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[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Training and diet", "What is Lundgrens diet", "he ate a much higher percentage of protein and split his food intake between five or six smaller meals a day.", "why did he decide to do that", "after he arrived in the U.S. Stallone had a lasting influence on his fitness regime and diet," ]

[ "Dilbert Groundloop is a comic character conceived by Capt. Austin K. Doyle, USN and Lt. Cdr. Robert Osborn, USNR shortly after the Attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II.\n\nAn early aviator, he was used in training manuals, like Taxi Sense, and training posters for the United States Navy. Dilbert was specifically shown doing things that pilots shouldn't do with the terrible and comedic consequences of his actions illustrated for the benefit of future pilots. The Army counterpart was the better-known animated cartoon, Private Snafu [an acronym that means, Situation Normal: All Fouled Up], created by Theodor \"Seuss\" Geisel and Chuck Jones.\n\nThe Dilbert training materials received wide recognition by Navy personnel and others, due to Osborn's distinctive linear style.\n\nDespite this character's obscurity, his name lives on in Scott Adams' comic strip, Dilbert. While working at Pacific Bell, Adams had been drawing the character for some time, to liven up his Power Point presentations. Co-workers asked him who the character was, but he admitted he never thought of a name. Adams started a \"Name the Nerd\" contest, and got many suggestions, but none of them worked. Finally, one co-worker said, \"Dilbert\" [after the Navy character]. Adams declared this to be the winning entry, saying, \"It's not as if we were naming him, but that we discovered what his name already was.\"\n\nReferences\n\nFictional aviators\nFictional World War II veterans", "\"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" is a song written and recorded by American country singer-songwriter Bill Anderson. It was released as a single in December 1958 via Decca Records and became a major hit. A similar version was released by American country artist Ray Price the same year via Columbia Records.\n\nBill Anderson version\n\"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" was recorded at the Bradley Studio, located in Nashville, Tennessee. The sessions were produced by Owen Bradley, who would serve as Anderson's producer through most of years with Decca Records.\n\n\"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" was released as a single by Decca Records in December 1958. It spent a total of 17 weeks on the Billboard Hot Country and Western Sides chart before reaching number 12 in February 1959. It became Anderson's first major hit as a music artist and his first charting record. It was not first released on a proper album. However, seven years later, it appeared on his compilation From This Pen.\n\nTrack listings\n7\" vinyl single<ref>{{cite web |title=Bill Anderson -- That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" (1958, Vinyl) |url=https://www.discogs.com/Bill-Anderson-Thats-What-Its-Like-To-Be-Lonesome-The-Thrill-Of-My-Life/release/14241289 |website=Discogs |accessdate=21 July 2020}}</ref>\n \"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" – 2:30\n \"The Thrill of My Life\" – 2:25\n\nChart performance\n\nRay Price version\n\n\"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" was recorded at the Columbia Studio, located in Nashville, Tennessee. The sessions were produced by Don Law.\n\n\"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" was released as a single by Columbia Records in December 1958. It spent a total of 19 weeks on the Billboard'' Hot Country and Western Sides chart before reaching number 7 in February 1959. It was one of many top ten hits for Price on the Columbia label and was followed by several number one hits as well. It was not first released on a proper album.\n\nTrack listings\n7\" vinyl single\n \"That's What It's Like to Be Lonesome\" – 2:44\n \"Kissing Your Picture Is So Cold\" – 2:39\n\nChart performance\n\nReferences\n\n1958 singles\n1958 songs\nBill Anderson (singer) songs\nDecca Records singles\nColumbia Records singles\nSong recordings produced by Owen Bradley\nSongs written by Bill Anderson (singer)\nRay Price (musician) songs" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Training and diet", "What is Lundgrens diet", "he ate a much higher percentage of protein and split his food intake between five or six smaller meals a day.", "why did he decide to do that", "after he arrived in the U.S. Stallone had a lasting influence on his fitness regime and diet,", "what was his training like", "When in Los Angeles he trains at the Equinox Gym in Westwood and when at home in Marbella, Spain, he trains at the Qi Sport Gym in Puerto Banus." ]

[ "Rascal is an experimental domain specific language for metaprogramming, such as static code analysis, program transformation, program generation and implementation of domain specific languages. It is a general meta language in the sense that it does not have a bias for any particular software language. It includes primitives from relational calculus and term rewriting. Its syntax and semantics are based on procedural (imperative) and functional programming.\n\nSee also \n ASF+SDF\n Stratego/XT\n DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit\n ANTLR\n Source-to-source compiler\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n http://www.rascal-mpl.org\n\nTerm-rewriting programming languages\nExtensible syntax programming languages\nProgramming language implementation\nTransformation languages\nLanguage workbench", "Elizabeth Chong's Tiny Delights is a cooking series originally aired on Australian television in 2003. It follows renowned chef, Elizabeth Chong in her journeys around the culinary map of China. The program consists of Chong spending ten minutes talking about a specific place, the attractions and the 'tiny delights' engendered to the area, it then splits to the studio where she shows the audience how to make one of the 'tiny delights' from the area. She generally does four segments on the area and two tiny delights.\n\nExternal links\n\n https://web.archive.org/web/20060907094518/http://www.sbs.com.au/whatson/index.php3?progdate=21:07:2006\n\nSpecial Broadcasting Service original programming\nAustralian cooking television series\n2002 Australian television series debuts" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Training and diet", "What is Lundgrens diet", "he ate a much higher percentage of protein and split his food intake between five or six smaller meals a day.", "why did he decide to do that", "after he arrived in the U.S. Stallone had a lasting influence on his fitness regime and diet,", "what was his training like", "When in Los Angeles he trains at the Equinox Gym in Westwood and when at home in Marbella, Spain, he trains at the Qi Sport Gym in Puerto Banus.", "does he have a specific program he follows", "he claimed to often train up to six days a week, usually one-hour sessions completed in the morning, saying that \"it's just one hour a day," ]

[ "Saulo Sarmiento (born 13 August 1987) is a Spanish acrobat and pole dancer from the Canary Islands. He performed with Cirque du Soleil and has appeared on Britain's Got Talent and La France a un incroyable talent. He began gymnastics training at the age of 13.\n\nSarmiento speaks English, Spanish, and French. On fitness, Sarmiento reported to Queerty that he doesn't eat much before bed and mixes a cardio circuit with weights and yoga classes.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nLiving people\nAcrobats\nMale acrobatic gymnasts\n20th-century Spanish dancers\n21st-century Spanish dancers\nSpanish male dancers\nArtists from the Canary Islands\nBritain's Got Talent contestants\nParticipants in French reality television series\nSportspeople from the Canary Islands\nCirque du Soleil performers\n1987 births", "Cardio (from Greek καρδίᾱ kardia, 'heart') may refer to:\n\n Of the Heart\n Cardiology\n Cardiovascular system \n Aerobic exercise, also known as cardio\n Cardio (album), a 2010 album by Miguel Bosé\n\nSee also\n \n \n Physical exercise" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Training and diet", "What is Lundgrens diet", "he ate a much higher percentage of protein and split his food intake between five or six smaller meals a day.", "why did he decide to do that", "after he arrived in the U.S. Stallone had a lasting influence on his fitness regime and diet,", "what was his training like", "When in Los Angeles he trains at the Equinox Gym in Westwood and when at home in Marbella, Spain, he trains at the Qi Sport Gym in Puerto Banus.", "does he have a specific program he follows", "he claimed to often train up to six days a week, usually one-hour sessions completed in the morning, saying that \"it's just one hour a day,", "does he do weights or cardio", "Although he had begun lifting weights as a teenager, he cites co-star Sylvester Stallone as the man who got him into serious bodybuilding for a period in the 1980s" ]

[ "Mushbooh () is a food designation in Islam. Literally meaning \"doubtful\" or \"suspect,\" foods are labeled mushbooh when it is unclear whether they are Halal (consumption is permitted) or Haraam (haram) (consumption is prohibited).\n\nFor Islam, Mushbooh (Mashbooh) means doubtful or suspect. If one is not sure about the slaughtering process or the ingredients used while preparing the food, then those items are considered as Mushbooh.\n\nThere are few ingredients that can be prepared from animals or from plants as well; in that case, it is difficult for someone to understand if the food is Halal or Haram.\n\nIslamic laws always recommend people not to eat any Mushbooh foods in order to protect their religion.\n\nDiets\nReligion-based diets\nFood law\nIslamic cuisine", "The First Strike Ration (FSR) is a compact, eat-on-the move ration concept from the United States Army, designed to be consumed during the first 72 hours of conflict, created by the United States Army Soldier Systems Center in Natick, Massachusetts. The Army said the FSR substantially reduces weight and load and is intended to enhance a consumer's physical performance, mental acuity, and mobility.\n\nFeatures \nThe FSR is a new assault ration developed to provide mobile soldiers with a variety of foods that are lightweight, calorically dense, familiar, and which are more \"easy to consume\" than intermediate moisture foods.\n\n Enhanced mobility – components are described as \"familiar, performance-enhancing, eat-out-of-hand\" foods that require little or no preparation by the soldier. The beverages are reconstituted (CamelBak compatible) and consumed right out of the pouch. No water is needed for food preparation, only for the beverage mix. The food takes the form of pocket sandwiches to be eaten by hand.\n Lightweight – when compared to three Meals, Ready-to-Eat, the FSR reduces the weight and volume of one day's subsistence by approximately 50%.\n Characteristics – has a minimum two year shelf life at and provides an average of 2,900 calories per day. The FSR has nine meals per shipping container consisting of three each of three different menus up through 2010. Since 2011 there are 9 different meal combinations per shipping container.\n Meals – Each pouch contains items for a breakfast, lunch, and a dinner. Although there is no requirement to consume the items in any specific order. \n\nA current Menu 1 ration contains:\n\nFilled French Toast\nBacon Cheddar Breakfast Sandwich\nPepperoni Pocket Sandwich\nJalapeno Cheese Spread\nWheat Snack Bread\nDessert Bar, Peanut Butter\nFirst Strike Bar (HOOAH! Bar)\nBeef Snack, Teriyaki\nBeef Snack, BBQ\nSnack, Pretzels\nZapplesauce, Cinnamon\nNut Fruit Mix, Type III\nChocolate Protein Drink Mix\nBeverage Base Powder\nCaffeine Gum\nAccessory Package\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n First Strike Rations Menu\n First Strike Ration information at MREInfo.com\n\nMilitary food of the United States" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Training and diet", "What is Lundgrens diet", "he ate a much higher percentage of protein and split his food intake between five or six smaller meals a day.", "why did he decide to do that", "after he arrived in the U.S. Stallone had a lasting influence on his fitness regime and diet,", "what was his training like", "When in Los Angeles he trains at the Equinox Gym in Westwood and when at home in Marbella, Spain, he trains at the Qi Sport Gym in Puerto Banus.", "does he have a specific program he follows", "he claimed to often train up to six days a week, usually one-hour sessions completed in the morning, saying that \"it's just one hour a day,", "does he do weights or cardio", "Although he had begun lifting weights as a teenager, he cites co-star Sylvester Stallone as the man who got him into serious bodybuilding for a period in the 1980s", "Are there any foods he doesn't eat", "Lundgren is not a heavy drinker, but has professed on many occasions to being fond of tequila and cocktails," ]

[ "Forever Young is Kaysha's album released 2009.\n\nTrack list\n\n Anti Bad Music Police\n Be With You\n Digital Sexyness\n Duro\n Fanta & Avocado\n Forever Young Intro\n Funky Makaku\n Glorious Beautiful\n Heaven\n Hey Girl\n I Give You the Music\n I Still Love You\n Joachim\n Kota Na Piste\n Les Belles Histoires D'amour\n Love You Need You\n Loving and Kissing\n Make More Dollars\n Nobody Else\n On Veut Juste Danser\n Once Again\n Outro\n Paradisio / Inferno\n Pour Toujours\n Pure\n Si Tu T'en Vas\n Simple Pleasures\n Tell Me What We Waiting For\n That African Shit\n The Sweetest Thing\n The Way You Move\n Toi Et Moi\n U My Bb\n Yes You Can\n You + Me\n You're My Baby Girl\n\n2009 albums", "\"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" is the title of a number-one R&B single by singer Tevin Campbell. To date, the single is Campbell's biggest hit peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and spending one week at number-one on the US R&B chart. The hit song is also Tevin's one and only Adult Contemporary hit, where it peaked at number 43. The song showcases Campbell's four-octave vocal range from a low note of E2 to a D#6 during the bridge of the song.\n\nTrack listings\nUS 7\" vinyl\nA \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (edit) – 4:16\t\nB \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (instrumental) – 5:00\n\n12\" vinyl\nA \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (edit) – 4:16\t\nB \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (album version) – 5:02\n\nUK CD\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" – 4:16\n \"Goodbye\" (7\" Remix Edit) – 3:48\n \"Goodbye\" (Sidub and Listen) – 4:58\n \"Goodbye\" (Tevin's Dub Pt 1 & 2) – 6:53\n\nJapan CD\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" – 4:10\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (instrumental version) – 4:10\n\nGermany CD\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (edit) – 4:10\n \"Just Ask Me\" (featuring Chubb Rock) – 4:07\n \"Tomorrow\" (A Better You, Better Me) – 4:46\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nSee also\nList of number-one R&B singles of 1992 (U.S.)\n\nReferences\n\nTevin Campbell songs\n1991 singles\n1991 songs\nSongs written by Tevin Campbell\nSongs written by Narada Michael Walden\nSong recordings produced by Narada Michael Walden\nWarner Records singles\nContemporary R&B ballads\nPop ballads\nSoul ballads\n1990s ballads" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Training and diet", "What is Lundgrens diet", "he ate a much higher percentage of protein and split his food intake between five or six smaller meals a day.", "why did he decide to do that", "after he arrived in the U.S. Stallone had a lasting influence on his fitness regime and diet,", "what was his training like", "When in Los Angeles he trains at the Equinox Gym in Westwood and when at home in Marbella, Spain, he trains at the Qi Sport Gym in Puerto Banus.", "does he have a specific program he follows", "he claimed to often train up to six days a week, usually one-hour sessions completed in the morning, saying that \"it's just one hour a day,", "does he do weights or cardio", "Although he had begun lifting weights as a teenager, he cites co-star Sylvester Stallone as the man who got him into serious bodybuilding for a period in the 1980s", "Are there any foods he doesn't eat", "Lundgren is not a heavy drinker, but has professed on many occasions to being fond of tequila and cocktails,", "what else can you tell me about his diet", "In a January 2011 interview with GQ he announced he is working on releasing his own range of vitamins and supplements." ]

[ "Prenatal vitamins, also known as prenatal supplements, are vitamin and mineral supplements intended to be taken before and during pregnancy and during postnatal lactation. Although not intended to replace a healthy diet, prenatal vitamins provide women of childbearing age with nutrients recognized by the various health organizations including the American Dietetic Association as helpful for a healthy pregnancy outcome. It may be appropriate to start taking prenatal vitamins once the woman enters childbearing age.\nPrenatal vitamins are similar to other multivitamins but do contain different amounts of specific nutrients to better suit the needs of an expecting mother.\n\nCustomizations\nVitamins and minerals such as folic acid, calcium, and iron are in higher concentrations, while nutrients such as vitamin A are reduced to reflect the current understanding of the role that these compounds play in fetal development.\n\nThe increased dosage of folic acid or folates reflects the American Dietetic Associations position that women should consume \"400 μg per day of synthetic folic acid from fortified foods (cereals and other grains), supplements or both, in addition to consuming folate from foods in a varied diet.\" Taking the appropriate amount of folic acid before conception can reduce or prevent the incidence of neural tube defects by as much as 70%. The recommendation to start folic acid before conception is supported by a meta-analysis of 41 studies, but is beneficial after conception as well. Often prenatal vitamins also have a reduced dosage of vitamins that may be detrimental to the fetus when taken in high doses (such as vitamin A).\n\nMany prenatal manufacturers have chosen to include the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in their product, either as an ingredient in the formula or as a complementary softgel. Although explicitly in many formulas to support neural development, the omega-3 fatty acids are used by both mother and fetus to create the phospholipid bilayer that makes up cell membranes.\n\nL-arginine has tentative evidence of benefit in reducing intrauterine growth restriction.\n\nSide effects\nMany women have difficulty tolerating prenatal vitamins or experience constipation as a result of the high iron content. Due to tolerance challenges, the prenatal vitamin industry has developed a multitude of dosage forms to meet the needs and tolerances of expecting mothers. The most common form of prenatal vitamin is the compressed tablet which is available through all channels and at various quality levels. Category leaders utilize this as the dosage form of choice. Other organizations within the category offer products in a variety of dosage forms such as liquids, prenatal vitamin soft chews, vitamin chewables, and even jellied prenatal vitamins.\n\nAvailability\nPrenatal vitamins are available both over the counter in retail stores as well as by prescription from medical professionals. Although prescription vitamins are often covered by insurance, the relative potency of prescription-grade products are typically not significantly different from those available through retail. Differences in prescription versus retail vitamins do however exist in consistency and quality level, as well as the relative bioavailability of some specific ingredients. For example, many prescription prenatal vitamins will contain a more bioavailable form of folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF). Doses of folic acid over 1 mg are prescription only. The amount of non-prescription prenatal vitamins needed to achieve this dose may have too much vitamin A and lead to fetal toxicity.\n\nReferences\n\nVitamins\nHealth issues in pregnancy", "The health freedom movement is a libertarian coalition that opposes regulation of health practices and advocates for increased access to \"non-traditional\" health care.\n\nThe right-wing John Birch Society has been a prominent advocate for health freedom since at least the 1970s, and the specific term \"health freedom movement\" has been used in the United States since the 1990s.\n\nVitamins and supplements have been exempted in the US from regulations requiring evidence of safety and efficacy, largely due to the activism of health freedom advocates. The belief that supplements and vitamins can demonstrably improve health or longevity and that there are no negative consequences from their use, is not widely accepted in the medical community. Very rarely, large doses of some vitamins lead to vitamin poisoning (hypervitaminosis).\n\nRoots and support base\nHealth freedom is a libertarian position not aligned to the conventional left/right political axis. Libertarian Republican Congressman Ron Paul introduced the Health Freedom Protection Act in the U.S. House of Representatives in 2005.\n\nProminent celebrity supporters of the movement include the musician Sir Paul McCartney, who says that people \"have a right to buy legitimate health food supplements\" and that \"this right is now clearly under threat,\" and the pop star/actress Billie Piper, who joined a march in London in 2003 to protest planned EU legislation to ban high dosage vitamin supplements.\n\nLegislation\n\nUnited States\nThe Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) defines supplements as foods and thus permits marketing unless the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proves that it poses significant or unreasonable risk of harm rather than requiring the manufacturer to prove the supplement’s safety or efficacy. The Food and Drug Administration can take action only if the producers make medical claims about their products or if consumers of the products become seriously ill.\n\nAn October 2002 nationwide Harris poll showed that, at that time, consumers still had widespread confusion about the differences between supplements and pharmaceuticals. Here, 59% of respondents believed that supplements had to be approved by a government agency before they could be marketed; 68% believed that supplements had to list potential side effects on their labels; and 55% believed that supplement labels could not make claims of safety without scientific evidence. All of these beliefs are incorrect as a result of provisions of the DSHEA.\n\nA law in the U.S. State of Virginia allows teenagers 14 or older and their parents the right to refuse medical treatments for ailments such as cancer, and to seek alternative treatments so long as they have considered all other medical options, presented as \"significant for health freedom in Virginia.\"\n\nEurope\nIn Europe, health freedom movement writers and campaigners believe that European Union (EU) laws such as the Food Supplements Directive and the Human Medicinal Products (Pharmaceuticals) Directive will reduce their access to food supplements and herbal \"medicines\". European health food producers, retailers and consumers have been vocal in protesting against this legislation, with the health freedom movement inviting supporters to \"Stop Brussels from killing natural medicine\". Euro-MPs were accosted by activists handing out a propaganda video accusing five European commissioners of corruptly colluding with big pharmaceutical firms in an attempt to destroy the alternative network of homeopathic and \"natural medicines\", though it emerged that most homeopathic practice in the UK has been illegal for some years and proposed European regulatory changes do not materially affect this.\n\nIn 2004, the Alliance for Natural Health (ANH) and two British trade associations introduced a legal challenge to the Food Supplements Directive referred to the European Court of Justice by the High Court in London. European judges found the restrictions to be legal but stated that there must be clear procedures to allow substances to be added to the permitted list based on scientific evidence. They also said that any refusal to add a product to the list must be open to challenge in the courts. Some media observers believe that, as a result of this legislation, a black market will emerge, and that controls over ingredients and quality will vanish.\n\nConspiracy theories\nHealth freedom-orientated writers and campaigners tend to see restrictive legislation on supplements as being designed to protect the interests of the pharmaceutical industry. If herbal medicines and supplements are removed from sale, they argue, patients will have no alternative but to use conventional pharmaceutical medicines.\n\nPharmacist and skeptical writer Scott Gavura notes that the reverse is more often true, and that \"governments around the world have consistently given manufacturers the upper hand, prioritizing a company’s desire to sell a product over a consumer’s right to a marketplace with safe, effective products\". In particular, the US Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act permitted existing supplements to be marketed without any evidence that they are effective or safe, and for new supplement ingredients required only that a new ingredient \"should be safe\". This has resulted in a number of serious incidents including adulteration with synthetic drugs.\n\nCodex Alimentarius Commission\nThe health-freedom movement vehemently opposes the Guidelines for Vitamin and Mineral Food Supplements, adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission as a voluntary standard at its meeting in Rome in July 2005, which includes requirements for the packaging and labelling of vitamin and mineral supplements. The text specifies that \"supplements should contain vitamins/provitamins and minerals whose nutritional value for human beings has been proven by scientific data and whose status as vitamins and minerals is recognised by FAO and WHO.\" In addition, it states that the \"sources of vitamins and minerals may be either natural or synthetic\" and that \"their selection should be based on considerations such as safety and bioavailability.\"\n\nThe United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) have stated that the guidelines are a consumer protection measure \"to stop consumers overdosing on vitamin and mineral food supplements.\" The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) has said that the guidelines call \"for labelling that contains information on maximum consumption levels of vitamin and mineral food supplements.\" The WHO has also said that the Guidelines \"ensure that consumers receive beneficial health effects from vitamins and minerals.\"\n\nOrganizations and campaigners\n\nUSA and the Americas\n\nThe Weston A. Price Foundation (WAPF), co-founded in 1999 by Sally Fallon (Morell) and nutritionist Mary G. Enig (PhD), is a U.S. 501(c)(3) non-profit organization active in the United States raw milk debate.\n\nThe National Health Federation (NHF) is an international non-profit organization founded in January 1955, which describes its mission as protecting individuals' rights to use dietary supplements and alternative therapies without government restriction. The NHF also opposes interventions such as water fluoridation and childhood vaccines. The Federation has official observer status at meetings of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the highest international body on food standards. Based in California, the Federation's board members include medical doctors, scientists, therapists and consumer advocates of natural health; and it is the only health-freedom organization with Codex credentials permitting it to participate actively at Codex Alimentarius meetings.\n\nEurope\n\nThe Alliance for Natural Health (ANH) is an advocacy group founded in 2002 by Robert Verkerk and based in the United Kingdom. The ANH was initially founded to raise funds to finance a legal challenge of the EU Food Supplement Directive. The ANH lobbies against regulation of dietary supplements and in favor of alternative medical approaches such as homeopathy, and also advocates a healthy diet, exercise, and other lifestyle approaches to health. Verkerk rejects scientific research showing that megadoses of vitamins lack any health benefit.\n\nIndividual campaigners\n\nThe health freedom movement includes proponents such as Gary Null, Dr Joseph Mercola and convicted fraudster Kevin Trudeau.\n\nSee also\n Codex Alimentarius\n Megavitamin therapy\n Naturopathic medicine\n Orthomolecular medicine\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n United States Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994\n European Union Food Supplements Directive, 2002\n Codex Guidelines for Vitamin and Mineral Food Supplements, 2005\n\nAlternative medicine\nDenialism" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Training and diet", "What is Lundgrens diet", "he ate a much higher percentage of protein and split his food intake between five or six smaller meals a day.", "why did he decide to do that", "after he arrived in the U.S. Stallone had a lasting influence on his fitness regime and diet,", "what was his training like", "When in Los Angeles he trains at the Equinox Gym in Westwood and when at home in Marbella, Spain, he trains at the Qi Sport Gym in Puerto Banus.", "does he have a specific program he follows", "he claimed to often train up to six days a week, usually one-hour sessions completed in the morning, saying that \"it's just one hour a day,", "does he do weights or cardio", "Although he had begun lifting weights as a teenager, he cites co-star Sylvester Stallone as the man who got him into serious bodybuilding for a period in the 1980s", "Are there any foods he doesn't eat", "Lundgren is not a heavy drinker, but has professed on many occasions to being fond of tequila and cocktails,", "what else can you tell me about his diet", "In a January 2011 interview with GQ he announced he is working on releasing his own range of vitamins and supplements.", "what will the vitamins and supplements do", "Looking like a man in his 30s rather than his 50s, Lundgren is the poster boy of precise nutrition, supplementation and exercise application" ]

[ "Forever Young is Kaysha's album released 2009.\n\nTrack list\n\n Anti Bad Music Police\n Be With You\n Digital Sexyness\n Duro\n Fanta & Avocado\n Forever Young Intro\n Funky Makaku\n Glorious Beautiful\n Heaven\n Hey Girl\n I Give You the Music\n I Still Love You\n Joachim\n Kota Na Piste\n Les Belles Histoires D'amour\n Love You Need You\n Loving and Kissing\n Make More Dollars\n Nobody Else\n On Veut Juste Danser\n Once Again\n Outro\n Paradisio / Inferno\n Pour Toujours\n Pure\n Si Tu T'en Vas\n Simple Pleasures\n Tell Me What We Waiting For\n That African Shit\n The Sweetest Thing\n The Way You Move\n Toi Et Moi\n U My Bb\n Yes You Can\n You + Me\n You're My Baby Girl\n\n2009 albums", "\"Don't Tell Me\" is the debut solo single recorded by Australian singer Ruel and produced by Grammy award-winner M-Phazes . The song was released in July 2017 and peaked at number 86 on the ARIA Chart in August 2017. The song is a musical declaration of his self-assurance. And he wrote it about committing sins and not even being Christian, and dating and falling in love at age 12 after his sisters mocked him and his parents said he was too young to fall in love.\n\nIn September 2017, Elton John played the song on BBC Radio 1, saying “From Australia, this is a 14 year old boy ... with an amazing track. It's astonishing someone so young can write something so good. I give up.” After the song faded, John added “Amazing record. Wow. All I can say about that is, we'll be playing more of him, I hope.” \n\nThe music video was released on 19 April 2018.\n\nBackground\nRuel wrote the song when he was 12 years old and was inspired by an evening spent sitting at the dinner table telling his parents and siblings about a girl he had a crush on. Ruel explained “My whole family was like, ‘Ruel, you don't know what you're talking about, you're way too young to think about that sort of stuff,‘ and that really frustrated me. I thought ‘they can't tell me how to feel’, so I wrote a song about it. I never thought it would lead to all of this.” The then 12 year old high school dropout later took matters into his own hands and argued in that song that love is NOT a choice.\n\nReception\nMike Wass from Idolator said \"[the] emotional vocal commands your attention from the opening line and he displays the songwriting maturity of a veteran.\" adding it \"reeks of quality.\" \nNastassia Baroni from Music Feeds said \"With defiant lyrics and uplifting M-Phazes-led production, the tender and soulful \"Don’t Tell Me\" makes clear Ruel is forging a path ahead for himself.\"\n\nauspOp said \"\"Don't Tell Me\" oozes class. It’s overflowing with soul and seriously, it's one of the songs of 2017.\" later adding \"[it's] staggeringly good; beautifully vocalled, impassioned and laced with nuances that are way beyond Ruel’s tender years. It’s astonishing to contemplate that, if he’s this good at just 14, where’s he going to be in five or ten years from now?\" \nNic Kelly from Project U called Ruel \"the boy with the absurdly brilliant voice\" and said the song \"has the piano work of a Meg Mac song and the structure of Rag'n'Bone Man on a good day.\" calling it \"Amazing.\"\n\nTrack listing\nOne-track single \n \"Don't Tell Me\" - 4:01\n\nDigital remixes \n \"Don't Tell Me\" - 4:01 \n \"Don't Tell Me\" (acoustic) - 4:01 \n \"Don't Tell Me\" (Jarami remix) - 3:08 \n \"Don't Tell Me\" (Jerry Folk remix) - 3:28 \n \"Don't Tell Me\" (IAMNOBODI remix) - 4:01\n\nCharts\n\nCertifications\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n \n\n2017 singles\n2017 songs\nRuel (singer) songs\nRCA Records singles\nSongs written by M-Phazes\nSongs written by Ruel (singer)" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Training and diet", "What is Lundgrens diet", "he ate a much higher percentage of protein and split his food intake between five or six smaller meals a day.", "why did he decide to do that", "after he arrived in the U.S. Stallone had a lasting influence on his fitness regime and diet,", "what was his training like", "When in Los Angeles he trains at the Equinox Gym in Westwood and when at home in Marbella, Spain, he trains at the Qi Sport Gym in Puerto Banus.", "does he have a specific program he follows", "he claimed to often train up to six days a week, usually one-hour sessions completed in the morning, saying that \"it's just one hour a day,", "does he do weights or cardio", "Although he had begun lifting weights as a teenager, he cites co-star Sylvester Stallone as the man who got him into serious bodybuilding for a period in the 1980s", "Are there any foods he doesn't eat", "Lundgren is not a heavy drinker, but has professed on many occasions to being fond of tequila and cocktails,", "what else can you tell me about his diet", "In a January 2011 interview with GQ he announced he is working on releasing his own range of vitamins and supplements.", "what will the vitamins and supplements do", "Looking like a man in his 30s rather than his 50s, Lundgren is the poster boy of precise nutrition, supplementation and exercise application", "what else can you tell me about why he looks so young", "Lundgren is the poster boy of precise nutrition, supplementation and exercise application that he has practiced for over 35 years.\"" ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Training and diet", "What is Lundgrens diet", "he ate a much higher percentage of protein and split his food intake between five or six smaller meals a day.", "why did he decide to do that", "after he arrived in the U.S. Stallone had a lasting influence on his fitness regime and diet,", "what was his training like", "When in Los Angeles he trains at the Equinox Gym in Westwood and when at home in Marbella, Spain, he trains at the Qi Sport Gym in Puerto Banus.", "does he have a specific program he follows", "he claimed to often train up to six days a week, usually one-hour sessions completed in the morning, saying that \"it's just one hour a day,", "does he do weights or cardio", "Although he had begun lifting weights as a teenager, he cites co-star Sylvester Stallone as the man who got him into serious bodybuilding for a period in the 1980s", "Are there any foods he doesn't eat", "Lundgren is not a heavy drinker, but has professed on many occasions to being fond of tequila and cocktails,", "what else can you tell me about his diet", "In a January 2011 interview with GQ he announced he is working on releasing his own range of vitamins and supplements.", "what will the vitamins and supplements do", "Looking like a man in his 30s rather than his 50s, Lundgren is the poster boy of precise nutrition, supplementation and exercise application", "what else can you tell me about why he looks so young", "Lundgren is the poster boy of precise nutrition, supplementation and exercise application that he has practiced for over 35 years.\"", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "He wrote an autobiographical fitness book," ]

[ "A law book is a book about law.\n\nIt is possible to make a distinction between \"law books\" on the one hand, and \"books about law\" on the other. This distinction is \"useful\". A law book is \"a work of legal doctrine\". It consists of \"law talk\", that is to say, propositions of law.\n\"The first duty of a law book is to state the law as it is, truly and accurately, and then the reason or principle for it as far as it is known\". The \"first requisite in a law-book is perfect accuracy\". A \"law book is supposed to state what the law is rather than what it is not\". \"One great desideratum in a law book is facility of reference\".\n\nA \"list of law books and related materials\" is a legal bibliography.\n\nSee also\n Legal treatise\n Law dictionary\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\n Lawrence M Friedman and Stewart Macaulay (editors). Law and the Behavioural Sciences. Second Edition. Bobbs-Merill. 1977. Pages 21 to 26.\n Twining, William. Blackstone's Tower: The English Law School. The Hamlyn Lectures Forty-Sixth Series. Published under the auspices of the Hamlyn Trust. Sweet & Maxwell. Stevens & Sons. London. 1994. . Chapters 1 and 5. Digitized copy from the University of Exeter.\n\nLaw books", "What Liberal Media?: The Truth About Bias and the News is a book by columnist Eric Alterman that challenges the widespread conservative belief in a liberal media bias. Alterman argues that the media, as a whole, is not biased liberally, but conservatively.\n\nCritical response\nThe Los Angeles Times called the book, \"A well-documented, even-tempered and witty answer, I might say antidote, to such toxic recent bestsellers as Bernard Goldberg's 'Bias.'\"\n\nTed Widmer of the New York Times Book Review said \"'What Liberal Media' is bold, counterintuitive and cathartic\".\n\nThe New Yorker said of the book, \"A polemic is nothing without passion, and Alterman's argumentative vigor is engaging [and]... the meticulous care with which his arguments are sourced and footnoted is in commendable contrast to the efforts of some of his more fire-breathing opponents.\"\n\nSee also\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe book section on the author's website\n\n2003 non-fiction books\nBooks about media bias" ]

[ "Dolph Lundgren", "Training and diet", "What is Lundgrens diet", "he ate a much higher percentage of protein and split his food intake between five or six smaller meals a day.", "why did he decide to do that", "after he arrived in the U.S. Stallone had a lasting influence on his fitness regime and diet,", "what was his training like", "When in Los Angeles he trains at the Equinox Gym in Westwood and when at home in Marbella, Spain, he trains at the Qi Sport Gym in Puerto Banus.", "does he have a specific program he follows", "he claimed to often train up to six days a week, usually one-hour sessions completed in the morning, saying that \"it's just one hour a day,", "does he do weights or cardio", "Although he had begun lifting weights as a teenager, he cites co-star Sylvester Stallone as the man who got him into serious bodybuilding for a period in the 1980s", "Are there any foods he doesn't eat", "Lundgren is not a heavy drinker, but has professed on many occasions to being fond of tequila and cocktails,", "what else can you tell me about his diet", "In a January 2011 interview with GQ he announced he is working on releasing his own range of vitamins and supplements.", "what will the vitamins and supplements do", "Looking like a man in his 30s rather than his 50s, Lundgren is the poster boy of precise nutrition, supplementation and exercise application", "what else can you tell me about why he looks so young", "Lundgren is the poster boy of precise nutrition, supplementation and exercise application that he has practiced for over 35 years.\"", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "He wrote an autobiographical fitness book,", "what is the book about", "Train Like an Action Hero: Be Fit Forever," ]

