when they were on Carson's Tonight Show, and the monologue simply gave condolence to Carson. There were no segments used; however, Leno played clips from The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson before commercials. All the guests were people who had worked with Carson, and had been on his show, including Ed McMahon, Drew Carey, Don Rickles, and Bob Newhart.\nOn July 20, 2006, as Colin Farrell was being interviewed by Leno, Farrell's stalker, Dessarae Bradford, evaded security, walked on stage as cameras were rolling, confronted Farrell, and threw her book on Leno's desk. In front of a silent, stunned audience, Farrell escorted her off the stage himself, told the camera crew to stop filming, and handed her over to security. As Bradford was led out of the studio, she shouted \"I'll see you in court!\" Farrell's response was simply, \"Darling, you're insane!\" Outside the studio, NBC security handed her to Burbank police, who eventually released her. While waiting to begin filming again, a shocked Leno sarcastically called for \"a round of applause for NBC security\" from the audience. After Farrell apologized to the audience, describing Bradford as \"my first stalker,\" the show then continued filming and the incident was edited out of the broadcast aired that night. Farrell later requested a restraining order in court against Bradford.\nOn July 24, 2007, the monologue was animated by Homer Simpson. Simpson gave a short monologue to the audience, and was \"kicked out\" by Leno. This sketch was to promote The Simpsons Movie.\nOn January 2, 2008, The Tonight Show (along with Jimmy Kimmel Live! and Late Night with Conan O'Brien) returned to air without writers, with the WGA still on strike. This was in response to the deal by David Letterman's production company Worldwide Pants and CBS Paramount Television with the WGA to allow Late Show with David Letterman and The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson to return with writers. Leno's guest that night, Republican presidential candidate Mike Huckabee, was criticized for crossing the WGA picket line to appear on the show. Huckabee would go on to win the Iowa caucuses the very next day.\nOn June 13, 2008, Leno delivered the news of Tim Russert's death to his audience during his monologue, and set aside some time in it to remember his old colleague. Leno then stated that he would continue the show as normal afterwards.\nOn March 19, 2009, Barack Obama appeared on the show. This marked the first time that a sitting President of the United States appeared on a late night talk show. President Obama came under fire for a remark made about the Special Olympics, which he made in reference to Leno's congratulations to Obama's low bowling score.\nOn March 1, 2010, Leno made his return to The Tonight Show with a re-written version of The Jay Leno Show theme song and a renovated Stage 11. Leno's guests were Jamie Foxx, Olympic Gold medalist Lindsey Vonn, and musical guest Brad Paisley. Leno also did a segment searching for a new desk, an element which was not implemented into his primetime show.\n On November 18, 2010, former President George W. Bush made his first appearance on a late night talk show since leaving office.\nOn November 23, 2010, former bandleader Kevin Eubanks returned to promote his new album Zen Food.\nOn March 2, 2011, the 4,000th episode aired.\nOn February 21, 2013, Eubanks made a second guest appearance to promote his new album The Messenger and had a sit-down interview with Leno following the performance.\nOn December 11, 2013, Eubanks made a third guest appearance as a Meal or No Meal judge.\nOn February 6, 2014, Leno hosted his final show, which featured several pre-taped well-wishes (and humorous advice) from a variety of celebrities ranging from Steve Carell to President Barack Obama, who offered Leno an ambassadorship to Antarctica (\"Hope you have a warm coat, funnyman.\"). Appearing as Leno's final guests were Billy Crystal (Leno's first guest in 1992) and Garth Brooks. Crystal surprised Leno by leading an on-stage sing-along of \"So Long, Farewell\" from The Sound of Music, with lyrics for the occasion performed by special guests Jack Black, Kim Kardashian, Chris Paul, Sheryl Crow, Jim Parsons, Carol Burnett, and Oprah Winfrey; Brooks performed his touching song \"The Dance\" (at Leno's request) before closing out the show with the rousing \"Friends in Low Places.\" In closing \"the greatest 22 years of my life,\" Leno turned emotional in his final remarks, calling himself \"the luckiest guy in the world... I got to meet presidents, astronauts, and movie stars.\" Leno also thanked the audience as well as his staff, who \"became my family\" after the deaths of his parents and his brother early in his Tonight tenure.\n\nReception \nCritical reviews for the show were mixed, with a Metacritic score of 49 out of 100, based on 9 reviews. In a negative review, Robert Bianco of USA Today wrote; \"Monday's opening monologue, supposedly Leno's strong suit, was tired, lame and unfunny. In other words, typical of the real Leno, rather than the Leno of public-relations imagination.\"\n\nThe show was nominated for an Emmy Award in the Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series category ten times between 1993 and 2005. It won the award in 1995.\n\nRatings \nThe 10th Anniversary special, broadcast on April 30, 2002, drew in 11.888 million viewers.\n\nOn September 22, 2006, The Tonight Show led in ratings for the 11th consecutive season, with a nightly average of 5.7 million viewers – 31% of the total audience in that time slot – compared to 4.2 million viewers for Late Show with David Letterman, 3.4 million for Nightline and 1.6 million for Jimmy Kimmel Live!. Two events helped Leno gain and keep the lead: a new set brought Leno closer to the audience and Hugh Grant kept his July 10, 1995 scheduled appearance, despite having been arrested for seeing a prostitute, where Leno famously asked Grant, \"What the hell were you thinking?\" The final telecast of the first incarnation of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno had the show's highest overnight household rating for a Friday episode in the comedian's 17-year run as host of Tonight, averaging an 8.8 rating in metered-market households.\n\nFor at least six weeks following his return to The Tonight Show, Leno's program beat Letterman in the overall ratings each night, though with a reduced lead in comparison to his first tenure. By mid-2010, The Tonight Show was receiving its lowest ratings since 1992, an average of 4 million total viewers, though he remained ahead of Letterman, who experienced a coinciding decline in ratings. In September 2010, The Tonight Show posted its lowest numbers on record, with Leno averaging 3.8 million viewers. This was a 12% increase in total viewers over O'Brien at the same time the previous year, but still 23% below O'Brien in the coveted 18–49 demographic. For the first time in almost 15 years, the show slipped to second place in its time slot being consistently beaten by Nightline. In October 2010, Letterman beat Leno's program in the ratings, for the first time since Leno returned to hosting The Tonight Show.\n\nIn the May 2011 sweeps period, all of NBCs late night programming had increased viewership. The Tonight Show received a 15% increase in viewership compared with the first 36 weeks of last season. In that process, it outlasted rival late night talk shows Jimmy Kimmel Live! on ABC, as well as Late Show with David Letterman on CBS. Both of Leno's lead-in, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon and Last Call with Carson Daly, also received increased viewership. For the season, in the 18–49 demographic, The Tonight Show had 4 million viewers, compared with Late Show, which had 3.5 million, and Jimmy Kimmel Live!, which had only 1.9 million. Nightline, though, still beat Leno in the May 2011 sweeps, with 4.4 million viewers.\n\nSeries High\n22.4 million (Cheers finale; May 20, 1993)\n16.1 million (debut; May 25, 1992)\n14.96 million (Seinfeld finale; May 14, 1998)\n14.64 million (series finale; February 6, 2014)\n11.9 million (first series finale; May 29, 2009) \n\nWeekly Highs\nMay 17, 1993: 9.08 million viewers\nFinale Week|2014: 8.289 million viewers\n\nThe Tonight Show in other countries\n\nAustralia \nThe show was telecast in Australia by The Comedy Channel before being discontinued in July 2010, shortly after Leno's reinstatement as the host of The Tonight Show. The channel had been airing versions by the various presenters under the title Late Night Legends. Currently, The Tonight Show is one of the few late-night television shows that cannot be viewed on Australian television. The only shows available are Late Show with David Letterman on Network Ten, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon on The Comedy Channel, The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on Eleven and Conan on GEM.\n\nBrazil \nFrom 1991 to 2000 the cable channel Superstation showed both The Tonight Show and Late Show in daily bases, one week after airing in the United States. From 2011 the show was broadcast on Record News with Brazilian Portuguese subtitles at midnight (local time), two days after airing in United States.\n\nCanada \nCanadian viewers watched the show on CTV 2 and NBC.\n\nCNBC Asia \nFor many years, The Tonight Show episodes from the week ran back-to-back on Saturday and Sunday on CNBC Asia, available to Brunei, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand – but since October 2011, they have been replaced by Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.\n\nCNBC Europe \nCNBC Europe confirmed they would show The Tonight Show when Conan O'Brien took over from Jay Leno in June 2009. After Leno returned, they have been showing The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. From Monday April 19, 2010, until the show's conclusion under Leno, CNBC Europe aired the show on weeknights from 12.00 am CET in a one-hour format, with double bill re-runs on Saturdays/Sundays from 9:00pm-9:45 pm & 9:45pm-10:30 pm CET. The show aired on a one-day delay from original transmission in the US.\n\nFinland \nIn Finland, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno was broadcast by MTV3 MAX from Monday to Friday with a three-night delay.\n\nIndia \nThe show was originally broadcast on CNBC. Starting in 2006 it was telecast on Zee Café at local time 10:00pm with a one-night delay. It was later shifted to Zee Trends in 2011, which was subsequently discontinued after a short run. Now The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon is telecast on Comedy Central at 11:00pm every weekdays.\n\nIsrael \nIn Israel the show was aired during the 1990s on NBC Europe, which was included in Israeli cable (later called the \"Hot\" company), though this channel was pulled from cable in Israel towards the end of the 1990s. Soon after, the show began airing on the Israeli popular cable channel Hot 3 (then simply called \"Channel 3\") until 1999. Since 2000, the show is broadcast in the Israeli satellite company yes (which launched in that year) in various channels, the current being yes stars comedy.\n\nItaly \nIn Italy (with Italian subtitles) from 2003 to 2007 when RaiSat Extra cancelled the program.\n\nPhilippines \nIn the Philippines, channel ETC broadcast The Tonight Show from 2004 until 2007, when the show was turned over to sister channel JackTV and Talk TV.\n\nPortugal \nIn Portugal, the show was first shown on SIC Comedia until the channel was off the air by the end of 2006. The show was switched to SIC Mulher until Leno moved to prime-time. Sic Radical used to broadcast The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien following the demand from their target audience to O'Brien's humor, after Jimmy Fallon took over Late Night. The contract that both NBC and SIC had was not expired by the time The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien got cancelled, so the network received the rights to exhibit The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.\n\nSweden \nIn Sweden, Kanal 5 started airing The Tonight Show every night Monday to Friday with a one-week delay in 2000. In 2008, Kanal 5 chose to replace it with Jimmy Kimmel Live!, and moved The Tonight Show to their sister channel Kanal 9, with a rerun aired the next day on Kanal 5.\n\nTurkey \nThe Tonight Show with Jay Leno was broadcast by CNBC-e and e2 on weekdays at 00:00 with a one-night delay.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n \n \n\n \nLeno, Jay\nJay Leno\n1992 American television series debuts\n2009 American television series endings\n2010 American television series debuts\n2014 American television series endings\n1990s American late-night television series\n2000s American late-night television series\n2010s American late-night television series\n1990s American variety television series\n2000s American variety television series\n2010s American variety television series\nEnglish-language television shows\nNBC original programming\nPrimetime Emmy Award-winning television series\nCNBC Europe original programming\nTelevision series by Universal Television\nAmerican television series revived after cancellation\nTelevision shows filmed in California\nBurbank, California\nPrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Series winners", "James Douglas Muir Leno (; born April 28, 1950) is an American television host, comedian, and writer. After doing stand-up comedy for years, he became the host of NBC's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno from 1992 to 2009. Beginning in September 2009, he started a primetime talk show, The Jay Leno Show, which aired weeknights at 10:00pm ET, also on NBC. When it was canceled in January 2010 amid a timeslot and host controversy, Leno returned to hosting The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on March 1, 2010. He hosted his last episode of this second tenure on February 6, 2014. That year, he was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame. Since 2014, he has hosted Jay Leno's Garage, and the 2021 revival of You Bet Your Life.\n\nLeno writes a regular column in Popular Mechanics showcasing his car collection and giving automotive advice. He also writes occasional \"Motormouth\" articles for The Sunday Times.\n\nEarly life\nLeno was born April 28, 1950 in New Rochelle, New York. His homemaker mother, Catherine (née Muir; 1911–1993), was born in Greenock, Scotland, and came to the United States at age 11. His father, Angelo (1910–1994), was an insurance salesman born in New York to immigrants from Flumeri, Italy. Leno grew up in Andover, Massachusetts and graduated from Andover High School. He obtained a bachelor's degree in speech therapy from Emerson College, where he started a comedy club in 1973. His older brother, Patrick (May 12, 1940 – October 6, 2002), was a Vietnam War veteran who became an attorney.\n\nCareer\n\nEarly career\nLeno made his first appearance on The Tonight Show on March 2, 1977, performing a comedy routine. During the 1970s, he had minor roles in several television series and films, first in the 1976 episode \"J.J. in Trouble\" of Good Times, and the same year in the pilot of Holmes & Yo-Yo. After an uncredited appearance in the 1977 film Fun with Dick and Jane, he played more prominent roles in 1978 in American Hot Wax and Silver Bears. His other film and television appearances from that period include Almost Heaven (1978), \"Going Nowhere\" (1979) on One Day at a Time, Americathon (1979), Polyester (1981), \"The Wild One\" (1981) on Alice, and both \"Feminine Mistake\" (1979) and \"Do the Carmine\" (1983) on Laverne & Shirley. His only starring film role was the 1989 direct-to-video Collision Course, with Pat Morita. He also appeared numerous times on Late Night with David Letterman.\n\nHe also appeared on three weeks of the short-lived NBC game show Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour in 1983 and 1984.\n\nThe Tonight Show\n\nStarting in 1986, Leno was a regular substitute host for Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show. In 1992, he replaced Carson as host amid controversy with David Letterman, who had been hosting Late Night with David Letterman since 1982 (aired after The Tonight Show), and whom many—including Carson himself—expected to be Carson's successor. The story of this turbulent transition became the basis of a book and a movie. Leno continued to perform as a stand-up comedian throughout his Tonight Show tenure. In 1988, he received a contract extension with NBC itself.\n\nIn 2004, Leno signed a contract extension with NBC to retain him as host of The Tonight Show until 2009. Later in 2004, Conan O'Brien signed a contract with NBC to become the show's host in 2009, replacing Leno at that time.\n\nDuring the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike, Leno was accused of violating WGA guidelines by writing his own monologue for The Tonight Show. NBC and Leno claimed there were private meetings with the WGA where a secret agreement was reached allowing this, the WGA denied such meetings. Leno answered questions in front of the Writers Guild of America, West trial committee in February 2009 and June 2009, and when the WGAW published its list of strikebreakers on August 11, 2009, Leno was not on it.\n\nOn April 23, 2009, Leno checked himself into a hospital with an undisclosed illness. He was released the following day and returned to work on Monday, April 27. The two subsequently canceled Tonight Show episodes for April 23 and 24 were his first in 17 years as host. The illness was not initially disclosed, but Leno later told People magazine that it was for exhaustion.\n\nMichael Jackson trial\nDuring the 2005 trial of Michael Jackson over allegations of child molestation, Leno was one of a few celebrities who appeared as defense witnesses. In his testimony regarding a phone conversation with the accuser, Leno testified that he was not asked for any money and there did not appear to be any coaching—but the calls seemed unusual and scripted.\n\nAs a result, Leno was initially not allowed to tell jokes about Jackson or the case, which had been a fixture of The Tonight Shows opening monologue in particular. But he and his show's writers used a legal loophole by having Leno briefly step aside while stand-in comedians took the stage and told jokes about the trial. These stand-ins included Roseanne Barr, Drew Carey, Brad Garrett, and Dennis Miller. The gag order was challenged, and the court ruled that Leno could continue telling jokes about the trial as long as he did not discuss his testimony. Leno celebrated by devoting an entire monologue to Michael Jackson jokes.\n\nSuccession by Conan O'Brien; The Jay Leno Show\n\nBecause Leno's show continued to lead all late-night programming in the Nielsen ratings, the pending expiration of his contract led to speculation about whether he would become a late-night host for another network when his commitment to NBC expired. He left The Tonight Show on Friday, May 29, 2009, and Conan O'Brien took over on June 1, 2009.\n\nOn December 8, 2008, it was reported that Leno would remain on NBC and move to a new hour-long show at 10 p.m. Eastern Time (9 p.m. Central Time) five nights a week. It would follow a similar format to The Tonight Show, be filmed in the same studio, and retain many of Leno's most popular segments, while O'Brien continued to host The Tonight Show.\n\nLeno's new show, The Jay Leno Show, debuted on September 14, 2009. It was announced at the Television Critics Association summer press tour that it would feature one or two celebrities, occasional musical guests, and keep the popular \"Headlines\" segments, which would be near the end of the show. First guests included Jerry Seinfeld, Oprah Winfrey (via satellite), and a short sit-down with Kanye West discussing his controversy at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, which had occurred the night before.\n\nTimeslot conflict and return to The Tonight Show\n\nIn their new roles, neither O'Brien nor Leno succeeded in delivering the viewing audiences the network anticipated. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that beginning March 1, 2010, Leno would move from his 10 p.m. weeknight time slot to 11:35 p.m., due to a combination of pressure from local affiliates, whose newscasts were suffering, and both Leno's and O'Brien's poor ratings. Leno's show would be shortened from an hour to 30 minutes. All NBC late night programming would also be preempted by the 2010 Winter Olympics between February 15 and 26, moving The Tonight Show to 12:05  a.m., the first post-midnight timeslot in its history. O'Brien's contract stipulated that NBC could move the show ahead to 12:05 a.m. without penalty (a clause included primarily to accommodate sports preemptions).\n\nOn January 10, NBC confirmed that they would move Leno out of primetime as of February 12 and move him to late-night as soon as possible. TMZ reported that O'Brien was given no advance notice of this change, and that NBC offered him two choices: an hour-long 12:05 am time slot, or the option to leave the network. On January 12, O'Brien issued a press release that he would not continue with Tonight if it moved to a 12:05 a.m. time slot, saying, \"I believe that delaying The Tonight Show into the next day to accommodate another comedy program will seriously damage what I consider to be the greatest franchise in the history of broadcasting. The Tonight Show at 12:05 simply isn't The Tonight Show.\"\n\nOn January 21, it was announced that NBC had struck a deal with O'Brien: He would leave The Tonight Show, receive a $33 million payout, and his staff of almost 200 would receive $12 million in the departure. His final episode aired on Friday, January 22, 2010. Leno returned as host of The Tonight Show following the 2010 Winter Olympics on March 1, 2010.\n\nOn July 1, 2010, Variety reported that total viewership for Leno's Tonight Show had dropped from 5 million to 4 million for the second quarter of 2010, compared to the same period in 2009. Although it represented the show's lowest second-quarter ratings since 1992, Tonight was still the most-watched late night program, ahead of ABC's Nightline (3.7 million) and Late Show with David Letterman (3.3 million).\n\nAnnouncement of successor\nOn April 3, 2013, NBC announced that Leno would leave The Tonight Show in spring 2014, with Jimmy Fallon as his designated successor.\n\nLeno's final show as the host of The Tonight Show was on February 6, 2014, with guests Billy Crystal (who was the first guest on the first version of Leno's show), musical guest Garth Brooks, and surprise guests Jack Black, Kim Kardashian, Jim Parsons, Sheryl Crow, Chris Paul, Carol Burnett and Oprah Winfrey.\n\nAfter The Tonight Show\n\nLeno has maintained an active schedule as a touring stand-up comedian, doing an average of 200 live performances a year in venues across the United States and Canada and at charity events and USO tours. He has also appeared on the Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon and Late Night with Seth Meyers, and was a guest on the finale of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson. He appeared in a cameo role drilling and tormenting James Corden in a facetious boot camp for talk-show hosts on the premiere of The Late Late Show with James Corden. He declined an invitation to appear on Late Show with David Letterman despite speculation he would appear on the show's finale.\n\nLeno hosted a one-hour Jay Leno's Garage special on CNBC, and the show has aired as a primetime series on the cable channel since 2015.\n\nLeno also had a recurring role in the Tim Allen comedy series Last Man Standing since season 5, playing a mechanic, Joe Leonard, in a store operated by Allen's character, Mike Baxter.\n\nLeno has hosted the third revival of the game show You Bet Your Life since its premiere in fall 2021. It has been renewed for a second season.\n\nLeno also does voice acting, such as The Crimson Chin on The Fairly Odd Parents from 2001 to 2016 and Billy Beagle of Mickey and the Roadster Racers.\n\nPublic image\n\nCriticism\n\nLeno has faced heated criticism and some negative publicity for his perceived role in the 2010 Tonight Show conflict. Critics have cited a 2004 Tonight Show clip where Leno said he would allow O'Brien to take over without incident. At the time, Leno said he did not want O'Brien to leave for a competing network, adding, \"I'll be 59 when [the switch occurs]. That's five years from now. There's really only one person who could have done this into his 60s, and that was Johnny Carson; I think it's fair to say I'm no Johnny Carson.\" Leno also described The Tonight Show as a dynasty, saying, \"You hold it and hand it off to the next person. And I don't want to see all the fighting.\" At the end of the segment, he said, \"Conan, it's yours! See you in five years, buddy!\"\n\nRosie O'Donnell was among O'Brien's most vocal and vehement supporters, calling Leno a \"bully\" and his actions \"classless and kind of career-defining\". Bill Zehme, the co-author of Leno's autobiography Leading with My Chin, told the Los Angeles Times, \"The thing Leno should do is walk, period. He's got everything to lose in terms of public popularity by going back. People will look at him differently. He'll be viewed as the bad guy.\"\n\nIn 2009, Leno received minor criticism for asking rapper Kanye West how his recently deceased mother, Donda West, would have felt about the incident at the 2009 VMAs, causing West to begin crying live on air.\n\nHoward Stern has also been a harsh critic of Leno before and following his Tonight Show timeslot-change announcement; Stern appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in 2006 and said he felt it was unlikely that Leno would ever willingly give up The Tonight Show. During the conflict, Stern made many negative remarks about Leno as a guest on Late Show with David Letterman.\n\nLeno has also been criticized for the perceived change in the content of his monologues from his previous stand-up material. Actor and comedian Patton Oswalt was among the celebrities who openly voiced disappointment with Leno, saying, \"Comedians who don't like Jay Leno now, and I'm one of them, we're not like, 'Jay Leno sucks'; it's that we're so hurt and disappointed that one of the best comedians of our generation ... willfully has shut the switch off.\"\n\nIn August 2020, Leno faced criticism for expressing support for Ellen DeGeneres despite a workplace investigation into toxic behavior and sexual misconduct and harassment claims against producers of The Ellen DeGeneres Show.\n\nSupport for Leno\nNBC Sports chairman and former Saturday Night Live producer Dick Ebersol spoke out against all who had criticized Leno, calling them \"chicken-hearted and gutless\". Jeff Gaspin, then chairman of NBC Universal Television Entertainment, also defended Leno, saying, \"This has definitely crossed the line. Jay Leno is the consummate professional and one of the hardest-working people in television. It's a shame that he's being pulled into this.\" Fellow comedians Paul Reiser, Jerry Seinfeld and Jim Norton (a frequent contributor to The Tonight Show) also voiced support for Leno.\n\nResponding to the mounting criticism, Leno said NBC had assured him that O'Brien was willing to accept the proposed arrangement and that they would not let either host out of his contract. He also said that the situation was \"all business\", and that all of the decisions were made by NBC. He appeared on the January 28, 2010 episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show in an attempt to repair some of the damage done to his public image.\n\nInfluences\nLeno's comedic influences include Johnny Carson, Robert Klein, Alan King, David Brenner, Mort Sahl, George Carlin, Don Rickles, Bob Newhart, and Rodney Dangerfield.\n\nDennis Miller and Jerry Seinfeld have credited Leno as their inspiration.\n\nPersonal life\n\nLeno has been married to Mavis Leno since 1980; they have no children. In 1993, during his first season as host of The Tonight Show, Leno's mother died at the age of 82; and the next year, his father died at 84. Leno's older brother, Patrick, a Vietnam veteran and graduate of Yale Law School, died of cancer in 2002 at the age of 62.\n\nLeno is known for his prominent jaw, which has been described as mandibular prognathism. In the book Leading with My Chin, he says he was aware of surgery that could reset his mandible, but that he did not wish to endure a prolonged healing period with his jaws wired shut.\n\nLeno is dyslexic. He claims to need only four or five hours of sleep each night. He does not consume alcohol, smoke, or gamble. He spends much of his free time visiting car collections and working in his private garage.\n\nLeno has claimed that he has not spent any of the money he earned from The Tonight Show, but lives off of his money from his stand-up routines. He reportedly earned $32 million in 2005. In 2014, he received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Emerson College, where he also delivered the commencement speech.\n\nCharity\nIn 2001, he and his wife donated $100,000 to the Feminist Majority Foundation's campaign to stop gender apartheid in Afghanistan, to educate the public regarding the plight of women in Afghanistan under Taliban rule. Mavis Leno is on the board of the Feminist Majority.\n\nIn 2009, he donated $100,000 to a scholarship fund at Salem State College (now Salem State University) in honor of Lennie Sogoloff, who gave Leno his start at his jazz club, Lennie's-on-the-Turnpike.\n\nIn August 2012, Leno auctioned his Fiat 500, which was sold for $385,000 with all the proceeds going to a charity that helps wounded war veterans recover by providing them with temporary housing.\n\nLove Ride\nSince 1985, Leno has been the Grand Marshal for the Love Ride, a motorcycle charity event which since its founding in 1984 has raised nearly $14 million for charities benefiting muscular dystrophy research, Autism Speaks, and in 2001, the September 11 attacks recovery.\n\nVehicle collection\n\nLeno owns approximately 286 vehicles (169 cars and 117 motorbikes). He also has a website and a TV program called Jay Leno's Garage, which contains video clips and photos of his car collection in detail, as well as other vehicles of interest to him. Leno's Garage Manager is Bernard Juchli. Among his collection are two Doble steam cars, a sedan and a roadster that were owned by Howard Hughes, the fifth Duesenberg Model X known to survive, and one of nine remaining 1963 Chrysler Turbine Cars. The collection also includes three antique electric cars — the 1925 Baker Motor Vehicle is his wife Mavis' favorite car.\n\nHe has a regular column in Popular Mechanics which showcases his car collection and gives advice about various automotive topics, including restoration and unique models, such as his jet-powered motorcycle and solar-powered hybrid. Leno also writes occasional \"Motormouth\" articles for The Sunday Times, reviewing high-end sports cars and giving his humorous take on motoring matters.\n\nLeno opened his garage to Team Bondi, the company that developed the 2011 video game L.A. Noire, which is set in Los Angeles in the late-1940s. Leno's collection contains almost one hundred cars from this period, and allowed the team to recreate their images as accurately as possible.\n\nPolitics\nHosting the 2014 Genesis Prize award ceremony in Jerusalem, Leno made jokes mocking then-President Barack Obama and then-Secretary of State John Kerry, accusing Obama of \"trying to break\" the U.S.'s relationship with Israel.\n\nIn a 2015 interview with The Jerusalem Post, Leno said, \"I always considered Israel as not only the only democracy in the Middle East, I think it’s the purest, because every Israeli voter seems to have his own political party.\" He also added about Israel's relations with other Middle East countries: \"Israel is so efficient in defending itself and so good at it, that to the rest of the world it looks like bullying.\"\n\nFilmography\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n Tonight Show with Jay Leno episodes\n Jay Leno's Garage (NBC)\n An interview with Jay Leno, Totalcar magazine\n The New York Times on Leno's affiliation with McPherson College\n Live performance videos from the Tonight Show\n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n1950 births\nLiving people\n20th-century American comedians\n20th-century American male actors\n21st-century American comedians\n21st-century American male actors\nAmerican car collectors\nAmerican male comedians\nAmerican male film actors\nAmerican male television actors\nAmerican male television writers\nAmerican male voice actors\nAmerican people of Italian descent\nAmerican people of Scottish descent\nAmerican stand-up comedians\nAmerican television writers\nAmerican YouTubers\nMale YouTubers\nBentley University alumni\nComedians from Massachusetts\nComedians from New York (state)\nEmerson College alumni\nLas Vegas shows\nLate night television talk show hosts\nMale actors from New Rochelle, New York\nMark Twain Prize recipients\nPeople from Andover, Massachusetts\nPeople with dyslexia\nPrimetime Emmy Award winners\nScreenwriters from Massachusetts\nScreenwriters from New York (state)\nTelevision personalities from New Rochelle, New York\nTelevision producers from New York (state)" ]

[ "The Jay Leno Show", "Dispute over timeslot", "Who were they in dispute over the time slot with?", "The Jay Leno Show would be shortened to 30 minutes and begin airing weeknights at 11:35 pm ET, with Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Fallon's shows following", "what year did this happen?", "In early January 2010,", "Did Leno mind the time slot change?", "Leno immediately accepted the return to 11:35 p.m., calling the move \"all business." ]

[ "Something To Say is the debut album from pop singer Joey Pearson. The album includes his debut single, \"Don't Give Up\", as well as a duet with actor and friend Logan O'Brien.\n\nTrack listing\n \"You're Worth the Time\" \n \"My Dream\" \n \"Looked My Way\"\n \"Good Like Anything\"\n \"Don't Give Up\"\n \"Younger Generation\" (featuring Logan O'Brien)\n \"Candle Light the Way\"\n \"I'll Be Your Friend\"\n \"I Know What Love Is\"\n \"Once in a Lifetime\"\n\n2002 debut albums\nJoey Pearson albums", "Say Anything may refer to:\n\nFilm and television\n Say Anything..., a 1989 American film by Cameron Crowe\n \"Say Anything\" (BoJack Horseman), a television episode\n\nMusic\n Say Anything (band), an American rock band\n Say Anything (album), a 2009 album by the band\n \"Say Anything\", a 2012 song by Say Anything from Anarchy, My Dear\n \"Say Anything\" (Marianas Trench song), 2006\n \"Say Anything\" (X Japan song), 1991\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Aimee Mann from Whatever, 1993\n \"Say Anything\", a song by the Bouncing Souls from The Bouncing Souls, 1997\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Good Charlotte from The Young and the Hopeless, 2002\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Girl in Red, 2018\n \"Say Anything\", a song by Will Young from Lexicon, 2019\n \"Say Anything (Else)\", a song by Cartel from Chroma, 2005\n\nOther uses\n Say Anything (party game), a 2008 board game published by North Star Games\n \"Say Anything\", a column in YM magazine\n\nSee also\n Say Something (disambiguation)" ]

[ "The Jay Leno Show", "Dispute over timeslot", "Who were they in dispute over the time slot with?", "The Jay Leno Show would be shortened to 30 minutes and begin airing weeknights at 11:35 pm ET, with Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Fallon's shows following", "what year did this happen?", "In early January 2010,", "Did Leno mind the time slot change?", "Leno immediately accepted the return to 11:35 p.m., calling the move \"all business.", "Did O'brien say anything?", "drafted a press release explaining why he felt it was unfair to him, his staff, Fallon, and the legacy of The Tonight Show to move the show past midnight." ]