[ "Summa Theologica is a theological work written by Francesc Eiximenis in Latin possibly at the beginning of the 15th century. It belongs to the genre of the summae, that represented the highest point of the medieval theological thought.\n\nDiscovery\nOnly some parts have been preserved. They were found in the archive of the cathedral of Valencia by the Valencian Franciscan León Amorós. He also transcribed them and published them in the review Archivum Franciscanum Historicum in 1959.\n\nContent of the preserved part\nThe most important part deals with predestination. Eiximenis' aim was to write about it in the Fourth Book of the Christian (this book was projected but not written). The other matters of the preserved parts are the following:\n\n Quid est suppositum (What supposition is).\n Quid est persona (What person is).\n Quid est persona secundum Ricardum (What person is according to Richard (Richard of Saint Victor).\n Quid demonstratio propter quid (What demonstration is according to the cause).\n Quid demonstratio quia (What demonstration is why).\n Quomodo Deus sit intelligibilis (How God is comprehensible).\n De lumine (About the light).\n De prescientia Dei (About God's prescience).\n\nDate\nLeón Amorós arrives to the conclusion that this Summa was written at the same time as the Vida de Jesucrist (Jesus Christ's life), owing to the constant references that in this work are made to the Summa, and owing to the fact that the references to the Summa only appear in the Vida de Jesucrist, and not in any other of Eiximenis' work. And the Vida de Jesucrist was concluded by Eiximenis at the beginning of the 15th century.\n\nContent and hypothetical structure\nConsidering the references that are made in the Vida de Jesucrist, L. Amorós deduces this hypothetical content and structure:\n\n The first book would deal with the Four Evangelists. \n The second book would deal with predestination. \n The third book is not mentioned anywhere. \n The fourth book is mentioned thrice. The first one deals with Christ's circumcision. Another one speaks about the influence of stars in men. And another one is about angels. Eiximenis had already dealt with angels in his Llibre dels àngels (Book of angels). \n The fifth book would deal with the Immaculate Conception. \n The sixth book would deal with the Gospel. \n The seventh book is mentioned regarding the matter of Christ's circumcision again.\n\nThere is another reference, but without specifying the book, to the sacrament of baptism. And finally chapter 53 of the 7th treatise of the Vida de Jesucrist refers to the Summa Theologica, but without specifying a concrete book regarding the matter of usury (Valencia. BUV. Ms. 209, f. 200r).\n\nAccording to these data L. Amorós deduces that this summa would consist in seven books.\n\nDigital editions\nEdition in the NARPAN Electronic Library.\nThe Summa Theologica inside Eiximenis' complete works (in Catalan and Latin).\n\nReferences\n\n15th-century Latin books\nFrancesc Eiximenis\nChristian theology books\nScholasticism", "Gunslinger is the title of a long poem in six parts by Ed Dorn.\n\nHistory\nBook I was first published in 1968, Book II in 1969, The Cycle ('Book 2 1/2') in 1971, The Winterbook (Book III) in 1972, Bean News (Gunslinger's 'secret book') in 1972, and 'Book IIII' as part of the complete Slinger (minus Bean News) in 1975. Gunslinger is Dorn's best-known work, and widely considered his most important.\n\nSummary\nThe gunslinger is a long form political poem about a demigod cowboy, a saloon madam, and a talking horse named Claude Levi-Strauss, who travel the Southwest in search of Howard Hughes.\n\nThe conversation stream of the poem is constantly interrupted. Dorn mixes the jargon of drug addicts, Westerners, and others to reflect the jumble of American speech. He seems to intentionally frustrate the reader; syntax is ambiguous, punctuation is sparse, and puns, homonyms, and nonsense words become an integral part of conversation.\n\nReferences\n \n\n1968 poems\nAmerican poems" ]

[ "Jean-Philippe Rameau", "Rameau and his librettists" ]

[ "Louis de Cahusac (6 April 1706 – 22 June 1759) was an 18th-century French playwright and librettist, and Freemason, most famous for his work with the composer Jean-Philippe Rameau. He provided the libretti for several of Rameau's operas, namely Les fêtes de l'Hymen et de l'Amour (1747), Zaïs (1748), Naïs (1749), Zoroastre (1749; revised 1756), La naissance d'Osiris (1754), and Anacréon (the first of Rameau's operas by that name, 1754). He is also credited with writing the libretto of Rameau's final work, Les Boréades (c. 1763). Cahusac contributed to the Encyclopédie and was the lover of Marie Fel.\n\nIn 1754, he published La Danse ancienne et moderne ou Traité historique de la danse (The Hague, Jean Neaulme).\n\nAmong Rameau's librettists, he was the one whose collaboration lasted the longest; the composer had a very bad character and he was also stingy. Only Cahusac managed to work with him permanently.\n\nSources \nCuthbert Girdlestone Jean-Philippe Rameau: His Life and Work (Dover paperback edition, 1969)\nThe New Grove French Baroque Masters ed. Graham Sadler (Grove/Macmillan, 1988)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Louis de Cahusac on Data.bnf.fr\n\nPeople from Montauban\n1706 births\n1759 deaths\n18th-century French dramatists and playwrights\nContributors to the Encyclopédie (1751–1772)\nFrench male dramatists and playwrights\nFrench ballet librettists\nFrench opera librettists\nFrench male non-fiction writers\n18th-century French male writers", "Marie Červinková-Riegrová (9 August 1854 in Prague – 19 January 1895 in Prague) was a Czech writer.\n\nShe wrote the libretto Dimitrij for Karel Šebor, but then offered it to Antonín Dvořák who set it to music in 1881.\n\nReferences\n\n1854 births\n1895 deaths\nCzech women writers\nWomen opera librettists\nWriters from Prague\n19th-century women writers\n19th-century Czech writers\nCzech opera librettists\n19th-century Czech dramatists and playwrights" ]

[ "Jean-Philippe Rameau", "Rameau and his librettists", "Who were the librettists?", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)", "\"What Would Steve Do?\" is the second single released by Mumm-Ra on Columbia Records, which was released on February 19, 2007. It is a re-recorded version of the self-release they did in April 2006. It reached #40 in the UK Singles Chart, making it their highest charting single.\n\nTrack listings\nAll songs written by Mumm-Ra.\n\nCD\n\"What Would Steve Do?\"\n\"Cute As\"\n\"Without You\"\n\n7\"\n\"What Would Steve Do?\"\n\"What Would Steve Do? (Floorboard Mix)\"\n\nGatefold 7\"\n\"What Would Steve Do?\"\n\"Cute As\"\n\nReferences\n\n2007 singles\nMumm-Ra (band) songs\n2006 songs\nColumbia Records singles" ]

[ "Jean-Philippe Rameau", "Rameau and his librettists", "Who were the librettists?", "I don't know.", "What did they do?", "He was highly demanding and bad-tempered, unable to maintain longstanding partnerships with his librettists, with the exception of Louis de Cahusac," ]

[ "Harald the Younger (from \"Herioldus iunior\", how he is named in the Annales Xantenses) was a Viking leader and a member of the Danish royal family. He has sometimes been mistakenly identified with Harald Klak, who was in fact his uncle and probable namesake. His brother was Rorik of Dorestad. \n\nIn 841 the Emperor Lothair I granted the isle of Walcheren to Harald and his brother as a fief (beneficium) rewarding him for the attacks he had launched against Lothair's father, Louis the Pious, during the civil wars of the 830s. Since at the time Harald was a pagan, whereas the population of Walcheren was Christian, this incident is probably the basis for the contemporary historian Nithard's claim that Lothair placed a Christian population in submission to a group of Northmen and gave them licence to plunder the Christian territories of his enemies in the same year. Between 840 and 843 Lothair was engaged in a civil war with his brothers Louis the German and Charles the Bald, and Nithard records that Harald was present in his army in 842. Not long thereafter Harald died and his brother was forced to flee to the court of Louis the German, where he spent several years. \n\nAlthough later sources unambiguously describe Harald as a pagan—Prudentius of Troyes, author of the Annales Bertiniani, regarded him as a \"persecutor of the Christian faith and a demon-worshipper\" and his receipt of a benefice as an \"utterly detestable crime\"—he may have been baptised as a young man at the imperial court. Harald Klak and his family, perhaps including Harald, were baptised at Mainz in 826, with Lothair standing as godfather. Harald's son Godfrid Haraldsson and one of his nephews remained at the imperial court even after the elder Harald left. Since Godfrid remained allied with Lothair until the mid-840s, it is possible that Harald was his cousin who remained with Lothair after 826 and began raiding Louis the Pious's Frisian lands in 834.\n\nNotes\n\n840s deaths\nViking rulers\nYear of birth unknown\n9th-century Vikings", "Deon Moses Long (born June 14, 1991) is a former American football player. He played college football at Maryland his junior and senior years after brief stops at West Virginia, New Mexico and Iowa Western. He was signed by the Tennessee Titans as an undrafted free agent in 2015 and was with the St. Louis Rams from 2015 until 2016.\n\nEarly life\n\nLong attended Dunbar High School in Washington DC, where he was a letterman in football, and track and field. Rated as a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Long was listed as the No. 45 Wide Receiver prospect of the class of 2009. While attending at Dunbar, he was teammates with future Indianapolis Colts Cornerback, Vontae Davis , Jacksonville Jaguars Wide Receiver Arrelious Benn and New Orleans Saints Linebacker Nate Bussey.\n\nIn track & field, Long recorded a personal best of 10.83 seconds in the 100 meters. He was also a member of the 4 × 100 m (44.26s) relay squad.\n\nProfessional career\n\nTennessee Titans\nAfter going unselected in the 2015 NFL Draft, Long signed with the Tennessee Titans on May 2, 2015.\n\nMiami Dolphins\nOn September 16, 2015, Long was signed to the Miami Dolphins' practice squad. On September 23, 2015, he was released by the Dolphins.\n\nSt. Louis / Los Angeles Rams\nLong signed with the practice squad of the St. Louis Rams on December 24, 2015.\nOn July 31, 2016, Long was released by the Los Angeles Rams for violation of team rules by bringing a woman into his dorm during training camp. Him being cut by Jeff Fisher was shown on the reality series Hard Knocks.\n\nPhiladelphia Eagles\nLong signed with the Philadelphia Eagles on August 5, 2016. He was released by the Eagles on August 14, 2016.\n\nBC Lions \nOn October 3, 2016, Long signed to the BC Lions practice squad. He re-signed with the Lions on February 1, 2017.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Canadian Football League profile\n Tennessee Titans bio\n Maryland Terrapins bio\n\n1991 births\nLiving people\nPlayers of American football from Washington, D.C.\nAmerican football wide receivers\nCanadian football wide receivers\nAmerican players of Canadian football\nTennessee Titans players\nMiami Dolphins players\nSt. Louis Rams players\nLos Angeles Rams players\nBC Lions players\nNew Mexico Lobos football players\nIowa Western Reivers football players\nMaryland Terrapins football players\nDunbar High School (Washington, D.C.) alumni" ]

[ "Jean-Philippe Rameau", "Rameau and his librettists", "Who were the librettists?", "I don't know.", "What did they do?", "He was highly demanding and bad-tempered, unable to maintain longstanding partnerships with his librettists, with the exception of Louis de Cahusac,", "How long was Louis with him?", "Louis de Cahusac, who collaborated with him on several operas, including Les fetes de l'Hymen et de l'Amour (1747), Zais (1748), Nais (1749), Zoroastre (1749; revised 1756)," ]

[ "Schwenck is a surname.\n\nNotable people with the name include:\nCléber Schwenck Tiene (born 1979, known as Schwenck), Brazilian footballer\nRudy Schwenck (1884-1941), American baseball player\nSir William Schwenck Gilbert (1836-1911), English dramatist and librettist of Gilbert and Sullivan operas\nMary Schwenck (born 1778), aunt of William Gilbert, the librettists's father, and godmother to the librettist\n\nSee also\n Christian Friedrich Gottlieb Schwencke, German composer, source of the Schwencke measure\n Schwenk\n Schwenke (disambiguation)\n\nReferences", "Marie Červinková-Riegrová (9 August 1854 in Prague – 19 January 1895 in Prague) was a Czech writer.\n\nShe wrote the libretto Dimitrij for Karel Šebor, but then offered it to Antonín Dvořák who set it to music in 1881.\n\nReferences\n\n1854 births\n1895 deaths\nCzech women writers\nWomen opera librettists\nWriters from Prague\n19th-century women writers\n19th-century Czech writers\nCzech opera librettists\n19th-century Czech dramatists and playwrights" ]

[ "Jean-Philippe Rameau", "Rameau and his librettists", "Who were the librettists?", "I don't know.", "What did they do?", "He was highly demanding and bad-tempered, unable to maintain longstanding partnerships with his librettists, with the exception of Louis de Cahusac,", "How long was Louis with him?", "Louis de Cahusac, who collaborated with him on several operas, including Les fetes de l'Hymen et de l'Amour (1747), Zais (1748), Nais (1749), Zoroastre (1749; revised 1756),", "Were there any other notable librettists?", "the librettists Rameau did work with were second-rate." ]

[ "Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday? is a 1963 children's book published by Beginner Books and written by Helen Palmer Geisel, the first wife of Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss). Unlike most of the Beginner Books, Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday? did not follow the format of text with inline drawings, being illustrated with black-and-white photographs by Lynn Fayman, featuring a boy named Rawli Davis. It is sometimes misattributed to Dr. Seuss himself. The book's cover features a photograph of a young boy sitting at a breakfast table with a huge pile of pancakes.\n\nActivities mentioned in the book include bowling, water skiing, marching, boxing, and shooting guns with the United States Marines, and eating more spaghetti \"than anyone else has eaten before.\n\nHelen Palmer's photograph-based children's books did not prove to be as popular as the more traditional text-and-illustrations format; however, Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday received positive reviews and was listed by The New York Times as one of the best children's books of 1963. The book is currently out of print.\n\nReferences\n\n1963 children's books\nAmerican picture books", "\n\nTrack listing\n Opening Overture\n \"I Get a Kick Out of You\" (Cole Porter)\n \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" (Stevie Wonder)\n \"You Will Be My Music\" (Joe Raposo)\n \"Don't Worry 'bout Me\" (Ted Koehler, Rube Bloom)\n \"If\" (David Gates)\n \"Bad, Bad Leroy Brown\" (Jim Croce)\n \"Ol' Man River\" (Jerome Kern, Oscar Hammerstein II)\n Famous Monologue\n Saloon Trilogy: \"Last Night When We Were Young\"/\"Violets for Your Furs\"/\"Here's That Rainy Day\" (Harold Arlen, E.Y. Harburg)/(Matt Dennis, Tom Adair)/(Jimmy Van Heusen, Johnny Burke)\n \"I've Got You Under My Skin\" (Porter)\n \"My Kind of Town\" (Sammy Cahn, Van Heusen)\n \"Let Me Try Again\" (Paul Anka, Cahn, Michel Jourdan)\n \"The Lady Is a Tramp\" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart)\n \"My Way\" (Anka, Claude Francois, Jacques Revaux, Gilles Thibaut)\n\nFrank Sinatra's Monologue About the Australian Press\nI do believe this is my interval, as we say... We've been having a marvelous time being chased around the country for three days. You know, I think it's worth mentioning because it's so idiotic, it's so ridiculous what's been happening. We came all the way to Australia because I chose to come here. I haven't been here for a long time and I wanted to come back for a few days. Wait now, wait. I'm not buttering anybody at all. I don't have to. I really don't have to. I like coming here. I like the people. I love your attitude. I like the booze and the beer and everything else that comes into the scene. I also like the way the country's growing and it's a swinging place.\n\nSo we come here and what happens? We gotta run all day long because of the parasites who chase us with automobiles. That's dangerous, too, on the road, you know. Might cause an accident. They won't quit. They wonder why I won't talk to them. I wouldn't drink their water, let alone talk to them. And if any of you folks in the press are in the audience, please quote me properly. Don't mix it up, do it exactly as I'm saying it, please. Write it down very clearly. One idiot called me up and he wanted to know what I had for breakfast. What the hell does he care what I had for breakfast? I was about to tell him what I did after breakfast. Oh, boy, they're murder! We have a name in the States for their counterparts: They're called parasites. Because they take and take and take and never give, absolutely, never give. I don't care what you think about any press in the world, I say they're bums and they'll always be bums, everyone of them. There are just a few exceptions to the rule. Some good editorial writers who don't go out in the street and chase people around. Critics don't bother me, because if I do badly, I know I'm bad before they even write it, and if I'm good, I know I'm good before they write it. It's true. I know best about myself. So, a critic is a critic. He doesn't anger me. It's the scandal man who bugs you, drives you crazy. It's the two-bit-type work that they do. They're pimps. They're just crazy, you know. And the broads who work in the press are the hookers of the press. Need I explain that to you? I might offer them a buck and a half... I'm not sure. I once gave a chick in Washington $2 and I overpaid her, I found out. She didn't even bathe. Imagine what that was like, ha, ha.\n\nNow, it's a good thing I'm not angry. Really. It's a good thing I'm not angry. I couldn't care less. The press of the world never made a person a star who was untalented, nor did they ever hurt any artist who was talented. So we, who have God-given talent, say, \"To hell with them.\" It doesn't make any difference, you know. And I want to say one more thing. From what I see what's happened since I was last here... what, 16 years ago? Twelve years ago. From what I've seen to happen with the type of news that they print in this town shocked me. And do you know what is devastating? It's old-fashioned. It was done in America and England twenty years ago. And they're catching up with it now, with the scandal sheet. They're rags, that's what they are. You use them to train your dog and your parrot. What else do I have to say? Oh, I guess that's it. That'll keep them talking to themselves for a while. I think most of them are a bunch of fags anyway. Never did a hard day's work in their life. I love when they say, \"What do you mean, you won't stand still when I take your picture?\" All of a sudden, they're God. We gotta do what they want us to do. It's incredible. A pox on them... Now, let's get down to some serious business here...\n\nSee also\nConcerts of Frank Sinatra\n\nFrank Sinatra" ]

[ "Jean-Philippe Rameau", "Rameau and his librettists", "Who were the librettists?", "I don't know.", "What did they do?", "He was highly demanding and bad-tempered, unable to maintain longstanding partnerships with his librettists, with the exception of Louis de Cahusac,", "How long was Louis with him?", "Louis de Cahusac, who collaborated with him on several operas, including Les fetes de l'Hymen et de l'Amour (1747), Zais (1748), Nais (1749), Zoroastre (1749; revised 1756),", "Were there any other notable librettists?", "the librettists Rameau did work with were second-rate.", "What else did he do with them?", "He made his acquaintance of most of them at La Poupliniere's salon," ]

[ "Rude's Hill is a 981-foot hill just outside of the town of Mt. Jackson in Shenandoah County, Virginia, United States, primarily known because it was a strategically placed elevation on which many Civil War events occurred. It was named after the Danish Lutheran minister Anders Rudolph Rude, who arrived in the US in 1836 and married the widow of the Steenbergen plantation. They inhabited a house on the hill called \"Locust Grove\" which dates to 1792, according to county records. As of July 2014 when the property was for sale, \"Locust Grove\" was in severely neglected condition with several ungainly exterior modifications over the years, but was still standing.\n \n\nRude's Hill was an important site in the American Civil War, occupying a commanding high point overlooking the key Valley Turnpike where is passes through a point between Smith Creek on the east and the North Fork of the Shenandoah River on the western side. Rude's Hill is the first elevation on that route beyond the flat Meems bottomland on the south end of the town of Mt. Jackson. It was a particularly defensible high ground because the only practical enemy approach to Rude's Hill was from the north was via single bridges spanning Mill Creek and the Shenandoah's north fork, after which an enemy would need to cross the broad, flat Meems Bottom, commanded by Rude's Hill beyond. And also because if required to retreat, a force could withdraw from Rude's Hill through mountain passes of the Massanutten Range. Because of its strategic placement and high ground location on the Valley Pike and the fact the area had so much action between 1862 and 1865, Rude's Hill figured prominently in the Civil War history of the Shenandoah Valley.\n\n1862 \nIn Shenandoah Valley campaign, following initial tactical defeat at the First Battle Of Kernstown (March 23, 1862), Confederate General Stonewall Jackson withdrew down the valley to Rude's Hill upon the advice of his newly appointed cartographer Jedidiah Hotchkiss and made Locust Grove his headquarters from April 2–17, 1862. There he rallied his troops and reorganized his command, with his forces swelling to 6,000 men on Rude's Hill. On April 16–17, 1862 there was a skirmish at Rude's Hill with advance elements of the Union forces. With Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks approaching with 20,000 troops, Jackson was planning to make a stand on Rude's Hill but his cavalry, under pressure of the Union's skirmishing advance on the 16th, had failed to destroy the gateway bridge over Mill Creek at Mt. Jackson. So Jackson withdrew south on April 17, but ultimately defeated Union generals in a series of moves and battles up and down the Shenandoah Valley from May to June, 1862.\n\nDuring the war the property suffered heavy damage, so Rev. Rude left in the autumn of 1862. In Texas he became a minister and Professor, but this hill continued to reflect his family name. Jackson's dispatches from this headquarters bore the dateline, “Rude’s Hill,\" a name that stuck due to its continuting role in the war. After 1862, the house was evidently occupied by Reverend Addison Weller and his wife, both Methodists.\n\n1863 \nOn November 16–18, 1863 Col. William H. Boyd's Union cavalry reconnoitered from West Virginia to the area of the Valley Pike. The Federal troopers skirmished at Woodstock, Edinburg and Mt. Jackson. North of Mt. Jackson the Federals encountered Confederate cavalry under command of Maj. Robert White. The rebel troopers retreated through Mt. Jackson fighting, crossing the bridges through Meems Bottom and to the defensible position on Rude's Hill. Realizing that White's horse artillery could sweep the bridge from the hill, Boyd withdrew from the skirmish at Rude's Hill and then to Woodstock, pursued by Confederate cavalry. Boyd's reconnaissance-in-force then returned to West Virginia. Losses from the cavalry engagement were light on both sides.\n\n1864 \nRude's Hill figured promintently in the action of the Battle of New Market. On May 14, a delaying action was fought at Rude's Hill by elements of the Confederate 18th Virginia Cavalry, under the overall command of Col. John Imboden. Federal forces under Col. August Moor took the hill. However, the Confederate cavalry slowed the Union advance, enabling Gen. John Breckinridge to gather the main body of his Confederate forces at New Market, about 4 miles away. After losing the battle on May 15, Union General Franz Sigel managed to organize a rearguard on Rude's Hill, with infantry east of the turnpike, some cavalry west of the road and the artillery behind the line. Due to the exhaustion of the men and low ammunition, Sigel decided to retreat across the Shenandoah River to Mount Jackson. Breckinridge at the same time, concerned the Federals might decide to use Rude's Hill to make a defensive stand, advanced his cavalry and artillery to the crest of Rude's Hill, where they shelled and harassed Sigel's retreating Federals. The Union army managed to cross Mill Creek at Mt. Jackson and burned the bridge that spanned the creek to Mt. Jackson before the Confederates could catch up. Breckinridge took his main force to Staunton and then east to join with Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Imboden took command in the valley and camped at Rude's Hill.\n\nOn May 21 Maj. Gen David Hunter took over Sigel's Union command and proceeded again south, through Woodstock and Mt. Jackson and encamped on the high ground at Rude's Hill on May 29. Hunter then proceeded south taking large towns and destroying anything of perceived military value.\n\nIn a predawn raid on 3 Oct. 1864, Confederate Captain John McNeill led approximately 50 Confederate rangers against roughly 100 Union troopers of the 8th Ohio Cavalry Regiment guarding a Meems Bottom bridge, a strategic crossing of the Valley Turnpike at Mt. Jackson over the North Fork of the Shenandoah River. The attack lasted just fifteen minutes with most of the Union cavalry captured but McNeill, one of the best-known and feared Confederate partisan raiders as leader of McNeill's Rangers, was mortally wounded. He was taken to Rev. Weller's nearby Locust Grove house on Rude's Hill, where he was left for a period of time until his identity was subsequently discovered by Union General Sheridan's troops. He was secreted away from Rude's Hill by a small band of Confederates when the Federals had temporarily left, thinking he was too incapacitated to move and thus did not need a guard. McNeill was moved to Harrisonburg in Confederate hands, where he died on November 10.\n\nLater in November 1864 the hill overlooking the North Branch of the Shenandoah River and the Valley Turnpike again became a battlefield, as divisions of Philip Sheridan's Union cavalry engaged Confederate General Jubal A. Early. Having routed Early at the Battle of Fisher's Hill on September 22, 1864, and again at the Battle of Cedar Creek, north of Strasburg, on October 19, Sheridan employed scorched earth tactics and destroyed the economic infrastructure of the Shenandoah Valley as part of his 1864 Valley Campaign. Early retreated roughly 33 miles to the highly defensible Rude's Hill, occupying the hill from October 21–31. Early moved his troops north to Woodstock and skirmished, but then fell back again to Rude's Hill by November 12. Two of Sheridan's Union cavalry divisions pursued Early, who rallied and deployed his remaining Confederate infantry in line across the top of the hill on November 22, 1864. The Union cavalry pursued the Confederates but were repulsed in a sharp action. Early then reteated from Rude's Hill to Harrisonburg, eventually retreating to the entrance of the Shenandoah Valley at Browns Gap in the Blue Ridge. Locust Grove manor was looted by Union troops.\n\n1865 \nTowards the end of the war, Rude's Hill was also the scene of a cavalry skirmish when Confederate Brigadier General Thomas Rosser's troopers attacked Union troops guarding Confederate prisoners on March 7, 1865.\n\nAt the end of the war Union troops encamped on the strategically placed Rude's Hill as the Federal occupying force for the region, erecting several buildings, including a hospital, using the lumber from the Confederate hospital they demolished on the north side of Mt. Jackson, about 3 miles away. This post was removed in 1875 when Reconstruction occupation ended.\n\nIn a notable local occurrence during the early days of Reconstruction, Confederate Capt. George Summers and Sgt. Isaac Newton Koontz were executed on Rude's Hill on June 27, 1865. They were members of the Massanutten Rangers, which disbanded with the Confederate surrender. On May 22 they were in a group travelling to Woodstock to take the oath of allegiance to the Union to obtain parole. Along the way they encountered a Union cavalry guard and for reasons unknown revolvers were drawn and the Confederates robbed the Federal's of their horses and property. The men, fearful of retribution, went to the Union camp on Rude's Hill to explain the situation and return the horses and property, and were forgiven. But a month later on June 27 they were seized by a different Union commander, brought to Rude's Hill, tied to the stake and shot.\n\nRude's Hill Today \nHistorical markers at the crest of Rude's Hill now mark the spot, on the west side of Rt. 11 overlooking the fertile farmland of Meem's Bottom. But the hill, which was such a strategic point on the Valley Pike, is barely discernable for passers-by in today's fast moving vehicles on road pavement. An automotive repair facility now occupies the crest of historic Rude's Hill.\n\nReferences\n\nLandforms of Shenandoah County, Virginia\nHills of Virginia", "Ernest Rude (23 January 1871 – 18 March 1948) was a Norwegian photographer. He was born in Drammen as a son of photographer Christoffer Gade Rude (1839–1901) and his wife Andrea Elise Geelmuyden (1839–1920). He was an uncle of Finn Støren.\n\nHe started his career in his father's company, and from 1907 to 1910 he ran a company together with Frederik Hilfling-Rasmussen. He continued to run this company until his death in March 1948 in Oslo, from 1943 with Andreas Thorsrud who took it over. As a photographer Rude was best known for portrait photography. He chaired the Norwegian Association of Professional Photographers from 1912 to 1927 and became an honorary member in 1946. He was also an honorary member of the Swedish and Danish associations, and was appointed a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1925.\n\nFamily\nRude was married to Margrete Arneberg (1876–1954), and their son Rolf Rude was a notable painter.\n\nReferences\n\n1871 births\n1948 deaths\nPeople from Drammen\nNorwegian photographers\nPortrait photographers\nKnights of the Order of the Dannebrog" ]

[ "Jean-Philippe Rameau", "Rameau and his librettists", "Who were the librettists?", "I don't know.", "What did they do?", "He was highly demanding and bad-tempered, unable to maintain longstanding partnerships with his librettists, with the exception of Louis de Cahusac,", "How long was Louis with him?", "Louis de Cahusac, who collaborated with him on several operas, including Les fetes de l'Hymen et de l'Amour (1747), Zais (1748), Nais (1749), Zoroastre (1749; revised 1756),", "Were there any other notable librettists?", "the librettists Rameau did work with were second-rate.", "What else did he do with them?", "He made his acquaintance of most of them at La Poupliniere's salon,", "So they quit because he was rude?", " Not one of his librettists managed to produce a libretto on the same artistic level as Rameau's music:" ]

[ "PureNRG are a live electronic music act, composed of members Solarstone and Giuseppe Ottaviani.\n\nBiography \nThe name of the act was derived from Solarstone's 'Pure Trance' label, and Giuseppe's previous act 'Nu NRG'.\n\nThe duo began producing and performing together in 2015, and have since performed in clubs and at festivals regularly. When performing live, they use a custom designed set-up including many of the instruments and much of the equipment used to produce their music in the studio.\n\nIn 2016 they released the track 'Secret of the Sahara', which utilises a sample of a track by the same name, originally composed by Ennio Morricone. This was notable as Ennio has not allowed any of his music to be utilised in electronic music in over 20 years.\n\nDiscography \n Singles\n\nReferences \n\nBritish electronic music groups\nBritish trance music groups\nItalian electronic music groups\nItalian trance music groups", "Higher State is a dance record company and music publishing company founded in 1992 by House music producers and DJs Dillon & Dickins (Marc Dillon & Patrick Dickins) which incorporates the three record labels Higher State, 99 North and 99 Degrees.\n\nHistory \nInitially, all the releases were composed by Dillon & Dickins under different aliases, e.g. Disco Biscuit, Sound Environment, Upstate, 99 Allstars & Illicit. The first release not written by Dillon & Dickins (although they did produce many of the mixes) was in November 1997 when they released Johnny X \"Call on Me\" (catalogue numbers 12HIMP4 & CDHSD34), which was written by Leee John (ex-singer and member of 1980s band Imagination). This was followed in April 1998 with Spacebase \"What Am I Gonna Do\" (catalogue number 12HSD35), which they co-wrote with the singer on the track, Kate Cameron.\n\nThe company then started licensing tracks from other companies, and had their first notable chart success in March 1999 with FPI Project \"Everybody (All Over the World)\" (catalogue number CDNTH14), which on 13 March 1999 for one week reached number 67 in the UK Singles Chart.\n\nOther notable releases include Matter \"Don't You Want Some More\" (originally released in 1993 on Guerilla Records), M1 \"Electronic Funk\", 99 Allstars \"Chemical Generation\" (which also featured the vocals of Kate Cameron as well as male vocalist Paul Alexander from American-based dance music group The Ones) and Dillon & Dickins \"Queers R Doin It\".\n\nDiscography\n(All catalogue numbers are stated exactly as printed on the release – multiple catalogue numbers reflect all available formats.)\n\nHigher State\n\n99 North\n\n99 Degrees\n\nSee also\n Lists of record labels\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\nPPI Ltd Members List\nMusic Week Listing\n\n99 North at Discogs\n99 Degrees at Discogs\nAllrecordlabels.com listing\n\nBritish record labels\nHouse music record labels\nRecord labels established in 1992\nElectronic dance music record labels" ]

[ "Nobuo Uematsu", "Square (1985-2004)" ]

[ "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books", "\"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \"What Happened to Us\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, Get 'Em Girls (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics.\n\nA remix of \"What Happened to Us\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of the song which features Stan Walker, was released on 29 May 2011. \"What Happened to Us\" charted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video was directed by Mark Alston, and reminisces on a former relationship between Mauboy and Sean.\n\nProduction and release\n\n\"What Happened to Us\" was written by Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz and Jay Sean. It was produced by Skaller, Cruz, Rohaim and Bobby Bass. The song uses C, D, and B minor chords in the chorus. \"What Happened to Us\" was sent to contemporary hit radio in Australia on 14 February 2011. The cover art for the song was revealed on 22 February on Mauboy's official Facebook page. A CD release was available for purchase via her official website on 10 March, for one week only. It was released digitally the following day.\n\nReception\nMajhid Heath from ABC Online Indigenous called the song a \"Jordin Sparks-esque duet\", and wrote that it \"has a nice innocence to it that rings true to the experience of losing a first love.\" Chris Urankar from Nine to Five wrote that it as a \"mid-tempo duet ballad\" which signifies Mauboy's strength as a global player. On 21 March 2011, \"What Happened to Us\" debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and peaked at number 14 the following week. The song was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 70,000 copies. \"What Happened to Us\" spent a total of ten weeks in the ARIA top fifty.\n\nMusic video\n\nBackground\nThe music video for the song was shot in the Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney on 26 November 2010. The video was shot during Sean's visit to Australia for the Summerbeatz tour. During an interview with The Daily Telegraph while on the set of the video, Sean said \"the song is sick! ... Jessica's voice is amazing and we're shooting [the video] in this ridiculously beautiful mansion overlooking the harbour.\" The video was directed by Mark Alston, who had previously directed the video for Mauboy's single \"Let Me Be Me\" (2009). It premiered on YouTube on 10 February 2011.\n\nSynopsis and reception\nThe video begins showing Mauboy who appears to be sitting on a yellow antique couch in a mansion, wearing a purple dress. As the video progresses, scenes of memories are displayed of Mauboy and her love interest, played by Sean, spending time there previously. It then cuts to the scenes where Sean appears in the main entrance room of the mansion. The final scene shows Mauboy outdoors in a gold dress, surrounded by green grass and trees. She is later joined by Sean who appears in a black suit and a white shirt, and together they sing the chorus of the song to each other. David Lim of Feed Limmy wrote that the video is \"easily the best thing our R&B princess has committed to film – ever\" and praised the \"mansion and wondrous interior décor\". He also commended Mauboy for choosing Australian talent to direct the video instead of American directors, which she had used for her previous two music videos. Since its release, the video has received over two million views on Vevo.\n\nLive performances\nMauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" live for the first time during her YouTube Live Sessions program on 4 December 2010. She also appeared on Adam Hills in Gordon Street Tonight on 23 February 2011 for an interview and later performed the song. On 15 March 2011, Mauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Sunrise. She also performed the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Dancing with the Stars Australia on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \"What Happened to Us\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Just Witness Remix) – 3:45\n\nCD single\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Album Version) – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:39\n\nDigital download – Remix\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:38\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Stan Walker – 3:20\n\nPersonnel\nSongwriting – Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz, Jay Sean\nProduction – Jeremy Skaller, Bobby Bass\nAdditional production – Israel Cruz, Khaled Rohaim\nLead vocals – Jessica Mauboy, Jay Sean\nMixing – Phil Tan\nAdditional mixing – Damien Lewis\nMastering – Tom Coyne \nSource:\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly chart\n\nYear-end chart\n\nCertification\n\nRadio dates and release history\n\nReferences\n\n2010 songs\n2011 singles\nJessica Mauboy songs\nJay Sean songs\nSongs written by Billy Steinberg\nSongs written by Jay Sean\nSongs written by Josh Alexander\nSongs written by Israel Cruz\nVocal duets\nSony Music Australia singles\nSongs written by Khaled Rohaim" ]

[ "Nobuo Uematsu", "Square (1985-2004)", "What happened in 1985?", "Uematsu joined Square in 1985," ]

[ "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books", "\"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \"What Happened to Us\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, Get 'Em Girls (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics.\n\nA remix of \"What Happened to Us\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of the song which features Stan Walker, was released on 29 May 2011. \"What Happened to Us\" charted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video was directed by Mark Alston, and reminisces on a former relationship between Mauboy and Sean.\n\nProduction and release\n\n\"What Happened to Us\" was written by Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz and Jay Sean. It was produced by Skaller, Cruz, Rohaim and Bobby Bass. The song uses C, D, and B minor chords in the chorus. \"What Happened to Us\" was sent to contemporary hit radio in Australia on 14 February 2011. The cover art for the song was revealed on 22 February on Mauboy's official Facebook page. A CD release was available for purchase via her official website on 10 March, for one week only. It was released digitally the following day.\n\nReception\nMajhid Heath from ABC Online Indigenous called the song a \"Jordin Sparks-esque duet\", and wrote that it \"has a nice innocence to it that rings true to the experience of losing a first love.\" Chris Urankar from Nine to Five wrote that it as a \"mid-tempo duet ballad\" which signifies Mauboy's strength as a global player. On 21 March 2011, \"What Happened to Us\" debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and peaked at number 14 the following week. The song was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 70,000 copies. \"What Happened to Us\" spent a total of ten weeks in the ARIA top fifty.\n\nMusic video\n\nBackground\nThe music video for the song was shot in the Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney on 26 November 2010. The video was shot during Sean's visit to Australia for the Summerbeatz tour. During an interview with The Daily Telegraph while on the set of the video, Sean said \"the song is sick! ... Jessica's voice is amazing and we're shooting [the video] in this ridiculously beautiful mansion overlooking the harbour.\" The video was directed by Mark Alston, who had previously directed the video for Mauboy's single \"Let Me Be Me\" (2009). It premiered on YouTube on 10 February 2011.\n\nSynopsis and reception\nThe video begins showing Mauboy who appears to be sitting on a yellow antique couch in a mansion, wearing a purple dress. As the video progresses, scenes of memories are displayed of Mauboy and her love interest, played by Sean, spending time there previously. It then cuts to the scenes where Sean appears in the main entrance room of the mansion. The final scene shows Mauboy outdoors in a gold dress, surrounded by green grass and trees. She is later joined by Sean who appears in a black suit and a white shirt, and together they sing the chorus of the song to each other. David Lim of Feed Limmy wrote that the video is \"easily the best thing our R&B princess has committed to film – ever\" and praised the \"mansion and wondrous interior décor\". He also commended Mauboy for choosing Australian talent to direct the video instead of American directors, which she had used for her previous two music videos. Since its release, the video has received over two million views on Vevo.\n\nLive performances\nMauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" live for the first time during her YouTube Live Sessions program on 4 December 2010. She also appeared on Adam Hills in Gordon Street Tonight on 23 February 2011 for an interview and later performed the song. On 15 March 2011, Mauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Sunrise. She also performed the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Dancing with the Stars Australia on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \"What Happened to Us\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Just Witness Remix) – 3:45\n\nCD single\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Album Version) – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:39\n\nDigital download – Remix\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:38\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Stan Walker – 3:20\n\nPersonnel\nSongwriting – Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz, Jay Sean\nProduction – Jeremy Skaller, Bobby Bass\nAdditional production – Israel Cruz, Khaled Rohaim\nLead vocals – Jessica Mauboy, Jay Sean\nMixing – Phil Tan\nAdditional mixing – Damien Lewis\nMastering – Tom Coyne \nSource:\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly chart\n\nYear-end chart\n\nCertification\n\nRadio dates and release history\n\nReferences\n\n2010 songs\n2011 singles\nJessica Mauboy songs\nJay Sean songs\nSongs written by Billy Steinberg\nSongs written by Jay Sean\nSongs written by Josh Alexander\nSongs written by Israel Cruz\nVocal duets\nSony Music Australia singles\nSongs written by Khaled Rohaim" ]

[ "Nobuo Uematsu", "Square (1985-2004)", "What happened in 1985?", "Uematsu joined Square in 1985,", "What happened in 1986?", "and composed the soundtrack to Cruise Chaser Blassty in 1986, his first." ]

[ "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books", "\"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \"What Happened to Us\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, Get 'Em Girls (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics.\n\nA remix of \"What Happened to Us\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of the song which features Stan Walker, was released on 29 May 2011. \"What Happened to Us\" charted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video was directed by Mark Alston, and reminisces on a former relationship between Mauboy and Sean.\n\nProduction and release\n\n\"What Happened to Us\" was written by Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz and Jay Sean. It was produced by Skaller, Cruz, Rohaim and Bobby Bass. The song uses C, D, and B minor chords in the chorus. \"What Happened to Us\" was sent to contemporary hit radio in Australia on 14 February 2011. The cover art for the song was revealed on 22 February on Mauboy's official Facebook page. A CD release was available for purchase via her official website on 10 March, for one week only. It was released digitally the following day.\n\nReception\nMajhid Heath from ABC Online Indigenous called the song a \"Jordin Sparks-esque duet\", and wrote that it \"has a nice innocence to it that rings true to the experience of losing a first love.\" Chris Urankar from Nine to Five wrote that it as a \"mid-tempo duet ballad\" which signifies Mauboy's strength as a global player. On 21 March 2011, \"What Happened to Us\" debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and peaked at number 14 the following week. The song was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 70,000 copies. \"What Happened to Us\" spent a total of ten weeks in the ARIA top fifty.\n\nMusic video\n\nBackground\nThe music video for the song was shot in the Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney on 26 November 2010. The video was shot during Sean's visit to Australia for the Summerbeatz tour. During an interview with The Daily Telegraph while on the set of the video, Sean said \"the song is sick! ... Jessica's voice is amazing and we're shooting [the video] in this ridiculously beautiful mansion overlooking the harbour.\" The video was directed by Mark Alston, who had previously directed the video for Mauboy's single \"Let Me Be Me\" (2009). It premiered on YouTube on 10 February 2011.\n\nSynopsis and reception\nThe video begins showing Mauboy who appears to be sitting on a yellow antique couch in a mansion, wearing a purple dress. As the video progresses, scenes of memories are displayed of Mauboy and her love interest, played by Sean, spending time there previously. It then cuts to the scenes where Sean appears in the main entrance room of the mansion. The final scene shows Mauboy outdoors in a gold dress, surrounded by green grass and trees. She is later joined by Sean who appears in a black suit and a white shirt, and together they sing the chorus of the song to each other. David Lim of Feed Limmy wrote that the video is \"easily the best thing our R&B princess has committed to film – ever\" and praised the \"mansion and wondrous interior décor\". He also commended Mauboy for choosing Australian talent to direct the video instead of American directors, which she had used for her previous two music videos. Since its release, the video has received over two million views on Vevo.\n\nLive performances\nMauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" live for the first time during her YouTube Live Sessions program on 4 December 2010. She also appeared on Adam Hills in Gordon Street Tonight on 23 February 2011 for an interview and later performed the song. On 15 March 2011, Mauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Sunrise. She also performed the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Dancing with the Stars Australia on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \"What Happened to Us\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Just Witness Remix) – 3:45\n\nCD single\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Album Version) – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:39\n\nDigital download – Remix\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:38\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Stan Walker – 3:20\n\nPersonnel\nSongwriting – Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz, Jay Sean\nProduction – Jeremy Skaller, Bobby Bass\nAdditional production – Israel Cruz, Khaled Rohaim\nLead vocals – Jessica Mauboy, Jay Sean\nMixing – Phil Tan\nAdditional mixing – Damien Lewis\nMastering – Tom Coyne \nSource:\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly chart\n\nYear-end chart\n\nCertification\n\nRadio dates and release history\n\nReferences\n\n2010 songs\n2011 singles\nJessica Mauboy songs\nJay Sean songs\nSongs written by Billy Steinberg\nSongs written by Jay Sean\nSongs written by Josh Alexander\nSongs written by Israel Cruz\nVocal duets\nSony Music Australia singles\nSongs written by Khaled Rohaim" ]

[ "Nobuo Uematsu", "Square (1985-2004)", "What happened in 1985?", "Uematsu joined Square in 1985,", "What happened in 1986?", "and composed the soundtrack to Cruise Chaser Blassty in 1986, his first.", "What happened in 1987?", "In 1987, Uematsu and Sakaguchi collaborated on what was originally to be Sakaguchi's last contribution for Square," ]

[ "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books", "\"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \"What Happened to Us\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, Get 'Em Girls (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics.\n\nA remix of \"What Happened to Us\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of the song which features Stan Walker, was released on 29 May 2011. \"What Happened to Us\" charted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video was directed by Mark Alston, and reminisces on a former relationship between Mauboy and Sean.\n\nProduction and release\n\n\"What Happened to Us\" was written by Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz and Jay Sean. It was produced by Skaller, Cruz, Rohaim and Bobby Bass. The song uses C, D, and B minor chords in the chorus. \"What Happened to Us\" was sent to contemporary hit radio in Australia on 14 February 2011. The cover art for the song was revealed on 22 February on Mauboy's official Facebook page. A CD release was available for purchase via her official website on 10 March, for one week only. It was released digitally the following day.\n\nReception\nMajhid Heath from ABC Online Indigenous called the song a \"Jordin Sparks-esque duet\", and wrote that it \"has a nice innocence to it that rings true to the experience of losing a first love.\" Chris Urankar from Nine to Five wrote that it as a \"mid-tempo duet ballad\" which signifies Mauboy's strength as a global player. On 21 March 2011, \"What Happened to Us\" debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and peaked at number 14 the following week. The song was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 70,000 copies. \"What Happened to Us\" spent a total of ten weeks in the ARIA top fifty.\n\nMusic video\n\nBackground\nThe music video for the song was shot in the Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney on 26 November 2010. The video was shot during Sean's visit to Australia for the Summerbeatz tour. During an interview with The Daily Telegraph while on the set of the video, Sean said \"the song is sick! ... Jessica's voice is amazing and we're shooting [the video] in this ridiculously beautiful mansion overlooking the harbour.\" The video was directed by Mark Alston, who had previously directed the video for Mauboy's single \"Let Me Be Me\" (2009). It premiered on YouTube on 10 February 2011.\n\nSynopsis and reception\nThe video begins showing Mauboy who appears to be sitting on a yellow antique couch in a mansion, wearing a purple dress. As the video progresses, scenes of memories are displayed of Mauboy and her love interest, played by Sean, spending time there previously. It then cuts to the scenes where Sean appears in the main entrance room of the mansion. The final scene shows Mauboy outdoors in a gold dress, surrounded by green grass and trees. She is later joined by Sean who appears in a black suit and a white shirt, and together they sing the chorus of the song to each other. David Lim of Feed Limmy wrote that the video is \"easily the best thing our R&B princess has committed to film – ever\" and praised the \"mansion and wondrous interior décor\". He also commended Mauboy for choosing Australian talent to direct the video instead of American directors, which she had used for her previous two music videos. Since its release, the video has received over two million views on Vevo.\n\nLive performances\nMauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" live for the first time during her YouTube Live Sessions program on 4 December 2010. She also appeared on Adam Hills in Gordon Street Tonight on 23 February 2011 for an interview and later performed the song. On 15 March 2011, Mauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Sunrise. She also performed the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Dancing with the Stars Australia on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \"What Happened to Us\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Just Witness Remix) – 3:45\n\nCD single\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Album Version) – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:39\n\nDigital download – Remix\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:38\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Stan Walker – 3:20\n\nPersonnel\nSongwriting – Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz, Jay Sean\nProduction – Jeremy Skaller, Bobby Bass\nAdditional production – Israel Cruz, Khaled Rohaim\nLead vocals – Jessica Mauboy, Jay Sean\nMixing – Phil Tan\nAdditional mixing – Damien Lewis\nMastering – Tom Coyne \nSource:\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly chart\n\nYear-end chart\n\nCertification\n\nRadio dates and release history\n\nReferences\n\n2010 songs\n2011 singles\nJessica Mauboy songs\nJay Sean songs\nSongs written by Billy Steinberg\nSongs written by Jay Sean\nSongs written by Josh Alexander\nSongs written by Israel Cruz\nVocal duets\nSony Music Australia singles\nSongs written by Khaled Rohaim" ]

[ "Nobuo Uematsu", "Square (1985-2004)", "What happened in 1985?", "Uematsu joined Square in 1985,", "What happened in 1986?", "and composed the soundtrack to Cruise Chaser Blassty in 1986, his first.", "What happened in 1987?", "In 1987, Uematsu and Sakaguchi collaborated on what was originally to be Sakaguchi's last contribution for Square,", "What happened in 1988?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books", "\"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \"What Happened to Us\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, Get 'Em Girls (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics.\n\nA remix of \"What Happened to Us\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of the song which features Stan Walker, was released on 29 May 2011. \"What Happened to Us\" charted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video was directed by Mark Alston, and reminisces on a former relationship between Mauboy and Sean.\n\nProduction and release\n\n\"What Happened to Us\" was written by Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz and Jay Sean. It was produced by Skaller, Cruz, Rohaim and Bobby Bass. The song uses C, D, and B minor chords in the chorus. \"What Happened to Us\" was sent to contemporary hit radio in Australia on 14 February 2011. The cover art for the song was revealed on 22 February on Mauboy's official Facebook page. A CD release was available for purchase via her official website on 10 March, for one week only. It was released digitally the following day.\n\nReception\nMajhid Heath from ABC Online Indigenous called the song a \"Jordin Sparks-esque duet\", and wrote that it \"has a nice innocence to it that rings true to the experience of losing a first love.\" Chris Urankar from Nine to Five wrote that it as a \"mid-tempo duet ballad\" which signifies Mauboy's strength as a global player. On 21 March 2011, \"What Happened to Us\" debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and peaked at number 14 the following week. The song was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 70,000 copies. \"What Happened to Us\" spent a total of ten weeks in the ARIA top fifty.\n\nMusic video\n\nBackground\nThe music video for the song was shot in the Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney on 26 November 2010. The video was shot during Sean's visit to Australia for the Summerbeatz tour. During an interview with The Daily Telegraph while on the set of the video, Sean said \"the song is sick! ... Jessica's voice is amazing and we're shooting [the video] in this ridiculously beautiful mansion overlooking the harbour.\" The video was directed by Mark Alston, who had previously directed the video for Mauboy's single \"Let Me Be Me\" (2009). It premiered on YouTube on 10 February 2011.\n\nSynopsis and reception\nThe video begins showing Mauboy who appears to be sitting on a yellow antique couch in a mansion, wearing a purple dress. As the video progresses, scenes of memories are displayed of Mauboy and her love interest, played by Sean, spending time there previously. It then cuts to the scenes where Sean appears in the main entrance room of the mansion. The final scene shows Mauboy outdoors in a gold dress, surrounded by green grass and trees. She is later joined by Sean who appears in a black suit and a white shirt, and together they sing the chorus of the song to each other. David Lim of Feed Limmy wrote that the video is \"easily the best thing our R&B princess has committed to film – ever\" and praised the \"mansion and wondrous interior décor\". He also commended Mauboy for choosing Australian talent to direct the video instead of American directors, which she had used for her previous two music videos. Since its release, the video has received over two million views on Vevo.\n\nLive performances\nMauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" live for the first time during her YouTube Live Sessions program on 4 December 2010. She also appeared on Adam Hills in Gordon Street Tonight on 23 February 2011 for an interview and later performed the song. On 15 March 2011, Mauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Sunrise. She also performed the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Dancing with the Stars Australia on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \"What Happened to Us\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Just Witness Remix) – 3:45\n\nCD single\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Album Version) – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:39\n\nDigital download – Remix\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:38\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Stan Walker – 3:20\n\nPersonnel\nSongwriting – Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz, Jay Sean\nProduction – Jeremy Skaller, Bobby Bass\nAdditional production – Israel Cruz, Khaled Rohaim\nLead vocals – Jessica Mauboy, Jay Sean\nMixing – Phil Tan\nAdditional mixing – Damien Lewis\nMastering – Tom Coyne \nSource:\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly chart\n\nYear-end chart\n\nCertification\n\nRadio dates and release history\n\nReferences\n\n2010 songs\n2011 singles\nJessica Mauboy songs\nJay Sean songs\nSongs written by Billy Steinberg\nSongs written by Jay Sean\nSongs written by Josh Alexander\nSongs written by Israel Cruz\nVocal duets\nSony Music Australia singles\nSongs written by Khaled Rohaim" ]

[ "Nobuo Uematsu", "Square (1985-2004)", "What happened in 1985?", "Uematsu joined Square in 1985,", "What happened in 1986?", "and composed the soundtrack to Cruise Chaser Blassty in 1986, his first.", "What happened in 1987?", "In 1987, Uematsu and Sakaguchi collaborated on what was originally to be Sakaguchi's last contribution for Square,", "What happened in 1988?", "I don't know.", "What happened in 1989?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books", "\"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \"What Happened to Us\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, Get 'Em Girls (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics.\n\nA remix of \"What Happened to Us\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of the song which features Stan Walker, was released on 29 May 2011. \"What Happened to Us\" charted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video was directed by Mark Alston, and reminisces on a former relationship between Mauboy and Sean.\n\nProduction and release\n\n\"What Happened to Us\" was written by Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz and Jay Sean. It was produced by Skaller, Cruz, Rohaim and Bobby Bass. The song uses C, D, and B minor chords in the chorus. \"What Happened to Us\" was sent to contemporary hit radio in Australia on 14 February 2011. The cover art for the song was revealed on 22 February on Mauboy's official Facebook page. A CD release was available for purchase via her official website on 10 March, for one week only. It was released digitally the following day.\n\nReception\nMajhid Heath from ABC Online Indigenous called the song a \"Jordin Sparks-esque duet\", and wrote that it \"has a nice innocence to it that rings true to the experience of losing a first love.\" Chris Urankar from Nine to Five wrote that it as a \"mid-tempo duet ballad\" which signifies Mauboy's strength as a global player. On 21 March 2011, \"What Happened to Us\" debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and peaked at number 14 the following week. The song was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 70,000 copies. \"What Happened to Us\" spent a total of ten weeks in the ARIA top fifty.\n\nMusic video\n\nBackground\nThe music video for the song was shot in the Elizabeth Bay House in Sydney on 26 November 2010. The video was shot during Sean's visit to Australia for the Summerbeatz tour. During an interview with The Daily Telegraph while on the set of the video, Sean said \"the song is sick! ... Jessica's voice is amazing and we're shooting [the video] in this ridiculously beautiful mansion overlooking the harbour.\" The video was directed by Mark Alston, who had previously directed the video for Mauboy's single \"Let Me Be Me\" (2009). It premiered on YouTube on 10 February 2011.\n\nSynopsis and reception\nThe video begins showing Mauboy who appears to be sitting on a yellow antique couch in a mansion, wearing a purple dress. As the video progresses, scenes of memories are displayed of Mauboy and her love interest, played by Sean, spending time there previously. It then cuts to the scenes where Sean appears in the main entrance room of the mansion. The final scene shows Mauboy outdoors in a gold dress, surrounded by green grass and trees. She is later joined by Sean who appears in a black suit and a white shirt, and together they sing the chorus of the song to each other. David Lim of Feed Limmy wrote that the video is \"easily the best thing our R&B princess has committed to film – ever\" and praised the \"mansion and wondrous interior décor\". He also commended Mauboy for choosing Australian talent to direct the video instead of American directors, which she had used for her previous two music videos. Since its release, the video has received over two million views on Vevo.\n\nLive performances\nMauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" live for the first time during her YouTube Live Sessions program on 4 December 2010. She also appeared on Adam Hills in Gordon Street Tonight on 23 February 2011 for an interview and later performed the song. On 15 March 2011, Mauboy performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Sunrise. She also performed the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \"What Happened to Us\" on Dancing with the Stars Australia on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \"What Happened to Us\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part.\n\nTrack listing\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Just Witness Remix) – 3:45\n\nCD single\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Album Version) – 3:19\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (Sgt Slick Remix) – 6:33\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:39\n\nDigital download – Remix\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Jay Sean (OFM Remix) – 3:38\n\nDigital download\n \"What Happened to Us\" featuring Stan Walker – 3:20\n\nPersonnel\nSongwriting – Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim, Israel Cruz, Jay Sean\nProduction – Jeremy Skaller, Bobby Bass\nAdditional production – Israel Cruz, Khaled Rohaim\nLead vocals – Jessica Mauboy, Jay Sean\nMixing – Phil Tan\nAdditional mixing – Damien Lewis\nMastering – Tom Coyne \nSource:\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly chart\n\nYear-end chart\n\nCertification\n\nRadio dates and release history\n\nReferences\n\n2010 songs\n2011 singles\nJessica Mauboy songs\nJay Sean songs\nSongs written by Billy Steinberg\nSongs written by Jay Sean\nSongs written by Josh Alexander\nSongs written by Israel Cruz\nVocal duets\nSony Music Australia singles\nSongs written by Khaled Rohaim" ]

[ "Chick Corea", "Duet projects" ]

[ "\"Baby (You've Got What It Takes)\" is a 1950s song written by Clyde Otis and Murray Stein.\n\nOriginally titled \"You've Got What It Takes\", the song was first recorded by Brook Benton's sister, Dorothy Pay, in 1958, as the B-side of her single \"Strollin' with My Baby\" on Mercury 71277. In August 1959, Brook Benton partnered with Dinah Washington to record the song as \"BABY, You've Got What It Takes\". Their version, released in January 1960, was hugely successful on both the pop and R&B charts, reaching #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #1 on the Hot R&B sides chart for ten weeks, becoming one of the most successful R&B singles of the 1960s. The song was also featured on their 1960 duet album, The Two of Us.\n\nCharts\n\nDinah Washington and Brook Benton\n\nLater versions\nJerry Lee Lewis and his sister, Linda Gail Lewis recorded a duet version on a 1965 single.\nCharlie Louvin and Melba Montgomery recorded a duet version on their 1971 album, Baby, You've Got What It Takes, with the single peaking at #30 on the country charts.\nKevin Mahogany included it as a duet with Jeanie Bryson in his 1995 album You Got What It Takes.\nMartha Davis and Ivan Neville recorded a version in 1996 for the film A Smile Like Yours, starring Greg Kinnear and Joan Cusack.\nVan Morrison and Linda Gail Lewis recorded a duet version on their 2000 album, You Win Again.\nNellie McKay's version with Taj Mahal in the soundtrack of the 2005 movie Rumor Has It....\nMichael Bublé's recording (featuring Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings) from his 2009 album, Crazy Love was featured during season 6 (week 4) of So You Think You Can Dance.\n\nReferences\n\n1960 singles\nBrook Benton songs\nDinah Washington songs\nAnne Murray songs\nJerry Lee Lewis songs\nLinda Gail Lewis songs\nVan Morrison songs\nVocal duets\n1958 songs\nSongs written by Clyde Otis\nMercury Records singles", "A King & Two Queens is an album by American country music artist George Jones and features duets with Melba Montgomery and Judy Lynn, released in 1964 on the United Artists Records. Jones and Montgomery had scored a number one country hit with the duet \"We Must Have Been Out Of Our Minds\" in 1963 and released the album What's In Our Heart the same year. Jones and Montgomery popularized the male-female country singer genre throughout the decade. Lynn, a former beauty queen who had joined a nationwide tour of Grand Ole Opry performers as a teenager, sings on three of the tracks.\n\nTrack listing\n\"Brown to Blue\"\n\"The Face\"\nduet with Melba Montgomery\n\"Almost Out of My Mind\"\n\"Wrong Number\"\n\"I Can't Change Overnight\"\nduet with Melba Montgomery\n\"Unexpected Guest\"\nduet with Judy Lynn\n\"Without a Reason\"\n\"I'll Always Keep on Loving You\"\nduet with Melba Montgomery\n\"My Tears Are on the Roses\"\nduet with Judy Lynn\n\"Please Talk to My Heart\"\n\"Big Big Heartaches\"\nduet with Melba Montgomery\n\"Antique in My Closet\"\nduet with Judy Lynn\n\nExternal links\n George Jones' Official Website\n Record Label\n\n1964 compilation albums\nGeorge Jones compilation albums\nJudy Lynn albums\nMelba Montgomery albums\nUnited Artists Records compilation albums\nVocal duet albums" ]

[ "Chick Corea", "Duet projects", "What were the Duet projects?", "In the 1970s Corea started working with vibraphonist Gary Burton, with whom he recorded several duet albums for ECM," ]

[ "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)", "\"What I Did for Love\" is a song from the musical A Chorus Line (music by Marvin Hamlisch, lyrics by Edward Kleban). It was quickly recognized for its show-business potential outside Broadway and was picked up by popular singers to include in their performances in their club and television appearances. Both female and male singers have made it an inclusion in their recorded albums to great effect. The Daily Telegraph described it as a \"big anthem\".\n\nSynopsis within A Chorus Line\nIn the penultimate scene of the production, one of the dancers, Paul San Marco, has suffered a career-ending injury. The remaining dancers, gathered together onstage, are asked what they would do if they were told they could no longer dance. Diana Morales, in reply, sings this anthem, which considers loss philosophically, with an undefeated optimism; all the other dancers concur. Whatever happens, they will be free of regret. What they did in their careers, they did for love, and their talent, no matter how great, was only theirs \"to borrow,\" was to be only temporary and would someday be gone. However, the love of performing is never gone, and they are all pointed toward tomorrow.\n\nNotable versions\nBeverly Bremers' version, was released as a single in 1975.\nEydie Gormé - a single release in 1976 (US AC #23).\nBing Crosby - for his album Beautiful Memories (1977)\nEngelbert Humperdinck - for his album Miracles (1977).\nGrace Jones - for her debut album Portfolio (1977)\nJack Jones - in his 1975 album What I Did for Love (US AC #25, Canada AC #23).\nJohnny Mathis - Feelings (1975)\nBill Hayes - for his album From Me To You With Love (1976)\nMarcia Hines - see below\nPeggy Lee - for her album Peggy (1977)\nPetula Clark - a single release in 1975.\nShirley Bassey - Love, Life and Feelings (1976)\nRobert Goulet - in his album You're Something Special (1978).\nElaine Paige - included in her album Stages (1983)\nHoward Keel - for his album Just for You (1988).\nJosh Groban - for his album Stages (2015)\nMe First and the Gimme Gimmes - from their album Are A Drag (1999)\n\nMarcia Hines' version\n\nMarcia Hines recorded and released a version as the lead single from her third studio album, Ladies and Gentlemen (1977). The song peaked at number 6 on the Kent Music Report, becoming Hines' third top 10 single in Australia.\n\nAt the 1978 Australian Record Awards, the song won Hines Female Vocalist of the Year.\n\nTrack listing\n 7\" Single (MS-507)\nSide A \"What I Did for Love\" - 3:15\nSide B \"A Love Story\" (Robie Porter) - 3:31\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\nSongs from A Chorus Line\n1975 songs\n1975 singles\n1977 singles\nMarcia Hines songs\nBeverly Bremers songs\nColumbia Records singles\nGrace Jones songs\nSongs written by Marvin Hamlisch" ]

[ "Chick Corea", "Duet projects", "What were the Duet projects?", "In the 1970s Corea started working with vibraphonist Gary Burton, with whom he recorded several duet albums for ECM,", "What songs did they play together?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Moravian Duets (in ) by Antonín Dvořák is a cycle of 23 Moravian folk poetry settings for two voices with piano accompaniment, composed between 1875 and 1881. The Duets, published in three volumes, Op. 20 (B. 50), Op. 32 (B. 60 and B. 62), and Op. 38 (B. 69), occupy an important position among Dvořák's other works. The fifteen duets of Op. 32 are the most famous part of the cycle. Popular interest in the Moravian Duets was the starting point for subsequent works which propelled Dvořák to international fame.\n\nBackground \nIn the mid-1870s when Dvořák was not yet a well-known composer, he worked as a music teacher for the family of Jan Neff, a wealthy wholesale merchant. Neff and his wife were active and enthusiastic singers. With Dvořák at the piano, they often would sing solos and duets together with their children's governess. Dvořák began to arrange the first Moravian Duets at Neff's request. He used as the source for his arrangements the collection Moravian National Songs, compiled by František Sušil (1804–1868), the pioneer collector of Moravian folk songs. Dvořák, however, did not content himself only with the musical arrangement of the folk melodies, he began to compose entirely new music for the folk-song texts.\n\nIn March 1875 Dvořák composed the first volume of Moravian Duets, the \"Three Duets for Soprano and Tenor, with Piano Accompaniment, Op. 20\". His sponsor, Neff, was very delighted with them and he therefore asked Dvořák to compose more duets, this time for two female voices. Dvořák again agreed and, between May 17 and 21, 1876, composed the initial five songs, \"Duets for Two Sopranos\", which he designated in the manuscript as II. Cycle. These duets were originally published separately as Op. 29, then later combined with the Op. 32 publication. The remainder of the second volume was composed between June 26 and July 13, 1876, for soprano and contralto this time, entitled III. Cycle, Op. 32. A year later, in September and October 1877, Dvořák wrote another four duets, published as Op. 38. Dvořák returned to his Moravian Duets several years later in 1880, rearranging selections from Op. 32 for vocal quartet. These works were given number 107 in the Burghauser catalogue. Dvořák completed his large series of duets in 1881 with a final duet, a setting of Moravian folk poetry for soprano and alto, with piano accompaniment: Na tej našej střeše laštověnka nese (Lo, a swallow winging), B. 118.\n\nThe publishing of Moravian Duets represented very important turning point in the shaping of Dvořák's career. Arrangements for the first publication were managed by Jan Neff himself before Christmas 1876, under the title \"Duets for Soprano and Contralto, with Piano accompaniment\". The edition was lithographed by the firm of Emanuel Starý, Prague, and Neff gave this edition to Dvořák as a gift. The cycle was dedicated \"to the honorable Jan Neff, Esquire, and his highly esteemed Spouse\". It contained the duets of Op. 29 (Nos. 1–5) and Op. 32 (Nos. 1–4, 6–8 and 10). In the autumn of the 1877 Dvořák enclosed this edition of Moravian Duets with his request for an Austrian State grant for \"young, talented and poor artists\". One of the members of the Adjudicating Board in Vienna, Johannes Brahms, recommended the duets for publication to his German publisher Fritz Simrock. He wrote in his letter to Simrock from 12 December 1877: \"You will find pleasure in them as I did, and, as a publisher you will be specially delighted with their piquancy. Dvořák is undoubtedly a very talented man – and poor besides. I beg you think it over.\" Simrock published the cycle at the beginning of 1878 under the German title Klänge aus Mähren, Op. 32. It is worthy to note that Simrock did not pay Dvořák a fee. The first Simrock edition awakened such lively interest among the public, that he published the cycle again in 1880. Simrock, encouraged by the immediate success of Moravian Duets, later asked Dvořák to write something with a dance-like character; his response was with the Slavonic Dances, which established his international reputation.\n\nStructure\n\nSee also \nList of compositions by Antonín Dvořák\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n ISMN M-2601-0301-6\n\nExternal links \nMoravian Duets on a comprehensive Dvorak site\nTranslations of the texts at The Kennedy Center\nLipník nad Bečvou – musical history\nčeskésbory.cz (Czech Choirs) \n\nCompositions by Antonín Dvořák\n1875 compositions\n1876 compositions\n1877 compositions\n1880 compositions\n1881 compositions\nCzech-language songs\n Classical song cycles in Czech", "[[File:Gabriel Fauré jouant à quatre mains avec Melle Lombard.jpg|thumb|right|Gabriel Fauré and a pupil playing the Dolly Suite]]According to the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, there are two kinds of piano duet: \"those for two players at one instrument, and those in which each of the two pianists has an instrument to themself.\" In American usage the former is often referred to as \"piano four hands\". Grove notes that the one-piano duet has the larger repertory, but has come to be regarded as a modest, domestic form of music-making by comparison with \"the more glamorous two-piano duet\". The latter is more often referred to as a piano duo.\n\nThe piano duet came to popularity in the second half of the 18th century. Mozart played duets as a child with his sister, and later wrote sonatas for four hands at one piano; Schubert was another composer who composed for the genre, notably with his Fantasy in F minor, D. 940. Jane Bellingham in The Oxford Companion to Music lists other composers who wrote piano duets, including Brahms, Dvořák, Grieg, Debussy, Stravinsky, and Bartók. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries French piano duets included Bizet's Jeux d'enfants, Fauré's Dolly Suite and Ravel's Ma mère l'oye''.\n\nSee also\n List of compositions for piano duo\n List of classical piano duos (performers)\n\nReferences\n\nDuets" ]

[ "Chick Corea", "Duet projects", "What were the Duet projects?", "In the 1970s Corea started working with vibraphonist Gary Burton, with whom he recorded several duet albums for ECM,", "What songs did they play together?", "I don't know.", "What came of the duets?", "They reunited in 2006 for a concert tour." ]

[ "The Lungs Tour was the first major headlining concert tour by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine, in support of their debut album, Lungs. In July 2009, upon the release of their debut album, Florence and the Machine announced a six-date concert tour of the United Kingdom. Six soon became nine as three more dates (one in Glasgow, one in Bournemouth and two more for London's Shepherd's Bush Empire) were added. Following the success of the UK tour, with most tickets selling out, mainland European dates were added in countries such as the Netherlands and Italy, where the album also achieved moderate success. The tour is also going to North America and a one-off show in Tokyo. In an interview with Nick Grimshaw, Florence mentioned that her tour was going to be brought to Australia. They also supported U2 on their U2 360° Tour in 2011.\nAfter the continued success of Lungs and its new UK chart peak of number 1, Florence Welch announced another nine-date UK and Ireland tour, entitled 'The Cosmic Love Tour'. Florence and The Machine's official website held an exclusive fan pre-sale event on 27 January 2010 and tickets were fully released on Friday, 29 January at 9 a.m. All tickets, for all dates officially sold out.\n\nFlorence's costumes were designed by Gucci during the later parts of the tour.\n\nSetlist\n\nSupport acts\n Golden Silvers (22 May 2009)\n The xx (17–29 September 2009)\n Parallels (1 November 2009)\n Voicst (Hamburg, Cologne, Berlin, Vienna, Munich and Zurich)\n Frankie & The Heartstrings (6–14 December 2009)\n The Temper Trap (6–14 December 2009)\n Sian Alice Group (20 February – 16 March 2010)\n Holy Hail (15–17 April 2010)\n Babe Shadow (5–15 May 2010)\n The Drums (5 May – 29 July 2010)\n The Naked and Famous (29 July 2010)\n\nTour dates\n\nFestivals and other miscellaneous performances\nThis concert was a part of \"London Calling at Paradiso\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Dot To Dot Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Glastonbury Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Camp Bestival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Ben & Jerry's Sundae on the Common\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Standon Calling\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Underage Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Reading and Leeds Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Electric Picnic\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Bestival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"London Airwaves\"\nThis concert was a part of \"The Diesel XxX Party! at Matter\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Iceland Airwaves\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Moshi Moshi 10th Birthday at Matter\"\nThis concert was a part of \"NME Awards Tour 2009\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Synch Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Southside Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of a show with Blur\nThis concert was a part of \"Hop Farm Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Eurockéennes\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Eden Sessions\", with Paul Weller\nThis concert was a part of \"T in the Park\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Oxegen\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Lovebox Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"T4 on the Beach\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Vauxhall Skate\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Øyafestivalen\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Way Out West Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Beatday Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Pukkelpop\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Lowlands\"\n\nThis concert was a part of \"Freedom Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"BBC Electric Proms\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Inrockuptibles Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"BBC Radio 1's Mencap Little Noise Sessions\"\nThis concert was a part of \"NME Calling 2009\"\nThis concert was a part of \"T4 Stars of 2009\"\nThis concert was a part of \"St Jerome's Laneway Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Radio 1's Big Weekend\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Primavera Sound Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Pinkpop Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Kent University Summer Ball\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Swansea University Summer Ball\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Isle of Wight Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Hurricane Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Solidays at Hippodrome de Longchamp\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Hove Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Roskilde Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Rock Werchter\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Main Square Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Optimus Alive!\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Ruisrock\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Somerset House Summer Series\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Latitude Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Splendour in the Grass Sideshow \"\nThis concert was a part of \"Belsonic\"\nThis concert was a part of \"V Festival\"\nThis concert was a part of \"Voodoo Experience\"\nThe band supported U2 at this concert\n This concert was a part of \"Summerfest\"\n\nReferences\n\n2009 concert tours\n2010 concert tours\n2011 concert tours\nFlorence and the Machine concert tours", "Barrio Fino World Tour was a concert tour by reggaeton singer Daddy Yankee to promote his 2004 album, Barrio Fino. This was his first large tour and his first arena tour in the United States.\n\nIn December 2005, Yankee released Barrio Fino en Directo with featured videos and songs recorded live on this tour. Also, contained a DVD with footage of the tour in Colombia, Puerto Rico, Ecuador and Dominican Republic.\n\nOverview \nBarrio Fino became the first reggaeton album to hit platinum in the United States and selling over 1.5 million copies worldwide in its first year of release, along with the hit single \"Gasolina\", which is credited with introducing reggaeton to the mainstream. To promote the album, Daddy Yankee in a series of promotional presentations and embark in his first extensive world tour, including his first arena tour in the United States and the first reggaeton artist to do so. The tour a were massive success across Latin American. On December 13, 2004 Daddy Yankee Become the first artist ever to have a concert in the Coliseo de Puerto Rico. The October 16, 2005 concert in Santo Domingo it was part of the Festival Presidente de la musica Latina 2005 with a record attendance and was televised live. Some scenes of both were part of his latter release Barrio Fino en Directo.\n\nDuring the United States Leg, the tour was renamed ¿Who's your Daddy? Tour. It officially kick off on August 27, 2005. Ticket prices were between $45 to $100 dollars. The February 17, 2006 concert in Miami was First Ever Nationally Televised Reggaeton Concert in the United States by pay per view.\n\nThe February 26, 2006 concert in Valparizo, Chile was part of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival, becoming the first reggaeton ever to perform in that stage and it was broadcast live. It was widely recognized as one of the best urban performances in the history of the festival. He later came back in the 2009 and 2013 editions. Due to the success of Barrio Fino en Directo, a Latin American Leg was announced. The concert in Tegucigalpa had an attendance of 25,000 fans according to the local media. Also, around 90,000 fans in the Evento 40 2006 Festival performance in Ciudad de Mexico, Estadio Azteca concert and Zapopan 13,000. Acording to some media, 18,000 fans show up to the Costa Rica concert at Saprissa Stadium while the Concert in Santiago de Chile was sold out with 13,000 ticket sold.\n\nSetlist\n\nTour Dates\n\nBox office data\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\n2004 concert tours\n2005 concert tours\n2006 concert tours\nDaddy Yankee concert tours" ]