[ "Liam Ridley (real name Jack Lowden) is a fictional character from The CW's 2017 series Dynasty, a reboot of the 1980s prime time soap opera of the same name. Portrayed by Adam Huber, Liam is the first series regular role in the remake not based on a character from the original series. Liam first appears in the 2018 episode \"Our Turn Now\", in which he meets and agrees to marry Atlanta energy heiress Fallon Carrington (Elizabeth Gillies) to thwart the plans of tech billionaire Jeff Colby (Sam Adegoke) to ruin her. After recurring in seasons one and two, Huber was promoted to a series regular for the third season. The character has been a fan favorite since his very first appearance.\n\nCharacterization\nHuber called Liam \"just a good guy\". He attributed his character's popularity to Liam's function as the straight man in contrast to the heightened melodrama of the Carringtons, adding that fans love Liam's chemistry with Fallon, portrayed by Gillies. He said that \"Liam keeps Fallon accountable,\" and noted:\n\nLizzy Buczak of TV Fanatic wrote that \"the Van Kirks get worse with each family additional family member. I can see why Liam decided he was better off changing his name and becoming estranged.\" Liam explains to Fallon in \"The Butler Did It\" that he allows his mother Laura Van Kirk (Sharon Lawrence) to berate him because he is protective of her, Laura having suffered a mental breakdown after the death of Liam's father. Buczak was disappointed with Liam's \"timid reaction\" upon learning in \"New Lady in Town\" that Fallon's treacherous brother Adam Carrington (Sam Underwood) slept with his mother, and wrote \"I was hoping to see Liam throw a few much-deserved punches\". Huber said he wants Adam to pay for what he has done to Liam and Fallon, but noted \"I don't know if Liam's the type of who's going to really go after him\".\n\nDevelopment\nBuczak called Liam's relationship with Fallon \"tumultuous yet epic\". Andrea Reiher of Brit + Co noted that their business arrangement took on a hint of romance in \"Don't Con a Con Artist\". Huber explained:\n\nThough the show had hinted that Liam could actually be Fallon's long-lost brother Adam, Delia Harrington of Den of Geek called the reveal of Liam's backstory as the disgruntled heir of another wealthy family \"a bit of a letdown after all the hinting\", and \"all too straightforward.\" Georgia Makitalo of Hidden Remote called Liam's admission in \"Dead Scratch\" that he is in love with Fallon a \"shocking revelation\".\n\nPaul Dailly of TV Fanatic called the love triangle of Fallon, Liam, and Michael Culhane (Robert Christopher Riley) \"one of the most engrossing love triangles on TV in quite some time\", adding that \"both Liam and Culhane are genuinely nice men who care for Fallon [and] her dream about the three-way in the shower confirmed that Fallon was conflicted.\" Samantha Nguyen of MyFantasySportsTalk noted that though the love triangle seemed settled by Fallon and Michael's engagement in \"Twenty-Three Skidoo\", the series had \"made it pretty clear that there's more drama to come\". Asserting that Fallon and Michael's chemistry had dissipated in season two in favor of Liam, Buczak also pointed out, \"Fallon is more conflicted than ever regarding her feelings for Liam and Culhane. Fallon still had lingering feelings for Liam. However, she probably would have been able to curb those emotions had she not assumed Culhane was having an affair.\"\n\nHuber researched amnesia for his third season storyline. Though that plot development was a surprise, he noted, \"It gives me something to play with.\" Saying that he wanted Liam and Fallon to ultimately be together, Huber acknowledged that \"you have to have the drama because of the type of show it is. Without it, it's just kind of 'meh'.\" He said, \"You can never be too happy or too sad for too long on this show...It's always going to be kind of a rocky road for [Fallon and Liam], though, and in this TV show it's never going to be rainbows and balloons, there are gonna be things that try to complicate their relationship.\" Huber said of Fallon and Liam, \"They're cut from the same cloth. I think they truly understand and get each other, and make each other happy. But they really are soulmates, so I'm hoping that's what the writers think.\" He noted:\n\nHuber added, \"I want the relationship on the show to be a positive relationship. You know, the younger generation is watching it. I want them to support each other and be there for one another. Not like have this crazy drama and crazy fighting because not all relationships are like that.\" Of future storylines, he said that he hopes he will be able to do more physical action and stunts in future episodes, and that the show will have Liam reconnect with the child he gave up.\n\nAppearances\nHuber first appeared in the 2018 episode \"Our Turn Now\", in which Liam meets and marries Atlanta energy heiress Fallon Carrington to thwart tech billionaire Jeff Colby's plot against her. He recurred on Dynasty for the first two seasons, never sure how long he would be kept around. It was announced in October 2019 that Huber had been promoted to a series regular for season three. He said that being put on contract with the show was unexpected, and that he was testing for a role on an upcoming NYPD Blue reboot when the offer was made during filming of season two. Huber said, \"people really love our chemistry and me as a love interest on the show, so I think that's why it stuck.\" Liam is the first series regular role in the remake not based on a character from the original series, and the character is Huber's first series regular role.\n\nStorylines\n\nSeason one\nIn \"Our Turn Now\", Fallon (Elizabeth Gillies) sets up Liam as Sam's date to her faux wedding to Jeff (Sam Adegoke). Sam (Rafael de la Fuente) and Liam hit it off, making Fallon's brother Steven (James Mackay) jealous. Liam eventually admits that he is not gay, and encourages Sam to seek out Steven. Turning the tables on the Colbys, Fallon announces to Jeff that their new marriage is invalid since she met and married Liam the night before at city hall. Though their annulment is in the works, Liam agrees to attend Fallon's grandfather's funeral with her in \"Poor Little Rich Girl\". He is recognized by someone as \"Jack\", but dismisses it as a mistake to Fallon. After he helps her try to manipulate a confession out of her mother Alexis (Nicollette Sheridan) in \"Don't Con a Con Artist\", Liam and Fallon kiss. Fallon agrees to a date with him in \"Use or Be Used\", but misses it when she learns that her ex-boyfriend Michael's father is in the hospital. Alexis reveals to Fallon that Liam is really a journalist named Jack Lowden writing a tell-all, and Fallon cuts him loose. Liam gives Alexis his manuscript—actually about his own wealthy family—for delivery to Fallon, but Alexis burns it instead. Liam appears at Steven and Sam's wedding in \"Dead Scratch\", and tells Fallon he is in love with her. He reveals that his manuscript was about his own family, the Van Kirks of New York.\n\nSeason two\nIn \"Twenty-Three Skidoo\", Fallon is negotiating to sell Carrington Atlantic to Liam's uncle Max Van Kirk (C. Thomas Howell), but she and Liam have to pretend to still be married to secure the deal. Max coerces Fallon and Liam to kiss in front of him, which leaves Fallon slightly confused about her feelings. Liam introduces Fallon to his imperious mother, Laura (Sharon Lawrence), in \"The Butler Did It\", and Fallon faces off with her in Liam's defense. Suspecting Michael (Robert Christopher Riley) is cheating on her, Fallon almost has sex with Liam in \"Queen of Cups\". Liam gives Fallon an ultimatum about their relationship in \"That Witch\", and she ultimately chooses Michael over Liam. In \"A Champagne Mood\", Fallon and Michael go to Liam for his help in accessing Van Kirk files, which they hope will prove that Max was behind the drug smuggling and keep Michael out of jail. Although reluctant at first, Liam agrees to help. After Fallon breaks things off with Michael because she cannot trust him, she visits Liam, but another woman answers the door. In \"The Sight of You\", Fallon takes a girls trip with Monica (Wakeema Hollis), Cristal (Ana Brenda Contreras), and stowaway Kirby (Maddison Brown), but her true motive is to see Liam, who is at the same ski resort in Idaho with his new girlfriend Ashley (Taylor Black). While Sam and the women sabotage Ashley, Fallon asks Liam for another chance. He is happy with Ashley, and asks Fallon to move on as well. After Ashley and her friends brawl with Fallon and her posse at a dive bar, a furious Liam tells Fallon he never wants to see her again. In \"Miserably Ungrateful Men\", Fallon buys the publishing company that is releasing Liam's novel, intending to scrap the book but trying to manipulate him into pulling out of the deal on his own. In \"How Two-Faced Can You Get\", Fallon reads and loves Liam's novel, which is about their relationship. She goes to him to apologize, and offers to publish it after all. In \"Life is a Masquerade Party\", Fallon arranges for Liam and his ex, Ashley, to spend time together in public to promote his book, but is jealous when they appear to be rekindling their relationship. Fallon and Liam admit they are in love with each other. Fallon's brother Adam (Sam Underwood) takes a photo of Fallon and Liam kissing, which he sells to the press. The negative publicity surrounding the photo threatens Liam's book sales in \"This Illness of Mine\", forcing Fallon to confirm publicly that the book is about her and not Ashley. Liam's mother Laura appears and threatens to block the novel's publication unless Fallon breaks things off with Liam. He tries to broker a peace over dinner. Laura claims to be dying of cancer, but Fallon is suspicious. Fallon has Laura's blood tested and proves she is lying, but Laura deflects the accusation and Liam is angry with Fallon. Laura is eventually forced to confess, and Liam softens to Fallon. In \"New Lady in Town\", Fallon and Liam plot to expose Adam's true colors to her father Blake (Grant Show), but Adam outmaneuvers them each time. While Fallon steps in for Blake to prevent Jeff and Michael from seizing control of the Atlantix in \"Thicker Than Money\", Liam and Kirby help her snatch a book deal from a competitor. Liam and Fallon finally have sex. Liam, hit over the head by Adam, falls face down into the pool in \"Deception, Jealousy, and Lies\".\n\nSeason three\nIn \"Guilt Trip to Alaska\", Liam has been rescued but lies in a coma. Adam tries to kill Liam in the hospital, but is interrupted by Fallon. Ashley arrives, and when Liam wakes up, he does not remember Fallon. She pulls out all the stops to get Liam to remember her in \"Caution Never Won a War\", but his mother Laura does her best to thwart Fallon's efforts, including filing a restraining order against Fallon. Learning that Liam is marrying Ashley, Fallon attempts to restore Liam's memory in \"Something Desperate\" by having him read his original manuscript that details their relationship. He reads it and does not marry Ashley, but tells Fallon he still does not remember her, and wants to be on his own. Just as Fallon moves on from Liam with Evan (Ken Kirby) in \"Mother? I'm at La Mirage\", Liam begins to remember their past together. He asks her to dinner, hoping to recover more memories, in \"A Used Up Memory\". Not wanting Liam to remember what Adam did to him, Adam arranges for Evan to see Fallon with Liam. A possessive Evan warns Liam to keep away from Fallon. Liam's memories return, and he and Fallon reunite. In \"Shoot from the Hip\", Fallon is worried that Liam will forget her again, and he is angry to discover she lied to him to keep him close. Fallon gives Liam free rein in writing an article about Blake's murder trial for her magazine in \"The Sensational Blake Carrington Trial\", but when he includes her own less-than-flattering courtroom performance, she trashes her own office and erases the article. Fallon realizes that Adam's sight has returned, and Liam remembers that it was Adam who hit him over the head. In the vineyard's barn, they struggle at the edge of the loft door. In \"The Caviar, I Trust, Is Not Burned\", Adam saves Liam from falling but then falls himself. Liam and Fallon fight and then reconcile when Fallon begins making life decisions without consulting him in \"Battle Lines\".\n\nReception\nBuczak noted that Liam has been a fan favorite since his very first appearance. Virginia Mendes of Ecos said that though Liam is a character original to the new series, he has \"made such a huge impact in the present audience\".\n\nReferences\n\nDynasty (franchise) characters\nFictional writers\nMale characters in television\nTelevision characters introduced in 2018", "Fallon Carrington is a fictional character from the ABC television series Dynasty and its spin-off The Colbys. Created by Richard and Esther Shapiro, the role of Fallon was originated by Pamela Sue Martin in the show's first episode in 1981, and Martin left at the end of the fourth season in 1984. Fallon was recast with Emma Samms in 1985, and the character was spun off onto a companion series called The Colbys. After the cancellation of the second series, Fallon (portrayed by Samms) returned to Dynasty in 1987, and remained on the series until its finale in 1989. Samms later reprised the role for the 1991 miniseries Dynasty: The Reunion. Elizabeth Gillies plays Fallon in The CW's 2017 reboot series Dynasty.\n\nFallon is the daughter of oil baron Blake Carrington and his first wife, Alexis, portrayed by John Forsythe and Joan Collins in the original series. Initially a self-indulgent troublemaker constantly at odds with her father's second wife, Krystle (Linda Evans), Fallon navigates a series of romantic entanglements that includes marriages to Jeff Colby (John James) and his half-brother and cousin, Miles Colby (Maxwell Caulfield).\n\nOriginal series\n\nCharacterization\nFallon is introduced in 1981 as a fiery heiress as intelligent and business savvy as her millionaire father Blake Carrington, but not taken seriously by him because she is a woman. With a place at the family company Denver-Carrington unavailable to her, Fallon instead indulges herself with multiple lovers and torturing her new stepmother Krystle (Linda Evans). David Hofstede described Martin's Fallon as \"a spoiled bitch with an acid tongue whose idea of fun was to sleep with her father's chauffeur\". Martin told People in 1982, \"Fallon has lovers, but they don't mean anything to her\". Actor John James said of the relationship between Fallon and his character, her \"loving-but-unloved\" husband Jeff Colby, \"There's an attraction there in two people who know they're wrong for each other\".\n\nAlex Mar wrote for Slate:\n\nEmma Samms said at the time of her hiring, \"I'm always going for the sympathetic aspect of a character.\" She also noted, \"I'm not going to sit and watch hours of Pamela Sue so I can reproduce the kind of performance she gave. I want to be accepted as me.\" According to Samms, before Dynasty final season, producer David Paulsen asked her what she would like to do with Fallon. She explained in 1989, \"I said, 'I'd like to do more humorous stuff and be a bit more realistic character, not always the victim.' And that`s what he did. This year I was allowed to be a more real character.\"\n\nAppearances\n\nDynasty debuted in January 1981, with Pamela Sue Martin portraying Fallon. In 2006, she said of Forsythe, \"He really was like a father to me. I asked John to walk me down the aisle when I got married in real life, but he said, 'I think maybe you should ask your real dad.' I was just so attached to him.\" Martin left the series at the end of the fourth season in May 1984. In the storyline, a troubled Fallon leaves Jeff at the altar, and is later presumed dead in an offscreen plane crash. At the time, New York quoted Martin as calling television \"limiting\". USA Today reported in 2006 that Martin \"left Dynasty and acting when she felt her 'glib' character ... had been reduced to 'a victim'.\" In 2011, she said \"I became extremely famous during that time, and it was a little discomforting\". Executive producer Aaron Spelling wrote in his 1996 autobiography, \"After three seasons, Pamela Sue Martin wanted to leave Dynasty to get married and we didn't stand in her way.\"\n\nThe role was later recast with British actress Emma Samms, and Fallon reappears with amnesia at the end of the fifth season in the April 1985 episode \"Kidnapped\". In his 2004 television history book What Were They Thinking?, David Hofstede recounted that Samms had been suggested to Spelling by his young daughter, Tori, who was a fan of Samms in her role of Holly Scorpio on the daytime soap opera General Hospital. Samms, who had appeared in two episodes of Spelling's drama series Hotel in 1984 and 1985, met with Dynasty co-creator Esther Shapiro for a non-specific role, which led to her casting as Fallon. Samms said, \"The audience was so fond of the character that they were willing to accept a new actress playing the role.\" She added that the cast was welcoming, explaining \"It wasn't as if Pamela Sue had been fired. She left of her own volition, so there were no hard feelings.\" Samms appeared in eight episodes of the sixth season of Dynasty, and the character was spun off onto a separate series called The Colbys. A main character on The Colbys, Fallon continued to guest star on Dynasty, with Samms appearing in one episode at the end of the sixth season and two episodes of the seventh season. After the cancellation of The Colbys, Fallon (played by Samms) returned to Dynasty for its eighth season in the September 1987 season premiere episode \"The Siege\". Screening old episodes while developing the ninth season, new executive producer Paulsen felt that Samms was beautiful, but came across as \"stiff\". He considered trying to bring back Martin, but wanted to first meet with Samms. He said in 2008:\n\nAt the end of that 1988–1989 season, Paulsen told a shocked Samms his original plan. He said, \"I'm so glad I didn't replace her ... Emma worked out superbly.\" That season ended up as Dynasty last. Samms later reprised the role for the 1991 miniseries Dynasty: The Reunion.\n\nIn the 1989 episode \"Blasts from the Past\", Cheyenne Fitch portrayed Fallon as a child.\n\nStorylines\n\nDynasty (1981–1985)\n\nSeason 1\nAs Dynasty begins, spoiled Carrington heiress Fallon is underestimated by—and considered little more than a trophy to—her father, oil baron Blake. Though she is as cunning and intelligent as he is, there are no women in the family business. Still, Fallon is devoted to Blake and is wary and disdainful of his new wife (and former secretary) Krystle. Fallon is also close to her younger brother Steven, who is struggling with his sexual orientation. A promiscuous Fallon resumes her past affair with her father's chauffeur Michael Culhane. She has a flirtatious relationship with Blake's friend and business rival, Cecil Colby, and later agrees to marry Cecil's nephew, Jeff, to secure Cecil's assistance when her father's company runs into financial trouble. A jealous Michael tells Blake about Fallon's arrangement, causing friction between father and daughter. When Jeff learns that his marriage is just part of a business deal, he embarrasses Fallon by drunkenly broadcasting the details to a room full of party guests. Fallon is sympathetic to Jeff, but still does not feel she can return his love. Trying to protect Steven from Blake's wrath, she tries to keep Steven's ex-boyfriend Ted Dinard from contacting him but is unable to keep them apart. When Blake comes upon the two men in an embrace, he pushes Ted away from Steven. Ted falls, hits his head, and dies. Blake is arrested and charged with murder. Fallon lies about her father's mental state on the witness stand, in an attempt to protect him. When a mysterious woman is called into the courtroom, Fallon recognizes the witness as her mother.\n\nSeason 2\nThe surprise witness for the prosecution is Fallon's long-absent mother, Alexis. Fallon is furious as Alexis testifies against Blake, who is found guilty but does not have to serve jail time. Fallon is icy and, jealous of her daughter's love for Blake, a spiteful Alexis begins to spread the rumor that he is not Fallon's father. When Krystle announces she is pregnant, Fallon decides that she and Jeff should have a baby as well. Fallon begins an affair with Dr. Nick Toscanni, and Krystle is thrown from a horse in \"Viva Las Vegas\" and loses her baby. Fallon learns that she is pregnant in \"The Mid-East Meeting\", but decides to have divorce Jeff and have an abortion. Blake finds out and rushes to stop her, but when he arrives he learns that she could not go through with it. Hiding a longstanding grudge against Blake, Nick tries to seduce Krystle while he romances Fallon. His overtures toward Krystle do not go unnoticed by Fallon, who becomes petulant and jealous. She continues to rebuff Alexis despite their mutual dislike of Krystle. In \"The Party\", Fallon confronts her mother about the rumor that Blake is not her father. While driving together, Alexis reveals that she believes Cecil Colby is Fallon's father, and a horrified Fallon crashes the car. At the hospital, Fallon goes into premature labor and delivers a boy in \"The Baby\". In \"The Gun\", Blake demands a blood test which proves that he, not Cecil, is Fallon's father. Fallon and Jeff name their son Blake Carrington Colby, called \"Little Blake\", but in the 1982 season finale \"The Cliff\", Fallon discovers that the baby has been kidnapped.\n\nSeason 3\nClaudia Blaisdel, an unstable woman who lost her child, becomes the primary suspect in Little Blake's kidnapping. The baby's nanny, however, also has ties to the disgraced Nick. In a televised plea to return their grandson, Alexis and Blake reveal the shocking secret that their eldest child, Adam, had been kidnapped as an infant and was never returned. The kidnapper turns out to be Alfred Grimes, the father of the man whose affair with Alexis prompted Blake to exile her. Fallon asks for control of Blake's struggling hotel, La Mirada, which she remodels and renames La Mirage. Jeff is upset by Fallon's decision to work and accuses her of neglecting their child. Fallon flirts with Michael Torrance, a handsome stranger who is staying at the hotel, and they share a kiss. In \"The Siblings\", she is horrified to learn from Alexis that Michael is Adam, Fallon's long lost brother. Fallon hires Mark Jennings as her tennis instructor in \"Mark\", only to learn that he is Krystle's ex-husband, brought to Denver by Alexis to cause trouble for Blake. Fallon soon begins an affair with Mark, not knowing that he is also sleeping with her mother. Meanwhile, finally realizing that Krystle truly loves Blake, Fallon reaches out to her stepmother, and the two mend fences in \"Samantha\". Fallon hires Joseph's daughter, Kirby, to be her son's nanny. As Fallon's marriage to Jeff deteriorates, she is annoyed by Kirby's obvious designs on Jeff. His behavior becomes more erratic and violent, and he attacks Fallon after finding her in Mark's hotel room. Angry and upset, Fallon decides her marriage is finally over and flies to Haiti for a divorce. She continues her relationship with Mark, while Jeff marries Kirby on the rebound. Alexis tries to coerce Mark to end things with Fallon in \"The Vote\", but he refuses. In \"The Dinner\", however, Alexis arranges for Fallon to discover her in Mark's bed. Fallon learns that Jeff's odd behavior was caused by inhaling toxic chemicals in the paint used in his office, and comes to suspect Adam of deliberately causing it.\n\nSeason 4\n\nFallon and Jeff travel to Billings, Montana to investigate Adam's past and wind up sleeping together. They learn that Adam once tried a case in which a worker was poisoned by toxic paint fumes. She reveals the truth to Blake, but Adam has framed Alexis for the crime. Fallon becomes romantically involved with European tycoon Peter De Vilbis, and they soon become engaged. Blake, Jeff, and even Steven's wife Claudia warn her off the smarmy Peter. When one of Blake's prize racehorses is \"kidnapped\" and held for ransom, Fallon learns that Peter set it up to extort money from Blake. Upset and confused by Peter's betrayal, a despondent Fallon is hit by a car in \"The Accident\". Suffering a head injury, she is temporarily paralyzed. Fallon suddenly regains her ability to walk in time to save Little Blake from falling into the swimming pool. Although able to walk again, she is plagued by painful headaches and occasional seizures. Fallon and Jeff decide to remarry in \"The Birthday\", but on the eve of her wedding in \"The Nightmare\", Fallon suffers a particularly severe headache. After she fails to appear at the altar, Jeff goes to her room to investigate, only to find her wedding dress crumpled in the corner and the room empty. He glances out the window in time to see Fallon's car speeding off into the night. As Fallon speeds down the rainy highway, she screams as she barrels toward an oncoming truck.\n\nSeason 5\nJeff discovers the wreckage of Fallon's car, but no sign of her. He finds a trucker who gave her a ride to Portland and continues to search for her, suspecting that she is traveling with Peter. In \"Fallon\", Jeff learns that Peter died when his small twin-engine plane crashed. Investigators tell Jeff that the badly burned remains of a woman were found with him. Jeff goes to make an identification of the body and recognizes Fallon's engagement ring. Heartbroken, Jeff lashes out at her memorial service. Months later, in \"Kidnapped\", an amnesiac Fallon appears at a Los Angeles police station, calling herself Randall Adams. Desperately trying to learn her identity, she asks about missing person reports and disheartened to learn that no one is looking for her. In the season finale, \"Randall\" decides to leave Los Angeles, telling a sympathetic police detective that she feels drawn to the mountains—perhaps Denver.\n\nSeason 6\nIn \"The Aftermath\", Fallon notices the name \"Miles Colby\" in the newspaper and feels a glimmer of recognition. She tracks down and meets Miles, an irresponsible playboy, who is also Jeff's cousin. Miles has no idea that \"Randall\" is the presumed-dead Fallon, and he quickly falls in love with her. Blake, in a new business deal with Miles' father Jason Colby, invites the Colbys of California to Denver to celebrate in \"The Titans\". Fallon has a strong reaction as she and Miles arrive at the Carrington mansion, and she insists that they leave immediately. They drive off without going inside, but not before Jeff, who has long suspected that Fallon might be alive, sees her in the courtyard. In the November 20, 1985 episode \"The Decision\", Jeff vows to find Fallon and never let her go.\n\nThe Colbys (1985–1987)\n\nSeason 1\nA newly married Miles and Fallon arrive at the Colby mansion in the November 20, 1985 premiere of the spin-off series The Colbys. Jeff is there, but an amnesiac Fallon shows no recognition for him, or her father Blake, in \"Conspiracy of Silence\". The family decides not to tell Fallon her true identity, and to let her memory return on its own. Jeff, however, tries to subtly jog her memory, and introduces her to her young son L.B. In \"The Family Album\", she sees herself in a photo album, and L.B. identifies her as \"Mommy\". Realizing that she is Fallon, she confronts Miles and Jeff. A psychiatrist helps her regain her memory in \"A House Divided\", and she is torn between her feelings for Miles and Jeff. A patient Miles, also upset by his father's apparent extramarital love for Jeff's mother, finally explodes and forces himself on Fallon in \"Thursday's Child\". Fallon flees to Denver in the February 1986 Dynasty episode \"Souvenirs\", and Miles follows, seeking her forgiveness. Fallon and Miles sign papers annulling their marriage in The Colbys episode \"The Pact\", and Jeff and Fallon are brought closer when L.B. is hospitalized. She agrees to marry Jeff in \"Fallon's Choice\", and a devastated Miles uses evidence provided by his mother Sable to remove Jeff from Colby Enterprises by proving in court that his father is not Philip Colby. The plan backfires in \"Burden of Proof\" when Miles' father Jason declares in open court that he is Jeff's father as well. Fallon and Jeff remarry in \"The Wedding\", and Miles and Jeff call a truce. In the season one finale \"Checkmate\", Fallon tells Jeff that she is pregnant, but is soon alarmed to realize that the baby may have been fathered by Miles during the rape.\n\nSeason 2\nJeff and Fallon tell Miles about their baby in the season 2 premiere \"The Gathering Storm\", and Fallon admits to a furious Jeff that Miles could be the father in \"No Exit\". Miles marries a reporter, Channing Carter, who is threatened by Miles' lingering feelings for Fallon. Visiting Denver in the Dynasty episode \"Romance\", Fallon warns her younger sister Amanda, who is romantically involved with Fallon's former lover Michael Culhane, that Michael is not to be trusted. Sable discovers that Miles may be the father of Fallon's baby in \"Bloodlines\", and tells him in \"Deceptions\". Miles and Jeff have a brutal fight, during which Miles is almost killed by falling off the roof of the Colby Tower in \"And Baby Makes Four\". After Fallon threatens abortion to end the rivalry between Jeff and Miles, she and Jeff resolve to acknowledge Miles' rights should he prove to be the father. Fallon has a medical emergency at the Colby lodge in \"Reaching Out\", and Channing pretends the phone line is down in hopes that Fallon will lose her baby. The women remain at odds, but just when Channing is trying to make amends in \"All Fall Down\", Fallon falls down the stairs in a manner which looks like Channing pushed her. Miles is by Fallon's side as she gives birth to a daughter in \"Guilty Party\"; after a medical scare, the baby is determined to be Jeff's in \"Fallon's Baby\". Fallon makes friends with Channing and tries to help her with Miles, as Fallon and Jeff are finally happy. In the series finale \"Crossroads\", Fallon's car suddenly shuts down while she is driving down a deserted road. Leaving her car, she sees a UFO, which she boards before it takes off with her inside.\n\nDynasty (1987–1989)\n\nSeason 8\nIn the Dynasty season premiere \"The Siege - Part 1\", Jeff finds Fallon miles away from her car. In Denver, she eventually confides her UFO story to Jeff, but his disbelief puts a strain on their marriage. Their relationship is put under further pressure as Jeff becomes Blake's campaign manager in his run for governor of Colorado. Jeff's growing closeness to Fallon's cousin Leslie Carrington finally pushes Fallon to ask for a divorce in \"The Fair\". Blake puts Adam, Fallon, and Steven jointly in charge of Denver-Carrington during his gubernatorial race, and the siblings are soon at odds. Blake is implicated in an illegal weapons deal, but Fallon and Steven retrieve proof that he is innocent in \"The Trial\". Jeff has been secretly dating Steven's ex-wife Sammy Jo Carrington, and asks her to marry him in \"The Proposal\". Fallon confronts Jeff and they fall into bed in \"Colorado Roulette\", after which Sammy Jo arrives with champagne to accept Jeff's proposal.\n\nSeason 9\nJeff moves forward with his engagement to Sammy Jo but is conflicted over his feelings for Fallon. A body is discovered in a lake on the Carrington property, which turns out to be the decades-old corpse of Alexis' lover, Roger Grimes. In \"Alexis in Blunderland\", Sammy Jo finds out about Jeff and Fallon's one-night stand. She confronts Fallon and they fight in the mud, eventually realizing that neither of them wants Jeff anymore. Fallon becomes romantically involved with John Zorelli, the police detective investigating the Grimes case. This puts her at odds with Blake, but Zorelli's investigation also makes it difficult for Fallon and the detective to trust each other. In \"Blasts from the Past\", Fallon recalls that as a child, she killed Grimes to prevent him from attacking an unconscious Alexis. Her grandfather, Tom Carrington, had disposed of the body in a mine under the lake to protect her. In the series finale \"Catch 22\", Fallon and her half-sister Krystina are trapped in a cave-in inside the mine.\n\nThe Reunion (1991)\nThree years later in Dynasty: The Reunion, Fallon is living in California with Miles. After Jeff helps the Carringtons defeat the insidious Consortium, he and Fallon reconcile.\n\nReception\nPeople praised Samms as a successful replacement in 1985, but David Hofstede called her the \"Worst. Recast. Ever.\" in 2004, blaming the producers rather than Samms. A 1985 article in The Hollywood Reporter criticized the recast, and a spokesman for the show told Redbook, \"People have gotten hung up on the fact that Emma doesn't look anything like Pamela Sue. But the creators said, 'Look, that's not what we wanted to do. We needed someone who could capture the character.'\" Hofstede wrote that \"Samms never settled into the role, and could only make the best of a bad situation as her character was dropped into one ridiculous plotline after another.\"\n\nReboot\n\nA pilot for a Dynasty reboot for The CW was announced in September 2016. Elizabeth Gillies was cast as Fallon in February 2017, and the series premiered on October 11, 2017. In the new Dynasty, Fallon meets—and immediately loathes—her billionaire father Blake's fiancée Cristal, a rival employee at the family company. The reboot establishes the character's full name as Fallon Morell Carrington.\n\nCharacterization\nExecutive producer Josh Schwartz said of Fallon:\n\nAlexandra Jacobs of The New York Times noted that in the new series, \"Fallon has been upgraded from a somewhat lost soul, climbing in and out of beds and winsomely up trees...to an ambitious businesswoman, still sleeping with the chauffeur but now also leaning in with a steely glare.\" Gillies said, \"I'm not playing Alexis but Fallon has inherited a lot of her gusto...She's less passive than at least Pamela Sue Martin was—she had a relaxed nature. I wouldn’t say that my Fallon is as relaxed, for better or for worse. I think she's got a lot more bite.\" She said, \"I wanted to bring my own thing to her. I think she's feisty as ever.\" Calling Fallon \"strong-willed\" and \"ambitious\", Gillies later added, \"She's a force of nature...Fallon will go as far as she needs to go to get exactly what she wants. She's her father's daughter, so she's a master manipulator. But I do believe she has a conscience.\" Ahead of season two, Executive producer Sallie Patrick said, \"Pamela Sue Martin was fantastic on the original series, and I always loved her character, but at the same time there wasn’t much there [for her to do]. She was promiscuous, and Daddy's girl, and a troublemaker for sure, but we've really enjoyed adding layers to that character in our first season, and this season, especially, she's become more complex and flawed, and the glue of the family.\"\n\nStorylines\n\nSeason one\nIn the premiere episode \"I Hardly Recognized You\", heiress Fallon Carrington is unhappy to find her billionaire father Blake engaged to Cristal Flores. Fallon's plan to drive a wedge between them backfires, pushing up the wedding and securing Cristal the promotion to chief operating officer Fallon wanted for herself. Feeling underappreciated by Blake, Fallon sets herself up as his business rival, backed by Blake's nemesis, Jeff Colby. She is also sexually involved with the Carrington chauffeur, Michael Culhane. In \"Guilt is for Insecure People\", Blake blocks Fallon's use of the Carrington name for her new business venture, so she looks for leverage over him. She leaks a sex video of Cristal and her former lover Matthew Blaisdel to the press in \"Private as a Circus\". After her overconfidence costs her a lucrative contract, Fallon realizes she has to accept Jeff's input as well as his money. Blake learns that Fallon leaked Cristal's video in \"Company Slut\", and kicks her out of the mansion. In \"I Exist Only for Me\", Fallon is jealous that Michael is dating Kori Rucks, but their relationship withstands Fallon's meddling. Exiled from the Carrington Thanksgiving celebration by Blake, Fallon appears at Michael's church congregation dinner and meets his parents in \"A Taste of Your Own Medicine\". In \"The Best Things in Life\", Michael's relationship with Kori implodes over his lingering feelings for Fallon, who rebounds with Jeff. Fallon has a falling out with her best friend, Jeff's sister Monica Colby, in \"Rotten Things\". In \"A Well-Dressed Tarantula\", Fallon overcomes her reluctance to fully commit herself and her money to Jeff, but he is only marrying Fallon to secure her assets—especially her shares in Carrington Atlantic—for himself. Fallon helps Blake and Cristal turn the tables on Cristal's criminal brother-in-law Alejandro Raya, but is in turn abducted by Cristal's sister, Iris. Alejandro and Iris hold Fallon for ransom in \"I Answer to No Man\", and a captive Cristal helps Fallon escape.\n\nIn \"Nothing But Trouble\", Monica manipulates Fallon into accepting Jeff's marriage proposal, but Fallon discovers Jeff's duplicity and enlists Michael to help her against the Colbys. Their attempt to erase the data Jeff has stolen from the Carrington server fails in \"The Gospel According to Blake Carrington\", and Jeff's father Cesil Colby reveals to Fallon the crimes that Blake has committed against the Colbys. In \"Our Turn Now\", the Carringtons proceed with preparations for Fallon's wedding to Jeff as a distraction from their second attempt to erase Jeff's server. Jeff presents Fallon with full ownership of their company Morell Co and a plan for them to exchange 25% of Carrington Atlantic and Colby. On the eve of the wedding, Fallon asks Michael to marry her at the city hall, but he refuses, not wanting something so important to be part of a Carrington plot. With Fallon and Jeff at the altar and the server still not breached, Blake tries to stop the ceremony, but Fallon shuts him down. Afterward, she reveals to the stunned Colbys and her family that the marriage is invalid because she married someone else, Liam Ridley, the night before. Jeff's claim to 25% of Carrington Atlantic is therefore null and void, but Fallon now owns 25% of Colby. Jeff and Fallon's feud goes public in \"Poor Little Rich Girl\". Blake apologizes to Fallon and Steven for manipulating them, and his long-absent ex-wife Alexis—Fallon and Steven's mother—reappears. Fallon makes overtures to connect with her mother in \"Enter Alexis\", and Alexis tells Fallon that Blake bribed a judge to seize custody and exile her. Fallon soon discovers, however, that Alexis has not been living a life of luxury abroad, but is housed in a trailer nearby, and has stayed in touch with Steven. A furious Fallon confronts Alexis, and their catfight takes them into the pool. In \"Don't Con a Con Artist\", Steven refuses to believe Fallon's claim that Alexis is trying to sabotage Steven's engagement until Fallon manipulates Alexis into confessing. Fallon agrees to a date with Liam in \"Use or Be Used\", but cuts him loose when Alexis reveals that Liam is a journalist named Jack Lowden writing a tell-all. Fallon and Cristal work together to secure leverage over Blake in \"A Line from the Past\". Intending to publicly force her father to take responsibility for an environmental scandal he covered up, Fallon is dumbstruck when Blake announces her promotion to COO in Cristal's place. In \"Trashy Little Tramp\", Blake thwarts Fallon's plans for Carrington Atlantic. She visits Claudia looking for incriminating information on Blake, which she uses in a secret meeting with the Carrington Atlantic board. In \"Dead Scratch\", Fallon is named Carrington Atlantic's CEO, while Jeff and Monica reveal their Carrington heritage as the children of Blake's half-sister, and declare their intention to force a sale of the company. The Carringtons are trapped in the burning stable house during Steven and Sam's wedding, but Michael rescues Blake, Fallon, and Sam.\n\nSeason two\nIn the season two premiere episode, \"Twenty-Three Skidoo\", Fallon resumes her relationship with Michael but still has to pretend to be married to Liam to convince Liam's uncle, Max, to buy Carrington Atlantic. Max threatens to call off the deal if Fallon does not sleep with him in \"Ship of Vipers\", but he dies during a tryst with a prostitute Fallon hires to impersonate her.\nMeanwhile, Michael retrieves a signed document of the sale of Carrington Atlantic. The only copy Max Van Kirk signed before his death. Unbeknownst to Fallon, Michael has put himself on the line to get that copy for her. Liam, seeing that he may not have any chance with Fallon anymore, now that the company has been sold, releases photos of Fallon and Michael to the media. This does not look good on Fallon's image as she is supposedly married to Liam to the world. Fallon then plans a divorce party for herself and Liam, claiming it would stop the rumors. Liam confessed that he leaked the pictures because he is fighting for her. He gives a speech about how he hates (loves) her, and Fallon kisses him. She flees the scene and Liam goes after her. They are making out when Fallon sees Michael on the CCTV. Colby walks in on them. Liam storms out. Fallon tells Colby that she is confused because Michael is keeping secrets. \nJeff Colby tells Fallon that Michael is doing right by her. Because he knows that Michael decided to work with Ada just to save Fallon and get her the document signed by Max Van Kirk. Fallon decides to tell Liam off. \nShe tells him that what she has with Culhane is real. Liam tells her not to call him again.\n\nReception\nJames Poniewozik of The New York Times wrote that \"Gillies seizes the screen as the lusty, ambitious Fallon.\" Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly noted that \"Elizabeth Gillies channels [Joan] Collins' carnivorous ambition and Leighton Meester's imperial pout.\"\n\nReferences\n\nCrossover characters in television\nDynasty (franchise) characters\nFemale characters in television\nFictional characters from Colorado\nFictional female businesspeople\nFictional managers\nFictional socialites\nTelevision characters introduced in 1981" ]

[ "The Jay Leno Show", "Dispute over timeslot", "Who were they in dispute over the time slot with?", "The Jay Leno Show would be shortened to 30 minutes and begin airing weeknights at 11:35 pm ET, with Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Fallon's shows following", "what year did this happen?", "In early January 2010,", "Did Leno mind the time slot change?", "Leno immediately accepted the return to 11:35 p.m., calling the move \"all business.", "Did O'brien say anything?", "drafted a press release explaining why he felt it was unfair to him, his staff, Fallon, and the legacy of The Tonight Show to move the show past midnight.", "What about Fallon?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Anything Can Happen is a 1952 comedy-drama film.\n\nAnything Can Happen may also refer to:\n\n Anything Can Happen (album), by Leon Russell, 1994\n \"Anything Can Happen\", a 2019 song by Saint Jhn \n Edhuvum Nadakkum ('Anything Can Happen'), a season of the Tamil TV series Marmadesam\n \"Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour\", or \"Anything Can Happen\", a 2007 song by Enter Shikari\n Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour (EP), 2004\n\nSee also\n \"Anything Could Happen\", a 2012 song by Ellie Goulding \n Anything Might Happen, 1934 British crime film\n Special Effects: Anything Can Happen, a 1996 American documentary film\n \"Anything Can Happen on Halloween\", a song from the 1986 film The Worst Witch \n Anything Can Happen in the Theatre, a musical revue of works by Maury Yeston\n \"The Anything Can Happen Recurrence\", an episode of The Big Bang Theory (season 7)\n The Anupam Kher Show - Kucch Bhi Ho Sakta Hai ('The Anupam Kher Show — Anything Can Happen') an Indian TV show", "Tunnel vision is a term used when a shooter is focused on a target, and thus misses what goes on around that target. Therefore an innocent bystander may pass in front or behind of the target and be shot accidentally. This is easily understandable if the bystander is not visible in the telescopic sight (see Tunnel vision#Optical instruments), but can also happen without one. In this case, the mental concentration of the shooter is so focused on the target, that they fail to notice anything else.\n\nMarksmanship\nShooting sports" ]

[ "The Jay Leno Show", "Dispute over timeslot", "Who were they in dispute over the time slot with?", "The Jay Leno Show would be shortened to 30 minutes and begin airing weeknights at 11:35 pm ET, with Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Fallon's shows following", "what year did this happen?", "In early January 2010,", "Did Leno mind the time slot change?", "Leno immediately accepted the return to 11:35 p.m., calling the move \"all business.", "Did O'brien say anything?", "drafted a press release explaining why he felt it was unfair to him, his staff, Fallon, and the legacy of The Tonight Show to move the show past midnight.", "What about Fallon?", "I don't know.", "Did anything else of note happen in this time period?", "O'Brien received an outpouring of celebrity and viewer support for rejecting the move, while Leno received heavy criticism." ]