[ "Chick Corea", "Duet projects", "What were the Duet projects?", "In the 1970s Corea started working with vibraphonist Gary Burton, with whom he recorded several duet albums for ECM,", "What songs did they play together?", "I don't know.", "What came of the duets?", "They reunited in 2006 for a concert tour.", "Was the concert a success?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Mujician were an improvisational jazz quartet. The core members were Paul Dunmall (reeds), Keith Tippett (piano), Paul Rogers (bass) and Tony Levin (drums and percussion). The band's name \"comes from Tippett's daughter, describing what dad does for a living\".\n\nMujician formed in 1988. Their first album, The Journey, contains a single track recorded live at the 1990 Bath Festival. Poem About the Hero is also a live recording, done in front of a small audience; their first studio session was Colours Fulfilled, made in 1997. The 2000 The Bristol Concert release was recorded in 1991 and added Julie Tippetts on vocals and the Georgian Ensemble. This was followed by Spacetime (2001) and There's No Going Back Now (2005). Mujician retained the same core group of four members and toured in 2010 to mark Levin's seventieth birthday. These were their final performances, as the drummer died in February of the following year.\n\nDiscography\nThe Journey (Cuneiform, 1990)\nThe Bristol Concert (What Disc, 1991)\nPoem About the Hero (Cuneiform, 1992)\nBirdman (Cuneiform, 1995)\nColours Fulfilled (Cuneiform, 1997)\nSpacetime (Cuneiform, 2001)\nThere's No Going Back Now (Cuneiform, 2005)\n10 10 10 (Cuneiform, 2021)\n\nSource:\n\nReferences\n\nBritish jazz ensembles", "Blink or Blink Indonesia is a musical group from Jakarta, Indonesia. Blink formed in Jakarta on 23 July 2011. They later appeared in the musical television series called Putih Abu-Abu in 2012. They started their career by carrying Pop and Jazz stream and eventually mixed with electropop.\n\nBlink consists of four people: Alyssa Saufika Umari (Ify), Sivia Azizah (Sivia), Agatha Pricilla (Pricilla), and Febby Rastanty (Febby). All of them play acoustic instruments, and sing.\n\nHistory\nThe band often perform cover versions of other songs to practice a cappella, including Firework by Katy Perry, and What Makes You Beautiful by One Direction.\n\n2011-2012: Debut and Putih Abu Abu\nTheir first television appearance was on RCTI on 14 August 2011, with their first single, titled \"Sendiri Lagi\" which directly improvised by Sivia and Ify.\n\nThen they are invited to perform at Inbox SCTV on 20 August 2011. In addition to singing songs, they performed an a cappella cover of the song Price Tag.\n\nThey released their second single titled \"Dag Dig Dug\" on 19 November 2011 at Inbox SCTV. Through that single, they was asked to be the central character in the musical television series Putih Abu-Abu, and their single became the theme song for that television series, which aired on SCTV.\n\nOn the series Putih Abu-Abu the band released their songs one by one, with at least three versions of each song, the acoustic (live), pop, and electropop.\n\nThey performed in the Putih Abu-Abu Music Concert (musical concert version of the television series) on SCTV, followed with their next concert, Putih Abu-Abu Music Concert, 2nd Chapter.\n\nWhile appearing in the Putih Abu-Abu series, they also held concerts, while maintaining their school studies, as all of them were high school students, aged 15–16 years old.\n\nDiscography\n\nSingles\n\nAlbums\n BLINK (2013)\n Heart Beat (2015)\n\nMini Albums and CDs\n SOPHIE & BLINK (2013)\n\nConcert Tours\n\nPutih Abu Abu\n Putih Abu Abu Concert\n Putih Abu Abu Concert Chapter 2\n\nConcert participation\n SMASH Special Concert: Ready to Blast\n SMASH Concert: Step Forward\n K20 Concert Special Melly Goeslaw\n Masterpiece of Koes Plus\n Konser Lagu Anak\n Purwacaraka Music Studio's 25th Anniversary Concert\n\nVideography\n\nMusic videos\n Sendiri Lagi (2011)\n Hellow Mellow (2013)\n\nReferences\n\nMusical groups from Jakarta\nIndonesian pop music groups\nIndonesian girl groups\nMusical groups established in 2011\n2011 establishments in Indonesia" ]

[ "Chick Corea", "Duet projects", "What were the Duet projects?", "In the 1970s Corea started working with vibraphonist Gary Burton, with whom he recorded several duet albums for ECM,", "What songs did they play together?", "I don't know.", "What came of the duets?", "They reunited in 2006 for a concert tour.", "Was the concert a success?", "I don't know.", "What followed their concert?", "A new record called The New Crystal Silence was issued in 2008 and won a Grammy Award in 2009." ]

[ "\"Waltz for Debby\" is a jazz standard composed by pianist Bill Evans. He recorded it as a solo piano piece on his album New Jazz Conceptions (1956). Lyrics were written by Gene Lees. \"Debby\" in the composition's title refers to Evans's niece, Debby Evans.\n\n\"Waltz for Debby\" is known in Swedish by the name \"Monicas Vals\"; lyrics were written by Beppe Wolgers; and in Finnish by the name \"Ankin Valssi\"; lyrics were written by Jukka Kuoppamäki.\n\nAwards\nDon Sebesky: Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement (from I Remember Bill: The Tribute to Bill Evans, 1999)\nGary Burton and Chick Corea: Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo (from The New Crystal Silence, 2008)<ref>51st Grammy Awards winners at grammy.com - retrieved on 26 May 2009</ref>\n\nPersonnel\nOn New Jazz Conceptions (1956):\n Bill Evans – piano\n\nOn Waltz for Debby (1961):\nBill Evans – piano\nScott LaFaro – bass\nPaul Motian – drums\n\nRenditions\nBy EvansNew Jazz Conceptions (1956)Waltz for Debby (1961) (The track also appears on The Complete Village Vanguard Recordings, 1961, along with an alternate take)Know What I Mean? (1961, Cannonball Adderley with Bill Evans)Waltz for Debby (1964, with Monica Zetterlund)You're Gonna Hear From Me (recorded 1969, released 1988)The Bill Evans Album (1972)The Tony Bennett/Bill Evans Album (1975, with Tony Bennett)\n\nBy others\n Cannonball Adderley – Know What I Mean? (1961)\n Johnny Hartman - The Voice That Is! (1964) \n Earl Klugh - Earl Klugh (album) (1976)\n David Benoit - This Side Up (1985), Standards (2006) and Heroes (2008)\n Chick Corea and Gary Burton – The New Crystal Silence (2008)\n John McLaughlin – Time Remembered: John McLaughlin Plays Bill Evans (1993)\n Oscar Peterson – Affinity (1962)\n Don Sebesky – I Remember Bill: The Tribute to Bill Evans (1999)\n Ralph Towner – Open Letter (1991)\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\n\"Waltz for Debby\" at jazzstandards.com''\n\n1956 songs\n1950s jazz standards\nSongs with lyrics by Gene Lees", "\"Inní mér syngur vitleysingur\" (Icelandic for \"Within me a lunatic sings\") is the second track on Sigur Rós' fifth album, Með suð í eyrum við spilum endalaust. It is the first single from the album and was released on 8 September 2008.\n\nA music video for \"Inní mér syngur vitleysingur\" was also released. It shows the band playing at the free Náttúra (Nature) concert in Reykjavík on 28 June 2008.\n\nVocals from this track were sampled by the experimental electronic duo, Crystal Castles, in the song \"Year of Silence\", on their second self-titled release Crystal Castles.\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel\nSigur Rós\n Jón Þór Birgisson - vocals, guitar\n Georg Hólm - bass\n Kjartan Sveinsson - keyboard, piano\n Orri Páll Dýrason - drums\n\nCharts\n\nRelease history\n\nNotes\n\nSigur Rós songs\n2008 singles\nSong recordings produced by Flood (producer)\nIcelandic-language songs\n2008 songs\nEMI Records singles\nSongs written by Jónsi\nSongs written by Orri Páll Dýrason\nSongs written by Georg Hólm\nSongs written by Kjartan Sveinsson" ]

[ "William Henry Dietz", "Contested heritage" ]

[ "Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish. It was first written in 1335.\n\nThe book is divided into four parts. The first and most well-known part is a series of 51 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.\n\nTales of Count Lucanor was first printed in 1575 when it was published at Seville under the auspices of Argote de Molina. It was again printed at Madrid in 1642, after which it lay forgotten for nearly two centuries.\n\nPurpose and structure\n\nA didactic, moralistic purpose, which would color so much of the Spanish literature to follow (see Novela picaresca), is the mark of this book. Count Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem (\"Some man has made me a proposition...\" or \"I fear that such and such person intends to...\") and asking for advice. Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Count, but offering to tell him a story of which the Count's problem reminds him. (Thus, the stories are \"examples\" [ejemplos] of wise action.) At the end he advises the Count to do as the protagonist of his story did.\n\nEach chapter ends in more or less the same way, with slight variations on: \"And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it well. And Don Johán (Juan) saw that this example was very good, and had it written in this book, and composed the following verses.\" A rhymed couplet closes, giving the moral of the story.\n\nOrigin of stories and influence on later literature\nMany of the stories written in the book are the first examples written in a modern European language of various stories, which many other writers would use in the proceeding centuries. Many of the stories he included were themselves derived from other stories, coming from western and Arab sources.\n\nShakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew has the basic elements of Tale 35, \"What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\".\n\nTale 32, \"What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth\" tells the story that Hans Christian Andersen made popular as The Emperor's New Clothes.\n\nStory 7, \"What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana\", a version of Aesop's The Milkmaid and Her Pail, was claimed by Max Müller to originate in the Hindu cycle Panchatantra.\n\nTale 2, \"What happened to a good Man and his Son, leading a beast to market,\" is the familiar fable The miller, his son and the donkey.\n\nIn 2016, Baroque Decay released a game under the name \"The Count Lucanor\". As well as some protagonists' names, certain events from the books inspired past events in the game.\n\nThe stories\n\nThe book opens with a prologue which introduces the characters of the Count and Patronio. The titles in the following list are those given in Keller and Keating's 1977 translation into English. James York's 1868 translation into English gives a significantly different ordering of the stories and omits the fifty-first.\n\n What Happened to a King and His Favorite \n What Happened to a Good Man and His Son \n How King Richard of England Leapt into the Sea against the Moors\n What a Genoese Said to His Soul When He Was about to Die \n What Happened to a Fox and a Crow Who Had a Piece of Cheese in His Beak\n How the Swallow Warned the Other Birds When She Saw Flax Being Sown \n What Happened to a Woman Named Truhana \n What Happened to a Man Whose Liver Had to Be Washed \n What Happened to Two Horses Which Were Thrown to the Lion \n What Happened to a Man Who on Account of Poverty and Lack of Other Food Was Eating Bitter Lentils \n What Happened to a Dean of Santiago de Compostela and Don Yllán, the Grand Master of Toledo\n What Happened to the Fox and the Rooster \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Hunting Partridges \n The Miracle of Saint Dominick When He Preached against the Usurer \n What Happened to Lorenzo Suárez at the Siege of Seville \n The Reply that count Fernán González Gave to His Relative Núño Laynes \n What Happened to a Very Hungry Man Who Was Half-heartedly Invited to Dinner \n What Happened to Pero Meléndez de Valdés When He Broke His Leg \n What Happened to the Crows and the Owls \n What Happened to a King for Whom a Man Promised to Perform Alchemy \n What Happened to a Young King and a Philosopher to Whom his Father Commended Him \n What Happened to the Lion and the Bull \n How the Ants Provide for Themselves \n What Happened to the King Who Wanted to Test His Three Sons \n What Happened to the Count of Provence and How He Was Freed from Prison by the Advice of Saladin\n What Happened to the Tree of Lies \n What Happened to an Emperor and to Don Alvarfáñez Minaya and Their Wives \n What Happened in Granada to Don Lorenzo Suárez Gallinato When He Beheaded the Renegade Chaplain \n What Happened to a Fox Who Lay down in the Street to Play Dead \n What Happened to King Abenabet of Seville and Ramayquía His Wife \n How a Cardinal Judged between the Canons of Paris and the Friars Minor \n What Happened to the King and the Tricksters Who Made Cloth \n What Happened to Don Juan Manuel's Saker Falcon and an Eagle and a Heron \n What Happened to a Blind Man Who Was Leading Another \n What Happened to a Young Man Who Married a Strong and Ill-tempered Woman\n What Happened to a Merchant When He Found His Son and His Wife Sleeping Together \n What Happened to Count Fernán González with His Men after He Had Won the Battle of Hacinas \n What Happened to a Man Who Was Loaded down with Precious Stones and Drowned in the River \n What Happened to a Man and a Swallow and a Sparrow \n Why the Seneschal of Carcassonne Lost His Soul \n What Happened to a King of Córdova Named Al-Haquem \n What Happened to a Woman of Sham Piety \n What Happened to Good and Evil and the Wise Man and the Madman \n What Happened to Don Pero Núñez the Loyal, to Don Ruy González de Zavallos, and to Don Gutier Roiz de Blaguiello with Don Rodrigo the Generous \n What Happened to a Man Who Became the Devil's Friend and Vassal \n What Happened to a Philosopher who by Accident Went down a Street Where Prostitutes Lived \n What Befell a Moor and His Sister Who Pretended That She Was Timid \n What Happened to a Man Who Tested His Friends \n What Happened to the Man Whom They Cast out Naked on an Island When They Took away from Him the Kingdom He Ruled \n What Happened to Saladin and a Lady, the Wife of a Knight Who Was His Vassal \n What Happened to a Christian King Who Was Very Powerful and Haughty\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Sturm, Harlan\n\n Wacks, David\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Internet Archive provides free access to the 1868 translation by James York.\nJSTOR has the to the 1977 translation by Keller and Keating.\nSelections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in Open Iberia/América (open access teaching anthology)\n\n14th-century books\nSpanish literature\n1335 books", "\"Trail in Life\" is a song written and recorded by Canadian country music artist Dean Brody. It was released in October 2010 as the third single to his 2010 album Trail in Life. The song reached number 81 on the Canadian Hot 100 in early 2011.\n\nContent\nThe narrator is a man who wonders what happened to his teenage mother who gave him up for adoption.\n\nReception\nRoughstock critic Matt Bjorke called it a \"beautifully written and sung song that recalls Garth Brooks’ \"What She's Doing Now\" in some parts but is a much, much more interesting song in that the verses discuss different parts of the narrator's life, from that first love to that college best friend to his life as an adopted child in a loving family.\" He goes on to call it \"personal and intimate.\"\n\nMusic video\nThe music video was directed by Jeth Weinrich and premiered in November 2010. The music video was filmed in Manhattan and Montauk, New York, the video also features scenes set at Long Island’s Deep Hollow Ranch.\n\nChart positions\n\nReferences\n\n2010 singles\nDean Brody songs\nOpen Road Recordings singles\n2010 songs\nSongs written by Dean Brody\nCanadian Country Music Association Single of the Year singles\nCanadian Country Music Association Songwriter(s) of the Year winners" ]

[ "William Henry Dietz", "Contested heritage", "What happened in his personal life?", "after former neighbors who settled on the Pacific Coast heard he was posing as an Indian." ]

[ "\"Witness\" is the 12th episode of the first season of the CW television series The Secret Circle, and the series' 12th episode overall. It was aired on January 19, 2012. The episode was written by Dana Baratta and it was directed by Eagle Egilsson.\n\nPlot\nJake (Chris Zylka) is back in Chance Harbor to warn Cassie (Britt Robertson) about the witch hunters. He tells her that Isaac (JR Bourne) is not interested in killing her anymore because he does not know how to kill a witch with dark magic but the council does. The last time the council tried to kill a witch with dark magic was sixteen years ago when they killed her dad. He tries to convince her that the only way to save herself and the Circle, is to find out what exactly happened in the fire back when their parents died.\n\nJake explains that he was working on a memory spell that will take them on the boat before the fire started. Cassie can get into his memories, since Jake was there but his mind has blocked the events, and they can see what happened. Adam (Thomas Dekker) does not agree with the plan since he thinks it is too risky and they are not sure if it is going to work.\n\nCassie agrees to go on with the spell despite the disagreement. She and Jake do it and they manage to get on the boat and see their parents. Something is not going well and Jake returns to the present, while Cassie stays back and follows Jake's parents. She sees that they wanted to make a truce with the witch hunters but the whole truce plan was a trap and the witch hunters murdered them instead. She also sees Adam's dad, Ethan (Adam Harrington), leaving the boat just before the fire starts.\n\nThe witch hunters try to kill John Blackwell using a ritual, but Blackwell uses a medallion and manages to save himself and kill the witch hunters. Cassie sees that the fire was started by the witch hunters and not by their parents as they all believed since now. Blackwell drops the medallion and leaves the boat.\n\nCassie describes to Jake, Adam and Diana (Shelley Hennig) what she saw and Jake now knows that witchcraft was not what killed his parents but the witch hunters. They also now know that John Blackwell did not die on that boat as everyone says and they wonder if he is still alive. When Cassie says that he saw Adam's father on the boat, Adam says that is impossible because his father told him that he was not there when the fire happened, something that makes them wonder why Ethan would lie about it. Cassie does not mention the medallion and she returns to the boat alone to find it.\n\nIn the meantime, Dawn (Natasha Henstridge) tries to get closer to Charles (Gale Harold) and the crystal but he has been avoiding her. When her attempts fail and Charles tells her that he knows she is up to something and he will find out what it is, she goes to Ethan for help. She manipulates him by telling him that Charles tried to chock her after a fight they had, that he killed Henry and that he has a crystal that helps him practice magic.\n\nEthan calls Charles telling him that he knows about what he is doing and Charles tries to meet him. Ethan manages to take the crystal from him but Charles tells him that Dawn is the one who killed Henry. When Dawn comes to Ethan asking for the crystal, Ethan is not willing to give it to her.\n\nMeanwhile, Faye (Phoebe Tonkin), not wanting to have anything to do with the members of the Circle after what happened, starts hanging out with Lee (Grey Damon). Things get a little dangerous when she meets Lee's friend Callum (Michael Graziadei), who is a drug dealer, and he tells her about \"The Devil's Spirit\". Faye shows to be interested on that drug.\n\nThe episode ends with Jake and Cassie digging Blackwell's grave because they want to know if he is really dead. When they open the coffin though, they see bones of an animal buried in it instead of human's.\n\nReception\n\nRatings\nIn its original American broadcast, \"Witness\" was watched by 1.63 million; down 0.30 from the previous episode.\n\nReviews\n\"Witness\" received positive reviews.\n\nKatherine Miller from The A.V. Club gave a B+ rate to the episode saying that the show finally is getting a direction. \"After six months of casually alluding to it, The Secret Circle finally ventured into the vaunted boat fire mystery that killed a dozen people 17 years ago, via Cassie incepting Jake. And after my huff last week about this show idling around without direction, this show finally rattled some momentum together.\"\n\nMatt Richenthal from TV Fanatic rated the episode with 4.1/5. \"An interrupted kiss. A showdown between Cassie crushes. The revelation that witch hunters are adept at a ritual to remove dark magic and this was exactly what went down 16 years ago during the infamous, deadly fire on the docks.Yes, it's safe to say The Secret Circle got off to an intriguing start on \"Witness,\" as all these developments took place before the eerie \"duh, duh, duh, da-duh...\" of the opening credits.\"\n\nSarah Maines from The TV Chick said that now that we had seen what happened in the past, it's time the story to move forward. \"This all comes from a place where I really like about half of the show and am just tired of dragging my way through the other half every week. This show should be FUN; it has the potential to be fun, but it isn’t. Not yet at least, and I’m not sure how much longer I want to wait.\"\n\nTyler Olson from Crimson Tear said that this episode changes so much. \"Overall, it was a really entertaining episode. Lots of twists and story, but still mixed with just the right amount of action to prevent viewers to get overloaded.\"\n\nFeature music\nIn the \"Witness\" episode we can hear the songs:\n \"Only For You\" by Heartless Bastards\n \"I Had It Coming\" by White Rabbits\n \"Sand\" by Promise And The Monster\n \"Moving On\" by The Grates\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nThe Secret Circle (TV series) episodes\n2012 American television episodes", "\"Loner\" is the 3rd episode of the first season of the CW television series The Secret Circle, and the series' 3rd episode overall. It aired on September 29, 2011. The episode was written by Richard Hatem and it was directed by Colin Bucksey.\n\nPlot\nNow that the Circle has been bound, it seems that its members have lost their individual magic. The only way to do magic is to have at least two of the Circle's members present and that is something that Faye (Phoebe Tonkin) does not like at all.\n\nThere is a school dance coming and Sally (Logan Browning) asks Cassie (Britt Robertson) to help her organize it. Sally does not remember clearly what happened the previous night at the deck, so she tries to make Cassie tell her. Cassie avoids answering, saying that she did not see what exactly happened either.\n\nLuke (Zachary Abel), a student at the school, likes Cassie and he asks Adam (Thomas Dekker) to introduce him to her. Adam does it and Luke asks Cassie to go to the dance with him, but she rejects him. Later, trying to find a way to stay away from Adam, she tells Luke that she will go with him to the dance.\n\nMelissa (Jessica Parker Kennedy) takes the opportunity and uses the dance as an excuse to get closer to Nick (Louis Hunter) by asking him to the dance while Faye is trying to figure out a way to get her individual magic back.\n\nMeanwhile, a man named Zachary (Dave Baez) appears in town and when he sees Cassie, he starts to ask questions about the Circle. He seems to know the truth about them and who they are and, as he says, he will not allow what happened in the past to happen again.\n\nThe members of the Circle search for information about him and they find out that he and his girlfriend Heather (a woman who died in the fire that killed the members of the adult's Circle sixteen years ago) were close friends of Amelia, Cassie's mom. Finding out about this, they believe that he blames their parents for Heather's death and now he is coming after them.\n\nDawn (Natasha Henstridge) and Charles (Gale Harold) find out that Zachary is back in town and he is asking about the Circle. They are trying to warn him to stay away from the kids. Charles meets him to warn him but Zachary hits him and goes to the school dance aiming to kill one of the kids.\n\nThe members of the Circle and Zachary confront him at the school and they manage to knock him down with magic. Dawn gets to the scene and they find an excuse for what happened to cover it up. Dawn tells them that she knows that man and that he has been vandalizing the school for years. Saying that she will take care of him now, she asks the kids to go back to the dance.\n\nThe episode ends with the members of the Circle trying to understand what Zachary meant when he said that Heather did not die in the fire but what Amelia did to her was much worse, while Dawn and Charles \"mark\" Zachary telling him to not get close to their children again.\n\nReception\n\nRatings\nIn its original American broadcast, \"Loner\" was watched by 2.12 million; exact same rating as the previous episode.\n\nReviews\n\"Loner\" received mediocre/positive reviews.\n\nMatt Richenthal from TV Fanatic rated the episode with 4.2/5. \"The show [The Secret Circle] almost suffers from following The Vampire Diaries because it's not as fast-paced as that series (is anything?), which can make it feel slow. But I prefer to think of it as slow developing and enough seeds have been planted for me to anxiously tune in each week, curious about what will soon grow.\"\n\nKatherine Miller from The A.V. Club gave a C+ rate to the episode saying that \"The Secret Circle is concussed\".\n\nTyler Olson from Crimson Tear stated that episode didn't have the charm the first two had. \"Overall, this episode just didn't seem to have the same charm as the first two episodes. Let's hope that as they find more information about what happened to their parents, they will find the path they need in order to get into the pace viewers need.\"\n\nFeature music\nIn the \"Loner\" episode we can hear the songs:\n \"Style\" by Phil Ogden Band\n \"Girls Like You\" by The Naked and Famous\n \"Lovesong\" by Adele\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n2011 American television episodes\nThe Secret Circle (TV series) episodes" ]

[ "William Henry Dietz", "Contested heritage", "What happened in his personal life?", "after former neighbors who settled on the Pacific Coast heard he was posing as an Indian.", "What happened after they get to know that?", "the Federal Bureau of Investigation looked into his heritage after he fraudulently registered for the draft as a \"Non-Citizen Indian\" with an allotment. The" ]

[ "Prevention of the lawful and decent burial of a dead body is an offence under the common law of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Outside of homicide (to be an added count) it is quite rare. It is triable by indictment and can be punished by, at maximum, life imprisonment, an unlimited fine or both.\n\nAn example of the offence, standalone, is detaining a body, for instance upon a claim for fees or a debt, refusing to deliver it to the executors for burial, or when entrusted with it for burial selling for dissection. \n\nBurning a body instead of burying it was not illegal. It is now an offence to burn a body otherwise than in an approved crematorium.\n\nDisposing of the dead body of a child with intent to conceal the birth (regardless as to when he or she died) is a different offence; that under section 60 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861.\n\nRecent cases\nHans Kristian Rausing, heir to Hans Rausing who owns the multinational food packaging and processing company Tetra Pak, was charged with the offence on 17 July 2012 after police discovered the corpse of his wife, Eva. He received a suspended prison sentence.\n\nNathan Matthews and his girlfriend, Shauna Hoare were charged then convicted with this after murdering Becky Watts; the defence team received substantial legal aid principally due to the absence of witnesses of the killing.\n\nReferences\n\nCrimes \nCommon law offences in England and Wales\nEnglish criminal law\nBurials in the United Kingdom", "Xiaolian (; literally \"filial and incorrupt\"), was the standard of nominating civil officers started by Emperor Wu of Han in 134 BC. It lasted until its replacement by the imperial examination system during the Sui Dynasty. In Confucian philosophy, filial piety is a virtue of respect for one's parents and ancestors.\n\nUnder the advice of Dong Zhongshu, Emperor Wu ordered each commandery to recommend one filial and one incorrupt candidate for civil offices. Later the nomination became proportional; Emperor He of Han changed the proportion to one candidate for every 200,000 residents, and one for every 100,000 residents in ethnic minority regions. The nominator was also responsible if the nominee was charged with corruption, and could be punished if he refused to nominate qualified individuals.\n\nAfter the Han dynasty, high positions were usually nominated according to the Nine-rank system, so Xiaolian became increasingly unimportant. During the Sui dynasty, both systems were replaced by the imperial examination system.\n\nReferences\n\nEducation in China\nHistory of Imperial China\n134 BC\n2nd-century BC establishments in China\n130s BC establishments" ]

[ "William Henry Dietz", "Contested heritage", "What happened in his personal life?", "after former neighbors who settled on the Pacific Coast heard he was posing as an Indian.", "What happened after they get to know that?", "the Federal Bureau of Investigation looked into his heritage after he fraudulently registered for the draft as a \"Non-Citizen Indian\" with an allotment. The", "Was he punished or charged for this?", "The second trial resulted in a sentence of 30 days in the Spokane County Jail after he pleaded \"no contest\"." ]

[ "Calle Real (Royal Street in Spanish), officially named as J.M. Basa Street, is a historic street located in the old downtown district Iloilo City Proper of Iloilo City, Philippines.The street often referred to as the \"Escolta of Iloilo\". It is home to several fine examples of historic luxury American era neoclassical, beaux-arts, and art deco buildings. The street has been famous since the Spanish Era. However, its importance has dwindled and the street has become less maintained; yet there have been efforts to revitalize the street, which include the restoration of the historic buildings along the street and beautification projects.\n\nThe street's heritage designation by the local government, has been expanded into a zone known as Calle Real Heritage Zone which covers the long stretch of J.M. Basa and the streets and thoroughfares of Aldeguer, Mapa, Ortiz, Muelle Loney (Loney Wharf), Solis, Rizal, Iznart (from Chinese Arch to Iloilo Central Market).\n\nHistory\n\nEven during the Spanish Era, this street was the main street of commerce for Iloilo. José Rizal was even impressed by the city during his arrival.\n\nDuring the early period of American occupation of the Philippines, Calle Real was known as a hub of high-end shopping outlets selling products from Europe.\n\nThe street was officially renamed in honor of Jose Maria Basa, a Filipino businessman-propagandist who was a compatriot of José Rizal. The street remained popularly known as \"Calle Real\". The name would also be later used to refer to the central business district of Iloilo City.\n\nThe Art-Deco buildings and other structures along the street deteriorated but remained to be a shopping hub of the city. Calle Real as a district consisting of Aldeguer, Guanco and Iznart, J. M. Basa, and Mapa streets was declared an Iloilo City heritage zone by the virtue of Ordinance No. 00-054, also known as the Local Cultural Heritage Conservation Ordinance which established the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council (ICCHC).\n\nThe National Historical Commission of the Philippines declared Calle Real as a district and a heritage zone on August 8, 2014 with the unveiling of a historical marker outside the Villanueva Building. Its current restoration has been a public-private partnership between the government and the Iloilo Cultural Heritage Foundation, Inc. (ICHFI).\n\nOther efforts to revitalize the district include the pedestrianization of Calle Real, burying of utility wires, and minimizing obstructive advertisements. Regarding pedestrianization, experimentations have been done, including closing the road during Sundays, but permanent pedestrianization is still contested. Cultural performances are staged to promote Ilonggo heritage and to attract domestic and foreign tourists. The experimentation ended on March 9, 2014; the Philippine Chamber of Commerce Iloilo wished to make this permanent, citing this opportunity to make walking viable and to take pride in the newly rehabilitated heritage buildings of the street.\n\nBuildings\n\nCalle Real Proper\n\nCalle Real is noted for its historic buildings, many of which were built between the late 19th century and the early 20th century.\n\n Edificio de E/R Villanueva - Dating back to 1927, the E/R Villanueva Building was once known as the International Hotel, which hosted American, British, Spanish patrons as well as Chinese bankers, merchants and bankers. It fell into disuse and deteriorated. It was in 2012 that the building was restored.\n Edificio de. S. Villanueva\n Edificio de Celso Ledesma\n Teatro Regente \n Edificio/Cine Aguila\n Aduana de Iloilo - Iloilo Customs House, the largest Customs House outside Manila. One of the only three heritage customs houses in the country after the ones in Manila and Cebu.\n Edificio de Elizalde y Compañia (Cia) - A Bahay-na-bato styled edifice now houses the Philippine Museum of Economic History, the first museum dedicated to economic history in the Philippines.\n Guadarrama\n Hoskyn's Department Store - first Department store outside of Manila.\n\nSee also \n Calle Escolta\n Colon Street\n\nReferences\n\nStreets in the Philippines\nTourist attractions in Iloilo City", "The Heritage at Millennium Park, located at 130 N. Garland Court in Chicago, Illinois is a mixed-use tower. Completed in 2005, with a height of and 57 floors, the building was designed by the architectural firm Solomon Cordwell Buenz (architects of Legacy Tower as well). It is the 36th-tallest building in Chicago. In what is becoming common practice with newer buildings , the Heritage preserves and makes use of the façades of four existing buildings in its base.\n\nThe Heritage is located directly to the west of Millennium Park, with unobstructed views of Millennium Park, parts of Grant Park, and Lake Michigan. It is directly opposite the Marshall Field and Company Building on Wabash Avenue. It has a private indoor pool, health club, dog run, party room, rooftop deck, and indoor parking. The tower is included in the extensive downtown underground pedway system. In addition to condominiums, the Heritage also contains ground floor retail space.\n\nTrivia\n\nIt was said that Mayor Richard M. Daley was considering moving to the tower, but later decided to stay put in his South Loop residence as noted in an article in the Chicago Tribune in November 2005.\n\nAccording to the 2000 census, 16,388 people live in the Loop. More recently , 60602 was named by Forbes as the hottest zip code in the country , with upscale buildings such as the Heritage at Millennium Park leading the way for other buildings such as Waterview Tower, The Legacy at Millennium Park and Momo. The median sale price for residential real estate was $710,000 in 2005 according to Forbes. The average sale price at the Heritage in 2006 was $1.283 million according to data from the MLS and Rubloff.\n\nThe building bears a slight resemblance to One Rincon Hill in San Francisco which was designed by the same architectural firm.\n\nPosition in skyline\n\nSee also\nList of buildings\nList of skyscrapers\nList of tallest buildings in Chicago\nList of tallest buildings in the United States\nWorld's tallest structures\n\nReferences\n\nInline\n\n Emporis listing - The Heritage at Millennium Park\n\nExternal links\nThe Heritage at Millennium Park Condominium Sales & Rental Website\nCondominium Association website\n\nResidential condominiums in Chicago\nResidential skyscrapers in Chicago\nResidential buildings completed in 2005\n2005 establishments in Illinois" ]

[ "William Henry Dietz", "Contested heritage", "What happened in his personal life?", "after former neighbors who settled on the Pacific Coast heard he was posing as an Indian.", "What happened after they get to know that?", "the Federal Bureau of Investigation looked into his heritage after he fraudulently registered for the draft as a \"Non-Citizen Indian\" with an allotment. The", "Was he punished or charged for this?", "The second trial resulted in a sentence of 30 days in the Spokane County Jail after he pleaded \"no contest\".", "What was his real heritage?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "William Henry Dietz", "Contested heritage", "What happened in his personal life?", "after former neighbors who settled on the Pacific Coast heard he was posing as an Indian.", "What happened after they get to know that?", "the Federal Bureau of Investigation looked into his heritage after he fraudulently registered for the draft as a \"Non-Citizen Indian\" with an allotment. The", "Was he punished or charged for this?", "The second trial resulted in a sentence of 30 days in the Spokane County Jail after he pleaded \"no contest\".", "What was his real heritage?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Dietz's mother Leanna claimed he was the Indian son of her husband who had been switched a week or more after she had a stillbirth." ]

[ "\"Go Insane\" is the title track of Lindsey Buckingham's second solo album. Released as a single on July 3, 1984, it became Buckingham's second top 40 hit (after \"Trouble\", three years earlier). \"Go Insane\" is also Buckingham's most recent U.S. solo hit (peaking at #23 in the Billboard Hot 100 chart); on the other hand, it did not chart in the United Kingdom.\n\nLyrics\nWhen asked about the lyrics of \"Go Insane\", he explained:\n\nIn later years, Buckingham has stated that the song, \"Go Insane\", was actually written about his 7-year-old (at that time) post-break up relationship with former lover, Stevie Nicks.\n“We were disintegrating as couples, by virtue of that, we were suffering as people. So in order to get work done, I had to go through this elaborate exercise in denial – leaving whole areas of baggage on the other side of the room, compartmentalize feelings... no time to get closure, to work things out... working in a very highly charged and ambivalent environment. So the go insane thing – would just be whenever I let my guard down and got back to all the things I hadn’t dealt with, it was almost like going insane – like I always do. Took a long, long time, working in an artificial environment on a personal level. So many things not worked through for a long, long time.\" – Lindsey Buckingham \n\n“Stevie, at some point her persona onstage was latched onto and she was in a sense called away by a larger world and separated on her own from me.”- Lindsey Buckingham\n\nPersonnel\n Lindsey Buckingham – vocals, guitars, keyboards, percussion, Fairlight CMI, LinnDrum\n Bryant Simpson – bass guitar\n\nChart history\n\nOther versions\nAt concerts, notably on The Dance, he did an acoustic fingerstyle version of \"Go Insane\", which featured just him and a nylon-string guitar.\nDuring the 2008 Gift of Screws tour, as well as Fleetwood Mac's 2009 Unleashed tour, he played the original version of the song. He returned to performing the solo acoustic version on his 2011 Seeds We Sow tour.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Lyrics, Interpretation, and Tabs\n \n\n1984 singles\nSongs written by Lindsey Buckingham\nLindsey Buckingham songs\n1984 songs\nReprise Records singles\nWarner Music Group singles", "Amigos y Rivales KR 2 is the second season of the Peruvian reality show: Amigos y Rivales KR who mix different talents: Dancing, singing and acting, where six couples of famous people will compete with each other.\n\nCouples\n\nProgress\n\n This couple was saved in the challenge to go to Risk for the audience.\n This couple won the week challenge and was safe to go to Risk.\n This couple lose the challenge and go to Risk, winning it.\n This couple lose the challenge and go to Risk, and was saved for the audience.\n This couple lose the challenge and go to Risk, and wasn't saved for nobody, being eliminated.\n This couple lose the challenge and is actually in Risk.\n\nReferences\n\nPeruvian reality television series" ]

[ "William Henry Dietz", "Contested heritage", "What happened in his personal life?", "after former neighbors who settled on the Pacific Coast heard he was posing as an Indian.", "What happened after they get to know that?", "the Federal Bureau of Investigation looked into his heritage after he fraudulently registered for the draft as a \"Non-Citizen Indian\" with an allotment. The", "Was he punished or charged for this?", "The second trial resulted in a sentence of 30 days in the Spokane County Jail after he pleaded \"no contest\".", "What was his real heritage?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Dietz's mother Leanna claimed he was the Indian son of her husband who had been switched a week or more after she had a stillbirth.", "Did the couples go along very well?", "Dietz divorced De Cora" ]

[ "Colasterion (from the Greek word for \"instrument of punishment\" or \"house of correction\") was published by John Milton with his Tetrachordon on 4 March 1645. The tract is a response to an anonymous pamphlet attacking the first edition of The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce. Milton makes no new arguments, but harshly takes to task the \"trivial author\".\n\nBackground\n\nMilton married in Spring 1642, and shortly after, his wife Marie Powell, left him and returned to live with her mother. The legal statutes of England did not allow for Milton to apply for a divorce and he resorted to promoting the lawfulness of divorce. Although the laws did not change, he wrote four tracts on the topic of divorce, with The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce as his first tract. The first tract was created during a time of humiliation, and Milton was motivated towards writing on the topic after reading the work of Martin Bucer on divorce. Although it is impossible to know why exactly Powell separated from Milton, it is possible that Powell's family, a strong royalist family, caused a political difference that was exacerbated by the English Civil War.\n\nDuring the time of composing the tracts, Milton attempted to pursue another woman known only as Miss Davis, but this resulted in failure. He continued to pursue the topic until his wife returned to him and they were to reconcile. This reconciliation could have come in part from the failure of the royalists, including Powell's family, to prevail during the English Civil War and lacking justification to further distance themselves from Milton. According to George Thomason, an early collector of English Civil War tracts, Colasterion was published on 4 March 1645 along with Tetrachordon.\n\nTract\nColasterion is a personal response to the anonymous pamphlet An Answer to a Book, Intituled, The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, or, A Pleas for Ladies and Gentlewomen, and all other Married Women against Divorce (1644). The work contains many insults against the anonymous author, including \"wind-egg\", \"Serving-man\", and \"conspicuous gull\". In the tract, Milton promotes an idea of separation, and, in his situation, a separation from his previous wife.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n Miller, Leo. John Milton among the Polygamophiles. New York: Loewenthal Press, 1974.\n Milton, John. Complete Prose Works of John Milton Vol II ed. Don Wolfe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959.\n Patterson, Annabel. \"Milton, Marriage and Divorce\" in A Companion to Milton. Ed. Thomas Corns. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003.\n\nWorks by John Milton\n1645 books", "The relationship between religion and divorce is complicated and varied. Different religions have different perceptions of divorce. Some religions accept divorce as a fact of life, while others only believe it is right under certain circumstances like adultery. Also, some religions allow remarriage after divorce, and others believe it is inherently wrong. This article attempts to summarize these viewpoints of major world religions and some important traditions regarding divorce in each faith.\n\nChristianity\n\nThe great majority of Christian denominations affirm that marriage is intended as a lifelong covenant, but vary in their response to its dissolubility through divorce. The Catholic Church treats all consummated sacramental marriages as permanent during the life of the spouses, and therefore does not allow remarriage after a divorce if the other spouse still lives and the marriage has not been annulled. However, divorced Catholics are still welcome to participate fully in the life of the church so long as they have not remarried against church law, and the Catholic Church generally requires civil divorce or annulment procedures to have been completed before it will consider annulment cases. Annulment is not the same as divorce - it is a declaration that the marriage was never valid to begin with. Other Christian denominations, including the Eastern Orthodox Church and many Protestant churches, will allow both divorce and remarriage even with a surviving former spouse, at least under certain conditions. For example, the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection, in its 2014 Discipline, teaches:\n\nIn societies that practised Puritanism, divorce was allowed if one partner in the marriage was not completely satisfied with the other, and remarriage was also allowed. The Church of England also took an indissolublist line until 2002, when it agreed to allow a divorced person to remarry in church during a former spouse's lifetime under \"exceptional circumstances.\"\n\nBible commentary on divorce comes primarily from the gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and the epistles of Paul. Jesus taught on the subject of divorce in three of the Gospels, and Paul gives a rather extensive treatment of the subject in his First Epistle to the Corinthians chapter 7: \"Let not the wife depart from her husband...let not the husband put away his wife\" (1 Corinthians 7:10-11), but he also includes the Pauline privilege. He again alludes to his position on divorce in his Epistle to the Romans, albeit an allegory, when he states \"For the woman which hath an husband is bound by the law to her husband so long as he liveth. . . . So then if, while her husband liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress\" (Romans 7:2-3).\n\nIn , and , Jesus came into conflict with the Pharisees over divorce concerning their well-known controversy between Hillel and Shammai about —as evidenced in Nashim Gittin 9:10 of the Mishnah. Do Jesus’ answers to the Pharisees also pertain to Christians? Are Christians who adopt these teachings Judaizers? The differences in opinions about these questions usually arise over whether Jesus opposed the Law of Moses or just some of the viewpoints of the Pharisees, and whether Jesus just addressed a Jewish audience or expanded his audience to include Christians, for example \"all nations\" as in the Great Commission.\n\nSince Deuteronomy 24:1-4 did not give Jewish women the right to directly initiate a divorce (See Agunah), did Jesus' answers \"in the house\" to his disciples expand the rights of women or did they merely acknowledge that some Jewish women, such as Herodias who divorced Herod Boethus, were wrongfully taking rights because Jewish women were being assimilated by other cultures? (See , .) In other words, did Jesus confine his remarks to the Pharisaical questions, and did he appeal to his own authority by refuting the oral authority of the Pharisees with the formula \"You have heard...But I say to you\" in ? Expressions used by Jesus such as \"you have heard\", \"it hath been said\", \"it is written\", \"have you never read\", \"keep the commandments\", \"why do you break the commandments with your traditions?\" and \"what did Moses Command you?\" seem to indicate that Jesus generally respected the Hebrew Bible and sometimes opposed Pharisaical Opinions. He was critical of the Pharisees.\n\nBuddhism\nBuddhism has no religious concept of marriage (see Buddhist view of marriage). In Buddhism, marriage is a secular affair, subject to local customs.\n\nIslam\n\nAccording to the Quran, marriage is intended to be unbounded in time, but when marital harmony cannot be attained, the Quran allows the spouses to bring the marriage to an end (2:231). Divorce in Islam can take a variety of forms, some initiated by the husband and some initiated by the wife. The main traditional legal categories are talaq (repudiation), khulʿ (mutual divorce), judicial divorce and oaths. The theory and practice of divorce in the Islamic world have varied according to time and place. Historically, the rules of divorce were governed by sharia, as interpreted by traditional Islamic jurisprudence, and they differed depending on the legal school. Historical practice sometimes diverged from legal theory. In modern times, as personal status (family) laws were codified, they generally remained \"within the orbit of Islamic law\", but control over the norms of divorce shifted from traditional jurists to the state.\n\nJudaism\nJudaism has always accepted divorce as a fact of life, though an unfortunate one. Judaism generally maintains that it is better for a couple to divorce than to remain together in a state of bitterness and strife. It is said that shalom bayit (domestic harmony) is a desirable state.\n\nLegal procedures\nIn general, it is accepted that for a Jewish divorce to be effective the husband must hand to the wife, and not vice versa, a bill of divorce called a get, while witnesses observe. Although the get is mainly used as proof of the divorce, sometimes the wife will tear the get to signal the end of the marriage and to ensure it is not reused. However, from ancient times, the get was considered to be very important to show all those who needed to have proof that the woman was in fact free from the previous marriage and free to remarry. In Jewish law, besides other things, the consequences of a woman remarrying and having a child while still legally married to another is profound: the child would be a mamzer, an \"estranged person\" to be avoided. Also, the woman would be committing adultery should she remarry while still legally married to another. An enactment called Herem de-Rabbenu Gershom (the proscription of Gershom ben Judah, accepted universally throughout European Jewish communities), prohibited a husband from divorcing his wife against her will.\n\nIn halakha (Jewish law), divorce is an act of the parties to the marriage, which is different from the approach adopted by many other legal systems. That is, a Jewish divorce does not require a decree from a court. The function of the court, in the absence of agreement between the parties, is to decide whether the husband should be compelled to give the get or for the wife to accept the get. But, notwithstanding any such ruling, the parties remain married until such time as the husband actually delivers the get.\n\nJewish law, in effect, does not require proof or even an allegation of moral or other fault by either party. If both parties agree to a divorce and follow the prescribed procedure, then the court would not need to establish responsibility for the marriage break-down. In this sense it is a \"no-fault\" approach to divorce.\n\nA woman who has been refused a get is typically referred to as an \"agunah\". Where pre-nuptial agreements are enforceable in civil courts, appropriate provisions may be made to compel the giving of the get by the husband in the event of a civil divorce being obtained. However, this approach has not been accepted universally, particularly by the Orthodox.\n\nA wife can initiate a divorce process on several grounds (including lack of satisfaction in her sexual life). However, this right extends only so far as petitioning a court to force her husband to divorce her.\n\nOne part of the complex process of divorce in Judaism, is the creation of the get itself. The get is crafted with great care and responsibility in order to ensure that no mistakes create consequences in the future. For example, exactly twelve lines are written in permanent ink telling the names of both parties, place, and time of the divorce. Because of the danger of the birth of mamzerim if the process is not performed properly, and because divorce law is extraordinarily complex, the process is generally supervised by experts.\n\nPhilosophical approaches\n\nFrom the philosophical and mystical point of view, divorce is a unique procedure of tremendous importance and complexity, because it nullifies the holiest of connections that can exist in the Universe (similar to a connection between a person and God).\n\nIn some Jewish mythologies, Adam had a wife before Eve named Lilith who left him. The earliest historically documentation of this legend appears in the 8th-10th centuries Alphabet of Ben Sira. Whether this particular tradition is older is not known.\n\nOthers\n\nWicca\nThe Wiccan equivalent of a divorce is described as a handparting. Wiccans traditionally see either a high priest or high priestess to discuss things out before a divorce. However a handfasting (marriage) that falls apart peacefully does not necessarily need a handparting.\n\nUnitarian Universalism\nIn Unitarian Universalism, because they affirm the \"right of conscience\", divorce is allowed and should be a decision by the individual person and is seen as ending a rite of passage. Such divorces have sometimes taken the form of divorce rituals as far back as the 1960s. Divorces are largely seen as a life choice.\n\nHinduism\nIn Hinduism Divorce and Remarriage is allowed. Arthashastra which is one of the sastras in Hinduism says:\n\nA woman, hating\nher husband, can not dissolve her marriage with him against his\nwill. Nor can a man dissolve his marriage with his wife against her\nwill. But from mutual enmity, divorce may be obtained\n(parasparam dveshánmokshah). If a man, apprehending danger\nfrom his wife desires divorce (mokshamichhet), he shall return to\nher whatever she was given (on the occasion of her marriage). If a\nwoman, under the apprehension of danger from her husband,\ndesires divorce, she shall forfeit her claim to her property\n\nReferences \n\nhttp://www.bibleissues.org, https://web.archive.org/web/20091027092358/http://geocities.com/dcheddie/divorce1.html, http://students.eng.fiu.edu/~denver/divorce1.html\n\nFurther reading\n Amato, Paul R. and Alan Booth. A Generation at Risk: Growing Up in an Era of Family Upheaval. Harvard University Press, 1997. and . Reviews and information at \n Gallagher, Maggie. \"The Abolition of Marriage.\" Regnery Publishing, 1996. .\n Lester, David. \"Time-Series Versus Regional Correlates of Rates of Personal Violence.\" Death Studies 1993: 529–534.\n McLanahan, Sara and Gary Sandefur. Growing Up with a Single Parent; What Hurts, What Helps. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994: 82.\n Morowitz, Harold J. \"Hiding in the Hammond Report.\" Hospital Practice August 1975; 39.\n Office for National Statistics (UK). Mortality Statistics: Childhood, Infant and Perinatal, Review of the Registrar General on Deaths in England and Wales, 2000, Series DH3 33, 2002.\n U.S. Bureau of the Census. Marriage and Divorce. General US survey information. \n U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Survey of Divorce (link obsolete).\n\nDivorce\nDivorce\nDivorce" ]

[ "William Henry Dietz", "Contested heritage", "What happened in his personal life?", "after former neighbors who settled on the Pacific Coast heard he was posing as an Indian.", "What happened after they get to know that?", "the Federal Bureau of Investigation looked into his heritage after he fraudulently registered for the draft as a \"Non-Citizen Indian\" with an allotment. The", "Was he punished or charged for this?", "The second trial resulted in a sentence of 30 days in the Spokane County Jail after he pleaded \"no contest\".", "What was his real heritage?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Dietz's mother Leanna claimed he was the Indian son of her husband who had been switched a week or more after she had a stillbirth.", "Did the couples go along very well?", "Dietz divorced De Cora", "Why did they divorce?", "charging her with abandonment. It" ]

[ "Komolac is one of two city districts Dubrovnik, Croatia, which are located in the region of Rijeka Dubrovacka. It includes the populated places of Komolac, Rozat, Prijevor and Sumet. Komolac is known for its waterfall of the shortest river in the world, the Ombla. The falls have been supplying the city of Dubrovnik with drinking water since the time of the Republic of Dubrovnik, more precisely since 1438, when the first Dubrovnik water supply system was put into operation. Among other sights, it is worth mentioning the Church of The Holy Spirit, the Church of the Annunciation, the Church of St. Tripun, the House Gundulic, the summer House Bizzaro - Facenda, Summer House Pero Kolic and Summer House Sokorcevic - Skala, which are entered in the Registar of Cultural Heritage of The Republic of Croatia. A monument to the fallen veterans in Komolac, unveiled on May 26, 2017, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the liberation of Dubrovnik, is also located in Komolac.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nPopulated places in Dubrovnik-Neretva County", "The aim of the Montcada Municipal Museum (), founded in 1982 and housed in the old Casa de la Vila de Montcada i Reixac (Vallès Occidental) since 1987, aims to recover, conserve and protect local heritage. Among its collection, it is worth mentioning the findings from the Iberian settlement of Les Maleses, in the Serralada de Marina Natural Park. The museum also has a permanent exhibition divided into five areas: the environment, mineralogy and palaeontology; prehistory; the Iberian world; medieval and modern Montcada; and, finally, contemporary Montcada. The Museum is part of the Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Museum page at City Council website\n Local Museum Network website\n\nMuseums established in 1982\nBarcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network\nMontcada i Reixac\nBuildings and structures in Vallès Occidental\nHistory museums in Catalonia\nLocal museums in Spain\n1982 establishments in Spain" ]

[ "William Henry Dietz", "Contested heritage", "What happened in his personal life?", "after former neighbors who settled on the Pacific Coast heard he was posing as an Indian.", "What happened after they get to know that?", "the Federal Bureau of Investigation looked into his heritage after he fraudulently registered for the draft as a \"Non-Citizen Indian\" with an allotment. The", "Was he punished or charged for this?", "The second trial resulted in a sentence of 30 days in the Spokane County Jail after he pleaded \"no contest\".", "What was his real heritage?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Dietz's mother Leanna claimed he was the Indian son of her husband who had been switched a week or more after she had a stillbirth.", "Did the couples go along very well?", "Dietz divorced De Cora", "Why did they divorce?", "charging her with abandonment. It", "Which other names were worth mentioning in the contested Heritage?", "One Star's sister, Sallie Eaglehorse," ]

[ "Elections to Peterborough City Council took place on 7 May 2021. 23 of the 60 seats were contested. The election was held alongside the elections for the Cambridgeshire Police and Crime Commissioner and Mayor of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough.\n\nCurrent political makeup\n Conservative: 13 defences (14 other seats)\n Labour and Co-op: 3 defences (14 other seats)\n Lib Dem: 3 defences (7 other seats)\n Werrington First: 1 defence (2 other seats)\n Liberal: 1 defence (0 other seats)\n Green 0 defences (2 other seats)\n\nSummary\n\nWard results\n(* indicates sitting councillor)\n\nBarnack\n\nThis seat was last contested in 2016.\n\nBretton\n\nThis seat was last contested in 2019. Green (5.7% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nCentral\n\nThis seat was last contested in 2019. UKIP (5.1% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nDogsthorpe\n\nThe incumbent, Chris Ash (Liberal Party), is not seeking re-election. This seat was last contested in 2019. Veterans and People's Party (5.1% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nEast\n\nThe incumbent, Azher Iqbal (CON) was not seeking re-election. This seat was last contested in 2019.\n\nEye, Thorney & Newborough\n\nThis seat was last contested in 2019. UKIP (14.8% in 2019) and SDP (7.9% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nFletton & Stanground\n\nThe incumbent, James Lillis (Lib Dem), was not seeking re-election. This seat was last contested in 2019. UKIP (16.0% in 2019) did not contest this time, although the previous candidate stood as an independent.\n\nFletton & Woodston\n\nOne vacant seat is up for election, alongside the incumbent.\n\nGlinton & Castor\n\nThe incumbent was outgoing Council Leader John Holdich (CON). This seat was last contested in 2019.\n\nGunthorpe\n\nThe incumbent was Darren Fower, elected as a Lib Dem, but sitting as Labour. He did not seek re-election. This seat was last contested in 2019. UKIP (9.3% in 2019) and Green (3.6% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nHampton Vale\n\nThe incumbent David Seaton (CON), was not seeking re-election. This seat was last contested in 2019. Green (5.4% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nHargate & Hempsted\n\nThis was a vacant seat due to the death of the sitting Conservative councillor. This seat was last contested in 2019.\n\nNorth\n\nThe incumbent Mohammed Nadeem (CON), was not seeking re-election. This seat was last contested in 2019. UKIP (9.9% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nOrton Longueville\n\nThis seat was last contested in 2019. UKIP (16.7% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nOrton Waterville\n\nThe incumbent Kim Aitken (CON), was not seeking re-election. This seat was last contested in 2019.\n\nPark\n\nThe incumbent was Labour group leader. This seat was last contested in 2019. Green (5.8% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nPaston & Walton\n\nThe incumbent was the Liberal Democrat group leader. This seat was last contested in 2019. UKIP (15.5% in 2019) and Green (4.5% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nRavensthorpe\n\nThis seat was last contested in 2019. UKIP (12.7% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nStanground South\n\nThis seat was last contested in 2019. UKIP (17.8% in 2019) did not contest this time.\n\nWerrington\n\nThis seat was last contested in 2019.\n\nWest\n\nThis seat was last contested in 2019.\n\nWittering\n\nThe incumbent Diane Lamb (CON), was not seeking re-election. This seat was last contested in 2016.\n\nReferences\n\n2021\nPeterborough\n2020s in Cambridgeshire", "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)" ]

[ "Jessica Alba", "2010-present" ]

[ "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)", "Kylie Watson (born 7 May 1978) is an Australian actress, interior designer and model. She is best known for playing Shauna Bradley in the Australian soap opera Home and Away between 1999 and 2002. She is now a successful interior designer.\n\nCareer\nIn her teens, Watson was an international model, travelling to Asia for several contracts.\n\nIn February 1999, Watson received an audition for Home and Away. However, she decided not to attend the audition because she did not think she stood a chance of winning the part. Her agent persuaded her to change her mind and she went on to receive the role of Shauna Bradley. It was her first acting role and she revealed \"So at that point, I thought 'What am I going to do? I've never done this before, never acted in my life.' My agent booked me into acting classes – I think I had about eight weeks before I started so I was absolutely petrified. I think I was really bad, to be honest, at the beginning. But like anything if you really put your mind to it and love what you do, you invest the time to grow and educate yourself and I did do that.\"\n\nAfter leaving Home and Away in 2002, Watson completed a diploma in interior design. She began her own business called KW Design.\n\nIn 2009, Watson starred in Lightswitch, a short film directed by Emma Keltie and written by Natalie Krikowa and Penny Glasswell. The film played at various LGBT festivals.\n\nPersonal life\nWatson is lesbian. She came out in an issue of Cherrie magazine in March 2008. Watson told Katrina Fox \"I've never made a point of letting people know about my sexuality because I've never thought it was relevant, but it's who I am and I'm not ashamed of it. However in saying that, I think in this particular day it's a lot easier to be identified as a not-so-straight woman particularly with The L Word series out where it's glamorised if you like; it's almost a bit of a fad like we're in fashion.\"\n\nFilmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nAustralian soap opera actresses\nAustralian interior designers\n1978 births\nLiving people\nAustralian lesbian actresses" ]

[ "Jessica Alba", "2010-present", "what did she do in 2010?", "2010, Alba starred in five films." ]

[ "Semillas que el mar arrastra is a 2008 documentary film.\n\nSynopsis\nIn Africa there are many children that dream of crossing the sea, leaving their families and homes behind, believing that they'll have a real chance on the other side. Those that manage to make the crossing soon discover that reality is far from what they had imagined when they find themselves in the internment centers. This documentary lends its voice to those under age immigrants that long for a better life.\n\nAwards\n Festival Image & Vie 2007\n\nExternal links\n\n2008 films\nSenegalese films\nSpanish films\nSenegalese documentary films\nSpanish documentary films\n2008 documentary films\nDocumentary films about immigration", "Reflections is a 2005 short silent film written, produced and directed by Bejoy Nambiar, starring Mohanlal, Juhi Babbar, and Vidula Bhave.\n\nPlot\nMohanlal plays the main character, a loner who looks at those around him and daydreams about what his life could be like, putting himself in the place of those who are more fulfilled than he is.\n\nCast\n\n Mohanlal\n Juhi Babbar\n Vidula Bhave\n Sunil Santanam\n Ahlam Khan\n Jaideep Pandit\n\nProduction\nReflections is the debut directorial of Bejoy Nambiar. The film was shot in three days, the post-production was completed in eight months.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nIndian films\nIndian short films\n2005 films\nSilent films" ]

[ "Jessica Alba", "2010-present", "what did she do in 2010?", "2010, Alba starred in five films.", "What were those films?", "She also played Joyce Lakeland, a prostitute in The Killer Inside Me, a film adaption of the book of the same name" ]

[ "Nena Danevic is a film editor who was nominated at the 57th Academy Awards for Best Film Editing. She was nominated for Amadeus. She shared her nomination with Michael Chandler.\n\nShe did win at the 39th British Academy Film Awards for Best Editing. Also for Amadeus with Michael Chandler.\n\nShe also won at the American Cinema Editors awards.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nBest Editing BAFTA Award winners\nFilm editors\nPossibly living people\nYear of birth missing (living people)", "Sheena Napier is a British costume designer who was nominated at the 65th Academy Awards for her work on the film Enchanted April, for which she was nominated for Best Costumes.\n\nIn addition she did win at the BAFTA Television Awards for the TV film Parade's End, which she was also nominated for an Emmy for.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nBritish costume designers\nLiving people\nBAFTA winners (people)\nWomen costume designers\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Jessica Alba", "2010-present", "what did she do in 2010?", "2010, Alba starred in five films.", "What were those films?", "She also played Joyce Lakeland, a prostitute in The Killer Inside Me, a film adaption of the book of the same name", "did she win any awards?", "She won a Teen Choice for Choice Movie Actress: Horror/Thriller and a Razzie Award for Worst Actress-nomination." ]

[ "\"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, Affection. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan.\n\nIn 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Affection and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology. They were also featured on The Collection 1989–2003 box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales.\n\nCritical reception\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. Matthew Hocter from Albumism viewed it as a \"upbeat offering\". David Giles from Music Week said it is \"beautifully performed\" by Stansfield. A reviewer from Reading Eagle wrote that \"What Did I Do to You?\" \"would be right at home on the \"Saturday Night Fever\" soundtrack.\"\n\nMusic video\nA music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Philip Richardson, who had previously directed the videos for \"All Around the World\" and \"Live Together\". It features Stansfield with her kiss curls, dressed in a white outfit and performing with her band on a stage in front of a jumping audience. The video was later published on Stansfield's official YouTube channel in November 2009. It has amassed more than 1,6 million views as of October 2021.\n\nTrack listings\n\n European/UK 7\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK/Japanese CD single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix Edit) – 4:20\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n UK 10\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Mark Saunders Remix) – 5:52\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 5:19\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 4:17\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:59\n\n European/UK 12\" single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"My Apple Heart\" – 4:22\n\"Lay Me Down\" – 3:19\n\"Something's Happenin'\" – 3:15\n\n UK 12\" promotional single\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Morales Mix) – 7:59\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Anti Poll Tax Dub) – 6:31\n\n Other remixes\n\"What Did I Do to You?\" (Red Zone Mix) – 7:45\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nLisa Stansfield songs\n1990 singles\nSongs written by Lisa Stansfield\n1989 songs\nArista Records singles\nSongs written by Ian Devaney\nSongs written by Andy Morris (musician)", "Kylie Watson (born 7 May 1978) is an Australian actress, interior designer and model. She is best known for playing Shauna Bradley in the Australian soap opera Home and Away between 1999 and 2002. She is now a successful interior designer.\n\nCareer\nIn her teens, Watson was an international model, travelling to Asia for several contracts.\n\nIn February 1999, Watson received an audition for Home and Away. However, she decided not to attend the audition because she did not think she stood a chance of winning the part. Her agent persuaded her to change her mind and she went on to receive the role of Shauna Bradley. It was her first acting role and she revealed \"So at that point, I thought 'What am I going to do? I've never done this before, never acted in my life.' My agent booked me into acting classes – I think I had about eight weeks before I started so I was absolutely petrified. I think I was really bad, to be honest, at the beginning. But like anything if you really put your mind to it and love what you do, you invest the time to grow and educate yourself and I did do that.\"\n\nAfter leaving Home and Away in 2002, Watson completed a diploma in interior design. She began her own business called KW Design.\n\nIn 2009, Watson starred in Lightswitch, a short film directed by Emma Keltie and written by Natalie Krikowa and Penny Glasswell. The film played at various LGBT festivals.\n\nPersonal life\nWatson is lesbian. She came out in an issue of Cherrie magazine in March 2008. Watson told Katrina Fox \"I've never made a point of letting people know about my sexuality because I've never thought it was relevant, but it's who I am and I'm not ashamed of it. However in saying that, I think in this particular day it's a lot easier to be identified as a not-so-straight woman particularly with The L Word series out where it's glamorised if you like; it's almost a bit of a fad like we're in fashion.\"\n\nFilmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nAustralian soap opera actresses\nAustralian interior designers\n1978 births\nLiving people\nAustralian lesbian actresses" ]

[ "Jessica Alba", "2010-present", "what did she do in 2010?", "2010, Alba starred in five films.", "What were those films?", "She also played Joyce Lakeland, a prostitute in The Killer Inside Me, a film adaption of the book of the same name", "did she win any awards?", "She won a Teen Choice for Choice Movie Actress: Horror/Thriller and a Razzie Award for Worst Actress-nomination.", "what did she do in 2012?", "In January 2012, Alba and business partner Christopher Gavigan launched The Honest Company," ]

[ "Honest Tea (U.S.) is a bottled organic tea company based in Bethesda, Maryland. It was founded in 1998 by Seth Goldman and Barry Nalebuff. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company. The name is a pun on the word \"honesty\".\n\nHistory\n\nHonest Tea was founded in 1998 by Seth Goldman, a graduate of Harvard and the Yale School of Management who got the idea to found a beverage company while he was at business school. There were two key ideas behind the company: to bring beverages to market that were organic and not as heavily sweetened, and to conduct the business using fair trade principles. Goldman and one of his Yale professors, Barry Nalebuff, conceived the idea for the company and raised $500,000 in startup funds from friends and family.\n\nThe first order for Honest Tea was from Fresh Fields, an East Coast natural grocery chain that was later acquired by Whole Foods Market. By 2006, Honest Tea had revenue of $13.5 million and was selling about 1.5 million cases a year.\n\nThe Coca-Cola Company purchased a 40% stake of the U.S. company at $43 million in 2008. It bought the rest of the company in 2011.\n\nIn 2009, Honest Tea US received an unpaid endorsement when The New York Times reported that it was President Barack Obama's preferred beverage.\n\nA separate small company, Springleaf, controls the \"Honest Tea\" trademark in Australia. Honest Tea lost an attempt to claim the rights to the phrase in Australia in 2007.\n\nIn 2015, Annabel Young won her case against Coca-Cola in Australia as the original brand name holder, retaining the Honest Tea brand. \n\nIn 2013 Honest Tea's sales were worth $112 million, and in June 2014 sales for 2014 were projected to be around $130 million.\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\n\nCoca-Cola brands\nIced tea brands\nCompanies based in Bethesda, Maryland\nCoca-Cola acquisitions\nAmerican companies established in 1998\nFood and drink companies established in 1998\n1998 establishments in Maryland", "The Honest Company, Inc. is an American consumer goods company, founded by actress Jessica Alba. The company had $250 million in 2016 sales, and was valued shy of $1 billion as of October 2017. The Honest Company has raised multiple rounds of venture capital, and was anticipating an initial public offering as of 2016. Honest serves the United States and Canada, and planned to launch its beauty line products in Western Europe in 2019.\n\nHistory\n\nCompany founder Jessica Alba was inspired by the 2008 birth of her first child, Honor, and her own history of childhood illnesses to create a company that provided an alternative to the prevalent baby products with ingredients such as petrochemicals and synthetic fragrances. She was compelled to become serious about this venture when one of her mother's baby laundry recommendations caused her to have a welt outbreak.\n\nIt took Alba three years to find her business partners Brian Lee, Sean Kane, and Christopher Gavigan. Despite advice that she should start small with a singular focus, Alba launched the company in 2012 with 17 products. Christopher Gavigan wrote the book, Healthy Child Healthy World, that addresses all the different toxins that children are exposed to in traditional household products.\n\nWhile building her company, Alba has lobbied the United States Congress to make testing of consumer products in the marketplace for chemical inputs more stringent.\n\nThe Honest Company's 2013 sales were $50 million. Honest raised $70 million from venture capitalists in the summer of 2014 in preparation for an imminent initial public offering. As of August 2014, the company's products were available at retail stores in the United States and Canada. The financing put a value on the company of $1 billion. Prior to the 2014 round of financing led by Wellington Management Company, the company had raised $52 million in financing from ICONIQ Capital, General Catalyst Partners, Institutional Venture Partners and Lightspeed Venture Partners.\n\nThe company had plans to expand to England and Australia, but the summer 2014 funding was primarily to prepare for a launch in China. A company press release said the funding was to aid product development and expansion. In November 2014, the company had 275 employees and was projected to do $150 million in sales. 80% of its sales were online via a monthly subscription service with the remainder being done in department stores and discount warehouses. The company eventually totaled $170 million in sales in 2014.\n\nIn July 2015, Jessica Alba announced that The Honest Company would be moving its headquarters from 2700 Pennsylvania Avenue in Santa Monica to the Playa Vista neighborhood of Los Angeles in early 2016. The following month, it announced a new round of funding generated an additional $100 million of venture capital, implying a valuation of $1.7 billion. In late 2015, the company acquired Alt12 Apps, the makers of popular apps such as Baby Bump, Pink Pad, and Kidfolio. As of August 2015, the company had never employed traditional media such as print ads, television or billboards.\n\nIn March 2017, The Honest Company announced that Clorox veteran Nick Vlahos would replace Brian Lee as Chief Executive Officer. Vlahos worked to grow several Clorox brands, including Burt's Bees, Brita and Green Works. At that time, it was announced that Brian Lee would remain on the board in an advisory role. In early May some customers found dark spots on the company's baby wipes. The company found mold in testing, and recalled wipes that may have been affected.\n\nIn October 2017, The Honest Company closed a series E round of funding. After settling two lawsuits in the summer of 2017, the valuation was set at $19.60 per share down from the Series D shares sold in 2015 at $45.75. Thus, the company's value was below 1 billion.\n\nIn April 2021, The Honest Company officially filed for an initial public offering. The company began trading under ticker symbol HNST on May 5, 2021 with shares being traded on the Nasdaq stock exchange.\n\nProducts and distribution\nThe Honest Company markets its products as safe and eco-friendly. The company also touts its Honestly Free Guarantee that it does not use \"health-compromising chemicals or compounds\", including a specific list of products it promises to never allow in its products. Whole Foods and Costco were The Honest Company's initial retail distributors. The company began selling in Target Corporation on June 15, 2014. Other stores that carried the company's products by mid 2014 included Buy Buy Baby and Nordstrom. By the end of the third quarter of 2014, the company carried 90 products. Its leading selling product was diapers, at the time.\n\nIn 2015, a controversy surrounding Honest's SPF 30 sunblock occurred when multiple customers complained of skin burns. These reports occurred shortly after the product had been repackaged and reformulated with reduced zinc oxide levels to improve aesthetics.\n\nIn March 2016, it was reported by The Wall Street Journal that Honest's liquid laundry detergent product contained \"a significant amount\" of sodium lauryl sulfate or SLS, a synthetic surfactant that the company claimed it would \"never consider for use in anything. Period.\" In an immediate response to the WSJ article, The Honest Company stated that its product does not contain SLS, but does contain sodium coco sulfate which is characterised by The Honest Co. as the \"gentler alternative\" to SLS. However, sodium coco sulfate is a mixture of synthetic chemicals composed primarily of SLS. Honest's detergent is sourced from Earth Friendly Products (EFP) which did not test for SLS. EFP in turn purchased untested chemicals from Trichromatic West which also did not test for SLS. EFP had removed its claims of SLS-free product from its own website in late 2015.\n\nIn April 2016, Good Morning America reported that The Honest Company was being sued for representing its infant formula as organic even though this product contains 11 synthetic substances prohibited under federal law in organic products. Honest Company stated that the infant formula had been FDA approved and certified USDA Organic in accordance with the National Organic Program. In December 2016, The Los Angeles Superior Court entered judgement for The Honest Company, dismissing the complaint permanently.\n\nIn October 2016, it was reported that The Honest Company required customers to call and potentially wait on hold to cancel a diaper subscription service. Shortly thereafter, Honest announced it would release a new online cancellation feature. The brand began selling its products at CVS and Babies R Us in spring 2017, and on Amazon in July 2017.\n\nHonest Beauty\nOn September 9, 2015, the company opened the Honest Beauty brand as a separate entity with its own website and logo. Honest Beauty launched with an 83 element product line (17 skin-care products and a 66-piece makeup range). Its products are derived from botanicals free of parabens, phthalates, petrolatum, sulfates and chemical sunscreens. The launch took place at Trump SoHo in New York. Beginning September 25 of that year, the brand opened a brick and mortar presence in a six-month pop-up retail shop in The Grove. The brand began selling the beauty line at Target in spring 2017.\n\nThe Honest beauty line can be bought on their website honestbeauty.com. They have also put their products at Ulta Beauty, Target, Sephora and Walgreens. They have about 83 products ranging from makeup to skincare products and hair care line. By late 2016, The Honest Beauty was looking to be sold in Western Europe and Australia. Honest Beauty has reportedly reached more than 10 million dollars in retail sales as of October 2016. Honest Beauty is the only planned set of products slated for the company's 2019 debut in Western Europe (Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Poland, the Netherlands, and Austria) in the Douglas stores that was announced in May 2018.\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links \n \n\nBenefit corporations\nCharities based in California\nCompanies based in Los Angeles\nAmerican companies established in 2011\nRetail companies established in 2011\nCorporate social responsibility\nEthical consumerism\nJessica Alba\nOnline retailers of the United States\nSubscription services\nCompanies listed on the Nasdaq\n2021 initial public offerings" ]