[ "James Douglas Muir Leno (; born April 28, 1950) is an American television host, comedian, and writer. After doing stand-up comedy for years, he became the host of NBC's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno from 1992 to 2009. Beginning in September 2009, he started a primetime talk show, The Jay Leno Show, which aired weeknights at 10:00pm ET, also on NBC. When it was canceled in January 2010 amid a timeslot and host controversy, Leno returned to hosting The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on March 1, 2010. He hosted his last episode of this second tenure on February 6, 2014. That year, he was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame. Since 2014, he has hosted Jay Leno's Garage, and the 2021 revival of You Bet Your Life.\n\nLeno writes a regular column in Popular Mechanics showcasing his car collection and giving automotive advice. He also writes occasional \"Motormouth\" articles for The Sunday Times.\n\nEarly life\nLeno was born April 28, 1950 in New Rochelle, New York. His homemaker mother, Catherine (née Muir; 1911–1993), was born in Greenock, Scotland, and came to the United States at age 11. His father, Angelo (1910–1994), was an insurance salesman born in New York to immigrants from Flumeri, Italy. Leno grew up in Andover, Massachusetts and graduated from Andover High School. He obtained a bachelor's degree in speech therapy from Emerson College, where he started a comedy club in 1973. His older brother, Patrick (May 12, 1940 – October 6, 2002), was a Vietnam War veteran who became an attorney.\n\nCareer\n\nEarly career\nLeno made his first appearance on The Tonight Show on March 2, 1977, performing a comedy routine. During the 1970s, he had minor roles in several television series and films, first in the 1976 episode \"J.J. in Trouble\" of Good Times, and the same year in the pilot of Holmes & Yo-Yo. After an uncredited appearance in the 1977 film Fun with Dick and Jane, he played more prominent roles in 1978 in American Hot Wax and Silver Bears. His other film and television appearances from that period include Almost Heaven (1978), \"Going Nowhere\" (1979) on One Day at a Time, Americathon (1979), Polyester (1981), \"The Wild One\" (1981) on Alice, and both \"Feminine Mistake\" (1979) and \"Do the Carmine\" (1983) on Laverne & Shirley. His only starring film role was the 1989 direct-to-video Collision Course, with Pat Morita. He also appeared numerous times on Late Night with David Letterman.\n\nHe also appeared on three weeks of the short-lived NBC game show Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour in 1983 and 1984.\n\nThe Tonight Show\n\nStarting in 1986, Leno was a regular substitute host for Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show. In 1992, he replaced Carson as host amid controversy with David Letterman, who had been hosting Late Night with David Letterman since 1982 (aired after The Tonight Show), and whom many—including Carson himself—expected to be Carson's successor. The story of this turbulent transition became the basis of a book and a movie. Leno continued to perform as a stand-up comedian throughout his Tonight Show tenure. In 1988, he received a contract extension with NBC itself.\n\nIn 2004, Leno signed a contract extension with NBC to retain him as host of The Tonight Show until 2009. Later in 2004, Conan O'Brien signed a contract with NBC to become the show's host in 2009, replacing Leno at that time.\n\nDuring the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike, Leno was accused of violating WGA guidelines by writing his own monologue for The Tonight Show. NBC and Leno claimed there were private meetings with the WGA where a secret agreement was reached allowing this, the WGA denied such meetings. Leno answered questions in front of the Writers Guild of America, West trial committee in February 2009 and June 2009, and when the WGAW published its list of strikebreakers on August 11, 2009, Leno was not on it.\n\nOn April 23, 2009, Leno checked himself into a hospital with an undisclosed illness. He was released the following day and returned to work on Monday, April 27. The two subsequently canceled Tonight Show episodes for April 23 and 24 were his first in 17 years as host. The illness was not initially disclosed, but Leno later told People magazine that it was for exhaustion.\n\nMichael Jackson trial\nDuring the 2005 trial of Michael Jackson over allegations of child molestation, Leno was one of a few celebrities who appeared as defense witnesses. In his testimony regarding a phone conversation with the accuser, Leno testified that he was not asked for any money and there did not appear to be any coaching—but the calls seemed unusual and scripted.\n\nAs a result, Leno was initially not allowed to tell jokes about Jackson or the case, which had been a fixture of The Tonight Shows opening monologue in particular. But he and his show's writers used a legal loophole by having Leno briefly step aside while stand-in comedians took the stage and told jokes about the trial. These stand-ins included Roseanne Barr, Drew Carey, Brad Garrett, and Dennis Miller. The gag order was challenged, and the court ruled that Leno could continue telling jokes about the trial as long as he did not discuss his testimony. Leno celebrated by devoting an entire monologue to Michael Jackson jokes.\n\nSuccession by Conan O'Brien; The Jay Leno Show\n\nBecause Leno's show continued to lead all late-night programming in the Nielsen ratings, the pending expiration of his contract led to speculation about whether he would become a late-night host for another network when his commitment to NBC expired. He left The Tonight Show on Friday, May 29, 2009, and Conan O'Brien took over on June 1, 2009.\n\nOn December 8, 2008, it was reported that Leno would remain on NBC and move to a new hour-long show at 10 p.m. Eastern Time (9 p.m. Central Time) five nights a week. It would follow a similar format to The Tonight Show, be filmed in the same studio, and retain many of Leno's most popular segments, while O'Brien continued to host The Tonight Show.\n\nLeno's new show, The Jay Leno Show, debuted on September 14, 2009. It was announced at the Television Critics Association summer press tour that it would feature one or two celebrities, occasional musical guests, and keep the popular \"Headlines\" segments, which would be near the end of the show. First guests included Jerry Seinfeld, Oprah Winfrey (via satellite), and a short sit-down with Kanye West discussing his controversy at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, which had occurred the night before.\n\nTimeslot conflict and return to The Tonight Show\n\nIn their new roles, neither O'Brien nor Leno succeeded in delivering the viewing audiences the network anticipated. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that beginning March 1, 2010, Leno would move from his 10 p.m. weeknight time slot to 11:35 p.m., due to a combination of pressure from local affiliates, whose newscasts were suffering, and both Leno's and O'Brien's poor ratings. Leno's show would be shortened from an hour to 30 minutes. All NBC late night programming would also be preempted by the 2010 Winter Olympics between February 15 and 26, moving The Tonight Show to 12:05  a.m., the first post-midnight timeslot in its history. O'Brien's contract stipulated that NBC could move the show ahead to 12:05 a.m. without penalty (a clause included primarily to accommodate sports preemptions).\n\nOn January 10, NBC confirmed that they would move Leno out of primetime as of February 12 and move him to late-night as soon as possible. TMZ reported that O'Brien was given no advance notice of this change, and that NBC offered him two choices: an hour-long 12:05 am time slot, or the option to leave the network. On January 12, O'Brien issued a press release that he would not continue with Tonight if it moved to a 12:05 a.m. time slot, saying, \"I believe that delaying The Tonight Show into the next day to accommodate another comedy program will seriously damage what I consider to be the greatest franchise in the history of broadcasting. The Tonight Show at 12:05 simply isn't The Tonight Show.\"\n\nOn January 21, it was announced that NBC had struck a deal with O'Brien: He would leave The Tonight Show, receive a $33 million payout, and his staff of almost 200 would receive $12 million in the departure. His final episode aired on Friday, January 22, 2010. Leno returned as host of The Tonight Show following the 2010 Winter Olympics on March 1, 2010.\n\nOn July 1, 2010, Variety reported that total viewership for Leno's Tonight Show had dropped from 5 million to 4 million for the second quarter of 2010, compared to the same period in 2009. Although it represented the show's lowest second-quarter ratings since 1992, Tonight was still the most-watched late night program, ahead of ABC's Nightline (3.7 million) and Late Show with David Letterman (3.3 million).\n\nAnnouncement of successor\nOn April 3, 2013, NBC announced that Leno would leave The Tonight Show in spring 2014, with Jimmy Fallon as his designated successor.\n\nLeno's final show as the host of The Tonight Show was on February 6, 2014, with guests Billy Crystal (who was the first guest on the first version of Leno's show), musical guest Garth Brooks, and surprise guests Jack Black, Kim Kardashian, Jim Parsons, Sheryl Crow, Chris Paul, Carol Burnett and Oprah Winfrey.\n\nAfter The Tonight Show\n\nLeno has maintained an active schedule as a touring stand-up comedian, doing an average of 200 live performances a year in venues across the United States and Canada and at charity events and USO tours. He has also appeared on the Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon and Late Night with Seth Meyers, and was a guest on the finale of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson. He appeared in a cameo role drilling and tormenting James Corden in a facetious boot camp for talk-show hosts on the premiere of The Late Late Show with James Corden. He declined an invitation to appear on Late Show with David Letterman despite speculation he would appear on the show's finale.\n\nLeno hosted a one-hour Jay Leno's Garage special on CNBC, and the show has aired as a primetime series on the cable channel since 2015.\n\nLeno also had a recurring role in the Tim Allen comedy series Last Man Standing since season 5, playing a mechanic, Joe Leonard, in a store operated by Allen's character, Mike Baxter.\n\nLeno has hosted the third revival of the game show You Bet Your Life since its premiere in fall 2021. It has been renewed for a second season.\n\nLeno also does voice acting, such as The Crimson Chin on The Fairly Odd Parents from 2001 to 2016 and Billy Beagle of Mickey and the Roadster Racers.\n\nPublic image\n\nCriticism\n\nLeno has faced heated criticism and some negative publicity for his perceived role in the 2010 Tonight Show conflict. Critics have cited a 2004 Tonight Show clip where Leno said he would allow O'Brien to take over without incident. At the time, Leno said he did not want O'Brien to leave for a competing network, adding, \"I'll be 59 when [the switch occurs]. That's five years from now. There's really only one person who could have done this into his 60s, and that was Johnny Carson; I think it's fair to say I'm no Johnny Carson.\" Leno also described The Tonight Show as a dynasty, saying, \"You hold it and hand it off to the next person. And I don't want to see all the fighting.\" At the end of the segment, he said, \"Conan, it's yours! See you in five years, buddy!\"\n\nRosie O'Donnell was among O'Brien's most vocal and vehement supporters, calling Leno a \"bully\" and his actions \"classless and kind of career-defining\". Bill Zehme, the co-author of Leno's autobiography Leading with My Chin, told the Los Angeles Times, \"The thing Leno should do is walk, period. He's got everything to lose in terms of public popularity by going back. People will look at him differently. He'll be viewed as the bad guy.\"\n\nIn 2009, Leno received minor criticism for asking rapper Kanye West how his recently deceased mother, Donda West, would have felt about the incident at the 2009 VMAs, causing West to begin crying live on air.\n\nHoward Stern has also been a harsh critic of Leno before and following his Tonight Show timeslot-change announcement; Stern appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in 2006 and said he felt it was unlikely that Leno would ever willingly give up The Tonight Show. During the conflict, Stern made many negative remarks about Leno as a guest on Late Show with David Letterman.\n\nLeno has also been criticized for the perceived change in the content of his monologues from his previous stand-up material. Actor and comedian Patton Oswalt was among the celebrities who openly voiced disappointment with Leno, saying, \"Comedians who don't like Jay Leno now, and I'm one of them, we're not like, 'Jay Leno sucks'; it's that we're so hurt and disappointed that one of the best comedians of our generation ... willfully has shut the switch off.\"\n\nIn August 2020, Leno faced criticism for expressing support for Ellen DeGeneres despite a workplace investigation into toxic behavior and sexual misconduct and harassment claims against producers of The Ellen DeGeneres Show.\n\nSupport for Leno\nNBC Sports chairman and former Saturday Night Live producer Dick Ebersol spoke out against all who had criticized Leno, calling them \"chicken-hearted and gutless\". Jeff Gaspin, then chairman of NBC Universal Television Entertainment, also defended Leno, saying, \"This has definitely crossed the line. Jay Leno is the consummate professional and one of the hardest-working people in television. It's a shame that he's being pulled into this.\" Fellow comedians Paul Reiser, Jerry Seinfeld and Jim Norton (a frequent contributor to The Tonight Show) also voiced support for Leno.\n\nResponding to the mounting criticism, Leno said NBC had assured him that O'Brien was willing to accept the proposed arrangement and that they would not let either host out of his contract. He also said that the situation was \"all business\", and that all of the decisions were made by NBC. He appeared on the January 28, 2010 episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show in an attempt to repair some of the damage done to his public image.\n\nInfluences\nLeno's comedic influences include Johnny Carson, Robert Klein, Alan King, David Brenner, Mort Sahl, George Carlin, Don Rickles, Bob Newhart, and Rodney Dangerfield.\n\nDennis Miller and Jerry Seinfeld have credited Leno as their inspiration.\n\nPersonal life\n\nLeno has been married to Mavis Leno since 1980; they have no children. In 1993, during his first season as host of The Tonight Show, Leno's mother died at the age of 82; and the next year, his father died at 84. Leno's older brother, Patrick, a Vietnam veteran and graduate of Yale Law School, died of cancer in 2002 at the age of 62.\n\nLeno is known for his prominent jaw, which has been described as mandibular prognathism. In the book Leading with My Chin, he says he was aware of surgery that could reset his mandible, but that he did not wish to endure a prolonged healing period with his jaws wired shut.\n\nLeno is dyslexic. He claims to need only four or five hours of sleep each night. He does not consume alcohol, smoke, or gamble. He spends much of his free time visiting car collections and working in his private garage.\n\nLeno has claimed that he has not spent any of the money he earned from The Tonight Show, but lives off of his money from his stand-up routines. He reportedly earned $32 million in 2005. In 2014, he received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Emerson College, where he also delivered the commencement speech.\n\nCharity\nIn 2001, he and his wife donated $100,000 to the Feminist Majority Foundation's campaign to stop gender apartheid in Afghanistan, to educate the public regarding the plight of women in Afghanistan under Taliban rule. Mavis Leno is on the board of the Feminist Majority.\n\nIn 2009, he donated $100,000 to a scholarship fund at Salem State College (now Salem State University) in honor of Lennie Sogoloff, who gave Leno his start at his jazz club, Lennie's-on-the-Turnpike.\n\nIn August 2012, Leno auctioned his Fiat 500, which was sold for $385,000 with all the proceeds going to a charity that helps wounded war veterans recover by providing them with temporary housing.\n\nLove Ride\nSince 1985, Leno has been the Grand Marshal for the Love Ride, a motorcycle charity event which since its founding in 1984 has raised nearly $14 million for charities benefiting muscular dystrophy research, Autism Speaks, and in 2001, the September 11 attacks recovery.\n\nVehicle collection\n\nLeno owns approximately 286 vehicles (169 cars and 117 motorbikes). He also has a website and a TV program called Jay Leno's Garage, which contains video clips and photos of his car collection in detail, as well as other vehicles of interest to him. Leno's Garage Manager is Bernard Juchli. Among his collection are two Doble steam cars, a sedan and a roadster that were owned by Howard Hughes, the fifth Duesenberg Model X known to survive, and one of nine remaining 1963 Chrysler Turbine Cars. The collection also includes three antique electric cars — the 1925 Baker Motor Vehicle is his wife Mavis' favorite car.\n\nHe has a regular column in Popular Mechanics which showcases his car collection and gives advice about various automotive topics, including restoration and unique models, such as his jet-powered motorcycle and solar-powered hybrid. Leno also writes occasional \"Motormouth\" articles for The Sunday Times, reviewing high-end sports cars and giving his humorous take on motoring matters.\n\nLeno opened his garage to Team Bondi, the company that developed the 2011 video game L.A. Noire, which is set in Los Angeles in the late-1940s. Leno's collection contains almost one hundred cars from this period, and allowed the team to recreate their images as accurately as possible.\n\nPolitics\nHosting the 2014 Genesis Prize award ceremony in Jerusalem, Leno made jokes mocking then-President Barack Obama and then-Secretary of State John Kerry, accusing Obama of \"trying to break\" the U.S.'s relationship with Israel.\n\nIn a 2015 interview with The Jerusalem Post, Leno said, \"I always considered Israel as not only the only democracy in the Middle East, I think it’s the purest, because every Israeli voter seems to have his own political party.\" He also added about Israel's relations with other Middle East countries: \"Israel is so efficient in defending itself and so good at it, that to the rest of the world it looks like bullying.\"\n\nFilmography\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n Tonight Show with Jay Leno episodes\n Jay Leno's Garage (NBC)\n An interview with Jay Leno, Totalcar magazine\n The New York Times on Leno's affiliation with McPherson College\n Live performance videos from the Tonight Show\n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n1950 births\nLiving people\n20th-century American comedians\n20th-century American male actors\n21st-century American comedians\n21st-century American male actors\nAmerican car collectors\nAmerican male comedians\nAmerican male film actors\nAmerican male television actors\nAmerican male television writers\nAmerican male voice actors\nAmerican people of Italian descent\nAmerican people of Scottish descent\nAmerican stand-up comedians\nAmerican television writers\nAmerican YouTubers\nMale YouTubers\nBentley University alumni\nComedians from Massachusetts\nComedians from New York (state)\nEmerson College alumni\nLas Vegas shows\nLate night television talk show hosts\nMale actors from New Rochelle, New York\nMark Twain Prize recipients\nPeople from Andover, Massachusetts\nPeople with dyslexia\nPrimetime Emmy Award winners\nScreenwriters from Massachusetts\nScreenwriters from New York (state)\nTelevision personalities from New Rochelle, New York\nTelevision producers from New York (state)", "The 2010 Tonight Show conflict was a media and public relations conflict involving the American television network NBC and two of its late-night talk show hosts, Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno, over the timeslot and hosting duties of long-running franchise The Tonight Show.\n\nLeno, the host of The Tonight Show since 1992, and O'Brien, host of Late Night since 1993, were strong ratings leaders for NBC for much of the decade. In 2001, when O'Brien's contract neared its end and he was courted by other networks, NBC agreed to extend his contract and eventually make him the fifth host of The Tonight Show. The network neglected to tell Leno about this arrangement until 2004, when they informed him that O'Brien would take over as host in five years. When that time arrived, in 2009, NBC tried to keep both of its late-night stars by offering Leno a nightly primetime show before the local news and O'Brien's Tonight Show.\n\nThe Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien and The Jay Leno Show did not immediately receive strong ratings, and NBC affiliates complained of declining viewership. NBCUniversal CEO Jeff Zucker, alongside NBC chairman Jeff Gaspin and executive Rick Ludwin, created a remedy: return Leno to his 11:35 pm start time and bump O'Brien a half-hour later, to 12:05 am. O'Brien and his staff were disappointed and furious; when it became clear O'Brien would not agree to the proposed changes, the situation grew heated. Though not a breach of either host's contract, the change resulted in a public outcry and public demonstrations largely in support of O'Brien.\n\nO'Brien's public statement that he would \"not participate in the destruction of The Tonight Show\" led to negotiations with NBC for a settlement. O'Brien and his staff received (equivalent to about $ million in ) to walk away from the network, with his final Tonight Show airing January 22, 2010; Leno was reinstated as host that March, while after a contractual seven-month ban on appearing on television, O'Brien moved to TBS to host Conan. The controversy surrounding the scheduling move and the reinstatement of Leno was described by media outlets as \"embarrassing\" and a \"public relations disaster\" for NBC.\n\nBackground\n\nOn May 22, 1992, Johnny Carson, host of NBC's The Tonight Show for nearly thirty years, retired from the program at the age of 66. NBC signed Jay Leno, Carson's \"permanent guest host\", to become the program's fourth host upon Carson's exit. Carson clearly held the view that the position should be given to David Letterman, host of his own program, Late Night, which had directly followed Carson's Tonight Show for ten years. NBC tried to appease both stars, but Letterman left the network in a very public conflict that resulted in the creation of his own competing show on CBS, which began in 1993. Late Show with David Letterman, \"the first truly substantial competing franchise to Tonight\", regularly won in the Nielsen ratings against Leno for two years, \"proving for the first time that late-night television—and the profits that came with it—could exist beyond The Tonight Show.\"\n\nLeno's Tonight Show started rocky; prior to Letterman's move, NBC considered matching CBS's offer to allow Letterman to take over from Leno. Letterman beat Leno for nearly two years until August 1995, when Leno welcomed Hugh Grant, who had recently been arrested for soliciting a prostitute (\"What the hell were you thinking?\", Leno asked, to applause), to a previously-booked appearance on Tonight. From that point on, Leno beat Letterman in the ratings, and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno remained number one for the next fourteen years (for Leno's entire run).\n\nNBC chose to continue the Late Night franchise, and at the suggestion of Saturday Night Live producer Lorne Michaels, hired Conan O'Brien, a relatively unknown writer for SNL and The Simpsons, to take over the time slot beginning in late 1993. Late Night with Conan O'Brien was constantly at risk for cancellation in its early years; at one low point in 1994, NBC threatened to put O'Brien on a week-to-week contract. Executives were anxious to replace him with Greg Kinnear, who followed O'Brien with Later at 1:30 am., but Kinnear left to pursue a career in acting later on. Interns filled empty seats in O'Brien's audience while affiliates began to inquire about replacement hosts. Things improved for Late Night slowly (mostly revolving around O'Brien's performance) and by 1996, O'Brien's audience, largely young and male (a coveted demographic), grew steadily and the show began to beat competitors in the ratings, which it would continue to do for fifteen years.\n\nA notable episode of O'Brien's tenure on Late Night came when Letterman asked to appear as a guest and say some kind words to him. O'Brien considered this the turning point that changed everything for him, which he mentioned while paying tribute to Letterman in an opening monologue of his own talk show on TBS, which aired the same night as Letterman's final show; O'Brien notably asked his viewers to turn him off and watch Letterman later on in the monologue.\n\nEarly history\n\nContract renewals (2001–2004)\nNear the turn of the millennium, NBC's late-night lineup—Leno at 11:35, O'Brien at 12:35, and Saturday Night Live on the weekend—remained a leader in the ratings. By 2001, O'Brien's contract at NBC had less than a year left to run, and despite arguably \"coming into his own\" in the preceding years, the network was reluctant to pay him on the same scale as other late-night hosts. That year, competing network Fox mounted an \"extended, comprehensive campaign\" to lure O'Brien away from NBC, viewing his style suitable for Fox's image—\"young, hip, somewhat subversive\". News Corporation chairman and CEO Peter Chernin pursued O'Brien personally, taking him and executive producer Jeff Ross to dinner on several occasions. Fox's plan involved making O'Brien the network's signature star: his program would begin thirty minutes before Leno's and Letterman's (the network's local news broadcasts aired earlier than other networks, allowing the head start) and he would receive cross-promotion via its animated programming block and on Sunday NFL games. Chernin also offered the host seven times his current pay (a jump from US$3 million to US$21 million). Ross, friends with NBC president and CEO Jeff Zucker, informed him that Fox was aggressively pursuing O'Brien; NBC returned with a more realistic offer, bumping up O'Brien's salary to US$8 million and renewing him through 2005.\n\nWhile many of O'Brien's professional advisors and managers pushed for the Fox deal, O'Brien's desire to one day perhaps take over The Tonight Show after Leno made it a difficult decision (O'Brien, like many comedians, had grown up idolizing Carson's incarnation). Chernin warned O'Brien that waiting around for Leno to leave would be \"only an invitation to long-term disappointment, and potentially a path toward undermining a promising career.\" Nevertheless, O'Brien signed a new deal with NBC in March 2002; the contract extended him through 2005 and most significantly contained an \"explicit Prince of Wales clause\" that solidified the official line of succession: If anything were to happen to Leno, O'Brien would step in. O'Brien's successful hosting job at the 2002 54th Primetime Emmy Awards \"sent out the most resounding message yet about his growing strength as a performer\", and a year later, NBC broadcast O'Brien's tenth anniversary special in primetime. By the time Leno's contract again came up for renewal, a discussion would be needed regarding the future of The Tonight Show. Facing the prospect of attempting to keep both Leno and O'Brien, Zucker made the final call on Leno's deal: \"Yes, we'll extend your deal. But this is your last contract. Time to hand over the keys.\" The plan would extend Leno four additional years, after which he would give The Tonight Show to O'Brien.\n\nIn February 2004, NBC executive Marc Graboff informed Ross of the conversations, and he in turn ran the idea of waiting four more years to O'Brien, who was immediately receptive. Zucker, along with top late-night executive Rick Ludwin, met with Leno in March at his Burbank studio to discuss the contract extension, and explained NBC's stance on handing over the show to O'Brien. While Leno quietly felt both disappointed and befuddled, he noted he did not want to see himself and O'Brien go through the same dilemma he and Letterman faced twelve years earlier and agreed to the plans. His only request was that NBC wait to announce O'Brien's installment as host well after the extension, to which the executives agreed. While Leno handled the news professionally (to Zucker's relief), he soon headed to Tonight Show producer Debbie Vickers' office to let her know he felt as if he had just been fired. NBC's announcement of the renewal inevitably led to press speculation on O'Brien's fate; to that end, O'Brien and his team went with the charade, peppering interviews with unclear, vague statements on his future. On September 27, 2004, O'Brien officially signed on to become the next host of The Tonight Show; NBC allowed the first comment aside from the press release to come from Leno on that night's show. \"'Cause this, you know, this show is like a dynasty,\" Leno said. \"You hold it, and then you hand it off to the next person. And I don't want to see all the fighting and all the 'Who's better?' and nasty things back and forth in the press. So right now, here it is—Conan, it's yours! See you in five years, buddy!\"\n\nLosing Leno (2005–2008)\n\nIn reality, Leno was incredulous. In private conversations, he likened his removal from The Tonight Show to the end of a relationship, noting that he was loyal and still ended up \"heartbroken\". From his perspective, NBC's decision made no sense, as his show had remained number one in ratings and consistently brought in money. He began frequently lamenting his confusion to producer Vickers, explaining that he was \"sick of lying\" when people inquired on his retirement. Eventually, Leno began mulling over his options after Tonight, telling his staff that after the transition, they could simply move to ABC and work at the Disney lot not far from their current Burbank studio. His frustration with the situation came across in his nightly monologues, as more jokes regarding NBC's fourth-place position in the ratings, as well as jokes regarding the future transition, began to appear. While NBC executives tended to not worry in the immediate years following the decision, by 2007 Zucker began to ponder what losing Leno might mean for the network. Around this time, Fox and ABC began to court Leno privately, conveying interest and holding discreet conversations.\n\nAmong the offers made to Leno by NBC's competitors were a lucrative one for a syndicated program by Sony Pictures Television. In early 2008, Zucker began to make trips to the Burbank studio in an effort to keep Leno. He gave him numerous suggestions, including a Bob Hope-type deal (high-profile specials), a Sunday night primetime show, or even a nightly cable show on USA Network (owned by NBCUniversal). Executives began to entertain an ideal solution—pay off O'Brien and retain Leno—but Zucker viewed the idea as \"outrageous\". By this time, NBC had already broken ground on a new studio for O'Brien's Tonight Show, renovating Stage 1 at the Universal lot in Universal City, for a reported US$50 million. During a spring lunch meeting with Ross, NBC Sports chief Dick Ebersol advised that O'Brien retire silly antics (such as his signature \"string dance\") and focus more on pitching his show to middle America, which would involve stretching out his monologue. O'Brien, then a year away from inheriting The Tonight Show, was indeed lengthening his monologue, but viewed suggestions from Ludwin as largely unnecessary: \"I think people are overthinking the twelve-thirty-to-eleven-thirty shift\", he said, instead desiring to put his own stamp on the show's tradition. By this point, O'Brien's high popularity at the time of the contract signing had gone down slightly. He had opted not to change his act to suit a more mainstream audience as NBC imagined he would, and CBS's Craig Ferguson, who occupied the post-Letterman slot as host of The Late Late Show, had begun to occasionally beat O'Brien in overall ratings. Though internal anxiety increased among executives, most tended to still support O'Brien.\n\nZucker's last resort for Leno was a nightly 10 pm program. As ratings had slipped entirely for 10 pm shows on NBC, he imagined a nightly Leno in that timeslot could perhaps produce a \"paradigm shift\" and reverse NBC's fortunes. On December 8, 2008, Leno verbally agreed to stay at the network—producing a nightly 10 pm variety show titled The Jay Leno Show—and phoned ABC and Fox to inform them. Zucker and Ludwin planned to meet with O'Brien later to explain the deal, but as word leaked out to The New York Times, they decided to meet with him directly following that night's show. Following the meeting, Ross and O'Brien met with writers and mulled over the decision. O'Brien instantly felt uneasy, but as he was still in essence receiving The Tonight Show, he remained calm. Late Night with Conan O'Brien officially signed off the following February, followed by The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on May 29. Much of O'Brien's entire staff moved cross-country to Los Angeles to prepare his version of The Tonight Show. He and his staff threw themselves into developing the program, but remained concerned regarding NBC's commitment—or lack of one. Meanwhile, senior-level executives at NBC predicted that Leno's show would be roundly beaten by hour-long dramas on competing networks and cable, dooming the network's experiment.\n\nIn announcing his 10 pm show on The Tonight Show, Leno said, \"People are asking me, 'What are you going to do after the last show? Are you going to go on vacation?' This kind of stuff. Actually, I'm going to a secluded spot where no one can find me: NBC primetime. As most of you know, we're not really leaving. We're coming back at 10 o'clock in September. It's a gamble. It's a gamble. I'm betting everything that NBC will still be around in three months! That is not a given!\"\n\nRatings\n\nThe Tonight Show and The Jay Leno Show debut\nThe Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien pulled in over nine million viewers to its June 1, 2009, premiere, doing extremely well in the coveted young demographics. Critics were generally very favorable; Tom Shales of The Washington Post, once an O'Brien detractor, wrote that, \"There's every indication that O'Brien will be up to the job of his illustrious predecessors.\" Each night, older audiences gradually turned off the program as it aired; seven episodes later, Letterman's show had edged above O'Brien's for the first time. While Zucker called O'Brien to reiterate that the generational change was expected, other executives were not as pleased. O'Brien and his team were not happy with the lack of promotion in the show's early weeks. Against the wishes of several PR executives, Zucker authorized a press release proclaiming O'Brien \"the New King of Late Night\", a move that attracted ridicule. Zucker later regretted the decision, and many at O'Brien's Tonight Show offices were displeased.\n\nOver the following weeks, Zucker grew weary with O'Brien's performance and what he regarded as a booking of the wrong stars. When a controversy erupted over a joke Letterman told regarding politician Sarah Palin's family, Zucker eagerly pushed the O'Brien camp to bring her on their show, eyeing an opportunity to regain viewers and perhaps make it a turning point for a show not doing particularly well. O'Brien disliked the idea, finding it pandering to viewers that would alienate fans and the press, as well as hurt his relationship with Letterman. \"This reaction drove Zucker nuts\", wrote Bill Carter in The War for Late Night. \"As a producer, he knew how to manipulate audiences—that was simply what you did as part of the job. [ ... ] As a boss, he couldn't believe Conan would stand in the way of what was obviously the smart business move—for him and his network.\" Meanwhile, Letterman continued to score higher ratings than O'Brien with regularity; his fall interview with U.S. President Barack Obama topped The Tonight Show by over 2.6 million viewers, and the next week, a scandal involving attempted extortion and personal affairs made Letterman the talk of the country. By August, The Tonight Show was still losing to Letterman in total viewers, but, owing to O'Brien's appeal to a young audience, maintained its lead in the touted demographics.\n\nMeanwhile, Leno was candid regarding his plans for his new show: \"Even though it's ten o'clock, we're going to pretend it's eleven thirty.\" The Jay Leno Show premiered on September 14, 2009, featuring guests Jerry Seinfeld and Kanye West, shortly after West's infamous rant against Taylor Swift at the MTV Video Music Awards. The program racked up 18.4 million viewers, doing much better than O'Brien's Tonight Show debut in both overall numbers and young demographics. Some critics were harsh with Leno's program, with many viewing it as a rehash of the show he had just left. Mary McNamara of the Los Angeles Times said one of its sponsors' commercials was funnier than the show itself, saying, \"This is the future of television? This wasn't even a good rendition of television past.\" By the show's second week, which saw it airing directly opposite season premieres, The Jay Leno Show saw its audience size fall to six million viewers. As the weeks wore on, producer Vickers noticed that NBC's plan—to save the best segments, such as Leno's signature \"Headlines\", for last in order to provide a strong lead-in for local news—was possibly hurting the program. One month in, Leno often only made third place, and executives became more uneasy.\n\nSlipping numbers\nRatings for NBC affiliates' local news broadcasts at 11 pm began to slip by mid-October, especially on NBC owned-and-operated stations in the largest markets, creating high anxiety for the network. The Tonight Show still retained a slightly higher share of the coveted 18–24 demographic against Letterman, but saw those numbers slip even more when The Jay Leno Show began. Affiliates began to complain, and in addition to a domino effect on the local news, O'Brien, and his 12:30 am successor, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, the disastrous ratings for Leno had damaged NBC's existing primetime lineups. This cascading effect caused by the lowered 10 pm lead-in was so significant that local news viewership fell an average of twenty-five percent nationwide, with the decline in some markets being as high as fifty percent. By November, two months after the debut of The Jay Leno Show, ratings for The Tonight Show were brought down \"roughly two million viewers a night year-to-year\" from when Leno hosted the program. Clearing the 10 pm time period for Leno also damaged relations with the producers of scripted shows that previously occupied that slot, such as Dick Wolf of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Leno offered an October 29 interview to Broadcasting & Cable, which included a notable exchange on the possibility of ever returning to the 11:35 slot: \"If it were offered to me, would I take it? If that's what they wanted to do, sure. That would be fine if they wanted to.\" Industry trades were abuzz over the 11:35 comment, and when Conan sidekick Andy Richter called the move less than \"classy\" in a chat with TV Squad, Leno called Ludwin to complain.\n\nAs most programs went into repeats in December, Leno's staff, notably Vickers, had focused on grabbing big-name guests for that month in an effort to save The Jay Leno Show; these efforts were cut short when she was informed they had \"until the end of November\". Affiliate calls came at an alarming rate, and research analysis revealed O'Brien's drastically reduced median age for The Tonight Show—age 56 to 46—could possibly reflect that he was too \"niche\" for the earlier time. Any effort to take Leno off the air was halted by his contract, which had a highly unusual \"pay-and-play\" provision, in contrast to the typical \"pay-or-play\" agreement, which guaranteed NBC would both air his program and pay him for up to two years. On November 6, NBC chairman Jeff Gaspin received an email from the sales division with a suggestion to cancel O'Brien and reinstate Leno as host of The Tonight Show. Upon Gaspin's legal interpretation of Leno's contract, the option to simply move Leno back to The Tonight Show became relevant. When very poor ratings came in for the November sweeps period, affiliates became alarmed, and NBC board members demanded something be done regarding the 10 pm lead-in.\n\nIf something were not done by January, the affiliates reasoned, they would instate syndicated programming or move up their news broadcasts and pre-empt The Jay Leno Show. Desperate for a decision, Ludwin, Gaspin, and Zucker kicked around possible solutions for their dilemma, such as cutting Leno to a few nights per week. In an attempt to alleviate the situation, Vickers moved the most popular comedy segments to the second act of The Jay Leno Show, moving their \"10 at 10\" segment to later in the broadcast. Gaspin again received the suggestion to put Leno back at 11:35, and soon began working on a plan to cut The Jay Leno Show to a half-hour, leading into Conan's Tonight Show around midnight. From their perspective, the biggest casualty in this scenario would be Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, which would get bumped to 1 am. The reconfigured lineup could start in March 2010, following NBC's coverage of the Winter Olympics. Zucker preferred a plan for Leno to include an occasional guest and comedy piece, while Ebersol favored returning to the way it once was, with Leno at 11:35 and O'Brien at 12:35. Gaspin laid out his plan to Zucker one week before Christmas, but both agreed to wait it out for the new year, as to not \"ruin anybody's holiday season\".\n\nConflict\n\nProposed changes\n\nThe plan moved forward after confirmation that O'Brien's contract did not guarantee a strict 11:35pm start time (a loophole included primarily to accommodate sports pre-emptions and specials such as the network's New Year coverage). Gaspin planned to disclose the news to Leno first, and then, if all went well, inform O'Brien the following week. When Gaspin laid out the proposal to Leno and Vickers, the response was positive, even though they questioned how such a plan would work. Gaspin reasoned that NBC was in a desperate situation, and he indicated his confidence that O'Brien would go along with the changes too. While Leno embraced the plan, Vickers was unnerved; without a guest or music act, she might have no studio audience, which could have disastrous consequences for Leno. In order to meet with O'Brien the following Monday, Gaspin was forced to cancel a meeting with the affiliate board, but promised them that by doing so, he would have an answer to the 10 pm problem that would \"likely be something [they'd be] happy with\". After his January 6 show, O'Brien met with manager Gavin Polone, and lamented his anxiety with the ratings: \"I just think [Leno] is going to hurt me in some way.\"\n\nNews regarding Leno leaked to FTV Live by the following morning, which set the Internet abuzz with rumors regarding both Leno's and O'Brien's fates. Gaspin scheduled an immediate meeting with Ross and O'Brien as soon as they arrived and explained the proposed changes. \"I know how hard I worked for this\", responded O'Brien. \"It was promised to me. I had a shitty lead-in.\" Following the tense fifteen-minute meeting, O'Brien and Ross returned to the Tonight studio. TMZ reported on the story with a headline reading, \"NBC Shakeup; Jay Leno Comes Out on Top.\" O'Brien called an emergency staff meeting and assured all that they had not been canceled and all would be fine. The TMZ story deeply bothered O'Brien (\"the timing of the leak to TMZ—coming so soon after a story that Jay had been canceled—screamed of an attempt at diversionary action\"), and he and Ross reasoned that they indeed were the last to be told of the changes.\n\nBy the following morning, O'Brien and Ross determined that they would have to leave NBC, and O'Brien opened that night's show with, \"We've got a great show for you tonight—I have no idea when it will air, but it's gonna be a great show.\" Polone viewed the move as a reactionary one by Zucker, concluding that he was acting in self-preservation, since NBCUniversal owner General Electric (GE) was in the process of negotiating the sale of a controlling interest in the company to cable operator Comcast. When a story ran that night on The New York Times website that Fox had an \"overt interest\" in O'Brien and was not going along with the plan, Zucker reasoned that Polone was to blame. The situation became heated when Zucker placed a call to O'Brien's agent, Rick Rosen, inquiring on the story and demanding an immediate answer from the O'Brien camp. Gaspin spoke about the situation at a previously scheduled press conference that Sunday, noting that, \"I obviously couldn't satisfy either with 100 percent of what they wanted. That's why I came up with this compromise.\" Zucker, upon hearing that O'Brien still did not take the proposal well, threatened Rosen, saying \"I'm going to tell you right now that I can pay him or play him. I can ice you guys.\" On the following Monday's show, O'Brien continued jokes on the subject; responding to thunderous applause, he joked, \"You keep that up, and this monologue won't start until 12:05.\"\n\n\"People of Earth\"\nRosen suggested that O'Brien's camp hire \"perhaps the best known (and most feared) litigation lawyer in Hollywood\", Patty Glaser, to help grasp the situation. Following discussions on Leno's contract during a post-show conference, Glaser turned her attention to O'Brien for his opinion. He expressed his desire to write a statement expressing his feelings on the matter, and after hearing what he would possibly say in such a statement, Glaser agreed to the idea, although Ross was initially reluctant. O'Brien went without sleep that night, crafting his statement obsessively. He returned to the Tonight studio the following morning, listening as the lawyers and Glaser read over the statement (it remained largely unchanged before publication). According to Bill Carter, Glaser found \"the statement as ideal for their purposes. It laid out Conan's point of view unequivocally, but without compromising his legal options. Nothing in there overtly said he was quitting, so he could not be accused of forsaking his contractual obligations.\"\n\nO'Brien's press release went out mid-day on January 12, which he addressed to \"People of Earth\":\n\nFor 60 years the Tonight Show has aired immediately following the late local news. I sincerely believe that delaying the Tonight Show into the next day to accommodate another comedy program will seriously damage what I consider to be the greatest franchise in the history of broadcasting. The Tonight Show at 12:05 simply isn't the Tonight Show. [ ... ] So it has come to this: I cannot express in words how much I enjoy hosting this program and what an enormous personal disappointment it is for me to consider losing it. My staff and I have worked unbelievably hard and we are very proud of our contribution to the legacy of The Tonight Show. But I cannot participate in what I honestly believe is its destruction.Conan Won't Do \"The Tonight Show\" Following Leno , MSNBC.com, January 12, 2010\n\nAccording to Bill Carter, \"the 'People of Earth' letter—the manifesto, as NBC came to call it—changed the tone of the conflict. No longer was Conan merely declining NBC's compromise, but leveling harsh public criticism at the network.\" However, the moment that \"represented the point of no return\" came that Wednesday night, as a \"clearly liberated\" O'Brien joked in his monologue, \"I'm trying very hard to stay positive here, and I want to tell you something. This is honest. Hosting The Tonight Show has been the fulfillment of a lifelong dream for me. And I just want to say to the kids out there watching: You can do anything you want in life. Yeah, yeah—unless Jay Leno wants to do it, too.\" Following the joke, Leno called Gaspin, asking, \"Why the fuck am I giving up a half hour for this guy?\" Conversations changed to focus on what O'Brien would require to resolve the matter, and parties began to discuss a settlement.\n\nReaction and media coverage\n\nPublic support for O'Brien\n\nPublic reaction was overwhelmingly in favor of O'Brien during the conflict. In the days following the switch announcement, 88% of related Twitter posts expressed support for O'Brien. Over one million people joined the two most prominent Facebook groups supporting O'Brien: \"Team Conan\" and \"I'm With Coco\" (referring to an on-air nickname applied to O'Brien during his Tonight Show reign). Artist Mike Mitchell designed a poster reminiscent of the Obama \"Hope\" poster, showing O'Brien superimposed with an American flag in the background and the caption \"I'm With Coco\". The poster was widely circulated and displayed online and at various rallies. The color orange also became the choice of color for O'Brien fans, referencing his light orange hair. O'Brien's overnight ratings began to shoot up (much to NBC's chagrin), and the viral support for O'Brien only increased by the week of his final shows.\n\nRallies in support of O'Brien were organized outside NBC studios across the U.S., notably in Los Angeles, Chicago, Seattle, and New York City. O'Brien briefly appeared at a January 18 rally outside the Tonight Show studio, after which he gave the crowd free pizza. Andy Richter and Tonight Show drummer Max Weinberg also made an appearance during the rally to speak to the crowd from atop the studio, and Tonight Show Band trombonist Richie \"La Bamba\" Rosenberg was driven around the crowd in a Popemobile-style vehicle. American Red Cross representatives were at a number of the rallies to collect money for the Haiti earthquake relief.\n\nMany in Hollywood expressed support for O'Brien, including Roger Ebert, Sarah Silverman, Will Ferrell, Jim Gaffigan, Jeff Garlin, Jim Carrey, Aziz Ansari, Jonah Hill, Seth Rogen, Paul Rudd, Paul F. Tompkins, Doug Benson, Ahmir \"Questlove\" Thompson, Alyssa Milano, Chris Parnell, Marlee Matlin, Judd Apatow Ben Stiller, Ice-T, Matthew Perry, Norm Macdonald, Howard Stern, and Ricky Gervais. SNLs Seth Meyers addressed the controversy on the program's Weekend Update segment, joking that the conflict showed that \"you don't need Cinemax to see someone get screwed on TV\", and then proceeding to defend O'Brien. Meyers went on to sarcastically point out that if they did end up moving The Tonight Show, it would mean Late Night would end and host Jimmy Fallon would likely end up coming back to Update (and presumably reclaim his job from Meyers).\n\nCriticism of Leno\n\nLeno faced heated criticism and increasing negative publicity for his perceived role in the timeslot conflict, with some critics predicting that his reputation—along with those of Zucker and NBC—had been permanently damaged by the incident. Critics pointed to the 2004 Tonight Show clip wherein Leno claimed he would allow O'Brien to take over without incident. Actor and comedian Patton Oswalt was among the first celebrities to openly voice disappointment with Leno, saying, \"Comedians who don't like Jay Leno now, and I'm one of them, we're not like, 'Jay Leno sucks;' it's that we're so hurt and disappointed that one of the best comedians of our generation… willfully has shut the switch off.\" Rosie O'Donnell was among O'Brien's most vocal and vehement supporters, calling Leno a \"bully\" and his actions \"classless and kind of career-defining\". Howard Stern was a harsh critic of Leno before and after the timeslot change announcement; Stern had previously appeared on Late Night in 2006, and told O'Brien that he felt it was unlikely that Leno would ever willingly give up Tonight to anyone. The 67th Golden Globe Awards, which NBC aired on January 17 during O'Brien's settlement negotiations, featured numerous jokes on the controversy by Tina Fey and Tom Hanks, as well as show host Ricky Gervais who quipped, \"Let's get on with it before NBC replaces me with Jay Leno.\"\n\nAdditional criticism stemmed from the fact that the circumstances O'Brien found himself in recalled a similar dilemma that faced Leno toward the end of 1992. Only months into his hosting job on The Tonight Show, NBC considered reversing their decision to choose Leno over Letterman. Leno was aghast and angry that NBC refused to exhibit clear commitment to him as the franchise's new host, and expressed this disappointment publicly. He also made explicit that he would leave the network if he was asked to move back an hour to accommodate Letterman, saying, \"I'm not going to do some little happy hour from Omaha at 12:30.\"\n\nCommentators also faulted Leno for what they perceived as a disingenuous attempt on the host's part to forge an \"everyman\" persona in the way he carried himself throughout the controversy. During the episode of The Jay Leno Show that aired after it was made public that Leno had been offered the 11:35 time slot back, Leno portrayed himself as an ingenuous employee merely following NBC's instructions, making a point of stating, \"I don't have a manager, I don't have an agent\" and referring to his preference of making direct, \"handshake\" deals. Despite his claim of having no representation, Leno retained an agent (Steve Levine of International Creative Management), a publicist, and entertainment lawyers.\n\nComedian Bill Burr found that Leno's ambition to take back The Tonight Show was less objectionable than his \"passive-aggressive\" behavior and the \"powerless\" public image Leno put forth instead of \"owning up\" to his maneuverings. Burr argued that NBC \"never gave [Conan] The Tonight Show\" in terms of network support, saying, \"When Jay got The Tonight Show, he didn't have to follow Johnny [Carson] bombing for an hour. [ ... ] Leno struggled for eighteen months before he got going, and he got to go on after a hit show.\"\n\nComedian Jeff Garlin accused NBC of being \"cheap\", suggesting that the network tempted O'Brien with his dream job of hosting The Tonight Show because they did not want him to go to a competitor, but neither did they want to match what the competitors were offering. Garlin accused Leno of undermining O'Brien's incipient Tonight Show by taking the 10 pm slot. Garlin stated that while Leno had been nice to him over the years, the host displayed \"no character\" by taking the timeslot back. Garlin vowed never to appear on Leno's Tonight Show thereafter.\n\nIn an essay for The Wall Street Journal, Nathan Rabin wrote that Leno had \"raced past the reviled likes of Dane Cook and Carlos Mencia on the list of popular stand-ups hated by comedians and comedy writers.\" Bill Zehme, the co-author of Leno's autobiography Leading with My Chin, told the Los Angeles Times, \"The thing Leno should do is walk, period. He's got everything to lose in terms of public popularity by going back. People will look at him differently. He'll be viewed as the bad guy.\" Joe Queenan from The Wall Street Journal went further in his criticism of Leno, jokingly comparing the controversy to Adolf Hitler's annexation of Czechoslovakia.\n\nDavid Letterman was one of the more adamant critics of NBC and Leno's handling of the conflict. He noted that, \"We went through our own version of this seventeen, eighteen years ago\", and he ridiculed Leno's recent \"state of the network address\", wherein Leno pleaded for viewers not to \"blame Conan\", with Letterman noting, \"In the thousands and thousands of words that have been printed about this mess, who has blamed Conan?\"\n\nJon Stewart of Comedy Central's The Daily Show reflected on the controversy, saying, \"At least we don't have to deal with Jeff Zucker. That guy's like the Cheney of television, shooting shows in the face.\" Stewart also shouted \"Team Conan\" as his \"Moment of Zen\" at the end of the January 21 episode of The Daily Show. Stephen Colbert of Comedy Central's The Colbert Report asked guest Morgan Freeman to read a list of \"untrustworthy things\", one of which paraphrased a statement made by Leno in 2004, \"Conan: The 11:30 slot? Yours.\"\n\nJimmy Kimmel, host of the ABC late night show Jimmy Kimmel Live!, donned a gray wig and fake chin to perform his entire January 12 show in character as Leno. With his bandleader Cleto Escobedo parodying Leno's bandleader Kevin Eubanks, Kimmel began his monologue with, \"It's good to be here on ABC. Hey, Cleto, you know what ABC stands for? Always Bump Conan.\" He also referenced the \"People of Earth\" letter, noting how O'Brien declined to participate in the \"destruction\" of The Tonight Show, commenting as Leno that, \"Fortunately, though, I will! I'll burn it down if I have to!\" Leno called Kimmel the next morning to discuss the bit, and at the end of the call, Leno suggested Kimmel come over and appear on his show. When his booking department called to confirm his appearance on a \"10 at 10\" segment (in which Leno asked ten questions to a guest appearing remotely via satellite), Kimmel agreed immediately. When he received the questions for his January 14 appearance—such as \"What's your favorite snack junk food?\"—he realized Leno intended to neutralize the scathing parody and paint the two as friends.\n\nDuring his appearance, however, Kimmel made it clear that he wanted to discuss the conflict with Conan and NBC, and tried to direct the conversation toward that topic. When asked about his favorite prank, he responded, \"I think the best prank I ever pulled was, I told a guy once, 'Five years from now I'm going to give you my show.' And then when the five years came, I gave it to him and I took it back, almost instantly.\" Later in the segment, when Leno asked, \"Ever order anything off the TV?\" Kimmel replied, \"Like when NBC ordered your show off the TV?\"\n\nFollowing similar remarks to more questions, Kimmel closed the segment with this comment: \"Listen, Jay. Conan and I have children. All you have to take care of is cars! We have lives to lead here! You've got eight hundred million dollars! For God's sakes, leave our shows alone!\" Leno did not argue and accepted the bit as comedy, ascribing Kimmel's conduct as an attempt to score some publicity, but producer Vickers was furious.\n\nKimmel discussed the appearance during an interview with Marc Maron for the latter's podcast in 2012. Kimmel stated that he felt O'Brien was not given a proper chance, but that he was also motivated by his own history with Leno. According to Kimmel, Leno had some years prior been in serious discussions with ABC about the possibility of jumping ship from NBC. During this period, Leno initiated a friendship with Kimmel, wanting to ensure that they would be on good terms if the move was made. (Under that scenario, Leno would have taken Kimmel's time slot and become his lead-in.) However, after Leno made the arrangement to remain at NBC, Kimmel related, \"those conversations were gone.\" Concluding that Leno's relationship with him had been a pretext, Kimmel felt \"worked over,\" reasoning that Leno was using the ABC discussions as a bargaining tactic to try to get his old job back.\n\nNeutrality of Jimmy Fallon\n\nThe only late night host who remained neutral was Jimmy Fallon, calling O'Brien and Leno \"two of my heroes and two of my friends\". He later joked that, \"There's been three hosts of Late Night: David Letterman, Conan O'Brien, and me. And if there's one thing I've learned from Dave and Conan, it's that hosting this show is a one-way ticket to not hosting The Tonight Show.\" Ironically, Fallon was selected to replace the retiring Leno as host of The Tonight Show in February 2014.\n\nDefense of Leno and criticism of O'Brien\nThe comedians who came out in defense of Leno were far fewer and tended to have a professional or personal relationship with the host. Speaking to The Hollywood Reporter, Jerry Seinfeld rebuffed the idea that NBC deserved blame and chastised O'Brien for pointing fingers:\n\n\"What did the network do to him?\" Seinfeld asked. \"I don't think anyone's preventing people from watching Conan. Once they give you the cameras, it's on you. I can't blame NBC for having to move things around. I hope Conan stays, I think he's terrific. But there's no rules in show business, there's no [referees].\"\n\nThe irony of Seinfeld's stance was noted by at least one publication, as Seinfeld had itself weathered a rocky beginning thanks to the patience of NBC executive Rick Ludwin, the benefit of a strong lead-in (Cheers), and years to develop its audience as opposed to O'Brien's six months.\n\nJim Norton, who was a frequent contributor to Leno's shows, touched on the controversy repeatedly in interviews and on The Opie & Anthony Show, calling the harsh criticism of Leno \"amazing\" and suggesting that Leno declining to walk away after stating otherwise was no worse than O'Brien \"actually trying to force Jay out by telling the agents, 'If Conan doesn't get The Tonight Show, he's leaving the network.'\"\n\nChris Rock defended Leno during a 2010 interview on The Howard Stern Show, claiming \"Leno did not fuck over Conan\" and that \"Conan was screwed by his management and his agent\" by accepting Leno's 10:00pm show as Conan's lead-in.\n\nNBC executives served as Leno's chief defenders, with Dick Ebersol being particularly aggressive. Calling Leno's detractors \"chicken-hearted and gutless,\" he summarized the late night situation as an \"astounding failure\" by O'Brien and further characterized O'Brien's and Letterman's barbed jokes about their rival as \"professional jealousy\". Addressing the common point about Conan's weak lead-in hurting his ability to build an audience in a different timeslot, Ebersol dismissed it as a \"specious argument\".\n\nIn an interview with Marc Maron that summer, O'Brien's longtime sidekick Andy Richter noted the contradiction between Ebersol's comments and the actions of the network. The demonstrable impact of The Jay Leno Show on the ratings of local news across the country was the direct cause of the cancellation of The Jay Leno Show, and gave lie to Ebersol's implication that lead-ins are irrelevant. Leno's Tonight Show, in contrast, had always enjoyed healthy lead-ins courtesy of a strong NBC primetime line-up. Furthermore, the network would have reportedly faced a US$150 million penalty in order to break their contract with Leno, making O'Brien the far less expensive host to get rid of.\n\nLeno himself was among O'Brien's harshest critics, calling his numbers \"destructive to the franchise\" despite O'Brien's success in the advertiser-friendly demographics combined with his significantly smaller salary. Moreover, Leno's assessment of O'Brien's performance less than three months prior had been significantly different: \"Personally, I think Conan is doing fine. He's beating Dave in the demo, maybe not in the popular one right now because Dave has a lot of other things going that have people watching for whatever reason, so I think that's not really a fair thing. It's a little too early to tell.\"\n\nSettlement\n\nNegotiations\nDiscussions neared completion regarding a financial settlement by January 14, and were expected to be in place following O'Brien's final week of shows—January 18–22—a concession O'Brien pushed to give his program a proper farewell. Movement on the settlement slowed when run by GE executives, then-owners of NBCUniversal. NBC had several requests, among those that he not bring Howard Stern on the show his final week (which the O'Brien camp found slightly comical), and that they see the show's final week of scripts (which O'Brien never sent). Talks for much of the rest of the week went nowhere, and a Saturday New York Post story ran claiming that O'Brien's staff felt \"betrayed\" by his actions, as they did not understand his refusal to accept the 12:05 timeslot in order to keep their jobs and was driven by egocentric concerns. O'Brien was infuriated by the story, which he assumed to be a direct plant from NBC, as nearly all of his staff agreed that he should leave the network. He was personally appalled that the network challenged his character, as stressing severance for his employees was enormously important to him (he had paid them out of his own pocket during the writers' strike three years earlier).\n\nNBC added more requests, which the O'Brien camp refused as unreasonable, such as the right to pull any of his final shows if the network objected to the content (e.g., a joke about the conflict/NBC). GE chairman Jeffrey Immelt questioned why they were paying so much for a performer destined to run to another network. Negotiations continued into O'Brien's final week; he could not confirm on-air it was indeed his final week of shows, which produced difficulty in booking the guests he desired for his final show. On January 19, multiple media outlets reported that O'Brien and NBC were close to signing a deal between US$30 and US$40 million for the host to walk away from the network. Following his January 20 episode, O'Brien remained at the studio until the early morning hours, alongside Ross and the legal counsel, trying to finalize the settlement. O'Brien wandered off, playing his guitar alone and stepping out on the deserted Universal lot at midnight, attempting to make sense of the situation. O'Brien signed the agreement that night, and the next day, its terms were made public.\n\nIn all, O'Brien received a US$45 million deal to leave NBC. He received pay for the remaining two years of his contract (amounting to US$33 million), with additional payments to Ross, Richter, and bandleader Max Weinberg. The severance pay for his staff was above standard GE levels (amounting in all to US$12 million), which O'Brien had stressed. O'Brien paid around fifty stagehands and various crew members at least six weeks severance pay out of his own pocket, as NBC gave those particular staffers nothing in the settlement. The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees said that they were \"very happy\" with how O'Brien treated his employees during the conflict. The contract contained a clause prohibiting O'Brien from making negative remarks about NBC for a certain amount of time; it did not, however, contain the previously rumored \"mitigation clause\", in which NBC would be able to keep some of the severance pay after O'Brien found a new network. It stipulated that he could return to television on another network no earlier than September 1, 2010.\n\nFinal week\n\nThe conflict only provided more comedy material for O'Brien's Tonight Show during its final episodes. Among other bits, O'Brien put the show up for sale on Craigslist (\"Guaranteed to last for up to seven months; designed for 11:35, but can easily be moved!\"), and then himself; looked back at clips from the show's seven-month tenure that were dubbed \"Classic Tonight Show Moments\"; and designed a bit to seem as though he were spending absurd amounts of NBC's money, such as customizing a Bugatti Veyron, playing audio and video clips with expensive rebroadcast rights, and using a purported \"rare ground sloth\" to spray Beluga caviar on what was presented as an original Picasso. Because the segments aired in days immediately following the 2010 Haiti earthquake while national fundraising efforts (including some spearheaded by NBC) were ongoing, O'Brien received criticism for wasting resources. In response to the outcry over the expense of these sketches, O'Brien explained that the segments were indeed jokes, and many of the props were either counterfeits or borrowed in exchange for promotional consideration.\n\nThe guest roster for O'Brien's final show on January 22—Tom Hanks, Steve Carell and original first guest Will Ferrell—was regarded by O'Brien as a \"dream lineup\"; in addition, Neil Young performed his song \"Long May You Run\" and, as the show closed, was joined by O'Brien, Beck, Ferrell (dressed as Ronnie Van Zant), Billy Gibbons, Ben Harper, Viveca Paulin, and The Tonight Show Band to perform the Lynyrd Skynyrd song \"Free Bird\".\n\nIn his final moments on air, O'Brien stated that between Saturday Night Live, Late Night and The Tonight Show, he had worked for NBC for over twenty years, and he was \"enormously proud of the work they have done together\". He then thanked NBC for the first time since announcing his intention to quit. O'Brien said his decision to quit as host was \"the hardest thing [he] ever had to do\". He praised and gave thanks to his staff, and thanked his fans (specifically those who participated in the Los Angeles rally during periods of heavy rain) for their overwhelming support. He ended the show by offering heartfelt advice to his viewers in his farewell address, stating:\n\nAll I ask of you is one thing ... I ask this particularly of the young people who watch. Please don't be cynical. I hate cynicism. For the record, it's my least favorite quality and it doesn't lead anywhere. Nobody in life gets exactly what they thought they were going to get. But if you work really hard and you're kind, amazing things will happen. I'm telling you, amazing things will happen.\n\nFollowing the taping, the studio set was used one final time for a party thrown by staff. O'Brien's monologue spot from the floor was framed and signed by his staff as a gift, which touched O'Brien. 10.3 million people watched the final episode of The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien, a notably high number for live late-night viewing and on a Friday night. The final episode scored a 7.0 household rating and a 4.4 rating in the 18–49 demo. Not only did O'Brien's final show beat all late night competition, it outscored all prime time shows in the 18–49 demo from that night and the night before. The network confirmed that Leno would officially resume as host of The Tonight Show on March 1, and reruns from O'Brien's time as host aired until NBC began airing the Winter Olympics on February 15.\n\nLeno's first Tonight Show back pulled in 6.6 million viewers, and his margin over Letterman again held for much of the rest of his run until his second Tonight Show departure in 2014. While his numbers were down from his original incarnation of The Tonight Show, \"It's as if a collective erase button was pushed\", said Robert Thompson, professor of television at Syracuse University, \"with the usual suspects back in their usual locations—except Conan is gone.\"\n\nImpact\n\nAccording to NBC, if O'Brien continued hosting, it would have been the first year that The Tonight Show would have actually lost money, which Leno later contended was damaging to the franchise. This assertion was scorned by skeptical critics, as it was calculated that Conan's Tonight Show would have made significantly more money in advertising than Leno's show did, due to his more favorable youth demographic numbers. Also Leno's larger staff, higher production costs, and higher salary would have by all accounts made Leno's Tonight Show more costly. O'Brien and Ross also challenged this notion, concluding that to arrive at such a calculation, NBC must have included the cost of building the new studio and offices, as well as startup costs. At NBC, most young employees tended to support O'Brien and joined the \"I'm with Coco\" Facebook groups; NBC later asked all employees to rescind their membership in any O'Brien-supporting pages. Similar action came when any effort to mention O'Brien's tenure was whitewashed from company history.\n\nGaspin was happy with the settlement, but nevertheless agreed with one of O'Brien's points—that his show had no time to grow: \"Could it have grown? Absolutely ... We just couldn't give him the time.\" Zucker, in an interview with Charlie Rose, defended his strategy but noted that both shows were a mistake. Zucker, who had known O'Brien since their days at Harvard University and was very close friends with Ross, was very disappointed with how events played out, although he viewed it as necessary. Leno, in an attempt to repair his public perception, granted an interview to Oprah Winfrey on January 25; he stripped himself of any blame for O'Brien's disappointment, noting that it was all about ratings, and also confirmed that he told a \"white lie\" in 2004 when he guaranteed The Tonight Show to O'Brien. In a reference to a 2007 Super Bowl commercial starring Letterman and Winfrey (the two had feuded for years prior), Letterman, Leno, and Winfrey all appeared in a spot airing during Super Bowl XLIV in February 2010. The ad—Letterman's idea—was the first time the late-night hosts had met since their own 1992 debacle. In it, Letterman and Leno sit on opposite sides of Winfrey watching the game; Letterman deems it \"the worst Super Bowl party ever\" due to Leno's inclusion, and Winfrey tells him to \"be nice\", resulting in Leno quipping, \"Oh, he's just saying that 'cause I'm here.\" The clip stirred a frenzy, with commentators speculating that Leno had been \"green-screened\" into the picture.\n\nLetterman had initially wanted O'Brien to be in the promo as well, but O'Brien firmly rejected it, saying, \"No fucking way I'm doing that. It's not a joke to me—it's real.\" O'Brien was sure his agreement prohibited television appearances for several months, but gathered NBC would be only too happy to allow him a one-time reprieve for the ad, as it was to improve Leno's image. O'Brien, by this point, was planning a live tour with his staff that would take him on the road, and had also created a Twitter account. After about one hour online, O'Brien's number of Twitter followers had rocketed past the 30,000 followers of the official Jay Leno account, and he held over 300,000 followers in under 24 hours; he surpassed the one million mark in May 2010. Many speculated that O'Brien would sign a deal with Fox for a late-night program; Comedy Central and HBO had also expressed interest in O'Brien. Fox's deal moved slowly and they eventually withdrew their offer due to station resistance, the daunting financial investment, and opposition from Roger Ailes.\n\nO'Brien eventually signed with cable network TBS in April, with his next program, Conan, set to debut in November. The move prompted industry surprise; online blog Vulture commented that, \"Conan will now be featured as a lead-in for Lopez Tonight on TBS. It's not just basic cable, it's unsexy basic cable.\" His nationwide comedy tour, The Legally Prohibited from Being Funny on Television Tour, began on April 12 and ran through June 14. A documentary shot during that time, Conan O'Brien Can't Stop, as well as a May 60 Minutes interview, prompted some observers to deem him \"whiny\". Vanity Fair James Wolcott said O'Brien \"came off as a peevish straw of nervous energy ... a self-involved chatterbox.\"\n\nAs NBC could have potentially retained intellectual property originating from O'Brien's entire seventeen-year tenure with the network, O'Brien simply changed names on the tour (turning his character, the Masturbating Bear, into the \"Self-Pleasuring Panda\"). The Washington Post later reported that retaining the characters was \"not a key issue for O'Brien\".\n\nAftermath\nConan premiered in November 2010 to 4 million viewers, leading all late-night talk shows and more than tripling the audience of its direct competition, The Daily Show and The Colbert Report on Comedy Central. However, ratings quickly fell; by the following fall, The Wall Street Journal proclaimed that, \"TBS's pricey Conan O'Brien experiment is flopping.\" In an effort to bolster ratings, TBS secured the cable syndication rights to The Big Bang Theory at a reported US$4 million per episode to serve as a lead-in to Conan three nights a week. Steve Koonin of Turner Entertainment stated in 2012 that, \"Conan is our Mount Rushmore. We've made him the centerpiece of TBS. If success were only about ratings, we'd just run Westerns all the time.\" The Hollywood Reporter credited it with forging \"a digital empire, his company's own shows and a young audience TBS hopes will follow him anywhere.\" TBS announced in May 2017 they renewed the show through 2022. However, despite the show renewal, it was announced in November 2020 that the show would end in June 2021, with O'Brien producing a weekly variety show for HBO Max.\n\nMany of the executives involved in the botched transition subsequently left NBC. Zucker was fired by Comcast Executive Vice President Steve Burke, but stressed that Comcast's insistence to install their own team was the reason. Marc Graboff opted to leave his contract early that November, as did Gaspin. While O'Brien admitted in 2012 that he occasionally still felt resentment over the events that transpired, he noted that \"I had an amazing partnership with NBC and was very disappointed at the outcome, but I didn't feel entitled to Late Night or Tonight or to the TBS show. If you're in this business and haven't experienced profound pain at some point, you're not doing it right. I strongly believe that.\" He has had no contact with Leno, noting \"the odds are we will both leave this Earth without speaking to each other, which is fine. There's really nothing to say. We both know the deal. He knows; I know. I'd rather just forget.\" In a 2010 issue of TV Guide, the timeslot conflict ranked No. 1 on a list of TV's biggest \"blunders\".\n\nA wax likeness of O'Brien that had been commissioned by NBCUniversal from Madame Tussauds and unveiled during a December 2009 episode of The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien was quietly returned to the Madame Tussauds museum on Hollywood Boulevard. The figure had originally been intended to permanently reside in the \"NBCUniversal Experience\" theme park attraction. A remote segment produced a few months into O'Brien's TBS show saw the host humorously reuniting with the wax statue.\n\nOn October 5, 2011, O'Brien returned to 30 Rockefeller Plaza for a surprise, scripted appearance on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon to ceremonially retrieve the Triumph the Insult Comic Dog puppet from the studio after NBC had finally granted him the rights to use the character on TBS's Conan. During the two-and-a-half minute bit, O'Brien and Fallon joked about the controversy when Fallon said, \"You were [host of Late Night] for sixteen years. Then what happened?\" to which O'Brien laughed and said, \"Don't you worry about that. You're a young guy.\"\n\nWhen interviewed by Marc Maron in 2011, O'Brien remarked, \"I'm trying to avoid that thing where you get a story in your head that's very clean. I think there are too many people that come up with a very simple story where they're the hero, and they don't learn anything.\" During his 2012 appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman, O'Brien made it clear that he held no animosity toward NBC, pointing out that the individual executives he clashed with had departed the network shortly after he did due to a regime change. Indeed, O'Brien would occasionally show clips from his NBC shows on his TBS program with NBC's permission, and the network also allowed the character of Triumph the Insult Comic Dog to appear on the TBS show as well, with Triumph's performer Robert Smigel explaining that NBC only stands to gain by allowing him to give their property exposure.\n\nIn an interview on CNN's Piers Morgan Live, also in 2012, O'Brien acknowledged that in retrospect the plan to engineer a transition for The Tonight Show five years in advance was \"absurd,\" though he noted that he never anticipated Leno's ratings would fall in that interim, as the press had sometimes intimated, and he pointed out that all previous Tonight Show hosts had departed when they were on top in the ratings. He further remarked that he was happier in his current situation at TBS where he felt \"liberated\" and could do the material he desired without the baggage of upholding a legacy.\n\nIn 2013, O'Brien was the headline performer invited to give remarks at the White House Correspondents' Dinner, and The Tonight Show controversy was humorously alluded to throughout the evening. During his own speech, President Obama quipped, \"I understand that when the Correspondents' Association was considering Conan for this gig, they were faced with that age-old dilemma: Do you offer it to him now, or wait for five years and then give it to Jimmy Fallon?\" O'Brien himself referenced the affair with a joke that complimented President Obama on job creation: \"Since [Obama] was first elected, the number of popes has doubled, and the number of Tonight Show hosts has tripled.\" The ceremony had also opened with a pre-recorded sketch that featured Kevin Spacey as his House of Cards character Frank Underwood, who at one point expresses sympathy toward O'Brien for \"that backstabbing Leno\". Later that year, O'Brien was chosen to host Carson on TCM, a series that re-aired classic interviews from The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.\n\nIn 2014, Leno was interviewed for a 60 Minutes episode that focused on the host's second and permanent departure from The Tonight Show desk. Leno expressed to Steve Kroft that he had been \"blindsided\" in 2004 when NBC executives asked him to relinquish The Tonight Show in five years' time, though he admitted that he had accepted the decision with no argument or inquiry. In spite of this and the public remarks Leno had made at the time blessing O'Brien's succession, both Leno and his wife Mavis characterized The Tonight Show as having been taken from the incumbent host, rather than being something that he had voluntarily surrendered. When Leno explained that he was more willing to step aside the second time due to the considerable talent of Fallon and because \"talented people will only wait so long before they get other opportunities,\" Kroft pointed out that Leno had said very similar things about O'Brien years before. \"Well, maybe I did, yeah,\" admitted Leno before joking, \"Well, we'll see what happens.\"\n\nDuring a 2015 interview with Howard Stern, O'Brien explained that he prefers to avoid talking about the \"craziness,\" stating that people in show business shouldn't complain, that \"no one cares\", and that he noticed addressing the topic even in joking response to an earnest question by a guest on his show invariably resulted in admonishments from the media to \"let it go.\" He claimed that even in hindsight he does not regret doing five more years of Late Night instead of moving to Fox, nor does he regret his incarnation of The Tonight Show.\n\nLeno kept The Tonight Show number one for the rest of his run, until he handed the franchise to Fallon in February 2014. Fallon's credibility with younger viewers and presence online was why NBC instituted the change, which was announced only three years following O'Brien's departure. During the show that aired the day of the announcement, O'Brien congratulated Fallon, stating, \"Jimmy is the perfect guy to do it, and he's gonna do a fantastic job.\" While alluding to (and joking about) the 2010 controversy many times over his last few weeks on the air, Leno did not directly acknowledge his nine-month absence from the franchise nor did he mention O'Brien when he delivered his thank-yous and goodbyes as he concluded his second tenure as host. During the February 6, 2014, episode of Conan, however, which aired the same night as Leno's final Tonight Show, O'Brien referenced Leno in his monologue by alluding to NBC's position as the American broadcaster of the 2014 Winter Olympics, saying:\n\nNBC has the Olympics. It's a big deal. NBC will finally get to show somebody who is okay with passing the torch. I allowed myself one, but it was a good one.\n\nThough NBC had made a considerable effort to scrub any references to O'Brien's brief tenure as The Tonight Show host both on-air and online, with one former blogger for NBC Sports noting a corporate policy banning any mention of O'Brien, it was acknowledged by the network during the buildup to the 2014 transition from Leno to Fallon. A brief shot of O'Brien walking onto his Tonight set was displayed in an on-air promo chronicling the franchise's history, and Fallon referenced the conflict on his first Tonight Show episode, when he opened the show by joking:\n\nI'm Jimmy Fallon, and I'll be your host—for now. Of course, I wouldn't be here tonight if it weren't for the previous Tonight Show hosts, so I want to say thank you to Steve Allen, Jack Paar, Johnny Carson, Jay Leno, Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno.\n\nLess than a month removed from hosting Tonight, Leno appeared on The Arsenio Hall Show on February 26, 2014, as a surprise guest to deliver the news that the revived program had been renewed by CBS Television Distribution for a second season. This proved to be premature, however, as Hall's program was indeed canceled on May 30, 2014.\n\nComedian Bill Maher paid tribute to Leno when he was inducted into the TV Academy Hall Of Fame, an honor bestowed upon the host in 2014 when he stepped down from The Tonight Show a second time. A longtime friend of Leno, Maher complained that Leno was \"victimized\" by the press during the NBC fiasco.\n\nIn a 2015 interview, Leno reiterated his stance that O'Brien's own performance led to his ouster from 11:35 and that he remained mystified by the suggestion that he should have refused the time slot when it was offered back to him, saying, \"Why? Because Conan and I were good friends? No. At that point...it's a business decision. I'm sure it could have been handled differently. But I think it was a matter of letting things take its course. If Conan's ratings would have been fine, it wouldn't have been an issue. It wouldn't have come up.\" In 2017, Leno again absolved himself, instead emphasizing that he kept The Tonight Show number one after his return. He addressed the longstanding claim that his contract was the more expensive one to break with equivocation: \"I mean, if I'm that smart, how did I lose the show in the first place?\"\n\nWhen he took over Tonight, Fallon insisted that Leno is welcome to appear on the show anytime he wishes, saying, \"Whenever he wants, he's got a stage.\" Leno made his first appearance as a guest on November 7, 2014, although he had previously appeared in a produced House of Cards parody on August 12, 2014, in which he is revealed as the mystery man who pushes Fallon (as Frank Underwood) onto the tracks in front of a speeding subway train. Leno has subsequently appeared on Tonight several times in the years since.\n\nOn February 13, 2015, Robert Smigel appeared in character as Triumph the Insult Comic Dog on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon to promote The Jack and Triumph Show. During the interview, he joked about the conflict to a visibly nervous Fallon: \"Listen, we love NBC. NBC...we kid, you know? NBC will always be the place where Jack and I got our start. And where they fucked Conan.\" He played it off saying everyone landed where they should be, saying that he was happy to see Fallon hosting The Tonight Show, encouraging everyone to watch Conan, and Leno's new spot was behind Fallon with piano wire. On December 7, 2015, The Daily Show made reference to the controversy. When former host Jon Stewart made a guest appearance on the show, current host Trevor Noah jokingly remarked, \"Are you here to take the show back? Oh, man, I heard about this in American TV. Are you taking the show back?\". Stewart replied, quietly, \"Trust me, a thousand times no\".\n\nAs the controversy grew distant with time, formal acknowledgement of O'Brien's lengthy career at NBC became more common by the network. In 2017, mention was made of the host in NBC's 90th Anniversary Special, and a display for him among all Tonight Show hosts appears in the ride queue of the Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon theme park attraction at Universal Studios Florida. A plaque on the O'Brien display reads:\n\nIn September 1993, Conan O'Brien made his television debut on Late Night with Conan O'Brien after working as a writer on such television comedy institutions as Saturday Night Live and The Simpsons. O'Brien's brand of irreverent humor proved to be a hit with the late night audience, including memorable sketches like \"If They Mated,\" \"In the Year 2000,\" and \"Triumph the Insult Comic Dog.\" In September 2004, on the 50th anniversary of The Tonight Show, NBC announced that O'Brien would take over hosting duties from Jay Leno in 2009. While his time as host proved to be short-lived, O'Brien went on to launch a new late night talk show, Conan, on TBS in November 2010. Conan O'Brien remains a true comedy innovator and, at almost 25 years on the air, has enjoyed one of the longest runs of any late night television host.\n\nIn conjunction with his 25th anniversary as a late-night host, it was announced that O'Brien, TBS and NBC had come to an arrangement that would allow the entirety of O'Brien's late night archive (with the exception of musical performances, which posed insurmountable licensing issues), totaling over four thousand episodes, to become available in January 2019 via a state-of-the-art website dubbed \"Conan 25\". The launch would have marked the first time O'Brien's NBC programs were made legally available since The Tonight Show conflict. However, it has never been mentioned since and never launched. \n\nOn June 15, 2021, in one of the final episodes of Conan, guest Martin Short alluded to the controversy by asking O'Brien if his to-be-announced guest for the final week was going to be Leno. After a surprised reaction from the audience and laughter from O'Brien and Richter, O'Brien jokingly responds that they asked Leno, but he wouldn't pick up the phone.\n\nSee also\n 1992 Tonight Show conflict\n The War for Late Night, a book by Bill Carter about the conflict\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n \n\n \n2010 in American television\nConan O'Brien\nDavid Letterman\nJay Leno\nJimmy Fallon\nNational Broadcasting Company\nTelevision controversies in the United States\nTonight Show" ]