[ "Jessica Alba", "2010-present", "what did she do in 2010?", "2010, Alba starred in five films.", "What were those films?", "She also played Joyce Lakeland, a prostitute in The Killer Inside Me, a film adaption of the book of the same name", "did she win any awards?", "She won a Teen Choice for Choice Movie Actress: Horror/Thriller and a Razzie Award for Worst Actress-nomination.", "what did she do in 2012?", "In January 2012, Alba and business partner Christopher Gavigan launched The Honest Company,", "what was the honest company?", "a collection of household goods, diapers, and body care products. The company was valued" ]

[ "Varsha Dixit is an Indian author. Her works include the novels Right Fit Wrong Shoe, an English-language love story, intended for adolescents but widely read by adults as well, and Xcess Baggage, a vampire sci-fi romance story.\n\nEducation\nShe attended St. Mary’s Convent, Kanpur, received her B.A (Honours) in Political Science from Indraprastha College, New Delhi, pursued a Diploma course in Mass Communications from Sophia Polytechnic, Mumbai, and undertook film editing courses from UCLA extension, Los Angeles.\n\nCareer\nHer debut book Right Fit Wrong Shoe was released in late 2009 and became a bestseller. Her second book Xcess Baggage, released in 2010, is a vampire sci-fi romance, described by Treesha Datta of The Hindu as \"an exciting tale of two beings — one cursed to love and one cursed to live,\" and is the first vampire romance book from India. In 2012, she released a sequel to Right Fit Wrong Shoe, titled Wrong Means Right End, about which Leah George of The Hindu writes, \"The book, breaking usual conventions, deals with matters of bad language and sexual chemistry in a refreshingly straightforward way.\"\n\nWorks\n Dixit, Varsha. Right Fit Wrong Shoe. New Delhi: Rupa & Co, 2009. \n Xcess Baggage (Rupa Publications)\n Wrong Means Right End (Rupa Publications)\n\nPersonal life\nShe has described herself as a \"voracious\" fiction reader. She originally intended to write a book on serial killers but finding it impossible to maim or kill anyone, even on paper, she penned a romantic story instead. She resides in the U.S with her family.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Her Website\n\nLiving people\nIndian women novelists\nIndian romantic fiction writers\nWomen romantic fiction writers\nSophia Polytechnic alumni\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nIndraprastha College for Women alumni", "Twilight of Democracy: The Seductive Lure of Authoritarianism is a 2020 book by Anne Applebaum that discusses democratic decline and the rise of right-wing populist politics with authoritarian tendencies, with three main case studies: Poland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The book also includes a discussion of Hungary.\n\nAppelbaum's analysis focuses in particular on the intellectuals, whom she labels \"clercs\", who provide the intellectual justifications for a descent into authoritarianism.\n\nContent\nApplebaum, an American journalist who lives partly in Poland, opens the book with a 1999 party she held in Poland, attended by center-right proponents of democracy and \"free-market liberal[ism]\", from which she traces the evolution of the attendees to the modern day. According to Applebaum, over the years some of the attendees came to embrace right-wing populism and authoritarianism (with some even promoting antisemitic conspiracy theories), while others continued to be democrats. She labels the former group clercs, from Julien Benda's book La Trahison des Clercs, and dedicates most of the book to explaining the evolution of these clercs from supporters of democracy to proponents of authoritarianism. She views these clercs as an essential component of the growth of authoritarianism as authoritarians, in her view, require not only mass support but also \"the collaboration of people in high places\".\n\nAmong the key clercs profiled in the book are (Spain), Ania Bielecka (Poland), Simon Heffer (United Kingdom), Laura Ingraham (United States), and Mária Schmidt (Hungary). They have, according to Appelbaum, \"come to betray the central task of intellectuals, i.e. the search for truth\". Instead, their role is \"to defend the leaders, however dishonest their statements, however great their corruption, however disastrous their impact on ordinary people and institutions\". Contrary to contemporary explanations of authoritarian support—economic distress, fear of terrorism, and the pressures of immigration— she notes that these clercs are highly educated, well travelled, and economically prosperous. She places their support for authoritarians instead in career advancement, revenge for slights by other elites, and a sense \"cultural despair\" that existing elites have supposedly turned their countries into \"dark, nightmarish place[s]\".\n\nApplebaum also analyzes how ordinary people come to support authoritarianism. Here she blames the authoritarian personality of many people. In particular, in post-Communist Europe, Applebaum finds that many former anti-Communist activists felt let down by the system of meritocracy which did not give them the results they thought they deserved. Applebaum writes that many followers of the right-wing populist parties came to believe in \"medium-sized lies\", conspiracy theories, and alternate realities. The harsh rhetoric of right-wing populists draws international attention to the rhetoric and away from authoritarian actions and political corruption. According to Applebaum, \"soft dictatorships\" have been established in Poland by Law and Justice and in Hungary by Fidesz and Viktor Orbán.\n\nReception\nIn The New York Times, journalist Bill Keller wrote that the book continues the discussion of the fate of democracy carried out in the books The Death of Democracy by Benjamin Carter Hett, about how the political failings in Weimar Germany contributed to the rise of Nazism, How Democracies Die, a political science book by Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt discussing what went wrong in various recently failed democracies, and Surviving Autocracy, by Russian journalist Masha Gessen on Trumpism. Comparing the book with Applebaum's earlier substantial works, Keller describes it as \"a magazine essay expanded into a book that is part rumination, part memoir\".\n\nIn The Guardian, John Kampfner called the book an \"engrossing\" political book that is \"intensely personal, and the more powerful for it\".\n\nHungarian historian Ferenc Laczó labeled Applebaum \"a Dreyfusard from the right\" and states that her book lacks self-examination and \"curiously fails to address in what ways the political successes and policy failures of Applebaum’s own Thatcherite camp might have enabled the rise of the new rightist political forces\". He nevertheless considers the book \"urgent\" and an \"essential read\".\n\nIn The American Scholar, Charles Trueheart described the book as a \"bleak account of the West's slide toward tyranny\".\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nInterview with the author\n\n2020 non-fiction books\nBooks about democracy\nBooks about authoritarianism\nBooks by Anne Applebaum" ]

[ "John F. Kennedy Jr.", "Early life and education" ]

[ "\"Jesuit Ivy\" is the title of a commencement speech delivered at Boston College, a Jesuit university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States. The term was coined in a 1956 commencement address by then-Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy. Speaking at the Jesuit university, he was likely making reference to the Ivy League, an athletic conference established in 1954. The term \"Jesuit Ivy\" was somewhat of a contradiction in terms. The Ivy League's members were generally Protestant-founded institutions; Boston College had itself been founded in part to educate Boston's predominantly Irish, Catholic immigrant community in the nineteenth century. The nickname suggested both Boston College's rising stature and the declining prevalence of discrimination at elite American universities. Kennedy, a Catholic whose family were longtime Boston College benefactors, graduated from Harvard in 1940; as did his father in 1912, and his brothers Joe Jr, Robert and Edward in 1938, 1948 and 1956 respectively.\n\nThe term has been used as a nickname for the school.\n\nJFK at BC\nJohn F. Kennedy visited Boston College in an official capacity seven times during his tenures as Massachusetts Senator and President of the United States—more frequently than he visited any other university, including his own alma mater, Harvard. In addition to commencement and convocation speeches, Kennedy addressed BC's Alumni Association, Varsity Club, and College of Business Administration (forerunner to the Carroll School of Management), and offered a series of seminars in the spring semester of 1958. While the Jesuit Ivy speech is perhaps his most well-known address at Boston College, Kennedy's 1963 Convocation Address would prove to be the most historic. It was both the inaugural event of BC's centennial commemoration and one of Kennedy's last public appearances before his assassination.\n\nThe Jesuit Ivy Address\nThe following is an excerpt of the address given by Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy at the Boston College commencement exercises in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts on June 26, 1956.\n\nThe Kennedys and Boston College\nThe ties between the Kennedy family and Boston College date to John F. Kennedy's grandfather, John F. \"Honey Fitz\" Fitzgerald, Boston's second Irish-Catholic mayor and a member of the Boston College Class of 1885. John F. Kennedy's father, Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr, became the first Kennedy to attend Harvard instead of Boston College though he remained a long-time Boston College benefactor. In 1946, the Kennedys established the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation and funded the construction of the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Memorial Hall at Boston College, now a part of Campion Hall and home to BC's Lynch School of Education. The foundation was led by Senator Edward M. Kennedy up until his death in August 2009. Other Kennedys who have attended Boston College include Kerry Kennedy, Christopher Kennedy Lawford, Christopher George Kennedy, Saoirse Kennedy Hill, Samuel Kennedy Shriver, and Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., former director of BC's Watershed Institute.\n\nSee also\nIvy League\nLittle Ivies\nLittle Three\nPublic Ivies\nSeven Sisters (colleges)\nSouthern Ivies\n Golden Triangle (English universities)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nBoston College\nSpeeches\nJohn F. Kennedy", "Joseph F. Gargan, Jr. (February 16, 1930 – December 12, 2017), was an American lawyer and a nephew of Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He was one of only two men, along with Paul Markham, in whom Ted Kennedy chose to confide immediately after the Chappaquiddick automobile accident which killed Mary Jo Kopechne. Orphaned at the age of sixteen, Gargan spent two consecutive summers with the Kennedys, and, being closer in age to Ted than the other Kennedy brothers were, developed a close relationship with his cousin Ted. Gargan was the campaign chairman for Robert F. Kennedy's 1968 presidential campaign.\n\nGargan fell out of favor with the Kennedy family in 1988, with the publication of journalist Leo Damore's book, Senatorial Privilege: The Chappaquiddick Cover-Up, because Gargan revealed in interviews with Damore details not released in public testimony, such as how Ted Kennedy contemplated covering up his role in the incident by claiming Kopechne was driving his car.\n\nEarly life\nGargan's father, Joseph Gargan Sr., was an amateur boxer, a University of Notre Dame football player and graduate, and a decorated World War I US Marine officer, who married Mary Agnes Fitzgerald, daughter of John F. Fitzgerald and sister of Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. The Gargans had three children: Joseph Jr., Mary Jo, and Ann. Mary Agnes died on September 17, 1937. The children became orphaned when Joseph Sr. died in 1946.\n\nGargan grew up in Lowell, Massachusetts.\n\nRelationship with Ted Kennedy\nIn the summer of 1940, when Gargan was 10 years old and Ted Kennedy was 8, Joe visited the Kennedy home at Hyannis Port. The Kennedys looked to Gargan to take Teddy under his wing as a peer big brother and keep him out of trouble, something his older brothers could not do because of their greater age difference.\n\nEducation\nDespite disinformation spread by the Kennedys that Joseph Kennedy financed his orphan nephew's education, the estate of Gargan's father financed his secondary education at Georgetown Preparatory School, 1942–1948. For college, Gargan chose to attend Notre Dame as his father did, rather than Harvard as Joseph Kennedy and all of his sons did. Gargan said in 1983 that he considered Harvard \"a crap school. In those days, you were kind of a fairy if you went to Harvard.\" Notre Dame provided a Catholic parochial education; he received his undergraduate degree in 1952, and graduated from Notre Dame Law School in 1955.\n\nCareer\nGargan participated in Jack Kennedy's successful 1952 Senate campaign and 1960 presidential campaign, as well as Ted's 1962 and 1964 senate campaigns.\n\nAt Ted's request, Gargan became chairman of the Robert F. Kennedy 1968 presidential campaign. As such, he was responsible for getting three disparate, mutually distrustful groups to work together: Robert's own staffers, and the veterans of Jack's 1960 presidential campaign and Ted's 1962 and 1964 Senate campaigns.\n\nChappaquiddick\n\nAccording to the Senator Ted Kennedy's questionable account of events, sometime before or after midnight July 18-19, 1969, Ted Kennedy accidentally drove his Oldsmobile into a tidal pond on Chappaquiddick Island, with Mary Jo Kopechne trapped inside the car. He walked just over a mile back to the cottage where a party he hosted was occurring, and summoned Gargan and Paul Markham to drive him back to the site, where Gargan dived into the pond in a futile attempt to find Kopechne.\n\nAfter recovering, Gargan vehemently insisted that Kennedy report the accident to the police immediately. Markham seconded this opinion, but Kennedy argued against it, and according to Gargan, said he could plausibly deny knowledge of the accident if they agreed that he had gotten out of the Oldsmobile beforehand and Kopechne was the one who drove it off the bridge. Gargan said this lie was not safe, as neighbors could have seen their car at the bridge, and he would have no part of it. Finally, Kennedy said \"All right, all right, I'll take care of it. You take care of the girls.\" He told Gargan and Markham to go back to the cottage and tell the other partygoers that Kopechne went back to Edgartown, but to say nothing about the accident. Gargan understood this at the time to mean that Kennedy would go to the police station and report the accident; however, he came to understand later that Kennedy thought it meant that Gargan and Markham would go along with his cover-up lie.\n\nAccording to Gargan, Kennedy then abruptly cut off the discussion by jumping into the channel and swimming the 500 feet to the Edgartown shore. Kennedy in fact did not report the accident until about 9:50a.m. that morning, after the Oldsmobile and Kopechne's body had been discovered.\n\nLater, Kennedy used Gargan's and Markham's status as lawyers to falsely assert attorney-client privilege, preventing them from saying anything about the conversation on the island. Gargan was disappointed in his misjudgement of Kennedy's character, when he believed he would do the right thing.\n\nPersonal life \nHe married Betty Hurstel, an Indiana native who worked at Notre Dame. Gargan was portrayed by Ed Helms in the 2017 film Chappaquiddick. In 2020, his son, Joseph E Gargan, pled guilty \"to embezzling nearly $8 million that was intended to settle claims by children who alleged they were victims of medical malpractice\".\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n \n \n\n1930 births\n2017 deaths\nGeorgetown Preparatory School alumni\nMassachusetts lawyers\nUnited States Attorneys for the District of Massachusetts\nUniversity of Notre Dame alumni" ]

[ "John F. Kennedy Jr.", "Early life and education", "Where did John F. Kennedy Jr. go to school?", "Kennedy attended private schools in Manhattan, starting at Saint David's School and moving to Collegiate School," ]

[ "The Migraine Disability Assessment Test (MIDAS) is a test used by doctors to determine how severely migraines affect a patient's life. Patients are asked questions about the frequency and duration of their headaches, as well as how often these headaches limited their ability to participate in activities at work, at school, or at home.\n\nThe test was evaluated by the professional journal Neurology in 2001; it was found to be both reliable and valid.\n\nQuestions\nThe MIDAS contains the following questions:\n\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss work or school because of your headaches?\n How many days in the last 3 months was your productivity at work or school reduced by half or more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 1 where you missed work or school.)\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you not do household work because of your headaches?\n How many days in the last three months was your productivity in household work reduced by half of more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 3 where you did not do household work.)\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss family, social or leisure activities because of your headaches?\n\nThe patient's score consists of the total of these five questions. Additionally, there is a section for patients to share with their doctors:\n\nWhat your Physician will need to know about your headache:\n\nA. On how many days in the last 3 months did you have a headache?\n(If a headache lasted more than 1 day, count each day.)\t\n\nB. On a scale of 0 - 10, on average how painful were these headaches? \n(where 0 = no pain at all and 10 = pain as bad as it can be.)\n\nScoring\nOnce scored, the test gives the patient an idea of how debilitating his/her migraines are based on this scale:\n\n0 to 5, MIDAS Grade I, Little or no disability \n\n6 to 10, MIDAS Grade II, Mild disability\n\n11 to 20, MIDAS Grade III, Moderate disability\n\n21+, MIDAS Grade IV, Severe disability\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nMigraine Treatment\n\nMigraine", "Killdeer Public School District #16, also known as Killdeer Public Schools, is a school district headquartered in Killdeer, North Dakota.\n\nLocated in Dunn County, the district serves, in addition to Killdeer: Dunn Center and Manning.\n\nHistory\nAt one point the district had around 100 students, a low enrollment.\n\nIn 2002 the Killdeer district had 347 students. That year the district leadership considered merging the district with Halliday School District of Halliday. Halliday voters ultimately voted down the plan. Therefore, parents of 39 children residents in Halliday requested permission to send their children to Killdeer. As North Dakota districts allowed districts to restrict how many children are sent by parents to public schools outside of their districts, a group of parents attempted to persuade the North Dakota Legislature in changing the laws governing how many students may attend schools outside of their school districts. The administration of Halliday schools did not interfere with them withdrawing their children even though the parents did not succeed in having the law concerning children attending out of district changed. Additionally, the Grassy Butte district closed and sent its students to Killdeer. In Fall 2003 the Killdeer district had around 400 students, a 10% increase from the previous year.\n\nIn the 2009–2010 school year, 40 students residing in the Halliday district went to Killdeer schools while only around 20 students attended Halliday schools.\n\nIn 2014 enrollment was at 450 with lower grade classes having the largest growth. That year the school unveiled a modular classroom to get overflow. The library and wrestling room held classes before the addition of the modular classroom.\n\nTransportation\nAfter the Grassy Butte merger and exodus from Halliday, the district did not get an increase in its transportation budget, but to do bus services to Grassy Butte it purchased a school bus for $50,000.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Killdeer Public School District\nSchool districts in North Dakota\nDunn County, North Dakota" ]

[ "John F. Kennedy Jr.", "Early life and education", "Where did John F. Kennedy Jr. go to school?", "Kennedy attended private schools in Manhattan, starting at Saint David's School and moving to Collegiate School,", "How did he do while in school?", "After graduating, he went to Brown University where he majored in American studies." ]

[ "An Englishman in Auschwitz is a 2001 book written by Leon Greenman, a Holocaust survivor. The book details his experiences in the Auschwitz concentration camp.\n\nThe book is a result of the commitment of English-born Greenman to God \"that if he lived, he would let the world know what happened during the war\". In short, the book describes the reminiscences of his days of imprisonment in six concentration camps of the Nazis. Greenman describes the arrival of his family (consisting of himself, his wife, Esther, a Dutchwoman, and their three-year-old son, Barney) at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in these words: The women were separated from the men: Else and Barny were marched about 20 yards away to a queue of women...I tried to watch Else. I could see her clearly against the blue lights. She could see me too for she threw me a kiss and held up our child for me to see. What was going through her mind I will never know. Perhaps she was pleased that the journey had come to an end.\n\nReferences\n\n2001 non-fiction books\nPersonal accounts of the Holocaust", "\"My Pedagogic Creed\" is an article written by John Dewey and published in School Journal in 1897. The article is broken into 5 sections, with each paragraph beginning \"I believe.\" It has been referenced over 4100 times and continues to be referenced in recent publications as a testament to the lasting impact of the article's ideas.\n\nSummary of John Dewey's My Pedagogic Creed\n\nWhat education is\nAccording to John Dewey's article \"My Pedagogic Creed\" (1897), education is only as individual as our society allows it to be. We (people) are unconsciously trained from birth. Our social consciousness, our cultural ways and what we value are a mock up of a collective social being, according to Dewey. We are all a product of our social surroundings from birth through adulthood and death. Eventually we \"become an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization.\" Dewey exerts that individual best is achieved in the spirit of and for the greater good. \"Through these demands he is stimulated to act as a member of a unity, to emerge from his original narrowness of action and feeling and to conceive of himself from the standpoint of the welfare of the group to which he belongs.\" As a member of society, we are confined to language and its meanings, but also empowered by it.\n\nDewey believes that \"the educational process has two sides.\" Psychological and sociological impacts are two sides of the education process that go hand-in-hand; \"neither can be subordinated to the other or neglected without evil results following.\" Psychology provides the foundation of education while sociology provides the scenario. Unless what is taught and how we teach relates to students' lives, it can become stressful. Even good grades are not indicative of authentic learning. Students may become disenfranchised. Psychology and social dynamics must exist in conjunction with each other to create a truly internal experience. It is important to know what is happening in the world-at-large, according to Dewey. One must also look at the student's world to ensure success relevant to their own realm of accomplishment. \"We must also be able to project them into the future to see what their outcome and end will be.\" Dewey holds that we must look into the individual future of every student and see what their own outlook is and how we can get there—not a collective outlook defined by blanket societal expectations of success by every person. Dewey states, \"To know what a power really is we must know what its end, use, or function is.\" In sum, a student cannot achieve power over their future until they know what their future can be. Teachers cannot prepare students for a future we cannot foretell as a result of ever-changing technology. People can truly prepare for the future by empowering students. In Dewey's words, \"To prepare him for the future life means to give him command of himself.\" Hands-on learning that utilizes the senses and capacity of the student creates the most success, intrinsically and externally. Dewey believes \"that the individual who is to be educated as a social individual and that society is an organic union of individuals.\" Demonstration of this success shows a psychological process. Utilizing the skills derived from effective psychological learning, social factors can be successfully recognized and addressed.\n\nWhat the school is\nEducation is a social process. According to the creed, it should not be used for the purposes of preparation for living in the future. Dewey said, \"I believe that education, therefore, is a process of living and not a preparation for future living.\" We can build a child's self-esteem in not only the classroom but in all aspects of his or her life. Education must always stay true to children and align with their reality in order to be true. Dewey argues that some children are over labeled and misunderstood because we take away authentic experiences by not relating education to natural human order. More importantly he emphasizes, \"Existing life is so complex that the child cannot be brought into contact with it without either confusion or distraction….and he becomes either unduly specialized or else disintegrated.\"\n\nDewey believes that education and school ought to be an extension of home. Personal background is psychological and gives way to new ideas. This is summed up in the quote, \"It is the business of the school to deepen and extend his sense of the values bound up in his home life.\" In schools currently, the information is given, lessons are learned and habits are formed, similar to the banking model of education criticised by Paulo Freire in his 1970 book Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Dewey states that this is not effective. Working together is vital to unity and success. He states, \"The present educational systems, so far as they destroy or neglect this unity, render it difficult or impossible to get any genuine, regular moral meanings.\"\nWe need to see school as a social experience, according to this creed. The teacher is the guide and chooses what relevant experience will guide each child through the education process. When it comes to assessment, Dewey states that grading should be relevant to the child's own progress. Exams are to be used for social ordering rather than individual upkeep.\n\nThe subject-matter of education\nFollowing suit with his other theories, Dewey believes that subject matter should reflect students' real lives. Schools focus on too many subjects, which may not reflect the students' actual experiences. The child's own activities should determine curriculum. For example, students are often given literature lessons at the beginning of the learning experience, when it is the sum of events, making the subject relevant for the end of learning; This gives the student time to shape his or her own views before being told how history or some one else has seen something. It should be given at the end as a summative reflection. \n\nWe need to let children be constructive and pave their own paths, according to Dewey. \"I believe that the only way to make a child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which makes civilization what it is.\" Dewey takes on a constructive point of view. He says that at times vocations may be more relevant and should be main subjects. In order to learn formal subjects, students need to be relaxed. Dewey explains that in order to achieve that, they must be comfortable with what they have learned up to that point. All subjects are relevant to life.\n\nThe nature of method\n Dewey asserts that active participation far surpasses passive learning. Action must come before anything else. We create children's negative perceptions of school. Ideas come from movement. Symbols give an inaccurate and incomplete view of the big picture. They impact the student's ability to think authentically.\n Envisioning the message helps with retention. Imagery is so important in generating relevancy to one's life.\n It is the teacher's job to pay attention to student's blooming interests and expand on them for a one of a kind learning experience. Interest is power and we must harbor that interest.\n Welcome emotions in education. They are part of the important aspects of learning.\n\nThe school and social progress\nIn Dewey's words, \"education is the fundamental method of social progress and reform.\" Social consciousness shapes individual perceptions. Society also has an obligation to reform education. As a society we are responsible for one another. \"I believe it is the business of every one interested in education to insist upon the school as the primary and most effective instrument of social progress and reform in order that society may be awakened to realize what the school stands for, and aroused to the necessity of endowing the educator with sufficient equipment properly to perform his task.\" Education is the perfect combination of art and science. Dewey sees that we must use individuality for the greater good. Dewey recognizes that teaching is noble and selfless. Teachers show us our way.\n\nReferences\n\nPedagogy\nCritical pedagogy\nPhilosophy of education" ]

[ "John F. Kennedy Jr.", "Early life and education", "Where did John F. Kennedy Jr. go to school?", "Kennedy attended private schools in Manhattan, starting at Saint David's School and moving to Collegiate School,", "How did he do while in school?", "After graduating, he went to Brown University where he majored in American studies.", "What else is important to know about his early life?", "the state funeral was held three days later, on John Jr.'s third birthday." ]

[ "The following is a list of United States senators and representatives who died while they were serving their terms after 2000.\n\n2000s\n\n2010s\n\n2020s\n\nSee also \n List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)\n List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–1949)\n List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–1999)\n List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1910s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1920s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1930s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1940s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1950s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1960s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1970s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1980s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1990s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 2000s\n Addresses for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1860s\n Addresses for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1870s\n Memorial Addresses for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1880s\n Memorial Addresses for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1890s\n\n2000", "The following is a list of United States senators and representatives who died of natural or accidental causes, or who took their own lives, while serving their terms between 1950 and 1999. For a list of members of Congress who were killed while in office, see List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office.\n\nParty colors:\n\n1950s\n\n1960s\n\n1970s\n\n1980s\n\n1990s\n\nSee also \n List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)\n List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–1949)\n List of United States Congress members who died in office (2000–)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1950s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1960s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1970s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1980s\n Memorial Services for members of the U.S. Congress who died in the 1990s\n\n1950" ]

[ "John F. Kennedy Jr.", "Early life and education", "Where did John F. Kennedy Jr. go to school?", "Kennedy attended private schools in Manhattan, starting at Saint David's School and moving to Collegiate School,", "How did he do while in school?", "After graduating, he went to Brown University where he majored in American studies.", "What else is important to know about his early life?", "the state funeral was held three days later, on John Jr.'s third birthday.", "Who died?", "His father was assassinated on November 22, 1963," ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Scott Weiland", "Artistry" ]

[ "\"What Kind of Fool\" is a 1981 vocal duet between Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb.\n\nWhat Kind of Fool may also refer to:\n\n \"What Kind of Fool\" (Lionel Cartwright song), a 1991 song by Lionel Cartwright\n \"What Kind of Fool (Heard All That Before)\", a 1992 song performed by Kylie Minogue\n \"What Kind of Fool Am I?\", a 1962 song recorded by several artists\n \"What Kind of Fool (Do You Think I Am)\", a 1964 song by The Tamms\n \"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am\", a 1992 song by Lee Roy Parnell\n \"What Kind of Fool\", a 1988 single by All About Eve", "\"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Lee Roy Parnell, written by Al Carmichael and Gary Griffin. It was released in May 1992 as the second single from the album, Love Without Mercy. The song was Parnell's fifth single release, and his first to reach Top 40 on the Hot Country Songs charts. It is also one of three singles in his career to reach number two on the country music charts.\n\nChart positions\n\"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am\" debuted at number 75 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 16, 1992.\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\nLee Roy Parnell songs\n1992 singles\nSong recordings produced by Scott Hendricks\nSong recordings produced by Barry Beckett\nArista Nashville singles\n1992 songs" ]

[ "Scott Weiland", "Artistry", "What kind of art did Scott do?", "Weiland's vocal and musical style" ]

[ "World Famous Classics: 1993–1998 is the first of three greatest hits albums by hip hop group The Beatnuts. It was released by Sony BMG in 1999 two weeks after the release of The Beatnuts' most commercially successful album, A Musical Massacre. It contains songs from The Beatnuts' first three albums, as well as its two EPs. The album does not feature any exclusive songs. World Famous Classics did not chart upon release, and is currently out of print.\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences\n\nThe Beatnuts albums\n1999 greatest hits albums", "West Coast Bad Boyz, Vol. 1: Anotha Level of the Game is the first compilation album released by No Limit Records. It was originally released on August 9, 1994, but was later re-released on July 22, 1997. Due to it being a re-release, the album couldn't make it to the Billboard 200 or any other regular charts, but it did make it to #1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Catalog Albums. Due to a beef between Master P and King George, Two songs that featured George [Locked Up and Peace 2 Da Streets] were not included on the 1997 re-release.\n\nTrack listing \nWest Coast Bad Boyz, Vol. 1: Anotha Level of the Game\n\nReferences\n\nHip hop compilation albums\n1994 compilation albums\nNo Limit Records compilation albums\nPriority Records compilation albums\nGangsta rap compilation albums" ]

[ "Scott Weiland", "Artistry", "What kind of art did Scott do?", "Weiland's vocal and musical style", "Did he release any albums?", "Weiland's first solo record, 1998's 12 Bar Blues, represented a huge shift in Weiland's style," ]

[ "The discography of Outkast, an American hip hop duo consisting of rappers André 3000 and Big Boi, consists of six studio albums, one compilation album, one soundtrack album, one video album, thirty-two singles (including eight as featured artists), three promotional singles and twenty-one music videos. In 1992, Outkast became the first hip hop act to be signed to the label LaFace Records; with their first studio album Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik (1994) that debuted at number 20 on the US Billboard 200. Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik spawned the commercially successful single \"Player's Ball\", which reached number 37 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Their following two albums, ATLiens (1996) and Aquemini (1998), were commercially successful in the United States; both albums peaked at number two on the Billboard 200, and were certified double-platinum by the RIAA. Three singles were released from each album; all three from ATLiens charted on the Billboard Hot 100, with \"Elevators (Me & You)\" peaking at number 12, making it the most successful. The lead single from Aquemini, \"Rosa Parks\", peaked at number 55 on the Billboard Hot 100: two more singles, \"Skew It on the Bar-B\" and \"Da Art of Storytellin' (Pt. 1)\", were released from the album. In 1998, Outkast collaborated with hip hop group Goodie Mob on the single \"Black Ice (Sky High)\" and with rapper Cool Breeze on the single \"Watch for the Hook\"; the singles peaked at numbers 50 and 73 on the Billboard Hot 100, respectively.\n\nOutkast's fourth studio album Stankonia was their first to achieve success outside the United States; as well as peaking at number two on the Billboard 200, it appeared on the Australian, German and United Kingdom albums charts, along with several others in Europe. Although the lead single \"B.O.B\" only peaked at number 69 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, the following single \"Ms. Jackson\" became their first to top the Billboard Hot 100, and peaked in the top ten of many other singles charts. The album's third single \"So Fresh, So Clean\" peaked at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100. A compilation album, Big Boi and Dre Present... OutKast, was released in 2001, with \"The Whole World\" as the album's only single.\n\nIn 2003, Outkast released a double album, Speakerboxxx/The Love Below, that became their first album to reach number one on the Billboard 200. It was later certified 11-times-platinum by the RIAA, and was certified double-platinum in the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and in New Zealand by Recorded Music NZ (RMNZ). The lead single, \"Hey Ya!\", peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and also topped the Australian and Swedish singles charts. \"The Way You Move\", a collaboration with singer Sleepy Brown, also topped the Hot 100, and the third single, \"Roses\", reached the top ten in many territories. \"Ghetto Musick\" and \"Prototype\" were released as the final two singles from the album. In 2006 Outkast released their sixth studio album, Idlewild, which also served as the soundtrack to the film of the same name. The first single from the album, \"Mighty O\", peaked at number 77 on the Billboard Hot 100. The second \"Morris Brown\" was a moderate hit on the charts, the third single only peaked at number 100 and the following two singles \"Hollywood Divorce\" and \"The Train\" did not chart. Idlewild was met with lukewarm reviews from music critics and from fans. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA.\n\nAlbums\n\nStudio albums\n\nCompilation albums\n\nVideo albums\n\nSingles\n\nAs lead artist\n\nAs featured artist\n\nPromotional singles\n\nOther charted songs\n\nGuest appearances\n\nMusic videos\n\nAs lead artist\n\nAs featured artist\n\nSee also\n André 3000 discography\n Big Boi discography\n List of songs recorded by Outkast\n\nNotes \n\nA \"Git Up, Git Out\" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 9 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.\nB \"Land of a Million Drums\" did not enter the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 16 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.\nC \"Ghetto Musick\" and \"Prototype\" charted as a double A-side single in certain territories.\nD \"Morris Brown\" did not enter the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 2 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.\nE \"Hollywood Divorce\" did not enter the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 20 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.\nF \"Akshon (Yeah!)\" did not enter the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 13 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.\nG \"Gone Be Fine\" did not enter the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 5 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.\nH \"In Due Time\" did not enter the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 75 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart.\nI \"SpottieOttieDopaliscious\" did not enter the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 5 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n Outkast at AllMusic\n \n \n\nDiscographies of American artists\nHip hop discographies\nDiscography", "\"You're a Special Part of Me\" was a successful duet single for soul singers and Motown label mates Diana Ross & Marvin Gaye, released in 1973. The original duet was one of the few originals featured on their famed album, Diana & Marvin, and was among the most successful of the songs the Motown label mates made reaching #4 on the Billboard R&B Singles chart and #12 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart.\n\nRemixes\nThere are several mixes of this song which have been released: the single mix, the album mix, the Japanese Quadraphonic album mix, and an alternate mix released in 1995 on the \"Motown Year By Year: 1973\" CD, which clocks in at 4:29.\n\nPersonnel\nLead vocals by Marvin Gaye and Diana Ross\nBackground vocals by assorted singers\nInstrumentation by The Funk Brothers\n\nChart performance\n\nReferences\n\n1973 singles\nDiana Ross songs\nMarvin Gaye songs\nVocal duets\nSong recordings produced by Berry Gordy\n1973 songs\nMotown singles" ]