[ "The Jay Leno Show", "Dispute over timeslot", "Who were they in dispute over the time slot with?", "The Jay Leno Show would be shortened to 30 minutes and begin airing weeknights at 11:35 pm ET, with Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Fallon's shows following", "what year did this happen?", "In early January 2010,", "Did Leno mind the time slot change?", "Leno immediately accepted the return to 11:35 p.m., calling the move \"all business.", "Did O'brien say anything?", "drafted a press release explaining why he felt it was unfair to him, his staff, Fallon, and the legacy of The Tonight Show to move the show past midnight.", "What about Fallon?", "I don't know.", "Did anything else of note happen in this time period?", "O'Brien received an outpouring of celebrity and viewer support for rejecting the move, while Leno received heavy criticism.", "How did Leno react to the criticism?", "Leno returned as host of Tonight on March 1." ]

[ "Ruxley Electronics and Construction Ltd v Forsyth [1995] UKHL 8 is an English contract law case, concerning the choice between an award of damages for the cost of curing a defect in a building contract or (when that is unreasonable) for awarding damages for loss of \"amenity\".\n\nFacts\nRuxley agreed to build a swimming pool in Forsyth's garden. The contract specified that the pool would have a diving area seven feet, six inches deep. When constructed, the diving area was only six feet deep. This was still a safe depth for diving and one which did not affect value of the pool. Forsyth was not happy, however, and he brought an action for breach of contract claiming the cost of having a pool demolished and rebuilt (the cost of cure), a sum of £21,540. \n\nAt first instance the judge rejected the claim for 'cost of cure' damages on the ground that it was an unreasonable claim in the circumstances, but awarded Forsyth 'loss of amenity damages' of £2500. This award was reversed by the Court of Appeal which held that damages should be awarded at the amount required to place Forsyth in the same position as he would have been in had the contract been performed, which in the circumstances was the cost of rebuilding the pool. Ruxley appealed to the House of Lords.\n\nJudgment\nThe House of Lords allowed the appeal and upheld the judge's award of £2500 for loss of amenity. Lord Mustill said ‘the law must cater for those occasions where the value of the promise to the promisee exceeds the financial enhancement of his position which full performance will secure.’ So ‘consumer surplus’ was recognised in an award for breach of contract. To award them nothing would be to say the promise was illusory, and that was unsatisfactory. But correcting was too expensive, and too much for the loss of Mr Forsyth. It would be contrary to ‘common sense’ and unreasonable. So we must look to ‘the loss truly suffered by the promisee’.\n\nLord Lloyd said that though courts do not care what damages will be used for, the intention of the innocent party for what he does with them may be relevant to the issue of reasonableness in awarding damages.\n\nSee also\n\nEnglish contract law\nAddis v Gramophone Co Ltd [1909] AC 488\nJarvis v Swans Tours Ltd [1973] QB 233, [1973] 1 All ER 71, where purpose of contract to obtain some mental satisfaction\nJackson v Horizon Holidays Ltd, [1975] 3 All ER 92\nJohnson v Gore Wood & Co [2002] 2 AC 1, 49, (a case actually concerning \"reflective loss\" in UK company law) it was said contract breaking is an ‘incident of commercial life which players in the game are expected to meet with mental fortitude’\nPeevyhouse v. Garland Coal & Mining Co., 382 P.2d 109 (Okl. 1962)\nTito v Waddell (No 2) [1977] Ch 106\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n Harris, Ogus and Phillips, ‘Contract Remedies and the Consumer Surplus’ (1979) 95 LQR 581\n\nEnglish contract case law\nEnglish remedy case law\nHouse of Lords cases\n1995 in case law\n1995 in British law", "is an English contract law case, concerning how it will be judged whether an agreement is reached.\n\nFacts\nMolkerei was buying automated packaging machinery, to come from and be installed by RTS. They made a letter of intent, providing for the whole contract price, contemplating full contract terms would be based on MF/1 terms, i.e. using the Institute of Engineering and Technology's model form of contract for the design, supply and installation of electrical, electronic and mechanical plant. On 5 July 2005, a draft final contract was produced, which stated that it would not be effective until executed and exchanged. Work began anyway. On 25 August terms were varied. There was a dispute about which terms the contract was on.\n\nThe Judge held that after the letter of intent expired, they entered a contract for RTS to do the work for an agreed price, but that did not include the final draft version of the MF/1 terms. The Court of Appeal held no contract arose after the letter of intent expiry at all. Molkerei argued there was a contract of expiry, not on the MF/1 terms, and RTS argued there was no contract, or if there was it was on MF/1 terms, as amended through the negotiations.\n\nJudgment\nLord Clarke held that it was too dogmatic to say the \"subject to contract\" terms would be the ones that were binding, because it always depends on the circumstances. They had reached a binding agreement on or about 25 August on the terms agreed on or before 5 July as subsequently varied, and that the agreement was not subject to contract. This case illustrated the perils of beginning work without a precise basis for payment.\n\nSee also\n\nUK labour law\n\nReferences\n\nEnglish contract case law\nSupreme Court of the United Kingdom cases\n2010 in case law\n2010 in British law" ]

[ "The Jay Leno Show", "Dispute over timeslot", "Who were they in dispute over the time slot with?", "The Jay Leno Show would be shortened to 30 minutes and begin airing weeknights at 11:35 pm ET, with Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Fallon's shows following", "what year did this happen?", "In early January 2010,", "Did Leno mind the time slot change?", "Leno immediately accepted the return to 11:35 p.m., calling the move \"all business.", "Did O'brien say anything?", "drafted a press release explaining why he felt it was unfair to him, his staff, Fallon, and the legacy of The Tonight Show to move the show past midnight.", "What about Fallon?", "I don't know.", "Did anything else of note happen in this time period?", "O'Brien received an outpouring of celebrity and viewer support for rejecting the move, while Leno received heavy criticism.", "How did Leno react to the criticism?", "Leno returned as host of Tonight on March 1.", "Does it say how much his contract was for?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Headlines was a segment that aired weekly on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. It also aired on the prime-time spin-off The Jay Leno Show and will also be included in some form during Leno's upcoming tenure as host of You Bet Your Life. The segment usually aired on Monday nights. It was first seen in 1987, when Leno was still a guest host on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, and continued until Jay Leno left The Tonight Show in 2014; however, this segment reapearred on TV as part of a new version of the game show You Bet Your Life hosted by Leno in 2021. Viewers submitted newspaper headlines or other articles from all over the world, and the clippings contain either (but not limited to) a misspelled word, juxtaposed image or badly structured sentences that comically (and often in an unintentionally risqué way) completely change the meaning of what the writer intended.\n\nInfluence\nSince the early 1980s, David Letterman had been doing a similar segment called \"Small Town News\" (albeit on and off) on The David Letterman Show, Late Night with David Letterman and Late Show with David Letterman. Conan O'Brien parodied \"Headlines\" on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in a segment called Actual Items, which uses advertisements purposefully doctored by the show's prop and writing staffs. Jimmy Fallon includes an updated version called \"Screengrabs\" (which uses online media), on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon.\n\nOn December 18, 2006, both Letterman and Leno included in their segments an item in The Dallas Morning News about Letterman, which included a photograph of Leno.\n\nIn January 2010, during the replacement of O'Brien as Tonight Show host, Letterman ran a fake promo (featuring former Tonight announcer Edd Hall) for the return of Leno to The Tonight Show, referring to \"Headlines\" as \"the bit [Leno] stole from Letterman's late-night show\".\n\nPublications\nLeno released several compilations of Headlines during the late 1980s and early 1990s:\nHeadlines: Real but Ridiculous Headlines from America's Newspapers\nMore Headlines\nHeadlines III: Not The Movie, Still The Book\nHeadlines IV: The Next Generation\nJay Leno's Police Blotter: Real-Life Crime Headlines\n\nWil B. Strange includes \"personal ads from the book 'Jay Leno's Headlines'\" in an issue of Campus Life.\n\nReferences\n\nHeadlines\nThe Tonight Show with Jay Leno\nTelevision series segments", "George Wild Galvin (20 December 1860 – 31 October 1904), better known by the stage name Dan Leno, was a leading English music hall comedian and musical theatre actor during the late Victorian era. He was best known, aside from his music hall act, for his dame roles in the annual pantomimes that were popular at London's Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, from 1888 to 1904.\n\nLeno was born in St Pancras, London, and began to entertain as a child. In 1864, he joined his parents on stage in their music hall act, and he made his first solo appearance, aged nine, at the Britannia Music Hall in Coventry. As a youth, he was famous for his clog dancing, and in his teen years, he became the star of his family's act. He adopted the stage name Dan Leno and, in 1884, made his first performance under that name in London. As a solo artist, he became increasingly popular during the late 1880s and 1890s, when he was one of the highest-paid comedians in the world. He developed a music hall act of talking about life's mundane subjects, mixed with comic songs and surreal observations, and created a host of mostly working-class characters to illustrate his stories. In 1901, still at the peak of his career, he performed his \"Huntsman\" sketch for Edward VII at Sandringham. The monarch was so impressed that Leno became publicly known as \"the king's jester\".\n\nLeno also appeared in burlesque and, every year from 1888 to 1904, in the Drury Lane Theatre's Christmas pantomime spectacles. He was generous and active in charitable causes, especially to benefit performers in need. Leno continued to appear in musical comedies and his own music hall routines until 1902, although he suffered increasingly from alcoholism. This, together with his long association with dame and low comedy roles, prevented him from being taken seriously as a dramatic actor, and he was turned down for Shakespearean roles. Leno began to behave in an erratic and furious manner by 1902, and he suffered a mental breakdown in early 1903. He was committed to a mental asylum, but was discharged later that year. After one more show, his health declined, and he died aged 43.\n\nBiography\n\nFamily background and early life\nLeno was born in St Pancras, London. He was the youngest of six children, including two elder brothers, John and Henry, and an elder sister, Frances. Two other siblings died in infancy. His parents, John Galvin (1826–1864) and his wife Louisa (née Dutton; 1831–1891), performed together in a music hall double act called \"The Singing and Acting Duettists\". Known professionally as Mr. and Mrs. Johnny Wild, they did not achieve much success, and the family struggled in poverty.\n\nHaving had very little schooling, and being raised by performers, Leno learned to entertain as a child. In 1862, Leno's parents and elder brothers appeared at the Surrey Music Hall in Sheffield, then performed in Manchester, Glasgow and Northampton later in the year. In 1864, at the age of four, Leno joined his parents on stage for the first time, at the Cosmotheca Music Hall in Paddington, under the billing \"Little George, the Infant Wonder, Contortionist, and Posturer\".\n\nWhen Leno was four years old, his alcoholic father died, aged 37; the family then moved to Liverpool, where his mother married William Grant (1837–1896), on 7 March 1866. Grant was a comedian of Lancastrian and Irish descent, who performed in music halls throughout the British provinces under the stage name of William Leno. He was a seasoned actor and had been employed by Charles Kean in his theatre company at the Princess's Theatre in London. In 1866, the family home in Marylebone was demolished to make way for St Pancras railway station, and as a result Leno's sister Frances was sent to live with an uncle, while his brother John, who had occasionally performed with his parents, took full-time employment. Leno, his mother, stepfather and brother Henry moved north and settled in Liverpool, where they performed in various halls and theatres, including the Star Music Hall, but they often returned to London to perform in the capital's music halls.\n\nEarly career\n\nIn 1865, Leno and his brother Henry, who first taught Leno to dance, formed a clog dancing double act known as \"The Great Little Lenos\". This was the first time that Leno used his stepfather's stage name, \"Leno\", which he never registered legally. The same year, Leno also appeared in his first pantomime, in Liverpool, where he had a supporting part as a juvenile clown in Fortunatus; or, The Magic Wishing Cap alongside his parents, who appeared as \"Mr and Mrs Leno – Comic Duettists\". On 18 July 1866, Leno, Henry and their parents appeared on the opening night of the Cambridge Music Hall in Toxteth, Liverpool, under the billing \"Mr. and Mrs. Leno, the Great, Sensational, Dramatic and Comic Duettists and The Brothers Leno, Lancashire Clog, Boot and Pump Dancers\". The following year, the brothers made their first appearance without their parents at the Britannia music hall in Hoxton. Although initially successful, the pair experienced many bouts of unemployment and often busked outside London pubs to make a living. Tired of surviving on little or no money, Henry left the clog dancing act to take up a trade in London, forcing Leno to consider a future as a solo performer. Henry later founded a dance school. Henry was replaced intermittently in the act by the boys' uncle, Johnny Danvers, who was a week older than Leno. Leno and Danvers had been close from an early age.\n\nLeno made his debut as a solo performer in 1869, returning to the Britannia music hall in Hoxton, where he became known as \"The Great Little Leno, the Quintessence of Irish Comedians\". The name was suggested by his stepfather, William, who thought the Irish connection would appeal to audiences on their upcoming visit to Dublin. Arriving in Ireland the same year, the Lenos were struggling financially and stayed with William's relatives. In addition to his performances as part of the family act, young Leno appeared as a solo act under an Irish-sounding stage name, \"Dan Patrick\". This allowed him to earn a separate fee of 23 shillings per performance plus living expenses. The name \"Dan\" may have been chosen to honour Dan Lowery, a northern music hall comedian and music hall proprietor whom the Lenos had met a few months earlier. During this tour of Ireland, the Lenos appeared in Dublin in a pantomime written by Leno's father: Old King Humpty; or, Harlequin Emerald Isle and Katty of Killarney (1869), for which Leno was praised by Charles Dickens, who was in the audience and told him: \"Good little man, you'll make headway!\"\n\nIn 1870, the Lenos appeared in another pantomime by Leno's father, Jack the Giant Killer; or, Harlequin Grim Gosling, or the Good Fairy Queen of the Golden Pine Grove, in which Leno played the title character and featured in the variety entertainment that preceded the pantomime. Throughout the 1870s, Leno and his parents performed as \"The Comic Trio (Mr. & Mrs. Leno and Dan Patrick) In Their Really Funny Entertainments, Songs and Dances\". In the family act with his parents and Johnny Danvers, young Leno often took the leading role in such sketches as his stepfather's The Wicklow Wedding. Another of their sketches was Torpedo Bill, in which Leno played the title role, an inventor of explosive devices. His parents played a \"washerwoman\" and a \"comic cobbler\". This was followed by another sketch, Pongo the Monkey. Opening at Pullan's Theatre of Varieties in Bradford on 20 May 1878, this burlesque featured Leno as an escaped monkey; it became his favourite sketch of the period.\n\nThe teenage Leno's growing popularity led to bookings at, among others, the Varieties Theatre in Sheffield and the Star Music Hall in Manchester. At the same time, Leno's clog dancing continued to be so good that in 1880 he won the world championship at the Princess's Music Hall in Leeds, for which he received a gold and silver belt weighing 44.5 oz (1.26 kg). His biographer, the pantomime librettist J. Hickory Wood, described his act: \"He danced on the stage; he danced on a pedestal; he danced on a slab of slate; he was encored over and over again; but throughout his performance, he never uttered a word\".\n\n1880s\n\nIn 1878, Leno and his family moved to Manchester. There he met Lydia Reynolds, who, in 1883, joined the Leno family theatre company, which already consisted of his parents, Danvers and Leno. The following year, Leno and Reynolds married; around this time, he adopted the stage name \"Dan Leno\". On 10 March 1884, the Leno family took over the running of the Grand Varieties Theatre in Sheffield. The Lenos felt comfortable with their working-class Sheffield audiences. On their opening night, over 4,000 patrons entered the theatre, paying sixpence to see Dan Leno star in Doctor Cut 'Em Up. In October 1884, facing tough competition, the Lenos gave up the lease on the theatre.\n\nIn 1885, Leno and his wife moved to Clapham Park, London, and Leno gained new success with a solo act that featured comedy patter, dancing and song. On the night of his London debut, he appeared in three music halls: the Foresters' Music Hall in Mile End, Middlesex Music Hall in Drury Lane and Gatti's-in-the-Road, where he earned £5 a week in total (£ in adjusted for inflation). Although billed as \"The Great Irish Comic Vocalist and Clog Champion\" at first, he slowly phased out his dancing in favour of character studies, such as \"Going to Buy Milk for the Twins\", \"When Rafferty Raffled his Watch\" and \"The Railway Guard\". His dancing had earned him popularity in the provinces, but Leno found that his London audiences preferred these sketches and his comic songs. Leno's other London venues in the late 1880s included the Collins Music Hall in Islington, the Queen's Theatre in Poplar and the Standard in Pimlico.\n\nLeno was a replacement in the role of Leontes in the 1888 musical burlesque of the ancient Greek character Atalanta at the Strand Theatre, directed by Charles Hawtrey. It was written by Hawtrey's brother, George P. Hawtrey, and it starred Frank Wyatt, Willie Warde and William Hawtrey. The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News praised Leno's singing and dancing and reported that: \"He brings a good deal of fun and quaintness to the not very important part of Leontes.\" Leno accepted the role at short notice, with no opportunity to learn the script. But his improvised comedy helped to extend the life of the show. When Leno and another leading actor left a few months later, the production closed.\n\nMusic hall\n\nDuring the 1890s, Leno was the leading performer on the music hall stage, rivalled only by Albert Chevalier, who moved into music hall from the legitimate theatre. Their styles and appeal were very different: Leno's characters were gritty working-class realists, while Chevalier's were overflowing in romanticism, and his act depicted an affluent point of view. According to Leno's biographer Barry Anthony, the two \"represented the opposite poles of cockney comedy\".\n\nFor his music hall acts, Leno created characters that were based on observations about life in London, including shopwalkers, grocer's assistants, beefeaters, huntsmen, racegoers, firemen, fathers, henpecked husbands, garrulous wives, pantomime dames, a police officer, a Spanish bandit and a hairdresser. One such character was Mrs. Kelly, a gossip. Leno would sing a verse of a song, then begin a monologue, often his You know Mrs. Kelly? routine, which became a well-known catchphrase: \"You see we had a row once, and it was all through Mrs. Kelly. You know Mrs. Kelly, of course. ... Oh, you must know Mrs. Kelly; everybody knows Mrs. Kelly.\"\n\nFor his London acts, Leno purchased songs from the foremost music hall writers and composers. One such composer was Harry King, who wrote many of Leno's early successes. Other well-known composers of the day who supplied Leno with numbers included Harry Dacre and Joseph Tabrar. From 1890, Leno commissioned George Le Brunn to compose the incidental music to many of his songs, including \"The Detective\", \"My Old Man\", \"Chimney on Fire\", \"The Fasting Man\", \"The Jap\", \"All Through A Little Piece of Bacon\" and \"The Detective Camera\". Le Brunn also provided the incidental music for three of Leno's best-known songs that depicted life in everyday occupations: \"The Railway Guard\" (1890), \"The Shopwalker\" and \"The Waiter\" (both from 1891). The songs in each piece became instantly distinctive and familiar to Leno's audiences, but his occasional changes to the characterisations kept the sketches fresh and topical.\n\n\"The Railway Guard\" featured Leno in a mad characterisation of a railway station guard dressed in an ill-fitting uniform, with an unkempt beard and a whistle. The character was created by exaggerating the behaviour that Leno saw in a real employee at Brixton station who concerned himself in other people's business while, at the same time, not doing any work. \"The Shopwalker\" was full of comic one-liners and was heavily influenced by pantomime. Leno played the part of a shop assistant, again of manic demeanour, enticing imaginary clientele into the shop before launching into a frantic selling technique sung in verse. Leno's depiction of \"The Waiter\", dressed in an oversized dinner jacket and loose-fitting white dickey, which would flap up and hit his face, was of a man consumed in self-pity and indignation. Overworked, overwrought and overwhelmed by the number of his customers, the waiter gave out excuses for the bad service faster than the customers could complain:\n\nPantomime\n\nLeno's first London appearance in pantomime was as Dame Durden in Jack and the Beanstalk, which he performed at London's Surrey Theatre in 1886, having been spotted singing \"Going to Buy Milk\" by the Surrey Theatre manager, George Conquest. Conquest also hired Leno's wife to star in the production. The pantomime was a success, and Leno received rave reviews; as a result, he was booked to star as Tinpanz the Tinker in the following year's pantomime, which had the unique title of Sinbad and the Little Old Man of the Sea; or, The Tinker, the Tailor, the Soldier, the Sailor, Apothecary, Ploughboy, Gentleman Thief.\n\nAfter these pantomime performances proved popular with audiences, Leno was hired in 1888 by Augustus Harris, manager at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, to appear in that year's Christmas pantomime, Babes in the Wood. Harris's pantomime productions at the huge theatre were known for their extravagance and splendour. Each one had a cast of over a hundred performers, ballet dancers, acrobats, marionettes and animals, and included an elaborate transformation scene and an energetic harlequinade. Often they were partly written by Harris. Herbert Campbell and Harry Nicholls starred with Leno in the next fifteen Christmas productions at Drury Lane. Campbell had appeared in the theatre's previous five pantomimes and was a favourite of the writer of those productions, E. L. Blanchard. Blanchard left the theatre when Leno was hired, believing that music hall performers were unsuitable for his Christmas pantomimes. This was not a view shared by audiences or the critics, one of whom wrote: \n\nBabes in the Wood was a triumph: the theatre reported record attendance, and the run was extended until 27 April 1889. Leno considerably reduced his music-hall engagements as a consequence. Nevertheless, between April and October 1889, Leno appeared simultaneously at the Empire Theatre and the Oxford Music Hall, performing his one-man show. By this time, Leno was much in demand and had bookings for the next three years. On 9 May 1889 he starred for George P. Hawtrey in a matinee of Penelope, a musical version of a famous farce The Area Belle, to benefit the Holborn Lodge for Shop Girls. In this benefit, he played the role of Pitcher opposite the seasoned Gilbert and Sullivan performer Rutland Barrington. The Times considered that his performance treated the piece \"too much in the manner of pantomime\". During Leno's long association with the Drury Lane pantomimes, he appeared chiefly as the dame. After Harris died in 1896, Arthur Collins became the manager of the theatre and oversaw (and often helped to write) the pantomimes.\n\nIn their pantomimes, the diminutive Leno and the massive Campbell were a visually comic duo. They would often deviate from the script, improvising freely. This was met with some scepticism by producers, who feared that the scenes would not be funny to audiences and observed that, in any event, they were rarely at their best until a few nights after opening. George Bernard Shaw wrote of one appearance: \"I hope I never again have to endure anything more dismally futile\", and the English essayist and caricaturist Max Beerbohm stated that \"Leno does not do himself justice collaborating with the public\". He noted, however, that Leno \"was exceptional in giving each of his dames a personality of her own, from extravagant queen to artless gossip\". In Sleeping Beauty, Leno and Campbell caused the audience to laugh even when they could not see them: they would arrive on stage in closed palanquins and exchange the lines, \"Have you anything to do this afternoon, my dear?\" – \"No, I have nothing on\", before being carried off again. Leno and Campbell's pantomimes from 1889 were Jack and the Beanstalk (1889 and 1899), Beauty and the Beast (1890 and 1900), Humpty Dumpty (1891 and 1903), Little Bo-Peep (1892), Robinson Crusoe (1893), Dick Whittington and His Cat (1894), Cinderella (1895), Aladdin (1896), Babes in the Wood (1897) and the Forty Thieves (1898).\n\nLeno considered the dame roles in two of his last pantomimes, Bluebeard (1901) and Mother Goose (1902), written by J. Hickory Wood, to be his favourites. He was paid £200 (£ in adjusted for inflation) for each of the pantomime seasons. Leno appeared at Drury Lane as Sister Anne in Bluebeard, a character described by Wood as \"a sprightly, somewhat below middle aged person who was of a coming on disposition and who had not yet abandoned hope\" The Times drama critic noted: \"It is a quite peculiar and original Sister Anne, who dances breakdowns and sings strange ballads to a still stranger harp and plays ping-pong with a frying-pan and potatoes and burlesques Sherlock Holmes and wears the oddest of garments and dresses her hair like Miss Morleena Kenwigs, and speaks in a piping voice – in short it is none other than Dan Leno whom we all know\". Mother Goose provided Leno with one of the most challenging roles of his career, in which he was required to portray the same woman in several different guises. Wood's idea, that neither fortune nor beauty would bring happiness, was illustrated by a series of magical character transformations. The poor, unkempt and generally ugly Mother Goose eventually became a rich and beautiful but tasteless parvenu, searching for a suitor. The production was one of Drury Lane's most successful pantomimes, running until 28 March 1903.\n\nLater career\n\nIn 1896, the impresario Milton Bode approached Leno with a proposal for a farcical musical comedy vehicle devised for him called Orlando Dando, the Volunteer, by Basil Hood with music by Walter Slaughter. Leno's agent declined the offer, as his client was solidly booked for two years. Bode offered Leno £625 (£ in adjusted for inflation) for a six-week appearance in 1898. Upon hearing this, the comedian overrode his agent and accepted the offer. Leno toured the provinces in the piece and was an immediate success. So popular was his performance that Bode re-engaged him for a further two shows: the musical farce In Gay Piccadilly! (1899), by George R. Sims, in which Leno's uncle, Johnny Danvers appeared (The Era said that Leno was \"attracting huge houses\" and called him \"excruciatingly funny\"); and the musical comedy Mr. Wix of Wickham (1902). Both toured after their original runs. In 1897, Leno went to America and made his debut on 12 April of that year at Hammerstein's Olympia Music Hall on Broadway, where he was billed as \"The Funniest Man on Earth\". Reviews were mixed: one newspaper reported that the house roared its approval, while another complained that Leno's English humour was out of date. His American engagement came to an end a month later, and Leno said that it was \"the crown of my career\". Despite his jubilation, Leno was conscious of the few negative reviews he had received and rejected all later offers to tour the United States and Australia.\n\nThe same year, the comedian lent his name and writing talents to Dan Leno's Comic Journal. The paper was primarily aimed at young adults and featured a mythologised version of Leno – the first comic paper to take its name from, and base a central character on, a living person. Published by C. Arthur Pearson, Issue No. 1 appeared on 26 February 1898, and the paper sold 350,000 copies a year. Leno wrote most of the paper's comic stories and jokes, and Tom Browne contributed many of the illustrations. The comedian retained editorial control of the paper, deciding which items to omit. The Journal was known for its slogans, including \"One Touch of Leno Makes the Whole World Grin\" and \"Won't wash clothes but will mangle melancholy\". The cover always showed a caricature of Leno and his editorial staff at work and play. Inside, the features included \"Daniel's Diary\", \"Moans from the Martyr\", two yarns, a couple of dozen cartoons and \"Leno's Latest – Fresh Jokes and Wheezes Made on the Premises\". After a run of nearly two years the novelty wore off, and Leno lost interest. The paper shut down on 2 December 1899.\n\nA journalist wrote, in the late 1890s, that Leno was \"probably the highest paid funny man in the world\". In 1898, Leno, Herbert Campbell and Danvers formed a consortium to build the Granville Theatre in Fulham, which was demolished in 1971. Leno published an autobiography, Dan Leno: Hys Booke, in 1899, possibly assisted by a ghostwriter, T. C. Elder. Leno's biographer J. Hickory Wood commented: \"I can honestly say that I never saw him absolutely at rest. He was always doing something, and had something else to do afterwards; or he had just been somewhere, was going somewhere else, and had several other appointments to follow.\" That year, Leno performed the role of \"waxi omo\" (a slang expression for a black-face performer) in the Doo-da-Day Minstrels, an act that included Danvers, Campbell, Bransby Williams, Joe Elvin and Eugene Stratton. The troupe's only performance was at the London Pavilion on 29 May 1899 as part of a benefit. Leno's song \"The Funny Little Nigger\" greatly amused the audience. His biographer Barry Anthony considered the performance to be \"more or less, the last gasp of black-face minstrelsy in Britain\".\n\nBetween 1901 and 1903, Leno recorded more than twenty-five songs and monologues on the Gramophone and Typewriter Company label. He also made 14 short films towards the end of his life, in which he portrayed a bumbling buffoon who struggles to carry out everyday tasks, such as riding a bicycle or opening a bottle of champagne. On 26 November 1901, Leno, along with Seymour Hicks and his wife, the actress Ellaline Terriss, was invited to Sandringham House to take part in a Royal Command Performance to entertain King Edward VII, Queen Alexandra, their son George and his wife, Mary, the Prince and Princess of Wales. Leno performed a thirty-five-minute solo act that included two of his best-known songs: \"How to Buy a House\" and \"The Huntsman\". After the performance, Leno reported, \"The King, the Queen and the Prince of Wales all very kindly shook hands with me and told me how much they had enjoyed it. The Princess of Wales was just going to shake hands with me, when she looked at my face, and couldn't do it for some time, because she laughed so much. I wasn't intending to look funny – I was really trying to look dignified and courtly; but I suppose I couldn't help myself.\" As a memento, the King presented Leno with a jewel-encrusted royal tie pin, and thereafter, Leno became known as \"the King's Jester\". Leno was the first music hall performer to give a Royal Command Performance during the King's reign.\n\nPersonal life\n\nIn 1883, Leno met Sarah Lydia Reynolds (1866–1942), a young dancer and comedy singer from Birmingham, while both were appearing at King Ohmy's Circus of Varieties, Rochdale. The daughter of a stage carpenter, Lydia, as she was known professionally, was already an accomplished actress as a teenager: of her performance in Sinbad the Sailor in 1881, one critic wrote that she \"played Zorlida very well for a young artiste. She is well known at this theatre and with proper training will prove a very clever actress.\" She and Leno married in 1884 in a discreet ceremony at St. George's Church, in Hulme, Manchester, soon after the birth of their first daughter, Georgina. A second child died in infancy, and John was born in 1888. Their three youngest children – Ernest (b. 1889), Sidney (b. 1891) and May (b. 1896) – all followed their father onto the stage. Sidney later performed as Dan Leno, Jr. After Leno's mother and stepfather retired from performing, Leno supported them financially until their deaths.\n\nLeno owned \"an acre or so\" of land at the back of his house in Clapham Park, producing cabbages, potatoes, poultry, butter and eggs. In 1898, Leno and his family moved to 56 Akerman Road, Lambeth, where they lived for several years. A blue plaque was erected there in 1962 by the London County Council.\n\nCharity and fundraising\nThe Terriers Association was established in 1890 to help retired artists in need of financial help. Leno was an active fundraiser in this and in the Music Hall Benevolent Fund, of which he became the president. He was an early member of the entertainment charity Grand Order of Water Rats, which helps performers who are in financial need, and served as its leader, the King Rat, in 1891, 1892 and 1897. Near the end of his life, Leno co-founded The Music Hall Artistes Railway Association, which entered a partnership with the Water Rats to form music hall's first trade union. Some of Leno's charity was discreet and unpublicised.\n\nIn the late 1890s, Leno formed a cricket team called the \"Dainties\", for which he recruited many of the day's leading comedians and music hall stars. They played for charity against a variety of amateur teams willing to put up with their comedic mayhem, such as London's Metropolitan Police Force; Leno's and his teammates' tomfoolery on the green amused the large crowds that they drew. From 1898 to 1903, the Dainties continued to play matches across London. Two films of action from the matches were produced in 1900 for audiences of the new medium of cinema. In September 1901, at a major charity match, the press noted the carnival atmosphere. The comedians wore silly costumes – Leno was dressed as an undertaker and later as a schoolgirl riding a camel. Bands played, and clowns circulated through the crowd. The rival team of professional Surrey cricketers were persuaded to wear tall hats during the match. 18,000 spectators attended, contributing funds for music hall and cricketers' charities, among others.\n\nDecline and mental breakdown\n\nLeno began to drink heavily after performances, and, by 1901, like his father and stepfather before him, he had become an alcoholic. He gradually declined physically and mentally and displayed frequent bouts of erratic behaviour that began to affect his work. By 1902, Leno's angry and violent behaviour directed at fellow cast members, friends and family had become frequent. Once composed, he would become remorseful and apologetic. His erratic behaviour was often a result of his diminishing ability to remember his lines and inaudibility in performance. Leno also suffered increasing deafness, which eventually caused problems on and off stage. In 1901, during a production of Bluebeard, Leno missed his verbal cue and, as a result, was left stuck up a tower for more than twenty minutes. At the end of the run of Mother Goose in 1903, producer Arthur Collins gave a tribute to Leno and presented him, on behalf of the Drury Lane Theatre's management, with an expensive silver dinner service. Leno rose to his feet and said: \"Governor, it's a magnificent present! I congratulate you and you deserve it!\"\n\nFrustrated at not being accepted as a serious actor, Leno became obsessed with the idea of playing Richard III and other great Shakespearean roles, inundating the actor–manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree with his proposals. After his final run of Mother Goose at the Drury Lane Theatre in early 1903, Leno's delusions overwhelmed him. On the closing evening, and again soon afterwards, he travelled to the home of Constance Collier, who was Beerbohm Tree's leading lady at His Majesty's Theatre, and also followed her to rehearsal there. He attempted to persuade her to act alongside him in a Shakespearean season that Leno was willing to fund. On the second visit to her home, Leno brought Collier a diamond brooch. Recognising that Leno was having a mental breakdown, she gently refused his offer, and Leno left distraught.\n\nTwo days later, he was admitted into an asylum for the insane. Leno spent several months in Camberwell House Asylum, London, under the care of Dr. Savage, who treated Leno with \"peace and quiet and a little water colouring\". On his second day, Leno told a nurse that the clock was wrong. When she stated that it was right, Leno remarked, \"Well if it's right, then what's it doing here?\" Leno made several attempts to leave the asylum, twice being successful. He was found each time and promptly returned.\n\nLast year and death\n\nUpon Leno's release from the institution in October 1903, the press offered much welcoming commentary and speculated as to whether he would appear that year in the Drury Lane pantomime, scheduled to be Humpty Dumpty. Concerned that Leno might suffer a relapse, Arthur Collins employed Marie Lloyd to take his place. By the time of rehearsals, however, Leno persuaded Collins that he was well enough to take part, and the cast was reshuffled to accommodate him. Leno appeared with success. Upon hearing his signature song, the audience reportedly gave him a standing ovation that lasted five minutes. He received a telegram from the King congratulating him on his performance.\n\nLeno's stage partner Herbert Campbell died in July 1904, shortly after the pantomime, following an accident at the age of fifty-seven. The death affected Leno deeply, and he went into a decline. At that time, he was appearing at the London Pavilion, but the show had to be cancelled owing to his inability to remember his lines. So harsh were the critics that Leno wrote a statement, published in The Era, to defend the show's originality. On 20 October 1904, Leno gave his last performance in the show. Afterwards, he stopped at the Belgrave Hospital for Children in Kennington, of which he was vice-president, to leave a donation.\n\nLeno died at his home in London on 31 October 1904, aged 43, and was buried at Lambeth Cemetery, Tooting. The cause of death is not known. His death and funeral were national news. The Daily Telegraph wrote in its obituary: \"There was only one Dan. His methods were inimitable; his face was indeed his fortune ... Who has seen him in any of his disguises and has failed to laugh?\" Max Beerbohm later said of Leno's death: \"So little and frail a lantern could not long harbour so big a flame\".\n\nLeno is commemorated by the Dan Leno Gardens on Patmos Road in London, situated behind St John the Divine, Kennington, and are designated for use by disabled people.\n\nNotes and references\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n Dan Leno profile and recordings of \"The Huntsman\" (1901) and \"Going to the Races\" (1903)\n The legacy of Dan Leno at Ward's Book of Days\n Lions, camels, and clowns at the oval: 1901 ... one of cricket's most unusual matches\n Photo of the young Leno at the Victoria & Albert Museum website\n Photo of Leno's \"Champion Clog Dancers Belt\" at the Victoria & Albert Museum website\n \n\n1860 births\n1904 deaths\nMale actors from London\nEnglish male comedians\nEnglish male musical theatre actors\nMusic hall performers\nPeople from Somers Town, London\nPeople from St Pancras, London\nPioneer recording artists\nPantomime dames\nSingers from London\n19th-century British male singers\n20th-century English comedians\nBurials at Lambeth Cemetery" ]

[ "Matt Hardy", "Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2011)" ]

[ "The situation, task, action, result (STAR) format is a technique used by interviewers to gather all the relevant information about a specific capability that the job requires. \n\n Situation: The interviewer wants you to present a recent challenging situation in which you found yourself.\n Task: What were you required to achieve? The interviewer will be looking to see what you were trying to achieve from the situation. Some performance development methods use “Target” rather than “Task”. Job interview candidates who describe a “Target” they set themselves instead of an externally imposed “Task” emphasize their own intrinsic motivation to perform and to develop their performance.\n Action: What did you do? The interviewer will be looking for information on what you did, why you did it and what the alternatives were.\n Results: What was the outcome of your actions? What did you achieve through your actions? Did you meet your objectives? What did you learn from this experience? Have you used this learning since?\n\nThe STAR technique is similar to the SOARA technique.\n\nThe STAR technique is also often complemented with an additional R on the end STARR or STAR(R) with the last R resembling reflection. This R aims to gather insight and interviewee's ability to learn and iterate. Whereas the STAR reveals how and what kind of result on an objective was achieved, the STARR with the additional R helps the interviewer to understand what the interviewee learned from the experience and how they would assimilate experiences. The interviewee can define what they would do (differently, the same, or better) next time being posed with a situation.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe ‘STAR’ technique to answer behavioral interview questions\nThe STAR method explained\n\nJob interview", "\"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" is the sixth episode of the third season of The CW television series, The Vampire Diaries and the 50th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on October 20, 2011. The episode was written by Julie Plec and Caroline Dries and directed by Rob Hardy.\n\nPlot\nElena (Nina Dobrev) starts training with Alaric (Matt Davis) to be able to protect herself from vampires, while Rebekah (Claire Holt) moves in with Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley) and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) as Klaus (Joseph Morgan) left the town and left her behind.\n\nDamon, Elena, Caroline (Candice Accola) and Alaric try to find a way to capture Stefan Salvatore, and Tyler (Michael Trevino) joins them. When he hears what they are planning to do he does not agree as it is not in Klaus’ interest. Damon realizes that Tyler is sired to Klaus and he knocks him down so he will not destroy their plan. Caroline takes Tyler home while the rest continue with their plan.\n\nMatt (Zach Roerig) keeps seeing Vicki (Kayla Ewell) who tries to convince him to do a spell ritual to bring her back. Jeremy (Steven R. McQueen) sees Matt talking alone and he realizes that he still sees Vicki. Anna (Malese Jow) tells Jeremy that Matt should not listen to Vicki and not bring her back because something bad will happen. Jeremy informs Bonnie (Kat Graham) about it and Bonnie tries to find Matt before he tries to do the ritual.\n\nMeanwhile, Matt completes the ritual while Vicki guides him on what to do. They are both happy that the ritual has worked, but Vicki reveals that she had a deal with the witch from the other side to kill Elena on her return, as Elena is the key for Klaus to create more hybrids. Matt tries to stop Vicki but without success, so he calls Bonnie to tell her what he did. Bonnie finds him and they try to reverse the spell so Vicki can go back to the other side.\n\nAt the bonfire party, Elena pretends to be drunk to fool Stefan while Damon keeps Rebekah occupied. Elena manages to lead Stefan away from the others and Alaric shoots him with vervain. They put him in the car and try to leave, but Vicki sets the car on fire with Elena and Stefan trapped inside. Alaric manages to get Elena out, then Elena helps Stefan get out before the car explodes. Bonnie manages to send Vicki back before she does anything else.\n\nMeanwhile, Katherine tries to wake Mikael (Sebastian Roché). She manages to do it and she asks him if he really knows how to kill Klaus. Mikael says that he does, that he will kill Klaus and asks Katherine to unchain him. When she does, Mikael tells her that he does not feed on human blood; when she asks what he feeds on, he grabs her and begins feeding on her.\n\nThe episode ends with Jeremy and Anna realizing that they now can feel each other’s touch, while Mason Lockwood appears at the Salvatore house and hits Damon.\n\nFeatured songs\nIn this episode, the following songs are used:\n\"Take Your Time\" by Cary Brothers\n\"Satellite\" by The Kills\n\"Rave On\" by Cults\n\"Brick by Brick\" by Arctic Monkeys\n\"My Body\" by Young the Giant\n\"Black Iron Lung\" by The Gods Of Macho\n\"This Too Shall Pass\" by OK Go\n\nReception\n\nRatings\nIn its original American broadcast, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was watched by 3.03 million; up by 0.14 from the previous episode.\n\nReviews\n\"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" received mixed reviews.\n\nCarrie Raisler from The A.V. Club gave the episode an A- rating. \"At a certain point, you’d think The Vampire Diaries would stop being able to pull off so many surprises. [...] Yet somehow, they all work. If you ever think you know what’s coming next, just accept it: You don’t. This is a very, very good thing.\"\n\nDiana Steenbergen of IGN rated the episode with 8/10 saying that it had a lot of action \"Even though some of the storylines felt like they took a step forward only to take a step backward again, it was fun to watch all the back and forth. And there was one heck of a surprise return at the end.\"\n\nMatt Richenthal from TV Fanatic rated the episode with 3.7/5 saying that the ghost storyline is heavy. \"It's one thing to keep viewers in suspense; it's another to outright confuse them with one random event after another. Right now, my eyebrows are furrowed more than my pulse is pounding. [...] I'm confident these ghost stories will come together at some point.\"\n\nRobin Franson Pruter of Forced Viewing rated the episode with 2/4 saying that after last week's episode, this week should focus on Stefan turning his humanity switch off and not Vicki and that the plenty of storylines have no coherence. \"Overall, this episode suffers from the blahs, and we viewers just need to chug on through it to get to the next one.\"\n\nE. Reagan from The TV Chick gave a good review to the episode saying that there was \"so much awesomeness\" in it. \"Just when I think, yeah, The Vampire Diaries is awesome, it goes ahead and gets a little more awesome. And \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" proved that 10 times over.\"\n\nEmma Fraser of TV Overmind also gave a good review to the episode. \"The Vampire Diaries sure has come a long way since their first day back at school in the pilot and \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" nicely demonstrates this. I really can’t heap enough praise on this show, which has already packed more into 6 episodes than most shows do in a season.\"\n\nCaroline Preece from Den of Geek gave a mixed review to the episode saying that the ghosts took the center stage this week. \"After last week's standout episode pushed Vampire Diaries forward a few thousand steps, this week it's back to school, keeping with the nostalgic teen drama of the season, but losing some of the momentum that made last week so much fun.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n2011 American television episodes\nThe Vampire Diaries (season 3) episodes" ]

[ "Matt Hardy", "Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2011)", "what did Matt have to do with Total Non stop action?", "Hardy made his debut for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) at the Genesis pay-per-view, as part of the stable Immortal." ]

[ "Shanshe, Duke of Ksani () (born end of 17th century – died 1753), was a politician from Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti. From 1718 was eristavi of Ksani.\n\nIn 1719 he insurrected against king of Kartli Vakhtang VI, but he was defeated and exiled to Imereti. He managed to escape from exile and rebelled in 1720 and was again defeated. However he adulated to the King Vakhtang VI and was devoted of his oath till the end.\n\nIn 1723 when Kartl-kakheti was conquered by Ottoman empire he was fighting against the intruders. In 1735 when Ottoman role in Kartl-Kakheti was changed by Iranians (Qizilbashs) Shanshe together with Givi Amilakhvari and Vakhushti Abashidze led big revolt against Iranian conquerors and from the strengthened fortresses in Ksani Saeristavo he was fighting for two years. But in 1737 he was finally defeated and had to escape to Imereti and later to Russia.\n\nHe was trying to help Bakar (Son of Vakhtang VI and factual king of Kartli) return. However, this mission was unsuccessful and he returned to Georgia and continued fighting against Qizilbashs. Because of betrayal he was captured by Iranians and punished by scooping eyes.\n\nIn 1745 he was sent back to Tbilisi, after two years he got back his manorial estates.\nHe died in Tbilisi in prison in 1753. Where he was imprisoned because of rebel against king Erekle II.\n\nReferences \n GSE, (1986) volume 10, page 683, Tbilisi.\n Gvasalia, J. (1973) Essays on Georgian history. volume 4. Tbilisi\n\n1753 deaths\nPoliticians from Georgia (country)\nYear of birth missing\nNobility of Georgia (country)", "Leung Yee-tai was a Wing Chun master of the late Qing Dynasty.\n\nBackground\nLeung Yee-tai had become associated with Tiandihui and anti-Qing Dynasty resistance.\n\nHe was a strong boatman who steered a riverboat by pushing a long pole against the river bottom.\nA Shaolin monk Chi Sin (至善禪師) saw that he was a natural successor to the Southern Shaolin pole fighting skill called six and a half point long pole.\n\nHe taught Wong Wah-bo his pole fighting skill in exchange for the Wing Chun fist-fighting skill. Though he was a student of Wong in Wing Chun, he was actually Wong's sifu in the pole fighting skill. Wong modified the pole fighting skills using Wing Chun principles. The modified pole skill had since part of Wing Chun skills set.\n\nHe met Leung Jan of Foshan, a young herbal doctor, when he was sick. He then trained Leung Jan when he was already an old man at over sixty years of age. He went on to introduce Jan to Wong. Because both of Wong and Jan were from Gulao (古勞) Village, Wong imparted his full system of Wing Chun skills to him.\n\nLineage\n\nIn popular culture\nLeung Yee-tai was portrayed by Kong Ngai in the 1981 TVB television drama series Kung Fu Master of Fat Shan.\n\nHe was portrayed by Lam Ching-ying in the 1981 Sammo Hung film The Prodigal Son.\n\nIn the 2005 TVB television drama series Real Kung Fu, he was portrayed by Bryan Leung.\n\nReferences\nFirst and Pole at www.leungting.com\n\nChinese Wing Chun practitioners" ]

[ "Matt Hardy", "Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2011)", "what did Matt have to do with Total Non stop action?", "Hardy made his debut for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) at the Genesis pay-per-view, as part of the stable Immortal.", "who was he fighting against?", "He was the surprise opponent for Rob Van Dam," ]

[ "Malik Johnson, better known as K-Rob, is an American rapper most famous for providing vocals for \"Beat Bop\" with Rammellzee in 1983. He was also a graffiti artist with the tag \"Crane.\" He released the singles \"I'm a Homeboy\" and \"The Day K-Rob Came Back\" under his own name, in 1986. Since the 1980s, however, aside from providing a verse for \"Beat Bop Part 2\" on 2004's Bi-Conicals of the Rammellzee, K-Rob has devoted himself more to his Muslim faith.\n\nReferences \n\nLiving people\nAmerican rappers\nAfrican-American rappers\nAfrican-American Muslims\n21st-century American rappers\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nGraffiti artists\n21st-century African-American musicians", "Back to the Beat is the ninth album by the turntablist Rob Swift. It was released on February 13, 2003, by On the Strength Records and was produced by Rob Swift.\n\nTrack listing\n\"Going Postal\" \n\"Can't Stop\" \n\"This Is How It Should Be Done\" \n\"This Is How It Was Done\" \n\"Take a Sec\" \n\"Take a Second Look\" \n\"Had to Gatcha\" \n\"Swift James\" \n\"Heads Up\" \n\"Never Dug Disco\" \n\"Don't Blink\" \n\"Soul Vibration\" \n\"Remix Mad Kick\" \n\"Back to the Beat\" \n\"Pink Cookies\" \n\"Next Up\" \n\"Yo I Believe That's Me\" \n\"Stick Up Kids\" \n\"Beat Down and Out\"\n\nReferences\n\nRob Swift albums\n2006 albums" ]

[ "Matt Hardy", "Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2011)", "what did Matt have to do with Total Non stop action?", "Hardy made his debut for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) at the Genesis pay-per-view, as part of the stable Immortal.", "who was he fighting against?", "He was the surprise opponent for Rob Van Dam,", "did he beat Rob?", "defeated him to prevent Van Dam from receiving a match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship," ]

[ "\"What Else Is There?\" is the third single from the Norwegian duo Röyksopp's second album The Understanding. It features the vocals of Karin Dreijer from the Swedish electronica duo The Knife. The album was released in the UK with the help of Astralwerks.\n\nThe single was used in an O2 television advertisement in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia during 2008. It was also used in the 2006 film Cashback and the 2007 film, Meet Bill. Trentemøller's remix of \"What Else is There?\" was featured in an episode of the HBO show Entourage.\n\nThe song was covered by extreme metal band Enslaved as a bonus track for their album E.\n\nThe song was listed as the 375th best song of the 2000s by Pitchfork Media.\n\nOfficial versions\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Album Version) – 5:17\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Radio Edit) – 3:38\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Jacques Lu Cont Radio Mix) – 3:46\n\"What Else Is There?\" (The Emperor Machine Vocal Version) – 8:03\n\"What Else Is There?\" (The Emperor Machine Dub Version) – 7:51\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Mix) – 8:25\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Edit) – 4:50\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Remix) (Radio Edit) – 3:06\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Trentemøller Remix) – 7:42\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Vitalic Remix) – 5:14\n\nResponse\nThe single was officially released on 5 December 2005 in the UK. The single had a limited release on 21 November 2005 to promote the upcoming album. On the UK Singles Chart, it peaked at number 32, while on the UK Dance Chart, it reached number one.\n\nMusic video\nThe music video was directed by Martin de Thurah. It features Norwegian model Marianne Schröder who is shown lip-syncing Dreijer's voice. Schröder is depicted as a floating woman traveling across stormy landscapes and within empty houses. Dreijer makes a cameo appearance as a woman wearing an Elizabethan ruff while dining alone at a festive table.\n\nMovie spots\n\nThe song is also featured in the movie Meet Bill as characters played by Jessica Alba and Aaron Eckhart smoke marijuana while listening to it. It is also part of the end credits music of the film Cashback.\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2005 singles\nRöyksopp songs\nAstralwerks singles\nSongs written by Svein Berge\nSongs written by Torbjørn Brundtland\n2004 songs\nSongs written by Roger Greenaway\nSongs written by Olof Dreijer\nSongs written by Karin Dreijer", "Something to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard is an audio podcast that discusses topics, events, wrestlers and memorable moments through the lens of WWE executive Bruce Prichard. The show was launched in August 2016 on MLW Radio. The episodes' length typically ranges from two to four hours, and include discussions about previous WWE pay-per-views and former WWE wrestlers. A video version of the podcast called Something Else to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard debuted on the WWE Network on April 18, 2018. Season one has 13 episodes.\n\nFormat\nThe podcast is co-hosted by Conrad Thompson. Thompson sits down with Bruce Prichard, a former WWE executive who performed on camera and was behind the scenes with the company for over twenty years. Each week, Thompson and Prichard discuss a new topic which is typically a particular WWE event, WWE happening or WWE character. Prichard discusses his experiences and recalls the topic of the episode from his perspective. Initially, the topic of each episode was voted on by the fans through Facebook or Twitter, however following Prichard's return to WWE in 2019 causing a more limited recording schedule, Thompson and Prichard now determine the topics in advance. A version of the podcast is available without commercials for a fee. The free version of the podcast contains approximately 20-25 minutes of audio commercials per hour.\n\nReception\nIn 2017, Something to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard won two awards. The Academy of Podcasters named the podcast its Sports & Recreation podcast of the year. In addition, Sports Illustrated named the podcast its Sports Podcast of the Year in its annual Sports Media Awards.\n\nSpin-offs\nOn January 30, 2017, Thompson launched a second show with former WCW announcer Tony Schiavone titled What Happened When available on MLW Radio discussing stories from Jim Crockett Promotions and World Championship Wrestling.\n\nIn April 2018, another spin-off launched with Thompson and former WCW president Eric Bischoff known as 83 Weeks, covering the same topics as What Happened When, but from Bischoff's standpoint who ran WCW from 1994 through 1999.\n\nIn April 2018, Prichard and Thompson began doing a show for the WWE Network titled Something Else to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard. The show has the same format as the original podcast, the only difference between the two being that Something Else to Wrestle is a video version of the show. The first episode was on April 18, 2018.\n\nIn May 2019, Thompson began another spin-off with former WCW and WWE talent, and current All Elite Wrestling commentator Jim Ross, known as Grilling JR.\n\nIn January 2021, another spin-off was launched this time featuring WWE Hall of Famer Kurt Angle, known as The Kurt Angle Show.\n\nLive shows\nPrichard and Thompson do multiple live shows per year, which have been successful with most being sell-outs. Unlike the audio podcast, the show will sometimes feature guests such as Pat Patterson and Jeff Jarrett. Something to Wrestle no longer does live shows as of Bruce Prichard's return to WWE in early 2019.\n\nEpisodes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n2016 podcast debuts\nAudio podcasts\nProfessional wrestling-related mass media\nProfessional wrestling podcasters\nWWE Network shows\nEntertainment-related YouTube channels\nHistory of WWE" ]

[ "Matt Hardy", "Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2011)", "what did Matt have to do with Total Non stop action?", "Hardy made his debut for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) at the Genesis pay-per-view, as part of the stable Immortal.", "who was he fighting against?", "He was the surprise opponent for Rob Van Dam,", "did he beat Rob?", "defeated him to prevent Van Dam from receiving a match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship,", "what else happened in the show?", "In the main event, Hardy attempted to interfere in Jeff's World Heavyweight Championship match with Mr. Anderson, but was stopped by Van Dam," ]

[ "Love What Happened Here is an EP by English musician and producer James Blake. It was first released on 12 December 2011 as digital download and then on 2 March 2012 on 12\" vinyl record. It was produced by James Blake and mastered by Matt Colton.\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel\nJames Blake – writing, production\nMatt Colton – mastering\n\nChart performance\n\nReferences\n\nAlbums produced by James Blake (musician)\nJames Blake (musician) albums\n2011 EPs", "{{DISPLAYTITLE:Nothing to Prove (H2O album)}}\n\nNothing to Prove is the fifth studio album by American punk rock band H2O. It was released on May 27, 2008, through Bridge 9 Records. It is the band's first album since 2001's Go, and the first new material since their 2002 EP All We Want. The album hit at #7 on Billboard Top Heatseekers on June 14, 2008.\n\nToby Morse's son Maximus is featured throughout the album, providing intros/outros to many of the songs.\n\nTrack listing \n\nNotes\nThe track \"Mitts\" is a reworked version of the songs \"Static\", which appeared on their 2002 EP All We Want. The band produced a video for \"What Happened\" featuring actor Michael Rapaport and musicians Matt Skiba and Lou Koller.\n\nPersonnel \n Toby Morse – vocals\n Todd Morse – guitar, vocals\n Rusty Pistachio – guitar, vocals\n Adam Blake – bass\n Todd Friend – drums\n Roger Miret – vocals on \"Nothing to Prove\"\n Freddy Cricien – vocals on \"A Thin Line\"\n CIV – guests on \"Still Here\"\n Lou Koller – guest on \"Fairweather Friend\" and \"What Happened\"\n Kevin Seconds – guest on \"Fairweather Friend\"\n Matt Skiba – guest on \"What Happened\"\n Danny Diablo – guest on \"Nothing to Prove\"\n Sons of Nero – artwork\n\nReferences \n\nH2O (American band) albums\n2008 albums\nBridge 9 Records albums\nAlbums produced by Chad Gilbert\nAlbums with cover art by Sons of Nero" ]

[ "Matt Hardy", "Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2011)", "what did Matt have to do with Total Non stop action?", "Hardy made his debut for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) at the Genesis pay-per-view, as part of the stable Immortal.", "who was he fighting against?", "He was the surprise opponent for Rob Van Dam,", "did he beat Rob?", "defeated him to prevent Van Dam from receiving a match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship,", "what else happened in the show?", "In the main event, Hardy attempted to interfere in Jeff's World Heavyweight Championship match with Mr. Anderson, but was stopped by Van Dam,", "did Matt beat them both or what happened?", "was stopped by Van Dam, which led to Jeff losing both the match and the championship." ]

[ "\"Rock wit U (Awww Baby)\" is a song by American R&B singer Ashanti. Written by her along with Irv Gotti and Chink Santana for her second studio album, Chapter II (2003), and produced by Gotti and Santana, the song was released by Murder Inc. on May 19, 2003, as the lead single from Chapter II, peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 for one week and became her first international hit from her second album, reaching number 7 in the UK and number 19 in Australia.\n\nMusic video\nDirected by Paul Hunter and filmed in Miami in early May 2003, the music video for \"Rock wit U (Awww Baby)\" features Ashanti at a beach with her boyfriend while they flirt in bed together and driving down the road in a Jeep. In some scenes, the boyfriend watches Ashanti dance for him in the house and behind some trees at night. There is also a scene where she rides on an elephant in the water.\n\nThe video was nominated at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards for Best R&B Video. It has been available on YouTube since 2009, with over 45 million views.\n\nTrack listings\n\nNotes\n denotes additional producer\n\nCredits and personnel\nCredits lifted from the liner notes of Chapter II.\n\n Rob Bacon – guitar\n Milwaukee Buck – recording engineer\n Ashanti Douglas – vocals, writer\n Duro – mixing engineer\n Terry Hubert – recording assistant\n Irving Lorenzo – mixing engineer, producer, writer\n Demetrius McGhee – additional keyboards\n Andre Parker – producer, writer\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nCertifications\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\n2003 singles\n2003 songs\nAshanti (singer) songs\nMusic videos directed by Paul Hunter (director)\nSongs written by Ashanti (singer)\nSongs written by Chink Santana\nSongs written by Irv Gotti", "Rematch is a Sammy Hagar compilation album.\n\nRematch may also refer to:\n\n Replay (sports)\n REMATCH (Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure), a clinical trial for a ventricular assist device\n Re:Match, a 1982 album by Armageddon Dildos\n \"Rematch\", a 2000 song by Dave Angel and Darren Emerson\n \"Rematch\", a 2018 song by musical duo MXM\n\nSee also\n Riddim Driven: Rematch, a 2002 installment of VP Records' Riddim Driven series" ]

[ "Matt Hardy", "Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2011)", "what did Matt have to do with Total Non stop action?", "Hardy made his debut for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) at the Genesis pay-per-view, as part of the stable Immortal.", "who was he fighting against?", "He was the surprise opponent for Rob Van Dam,", "did he beat Rob?", "defeated him to prevent Van Dam from receiving a match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship,", "what else happened in the show?", "In the main event, Hardy attempted to interfere in Jeff's World Heavyweight Championship match with Mr. Anderson, but was stopped by Van Dam,", "did Matt beat them both or what happened?", "was stopped by Van Dam, which led to Jeff losing both the match and the championship.", "awww....did they come back for a rematch?", "On February 13 at Against All Odds, Rob Van Dam defeated Hardy in a rematch." ]

[ "Anyone Else may refer to:\n \"Anyone Else\" (Collin Raye song), 1999\n \"Anyone Else\" (Matt Cardle song), 2012", "\"Anyone Else\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Matt Cardle, co-written by Cardle with Jeff Halatrax. It was released as the second single from his second studio album, The Fire, on 31 December 2012. For the radio version the vocals were reworked slightly, with extra backing vocals added on the last chorus, however this version was not made available to buy. With limited national radio support and no release separate from the album digital download, which was already available, it is perhaps unsurprising that the song did not chart.\n\nBackground\nCardle wrote the song in Los Angeles and it was recorded at Canvas Studios in London and Studio 217 in Los Angeles. Cardle says the song is about \"not being able to make up my mind whether I want to sleep around or not!\" and \"To be with that one person that really means something to you.\" He says it the poppiest track on the album and describes it as \"hooky, it's funky, it's a little more colourful\".\n\nA music video to accompany the song was premiered on YouTube on 4 December 2012, at a total length of three minutes and twenty six seconds. The video was filmed at the Playhouse Theatre in London and features Cardle performing the song on the stage with his band members, as if a rehearsal for a show, with just his girlfriend watching. As the song progresses, Cardle sees the band members appearing to transform into attractive women trying to seduce him.\n\nPromotion\nCardle first performed \"Anyone Else\" on British television programme Daybreak, on 13 December 2012, followed by a performance on Loose Women on 4 January 2013. He then performed it on Irish entertainment programme The Saturday Night Show, on 26 January 2013.\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\nMatt Cardle songs\n2012 singles\nSongs written by Matt Cardle\n2012 songs" ]

[ "Matt Hardy", "Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2011)", "what did Matt have to do with Total Non stop action?", "Hardy made his debut for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) at the Genesis pay-per-view, as part of the stable Immortal.", "who was he fighting against?", "He was the surprise opponent for Rob Van Dam,", "did he beat Rob?", "defeated him to prevent Van Dam from receiving a match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship,", "what else happened in the show?", "In the main event, Hardy attempted to interfere in Jeff's World Heavyweight Championship match with Mr. Anderson, but was stopped by Van Dam,", "did Matt beat them both or what happened?", "was stopped by Van Dam, which led to Jeff losing both the match and the championship.", "awww....did they come back for a rematch?", "On February 13 at Against All Odds, Rob Van Dam defeated Hardy in a rematch.", "did they fight again or did Matt fight with anyone else?", "Fortune. On March 13 at Victory Road Hardy was defeated by Flair's previous protege, A.J. Styles." ]

[ "Anything Can Happen is a 1952 comedy-drama film.\n\nAnything Can Happen may also refer to:\n\n Anything Can Happen (album), by Leon Russell, 1994\n \"Anything Can Happen\", a 2019 song by Saint Jhn \n Edhuvum Nadakkum ('Anything Can Happen'), a season of the Tamil TV series Marmadesam\n \"Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour\", or \"Anything Can Happen\", a 2007 song by Enter Shikari\n Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour (EP), 2004\n\nSee also\n \"Anything Could Happen\", a 2012 song by Ellie Goulding \n Anything Might Happen, 1934 British crime film\n Special Effects: Anything Can Happen, a 1996 American documentary film\n \"Anything Can Happen on Halloween\", a song from the 1986 film The Worst Witch \n Anything Can Happen in the Theatre, a musical revue of works by Maury Yeston\n \"The Anything Can Happen Recurrence\", an episode of The Big Bang Theory (season 7)\n The Anupam Kher Show - Kucch Bhi Ho Sakta Hai ('The Anupam Kher Show — Anything Can Happen') an Indian TV show", "Nemesis Fighting: MMA Global Invasion was a mixed martial arts event promoted by Nemesis Fighting. It was originally scheduled to take place on November 13, 2010 in Punta Cana, La Altagracia.\n\nControversy\n\nThe event was postponed to avoid a storm the new date for the event being December 10, 2010. The company also promised a \"live\" internet stream of the fights on December 13, 2010 but that did not happen.\n\nThe event has been marred by accusations that fighters were not compensated.\n\nKeith Jardine has been accused of greasing in the fight, they had no judges and the time for the rounds were kept by a mobile phone.\n\nJohn Dodson claimed his fight with John Moraga lasted 17 or 18 minutes. “It was unorganized,\" said Dodson. \"They didn’t have anything well put together.”\n\nThe promotion reportedly owed at least $233,000 which was never paid. The case has been taken up by the U.S. Secret Service.\n\nNemesis Fight Promotions has not hosted an event since and their website has been suspended.\n\nResults\n\nReferences\n\nMixed martial arts events\n2010 in mixed martial arts\nMixed martial arts in the Dominican Republic\nSport in La Altagracia Province\n2010 in Dominican Republic sport" ]

[ "Zico", "International career" ]

[ "Thomas Zenke (born 30 January 1993) is a Nigerian international footballer who plays for Enyimba, as a winger.\n\nCareer\nHe has played club football for ABS, Enyimba and Nasarawa United.\n\nIn January 2016, Zenke travelled to Malta for negotiations with Mosta FC. But he was left disappointed after learning what he will be earning which was far less than what he was told when he agreed to travel to Malta. He then travelled back to Nigeria and continued playing for Nasarawa United.\n\nZenke rejoined Enyimba in January 2019.\n\nNational career\nHe made his international debut for Nigeria in 2017.\n\nPersonal life\nHis older brother Simon is also a footballer.\n\nReferences\n\n1993 births\nLiving people\nNigerian footballers\nNigeria international footballers\nABS F.C. players\nEnyimba F.C. players\nNasarawa United F.C. players\nAssociation football wingers", "Bennett Masinga (13 January 1965 – 14 November 2013) was a South African footballer who played as a striker.\n\nHe was the cousin of former footballer Phil Masinga.\n\nMasinga died on 14 November 2013 at the age of 48.\n\nInternational career\nHe was on the score sheet with his cousin in one of Bafana Bafana's first international matches in a 2–2 draw against Cameroon on 11 July 1992. His fifth and last international match was against Mauritius on 10 April 1993.\n\nStyle of play\nMTN described Masinga as one of the best near post goalscorers in SA football, a tiny man, quick as lightning and able to sniff out a goal in any situation.\n\nDeath\nMasinga died at the age of 48 after a short illness. Condolences flooded in for the Masinga family. Former Mamelodi Sundowns teammate Zane Moosa took to Twitter to mourn with his tweet reading \"Eish, what a sad way to start the weekend. The passing of Bennett \"Loverboy\" Masinga, what a player! Robala ka kgostso Bennito\". Phil Masinga also said \"I idolised him. Followed him around as a youngster. Carried his boots for him just to see him play. All I wanted was to be as good in football as he was. No doubt he was a better player than me.\"\n\nCareer statistics\n\nInternational goals\n\nSee also\n\n List of African association football families\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1965 births\n2013 deaths\nSouth African soccer players\nSouth Africa international soccer players\nAssociation football forwards\nMamelodi Sundowns F.C. players\nPeople from Klerksdorp\nBloemfontein Celtic F.C. players\nHellenic F.C. players\nSantos F.C. (South Africa) players" ]

[ "Zico", "International career", "What was his international career?", "Brazil national football team" ]

[ "Charles Young (September 1686 – 12 December 1758) was an English organist and composer. He was part of a well-known English family of musicians that included several professional singers and organists during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.\n\nBiography\nCharles Young was born sometime during September 1686 in the Covent Garden area of London and was baptised on 7 October of the same year. Born into a musical family, his initial studies were with his father alongside his elder brother Anthony Young, who would also become a successful organist and minor composer. He became a chorister at St Paul's Cathedral in the late 1690s where he sang for over a decade. In 1713, Young was appointed organist of All Hallows, Barking-by-the-Tower, where he remained until his death in 1758. His grandson, Charles John Frederick Lampe, replaced him as organist at All Hallows after his death.\n\nAs a composer, Young wrote music mostly for the Church of England. He was not prolific, producing only a handful of anthems and some organ preludes. He also composed a few vocal art songs. His reputation lies more on his skills as an organist and he was regarded as one of the finest players in England during the eighteenth century.\n\nSeveral of Young's children went on to have successful careers. His eldest daughter Cecilia Young (1712-1789) was one of the greatest English sopranos of the eighteenth century and the wife of composer Thomas Arne. Their son and Charles's grandson, Michael Arne, was a successful composer. His daughter Isabella was also a successful soprano and the wife of composer John Frederick Lampe, and his daughter Esther was a well known contralto and wife to Charles Jones, one of the largest music publishers in England during the eighteenth century. Young's only son, Charles, was a clerk at the Treasury, whose daughters, Isabella, Elizabeth, and Polly followed in the foot steps of their aunts to become successful singers.\n\nReferences\n\n1686 births\n1758 deaths\nEnglish organists\nBritish male organists\nEnglish composers\nCharles", "This is a list of members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly between the 1917 election and the 1921 election, together known as the 10th Parliament.\n\nNotes\n The Labor member for Subiaco, Bartholomew James Stubbs, died in action in Belgium on 26 September 1917. At the resulting by-election on 10 November 1917, the Nationalist candidate, Samuel Brown, was successful.\n The Nationalist member for Claremont, John Stewart, resigned on 30 August 1918. At the resulting by-election on 14 September 1918, the Nationalist candidate, Thomas Duff, was successful.\n Sir James Mitchell, member for Northam, was appointed by Premier Hal Colebatch as Minister for Lands and Repatriation on 17 April 1919. Mitchell was therefore required to resign and contest a ministerial by-election, at which he was declared elected upon the close of nominations on 24 April 1919. He himself became premier three weeks later after the failure of the Colebatch Ministry.\n The Nationalist member for Albany, Herbert Robinson, died on 2 May 1919. At the resulting by-election on 31 May 1919, the National Labor candidate, former Premier John Scaddan, was successful.\n Thomas Draper, member for West Perth, was appointed by Premier James Mitchell as Attorney-General on 17 May 1919. Draper was therefore required to resign and contest a ministerial by-election, at which he was successful against an Independent candidate on 7 June 1919.\n Frank Broun, member for Beverley, was appointed by Premier James Mitchell as Colonial Secretary on 25 June 1919. Broun was therefore required to resign and contest a ministerial by-election, at which he was returned unopposed at the close of nominations on 10 July 1919.\n The National Labor member for Mount Leonora, George Foley, resigned on 18 November 1920, to run as the Nationalist candidate for the federal seat of Kalgoorlie at a by-election following the expulsion of Hugh Mahon from the Australian House of Representatives. At the resulting by-election on 20 December 1920, the Labor candidate, Thomas Heron, was successful.\n\nSources\n \n \n\nMembers of Western Australian parliaments by term" ]

[ "Zico", "International career", "What was his international career?", "Brazil national football team", "Was he successful?", "debut in the South American Qualifier to the 1972 Summer Olympics playing 5 matches and scoring the qualifying goal against Argentina." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Zico", "International career", "What was his international career?", "Brazil national football team", "Was he successful?", "debut in the South American Qualifier to the 1972 Summer Olympics playing 5 matches and scoring the qualifying goal against Argentina.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Having been cleared of all the tax evasion charges by Italian officials in 1988," ]