[ "Scott Weiland", "Artistry", "What kind of art did Scott do?", "Weiland's vocal and musical style", "Did he release any albums?", "Weiland's first solo record, 1998's 12 Bar Blues, represented a huge shift in Weiland's style,", "Did that album have an singles on it or successful songs?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Barbara Carr (born Barbara Jean Crosby, January 9, 1941) is an American blues singer.\n\nBiography\nBarbara Carr was born in St Louis, Missouri, United States, and, like many blues musicians, she got her start in church, performing with her two sisters. At age 16, she formed the Comets, a band that performed cover tunes. Her break came when a brother-in-law working in Gaslight Square said bandleader Oliver Sain was looking for a female vocalist to replace Fontella Bass. Carr got the job, which eventually led to her first solo recording contract with Chess Records in Chicago, Illinois, in 1966.\n\nCarr and husband, Charles Carr, soon started their own record label, Bar-Car. Their first recordings included Good Woman Go Bad and Street Woman. She continued to record intermittently and performed with Sain until 1972, when she temporarily retired to raise a family.\n\nAfter returning to perform with local bands around St Louis, she again began recording but with little success. With her husband, she set up her own record label, Bar-Car, in 1982, and recorded a number of singles at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, which provided the basis for her first album, Good Woman Go Bad, in 1989. A second album, Street Woman, followed in 1992. In 1996, Carr signed with Ecko Records, which produced such songs as \"Footprints on the Ceiling\", \"The Bo Hawg Grind\", \"If You Can't Cut The Mustard\", \"The Right Kind Of Love\", and \"Bone Me Like You Own Me\". While still with Ecko Records, Carr recorded \"What A Woman Wants\", \"Let A Real Woman Try\", \"Rainbow\", \"The Best Woman\", and \"Stroke It\". Carr recorded eight albums with Ecko, including a best of compilation album, The Best of Barbara Carr.\n\nCarr has been honored twice with the Living Blues Readers Award as 'Female Blues Artist of the Year'. Her 2012 release, Keep The Fire Burning, on Catfood Records, reached top ten on both the Living Blues Report and the Roots Music Report. It was selected one of Down Beat magazine's Best Albums of the Year. Carr was on the cover of the November–December 2012 issue of Living Blues and was featured in that issue.\n\nIn 2013 and 2014, Carr was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the 'Soul Blues Female Artist' category.\n\nAlbums\nGood Woman Go Bad - Bar-Car Records, 1989\nStreet Woman - Bar-Car, 1992\nFootprints on the Ceiling - Ecko Records, 1997\nBone Me Like You Own Me - Ecko, 1998\nWhat a Woman Wants - Ecko, 1999\nStroke It - Ecko, 2000\nThe Best Woman - Ecko, 2001\t\t\t\nOn My Own - Bar-Car/Hollister Entertainment Group, 2002\nTalk to Me - Mardi Gras Records, 2003\nThe Best of Barbara Carr - Ecko, 2003 (compilation)\nDown Low Brother - Ecko, 2006\nIt's My Time... - Ecko, 2007\nSavvy Woman - CDS Records, 2009\nSouthern Soul Blues Sisters (with Uvee Hayes) - Aviara Music, 2009\nThe Best of Barbara Carr, Vol. 2 - Ecko, 2011 (compilation)\nKeeps the Fire Burning - Catfood Records, 2012\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Ecko Records\n \n\n1941 births\nLiving people\nAmerican blues singers\nAmerican women singers\nSt. Louis blues musicians\nChess Records artists\nMusicians from St. Louis\nSingers from Missouri\n21st-century American women", "The Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American composer and jazz saxophonist Oliver Nelson recorded in February 1961 for the Impulse! label. It remains Nelson's most acclaimed album and features a lineup of notable musicians: Freddie Hubbard, Eric Dolphy (his second-to-last appearance on a Nelson album following a series of collaborations recorded for Prestige), Bill Evans (his only appearance with Nelson), Paul Chambers and Roy Haynes. Baritone saxophonist George Barrow does not take solos but remains a key feature in the subtle voicings of Nelson's arrangements. The album is often noted for its unique ensemble arrangements and is frequently identified as a progenitor of Nelson's move towards arranging later in his career.\n\nMusic\n\nAmong the pieces on the album, \"Stolen Moments\" is the best known and has become a jazz standard: a 16-bar piece in an eight-six-two pattern, even though the solos are in a conventional 12-bar minor-key blues structure in C minor. \"Hoe-Down\", inspired by the fourth section of Aaron Copland's Rodeo, is built on a forty-four-bar structure (with thirty-two-bar solos based on rhythm changes). \"Cascades\" modifies the traditional 32-bar AABA form by using a 16-bar minor blues for the A section, stretching the form to a total of 56 bars. The B-side of the album contains three tracks that hew closer to the 12-bar form: \"Yearnin'\", \"Butch and Butch\" and \"Teenie's Blues\" (which opens with two 12-bar choruses of bass solo by Chambers).\n\nNelson's later album, More Blues and the Abstract Truth (1964), features an entirely different (and larger) group of musicians and bears little resemblance to this record.\n\nReception\nWriting in the December 21, 1961, issue of DownBeat magazine jazz critic Don DeMicheal commented:Nelson's playing is like his writing: thoughtful, unhackneyed, and well constructed. Hubbard steals the solo honors with some of his best playing on record. Dolphy gets off some good solos too, his most interesting one on \"Yearnin.\n\nThe Jazz Journal International cited the album as \"one of the essential post-bop recordings.\"\n\nIt was voted number 333 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000).\n\nOther versions/Influences\nThe composition \"Stolen Moments\" has been recorded and performed by numerous musicians including Phil Woods, J. J. Johnson, Frank Zappa, Ahmad Jamal, Booker Ervin, the United Future Organization and the Turtle Island Quartet. The first eight bars of Nelson's solo on the bridge of \"Hoe-Down\" were quoted by Ernie Watts and Lee Ritenour in the song \"Bullet Train\" from their 1979 album Friendship. \"Teenie's Blues\" was used as a 2009 show-opener by Steely Dan.\n\nIn 2008 pianist Bill Cunliffe released the tribute album The Blues and the Abstract Truth, Take 2, featuring new arrangements of the original pieces.\n\nTrack listing\nAll tracks composed by Oliver Nelson except Hoe-Down by Aaron Copland.\n\nPersonnel\nFreddie Hubbard – trumpet\nEric Dolphy – alto saxophone; flute ; bass clarinet\nOliver Nelson – tenor saxophone; alto saxophone on \"Teenie's Blues\"\nGeorge Barrow – baritone saxophone\nBill Evans – piano\nPaul Chambers – bass\nRoy Haynes – drums\n\nProduction\nRudy Van Gelder – recording engineer\nChuck Stewart – photography\nPete Turner – cover design\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe Blues and the Abstract Truth at vervemusicgroup.com\n\"Album of the Week\" discussion on the Organissimo jazz forum\nBill Cunliffe's tribute to the original album (features new arrangements)\nThe Blues and the Abstract Truth at discogs.com\n\n1961 albums\nAlbums produced by Creed Taylor\nImpulse! Records albums\nOliver Nelson albums\nPost-bop albums\nAlbums recorded at Van Gelder Studio" ]

[ "Scott Weiland", "Artistry", "What kind of art did Scott do?", "Weiland's vocal and musical style", "Did he release any albums?", "Weiland's first solo record, 1998's 12 Bar Blues, represented a huge shift in Weiland's style,", "Did that album have an singles on it or successful songs?", "I don't know.", "What came of his album 12 bar blues?", "the album featured a sound \"rooted in glam rock, filtered through psychedelia and trip-hop.\"" ]

[ "While the World Was Burning is the third studio album by American rapper Saint Jhn. It was released on November 20, 2020 by Gødd Complexx under Hitco, and marketed digitally via ADA division of Warner Music Group. It features guest appearances from Kanye West, Lil Uzi Vert, Future, A Boogie wit da Hoodie, DaBaby, JID, 6Lack and Kehlani.\n\nBackground\nOriginally Saint Jhn had no plans to release another album in 2020, but throughout the year he managed to connect with fellow artists Kanye West, Lil Uzi Vert, Future, JID, A Boogie wit da Hoodie and Kehlani. His single \"Roses\" also gained massive attention over the summer and became his first solo No. 1 on the Billboard charts. Because of this, he felt \"it would be irresponsible to not put out another collection\". The title While the World Was Burning was inspired by the events that unfolded in 2020 such as the COVID-19 pandemic, George Floyd riots, the 2020 US election etc. Saint Jhn calls the album a capsule collection.\n\nIn late September, Saint Jhn visited Kanye West in Wyoming. In several interviews after the release of the collection, Saint Jhn said that West had gotten a hold of his number after having heard his song \"Roses\" 20 times in a row on a jet plane. West wanted him to come to Wyoming and record with him there and threw out the idea that he could executive produce While the World Was Burning with Rick Rubin. Saint Jhn and West later flew down to Jamaica to record with Buju Banton.\n\nThe songs \"High School Reunion\" and \"Monica Lewinsky, Election Year\" are reworked versions of songs from his 2019 album Ghetto Lenny's Love Songs.\n\nRelease and promotion\nAfter getting massive success with the remix of his single \"Roses\" over the summer of 2020, Saint Jhn teased on August 25 on a (now deleted) Instagram post that he would release a collection of songs in October. In mid September, Saint Jhn announced that his album While The World Was Burning would release on October 16. On October 9, Saint Jhn would release the lead single \"Gorgeous\". The day after, he went to Twitter to announce that he had delayed the album to November 20.\nOn October 26, Saint Jhn released the single \"Sucks to Be You\", and two days later the cover art, release date and track listing for the album.\n\nOn November 21, a day after the release, Saint Jhn said on Twitter that the album would be updated with some tweaks and changes and a song with Kanye West that did not make the cut. The missing track titled \"Smack DVD\" featuring Kanye West was released a week later, however it did not get added onto the track listing of the album. Saint Jhn posted a track listing of a different version of the album to his Twitter with \"Smack DVD\" after \"Pray 4 Me\", among other track listing differences. The album was updated on streaming services to have the new track order with \"Smack DVD\" in the track listing a week later.\n\nTrack listing\nTrack listing and credits adapted from Tidal.\n\nPersonnel \n Colin Leonard – master engineering \n Roark Bailey – mix engineering \n Lee Stashenko – mix engineering \n Erik Madrid – mix engineering \n Giaks – vocals\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2020 albums\nSaint Jhn albums\nAlbums produced by Murda Beatz\nAlbums produced by Quay Global", "Grinding Stone is the only album by The Gary Moore Band. Released in 1973, it was recorded between Moore's leaving Skid Row and joining Thin Lizzy.\n\nIt contains a mixture of styles that differ from his later solo work. Moore did not release another solo album until 1978's Back on the Streets.\n\nBackground\nMoore put the band together after leaving the group Skid Row, signing to CBS Records. At the time, Moore was unsure about which direction he wanted to take his music in, and consequently the album features a variety of styles. These included the title track's blues shuffle, double-tracked lead guitars on \"Time To Heal\" and \"Spirit\", Latin rhythms reminiscent of Santana, and slide guitar on \"Boogie My Way Back Home\". Keyboardist Jan Schelhaas guested on the album, as did Irish guitarist Philip Donnelly.\n\nMoore split up the band so he could join Thin Lizzy as a replacement for Eric Bell. Drummer Pearse Kelly briefly covered for Thin Lizzy's Brian Downey while the latter was ill. He would revisit some of the jazz fusion styles explored on the album with the group Colosseum II.\n\nReception\nThe album was favourably reviewed by Billboard, who thought \"Sail Across the Mountain\" was its strongest track. It was not commercially successful, and did not chart. Moore would not release another album under his own name until Back on the Streets five years later, after several years in Colosseum II and another stint in Thin Lizzy.\n\nA retrospective review in AllMusic was mixed, saying that while the eclectic and varied styles were interesting, it was not Moore's best album. However, the reviewer felt the album helped explain Moore's change in styles between Skid Row and Colosseum II, and concluded that it was an overlooked album in his solo career.\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel\nThe Gary Moore Band\nGary Moore – lead guitar, vocals\nJohn Curtis – bass guitar\nPearse Kelly – drums, percussion\n\nAdditional musicians\nFrank Boylan – bass guitar\nPhilip Donnelly – rhythm guitar\nJan Schelhaas – keyboards\n\nProduction\nMartin Birch – producer, engineer\n\nReferences\n\nGary Moore albums\n1973 debut albums\nAlbums produced by Martin Birch\nCBS Records albums" ]

[ "Scott Weiland", "Artistry", "What kind of art did Scott do?", "Weiland's vocal and musical style", "Did he release any albums?", "Weiland's first solo record, 1998's 12 Bar Blues, represented a huge shift in Weiland's style,", "Did that album have an singles on it or successful songs?", "I don't know.", "What came of his album 12 bar blues?", "the album featured a sound \"rooted in glam rock, filtered through psychedelia and trip-hop.\"", "After that album did he release another?", "Weiland's second solo album, 2008's \"Happy\" in Galoshes, featured a wide variety of musical genres," ]

[ "The Dean Edge is a series of similar bass guitars produced by Dean Guitars. The Edge is usually produced with rosewood neck and solid basswood bodies, with the exception of the E09M, which is made of mahogany. Another feature is the pair of \"Soapbar\" pick-ups wired in parallel. A very distinguishing feature of the Edge is the asymmetrical head stock design and the lack of a pickguard. The number of strings varies from four to ten. Dean Edges are used in countless music genres, and are especially popular among jazz players, such as bass virtuoso Jeff Berlin as well as, multi-instrumentalist Happy Tom\n\nVersions\n\nEdge\nEdge 1\nEdge 1 Quilt Top\nEdge 1-5\nEdge 4\nEdge 5\nEdge 6\nEdge 8\nE09\nE09M\nPlaymate E09\nEdge Fretless\nEdge Pro\nEdge Hammer\nEdge Hammer 10\nEdge Q\nEdge Q4 Bartolini\nEdge Q6\n\nUsers of Edges\nChas Cronk of Strawbs\nElena Luciano of Imagika\nJamareo Artis of Nu\nJeremy Ryan Plato of Cross Canadian Ragweed\nRandy Berg of Analog Digital Disorder\nBanner Thomas of Molly Hatchet\nDink Cook of Toby Keith\nHermes Limòn of ArtriD-X\nHappy Tom: Happy Tom\nSar/Lou of Evangelyne\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\n\nEdge", "Ritmo Kombina (Combined rhythm) is a style of popular Dutch Antillean music, influenced by zouk and soca music. The lyrics of combined rhythm are generally in the local Papiamento language.\n\nPerformers \n\nGibu i su Orkesta\nExpresando Rimto i Ambiente\nOK Band\nHappy Peanuts\n\nReferences \n\n \n\nCaribbean music genres\nPapiamento" ]

[ "Scott Weiland", "Artistry", "What kind of art did Scott do?", "Weiland's vocal and musical style", "Did he release any albums?", "Weiland's first solo record, 1998's 12 Bar Blues, represented a huge shift in Weiland's style,", "Did that album have an singles on it or successful songs?", "I don't know.", "What came of his album 12 bar blues?", "the album featured a sound \"rooted in glam rock, filtered through psychedelia and trip-hop.\"", "After that album did he release another?", "Weiland's second solo album, 2008's \"Happy\" in Galoshes, featured a wide variety of musical genres,", "Which genres did \"Happy\" feature?", "bossa nova, country, neo-psychedelia and indie rock." ]

[ "\"Under Any Moon\" is a single by Glenn Medeiros and The Jets, released in 1989. \n\nWritten by Diane Warren, the song was released as a single only in the United Kingdom. It was included on the soundtrack for The Karate Kid Part III (1989), on the Mercury label, and was also included on The Jets' album, Believe (1989), on the MCA label. \n\nThe song failed to have any chart impact in the UK, while it did have minor airplay in the United States, it did not chart either. It was never performed live by The Jets.\n\nReferences\n\n1989 singles\n1989 songs\nThe Jets (band) songs\nGlenn Medeiros songs\nMercury Records singles\nSongs written by Diane Warren", "24-7-365 is the second album by rap group, N2Deep. The album was released in 1994 for Bust It Records and was produced by N2Deep and Johnny Z. Despite the success of their previous album, Back to the Hotel, 24-7-365 did not make it on any album charts or feature any charting singles. Four singles were released \"Deep N2 the Game\", \"Small Town\", \"California Hot Tubs\" and \"Somethin' Freaky\".\n\nTrack listing\n\nSamples\nDeep N2 the Game\n\"Miss You\" by The Rolling Stones\nWhoo Ride\n\"Rigor Mortis\" by Cameo\n\nExternal links\n 24-7-365 at Discogs\n\nReferences\n\nN2Deep albums\nJay Tee albums\n1994 albums" ]

[ "Camillo Golgi", "Biography" ]

[ "Antonio Pensa (15 September 1874 - 17 August 1970) was an Italian physician, anatomist and embryologist. A student of Camillo Golgi, he continued work on Golgi's lines of research on cellular structure.\n\nPensa was born in Milan to Michele and Giuseppina Calzini, attended the Longone boarding school and the Parini high school in Milan in 1892 before going to study medicine at the University of Pavia. He received a doctorate in 1898, becoming a student of Golgi. He then lectured in anatomy from 1900 and became a professor in 1915 at Sassari, moving to Parma in 1921 before moving to Pavia in 1930. In 1918, during the outbreak of the Spanish flu, he was involved in setting up an isolation unit in Pavia. In 1950 he was director of the centre for neuroanatomy. An expert on histological techniques, he trained a generation of scientists including the neurophysiologist Giuseppe Moruzzi. Pensa demonstrated in 1899 the presence of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum in cells of the adrenal medulla as it had not been seen other than in nerve cells, where Golgi had first observed them. In 1910, he described the Golgi apparatus in plant cells. He described the myoid elements of the thymus in birds, amphibians and reptiles. He produced a treatise on histology in 1926 where he expanded on the findings of Golgi and Ramón y Cajal. Pensa also established the museum at the University of Pavia which he directed from 1938 until his death. A marble bust of Pensa now stands at the Anatomical Theatre at the University of Pavia.\n\nReferences \n\n1874 births\n1970 deaths\nItalian anatomists", "Corteno Golgi (; Camunian: ) is an Italian village and comune in the central Alps, in the province of Brescia, Lombardy, northern Italy. It is in the Val Camonica.\n\nThere is a museum dedicated to scientist Camillo Golgi who was born in Corteno in 1843. Golgi, after whose memory the name of the village was changed in 1956 from just Corteno to the present name, was the first Italian to be awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906.\n\nTwin towns\nCorteno Golgi is twinned with:\n\n Petilla de Aragón, Spain\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\nCities and towns in Lombardy" ]

[ "Camillo Golgi", "Biography", "Where was Golgi born?", "in the village of Corteno," ]

[ "Golgi may refer to:\nCamillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italian physician and scientist after whom the following terms are named: \nGolgi apparatus (also called the Golgi body, Golgi complex, or dictyosome), an organelle in a eukaryotic cell\nGolgi tendon organ, a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ\nGolgi's method or Golgi stain, a nervous tissue staining technique\nGolgi alpha-mannosidase II, an enzyme\nGolgi cell, a type of interneuron found in the cerebellum\nGolgi I, a nerve cell with a long axon\nGolgi II, a nerve cell with a short or no axon\nGolgi (crater), a lunar impact crater\nCórteno Golgi, an Italian village", "KKXX and for some proteins XKXX is a target peptide motif located in the C terminus in the amino acid structure of a protein responsible for retrieval of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins to and from the Golgi apparatus. These ER membrane proteins are transmembrane proteins that are then embedded into the ER membrane after transport from the Golgi. This motif is exclusively cytoplasmic and interacts with the COPI protein complex to target the ER from the cis end of the Golgi apparatus by retrograde transport.\n\nThe abbreviation KKXX is formed by the corresponding standard abbreviations for lysine (K) and any amino acid (X). This letter system was defined by the IUPAC and IUBMB in 1983, and is as follows: \n \nK—Lysine\nK—Lysine\nX— any amino acid\nX— any amino acid\n\nSee also\n ER retention\n KDEL (amino acid sequence)\n COPI\n Signal peptide\nProtein targeting\n\nReferences \n\nAmino acids\nAmino acid motifs" ]

[ "Camillo Golgi", "Biography", "Where was Golgi born?", "in the village of Corteno,", "Did Golgi complete any military service?", "worked as a civil physician in the Italian Army," ]

[ "Camillo Golgi (; 7 July 184321 January 1926) was an Italian biologist and pathologist known for his works on the central nervous system. He studied medicine at the University of Pavia (where he later spent most of his professional career) between 1860 and 1868 under the tutelage of Cesare Lombroso. Inspired by pathologist Giulio Bizzozero, he pursued research in the nervous system. His discovery of a staining technique called black reaction (sometimes called Golgi's method or Golgi's staining in his honour) in 1873 was a major breakthrough in neuroscience. Several structures and phenomena in anatomy and physiology are named for him, including the Golgi apparatus, the Golgi tendon organ and the Golgi tendon reflex.\n\nGolgi and the Spanish biologist Santiago Ramón y Cajal were jointly given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906 \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\".\n\nBiography\nCamillo Golgi was born on 7 July 1843 in the village of Corteno near Brescia, in the province of Brescia (Lombardy), at the time Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, today Italy. The village is now named Corteno Golgi in his honour. His father Alessandro Golgi was a physician and district medical officer, originally from Pavia. In 1860, he entered the University of Pavia to study medicine, and earned his medical degree in 1865. He did an internship at the San Matteo Hospital (now IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation). During his internship he briefly worked as a civil physician in the Italian Army, and as assistant surgeon at the Novara Hospital (now Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità di Novara). At the same time he was also involved in the medical team for investigating cholera epidemic in villages around Pavia.\n\nIn 1867, he resumed his academic study under the supervision of Cesare Lombroso. Lombroso was a renowned scientist in medical psychology such as genius, madness and criminality. Inspired by Lombroso, Golgi wrote a thesis on the etiology of mental disorders, from which he obtained his M.D. in 1868. He became more interested in experimental medicine, and started attending the Institute of General Pathology headed by Giulio Bizzozero. Three years his junior, Bizzozero was an eloquent teacher and experimenter, who specialised in histology of the nervous system and the properties of bone marrow. The most important research publications of Golgi were directly or indirectly influenced by Bizzozero. The two became so close that they lived in the same building; and Golgi later married Bizzozero's niece, Lina Aletti. By 1872, Golgi was an established clinician and histopathologist. He, however, had no opportunity as a tenured professor in Pavia to pursue teaching and research in neurology.\n\nFinancial pressure prompted him to join the Hospital of the Chronically Ill (Pio Luogo degli Incurabili) in Abbiategrasso, near Milan, as Chief Medical Officer in 1872. To continue research, he set up a simple laboratory on his own in a refurbished hospital kitchen, and it was there that he started making his most notable discoveries. His major achievement was the development of staining technique for nerve tissue called the black reaction (later the Golgi's method). He published his major works between 1875 and 1885 in the journal Rivista sperimentale di Freniatria e di medicina legale. In 1875, he joined the faculty of histology at the University of Pavia. In 1879, he was appointed Chair of Anatomy at the University of Siena. But the next year, he returned to the University of Pavia as full Professor of histology. From 1879 he also became Professor of General Pathology as well as Honorary Chief (Primario ad honorarem) at the San Matteo Hospital. He served as Rector of the University of Pavia twice, first between 1893 and 1896, and second between 1901 and 1909. During the First World War (1914–1917), he directed the military hospital Collegio Borrmeo at Pavia. He retired in 1918 and continued to research in his private laboratory till 1923. He died on 21 January 1926.\n\nPersonal life\n\nGolgi and his wife Lina Aletti had no children, and they adopted Golgi's niece Carolina.\n\nGolgi was irreligious in his later life and became an agnostic atheist. One of his former students attempted an unsuccessful deathbed conversion on him.\n\nContributions\n\nBlack reaction or Golgi's staining\n\nThe Central nervous system was difficult to study during Golgi's time because the cells were hard to identify. The available tissue staining techniques were useless for studying nervous tissue. While working as chief medical officer at the Hospital of the Chronically Ill, he experimented with metal impregnation of nervous tissue, using mainly silver (silver staining). In early 1873, he discovered a method of staining nervous tissue that would stain a limited number of cells at random in their entirety. He first treated the tissue with potassium dichromate to harden it, and then with silver nitrate. Under the microscope, the outline of the neuron became distinct from the surrounding tissue and cells. The silver chromate precipitate, as a reaction product, selectively stains only some cellular components randomly, sparing other cell parts. The silver chromate particles create a stark black deposit on the soma (nerve cell body) as well as on the axon and all dendrites, providing an exceedingly clear and well-contrasted picture of neuron against a yellow background. This makes it easier to trace the structure of the nerve cells in the brain for the first time. Since cells are selective stained in black, he called the process la reazione nera (\"the black reaction\"), but today it is called Golgi's method or the Golgi stain. On 16 February 1873, he wrote to his friend Niccolò Manfredi:\n\nHis discovery was published in the Gazzeta Medica Italiani on 2 August 1873.\n\nNervous system\n\nIn 1871, a German anatomist Joseph von Gerlach postulated that the brain is a complex \"protoplasmic network\", in the form of a continuous network called the reticulum. Using his black reaction, Golgi could trace various regions of the cerebro-spinal axis, clearly distinguishing the different nervous projections, namely axon from the dendrites. He drew up a new classification of cells on the basis of the structure of their nervous prolongation. He described an extremely dense and intricate network, composed of a web of intertwined branches of axons coming from different cell layers (\"diffuse nervous network\"). This network structure, which emerges from the axons, is essentially different from that hypothesized by Gerlach. It was the main organ of the central nervous system according to Golgi. Thus, Golgi presented the reticular theory which states that the brain is a single network of nerve fibres, and not of discrete cells. Although Golgi's earlier works between 1873 and 1885 clearly depicted the axonal connections of cerebellar cortex and olfactory bulb as independent of one another, his later works including the Nobel Lecture showed the entire granular layer of the cerebellar cortex occupied by a network of branching and anastomosing nerve processes. This was due to his strong conviction in the reticular theory. Golgi's theory was challenged by Ramón y Cajal, who used the same technique developed by Golgi. According to Ramón y Cajal's neurone theory, the nervous system is but a collection of individual cells, the neurones, which are interconnected to form a network.\n\nIn addition to this, Golgi was the first to give clear descriptions of the structure of the cerebellum, hippocampus, spinal cord, olfactory lobe, as well as striatal and cortical lesions in a case of chorea. In 1878, he also discovered a receptor organ that senses changes in muscle tension, and is now known as Golgi tendon organ or Golgi receptor; and Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles (pressure transductors). He further developed a stain specific for myelin (a specialised membrane which wraps around the axon) using potassium dichromate and mercuric chloride. Using this he discovered the myelin annular apparatus, often called the horny funnel of Golgi-Rezzonico.\n\nKidney\nGolgi studied kidney function during 1882 to 1889. In 1882, he published his observations on the mechanism of renal hypertrophy, which he understood to be due to renal cell proliferation. In 1884, he described tubular cell mitoses in the kidney of a person suffering from tubulointerstitial nephritis, and he noted that the process was an essential part of repairing the kidney tissue. He was the first to dissect out intact nephrons, and show that the distal tubulus (loop of Henle) of the nephron returns to its originating glomerulus, a finding that he published in 1889 (\"Annotazioni intorno all'Istologia dei reni dell'uomo e di altri mammifieri e sull'istogenesi dei canalicoli oriniferi\". Rendiconti R. Acad. Lincei 5: 545–557, 1889).\n\nMalaria\nA French Army physician Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran discovered that malaria was caused by microscopic parasite (now called Plasmodium falciparum) in 1880. But scientists were sceptical until Golgi intervened. It was Golgi who helped him prove that malarial parasite was a microscopic protozoan. From 1885, Golgi studied the malarial parasite and its transmission. He established two types of malaria, tertian and quartan fevers caused by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae respectively. In 1886, he discovered that malarial fever (paroxysm) was produced by the asexual stage in the human blood (called erythocytic cycle, or Golgi cycle). In 1889–1890, Golgi and Ettore Marchiafava described the differences between benign tertian malaria and malignant tertian malaria (the latter caused by P. falciparum). By 1898, along with Giovanni Battista Grassi, Amico Bignami, Giuseppe Bastianelli, Angelo Celli and Marchiafava, he confirmed that malaria was transmitted by Anopheline mosquito.\n\nCell organelle\n\nAn organelle in eukaryotice cells now known as Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex, or sometimes simply as Golgi, was discovered by Camillo Golgi. Golgi modified his black reaction using osmium dichromate solution with which he stained the nerve cells (Purkinje cells) of the cerebellum of an owl. He noticed thread-like networks inside the cells and named them apparato reticolare interno (internal reticular apparatus). Recognising them to be unique cellular components, he presented his discovery before the Medical-Surgical Society of Pavia in April 1898. After the same was confirmed by his assistant Emilio Veratti, he published it in the Bollettino della Società medico-chirurgica di Pavia. However, most scientists disputed his discovery as nothing but a staining artefact. Their microscopes were not powerful enough to identify the organelles. By the 1930s, Golgi's description was largely rejected. It was only firmly established 50 years after its discovery, when electron microscopes were developed.\n\nAwards and legacy\nGolgi, together with Santiago Ramón y Cajal, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 for his studies of the structure of the nervous system. In 1900 he was named senator by King Umberto I. In 1913 he became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received honorary doctorates from the University of Cambridge, University of Geneva, Kristiania University College, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, and Paris-Sorbonne University. In 1994, the European Community commemorated him with postage stamps.\n\nMonuments in Pavia \n\nIn Pavia several landmarks stand as Golgi's memory.\n A marble statue, in a yard of the old buildings of the University of Pavia, at N.65 of the central \"Strada Nuova\". On the basement, there is the following inscription in Italian language: \"Camillo Golgi / patologo sommo / della scienza istologica / antesignano e maestro / la segreta struttura / del tessuto nervoso / con intenta vigilia / sorprese e descrisse / qui operò / qui vive / guida e luce ai venturi / MDCCCXLIII – MCMXXVI\" (Camillo Golgi / outstanding pathologist / of histological science / precursor and master / the secret structure / of the nervous tissue / with strenuous effort / discovered and described / here he worked / here he lives / here he guides and enlightens future scholars / 1843 – 1926).\n \"Golgi’s home\", also in Strada Nuova, at N.77, a few hundreds meters away from the University, just in front to the historical \"Teatro Fraschini\". It is the home in which Golgi spent the most of his family life, with his wife Lina.\n Golgi's tomb is in the Monumental Cemetery of Pavia (viale San Giovannino), along the central lane, just before the big monument to the fallen of the First World War. It is a very simple granite grave, with a bronze medallion representing the scientist's profile. Near Golgi's tomb, apart from his wife, two other important Italian medical scientists are buried: Bartolomeo Panizza and Adelchi Negri.\n Golgi's museum was created in 2012, in the ancient Palazzo Botta of the University of Pavia at N.10 of Piazza Antoniotto Botta reconstructs the study of Camillo Golgi and its laboratories with furniture and original instruments.\n\nEponyms\n The organelle Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex\n The sensory receptor Golgi tendon organ\n Golgi's method or Golgi stain, a nervous tissue staining technique\n The enzyme Golgi alpha-mannosidase II\n Golgi cells of the cerebellum\n Golgi I nerve cells (with long axons)\n Golgi II nerve cells (with short or no axons)\n Golgi (crater), a lunar impact crater \n Minor planet 6875 Golgi is named after him.\n\nSee also\n List of pathologists\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links \n Life and Discoveries of Camillo Golgi\n including the Nobel Lecture on 11 December 1906 The Neuron Doctrine – Theory and Facts\n Some places and memories related to Camillo Golgi\n The museum in Corteno, now called Corteno Golgi, dedicated to Golgi. Includes a gallery of images of his birthplace.\n The Museum Camillo Golgi in Pavia\n Biography at Encyclopædia Britannica\n Biography at Encyclopedia.com\n Profile at Whonamedit?\n IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation\n Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità di Novara\n\n1843 births\n1926 deaths\nUniversity of Pavia alumni\nPeople from the Province of Brescia\nPhysicians from Pavia\nItalian agnostics\nItalian neuroscientists\nItalian anatomists\nItalian pathologists\nHistory of neuroscience\nNobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine\nItalian Nobel laureates\nCorresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences\nRecipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)\nMalariologists\nMembers of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences\nMembers of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy", "Adelchi Negri (16 July 1876 – 19 February 1912) was an Italian pathologist and microbiologist born in Perugia.\n\nHe studied medicine and surgery at the University of Pavia, where he was a pupil of Camillo Golgi (1843–1926). After graduation in 1900, he became an assistant to Golgi at his pathological institute. In 1909 Negri became a professor of bacteriology, and the first official instructor of bacteriology in Pavia. On 19 February 1912 he died of tuberculosis at age 35.\n\nNegri performed extensive research in the fields of histology, hematology, cytology, protozoology and hygiene. In 1903 he discovered the eponymous Negri bodies, defined as cytoplasmatic inclusion bodies located in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in cases of rabies in animals and humans. He documented his findings in an article titled Contributo allo studio dell'eziologia della rabia, published in the journal Bollettino della Societa medico-chirurgica. At the time, Negri mistakenly described the pathological agent of rabies as a parasitic protozoa. A few months later, Paul Remlinger (1871–1964) at the Constantinople Imperial Bacteriology Institute correctly demonstrated that the aetiological agent of rabies was not a protozoan, but a filterable virus.\n\nNegri went on, however, to demonstrate in 1906 that the smallpox vaccine, then known as \"vaccine virus\", or \"variola vaccinae\", was also a filterable virus. During the latter part of his career, he became interested in malaria and was at the forefront in efforts to eradicate it from Lombardy.\n\nTomb\nNegri was buried in the Monumental Cemetery of Pavia (Viale San Giovannino), along the central lane, on the left, near the tombs of other two important medical scientists, the anatomist Bartolomeo Panizza and his teacher, the Nobel Prize–winning Camillo Golgi.\n\nReferences\n\n Who Named It?, Adelchi Negri\n Some places and memories related to Adelchi Negri\n\nItalian microbiologists\nItalian pathologists\nUniversity of Pavia alumni\n1876 births\n1912 deaths\nPeople from Perugia" ]