[ "Marcus Cornelius Cethegus was a Roman statesman in the first half of the 2nd century BC. He was elected consul in 160 BC, in which position he served alongside Lucius Anicius Gallus. He drained the Pomptine Marshes and converted them into arable land.\n\nIn 171 BC he was sent as part of a commission into Cisalpine Gaul to determine why the consul Gaius Cassius Longinus had left his province. In 169 BC he was triumvir coloniae deducendae, an official charged with establishing a colony in Aquileia.\n\nSee also\n Cornelia gens\n\nReferences\n\n2nd-century BC Roman consuls\nCornelii Cethegi\nRoman patricians", "Thomas Edward Cantwell (14 December 1864 – 29 December 1906) was a British anarchist activist.\n\nBorn in the Pentonville Road area of London, Cantwell spent some time working as a basket-maker before entering the printing trade. Interested in anarchism, he joined the Socialist League in about 1886, and was elected to its council the following year. There, he was a prominent support of the anarcho-communist Joseph Lane.\n\nThe anarchist wing of the league became increasingly prominent, and from 1890, all the key posts were held by anarcho-communists. In 1892, David Nicholl, editor of its newspaper, Commonweal, was imprisoned, and Cantwell replaced him. He focused on producing revolutionary propaganda for the group. The following year, he was arrested for putting up posters calling for a protest against the wedding of Prince George, Duke of York, and Princess Mary of Teck, which stated that \"He who would be free himself must strike the blow\". Although he was held in prison for some time, charges were dismissed. The owner of one of the hoardings where Cantwell had placed a poster then sued him and his colleague, Young, and they were each fined two guineas.\n\nIn 1894, Cantwell spoke at a rally the day before the opening of Tower Bridge, arguing that the contribution of the workers who had built the bridge was not appropriately recognised. He was arrested, and his colleague C. T. Quinn was also arrested, after he went to the Police Court to ask about Cantwell. Both were charged with sedition; unfortunately for Cantwell, he had in his possession leaflets printed by the Necessity Group entitled \"Why Vaillant threw the Bomb\", so he was also charged with possession of manuscripts explaining the use of explosives. Cantwell denied advocating violence, but was found guilty and served six months in prison.\n\nOn release, Cantwell joined the anarchist Freedom Group, spending some time as an editor of its newspaper, Freedom. He worked as a compositor for anarchist publications, but suffered a stroke in 1902, and thereafter was in poor health, dying in 1906.\n\nReferences\n\n1864 births\n1906 deaths\nEnglish anarchists\nPeople from Islington (district)\nSocialist League (UK, 1885) members" ]

[ "Garth Brooks", "1993-1994: In Pieces and first world tour" ]

[ "\"Beats + Pieces\" is a single by Coldcut, released in 1987 as the first single from their debut album What's That Noise? \n\nThe song features samples from sources ranging from James Brown, Kurtis Blow and American comedian Flip Wilson.\n\nReferences\n\n1987 singles\nColdcut songs\n1987 songs", "Pieces is the debut album of the American singer-songwriter and musician Matt Simons. Containing 10 tracks, nine of which his own compositions, the album was released in the United States on June 19, 2012. The album also contains one non-original track, \"I Will Follow You into the Dark\" which if from band Death Cab for Cutie. The debut single from the album produced by American producer and sound engineer Stephen Gause was \"Gone\" that was released in June 2012.\n\nThe second single from the album was \"With You\". The track became hugely popular in the Netherlands after it was picked as one of the theme songs on the Dutch soap television series Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden. The song was played during an episode broadcast in 2012 where the character Bing Mauricius is in a coma. The song became hugely popular with the Dutch public resulting in Simons' first charting hit reaching No. 10 on the Dutch Single Top 100 chart and the top 10 of the Dutch Top 40 chart. The album Pieces picked up steam appearing on the Dutch Albums Top 100 chart.\n\nPieces follows Simons' independent EP released in 2010 titled Living Proof.\n\nTrack listing\n\"Emotionally Involved\" (3:11)\n\"Gone\" (3:42)\n\"Let Me Go On\" (3:19)\n\"With You\" (3:38)\n\"Pieces\" (3:28)\n\"Miss You More\" (4:36)\n\"Best Years\" (3:20)\n\"I Will Follow You into the Dark\" (3:55)\n\"Fall in Line\" (Live in studio) (3:23)\n\"Pieces\" (Acoustic) (3:47)\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2012 albums" ]

[ "Garth Brooks", "1993-1994: In Pieces and first world tour", "What is a hit single from In pieces?", "The Red Strokes" ]

[ "The Star Awards for Best Theme Song is an award presented annually at the Star Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1994.\n\nThe category was introduced in 1997, at the 4th Star Awards ceremony; Sebastian Tan received the award for his theme song, 《和平的代价》 in The Price of Peace and it is given in honour of a theme song in a Mediacorp drama serial which has delivered an outstanding overall performance. The nominees are determined by a team of judges employed by Mediacorp. Prior to 2014, winners are selected by a majority vote from the entire judging panel. This rule was amended from 2014 onwards such that winners are selected by a majority vote from both the entire judging panel and the public via online voting.\n\nSince its inception, the award has been given to 14 performers or performer groups. Kelvin Tan was the most recent winners in this category for their theme song, 《守护你的善良》 in You Can Be An Angel 3. Since the ceremony held in 2016, The Dream Makers is the only drama theme song to win in this category twice. In addition, Perfect Cut , The Unbeatables & Blessings are the dramas theme song that have been nominated on two occasions, more than any other drama theme songs. They also hold the record for the most nominations without a win.\n\nRecipients\n\n Each year is linked to the article about the Star Awards held that year.\n\nMultiple wins and nominations\n\nThe following Dramas Theme Songs received two or more Best Drama Theme Songs awards: \n\nThe following Dramas Theme Songs received two or more Best Drama Theme Songs nominations:\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\nStar Awards", "\"Wasn't It Good\" is a song by Tina Arena from her 1994 album Don't Ask. Arena co-wrote the song along with Heather Field and Robert Parde, and it was produced by David Tyson. The song peaked at number 11 in Australia and received four nominations at the prestigious ARIA Awards in 1996. Upon release as a single, the title was rendered with an ellipsis (\"Wasn't It Good...\").\n\nArena has performed the song on most tours, including her 2004 Greatest Hits tour and 2012 Australian tour. It is track four on her 2004 Greatest Hits compilation.\n\nMusical and lyrical content\n\"Wasn't It Good\" was composed in the key of G, while the lyrics lament a past friendship that did not turn into a romantic relationship.\n\nTrack listing\nA five-track single was released through Columbia Records; it contained both the single edit and original album version of \"Wasn't It Good\", as well as live versions of three other tracks from Don't Ask.\n\n \"Wasn't It Good\" (single version)\n \"Greatest Gift\" (live)\n \"Love Is the Answer\" (live)\n \"Message\" (live)\n \"Wasn't It Good\" (album version)\n\nChart\n\"Wasn't It Good\" was released on 18 September and debuted at #42 on the ARIA singles chart, eventually peaking at #11 on 19 November 1995.\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nCertification\n\nAward nominations\n\nARIA Awards\nThe ARIA Awards are presented annually from 1987 by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). \"Wasn't It Good\" was nominated in four categories, including Single of the Year. It did not win any awards.\n\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\"| 1996 || \"Wasn't It Good\" || Best Female Artist || \n|-\n| \"Wasn't It Good\" || Best Pop Release || \n|-\n| \"Wasn't It Good\" || Single of the Year || \n|-\n| \"Wasn't It Good\" || Song of the Year || \n|-\n\nAPRA Awards\nThe Australasian Performing Right Association have presented the APRA Awards annually from 1982; \"Wasn't It Good\" was nominated in 1996 and won the Song of the Year.\n\n|-\n| 1996 || \"Wasn't It Good\" || Song of the Year || \n|-\n\nReferences\n\n1995 singles\nAPRA Award winners\nTina Arena songs\nColumbia Records singles\nSongs written by Tina Arena\n1994 songs\nPop ballads" ]

[ "Garth Brooks", "1993-1994: In Pieces and first world tour", "What is a hit single from In pieces?", "The Red Strokes", "Did this song win any awards?", "became Brooks' first single to make the UK Singles Chart," ]

[ "Lü Chenwei (, also spelled Lyu, born 16 January 1991) is a Chinese former professional snooker player who currently competes in tournaments on the main tour as an amateur.\n\nCareer\nLü appeared in the 2010 China Open as a wildcard aged 19, but lost 5–2 to Robert Milkins. When the Asian Players Tour Championship events were introduced in 2012, it gave Lü an opportunity to qualify for the professional snooker tour. It was in 2013/2014 events where Lü started to make an impact and he reached semi-finals of the 2013 Zhangjiagang Open, where he lost out to eventual winner Ju Reti 4–2. This result was the main factor in Lü gaining a tour year place on the professional World Snooker Tour for the 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons.\n\nDebut season\nLü won a match as a professional at the first attempt by beating Dominic Dale 5–2 to qualify for the 2014 Wuxi Classic, where he lost 5–2 to Jack Lisowski. He could not win another match in a qualifying event during the rest of the season. He played in his first UK Championship as all tour players start at the venue stage of this event, but was defeated 6–1 by Ryan Day in the first round. Lü was the world number 113 after his first season on tour.\n\n2015/2016 season\nLü won one match all season which came at a minor-ranking European Tour event. He did come very close to beating two-time world champion Mark Williams in the opening round of the Welsh Open by levelling at 3–3 from 3–1 down, but could not take advantage of numerous chances that came his way in the decider. He played in Q School to earn a place back on tour and lost twice in the fourth round. Whilst this was not enough it did give him entry to some events as a top-up player due to his Q School Order of Merit ranking.\n\n2016/2017 season\nHe qualified for the Paul Hunter Classic and was whitewashed 4–0 by Thepchaiya Un-Nooh in the opening round. Lü entered Q School but did not get beyond the third round of either event.\n\nPerformance and rankings timeline\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n Lyu Chenwei at ProSnooker Blog.com\n\n1991 births\nPlace of birth unknown\nLiving people\nChinese snooker players", "Wilco Nienaber (born 7 April 2000) is a South African professional golfer. He won the 2021 Dimension Data Pro-Am. He plays on the European Tour and is known for his long distance off the tee.\n\nAmateur career\nNienaber won several amateur events in Africa and represented South Africa at the 2018 Eisenhower Trophy in Ireland, where he finished 3 under par individually. He made his European Tour debut as an amateur in December 2018 at the South African Open at Randpark Golf Club, north of Johannesburg, where he opened with two rounds of 69 to make the cut.\n\nHis best ranking on the World Amateur Golf Ranking was 28th.\n\nProfessional career\nNienaber turned professional in the middle of 2019. His European Tour debut as a professional was made in late November 2019 at the Alfred Dunhill Championship at Leopard Creek CC, Malelane, South Africa, where he finished tied 24th, earning €14,000. \n\nIn February 2020, also in his homeland of South Africa, he came close to his first professional win, finishing runner-up in the Limpopo Championship on the Challenge Tour. \n\nIn August 2020, Nienaber recorded his first top-10 on the European Tour; finishing 4th in the Hero Open at Forest of Arden CC, England.\n\nIn September 2020, 14 months after turning professional, Nienaber advanced to 270th on the Official World Golf Ranking. In the second round of the Joburg Open in November 2020 at Randpark Golf Club in Johannesburg, South Africa, Nienaber hit his drive on the 597-yard, par-5 4th hole a European Tour season record 439 yards. It was also 16 yards longer than the PGA Tour season record at the time. He eventually finished in second place; two shots behind Joachim B. Hansen, and reached a career best 209th on the Official World Golf Ranking.\n\nIn May 2021, Nienaber claimed his first professional victory at the Dimension Data Pro-Am. He beat Henric Sturehed in a playoff and advanced to 135th on the Official World Golf Ranking.\n\nAmateur wins\n2017 Northern Cape Amateur Open, Central Gauteng Open Stroke Play\n2018 Free State Open, Western Province Amateur Strokeplay\n2019 Gauteng North Open, South African Amateur Championship\n\nSource:\n\nProfessional wins (1)\n\nSunshine Tour wins (1)\n\n1Co-sanctioned by the Challenge Tour\n\nSunshine Tour playoff record (1–0)\n\nChallenge Tour wins (1)\n\n1Co-sanctioned by the Sunshine Tour\n\nChallenge Tour playoff record (1–0)\n\nResults in major championships\n\n\"T\" = tied\n\nResults in World Golf Championships\n\n1Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic\n\nNT = No tournament\n\nTeam appearances\nAmateur\nEisenhower Trophy (representing South Africa): 2018\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nSouth African male golfers\nSunshine Tour golfers\nEuropean Tour golfers\nSportspeople from Bloemfontein\n2000 births\nLiving people" ]

[ "Garth Brooks", "1993-1994: In Pieces and first world tour", "What is a hit single from In pieces?", "The Red Strokes", "Did this song win any awards?", "became Brooks' first single to make the UK Singles Chart,", "Where did he debut on his first world tour?", "reaching the UK after many domestic concerts." ]

[ "The After Hours til Dawn Stadium Tour, previously titled The After Hours Tour, is the upcoming seventh concert tour and first all-stadium tour by Canadian singer-songwriter the Weeknd, in support of his fourth studio album After Hours (2020) and his fifth studio album Dawn FM (2022). Promoted by Live Nation Entertainment, the tour was originally set to begin on June 11, 2020, in Vancouver and to conclude on November 16 in London. However, due to concerns from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and arena constraints, all of the original planned dates were postponed and now is set to begin in the summer of 2022.\n\nBackground\n\nOn February 20, 2020, the Weeknd announced through social media that he would be touring North America and Europe later that year, sponsored by Verizon. He also announced that Sabrina Claudio would be opening for both legs, Don Toliver would open in North America, and Black Atlass would open in Europe, replacing 88Glam. On March 3, additional dates were added to Vancouver, Miami, Los Angeles and Toronto due to high demand. An additional date was added to London on the following day. On March 12, an additional date was added to the Czech Republic.\n\nDue to COVID-19 concerns, Live Nation announced all arena tours scheduled to take place in 2020 would be postponed. When asked about the status of his tour during a cover story with Variety in April, the Weeknd stated that the tour would not be cancelled and that his team were working on the new itinerary. On May 20, he announced the tour's new dates, with it being scheduled to commence on June 12, 2021, in Vancouver, and to conclude on November 11 in Berlin.\n\nOn February 3, 2021, the Weeknd postponed his tour for a second time, and announced that the tour would begin in January 2022 in Vancouver. He postponed the tour a third time on October 18, and announced that the tour will now begin in the summer of 2022, and will be held entirely in stadiums due to arena constraints. He also revealed the tour's new name as a result of his decision to incorporate elements of Dawn FM. Updated tour dates and opening acts have yet to be announced.\n\nReferences\n\nUpcoming concert tours\nThe Weeknd concert tours\nConcert tours postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic\n2022 concert tours\nConcert tours of North America\nConcert tours of Europe\nConcert tours of Africa\nConcert tours of South America\nConcert tours of Asia\nConcert tours of Australia", "The No Sound Without Silence Tour is the third arena tour by Irish pop rock band The Script. Launched in support of their fourth studio album No Sound Without Silence (2014), the tour began in Tokyo on 16 January 2015 and visited Europe, North America, Asia, Africa and Oceania. The opening acts were American singer Phillip Phillips for the South African dates, and English singer Tinie Tempah for the European dates. Pharrell Williams served as a co-headliner for the Croke Park concert on 20 June 2015.\n\nOpening acts\nColton Avery (Europe, North America, Australia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia)\nMary Lambert (North America)\nPhillip Phillips (South Africa)\nSilent Sanctuary (Philippines)\nTinie Tempah (Europe)\nPharrell Williams (Dublin)\nThe Wailers (Dublin)\nThe Sam Willows (Singapore)\nKensington (Band) (Europe)\n\nSetlist\nThis setlist is based on previous performances of the tour.\n\n \"Paint the Town Green\"\n \"Hail Rain or Sunshine\"\n \"Breakeven\"\n \"Before the Worst\"\n \"Superheroes\"\n \"We Cry\"\n \"If You Could See Me Now\"\n \"Man on a Wire\"\n \"Nothing\"\n \"Good Ol' Days\"\n \"Never Seen Anything (Quite Like You)\"\n \"The Man Who Can't Be Moved\"\n \"You Won't Feel A Thing\"\n \"It's Not Right For You\"\n \"Six Degrees of Separation\"\n \"The Energy Never Dies\"\n \"For the First Time\"\n \"No Good in Goodbye\"\n \"Hall of Fame\"\n\nAdditional information\nDuring the performance in Sheffield, The Script didn't perform \"We Cry\" due to a fan collapsing. Danny called for Paramedic to check on her, she was fine and they carried on.\n\nDuring the performance in Barcelona, The Script didn't perform \"The End Where I Begin\" or \"Nothing\". They also did not perform \"Six Degrees Of Separation\" and \"It's Not Right For You\".\n\nDuring the performance in Oakland, The Script didn't perform \"The End Where I Begin\", \"We Cry\", or \"Six Degrees of Separation\".\n\nDuring the performance in Toronto, The Script did not perform \"The End Where I Begin\" and \"Six Degrees of Separation\".\n\nDuring the performance im Hamburg, The Script did not perform \"Nothing\" and \"Never Seen Anything (Quite Like You)\".\n\nTour dates\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\n2015 concert tours\nThe Script concert tours" ]

[ "Garth Brooks", "1993-1994: In Pieces and first world tour", "What is a hit single from In pieces?", "The Red Strokes", "Did this song win any awards?", "became Brooks' first single to make the UK Singles Chart,", "Where did he debut on his first world tour?", "reaching the UK after many domestic concerts.", "When did his tour begin?", "1993," ]

[ "The 1972 Tour de France started with the following 12 teams, each with 11 cyclists:\n\nIn the previous year, Ocana was on his way to beat Merckx, when he fell as leader and had to give up. Everybody expected Merckx and Ocana to battle for the victory in 1972. Ocana felt that he could have won the 1971 Tour, and Merckx did not like the comments that he did not deserve the 1971 victory, and both wanted to show their strengths.\nMerckx had won important races before the Tour started, including the 1972 Giro d'Italia, and was also the reigning world champion. Ocana had won less races, but won the Criterium du Dauphiné Libéré.\n\nThe most important other participants were considered Raymond Poulidor, Felice Gimondi, Joop Zoetemelk and Bernard Thévenet.\n\nJosé Manuel Fuente, who had won the 1972 Vuelta a España and finished second in the 1972 Giro d'Italia, did not compete, as his team decided they had already been in too many hard races.\n\nHerman Van Springel had announced four days prior to the Tour that he would leave his team after his contract would end at the end of 1972. His team then removed him from the Tour squad.\n\nStart list\n\nBy team\n\nBy rider\n\nBy nationality\n\nReferences\n\n1972 Tour de France\n1972", "Bengt Johan Axgren (born 5 March 1975) is a Swedish professional golfer.\n\nAxgren was born in Gothenburg. He turned professional in 1995.\n\nAxgren has won four times on the Challenge Tour, the first in 1996, and then once in 2004 and twice more in 2006, when he finished second on the end of season money list, to graduate to the European Tour for the 2007 season. He did not win sufficient money during that season to retain his tour card, and returned to the Challenge Tour the following season.\n\nProfessional wins (6)\n\nChallenge Tour wins (4)\n\n1Co-sanctioned by the Swedish Golf Tour\n2Co-sanctioned by the Tour de las Américas\n\nChallenge Tour playoff record (1–1)\n\nTelia Tour wins (1)\n2003 Telia Tourkval Kävlinge\n\nOther wins (1)\n2001 Lear Open Silfverschiöldspokalen (Swedish mini-tour)\n\nSee also\n2006 Challenge Tour graduates\nList of golfers with most Challenge Tour wins\n\nExternal links\n\nSwedish male golfers\nEuropean Tour golfers\nSportspeople from Gothenburg\n1975 births\nLiving people" ]

[ "Frank Kush", "Dismissal from Arizona State" ]

[ "Nikolay Yevgenievich Solovtsov (; born 1 January 1949) is a retired Russian Strategic Missile Forces colonel general.\n\nHe joined the Soviet Armed Forces in 1966. He graduated from the Rostov Higher Military Command Engineering School named after the Chief Marshal of Artillery M. I. Nedelin (1966–1971), the Dzerzhinsky Military Academy (of the SRF)(1974–1977); The academic courses of the same academy (1984), and the Military Academy of the General Staff (1991, external). He was promoted to colonel general in 1995.\n\nHe commanded the 35th Rocket Division (1984–89), the 53rd Rocket Army, and later became Commander, Strategic Rocket Forces (April 27, 2001 - July–August 2009). He was the first officer to occupy the post as Commander, rather than as Commander-in-Chief, of the SRF. In early 2009 Solovtsov said that 96% of all Russian ICBMs were ready to be launched within a minute's notice.\n\nSolovtsov was dismissed in July–August 2009. Speculation over why Solovtsov was dismissed included opposition to further cuts in deployed nuclear ballistic missile warheads below the April 2009 figure of 1,500, the fact that he had reached the retirement age of 60, despite that he had recently been extended another year's service, or the failure of the Russian Navy's Bulava missile.\n\nReferences\n\n1949 births\nSoviet major generals\nRussian colonel generals\n\nLiving people\nPeople from East Kazakhstan Region", "Collins v Royal National Theatre Board Ltd [2004] EWCA Civ 144; [2004] IRLR 395 is a case under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. It concerns the duty of an employer to make reasonable accommodations for a disabled employee.\n\nFacts\nMr Collins lost part of his finger in an accident at the Royal National Theatre’s carpentry shop, making his hand clumsy. He had worked there 18 years. He refused surgery and was dismissed.\n\nJudgment\nSedley LJ held that there was a failure on the Theatre's part to make reasonable adjustments.\n\nOn a technical point, he held that reasons why the employer had not made any effort to adjust the workplace for the employee could not be brought up in argument if they had already been dismissed when looking at whether there was a duty to make reasonable adjustments in the first place.\n\nSee also\nUK employment discrimination law\nUK labour law\nHuman Rights Act 1998\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\nRoyal National Theatre's website\n\nUnited Kingdom labour case law\nUnited Kingdom equality case law\nUnited Kingdom disability case law\nCourt of Appeal (England and Wales) cases\n2004 in case law\n2004 in British law\nRoyal National Theatre" ]

[ "Frank Kush", "Dismissal from Arizona State", "Why was he dismissed", "Sun Devil punter Kevin Rutledge filed a $1.1 million lawsuit against the school, accusing Kush and his staff of mental and physical harassment that forced him to transfer." ]

[ "is a case in English trusts law and English property law. It established that if a donor has done everything that can be expected of him to transfer legal title, but the transfer is delayed by the routine operation of the law then the gift is still effective. This is sometimes called the \"Re Rose principle\", or the \"every effort rule\".\n\nFacts\nMr Eric Rose wished to transfer shares in the Leweston Estates Co to Mrs Rose, in consideration of her love and affection. He filled in the share transfer forms on 30 March 1943, and handed them to the Mrs Rosamond Rose, who gave them to the company. The company directors could refuse to register share transfers. But the company registered the claimants as shareholders in Mr Rose’s place on 30 June 1943. Mr Rose died on 16 February 1947. The Inland Revenue wished to charge a tax, estate duty, on the transfer. It claimed the gift was not effected before 10 April 1943, so the tax was due. This was the relevant date under the Customs and Inland Revenue Act 1881 section 38(2)(a), the Customs and Inland Revenue Act 1889 section 11(1) and the Finance Act 1894 section 2(1)(c). If, however, the transfer took place in March, no tax would be due.\n\nJudgment\nThe Court of Appeal held that the transfer took place in March, meaning the taxes were not due. Although legal title passed to the claimants only when the shares were finally registered by the company, the beneficial title passed as soon as Mr Rose completed the share transfer forms. Once he did this he was not at liberty to merely cancel the transfer, and so when he handed away the forms, the shares were held on constructive trust.\n\nLord Evershed MR distinguished Milroy v Lord on the basis that there, Thomas Medley could have himself done more to ensure that the transfer was completed, because he did not merely need to leave Samuel Lord with an (unexercised) power of attorney to register the share transfer. Here the donor (Mr Rose) had done everything in his power that he had needed to do to make the transfer effective.\n\nJenkins LJ and Morris LJ both concurred, with the former delivering a concurring judgment.\n\nSee also\n\nEnglish trusts law\nPennington v Waine [2002] EWCA Civ 227\nT Choithram International SA v Pagarani [2000] UKPC 46\n\nNotes\n\nEnglish property case law\nEnglish trusts case law\nCourt of Appeal (England and Wales) cases\n1952 in British law\n1952 in case law", "Giannis Charontakis (; born 7 August 1995) is a Greek professional footballer who plays for Ajaccio.\n\nCareer\nCharontakis started his professional career in Ajax Tavros during 2010–11 football season. The following season, he moved on a free transfer to Ethnikos Asteras in Football League where he played in 10 matches. He later moved on to Kallithea again on a free transfer where he played just one time. In summer transfer window of 2014, Charontakis signed a contract with Superleague Greece side Panionios but he failed to make an appearance for the club. During winter transfer windows of 2015, he moved on a free transfer to Alimos where he played 3 times. In July 2015, he moved to Trikala on a free transfer and made 14 appearances for the club.\n\nOn 25 June 2016, Charontakis signed a two-year-contract with Greek Superleague side Veria. \n\nOn 13 February 2017 he signed with Serbian club Vojvodina. However, just 10 days later, he terminated his contract and left the club.\n\nOn 10 January 2018 he signed with Ligue 2 club AC Ajaccio.\n\nReferences\n\n1995 births\nLiving people\nSportspeople from Athens\nGreek footballers\nAssociation football midfielders\nSuper League Greece players\nVeria F.C. players\nFK Vojvodina players\nExpatriate footballers in Serbia\nTrikala F.C. players" ]

[ "Frank Kush", "Dismissal from Arizona State", "Why was he dismissed", "Sun Devil punter Kevin Rutledge filed a $1.1 million lawsuit against the school, accusing Kush and his staff of mental and physical harassment that forced him to transfer.", "Where did he transfer to", "I don't know." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Frank Kush", "Dismissal from Arizona State", "Why was he dismissed", "Sun Devil punter Kevin Rutledge filed a $1.1 million lawsuit against the school, accusing Kush and his staff of mental and physical harassment that forced him to transfer.", "Where did he transfer to", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "After nearly two years, Kush would be found not liable in the case," ]

[ "What Happened to Jones may refer to:\n What Happened to Jones (1897 play), a play by George Broadhurst\n What Happened to Jones (1915 film), a lost silent film\n What Happened to Jones (1920 film), a lost silent film\n What Happened to Jones (1926 film), a silent film comedy", "What Happened may refer to:\n\n What Happened (Clinton book), 2017 book by Hillary Clinton\n What Happened (McClellan book), 2008 autobiography by Scott McClellan\n \"What Happened\", a song by Sublime from the album 40oz. to Freedom\n \"What Happened\", an episode of One Day at a Time (2017 TV series)\n\nSee also\nWhat's Happening (disambiguation)" ]

[ "Frank Kush", "Dismissal from Arizona State", "Why was he dismissed", "Sun Devil punter Kevin Rutledge filed a $1.1 million lawsuit against the school, accusing Kush and his staff of mental and physical harassment that forced him to transfer.", "Where did he transfer to", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "After nearly two years, Kush would be found not liable in the case,", "Then what happened", "remained absent from the sideline throughout 1980, the first time in more than 30 years that he had been away from the game." ]

[ "Involuntary dismissal is the termination of a court case despite the plaintiff's objection.\n\nIn United States federal courts, involuntary dismissal is governed by Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) Rule 41(b).\n\nInvoluntary dismissal is made by a defendant through a motion for dismissal, on grounds that plaintiff is not prosecuting the case, is not complying with a court order, or to comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.\n\nInvoluntary dismissal can also be made by order of the judge when no defendant has made a motion to dismiss. Involuntary dismissal is a punishment that courts may use when a party to a case is not acting properly. Other punishments are found in FRCP Rule 11, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Rule 38, sections 1927 and 1912 of Title 28 United States Code, and inherent powers of the court.\n\nInvoluntary dismissal bars the case from being brought to court again, unless the judge says otherwise.\n\nState court rules may be different from the Federal rules and vary from state to state.\n\nFull Text of FRCP 41(b):\n\n(b) Involuntary Dismissal: Effect Thereof. For failure of the plaintiff to prosecute or to comply with these rules or any order of court, a defendant may move for dismissal of an action or of any claim against the defendant. Unless the court in its order for dismissal otherwise specifies, a dismissal under this subdivision and any dismissal not provided for in the rules, other than a dismissal for lack of jurisdiction, for improper venue, or for failure to join a party under Rule 19, operates as an adjudication on the merits.\n\nSee also\n Voluntary dismissal\n\nCivil procedure", "\"Worst That Could Happen\" is a song with lyrics and music written by singer-songwriter Jimmy Webb. Originally recorded by the 5th Dimension on their 1967 album of nearly all-Jimmy Webb songs, The Magic Garden, \"Worst That Could Happen\" was later recorded by The Brooklyn Bridge and reached the Billboard Hot 100's top 40, at #38 on January 4, 1969, peaking at #3 on February 1-8, 1969.\n\nThe song tells about a man wishing well to a woman with whom he is still in love, but because the man was unwilling to settle down, she left him and is about to marry someone else who is more stable; the singer accepts the marriage but still feels that it is \"the worst (thing) that could happen to (him)\". It has been stated that, along with \"MacArthur Park\" and \"By the Time I Get to Phoenix\", \"Worst That Could Happen\" is about a relationship that Webb had had with a woman named Susan.\n\nThe song is noted for the quoting of Mendelssohn's \"Wedding March\" from the incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream, which is heard at the end.\n\nAccording to BMI (Broadcast Music Inc.) the legal title of the song is \"Worst That Could Happen.\"\n\nThe Brooklyn Bridge version appeared on the list of songs deemed inappropriate by Clear Channel following the September 11, 2001, attacks.\n\nChart history\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nOther cover versions\n B.J. Thomas on his 1969 LP, Young And In Love.\n The Lettermen in 1969 on their I Have Dreamed album.\n Hajji Alejandro recorded a Tagalog version titled “Panakip-Butas” in 1977 in his Hajji album. It was released as a single and was a big hit in the Philippines.\n Jimmy Webb on his 1996 album Ten Easy Pieces.\n\nSee also\n List of 1960s one-hit wonders in the United States\n\nReferences\n\n1967 songs\n1968 debut singles\nThe 5th Dimension songs\nJohnny Maestro songs\nSongs written by Jimmy Webb\nBuddah Records singles\nSongs about marriage" ]

[ "Frank Kush", "Dismissal from Arizona State", "Why was he dismissed", "Sun Devil punter Kevin Rutledge filed a $1.1 million lawsuit against the school, accusing Kush and his staff of mental and physical harassment that forced him to transfer.", "Where did he transfer to", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "After nearly two years, Kush would be found not liable in the case,", "Then what happened", "remained absent from the sideline throughout 1980, the first time in more than 30 years that he had been away from the game.", "What else happen with the dismissal", "I don't know." ]

[ "is a Japanese football player who plays for Sportfreunde Lotte.\n\nPlaying career\nIto was born in Tokyo on May 2, 1998. He joined J1 League club Sagan Tosu in 2018.\n\nIto joined J.League club after developing in the youth academies of famous clubs like Bayern Munich, FC Schalke 04, Fortuna Düsseldorf and Grasshopper Club Zürich across his teenage years.\n\nHe was noted for being pursued by three countries who he was eligible to represent at under-age level, Australia, Japan and Germany.\n\nIn 2018, he joined J.League side Sagan Tosu on a two-year contract. In June 2019, he decided to leave the club in favour of returning to Europe. “This decision was not easy, but I would like to try the overseas challenge one more time. I want to apply what I have learned at Tosu and do my very best from here on,” he said.\n\nHe was signed by German club SSV Jeddeloh, where he scored two goals in his first six games, playing a key role as the club avoided relegation from the Regionalliga.\n\nCareer statistics\n\nLast update: 27 February 2019\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1998 births\nLiving people\nAssociation football people from Tokyo\nJapanese footballers\nRegionalliga players\nSagan Tosu players\nSSV Jeddeloh players\nAssociation football midfielders", "\"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" is a song written and recorded by American country singer-songwriter Bill Anderson. It was released as a single in December 1958 via Decca Records and became a major hit. A similar version was released by American country artist Ray Price the same year via Columbia Records.\n\nBill Anderson version\n\"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" was recorded at the Bradley Studio, located in Nashville, Tennessee. The sessions were produced by Owen Bradley, who would serve as Anderson's producer through most of years with Decca Records.\n\n\"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" was released as a single by Decca Records in December 1958. It spent a total of 17 weeks on the Billboard Hot Country and Western Sides chart before reaching number 12 in February 1959. It became Anderson's first major hit as a music artist and his first charting record. It was not first released on a proper album. However, seven years later, it appeared on his compilation From This Pen.\n\nTrack listings\n7\" vinyl single<ref>{{cite web |title=Bill Anderson -- That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" (1958, Vinyl) |url=https://www.discogs.com/Bill-Anderson-Thats-What-Its-Like-To-Be-Lonesome-The-Thrill-Of-My-Life/release/14241289 |website=Discogs |accessdate=21 July 2020}}</ref>\n \"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" – 2:30\n \"The Thrill of My Life\" – 2:25\n\nChart performance\n\nRay Price version\n\n\"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" was recorded at the Columbia Studio, located in Nashville, Tennessee. The sessions were produced by Don Law.\n\n\"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" was released as a single by Columbia Records in December 1958. It spent a total of 19 weeks on the Billboard'' Hot Country and Western Sides chart before reaching number 7 in February 1959. It was one of many top ten hits for Price on the Columbia label and was followed by several number one hits as well. It was not first released on a proper album.\n\nTrack listings\n7\" vinyl single\n \"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" – 2:44\n \"Kissing Your Picture Is So Cold\" – 2:39\n\nChart performance\n\nReferences\n\n1958 singles\n1958 songs\nBill Anderson (singer) songs\nDecca Records singles\nColumbia Records singles\nSong recordings produced by Owen Bradley\nSongs written by Bill Anderson (singer)\nRay Price (musician) songs" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Personal life" ]

[ "Gustav Ernest Viktor Lundgren (born 18 September 1980 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish jazz guitarist.\n\nBiography \nLundgren started playing the guitar at the age of thirteen and went to Södra Latin's music program during high school. He then studied music at Bollnäs folk high school and Fridhems folk high school in Svalöv. \n\nAfter finishing his studies, he joined the Hot Club de Suede and started a jazz club at Hannas Krog at Södermalm in Stockholm. \n\nHe participates in several music projects, including his own Gustav Lundgren Quartet, and plays a particular Spanish-inspired jazz.\n\nHe runs his own record company, Lundgren Music.\n\nHonors \n 2004: Honored with his own signature guitar model from AJL-Guitars\n 2005: Recipient of the Louis Armstrong Scholarship\n 2009: Honored with a grant from The Swedish Arts Grants Committee\n\nDiscography\n\nSolo albums \n 2004: First Impression (Lundgren Music), with Gustav Lundgren Quartet/Quintet\n 2007: Second Opinion (Lundgren Music), with Gustav Lundgren Quartet\n 2010: 8 Venues (Lundgren Music), with Gustav Lundgren Quartet\n 2012: Plays Django Reinhardt (Lundgren Music)\n 2014: French Connection (Lundgren Music)\n 2015: Bertheleville (Lundgren Music), with Gustav Lundgren Trio\n 2017: At The Movies (Lundgren Music), with Gustav Lundgren & Unit\n\nCollaborations \n 2002: 29m² (SJR), with Mozaique\n 2003: Avec (SJR), with Hot Club de Suede\n 2005: Django Project vol. 1 (Lundgren Music), with Anders Larsson\n 2008: Django Project vol. 2 (Lundgren Music), with Anders Larsson\n 2011: Take Two (Lundgren Music), with Stockholm Swing All Stars\n 2012: Janeiro (Lundgren Music), with Daniel Santiago\n 2012: Barcelona / Estocolmo (Lundgren Music), with Fredrik Carlquist\n 2013: Plays Richard Rodgers (Lundgren Music), with Trio Legacy\n 2013: Bossa Nova vol. 1 (Lundgren Music), with Fredrik Carlquist \n 2014: Passageiros (Lundgren Music), with Lili Araujo\n 2014: Cruce de Caminos (Lundgren Music), with Celia Mur\n 2015 : Mar (Lundgren Music), with Luiz Murá\n 2017: Jazz Vol. 1 (Lundgren Music), with Jorge Rossy and Doug Weiss\n 2017: Acoustic Connection LIVE (Lundgren Music), with Antoine Boyer\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Lundgren Music website\n\nSwedish jazz guitarists\nMale jazz musicians\n1980 births\nLiving people\n21st-century guitarists", "Shannon Lundgren is an American politician who sits in the Iowa House of Representatives.\n\nEarly life \nOn April 4, 1972, Lundgren was born in Dubuque, Iowa.\n\nEducation \nLundgren attended Midwest Travel & Hospitality Institute and became a certified travel agent.\n\nCareer \nLundgren's career started in the travel industry. From 1996 to 2001, Lundgren was a sales manager of Eagle Ridge Inn and Resort.\nSince 2006, Lundgren is the co-owner of Trackside Bar & Grill.\n\nLundgren is a member of the Iowa Republican Party.\nIn 2018, Lundgren's political career began when she won the election to become a Representative in the Iowa State House of Representative. Lundgren represents district 57.\n\nPersonal life \nLundgren's husband is Charlie. They have two children. Lundgrens and her family resides in Peosta, Iowa.\n\nReferences\n\n1972 births\nLiving people\nMembers of the Iowa House of Representatives\nIowa Republicans\nWomen in Iowa politics\n21st-century American politicians\n21st-century American women politicians" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Personal life", "What state did Lundgren live?", "Lundgren resides in Los Angeles, California." ]

[ "Do You Like My Tight Sweater? is the first album by the electronic/dance duo Moloko, released in October 1995 in the UK and Australia, while being released in March 1997 in the US. The title of the album is derived from the singer Róisín Murphy's chat-up line to Mark Brydon at a party in 1994: \"Do you like my tight sweater? See how it fits my body!\" Brydon responded with the question, \"Would you like to come up to my studio and record that?\" A romantic and professional relationship between the two continued for several years after.\n\nDo You Like My Tight Sweater? combined three tracks (\"Where Is the What If the What Is in Why?\", \"Party Weirdo\", and \"Ho Humm\") from a 1995 independently released EP Where Is the What If the What Is in Why? (also known as Moloko EP) with fourteen new recordings. It was reported by Billboard in 1996 that total sales had reached 100,000 copies. As of 2003 it has sold over 250,000 copies worldwide.\n\nThe album's first single, \"Fun for Me\", was used on the soundtrack of the 1997 film Batman and Robin, and was used as the theme for a Lucky Strike advertisement in Spain. The video, \"Fun for Me\" was inspired by Batman & Robin and directed by Bill Fishman.\n\nThe album was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry in July 2013, for UK sales exceeding 60,000 copies.\n\nSingles\n \"Where Is the What if the What Is in Why?\" (#189 AUS)\n \"Fun for Me\"\n \"Dominoid\" (#65 UK, #148 AUS)\n \"Fun for Me\" (re-issue) (#36 UK, #4 US Hot Dance Club Play)\n \"Day for Night\" (UK)\n \"Lotus Eaters\" (Funk in Your Neighborhood Mix) (US only, did not chart)\n \"Day for Night\" (Blakdoktor Afterglow Mix) (#37 US Hot Dance Club Play)\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel\nRóisín Murphy – vocals\nMark Brydon – bass guitar, keyboards, guitars, programming, production\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nMoloko albums\n1995 debut albums\nWarner Records albums", "Young Rollin Stonerz is the collaborative studio album by American rappers Prodigy and Boogz Boogetz. The album was released on November 24, 2014, by Infamous Records.\n\nBackground\nIn a November 2014, interview with Nah Right, Prodigy spoke about the album, saying: \"I did a deal with Boogz so he could promote his label and we decided to name the album to help push his brand. It’s just fun. When you listen to it it’s just fun music. It’s hardcore hip-hop but at the same time the energy that Boogz brings to it just enables me to create a lighter side of my writing aside from doing real dark hip-hop. [I’m] still sticking to my guns and being myself. I’m going to always be myself but it’s just like making songs with Boogz–his personality alone, outside of the music, he’s just a fun person. He likes to joke around a lot, do pranks on motherfuckers so it comes out when he writes. You can tell, his music is just fun. He make that smoker music. Boogz comes from that skater world. He reminds me of my son. My son’s a skater, my son has the same sort of fun personality. That new foundation is just like they ain’t really about beefin’ and drama in hip-hop. They’re just about having fun and making money and doing what they do.\"\n\nCritical reception\n\nHomer Johnsen of HipHopDX gave the album three and a half stars out of five, saying \"For Prodigy, Young Rollin Stonerz is more of an Indie effort, in that there are no famous guests or producers. The production also stands out for its indifference to the Boom Bap sound that molded him into what he is today. As for Boogz, it works amazingly well. And, as far as his career of projects go, this is a watershed moment for the young rapper. But at eleven songs, the better moments of the album aren’t duplicated enough for either artist. The two work well together, though, and it would in both of their interests to keep working together in to the future.\"\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences\n\n2014 albums\nProdigy (rapper) albums\nCollaborative albums" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Personal life", "What state did Lundgren live?", "Lundgren resides in Los Angeles, California.", "What does he like to do for fun?", "He is an avid football fan." ]

[ "is a Japan-exclusive video game that was released for the Family Computer in 1986.\n\nSummary\n\nPlayers get to dig up dirt beneath the surface, find keys behind four doors, and then find the door to the next level. The most obvious game to compare it to is Dig Dug, but without the boulders and with various devices like teleporting doors, speed, dynamite, and a wet suit. There are 15 levels in the entire game; which repeat themselves after the 15th level is finished.\n\nLava can spew out at a vertical direction towards the player and kill him; it does not reset itself even after the players loses a life (but it does reset itself after a game over) Passwords are activated by pressing a certain button combination on the password screen. Several passwords results in cheat codes that does certain things; such as deactivating the lava in all levels of the game.\n\nCertain type of blocks are worth different points once they are dug up; ranging from common dirt to destructible blocks. The game features an instant death clause where players die in a single hit. Killed enemies reappear at the same location where they were killed the first time.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nHottāman no Chitei Tanken at MobyGames\n\n1986 video games\nAction video games\nJapan-exclusive video games\nNintendo Entertainment System games\nNintendo Entertainment System-only games\nTop-down video games\nUse Corporation games\nVideo games developed in Japan", "Orange jelly candy are finger-sized sticks of soft jelly candy generally sold in food specialty stores in Hong Kong. A great deal of candy available in Hong Kong is imported from Europe, mainland China, United States and other regions around the world. Orange jelly candy is one of the few that have historically been manufactured locally in Hong Kong.\n\nHistory\nThe 1980s version of the candy came with a thin transparent layer that is basically an edible wrapper. The candy is made at Smith's confectionery factory (史蜜夫糖果廠) at Kwun Tong. The jelly sticks are very soft and sweet. It does not have much of an orange taste despite the name.\n\nRelated products\nIn the early 1990s, the company produced a hard candy named Orange Arm-Cicle (a play on the words icicle and arm because of its pointed shape and use of locomotion, much like a spinning or rotating lollipop). The actual candy, like the jelly candy, does not taste like orange; it does, however, come in a variety of flavors, often changing color during certain Public holidays in Hong Kong.\n\nSee also\n Jelly bean\n List of candies\n White Rabbit Creamy Candy\n\nReferences\n\nChinese confectionery\nGummi candies" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Personal life", "What state did Lundgren live?", "Lundgren resides in Los Angeles, California.", "What does he like to do for fun?", "He is an avid football fan.", "Does he like a certain team?", "Everton FC when he lived in Europe, but developed more of an interest in international football tournaments (such as the UEFA European Championship and the FIFA World Cup)" ]

[ "An Englishman in Auschwitz is a 2001 book written by Leon Greenman, a Holocaust survivor. The book details his experiences in the Auschwitz concentration camp.\n\nThe book is a result of the commitment of English-born Greenman to God \"that if he lived, he would let the world know what happened during the war\". In short, the book describes the reminiscences of his days of imprisonment in six concentration camps of the Nazis. Greenman describes the arrival of his family (consisting of himself, his wife, Esther, a Dutchwoman, and their three-year-old son, Barney) at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in these words: The women were separated from the men: Else and Barny were marched about 20 yards away to a queue of women...I tried to watch Else. I could see her clearly against the blue lights. She could see me too for she threw me a kiss and held up our child for me to see. What was going through her mind I will never know. Perhaps she was pleased that the journey had come to an end.\n\nReferences\n\n2001 non-fiction books\nPersonal accounts of the Holocaust", "Oil and Vinegar is a screenplay that was written but never filmed. It is a screenplay that John Hughes wrote and that Howard Deutch planned to direct. It would have starred Molly Ringwald and Matthew Broderick.\n\nPlot\nA soon-to-be-married man and a hitchhiking girl end up talking about their lives during the length of the car ride.\n\nProduction\n\nCasting\nThe film was set to have Molly Ringwald and Matthew Broderick as the two main characters.\n\nDevelopment\nThe screenplay was written by Hughes, with Howard Deutch set to direct. Its style was said to be similar to The Breakfast Club (1985) but instead of taking place in detention, it would have taken place in a car with Ringwald's and Broderick's characters both discussing their lives to each other.\n\nFuture\nWhen asked about Oil and Vinegar Howard Deutch said,\n\nYes. That was John's favorite script and he was saving it for himself, and I convinced him to let me do it. It was the story of a traveling salesman that Matthew Broderick was going to play, and a rock-and-roll girl, a real rocker. Polar opposites. Molly [Ringwald] was going to play that. And I had to make a personal decision about whether to go forward or not. We had rehearsals in a couple weeks, and I was exhausted, and my girlfriend Lea Thompson, who became my wife, said, \"You're going to die. You can't do this. I'm not going to stick around and watch that.\" And I think it was also sprinkled with the fact that I wanted to do one movie that was my movie, not necessarily in service to John, even though I loved John. So between the two things, I didn't... It could still happen. I would do it. Not with Matthew and Molly anymore, but the script is still there. It doesn't need anything. It's one of his great scripts. He had so many great scripts. For instance, he would stay up all night, music blasting, and at like 5:30 or 6 a.m., he'd hand me what was supposed to be a rewrite on Some Kind of Wonderful. We needed five pages, and it was 50 pages. I said, \"What did you do?! What is this?\" and he said, \"Oh, I didn't do that. I did something else. Tell me what you think?\" And it was Ferris Bueller's Day Off. He wrote the first half of the movie in, like, eight hours, and then finished it a couple days later. That was John. I never knew a writer who could do that. No one else had that ability. Even the stuff I fished out of the garbage was gold.\n\nReferences\n\nUnproduced screenplays\nFilms with screenplays by John Hughes (filmmaker)" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Personal life", "What state did Lundgren live?", "Lundgren resides in Los Angeles, California.", "What does he like to do for fun?", "He is an avid football fan.", "Does he like a certain team?", "Everton FC when he lived in Europe, but developed more of an interest in international football tournaments (such as the UEFA European Championship and the FIFA World Cup)", "What else was going in his personal life?", "During the 1980s, Lundgren had relationships with Jamaican singer Grace Jones and American model Paula Barbieri." ]

[ "The Husband of the Rat's Daughter is a Japanese fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in The Brown Fairy Book. It is Aarne-Thompson type 2031C, a chain tale or cumulative tale. Another story of this type is The Mouse Turned into a Maid.\n\nSynopsis\n\nTwo rats had a remarkably beautiful daughter. In some variants, the father would have been happy to marry her to a rat of finer family, but the mother did not want her daughter to marry a mere rat; in others, they both agreed that she must marry the greatest being in the world. They offered her to the sun, telling him they wanted a son-in-law who was greater than all. The sun told them that he could not take advantage of their ignorance: the cloud, which blotted out his face, was greater. So they asked the cloud instead. The cloud told them that the wind freely blew it about. They asked the wind. The wind told them that the wall could easily stop it. They asked the wall. The wall told them that a rat could reduce it to powder with its teeth. So they married her to a rat.\n\nSee also\n\nThe Stonecutter\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe Husband of the Rat's Daughter\n\"The Mouse Who Was to Marry the Sun: fables of Aarne-Thompson type 2031C -- variants\n\nJapanese fairy tales\nFictional mice and rats\nAnimal tales\nWorks about marriage", "The Carta de Logu was a legal code of the Judicate of Arborea, written in the Sardinian language and promulgated by the (\"Lady Judge\") Eleanor of Arborea in 1392. It was in force in Sardinia until it was superseded by the Savoyard code of Charles Felix in April 1827.\n\nThe Carta was a work of great importance in Sardinian history. It was an organic, coherent, and systematic work of legislation encompassing the civil and penal law. The history of the drafting of the Carta is unknown, but the Carta itself provides an excellent glimpse into the ethnological and linguistic situation of late medieval Sardinia.\n\nIn the Carta there is the modernizing of certain norms and the juridical wisdom that contains elements of the Roman-canonical tradition, the Byzantine one, the Bolognese jurisprudence and the thought of the glossators of the Catalan court culture, but above all the local juridical elaboration of the Sardinian customs made by Sardinian municipal law.\n\nOne notable provision of the Code is that it gave daughters and sons the same inheritance rights. As well, it also declared that rape could be recompensed through marriage only if the woman who was raped agreed to marry her rapist, and even if she did the Code declared that the rapist still had to either pay a large fine to the Senate or have his foot cut off (his choice). If she did not agree to marry him, he had to give her a dowry that suited her social status, so that she could marry someone else, and he still had to either pay a large fine to the Senate or have his foot cut off (his choice). As well, these punishments were not affected by whether or not the woman in question was betrothed.\n\nThe Code also caused Eleanor of Arborea to be remembered as one of the first lawmakers to set up the condition of reciprocity when dealing with foreigners, as well as the crime of misfeasance.\n\nSources\n\nBibliography\nBirocchi, I. and Mattone A. La carta de logu d'Arborea nella storia del diritto medievale e moderno. Laterza: 2004.\n\nExternal links\nText at Istar, Arborean Historic Center\n\nLegal codes\nHistory of Sardinia" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Personal life", "What state did Lundgren live?", "Lundgren resides in Los Angeles, California.", "What does he like to do for fun?", "He is an avid football fan.", "Does he like a certain team?", "Everton FC when he lived in Europe, but developed more of an interest in international football tournaments (such as the UEFA European Championship and the FIFA World Cup)", "What else was going in his personal life?", "During the 1980s, Lundgren had relationships with Jamaican singer Grace Jones and American model Paula Barbieri.", "Did he marry either of them?", "In 1994, he married Anette Qviberg, a jewellery designer and fashion stylist, in Marbella." ]

[ "Park Hee-jin is a South Korean actress, model, comedian and host, singer. She is known for her roles in Partners for Justice, Sweet Revenge 2 and Melting Me Softly. She also did roles in movies in Marrying the Mafia II and Marrying the Mafia III.\n\nBiography and career\nPark Hee-jin is a South Korean actress born on June 4, 1973 in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. She made her debut as an actress in movie A Promise in 1998. Then she appeared in numerous dramas Partners for Justice, Sweet Revenge 2 and Melting Me Softly. She also appeared in a number of movies Marrying the Mafia II, A Little Pond and Marrying the Mafia III.\n\nFilmography\n\nTelevision\n\nFilm\n\nAlbum\nI need a fairy Part 3\nI need a fairy part 5\n\nAwards and nominations\n 2000 MBC Comedy Awards Rookie Award\n 2003 Traffic Broadcasting MC Division Excellence Award\n 2005 41st Baeksang Arts Awards TV Female Entertainment Awards\n 2005 MBC Broadcasting Entertainment Awards, Comedy Sitcom Award,\n 2005 12th Korea Entertainment Art Awards, Comedy Award\n 2005 The 12th Korea Entertainment Art Awards\n 2005 32nd Korean Broadcasting Awards Comedian Individual Award\n 2005 MBC Broadcasting Entertainment Awards, Comedy/Sitcom Female Grand Prize\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n \n\n1973 births\nLiving people\n21st-century South Korean actresses\nSouth Korean female models\nSouth Korean television actresses\nSouth Korean film actresses", "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Personal life", "What state did Lundgren live?", "Lundgren resides in Los Angeles, California.", "What does he like to do for fun?", "He is an avid football fan.", "Does he like a certain team?", "Everton FC when he lived in Europe, but developed more of an interest in international football tournaments (such as the UEFA European Championship and the FIFA World Cup)", "What else was going in his personal life?", "During the 1980s, Lundgren had relationships with Jamaican singer Grace Jones and American model Paula Barbieri.", "Did he marry either of them?", "In 1994, he married Anette Qviberg, a jewellery designer and fashion stylist, in Marbella.", "What did he do after marrying?", "The couple decided they liked Marbella so much that they rented accommodation there for years, before eventually buying a family home there." ]

[ "The American Homecoming Act or Amerasian Homecoming Act, was an Act of Congress giving preferential immigration status to children in Vietnam born of U.S. fathers. The American Homecoming Act was written in 1987, passed in 1988, and implemented in 1989. The act increased Vietnamese Amerasian immigration to the U.S. because it allowed applicants to establish a mixed race identity by appearance alone. Additionally, the American Homecoming Act allowed the Amerasian children and their immediate relatives to receive refugee benefits. About 23,000 Amerasians and 67,000 of their relatives entered the United States under this act. While the American Homecoming Act was the most successful program in moving Vietnamese Amerasian children to the United States, the act was not the first attempt by the U.S. government. Additionally the act experienced flaws and controversies over the refugees it did and did not include since the act only allowed Vietnamese Amerasian children, as opposed to other South East Asian nations in which the United States also had forces in the war.\n\nBackground\n\nIn April 1975, the U.S.-backed government of South Vietnam fell to North Vietnamese forces. Refugees from Vietnam started to arrive in the United States under U.S. government programs. In 1982, the U.S. Congress passed the Amerasian Immigration Act (PL 97-359). The law prioritized U.S. immigration to children fathered by U.S. citizens including from Korea, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand. However, the law did not provide immigration to mothers or half-siblings, only to Amerasian children. Amerasians would generally have to coordinate with their American fathers in order to obtain a visa. This provided a challenge for many since some fathers did not know they had children or the fathers may not have wanted to claim the children. If the Amerasian children did not have documentation from the American father, then they could be examined for “American” physical features by a group of doctors. Additionally, since the U.S. and Vietnam's governments did not have diplomatic relations, the law could not be applied to Vietnamese Amerasian children. Essentially the Amerasian Immigration Act did little for Amerasian children and even less for Vietnamese Amerasian children.\n\nAs a way to address Vietnamese Amerasian children, the U.S. government permitted another route for Vietnamese-born children of American soldiers to the United States. The children would be classified as immigrants, but would also be eligible to receive refugee benefits. The U.S. and Vietnam governments established the Orderly Departure Program (ODP). The program is housed in the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR). The ODP created a system where South Vietnamese soldiers and others connected to the U.S. war effort could emigrate from Vietnam to the United States. Initially the Amerasian children had to have documentation from their American fathers to be issued a visa, however the program eventually expanded to individuals that did not have firm documentation. The Orderly Departure Program moved around 6,000 Amerasians and 11,000 relatives to the United States.\n\nEnactment\n\nOn August 6, 1987, Rep. Robert J. Mrazek [D-NY-3] introduced the Amerasian Homecoming Bill (H.R. 3171). The bill was co-sponsored by 204 U.S. representatives (154 Democrats, 49 Republicans, and 1 Independent). In 1988, the U.S. Congress passed the Amerasian Homecoming Act (PL 100-200). The law took effect on March 21, 1988, and allowed Vietnamese Amerasians born January 1, 1962, through January 1, 1976, to apply for immigrant visas until March 21, 1990. Additionally the legislation removed immigration quotas and reduced legal barriers for Vietnamese Amerasians’ immigration. As a result of the act around 20,000 Amerasian children left Vietnam. Prior to the Amerasian Homecoming Act, many Amerasian children faced prejudice in Vietnam sometimes referred to as bui doi (“the dust of life” or “trash”). However, after the act many of these children would be called “golden children” since not only could the Amerasian children move to the United States, but so could their families. The act allowed the spouse, child, mother, or the next of kin of the Amerasian child to emigrate. The act was significant, because it allowed applicants to establish a mixed race identity by appearance alone.\n\nImmigration process\n\nThe American Homecoming Act operated through the Orderly Departure Program in the respective U.S. embassies. U.S. Embassy officials would conduct interviews for Amerasians children and their families. The interviews were intended to prove whether or not the child's father was a U.S. military personnel. Under the American Homecoming Act, Vietnamese Amerasian children did not have to have documentation from their American fathers; however if they did, their case would be processed quicker. The approval rating for Amerasian applicants was approximately 95 percent.\n\nThe approved applicants and their families would go through a medical exam. The medical exam was less extensive than other immigration medical exams. If they passed, the U.S. would notify Vietnamese authorities and would process them for departure. The Amerasians would then be sent to the Philippines for a 6-month English language (ESL) and cultural orientation (CO) program. Once the Amerasians arrived in the United States they would be resettled by private voluntary agencies contracted with the U.S. State Department. Some Amerasians gave accounts that some “fake families” approached them as a way to immigrate to the United States. The U.S. Attorney General in conversation with the U.S. Secretary of State submitted program reports to the U.S. Congress every three years.\n\nControversies\n\nWhile the American Homecoming Act was the most successful measure by the United States to encourage Amerasian immigration, the act faced controversies. A primary issue was the act only applied to Amerasian children born in Vietnam. The American Homecoming Act excluded Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. While Amerasian children from outside Vietnam could immigrate to the United States, they could do so only if their fathers claimed them. Most fathers did not recognize their children, especially if they were born to sex workers.\n\nIn 1993, a class action lawsuit was filed in the International Court of Complaints to establish Filipino Amerasian children's rights to assistance. The court ruled against the children, stating they were the products of sexual services provided to U.S. service personnel. Since prostitution is illegal, there could be no legal claim for the Filipino Amerasian children. Amerasian advocacy groups are actively attempting to gain recognition for Amerasian children through legal and legislative measures.\n\nThere were other concerns facing the American Homecoming Act by the Vietnamese immigrants. Some accounts include a Vietnamese woman who attempted to claim American citizenship for her Amerasian son, but the father denied the relationship and responsibility by calling her a prostitute. Since sex workers were largely excluded, many children were unable to participate in the program. In the 1970s, the U.S. cut refugee cash assistance and medical aid to only eight months. Many Amerasian children account for their struggles in public school and very few attended higher education. Amerasian children who stayed in their respective countries found difficulties. Many of the children faced prejudice since their fair skin or very dark skin, blue eyes, or curly black hair would quickly identify them as Amerasian. Additionally the children faced judgment from the new socialist Vietnamese officials and other neighbors since their features positioned them as reminders of the “old enemy.”\n\nReferences\n\nUnited States federal immigration and nationality legislation", "Matthew 11:17 is the seventeenth verse in the eleventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament.\n\nContent\nIn the original Greek according to Westcott-Hort for this verse is:\nκαὶ λέγουσιν, Ηὐλήσαμεν ὑμῖν, καὶ οὐκ ὠρχήσασθε· ἐθρηνήσαμεν ὑμῖν, καὶ οὐκ ἐκόψασθε. \n\nIn the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:\nAnd saying, We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented.\n\nThe New International Version translates the passage as:\n\"'We played the flute for you, and you did not dance; we sang a dirge and you did not mourn.'\n\nAnalysis\nWitham states that Christ here is represented by the children that piped, while St. John by those that mourned, since Christ did not refuse to eat and converse with sinners.\n\nCommentary from the Church Fathers\nSaint Remigius: \" And straightway He answers Himself, saying, It is like unto children sitting in the market-place, crying unto their fellows, and saying, We have played music to you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned, and ye have not lamented.\"\n\nHilary of Poitiers: \" By the children are meant the Prophets, who preached as children in singleness of meaning, and in the midst of the synagogue, that is in the market-place, reprove them, that when they played to those to whom they had devoted the service of their body, they had not obeyed their words, as the movement of the dancers are regulated by the measures of the music. For the Prophets invited them to make confession by song to God, as it is contained in the song of Moses, of Isaiah, or of David.\"\n\nJerome: \" They say therefore, We have flayed music to you, and ye have not danced; i. e. We have called on you to work good works to our songs, and ye would not. We have lamented and called you to repentance, and this ye would not, rejecting both preaching, as well of exhortation to virtue, as of repentance for sin.\"\n\nSaint Remigius: \" What is that He says, To their fellows? Were the unbelieving Jews then fellows of the Prophets? He speaks thus only because they were sprung of one stock.\"\n\nJerome: \" The children are they of whom Isaiah speaks, Behold I, and the children whom the Lord has given me. (Is. 8:18) These children then sit in the market-place, where are many things for sale, and say,\"\n\nChrysostom: \" We have played music to you, and ye have not danced; that is, I have showed you an unrestricted life, and ye are not convinced; We have mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented; that is, John lived a hard life, and ye heeded him not. Yet does not he speak one thing, and I another, but both speak the same thing, because both have one and the same object. For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, He hath a dæmon. The Son of man came &c.\"\n\nSee also\nWeddings and Funerals\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOther translations of Matthew 11:17 at BibleHub\n\n011:17" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Personal life", "What state did Lundgren live?", "Lundgren resides in Los Angeles, California.", "What does he like to do for fun?", "He is an avid football fan.", "Does he like a certain team?", "Everton FC when he lived in Europe, but developed more of an interest in international football tournaments (such as the UEFA European Championship and the FIFA World Cup)", "What else was going in his personal life?", "During the 1980s, Lundgren had relationships with Jamaican singer Grace Jones and American model Paula Barbieri.", "Did he marry either of them?", "In 1994, he married Anette Qviberg, a jewellery designer and fashion stylist, in Marbella.", "What did he do after marrying?", "The couple decided they liked Marbella so much that they rented accommodation there for years, before eventually buying a family home there.", "Did they have children?", "They have two daughters: Ida Sigrid Lundgren and Greta Eveline Lundgren, both born in Stockholm." ]

[ "Anything Can Happen is a 1952 comedy-drama film.\n\nAnything Can Happen may also refer to:\n\n Anything Can Happen (album), by Leon Russell, 1994\n \"Anything Can Happen\", a 2019 song by Saint Jhn \n Edhuvum Nadakkum ('Anything Can Happen'), a season of the Tamil TV series Marmadesam\n \"Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour\", or \"Anything Can Happen\", a 2007 song by Enter Shikari\n Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour (EP), 2004\n\nSee also\n \"Anything Could Happen\", a 2012 song by Ellie Goulding \n Anything Might Happen, 1934 British crime film\n Special Effects: Anything Can Happen, a 1996 American documentary film\n \"Anything Can Happen on Halloween\", a song from the 1986 film The Worst Witch \n Anything Can Happen in the Theatre, a musical revue of works by Maury Yeston\n \"The Anything Can Happen Recurrence\", an episode of The Big Bang Theory (season 7)\n The Anupam Kher Show - Kucch Bhi Ho Sakta Hai ('The Anupam Kher Show — Anything Can Happen') an Indian TV show", "Tunnel vision is a term used when a shooter is focused on a target, and thus misses what goes on around that target. Therefore an innocent bystander may pass in front or behind of the target and be shot accidentally. This is easily understandable if the bystander is not visible in the telescopic sight (see Tunnel vision#Optical instruments), but can also happen without one. In this case, the mental concentration of the shooter is so focused on the target, that they fail to notice anything else.\n\nMarksmanship\nShooting sports" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Personal life", "What state did Lundgren live?", "Lundgren resides in Los Angeles, California.", "What does he like to do for fun?", "He is an avid football fan.", "Does he like a certain team?", "Everton FC when he lived in Europe, but developed more of an interest in international football tournaments (such as the UEFA European Championship and the FIFA World Cup)", "What else was going in his personal life?", "During the 1980s, Lundgren had relationships with Jamaican singer Grace Jones and American model Paula Barbieri.", "Did he marry either of them?", "In 1994, he married Anette Qviberg, a jewellery designer and fashion stylist, in Marbella.", "What did he do after marrying?", "The couple decided they liked Marbella so much that they rented accommodation there for years, before eventually buying a family home there.", "Did they have children?", "They have two daughters: Ida Sigrid Lundgren and Greta Eveline Lundgren, both born in Stockholm.", "Did anything else happen in his life?", "2009, Lundgren's Marbella home was reportedly broken into by three masked burglars who tied up and threatened his wife," ]

[ "Taylor v. United States, 495 U.S. 575 (1990), was a U.S. Supreme Court decision that filled in an important gap in the federal criminal law of sentencing. The federal criminal code does not contain a definition of many crimes, including burglary, the crime at issue in this case. Yet sentencing enhancements applicable to federal crimes allow for the enhancement of a defendant's sentence if he has been convicted of prior felonies. The Court addressed in this case how \"burglary\" should be defined for purposes of such sentencing enhancements when the federal criminal code contained no definition of \"burglary.\" The approach the Court adopted in this case has guided the lower federal courts in interpreting other provisions of the criminal code that also refer to generic crimes not otherwise defined in federal law.\n\nFacts\nTaylor pleaded guilty to being a felon in possession of a firearm in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, in violation of (g). At the time, Taylor had four prior convictions—one for robbery, one for assault, and two were for second-degree burglary under Missouri law. The government sought the sentence enhancement under the Armed Career Criminal Act, codified in (e):\n\n(1) In the case of a person who violates section 922(g)... and has three previous convictions by any court... for a violent felony or a serious drug offense, or both... such person shall be fined not more than $25,000 and imprisoned not less than fifteen years.\n\n(2) As used in this subsection —\n\n(B) the term \"violent felony\" means any crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year that —\n(i) has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another, or\n(ii) is burglary, arson, or extortion, involves use of explosives, or otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another.\n\nTaylor conceded that his prior assault and arson convictions qualified for the § 924(e) sentencing enhancement, but disputed that his two burglary convictions qualified for the enhancement, because they did not present a serious risk of physical injury to another. The district court rejected this argument, and sentenced Taylor to 15 years without parole.\n\nThe United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed the sentence. It ruled that \"burglary\" \"means burglary however a state chooses to define it,\" the district court properly counted both of Taylor's Missouri burglary convictions under the § 924(e) sentence enhancement. The U.S. Supreme Court agreed to review the case so that it could resolve a conflict among the federal courts of appeals about how \"burglary\" should be defined under § 924(e).\n\nOpinion of the Court\nThe Court had to answer how to define \"burglary\" in § 924(e). It had no \"single accepted meaning\" in the laws of the states, and the text of the statute does not suggest a particular meaning. Should it therefore mean whatever the state of the defendant's prior conviction defines \"burglary\" to be? Should it instead have a more uniform definition? And if so, what should the source of that more uniform definition be?\n\nThe Court examined the progress of the bill that became § 924(e) as it wound its way through Congress. Throughout the legislative process, Congress consistently focused on \"career offenders\" — \"those who commit a large number of fairly serious crimes as their means of livelihood and who, because they possess weapons, present at least a potential threat of harm to persons.\" Congress likewise singled out burglary because of the potential for harm that crime entails as compared to simple larceny or automobile crimes. Unlawful entry into a building always presents the danger of a confrontation, and if the intruder is likely to be armed, that confrontation becomes that much more dangerous. In earlier versions of the bill, Congress had specifically defined \"burglary,\" thus suggesting that Congress had intended to take a \"categorical approach\" to defining burglary despite leaving the term undefined in the final version of the bill. Furthermore, the legislative history suggested that Congress intended that categorical approach to encompass a \"generic\" view of burglary, \"roughly corresponding to the definitions of burglary in a majority of the States' criminal codes.\" In this way, Congress could avoid leaving the precise contours to the vagaries of varying definitions and labels crafted by other jurisdictions.\n\nIn light of these concerns, the Court rejected the Eighth Circuit's approach, which relegated the definition to state law. Because of differences in state laws, \"a person imprudent enough to shoplift or steal from an automobile in California would be found, under the Ninth Circuit's view, to have committed a burglary constituting a \"violent felony\" for enhancement purposes — yet a person who did so in Michigan might not.\" Not seeing a clear indication that Congress intended for this to be the case, the Court reasoned that \"odd results of this kind\" should not result from interpreting § 924(e).\n\nThe Court next considered whether it should read the word \"burglary\" in § 924(e) as the common law did. This approach had some appeal; after all, all states' definitions of \"burglary\" included the common-law definition of burglary — breaking and entering of a dwelling at night with the intent to commit a felony once inside. But the difficulty with this approach was that modern definitions have strayed far from the common-law definition. For instance, most states allow entry without \"breaking,\" allow burglary to occur during the daytime, and require no felonious intent once inside. \"The arcane distinctions embedded in the common-law definition have little relevance to modern law enforcement concerns.\" Conversely, few acts that fall under the modern definition of \"burglary\" would also count as burglary under the common law. And although the Court sometimes applied the maxim that undefined statutory terms would carry the common-law definition, it reasoned that that maxim would not apply where the common-law definition was outmoded. For these reasons, the Court rejected the idea of reading § 924(e)'s definition of \"burglary\" as the common-law definition.\n\nBefore the Court, Taylor proposed a definition that defined \"burglary\" to include only \"entering a building of another with the intent to commit a crime that has as an element conduct that presents a serious risk of physical injury to another.\" The Court rejected this idea because it was not supported by the language of the statute. The statute says, \"any crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year that is burglary.\" This suggested that Congress intended to include the entire scope of \"burglary,\" not just some subset, as a predicate offense. \"This choice of language indicates that Congress thought ordinary burglaries, as well as burglaries involving some element making them especially dangerous, presented a sufficiently 'serious potential risk' to count toward enhancement.\"\n\nThis left a \"generic\" meaning of the word \"burglary\" — an unlawful or unprivileged entry into, or remaining in, a building or other structure, with intent to commit a crime. If the defendant's prior conviction involves a crime with these basic elements, regardless of the label, it counts as a predicate offense under § 924(e).\n\nThe final step in the Court's analysis was to settle the question of how to prove whether a particular defendant's conviction qualifies as \"generic burglary.\" If the state statute is narrower, then \"there is no problem, because the conviction necessarily implies that the defendant has been found guilty of all the elements of generic burglary.\" If the state's definition of \"burglary\" matches the definition of \"generic burglary,\" or varies from it only slightly, then that too is sufficient. However, where a state's definition of burglary is broader than the definition of \"generic burglary,\" or where a state does not have a crime called \"burglary,\" the problem of proving whether the conviction is for \"generic burglary\" is more difficult. The statute says \"has three prior convictions,\" not \"has thrice committed acts which.\" This suggests that it is the elements of the conviction rather than the facts supporting it that matters. In appropriate cases, the trial court may look past the statute of conviction to the indictment or information and the jury instructions to determine whether, with respect to any one of the defendant's prior convictions, he was convicted of a crime whose elements match the elements of \"generic burglary.\"\n\nJustice Scalia's concurrence\nJustice Scalia concurred in the opinion of the Court, except for its discussion of the legislative history — the form the law took when it was a bill pending before Congress, and the statements various members of Congress made while it was pending. Justice Scalia believed that the text of the statute passed by Congress was the only thing that was important. \"The examination [of the legislative history] does not uncover anything useful (i.e., anything that tempts us to alter the meaning we deduce from the text anyway), but that is the usual consequence of these inquiries (and a good thing, too).\" Ultimately, though, Justice Scalia found the effort futile. \"I can discern no reason for devoting 10 pages of today's opinion to legislative history, except to show that we have given this case close and careful consideration. We must find some better way of demonstrating our conscientiousness.\"\n\nSee also\n List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 495\n List of United States Supreme Court cases\n Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume\n List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nUnited States Supreme Court cases\nUnited States sentencing case law\n1990 in United States case law\nUnited States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court\nArmed Career Criminal Act case law", "Burglary, also called breaking and entering and sometimes housebreaking, is the act of entering a building or other areas without permission, with the intention of committing a criminal offence. Usually that offence is theft, robbery or murder, but most jurisdictions include others within the ambit of burglary. To commit burglary is to burgle, a term back-formed from the word burglar, or to burglarize.\n\nEtymology\nSir Edward Coke (1552–1634) explains at the start of Chapter 14 in the third part of Institutes of the Lawes of England (pub. 1644), that the word Burglar (\"or the person that committeth burglary\"), is derived from the words burgh and laron, meaning house-thieves. A note indicates he relies on the Brooke's case for this definition.\n\nAccording to one textbook, the etymology originates from Anglo-Saxon or Old English, one of the Germanic languages. (Perhaps paraphrasing Sir Edward Coke:) \"The word burglar comes from the two German words , meaning \"house\", and , meaning \"thief\" (literally \"house thief\").\"\n\nAnother suggested etymology is from the later Latin word , \"to break open\" or \"to commit burglary\", from , meaning \"fortress\" or \"castle\", with the word then passing through French and Middle English, with influence from the Latin , \"thief\". The British verb \"burgle\" is a late back-formation.\n\nHistory\nAncient references to breaking into a house can be found in the Code of Hammurabi (no. 21) and the Jewish Bible (Exodus 22:2).\n\nSir Edward Coke, in chapter 14 of the third part of the Institutes of the Lawes of England, describes the felony of Burglary and explains the various elements of the offence. He distinguished this from housebreaking because the night aggravated the offence since the night time was when man was at rest. He also described the night as the time when the countenance of a man could not be discerned.\n\nIn Pleas of the Crown. A Methodical Summary, Sir Matthew Hale classifies Burglary and Arson as offences against the dwelling or habitation.\n\nIn chapter 16 of the fourth book of the Commentaries on the Laws of England, Sir William Blackstone observes that Burglary \"... has always been looked on as a very heinous offence: not only because of the abundant terror that it naturally carries with it, but also as it is a forcible invasion of that right of habitation, ...\"\n\nDuring the 19th Century, English politicians turned their minds to codifying English law. In 1826, Sir Robert Peel was able to achieve some long advocated reforms by codifying offences concerning larceny and other property offences as well as offences against the person. Further reforms followed in 1861. Colonial legislatures generally adopted the English reforms. However, while further Criminal Code reforms failed to progress through the English parliament during the 1880s, other colonies, including Canada, India, New Zealand and various Australian states codified their criminal law.\n\nCommon-law definition\nAt common law, burglary was defined by Sir Matthew Hale as:\n\nBreaking can be either actual, such as by forcing open a door, or constructive, such as by fraud or threats. Breaking does not require that anything be \"broken\" in terms of physical damage occurring. A person who has permission to enter part of a house, but not another part, commits a breaking and entering when they use any means to enter a room where they are not permitted, so long as the room was not open to enter.\nEntering can involve either physical entry by a person, or the insertion of an instrument to remove property. Insertion of a tool to gain entry may not constitute entering by itself. Note that there must be a breaking and an entering for common-law burglary. Breaking without entry or entry without breaking is not sufficient for common-law burglary.\nAlthough rarely listed as an element, the common law required that \"entry occur as a consequence of the breaking\". For example, if wrongdoers partially open a window with a pry bar—but then notice an open door, which they use to enter the dwelling instead, there is no burglary under common law. The use of the pry bar would not constitute an entry even if a portion of the prybar \"entered\" the residence. Under the instrumentality rule the use of an instrument to effect a breaking would not constitute an entry. However, if any part of the perpetrator's body entered the residence in an attempt to gain entry, the instrumentality rule did not apply. Thus, if the perpetrators uses the prybar to pry open the window and then used their hands to lift the partially opened window, an \"entry\" would have taken place when they grasped the bottom of the window with their hands.\nHouse includes a temporarily unoccupied dwelling, but not a building used only occasionally as a habitation.\nNight time is defined as hours between half an hour after sunset and half an hour before sunrise.\nTypically this element is expressed as the intent to commit a felony “therein”. The use of the word “therein” adds nothing and certainly does not limit the scope of burglary to those wrongdoers who break and enter a dwelling intending to commit a felony on the premises. The situs of the felony does not matter, and burglary occurs if the wrongdoers intended to commit a felony at the time they broke and entered.\n\nThe common-law elements of burglary often vary between jurisdictions. The common-law definition has been expanded in most jurisdictions, such that the building need not be a dwelling or even a building in the conventional sense, physical breaking is not necessary, the entry does not need to occur at night, and the intent may be to commit any felony or theft.\n\nAustralia\nIn Australia, burglary type offences are often called unlawful entry with intent (UEWI) if these involve non-residential premises.\n\nCanada\n\nIn Canada, breaking and entering is prohibited by section 348 of the Criminal Code. It is an indictable offence when committed in relation to a residence, and otherwise a hybrid offence. Breaking and entering is defined as breaking into a place with intent to commit another indictable offence (including, but not limited to, theft). The crime is commonly referred to in Canada as break and enter, which in turn is often shortened to B and E.\n\nFinland\nThere is no crime of burglary as such in Finland. In the case of breaking and entering, the Finnish penal code states that\n\nHowever, if theft is committed during unlawful entering, then a person is guilty of theft or aggravated theft depending on the circumstances of the felony.\n\nNew Zealand\nIn New Zealand, burglary is a statute offence under section 231 of the Crimes Act 1961. Originally this was a codification of the common law offence, though from October 2004 the break element was removed from the definition and entry into the building (or ship), or a part of it, now only needed to be unauthorised. The definition of a building is very broad to cover all forms of dwelling, including an enclosed yard. Unauthorised entry onto agricultural land with intent to commit an imprisonable offence (section 231A) was added in March 2019 as a burglary type offence.\n\nSweden\nIn Sweden, burglary does not exist as an offence in itself; instead, there are two available offences. If a person simply breaks into any premise, they are technically guilty of either unlawful intrusion () or breach of domiciliary peace (), depending on the premise in question. Breach of domiciliary peace is applicable only when people \"unlawfully intrude or remain where others have their living quarters\". The only punishments available for any of these offences are fines, unless the offences are considered gross. In such cases, the maximum punishment is two years' imprisonment.\n\nHowever, if the person who has forced themself into a house steals anything (\"takes what belongs to another with intent to acquire it\"), they are guilty of (ordinary) theft (). However, the section regarding gross theft (Chapter 6, 4s of the Penal Code, ) states \"in assessing whether the crime is gross, special consideration shall be given to whether the unlawful appropriation took place after intrusion into a dwelling.\" For theft, the punishment is imprisonment of at most two years, while gross theft carries a punishment of between six months and six years.\n\nUnited Kingdom\n\nEngland and Wales\n\nBurglary is defined by section 9 of the Theft Act 1968, which describes two variants:\nA person is guilty of burglary if they enter any building or part of a building as a trespasser with intent to steal, inflict grievous bodily harm or do unlawful damage to the building or anything in it.\nA person is guilty of burglary if, having entered a building or part of a building as a trespasser, they steal or attempt to steal anything in the building, or inflict or attempt to inflict grievous bodily harm on any person in the building.\n\nNorthern Ireland\nThe offence is defined in similar terms to England and Wales by the Theft Act (Northern Ireland) 1969.\n\nScotland\nUnder Scots law, the crime of burglary does not exist. Instead theft by housebreaking covers theft where the security of the building is overcome. It does not include any other aspect of burglary found in England and Wales. It is a crime usually prosecuted under solemn procedure in a superior court. Another common law crime still used is Hamesuken, which covers forced entry into a building where a serious assault on the occupant takes place. Common law crimes in Scotland are gradually being replaced by statutes.\n\nUnited States\nIn the United States, burglary is prosecuted as a felony or misdemeanor and involves trespassing and theft, entering a building or automobile, or loitering unlawfully with intent to commit any crime, not necessarily a theft – for example, vandalism. Even if nothing is stolen in a burglary, the act is a statutory offense. Buildings can include hangars, sheds, barns, and coops; burglary of boats, aircraft, trucks, and railway cars is possible. Burglary may be an element in crimes involving rape, arson, kidnapping, identity theft, or violation of civil rights; indeed, the \"plumbers\" of the Watergate scandal were technically burglars. Any entry into the building or automobile of another with the intent to commit a crime, even if the entry would otherwise be permitted for lawful purposes, may constitute burglary on the theory that the permission to enter is only extended for lawful purposes (for example, a shoplifter may be prosecuted for burglary in addition to theft, for entering a shop with the intent to steal). As with all legal definitions in the U.S., the foregoing description may not be applicable in every jurisdiction, since there are 50 separate state criminal codes, plus federal and territorial codes in force.\n\nHome invasion\nCommission of a burglary with the intention or result of confronting persons on the premises may constitute an aggravated offense known as \"home invasion\". Taking or attempting to take property by force or threat of force from persons on the premises also constitutes the offense of robbery.\n\nNighttime burglaries\nIn some states, a burglary committed during the hours of daylight is technically not burglary, but housebreaking. In many jurisdictions in the U.S., burglary is punished more severely than housebreaking. In California, for example, burglary was punished as burglary in the first degree, while housebreaking was punished as burglary in the second degree. California now distinguishes between entry into a residence and into a commercial building, with the burglary of a residence bearing heavier punishment.\n\nIn states that continue to punish burglary more severely than housebreaking twilight, night is traditionally defined as hours between 30 minutes after sunset and 30 minutes before sunrise.\n\nInchoate crime\nThere is some recent scholarly treatment of burglaries in American law as inchoate crimes, but this is in dispute. Some academics consider burglary an inchoate crime. Others say that because the intrusion itself is harmful, this justifies punishment even when no further crime is committed.\n\nPossession of burglars' tools, in jurisdictions that make this an offense, has also been viewed as an inchoate crime:\n\nFlorida\n\nUnder Florida State Statutes, \"burglary\" occurs when a person \"enter[s] a dwelling, a structure, or a conveyance with the intent to commit an offense therein, unless the premises are at the time open to the public or the defendant is licensed or invited to enter.\" Depending on the circumstances of the crime, burglary can be classified as third, second, first-degree, or life felonies, with maximum sentences of five years, fifteen years, thirty years, and life, respectively. The minimum sentences are probation, 21 months, and 124 1/2 months, except that if the person had a gun, a judge uses the 10-20-Life Law, 10 years on anyone convicted of committing or attempting to commit any of the above felonies (with certain exceptions), while armed with a firearm or destructive device. If a firearm was discharged, 20 years. If a bullet injures or kills someone, 25 years.\n\nGeorgia\nA person commits the offense of burglary when, without authority and with the intent to commit a felony or theft therein, he enters or remains within the dwelling house of another or any building, vehicle, railroad car, watercraft, or other such structure designed for use as the dwelling of another or enters or remains within any other building, railroad car, aircraft, or any room or any part thereof. A person convicted of the offense of burglary, for the first such offense, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than one nor more than 20 years. For the purposes of this Code section, the term \"railroad car\" shall also include trailers on flatcars, containers on flatcars, trailers on railroad property, or containers on railroad property. O.C.G.A. § 16-7-1.\n\nKentucky\nBurglary and the intended crime, if carried out, are treated as separate offenses. Burglary is a felony, even when the intended crime is a misdemeanor, and the intent to commit the crime can occur when one \"enters or remains unlawfully\" in the building, expanding the common-law definition. It has three degrees. Third-degree burglary is the broadest, and applies to any building or other premises. Second-degree burglary retains the common-law element of a dwelling, and first-degree burglary requires that the accused be in a dwelling and armed with a weapon or have intent to cause injury. A related offense, criminal trespass, covers unlawful entry to buildings or premises without the intent to commit a crime, and is a misdemeanor or, in the third degree, a violation. Possession of burglar's tools, with the intent to use them to commit burglary or theft, is a misdemeanor.\n\nMassachusetts\nThe Commonwealth of Massachusetts uses the term \"burglary\" to refer to a night-time breaking and entering of a dwelling with the intent to commit a felony. Burglary is a felony punishable by not more than twenty years; should the burglar enter with a dangerous weapon, they may be imprisoned for life. Unlawful entries of a structure other than a dwelling are labeled \"breaking and entering\" and punishments vary according to structure.\n\nMaryland\nIn Maryland, under title 6, subtitle 2 of the criminal law code, the crime of burglary is divided into four degrees. The first three degrees are felonies, while fourth-degree burglary is a misdemeanor. Breaking and entering into a dwelling with intent to commit theft or a crime of violence is first-degree burglary. Breaking and entering into a \"storehouse\" (a structure other than a dwelling, also including watercraft, aircraft, railroad cars, and vessels) with intent to commit theft, arson, or a crime of violence is second-degree burglary. Third-degree burglary is defined as breaking and entering into a dwelling with intent to commit a crime.\n\nSimple breaking and entering into a dwelling or storehouse without specific intent to commit an additional crime is fourth-degree burglary. This degree also includes two other offenses that do not have breaking and entering as an element: Being in or on the yard, garden, or other property of a storehouse or dwelling with the intent to commit theft, or possession of burglar's tools with the intent to use them in a burglary offense.\n\nNew Hampshire\nIn the criminal code of New Hampshire, \"A person is guilty of burglary if they enter a building or occupied structure, or separately secured or occupied section thereof, with purpose to commit a crime therein, unless the premises are at the time open to the public or the actor is licensed or privileged to enter.\"\n\nNew York\nUnder the New York Penal Law, burglary is always a felony, even in third degree. It is more serious if the perpetrator uses what appears to be a dangerous weapon or enters a dwelling.\n\nPennsylvania\nIn Pennsylvania, it is a defense to prosecution if the building or structure in question is rendered abandoned.\n\nVirginia\nIn Virginia, there are degrees of burglary, described as \"Common Law Burglary\" and \"Statutory Burglary\".\n\nCommon Law Burglary is defined as: if any people break and enter the dwelling of another, in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony or any larceny (theft < $500) therein, shall be guilty of burglary, punishable as a class 3 felony; provided, however, that if such people was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, they shall be guilty of a class 2 felony.\n\nStatutory Burglary is defined as: If any people in the nighttime enter without breaking, or in the daytime break and enter or enter and conceal themselves in a dwelling house or an adjoining, occupied outhouse, or, in the nighttime enter without breaking or at any time break and enter or enter and conceal themselves in any office, shop, manufactured home, storehouse, warehouse, banking house, church or other house, or any ship, vessel or river craft, or any railroad car, or any automobile, truck, or trailer, if such automobile, truck or trailer is used as a dwelling or place of human habitation, with intent to commit murder, rape, robbery or arson in violation of Virginia State code section 18.2–77, 18.2–79, or 18.2–80, shall be deemed guilty of statutory burglary, which offense shall be a class 3 felony. However, if such people were armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, they shall be guilty of a class 2 felony.\n\nAdditionally, if any people commit any of the acts mentioned in the VA state code section 18.2–90 with intent to commit larceny, or any felony other than murder, rape, robbery or arson in violation of VA state code section 18.2–77, 18.2–79, or 18.2–80, or if any people commit any acts mentioned in 18.2–89 or 18.2–90 with intent to commit assault and battery, shall be guilty of statutory burglary, punishable by confinement in a state correctional facility for not less than one or more than twenty years, or, in the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, be confined in jail for a period not exceeding twelve months or fined not more than $2,500, either or both. However, if the people were armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, they shall be guilty of a Class 2 felony.\n\nFinally, if any people break and enter a dwelling house while said dwelling is occupied, either in the day or night time, with intent to commit any misdemeanor except assault and battery or trespass (which falls under the previous paragraph), shall be guilty of a class 6 felony. However, if the people were armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, they shall be guilty of a class 2 felony.\n\nWisconsin\nIn Wisconsin, burglary is committed by one who forcibly enters a building without consent and with intent to steal or to commit another felony. Burglary may also be committed by entry to a locked truck, car or trailer or a ship. The crime of burglary is treated as being more serious if the burglar is armed with a dangerous weapon when the burglary is committed or arms him/herself during the commission of the burglary.\n\nProtection against burglars\nProtection of property against burglars can include defenses such as anti-climb paint, safety and security window film, lock and key, and burglar alarms. Dogs of any size can warn residents through loud barking, with larger dogs or multiple medium-to-small dogs posing a threat of severe injury to an intruder. Self-defense is also an option in some jurisdictions.\n\nStatistics\n\nClassifications\nThe March 2015 version (1.0) of the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS) classifies burglary under section 0501, a subsection of section 05 \"Act against property only\" (Category 05 at level 1).\n\nIn the US, the FBI Uniform Crime Reports classify burglary as a distinct Part 1 index crime.\n\nThe Australian and New Zealand Standard Offence Classification (ANZSOC) has a separate top level division (Division 07) for \"Unlawful entry with intent/burglary, break and enter\"\n\nBurglaries by country\n\nThe UNODC notes \"that when using the figures, any cross-national comparisons should be conducted with caution because of the differences that exist between the legal definitions of offences in countries, or the different methods of offence counting and recording\". Also, not every crime is reported and the rate of reported crimes may vary by countries.\n\nEvidence from the United States suggests that burglary has declined steadily since 1980 which is mainly attributed to improved household security.\n\nSee also\nGentleman thief\nR v Collins\nTrespass\nHome invasion\nGoing equipped\nTheft Act 1968 (United Kingdom)\nHot prowl burglary\n\"Cat burglar\" at Wiktionary\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\nAllen, Michael. Textbook on Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, Oxford. (2005) .\nCriminal Law Revision Committee. 8th Report. Theft and Related Offences. Cmnd. 2977\nGriew, Edward. Theft Acts 1968 & 1978, Sweet & Maxwell. \n \nMartin, Jacqueline. Criminal Law for A2 Hodder Arnold. (2006) \nOrmerod, David. Smith and Hogan Criminal Law, LexisNexis, London. (2005) \nSmith, J. C. Law of Theft, LexisNexis: London. (1997)\n\nExternal links\nCalifornia Penal Code Section 459 – Burglary\nMassachusetts General Laws – Crimes Against Property\nThe Chula Vista Residential Burglary Reduction Project\nHousehold Burglary, 1994–2011 Bureau of Justice Statistics\nWisconsin Statutes Home Page\n\n \nInchoate offenses\nRobbery" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Personal life", "What state did Lundgren live?", "Lundgren resides in Los Angeles, California.", "What does he like to do for fun?", "He is an avid football fan.", "Does he like a certain team?", "Everton FC when he lived in Europe, but developed more of an interest in international football tournaments (such as the UEFA European Championship and the FIFA World Cup)", "What else was going in his personal life?", "During the 1980s, Lundgren had relationships with Jamaican singer Grace Jones and American model Paula Barbieri.", "Did he marry either of them?", "In 1994, he married Anette Qviberg, a jewellery designer and fashion stylist, in Marbella.", "What did he do after marrying?", "The couple decided they liked Marbella so much that they rented accommodation there for years, before eventually buying a family home there.", "Did they have children?", "They have two daughters: Ida Sigrid Lundgren and Greta Eveline Lundgren, both born in Stockholm.", "Did anything else happen in his life?", "2009, Lundgren's Marbella home was reportedly broken into by three masked burglars who tied up and threatened his wife,", "What happened after the burglary?", "but fled when they found a family photo and realized that the house was owned by Lundgren." ]

[ "Effected is the second studio album by American rapper Cozz. It was released on February 13, 2018, by Dreamville Records, Interscope Records and Tha Committee Records. The album features guest appearances from J. Cole, Kendrick Lamar, Currensy and Garren. The album features production from a variety of record producers, including J. Cole, Meez, Cardiak, Elite, Ron Gilmore and Tae Beast, among others. Effected debuted at number 18 on the US Top Heatseekers chart and received generally positive reviews from critics.\n\nPromotion\nOn January 5, 2018, Cozz released the lead single \"Questions\", accompanied by a music video on January 8. Cozz released three more songs prior to the album, \"Badu\" featuring Currensy on January 19, \"Ignorant Confidence\" on January 26, and \"Bout It\" featuring Garren on February 5. \nCozz revealed the album's release date and tracklist on February 5, 2018.\n\nAhead of the album's release, Cozz released a 10-minute documentary titled, Cozz: Effected on February 12, 2018. A video for \"Demons N Distractions\" was released on March 1, 2018. On March 22, 2018, Cozz released the music video for \"Bout It\" featuring Garren. On April 4, 2018, Cozz announced The Effected Tour to further promote the album.\n\nCritical reception\n\nUpon its release, Effected received generally positive reviews by music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 76, based on four reviews, which indicates \"generally positive reviews\". In a positive review for HipHopDX, Marcus Blackwell said: \"Genre inconsistencies aside, Effected is a clear statement Cozz doesn’t just want to be the conversation with the best rappers. He wants to steer the debates.\" Writing for Exclaim!, Lidia Abraha commented saying, \"Effected deserves props for its altruistic insight on the ups-and-downs of being an artist, and for Cozz's nuanced storytelling. There's room for improvement for the melodies and beats, even though the subtle instrumentals help amplify Cozz's voice and his champion storytelling.\" In Pitchforks review of Effected, Jackson Howard writes Effected \"is a confident step toward turning what used to be fantasy into cold, hard reality.\"\n\nRespect. praised the album saying: \"From beginning to end, Cozz expresses different relatable situations throughout manhood. Rather than speaking on matters of the heart, Cozz’ blunt attitude and straight forward sense of thinking gives off the perception of a player. Being one of the main artists on Dreamville‘s forefront, Cozz is sure to fill in the necessary gaps to land his solidified spot in the game.\" 2DOPEBOYZ called Cozz a \"very talented rapper that is destined for a good spot in the rap game.\" They continued saying, \"Adding more versatility into his formula for ultimate success could help gain the respect he strives to attain.\" XXL magazine praised Cozz' growth as a songwriter, they commented saying, \"There's no denying that Cozz can rap his ass off—that much was confirmed after one play-through of his 2014 debut. Effected, however, confirms that Cozz has more in him than just straight bars. He continues to tell his own story but through new flows, different hooks and an advanced way of making rap songs.\"\n\nTrack listing\nCredits adapted from Tidal.Notes signifies a co-producer\n signifies an additional producer\n signifies an uncredited co-producerSample credits \"Hustla's Story\" contains a sample from \"Happy Feelings\" performed by Maze, and written by Frankie Beverly.\n \"Demons N Distractions\" contains a sample from \"Simple Life\" written and performed by Peter Milray.\n \"Freaky 45\" contains a sample from \"Love On A Rainy Afternoon\" performed by Arif Mardin.\n\"Proof\" contains a sample from \"Untitled\" from the Private US Library 1976.\n \"Badu\" contains a sample from \"Soft Shell\" written by Steve Kennedy and William Smith and performed by Motherlode.\n \"My Love\" contains a sample from \"To Kill A Mockingbird (Main Title)\" performed by Elmer Bernstein.\n \"That's The Thing\" contains a sample from \"Fallin' In Love\", written by Ann Hamilton and Dan Hamilton, as performed by Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds.\n \"Zendaya\" contains elements from \"Abre Alas\" performed by Ivan Lins.\n \"Not a Minute More\" contains a sample from \"Lines\", written by Sam Evans, Roxane Barker, Jacob Welsh, David Turay, Matt Knox and Geordan Reid-Campbell, as performed by The Hics.\n\nPersonnel\nCredits adapted from Tidal.Performance Cozz – primary artist\n Kendrick Lamar – featured artist \n Currensy – featured artist \n Garren – featured artist \n J. Cole – featured artist Production'\n Rob Kinelski – mixer \n Soul Professa – producer \n Hollywood JB – producer \n Meez – additional producer , producer \n Louie Ji – additional producer , producer , uncredited co-producer \n Chef Mitchell - uncredited co-producer , additional producer \n Mike Almighty - uncredited co-producer , additional producer \n Cardiak – producer \n Beat Butcha – additional producer \n Dontae Winslow – additional producer \n Uncle Dave – additional producer \n Anthony Ware – additional producer \n Ron Gilmore – additional producer \n D-Low Beats – producer \n Enimal – producer \n Tae Beast – producer \n DJ Wes – additional producer \n J. Cole – producer\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2018 albums\nInterscope Records albums\nDreamville Records albums\nAlbums produced by J. Cole\nAlbums produced by Beat Butcha\nAlbums produced by Tae Beast", "Coral bleaching in Oahu has been on the rise since 1996, when Hawaii's first major coral bleaching occurred in Kaneohe Bay, followed by major bleaching events in the Northwest islands in 2002 and 2004. In 2014, biologists from the University of Queensland observed the first mass bleaching event, and attributed it to The Blob.\n\nCoral bleaching turns the coral white, but it does not kill it right away. Depending factors like what type of coral is it, and temperature of the water in that specific area, decide on how long the coral has. Coral bleaching effects in Hawaii are primarily caused by water temperature increases due to climate change. A rise in the water temperature is a stressor to the coral. When stressed, the coral releases algae that lives in their tissues, so when released they lose all of their color, turning them white.\n\nAreas impacted by coral bleaching \nThe amount of bleached coral is increasing around the island of Oahu. As of November 2019, two secluded beaches on the island, Yokohama bay and Makua beach have had reports of coral bleaching. Also including around Daniel K. Inouye Airport, these areas have 75% or more of coral bleached. The main cause of this mass bleaching event is by the rise in the water temperature of as small as 2-3 degrees Fahrenheit. The types of corals include the two most popular corals of Hawaii, the Rose or Cauliflower coral. These corals are 10-20 inches in diameter.\n\nKaneohe Bay reef \nThe Kaneohe Bay reef is eight miles in length and 2.7 miles in width. A second barrier reef covers 27 miles off the coast of Molokaʻi island in the archipelago. About 40 years ago there were raw sewage dumps in Kaneohe Bay, killing some coral. The sewage gave the advantage to a growing benthic algae species. The green algae Dictyosphaeria cavernosa, formed mat like structures covering and killing some of the coral. And the corals that the algae did not reach, the sewage and the low water quality had weaken them over time. The corals reproduction cycle was slowed and more likely to contract a disease. In 1996, when coral bleaching started to Kaneohe Bay, the corals were effected by the algae growth. This meant that the corals were still weak and the rise in ocean temperatures played a role the amount of bleaching that effected the coral. In 2014 it was noted that 80% of coral in Kaneohe Bay had been bleached white. It is predicted by Kuulei Rogers of the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, that “In the 2030s, 30 to 50 percent of the years will have major bleaching events in Hawaii.\"\n\nReferences \n\nEffects of climate change" ]

[ "Nightcrawler (comics)", "Resurrection" ]

[ "John 20:8 is the eighth verse of the twentieth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Peter and the Beloved Disciple are examining Jesus's empty tomb. Peter has been inside the tomb since John 20:6, while the Beloved Disciple had been examining it from outside. In this verse the Beloved Disciple enters the tomb.\n\nContent\nIn the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:\nThen went in also that\nother disciple, which\ncame first to the sepulchre,\nand he saw, and believed.\n\nThe English Standard Version translates the passage as:\nThen the other disciple,\nwho had reached the tomb first,\nalso went in,\nand he saw and believed\n\nFor a collection of other versions see BibleHub John 20:8\n\nAnalysis\nThe central debate over this verse is what exactly the Beloved Disciple believed. The earlier verses mention only Jesus' grave clothes as being in the tomb. The debate is whether the Beloved Disciple could have come to believe in the resurrection based on such minimal evidence. If he did suddenly understand what had happened, why did he not share this understanding with Peter, or with Mary Magdalene who is also believed to be present? Why, after this revelation, does the Beloved Disciple simply leave to go home in John 20:10? A long line of scholars including Saint Augustine have thus argued that the Beloved Disciple simply came to believe Mary Magdalene's story that the body was gone.\n\nThe majority of scholars believe that this passage indicates the Beloved Disciple became aware of the resurrection albeit with limited understanding. Calvin said, \"it is a poor exposition which some people give of these words, that John believed what he heard Mary say namely, that Christ's body had been carried away; there is no passage in which the word 'believe' carries this meaning, especially when it is used simply and on its own\". Leonard argues that the fact that the grave clothes were left carefully in place clearly indicated that the body had not been stolen, and instead showed that Jesus had been resurrected. Bultmann believes that Peter had already realized what had happened, and in this passage the Beloved Disciple merely joins Peter in this understanding. Bruce disagrees, arguing the scripture implies that Peter remained ignorant. Luke 24:12 has Peter leaving the scene \"wondering what had happened\". Most scholars who read the verse as indicating that the Beloved Disciple understood the resurrection believe that he was the first person to reach this understanding.\n\nSchnackenberg takes a third approach. He argues that this passage does intend to report that Beloved Disciple understood the resurrection, but that the verse was a later addition to the text. This theory would explain why the verse does not mesh well with the rest of the narrative. The realization of the Beloved Disciple, despite its seeming importance, is not again mentioned in the narrative.\n\nJohn 20:9 further complicates this debate by stating that they remained ignorant, without clearly explaining who they are.\n\nIt is also possible that the verse is an error. Brown reports that the Codex Bezae has the passage reading that \"he saw and did not believe\", which seems logically more in keeping with the rest of the chapter.\n\nAnother issue is what this passage reveals about the architecture of Jesus's tomb. It seems to show that two grown men could enter with ease (unless the first exited before the second entered). This is somewhat unusual as tombs in this period were generally quite small. Passages such as John 20:11 also seem to describe a smaller tomb.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nJohn Calvin's commentary on John 20:1-9\nJesus Appears to His Disciples\n\n20:08", "Resurrection College Prep High School is a private, Catholic, all-girls high school in Chicago, Illinois. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago.\n\nHistory\nResurrection High School was founded by the Sisters of the Resurrection, a Catholic religious order. Sister Anne Strzelecka C.R. arrived in Chicago on February 2, 1900 to work with students in Catholic schools. In 1912, Sister Anne bought a tract of land in northwest Chicago and three years later opened Resurrection Academy as an elementary school and boarding school for girls. In 1920, Sister Anne bought the Anderson onion farm and skating pond where Resurrection Medical Center now stands. Resurrection High School was established in 1922. In 1922, she opened the doors to Resurrection High School in what is now the Provincial Home. Four years later, the first graduating class consisted of four young women, one of whom went on to become a successful attorney as well as a mother and grandmother of future Resites. After 40 years of growth, Resurrection High School opened its doors in 1962 in a new, much larger building. In 1997, an $11 million construction program added two state of the art science and computer labs, a technology center with internet capabilities, a 36-station fitness center, as well as air conditioning throughout the facility. Resurrection High School counts more than 12,000 alumnae in 83 graduating classes.\n\nThe school closed temporarily on Tuesday, March 10, 2020 after officials learned that a person at the school had been exposed to the COVID-19 virus.\n\nNotes and references\n\nExternal links\n Resurrection College Prep High School homepage\n\nCatholic schools in Chicago\nPrivate high schools in Chicago\nCatholic secondary schools in Illinois\nGirls' schools in Illinois\nEducational institutions established in 1922\n1922 establishments in Illinois", "Matthew 27:53 is the fifty-third verse of the twenty-seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. This verse describes some of the events that occurred upon the death of Jesus. The previous verse mentioned that tombs broke open and the saints inside were resurrected. In this verse the saints descend upon the Holy City.\n\nContent\nThe original Koine Greek, according to Westcott and Hort, reads:\nκαι εξελθοντες εκ των μνημειων μετα την εγερσιν αυτου \nεισηλθον εις την αγιαν πολιν και ενεφανισθησαν πολλοις\n\nIn the King James Version of the Bible it is translated as:\nand coming out of the graves after His resurrection, \nthey went into the holy city and appeared to many.\n\nThe modern World English Bible translates the passage as:\nand coming out of the tombs after his resurrection, they \nentered into the holy city and appeared to many.\n\nFor a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 27:53\n\nAnalysis\nThese verses see the resurrection of \"many\" saints, and their appearance in the city where they are seen by \"many.\" The concern that Biblical scholars have had for centuries with this story, is that these momentous events are mentioned nowhere else. Not only are they not noticed by any contemporary non-Christian sources, but none of the other gospel writers mentions this occurring. The author of Matthew gives no further details himself about this event. No reaction to these events is described, nor does he mention what happened to the saints after their appearance. Nolland speculates as to what happened after to the risen saints. He considers it unlikely that they simply returned to the grave after a brief time among the living, he also does not think it likely that the saints resumed their normal lives on Earth. Thus Nolland feels that Matthew probably imagines the saints being translated directly to heaven after a short time on Earth, similar to Elijah.\n\nThe text also makes no note on why there is a two-day delay between the opening of the tombs upon Jesus' death, and the saints' appearance in the city only after Jesus' resurrection. If these events only happen two days hence, why are they mentioned here and not with the miraculous events of the resurrection at Matthew 28:2? Some later manuscripts have \"after their resurrection\" rather than \"his,\" rearranging the timeline. Schweizer speculates that this verse contains an ancient correction to Matthew's original manuscript. Theologically Jesus had to be the first person resurrected, so Schweizer believes the wording of this verse was switched to ensure the saints only rose after Jesus.\n\nMost modern scholars thus do not consider these events to be historical. Bultmann refers to them as \"pure novelistic motifs.\" Hagnar states that these events make more theological than historical sense. Brown comments that the strength of this part of the narrative is \"atmosphere, not details.\" There have been attempts to reconcile this verse with other sources. One proposition is that by the \"holy city\" Matthew is not referring to Jerusalem, but rather to heaven. The saints thus appeared only in heaven, explaining why no other source makes note of this event. Most scholars reject this understanding, as \"holy city\" has referred to Jerusalem throughout Matthew's gospel (such as at Matthew 4:5). The theory also fails to explain what is meant when Matthew states they were \"seen by many.\"\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n \n \n\n27:53" ]

[ "Nightcrawler (comics)", "Resurrection", "What happened in Resurrection?", "For a time, Kitty Pryde and Nightcrawler express some resentment over the X-Men's failing to contact them after their supposed deaths." ]

[ "ShoppyBag was an Internet phishing scam that harvested personal information such as e-mail addresses.\n\nThe scam was presented as a social network dedicated to shopping. People who created a ShoppyBag user account were deceived into giving the service permission to access their Gmail contacts list. The members of that contact list then received e-mails from ShoppyBag which stated that the person who owns the contact list \"tagged you with a photo\". To view the alleged photograph, the recipients had to click on a hyperlink that led them to a web page on which they were required to create a user account of their own. If they did so, they gave the operators of the scam access to their own Gmail contacts list, and the scam was repeated with these persons.\n\nAs of September 2011, the \"shoppybag.com\" website read that \"ShoppyBag ceased all operations on July 31st, 2011.\"\n\nReferences\n\nEmail spammers", "Point contacts may refer to:\n\nContact breaker, a type of electrical switch\nPoint contact diode, a type of semiconductor diode \nPoint of contact, a person serving as the focal point of information concerning an activity\nPoint-contact transistor, the first type of solid-state electronic transistor ever constructed, in 1947\nQuantum point contact, a narrow constriction between two wide electrically conducting regions\n\nSee also\nContactPoint, a government database that held information on all children under 18 in England\nContact Point, a small rock headland on Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica", "W.A.K.O. World Championships 1979 were the second ever world kickboxing championships hosted by W.A.K.O., organized by American Mike Anderson. They were open to amateur men only from across the world, with two styles of kickboxing - Full-Contact and Semi-Contact - on offer. This was the championships where the (now) world famous martial artist turned actor Jean-Claude Van Damme was supposed to have competed – although reports on the event and from participating fighters give no confirmation of Van Damme ever participating. By the end of the championships West Germany was the strongest nation, Italy were second, Great Britain third. The event was held at the Hillsborough Community College in Tampa, Florida, USA between November 3 and 4 in 1979.\n\nMen's Full-Contact Kickboxing\n\nThe Full-Contact category at Tampa had seven weight divisions, ranging from 57 kg/125.4 lbs to over 84 kg/+184.8 lbs, with all bouts fought under Full-Contact rules. More detail on Full-Contact's rules-set can be found at the W.A.K.O. website, although be aware that the rules have changed since 1979. The medal winners of each division are shown below with notable winners being Tony Palmore who won his second gold medal at a W.A.K.O. world championships and reigning W.A.K.O. European champion and future K-1 world champion Branko Cikatić picking up a bronze medal. By the end of the event, West Germany were the strongest nation in Full-Contact, winning two golds and two silvers.\n\nMen's Full-Contact Kickboxing Medals Table\n\nMen's Semi-Contact Kickboxing\n\nSemi-Contact returned to the 1979 world championships, having been absent from the 1978 world championships. Semi-Contact differed from Full-Contact in that fights were won by using skill, speed and technique to score points rather than by excessive force - more detail on Semi-Contact rules can be found at the official W.A.K.O. website, although be aware that the rules will have changed since 1979. Like Full-Contact there were seven weight divisions ranging from 57 kg/125.4 lbs to over 84 kg/+184.8 lbs. The medal winners of each division are shown below with West Germany being the top nation in Semi-Contact by the championships end.\n\nMen's Semi-Contact Kickboxing Medals Table\n\nOverall Medals Standing (Top 5)\n\nSee also\n List of WAKO Amateur World Championships\n List of WAKO Amateur European Championships\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n WAKO World Association of Kickboxing Organizations Official Site\n\n1979 in American sports\n1979 in sports in Florida\n1979 in kickboxing\n20th century in Tampa, Florida\nKickboxing in the United States\nSports competitions in Tampa, Florida\nWAKO Amateur World Championships events\nInternational sports competitions in Florida" ]

[ "Nightcrawler (comics)", "Resurrection", "What happened in Resurrection?", "For a time, Kitty Pryde and Nightcrawler express some resentment over the X-Men's failing to contact them after their supposed deaths.", "Did they ever contact them?", "Following the wedding of Captain Britain and Meggan, Excalibur disbands and Nightcrawler returns to the X-Men with Shadowcat and Colossus." ]

[ "Ward v. Tesco Stores Ltd. [1976] 1 WLR 810, is an English tort law case concerning the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur (\"the thing speaks for itself\"). It deals with the law of negligence and it set an important precedent in so called \"trip and slip\" cases which are a common occurrence.\n\nFacts\nThe plaintiff slipped on some pink yoghurt in a Tesco store in Smithdown Road, Liverpool. It was not clear whether or not Tesco staff were to blame for the spillage. It could have been another customer, or the wind, or anything else. Spillages happened roughly 10 times a week and staff had standing orders to clean anything up straight away. As Lawton LJ observed in his judgment,\n\nThe trial judge had held in Mrs Ward's favour and she was awarded £137.50 in damages. Tesco appealed.\n\nJudgment\nIt was held by a majority (Lawton LJ and Megaw LJ) that even though it could not be said exactly what happened, the pink yoghurt being spilled spoke for itself as to who was to blame. Tesco was required to pay compensation. The plaintiff did not need to prove how long the spill had been there, because the burden of proof was on Tesco. Lawton LJ's judgment explained the previous case law, starting with Richards v. WF White & Co. [1957] 1 Lloyd's Rep.\n\nDissent\nOmrod LJ disagreed with Lawton LJ and Megaw LJ on the basis that Tesco did not seem to have been able to do anything to have prevented the accident. He argued that they did not fail to take reasonable care, and in his words, the accident \"could clearly have happened no matter what degree of care these defendants had taken.\"\n\nNotes\n\nEnglish tort case law\nEnglish occupier case law\nCourt of Appeal (England and Wales) cases\n1976 in case law\n1976 in British law\nTesco", "\"What Else Is There?\" is the third single from the Norwegian duo Röyksopp's second album The Understanding. It features the vocals of Karin Dreijer from the Swedish electronica duo The Knife. The album was released in the UK with the help of Astralwerks.\n\nThe single was used in an O2 television advertisement in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia during 2008. It was also used in the 2006 film Cashback and the 2007 film, Meet Bill. Trentemøller's remix of \"What Else is There?\" was featured in an episode of the HBO show Entourage.\n\nThe song was covered by extreme metal band Enslaved as a bonus track for their album E.\n\nThe song was listed as the 375th best song of the 2000s by Pitchfork Media.\n\nOfficial versions\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Album Version) – 5:17\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Radio Edit) – 3:38\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Jacques Lu Cont Radio Mix) – 3:46\n\"What Else Is There?\" (The Emperor Machine Vocal Version) – 8:03\n\"What Else Is There?\" (The Emperor Machine Dub Version) – 7:51\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Mix) – 8:25\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Edit) – 4:50\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Remix) (Radio Edit) – 3:06\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Trentemøller Remix) – 7:42\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Vitalic Remix) – 5:14\n\nResponse\nThe single was officially released on 5 December 2005 in the UK. The single had a limited release on 21 November 2005 to promote the upcoming album. On the UK Singles Chart, it peaked at number 32, while on the UK Dance Chart, it reached number one.\n\nMusic video\nThe music video was directed by Martin de Thurah. It features Norwegian model Marianne Schröder who is shown lip-syncing Dreijer's voice. Schröder is depicted as a floating woman traveling across stormy landscapes and within empty houses. Dreijer makes a cameo appearance as a woman wearing an Elizabethan ruff while dining alone at a festive table.\n\nMovie spots\n\nThe song is also featured in the movie Meet Bill as characters played by Jessica Alba and Aaron Eckhart smoke marijuana while listening to it. It is also part of the end credits music of the film Cashback.\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2005 singles\nRöyksopp songs\nAstralwerks singles\nSongs written by Svein Berge\nSongs written by Torbjørn Brundtland\n2004 songs\nSongs written by Roger Greenaway\nSongs written by Olof Dreijer\nSongs written by Karin Dreijer", "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books" ]

[ "Nightcrawler (comics)", "Resurrection", "What happened in Resurrection?", "For a time, Kitty Pryde and Nightcrawler express some resentment over the X-Men's failing to contact them after their supposed deaths.", "Did they ever contact them?", "Following the wedding of Captain Britain and Meggan, Excalibur disbands and Nightcrawler returns to the X-Men with Shadowcat and Colossus.", "What else happened that was important?", "Later, Nightcrawler served as the new leader of the Uncanny X-Men team alongside Wolverine, Bishop, Psylocke, Cannonball, and Marvel Girl." ]

[ "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)", "\"What Would Steve Do?\" is the second single released by Mumm-Ra on Columbia Records, which was released on February 19, 2007. It is a re-recorded version of the self-release they did in April 2006. It reached #40 in the UK Singles Chart, making it their highest charting single.\n\nTrack listings\nAll songs written by Mumm-Ra.\n\nCD\n\"What Would Steve Do?\"\n\"Cute As\"\n\"Without You\"\n\n7\"\n\"What Would Steve Do?\"\n\"What Would Steve Do? (Floorboard Mix)\"\n\nGatefold 7\"\n\"What Would Steve Do?\"\n\"Cute As\"\n\nReferences\n\n2007 singles\nMumm-Ra (band) songs\n2006 songs\nColumbia Records singles", "The situation, task, action, result (STAR) format is a technique used by interviewers to gather all the relevant information about a specific capability that the job requires. \n\n Situation: The interviewer wants you to present a recent challenging situation in which you found yourself.\n Task: What were you required to achieve? The interviewer will be looking to see what you were trying to achieve from the situation. Some performance development methods use “Target” rather than “Task”. Job interview candidates who describe a “Target” they set themselves instead of an externally imposed “Task” emphasize their own intrinsic motivation to perform and to develop their performance.\n Action: What did you do? The interviewer will be looking for information on what you did, why you did it and what the alternatives were.\n Results: What was the outcome of your actions? What did you achieve through your actions? Did you meet your objectives? What did you learn from this experience? Have you used this learning since?\n\nThe STAR technique is similar to the SOARA technique.\n\nThe STAR technique is also often complemented with an additional R on the end STARR or STAR(R) with the last R resembling reflection. This R aims to gather insight and interviewee's ability to learn and iterate. Whereas the STAR reveals how and what kind of result on an objective was achieved, the STARR with the additional R helps the interviewer to understand what the interviewee learned from the experience and how they would assimilate experiences. The interviewee can define what they would do (differently, the same, or better) next time being posed with a situation.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe ‘STAR’ technique to answer behavioral interview questions\nThe STAR method explained\n\nJob interview" ]

[ "Sam Brownback", "Tenure" ]

[ "Albinus (floruit 440–448) was an aristocrat of the Roman Empire; he was made consul for 444 as the junior partner of Emperor Theodosius II. He may be a nephew of, or identical with, Caecina Decius Acinatius Albinus, praefectus urbi in 414.\n\nLife \nSamuel Dill observed that \"the Novellae seem to show him the great statesman of the time.\" He was Praetorian prefect of Gaul in 440, when Pope Leo I was called on to mediate a quarrel between him and the magister militum Aetius. (B.L. Twyman notes that Prosper's language \"is conventional, and that the notice reveals only the fact of the resolution of a quarrel, not any actual friendship between Aetius and Albinus.\") The cause of their quarrel is not known.\n\nAfter Petronius Maximus ended his tenure as Praetorian prefect of Italy sometime in 441, a rapid succession of successors to the post followed until Albinus was appointed, prior to 17 August 443, for the second time we are told. He held this position until sometime between 3 June 448 and 17 June 449. Twyman finds the length of Albinus' prefecture \"most striking\"; Albinus was able to exert the authority of his office, bringing stability to the government. Ronald J. Weber suggests that the reason for Albinus' long tenure was not in response to the growing hegemony of Aetius, but \"that he gained office in response to a perceived need and that the length of the crises facilitated his long tenure.\" Specifically, his lengthy term was a response to the loss of Africa to the Vandals, which was solemnized with an agreement to divide North Africa between Gaiseric and the Roman Empire (442). His family enjoyed extensive influence in the North African provinces, so he was best positioned to exert authority on behalf of the increasingly impoverished empire. As Weber concludes, \"Caecina Decius Acinatius Albinus could have exercised his patronage in Africa. He may have been among the last to do it.\"\n\nIn 446, Albinus received the title of patricius. How long he lived after his tenure as Praetorian prefect of Italy is unknown.\n\nNotes \n\n5th-century Romans\nCaecinae\nDecii\nImperial Roman consuls\nPatricii\nPraetorian prefects of Gaul\nPraetorian prefects of Italy", "Felicia Atkins (born 5 April 1937) is an Australian model. She was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for the April 1958 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Bruno Bernard and Bill Bridges.\n\nAtkins was a showgirl at the Tropicana Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, in their Las Vegas rendition of the \"Folies Bergère\", which is how she was discovered by Playboy. (The issue she was featured in had a Vegas theme.) She holds the record for the longest tenure in the Tropicana's long-running Folies-Bergère revue (19 years). She was the maid of honor at the marriage of Phillip Crosby, son of Bing Crosby, to fellow Tropicana showgirl Sandra Drummond, whilst she was dating Phillip's brother Gary Crosby.\n\nSee also\n List of people in Playboy 1953–1959\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1950s Playboy Playmates\n1930s births\nLiving people" ]

[ "Sam Brownback", "Tenure", "how long was his tenure?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Rev. Benjamin Rush Rhees ( 1860–1939) was the third president of the University of Rochester, serving from 1900 to 1935.\n\nEducation\n\nRhees, great-grandson of radical Baptist minister Morgan John Rhys, earned his undergraduate degrees from Amherst College where he was a member of Alpha Delta Phi. He graduated from the Hartford Theological Seminary and was ordained a Baptist minister.\n\nPresident of the University of Rochester\nHe served in the position from 1900 to 1935. When he arrived at the University, it had been without a president for four years.\n\nUnder his tenure, George Eastman became a donor to the University, contributing in the largest capacity the University had seen. The Eastman School of Music was begun during Rhees' tenure, as was the University's medical center and the College for Women (1902). Also during his tenure the Institute of Optics, the first such entity in the New World, was founded in 1929. Additionally, Rhees' administration was responsible for moving the campus from Prince Street to its current home on the River Campus (formerly Oak Hill golf course), with a groundbreaking in 1927.\n\nRush Rhees Library, the main academic library of the University of Rochester, established in 1930 was named after him, as during his tenure, the school went from a small college to a research university.\n\nFamily\nRhees and his wife Harriet Chapin Seelye (daughter of L. Clark Seelye) were the parents of Rush Rhees, a Wittgenstein scholar and one of the philosopher's literary executors.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nPresidents of the University of Rochester\n1860 births\n1939 deaths\nAmherst College alumni\nHartford Seminary alumni\nPeople from Chicago", "The Volksbühne (\"People's Theatre\") is a theater in Berlin. Located in Berlin's city center Mitte on Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz (Rosa Luxemburg Square) in what was the GDR's capital. It has been called Berlin's most iconic theatre.\n\nAbout \nThe Volksbühne was built during the years 1913 to 1914 and was designed by Oskar Kaufmann, with integrated sculpture by Franz Metzner. It opened on December 30, 1914 and has its origin in an organization known as the \"Freie Volksbühne\" (\"Free People's Theater\") founded in 1890 by Bruno Wille and Wilhelm Bölsche, which sketched out the vision for a theater \"of the people\" in 1892. The goal of the organization was to promote the naturalist plays of the day at prices accessible to the common worker. The original slogan inscribed on the edifice was \"Die Kunst dem Volke\" (\"Art to the people\"). During World War II, the theatre was heavily damaged like much of the rest of Berlin. From 1950 to 1954, it was rebuilt according to the design of architect Hans Richter.\n\nFrank Castorf became director in 1992. During his 25-year tenure, through mid 2017, the theater's ambitious, experimental productions, brought it worldwide recognition as a leading European venue.\n\nIn 2015 the City of Berlin announced that Castorf would be replaced by Chris Dercon in 2017, who himself resigned in April 2018 after what was considered by many to have been a commercially and artistically weak period for the theater.\n\nLeft-wing activists occupied the theater in September 2017.\n\nRené Pollesch was appointed to be a new director from 2021.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nOfficial Volksbühne website\n\nTheatres in Berlin\nBuildings and structures in Berlin\nRebuilt buildings and structures in Berlin" ]

[ "Sam Brownback", "Tenure", "how long was his tenure?", "I don't know.", "during his tenure what was his main goal.", "The Helsinki Commission monitors compliance with international agreements reached in cooperation with Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe." ]

[ "Thieto (6 April ? – after 942) was abbot of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Gall from 933 to 942.\n\nLife \nThe name Thieto appears many times both in the book of vows of Saint Gall and in the monks' registers of the books of fraternisation. Therefore one cannot say anything conclusive about his life before becoming abbot. During his tenure as abbot he is mentioned in documents twice; once in an undated document and once in a certificate by Otto I from 7 April 940, in which Thieto is granted immunity, suffrage and the right of inquisition (German: Inquisitionsrecht). Important for the rest of his tenure was the fire which was far more destructive than the Hungarians' invasion in 926 during the tenure of his predecessor Engilbert. The fire was started by a student and destroyed the majority of the complex. Thieto began reconstruction but did not finish it. He abdicated his office on 31 May 942.\n\nReferences \n\n10th-century deaths\nYear of birth unknown\nYear of death unknown\nAbbots of Saint Gall", "Boris Grigoryants (Russian: Борис Григорьянц) was a Turkmen football manager.\n\nNational team\nUnder him, Turkmenistan managed to accomplish qualification for the 2010 AFC Challenge Cup, winning all three consecutive games.\n\nWas replaced by young coach Yazguly Hojageldiyev in 2010.\n\nFK Asgabat\n\nDuring his 1-year tenure with FK Aşgabat, he routed Sri Lanka Army SC 5-1, topping their AFC President's Cup group before being subdued 2-1 by FC Dordoi Bishkek in the semi-final.\n\nHe died November 2, 2016.\n\nReferences\n\nTurkmenistan national football team managers\nTurkmenistan football managers\nTurkmenistan people of Armenian descent\nEthnic Armenian sportspeople\nSoviet Armenians\nSportspeople from Ashgabat\n1953 births\n2016 deaths" ]

[ "Sam Brownback", "Tenure", "how long was his tenure?", "I don't know.", "during his tenure what was his main goal.", "The Helsinki Commission monitors compliance with international agreements reached in cooperation with Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.", "did he accomplish anything else during his tenure?", "In 2000, Brownback and Congressman Chris Smith led the effort to enact the Trafficking Victims Protection Act." ]

[ "The 1947 Raisin Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Utah State Aggies and the San Jose State Spartans.\n\nBackground\nThe Aggies (their school was then known as Utah Agricultural) were co-champions of the Mountain States Conference with Denver, though they would be the one invited to play San Jose State in the Raisin Bowl in Fresno. The Spartans were an independent team, though they had eight victories under first year head coach Wilbur V. Hubbard. This was the first bowl game for either team.\n\nGame summary\nSan Jose State - Jackson 10 yd pass from Schemmel\nSan Jose State - Jackson 11 yd pass from Schemmel\nSan Jose State - Rhyne 2 yd run\n\nSubstitute halfback Bill Schembel threw a pass to quarterback Bill Jackson for a touchdown to open the scoring for the Spartans. Jackson returned the favor in the second half with a touchdown pass to Schembel. Bill Rhyne scored on a one-yard touchdown run to make it 20-0. The Aggies had the ball at the Spartan one in the first and fourth quarter, but they did not score, a consequence of having only 126 yards the entire game.\n\nAftermath\nThe Aggies did not reach a bowl game again until 1960. The Spartans returned to the Raisin Bowl two years later.\n\nStatistics\n\nReferences\n\nRaisin Bowl\nRaisin Bowl\nSan Jose State Spartans football bowl games\nUtah State Aggies football bowl games\nJanuary 1947 sports events\nRaisin Bowl", "The Anti-Lynching Bill of 1937, also known as the Gavagan-Wagner Act or Wagner-Gavagan Act, was a proposed anti-lynching legislation sponsored by Democrats Joseph A. Gavagan and Robert F. Wagner, both from New York. It was introduced in response to the failure of the U.S. Senate to pass the 1934–35 Costigan-Wagner Act.\n\nThe bill passed the United States House of Representatives with support from Republicans and Northern Democrats. It did not pass the Senate due to a filibuster by Texas liberal segregationist Tom Connally.\n\nReferences\n\nUnited States proposed federal legislation\nLynching in the United States\nAnti-lynching movement" ]

[ "Sam Brownback", "Tenure", "how long was his tenure?", "I don't know.", "during his tenure what was his main goal.", "The Helsinki Commission monitors compliance with international agreements reached in cooperation with Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.", "did he accomplish anything else during his tenure?", "In 2000, Brownback and Congressman Chris Smith led the effort to enact the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.", "did this bill pass?", "President Clinton signed the legislation in October 2000." ]

[ "The Anti-Lynching Bill of 1937, also known as the Gavagan-Wagner Act or Wagner-Gavagan Act, was a proposed anti-lynching legislation sponsored by Democrats Joseph A. Gavagan and Robert F. Wagner, both from New York. It was introduced in response to the failure of the U.S. Senate to pass the 1934–35 Costigan-Wagner Act.\n\nThe bill passed the United States House of Representatives with support from Republicans and Northern Democrats. It did not pass the Senate due to a filibuster by Texas liberal segregationist Tom Connally.\n\nReferences\n\nUnited States proposed federal legislation\nLynching in the United States\nAnti-lynching movement", "The United States federal government shutdown of 1980 was the first federal government shutdown in the United States. It occurred on May 1, 1980, and affected only the Federal Trade Commission for one day. Congress had allowed its funding to lapse as part of an effort to pass an authorization bill that would limit its powers, but the Carter Administration for the first time enforced a shutdown of a federal agency based on a new interpretation of the 1884 Antideficiency Act, causing new funding to be approved that evening. The shutdown caused the furlough of 1,600 employees and cost the government $700,000 (equal to $ million in ), mostly as a result of lost labor.\n\nBackground \n\nPrior to 1980, federal funding gaps caused by the expiration of appropriations legislation did not lead to government shutdowns. This was technically noncompliant with the Antideficiency Act, a law passed in 1884 that made it illegal to expend government funds without a Congressional appropriation under most circumstances, because it was believed that Congress did not intend the cessation of government services under these circumstances.\n\nOver the course of the 1970s, there were many funding lapses often caused by tangential issues. In the course of legislative research, a staffer for Representative Gladys Spellman came across the Antideficiency Act provisions, and Spellman contacted Comptroller General Elmer Staats for an opinion. Staats responded that \"we do not believe that the Congress intends that federal agencies be closed during periods of expired appropriations\". However, Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti overruled this on April 25, 1980, issuing an opinion that the Antideficiency Act did require agencies to shut down during a funding gap.\n\nShutdown \nOn May 1, 1980, five days after the Civiletti opinion was issued, funding for the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) expired, causing the first ever shutdown of a government agency due to a lapse in appropriations. The FTC was at the time being funded through its own appropriations legislation, and the shutdown did not affect any other agencies. Congressional members had delayed the funding extension, seeking to first pass an authorization bill that would limit the investigatory and rule-making powers of the FTC, which they, and businesses, had criticized for its aggressive monitoring of economic activity. They were surprised that a shutdown was actually enforced.\n\nA total of 1,600 workers were furloughed, and meetings and court dates were canceled. U.S. Marshals were dispatched to at least two FTC field offices to ensure that the facilities shut down. Confidential documents were turned over to federal security personnel to be put into storage, as it was believed that the agency might be without funding for a significant period of time; packing and unpacking of these documents added significantly to the expense of the shutdown.\n\nThe shutdown ended that evening, with the House approving an extension of funding 284–96, and the Senate 71–10. The shutdown was estimated to cost $700,000, of which $600,000 was for salaries. The shutdown occurred with the same party controlling the presidency and both houses of Congress, a situation that would not be repeated until the 2018 shutdown.\n\nAftermath \nCarter threatened to shut down the entire government if Congress did not pass appropriations legislation by the beginning of the next fiscal year on October 1, 1980, but this did not come to pass. Civiletti issued a revised opinion on January 18, 1981, that softened some aspects of the shutdown, allowing work that protects human safety or property to continue. A widespread government shutdown affecting more than one agency did occur for the first time during the Reagan administration, on November 23, 1981.\n\nReferences \n\nGovernment shutdowns in the United States\n96th United States Congress\n1980 in American politics\nPresidency of Jimmy Carter" ]

[ "Sam Brownback", "Tenure", "how long was his tenure?", "I don't know.", "during his tenure what was his main goal.", "The Helsinki Commission monitors compliance with international agreements reached in cooperation with Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.", "did he accomplish anything else during his tenure?", "In 2000, Brownback and Congressman Chris Smith led the effort to enact the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.", "did this bill pass?", "President Clinton signed the legislation in October 2000.", "Did he pass any other legislation?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Thad \"Pie\" Vann (September 22, 1907 – September 7, 1982) was an American football and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Southern Mississippi—known as Mississippi Southern College prior to 1962—from 1949 to 1968. During his tenure, he compiled a 139–59–2 record and helped transform Mississippi Southern into one of the nation's elite programs. His only losing season came in 1968, after 19 consecutive winning seasons. His 1953 team went 9–2, including a major upset against Alabama. His 1954 team went 6–4 and upset Alabama once again. He was also the head baseball coach at Mississippi Southern from 1948 to 1949, tallying a mark of 21–21. Van died on September 7, 1982, at Veterans Administration Hospital in Jackson, Mississippi, following long illness. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1987.\n\nHead coaching record\n\nFootball\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\n1907 births\n1982 deaths\nAmerican football tackles\nOle Miss Rebels football players\nSouthern Miss Golden Eagles baseball coaches\nSouthern Miss Golden Eagles football coaches\nCollege Football Hall of Fame inductees\nPeople from Magnolia, Mississippi", "Harry Otto Anderson Jr. (October 14, 1927 – February 28, 1997) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at San Jose State University from 1965 to 1968, compiling a record of 13–26. One of the highlights of his career was a 1968 upset victory against BYU in the season finale. During his tenure, he coached future National Football League (NFL) head coach Al Saunders.\n\nHead coaching record\n\nReferences\n\n1927 births\n1997 deaths\nSan Jose State Spartans football coaches\nPlayers of American football from Los Angeles\nCoaches of American football from California\nSports coaches from Los Angeles" ]