[ "Camillo Golgi", "Biography", "Where was Golgi born?", "in the village of Corteno,", "Did Golgi complete any military service?", "worked as a civil physician in the Italian Army,", "Who was Golgi's most important teacher?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Golgi may refer to:\nCamillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italian physician and scientist after whom the following terms are named: \nGolgi apparatus (also called the Golgi body, Golgi complex, or dictyosome), an organelle in a eukaryotic cell\nGolgi tendon organ, a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ\nGolgi's method or Golgi stain, a nervous tissue staining technique\nGolgi alpha-mannosidase II, an enzyme\nGolgi cell, a type of interneuron found in the cerebellum\nGolgi I, a nerve cell with a long axon\nGolgi II, a nerve cell with a short or no axon\nGolgi (crater), a lunar impact crater\nCórteno Golgi, an Italian village", "The Golgi apparatus (), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. It resides at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. It is of particular importance in processing proteins for secretion, containing a set of glycosylation enzymes that attach various sugar monomers to proteins as the proteins move through the apparatus.\n\nIt was identified in 1897 by the Italian scientist Camillo Golgi and was named after him in 1898.\n\nDiscovery\nOwing to its large size and distinctive structure, the Golgi apparatus was one of the first organelles to be discovered and observed in detail. It was discovered in 1898 by Italian physician Camillo Golgi during an investigation of the nervous system. After first observing it under his microscope, he termed the structure as apparato reticolare interno (\"internal reticular apparatus\"). Some doubted the discovery at first, arguing that the appearance of the structure was merely an optical illusion created by the observation technique used by Golgi. With the development of modern microscopes in the twentieth century, the discovery was confirmed. Early references to the Golgi apparatus referred to it by various names including the \"Golgi–Holmgren apparatus\", \"Golgi–Holmgren ducts\", and \"Golgi–Kopsch apparatus\". The term \"Golgi apparatus\" was used in 1910 and first appeared in the scientific literature in 1913, while \"Golgi complex\" was introduced in 1956.\n\nSubcellular localization\n\nThe subcellular localization of the Golgi apparatus varies among eukaryotes. In mammals, a single Golgi apparatus is usually located near the cell nucleus, close to the centrosome. Tubular connections are responsible for linking the stacks together. Localization and tubular connections of the Golgi apparatus are dependent on microtubules. In experiments it is seen that as microtubules are depolymerized the Golgi apparatuses lose mutual connections and become individual stacks throughout the cytoplasm. In yeast, multiple Golgi apparatuses are scattered throughout the cytoplasm (as observed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In plants, Golgi stacks are not concentrated at the centrosomal region and do not form Golgi ribbons. Organization of the plant Golgi depends on actin cables and not microtubules. The common feature among Golgi is that they are adjacent to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites.\n\nStructure \n\nIn most eukaryotes, the Golgi apparatus is made up of a series of compartments and is a collection of fused, flattened membrane-enclosed disks known as cisternae (singular: cisterna, also called \"dictyosomes\"), originating from vesicular clusters that bud off the endoplasmic reticulum. A mammalian cell typically contains 40 to 100 stacks of cisternae. Between four and eight cisternae are usually present in a stack; however, in some protists as many as sixty cisternae have been observed. This collection of cisternae is broken down into cis, medial, and trans compartments, making up two main networks: the cis Golgi network (CGN) and the trans Golgi network (TGN). The CGN is the first cisternal structure, and the TGN is the final, from which proteins are packaged into vesicles destined to lysosomes, secretory vesicles, or the cell surface. The TGN is usually positioned adjacent to the stack, but can also be separate from it. The TGN may act as an early endosome in yeast and plants.\n\nThere are structural and organizational differences in the Golgi apparatus among eukaryotes. In some yeasts, Golgi stacking is not observed. Pichia pastoris does have stacked Golgi, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not. In plants, the individual stacks of the Golgi apparatus seem to operate independently.\n\nThe Golgi apparatus tends to be larger and more numerous in cells that synthesize and secrete large amounts of substances; for example, the antibody-secreting plasma B cells of the immune system have prominent Golgi complexes.\n\nIn all eukaryotes, each cisternal stack has a cis entry face and a trans exit face. These faces are characterized by unique morphology and biochemistry. Within individual stacks are assortments of enzymes responsible for selectively modifying protein cargo. These modifications influence the fate of the protein. The compartmentalization of the Golgi apparatus is advantageous for separating enzymes, thereby maintaining consecutive and selective processing steps: enzymes catalyzing early modifications are gathered in the cis face cisternae, and enzymes catalyzing later modifications are found in trans face cisternae of the Golgi stacks.\n\nFunction \n\nThe Golgi apparatus is a major collection and dispatch station of protein products received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Proteins synthesized in the ER are packaged into vesicles, which then fuse with the Golgi apparatus. These cargo proteins are modified and destined for secretion via exocytosis or for use in the cell. \nIn this respect, the Golgi can be thought of as similar to a post office: it packages and labels items which it then sends to different parts of the cell or to the extracellular space. The Golgi apparatus is also involved in lipid transport and lysosome formation.\n\nThe structure and function of the Golgi apparatus are intimately linked. Individual stacks have different assortments of enzymes, allowing for progressive processing of cargo proteins as they travel from the cisternae to the trans Golgi face. Enzymatic reactions within the Golgi stacks occur exclusively near its membrane surfaces, where enzymes are anchored. This feature is in contrast to the ER, which has soluble proteins and enzymes in its lumen. Much of the enzymatic processing is post-translational modification of proteins. For example, phosphorylation of oligosaccharides on lysosomal proteins occurs in the early CGN. Cis cisterna are associated with the removal of mannose residues. Removal of mannose residues and addition of N-acetylglucosamine occur in medial cisternae. Addition of galactose and sialic acid occurs in the trans cisternae. Sulfation of tyrosines and carbohydrates occurs within the TGN. Other general post-translational modifications of proteins include the addition of carbohydrates (glycosylation) and phosphates (phosphorylation). Protein modifications may form a signal sequence that determines the final destination of the protein. For example, the Golgi apparatus adds a mannose-6-phosphate label to proteins destined for lysosomes. Another important function of the Golgi apparatus is in the formation of proteoglycans. Enzymes in the Golgi append proteins to glycosaminoglycans, thus creating proteoglycans. Glycosaminoglycans are long unbranched polysaccharide molecules present in the extracellular matrix of animals.\n\nVesicular transport\n\nThe vesicles that leave the rough endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, where they fuse with the Golgi membrane and empty their contents into the lumen. Once inside the lumen, the molecules are modified, then sorted for transport to their next destinations.\n\nThose proteins destined for areas of the cell other than either the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus are moved through the Golgi cisternae towards the trans face, to a complex network of membranes and associated vesicles known as the trans-Golgi network (TGN). This area of the Golgi is the point at which proteins are sorted and shipped to their intended destinations by their placement into one of at least three different types of vesicles, depending upon the signal sequence they carry.\n\nCurrent models of vesicular transport and trafficking\n\nModel 1: Anterograde vesicular transport between stable compartments\n In this model, the Golgi is viewed as a set of stable compartments that work together. Each compartment has a unique collection of enzymes that work to modify protein cargo. Proteins are delivered from the ER to the cis face using COPII-coated vesicles. Cargo then progress toward the trans face in COPI-coated vesicles. This model proposes that COPI vesicles move in two directions: anterograde vesicles carry secretory proteins, while retrograde vesicles recycle Golgi-specific trafficking proteins.\n Strengths: The model explains observations of compartments, polarized distribution of enzymes, and waves of moving vesicles. It also attempts to explain how Golgi-specific enzymes are recycled.\n Weaknesses: Since the amount of COPI vesicles varies drastically among types of cells, this model cannot easily explain high trafficking activity within the Golgi for both small and large cargoes. Additionally, there is no convincing evidence that COPI vesicles move in both the anterograde and retrograde directions.\n This model was widely accepted from the early 1980s until the late 1990s.\n\nModel 2: Cisternal progression/maturation\n In this model, the fusion of COPII vesicles from the ER begins the formation of the first cis-cisterna of the Golgi stack, which progresses later to become mature TGN cisternae. Once matured, the TGN cisternae dissolve to become secretory vesicles. While this progression occurs, COPI vesicles continually recycle Golgi-specific proteins by delivery from older to younger cisternae. Different recycling patterns may account for the differing biochemistry throughout the Golgi stack. Thus, the compartments within the Golgi are seen as discrete kinetic stages of the maturing Golgi apparatus.\n Strengths: The model addresses the existence of Golgi compartments, as well as differing biochemistry within the cisternae, transport of large proteins, transient formation and disintegration of the cisternae, and retrograde mobility of native Golgi proteins, and it can account for the variability seen in the structures of the Golgi.\n Weaknesses: This model cannot easily explain the observation of fused Golgi networks, tubular connections among cisternae, and differing kinetics of secretory cargo exit.\n\nModel 3: Cisternal progression/maturation with heterotypic tubular transport\n This model is an extension of the cisternal progression/maturation model. It incorporates the existence of tubular connections among the cisternae that form the Golgi ribbon, in which cisternae within a stack are linked. This model posits that the tubules are important for bidirectional traffic in the ER-Golgi system: they allow for fast anterograde traffic of small cargo and/or the retrograde traffic of native Golgi proteins.\n Strengths: This model encompasses the strengths of the cisternal progression/maturation model that also explains rapid trafficking of cargo, and how native Golgi proteins can recycle independently of COPI vesicles.\n Weaknesses: This model cannot explain the transport kinetics of large protein cargo, such as collagen. Additionally, tubular connections are not prevalent in plant cells. The roles that these connections have can be attributed to a cell-specific specialization rather than a universal trait. If the membranes are continuous, that suggests the existence of mechanisms that preserve the unique biochemical gradients observed throughout the Golgi apparatus.\n\nModel 4: Rapid partitioning in a mixed Golgi\n This rapid partitioning model is the most drastic alteration of the traditional vesicular trafficking point of view. Proponents of this model hypothesize that the Golgi works as a single unit, containing domains that function separately in the processing and export of protein cargo. Cargo from the ER move between these two domains, and randomly exit from any level of the Golgi to their final location. This model is supported by the observation that cargo exits the Golgi in a pattern best described by exponential kinetics. The existence of domains is supported by fluorescence microscopy data.\n Strengths: Notably, this model explains the exponential kinetics of cargo exit of both large and small proteins, whereas other models cannot.\n Weaknesses: This model cannot explain the transport kinetics of large protein cargo, such as collagen. This model falls short on explaining the observation of discrete compartments and polarized biochemistry of the Golgi cisternae. It also does not explain formation and disintegration of the Golgi network, nor the role of COPI vesicles.\n\nModel 5: Stable compartments as cisternal model progenitors\n This is the most recent model. In this model, the Golgi is seen as a collection of stable compartments defined by Rab (G-protein) GTPases.\n Strengths: This model is consistent with numerous observations and encompasses some of the strengths of the cisternal progression/maturation model. Additionally, what is known of the Rab GTPase roles in mammalian endosomes can help predict putative roles within the Golgi. This model is unique in that it can explain the observation of \"megavesicle\" transport intermediates.\n Weaknesses: This model does not explain morphological variations in the Golgi apparatus, nor define a role for COPI vesicles. This model does not apply well for plants, algae, and fungi in which individual Golgi stacks are observed (transfer of domains between stacks is not likely). Additionally, megavesicles are not established to be intra-Golgi transporters.\n\nThough there are multiple models that attempt to explain vesicular traffic throughout the Golgi, no individual model can independently explain all observations of the Golgi apparatus. Currently, the cisternal progression/maturation model is the most accepted among scientists, accommodating many observations across eukaryotes. The other models are still important in framing questions and guiding future experimentation. Among the fundamental unanswered questions are the directionality of COPI vesicles and role of Rab GTPases in modulating protein cargo traffic.\n\nBrefeldin A\nBrefeldin A (BFA) is a fungal metabolite used experimentally to disrupt the secretion pathway as a method of testing Golgi function. BFA blocks the activation of some ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). ARFs are small GTPases which regulate vesicular trafficking through the binding of COPs to endosomes and the Golgi. BFA inhibits the function of several guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that mediate GTP-binding of ARFs. Treatment of cells with BFA thus disrupts the secretion pathway, promoting disassembly of the Golgi apparatus and distributing Golgi proteins to the endosomes and ER.\n\nGallery\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \n\nOrganelles" ]

[ "Camillo Golgi", "Biography", "Where was Golgi born?", "in the village of Corteno,", "Did Golgi complete any military service?", "worked as a civil physician in the Italian Army,", "Who was Golgi's most important teacher?", "I don't know.", "Did Golgi marry?", "I don't know." ]

[ "The Golgi matrix is a collection of proteins involved in the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. The matrix was first isolated in 1994 as an amorphous collection of 12 proteins that remained associated together in the presence of detergent (which removed Golgi membranes) and 150 mM NaCl (which removed weakly associated proteins). Treatment with a protease enzyme removed the matrix, which confirmed the importance of proteins for the matrix structure. Modern freeze etch electron microscopy (EM) clearly shows a mesh connecting Golgi cisternae and associated vesicles. Further support for the existence of a matrix comes from EM images showing that ribosomes are excluded from regions between and near Golgi cisternae.\n\nStructure and function\n\nThe first individual protein component of the matrix was identified in 1995 as Golgin A2 (then called GM130). Since then, many other golgin family proteins have been found to be in the Golgi matrix and are associated with the Golgi membranes in a variety of ways. For example, GMAP210 (Golgi Microtubule Associated Protein 210) has an ALPS (Amphipathic Lipid-Packing Sensor) motif in the N-termal 38 amino acids and an ARF1-binding domain called GRAB (Grip-Related Arf-Binding) at the C-terminus. Thus, the GRAB-domain can bind indirectly to Golgi cisternae and its ALPS motif can tether vesicles.\nGolgins have coiled-coil domains and are thus predicted to have elongated structures up to 200 nm in length. Most are peripheral membrane proteins attached at one end to Golgi membranes. They have flexible regions between the coiled-coil domains, which make them ideal candidates for mediating the dynamic vesicle docking to Golgi cisternae and dynamic structure of the Golgi itself.\n\nGolgi reassembly-stacking proteins are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins in the Golgi matrix. GRASP65 and GRASP55 are the 2 human GRASPs. These proteins were named from their requirement for accurate Golgi reassembly during an in vitro assay, but they have also been shown to function in vivo, as shown in the accompanying figure. GRASPs associate with lipid bilayers because they are myristoylated and their myristic acid residue intercalates into the lipid layer. Their trans oligomerization is controlled by phosphorylation and is thought to explain the fragmentation of the Golgi as required during mitosis.\n\nComponents\n\nBicaudal D homolog\n CASP\n CG-NAP\nCOH1 \n GCC88\n GCC185\n GCP60\nGiantin\n GMAP210\nGolgin A2\n Golgin A7\nGolgin 45\nGolgin 67 and the product of duplicated gene GOLGA8A \nGolgin 84\nGolgin 97\nGolgin 160\nGolgin 245\n GORAB\nGRASP55 \nGRASP65 \n JAKMIP2\n JAKMIP3\n TMF1\nUSO1\n\nDisease associations\nCG-NAP hereditary Long QT syndrome LQT11\nCOH1 Cohen Syndrome\nGMAP210 Achondrogenesis type IA\nGolgin A2 a complex, neuromuscular disorder\nGORAB Gerodermia osteodysplastica\n\nReferences\n\nCell anatomy\nHistology\nMatrices (biology)\nOrganelles", "Golgi may refer to:\nCamillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italian physician and scientist after whom the following terms are named: \nGolgi apparatus (also called the Golgi body, Golgi complex, or dictyosome), an organelle in a eukaryotic cell\nGolgi tendon organ, a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ\nGolgi's method or Golgi stain, a nervous tissue staining technique\nGolgi alpha-mannosidase II, an enzyme\nGolgi cell, a type of interneuron found in the cerebellum\nGolgi I, a nerve cell with a long axon\nGolgi II, a nerve cell with a short or no axon\nGolgi (crater), a lunar impact crater\nCórteno Golgi, an Italian village" ]

[ "Red Auerbach", "First coaching years (1941-1950)" ]

[ "Safari Motorcoach Corporation (also known as Safari Coach) is a defunct American motor coach manufacturing company that was based in Oregon. The company's manufacturing plant was initially located in Harrisburg. The Safari Coach brand name was purchased by Monaco in 2002, however the Safari Coach name was no longer being used as of 2009.\n\nHistory\n\nSafari was founded in the 1980s by Mat Perlot and Curt Lawler, former employees of Beaver Motorcoach Corporation. The company started building diesel- and gas-powered Class A motorhomes. Safari bought Beaver in 1994 for $7.6 million after outbidding Country Coach. In 2002, Monaco Coach purchased Safari and Beaver brand names. In 2006 Beaver moved its assembly plant. Safari was able to keep its plant in Harrisburg open. Safari also shared ownership in Beaver's Bend assembly plant. In 2006 the Beaver plant moved and Safari had to vacate. Throughout his career, Mat Perlot, stayed in touch with his customer base. He knew that once you owned one of his coaches, you were a candidate for another, newer one down the road. One of the ways he did this was to create Safari International, a chapter of the Family Motor Coach Association. With over 4,000 members at one time Mat knew what they wanted in a motor coach and he was excited to market to their desires. Today, Safari International still exists, albeit much smaller in size, but they still maintain their beautify coaches with pride. They can be found at Safari-International.org\n\nBankruptcy And Closure Of Brand\n\nIn 2009, Monaco filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The following year Navistar International purchased Monaco, but Navistar did not purchase the Safari Coach brand name, the Safari and Beaver brand names were no longer used.\n\nReferences\n\n1986 establishments in Oregon\n2009 disestablishments in Oregon\nManufacturing companies based in Oregon\nCompanies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2009\nDefunct companies based in Oregon\nRecreational vehicle manufacturers", "Oddvar Ingolf Hansen (11 April 1921 – 31 March 2011) was a Norwegian footballer and coach, who represented Brann in his hometown Bergen.\n\nAs a player, Hansen was a right-back who played 238 first-team games for Brann between 1940 and 1956. He was a losing cup finalist in 1950. He also won 19 caps for Norway between 1948 and 1954, and was a member of Norway's squad at the 1952 Olympics, but he did not play in any matches.\n\nAs a coach, Hansen became player-coach of Brann in 1955 when he took over from Englishman George Ainsley. He had three spells as Brann's head coach (1955–57, 1960–63 and 1965–68), and is best remembered for leading the club to consecutive league titles in 1962 and 1963. The 1963 title would turn out to be Brann's last league championship in 44 years, until the drought came to an end in 2007.\n\nIn addition to his achievements in football, Hansen was also an excellent table tennis player, who became national champion in 1947. He died on 31 March 2011, less than two weeks before what would have been his 90th birthday.\n\nReferences\n\n1921 births\n2011 deaths\nNorwegian footballers\nNorwegian football managers\nNorway international footballers\nSK Brann players\nSK Brann managers\nSportspeople from Bergen\nAssociation football defenders" ]

[ "Red Auerbach", "First coaching years (1941-1950)", "What did he coach?", "1941, Auerbach began coaching basketball" ]

[ "The Migraine Disability Assessment Test (MIDAS) is a test used by doctors to determine how severely migraines affect a patient's life. Patients are asked questions about the frequency and duration of their headaches, as well as how often these headaches limited their ability to participate in activities at work, at school, or at home.\n\nThe test was evaluated by the professional journal Neurology in 2001; it was found to be both reliable and valid.\n\nQuestions\nThe MIDAS contains the following questions:\n\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss work or school because of your headaches?\n How many days in the last 3 months was your productivity at work or school reduced by half or more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 1 where you missed work or school.)\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you not do household work because of your headaches?\n How many days in the last three months was your productivity in household work reduced by half of more because of your headaches? (Do not include days you counted in question 3 where you did not do household work.)\n On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss family, social or leisure activities because of your headaches?\n\nThe patient's score consists of the total of these five questions. Additionally, there is a section for patients to share with their doctors:\n\nWhat your Physician will need to know about your headache:\n\nA. On how many days in the last 3 months did you have a headache?\n(If a headache lasted more than 1 day, count each day.)\t\n\nB. On a scale of 0 - 10, on average how painful were these headaches? \n(where 0 = no pain at all and 10 = pain as bad as it can be.)\n\nScoring\nOnce scored, the test gives the patient an idea of how debilitating his/her migraines are based on this scale:\n\n0 to 5, MIDAS Grade I, Little or no disability \n\n6 to 10, MIDAS Grade II, Mild disability\n\n11 to 20, MIDAS Grade III, Moderate disability\n\n21+, MIDAS Grade IV, Severe disability\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nMigraine Treatment\n\nMigraine", "\"How Do I Breathe\" is a song recorded by American singer Mario. It is the first single from his third studio album Go. The single was released on May 15, 2007. It was produced by Norwegian production team Stargate. On the issue date of July 7, 2007, the single debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 91. \"How Do I Breathe\" also debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 30 on download sales alone, the day before the physical release of the song. It also became Mario's last charting single in the UK. The song also peaked at number 18 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The official remix of the song features Fabolous and the second official remix features Cassidy. A rare third one features both artists and switches between beats. The song was co-written by Mario.\n\nWriting and recording\nMario met Stargate, the producers from Norway. They met when Mario was overseas touring, and they talked about producing. They were up-and-coming at the time. Mario frequently heard their music on the radio and would later say he thought, \"Wow, I really like their music. These guys are classic.\" Mario and Stargate made two songs, which they collaborated on with Ne-Yo, but they did not make the cut. Then they did two more songs, which Mario co-wrote, one of which was \"How Do I Breathe\". Mario said: \"The truth is that I felt like the track already had a story to tell; but that there had to be a certain flow over the record. I had to show some vulnerability, and that is what the record is about. It's about being vulnerable and knowing that you lost something that so essential to your life. I'd say it's about 75% true to life, and the rest is just creative writing.\"\n\nCritical reception\nMark Edward Nero of About.com says \"The track isn't particularly groundbreaking, but it has a simple charm, in a sort of Ne-Yo meets Toni Braxton kind of way\".\n\nAaron Fields of KSTW.com stated: \"First single off the album, yet didn't have the success like \"Let me love you\" did. I remember thinking he was definitely back when I heard this song. I'm not sure why this song didn't get more attention as it is one of the better songs done by him, nevertheless I probably would have picked this for the first single as well. I still bump this one in the car.\"\n\nMusic video\nThe video was directed by Melina and premiered on BET's Access Granted on May 23, 2007. One scene where Mario is dressed in a white t-shirt while singing in smoke, is similar to the scene in Kanye West's video \"Touch the Sky\". After its premiere, \"How Do I Breathe\" received heavy airplay on BET's music video countdown show 106 & Park. It also appeared at number 87 on BET's Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2007 countdown.\n\nVariations of \"How Do I Breathe\"\nAfter the song was released, there were two different variations that were available. The official version provided by Sony BMG, which was included within the official music video, has different lyrics than the one obtained via a peer-to-peer file sharing network. The specific difference in the lyrics is seen within the bridge of the song near the end.\n\nIn the official version, the bridge's lyrics are as follows:\"Ooh, I should've brought my love home, girl.And baby, I ain't perfect you know.The grind has got a tight hold.Girl, come back to me ... Cause girl you made it hard to breathe...When you're not with me...\"\nIn the other version obtained via a file sharing network, the bridge's lyrics are:\"Ooh, I can't get over you, no.Baby I don't wanna let go.Girl, you need to come home.Back to me ... Cause girl you made it hard to breathe...When you're not with me...\"\n\nThe other version obtained over a file sharing network also features a shout out to former NFL running back Shaun Alexander by an untold DJ near the end of the track.\n\nIn other media\nOn July 16, 2008, Kourtni Lind and Matt Dorame from the US television reality program and dance competition So You Think You Can Dance danced to \"How Do I Breathe\" as the part of the competition.\n\nTrack listing\nUK CD:\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (Full Phat remix featuring Rhymefest)\n\nPromo CD:\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (instrumental)\n\nHow Do I Breathe, Pt. 2:\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (Full Phat Remix featuring Rhymefest)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (Allister Whitehead Remix)\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (video)\n\nCD single\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (radio edit) – 3:38\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (instrumental) – 3:38\n \"How Do I Breathe\" (call out hook) – 0:10\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n2006 songs\n2007 singles\nMario (American singer) songs\nJ Records singles\nMusic videos directed by Melina Matsoukas\nSong recordings produced by Stargate (record producers)\nSongs written by Tor Erik Hermansen\nSongs written by Mikkel Storleer Eriksen" ]

[ "Red Auerbach", "First coaching years (1941-1950)", "What did he coach?", "1941, Auerbach began coaching basketball", "How did his team do?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Alex Hadley (born 14 September 1973) is an Australian Paralympic swimmer from the United Kingdom. He was born in Staines, England. He competed but did not win any medals at the 1996 Atlanta Games. At the 2004 Athens Games, he won a gold medal in the Men's 4 × 100 m Medley 34 pts event and a silver medal in the Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle 34 pts event. He also competed but did not win any medals at the 2008 Beijing Games.\n\nReferences\n\nMale Paralympic swimmers of Australia\nSwimmers at the 1996 Summer Paralympics\nSwimmers at the 2004 Summer Paralympics\nSwimmers at the 2008 Summer Paralympics\nMedalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics\nParalympic gold medalists for Australia\nParalympic silver medalists for Australia\nEnglish emigrants to Australia\nPeople from Staines-upon-Thames\n1973 births\nLiving people\nParalympic medalists in swimming", "Finland competed at the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv. It was the country's second participation in the Paralympics. Despite a good result in 1960 (with its sole representative winning gold in his single event), Finland did not take part in the 1964 Games. Finland again sent just one competitor: Veikko Puputti, who entered the men's javelin and club throw. He did not win any medal.\n\nBackground \nFinland did not take part in the 1964 Games.\n\nTeam \nIn 1968, Finland again sent just one competitor: Veikko Puputti, who entered the men's javelin and club throw. He did not win any medal. This is the only time Finland has taken part in the Summer Paralympic Games without winning a medal.\n\nOpening ceremony \nFinland the stadium during the Open Ceremonies behind Ethiopia.\n\nAthletics \n\nPuputti entered events in disability category A. In the javelin, he achieved a throw of 13.05m, placing him 22nd out of 35 competitors in the qualifying round. This was insufficient for him to advance to the final, where South Africa's Daniel Erasmus went on to win gold with a throw of 19.79m.\n\nPuputti's other event was the club throw. Here, a result of 25.90m ranked him 19th out of 45, causing him to be eliminated at the qualifying stage. Vic Renalson of Australia subsequently won gold, with a world record throw of 39.02m in the final round.\n\nSee also\nFinland at the 1968 Summer Olympics\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nInternational Paralympic Committee official website\n\nNations at the 1968 Summer Paralympics\n1968\nParalympics" ]

[ "Red Auerbach", "First coaching years (1941-1950)", "What did he coach?", "1941, Auerbach began coaching basketball", "How did his team do?", "I don't know.", "Did he win any games?", "49-11 win-loss record, including a standard-setting 17-game winning streak that stood as the single-season league record until 1969." ]

[ "The Toledo Bullfrogs was to be a professional arena football team based at the Lucas County Arena in Toledo, Ohio. They were scheduled to begin play in the af2, the developmental league of the Arena Football League, in 2010, until that league folded in 2009. The team never played a game and the Toledo Bullfrogs website now leads directly to the Toledo Walleye website.\n\nHistory\nOn September 22, 2008, Toledo Arena Sports, Inc. (a non-profit group led by the owners of the International League's Toledo Mud Hens which also owns the ECHL's Toledo Walleye), announced that an af2 franchise was coming to the arena.\n\nOn November 18, the Bullfrogs announced their name, logo, and colors. The name was chosen as an homage to the city sitting on what was formerly the Great Black Swamp, ergo, when the city was founded, there was a frog infestation. This heritage is also immortalized in the Lucas County Courthouse and Jail, where a frog is depicted in the floor mosaic.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Toledo Bullfrogs\n\nDefunct af2 teams\nSports teams in Toledo, Ohio\nDefunct American football teams in Ohio\nAmerican football teams established in 2008\nAmerican football teams disestablished in 2009\n2008 establishments in Ohio\n2009 disestablishments in Ohio", "The North Shore Lions football organization is currently a member of the QBFL (Quebec Bantam Football League) operating in the West Island of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. This storied organization was founded in 1967 when the local teams were struggling to find talented kids to play football. Since 1967, this organization has taken part in 35+ provincial championship games and won 37 of them.\n\nAbout North Shore football\nThe North Shore Football League plays host to teams for children aged 6–13. The different age groups are Atom (6-9 year olds), Mosquito (10-11 year olds), PeeWee (12-13 year olds), Bantam (14-15 year olds) and Midget (16-17 year olds). The first three (Atom, Mosquito and PeeWee) are hosted through a series of parks. The Bantam Lions play in Quebec Bantam Football League's (QBFL) Bill Allan division which is the Bantam AAA first division. The Midget Mustangs play in Quebec Midget Football League's (QMFL) Bruno Heppell division which is the Midget AAA division.\n\nTeam history\nIn the early to mid-1960s, the North Shore Football League was still in its infancy and at the time there were four bantam teams that played amongst themselves in a house-league system. The names that were chosen for these teams were taken from the western teams in the CFL. These were the Eskimos, Stampeders, Bombers, and Lions, who, at the time, were playing their home games at Rive Boisée park. As it was becoming increasingly difficult to find enough players to make four bantam teams, a decision was made in 1966 to disband the four-team system and to create one elite team that was going to compete the following year at the inter-city level in the fledgling Metropolitan Bantam Football League (MBFL). They still needed to come up with a name for the team so it was decided that whichever of the four existing teams won what would be the last North Shore championship that year, their name would be used for the new inter-city team that was to begin competing the following year in 1967. As it happened, the Lions won that last championship and this was the creation of the team that we now know today.\n\nIn their inaugural season, under the guidance of their first head coach, Ron Hutchison, they began what was to become a winning streak of 42 straight games without a loss and their first of many provincial championship titles. In 1980, the MBFL fell into the jurisdiction of the Quebec Amateur Football Federation (QAFF) and changed to what we now know as the Quebec Bantam Football League (QBFL). The original MBFL championship trophy was retired and was presented by Bill Allan, then president of the MBFL and founding father of the North Shore Football League, to the Lions for having won the most championships during the time the MBFL existed.\n\nExternal links\n North Shore Lions\n\nCanadian football teams in Montreal\nCanadian Junior Football League teams\nWest Island\nSports clubs established in 1967\n1967 establishments in Quebec" ]

[ "Red Auerbach", "First coaching years (1941-1950)", "What did he coach?", "1941, Auerbach began coaching basketball", "How did his team do?", "I don't know.", "Did he win any games?", "49-11 win-loss record, including a standard-setting 17-game winning streak that stood as the single-season league record until 1969.", "What was his teams name?", "Capitols" ]

[ "\n\nTop Division\n\nGroup A\n\nHead coach: Pat Quinn\n\nHead coach: Marek Sýkora\n\nHead coach: Ernst Höfner\n\nHead coach: Oleg Bolyakin\n\nHead coach: Ron Rolston\n\nGroup B\n\nHead coach: Jukka Rautakorpi\n\nHead coach: Andrejs Maticins\n\nHead coach: Sergei Nemchinov\n\nHead coach: Stefan Mikes\n\nHead coach: Pär Mårts\n\nNHL prospects by team\nThere were 72 NHL-drafted prospects playing in the tournament. In addition, six of the top-ten ranked players in the 2009 draft participated. The Latvian and Kazakh teams did not have any NHL prospects on their rosters.\n\nReferences\n\nSee also\n 2009 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships\n 2009 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships - Division I\n 2009 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships - Division II\n\nRosters\nWorld Junior Ice Hockey Championships rosters", "James Steen was the head coach of the swim teams at Kenyon College from 1976 to 2012.\n\nSteen's teams have won more NCAA championships than any other team in any division or any sport. The Lords have won 31 consecutive NCAA Division III championships, the first having been in 1980, while the Ladies have won 23 (nonconsecutive) titles. In over 30 years at Kenyon, Coach Steen has developed over 150 NCAA champions and over 300 All-Americans. He has coached several Olympic Trial qualifiers, Division I All-Americans, and been voted CSCAA Division III Coach-of-the-year twelve times. He has also produced more post-graduate scholars than any other coach in any division, and places high importance on students' academic performance as well as athletic success.\n\nIn 1996 Coach Steen took a one-year sabbatical from Kenyon College to consult with many of America's top coaches prior to the Atlanta Olympic Games. He was also consulted during the designing and building of the swimming facilities for the Kenyon Athletic Center in 2002. In August 2008, he was invited to give an informational \"pep talk\" to the Ohio State Buckeyes football team.\n\nSteen is the creator of the Power Rack, and began the Elite Swim Camps, which have grown to sports other than swimming.\n\nSteen retired from coaching in 2012 after 36 years. He was replaced by Kenyon former Kenyon swimmer Jess Book, who has won three consecutive NCAA Division III titles. \n\nFormer Kenyon swimmers now coaching at the college level include NCAA Champion Coaches Gregg Parini (Denison), Jon Howell (Emory), and Marc Christian (Pitt).\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Kenyon profile\n\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nLiving people\nAmerican swimming coaches\nCollege swimming coaches in the United States\nKenyon Lords and Ladies swimming and diving" ]

[ "Red Auerbach", "First coaching years (1941-1950)", "What did he coach?", "1941, Auerbach began coaching basketball", "How did his team do?", "I don't know.", "Did he win any games?", "49-11 win-loss record, including a standard-setting 17-game winning streak that stood as the single-season league record until 1969.", "What was his teams name?", "Capitols", "Did he coach any other teams?", "After leaving the Capitols, Auerbach became assistant coach of the Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Red Auerbach", "First coaching years (1941-1950)", "What did he coach?", "1941, Auerbach began coaching basketball", "How did his team do?", "I don't know.", "Did he win any games?", "49-11 win-loss record, including a standard-setting 17-game winning streak that stood as the single-season league record until 1969.", "What was his teams name?", "Capitols", "Did he coach any other teams?", "After leaving the Capitols, Auerbach became assistant coach of the Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Auerbach traded more than two dozen players in just six weeks," ]

[ "\"Llangollen Market\" is a song from early 19th century Wales. It is known to have been performed at an eisteddfod at Llangollen in 1858.\n\nThe text of the song survives in a manuscript held by the National Museum of Wales, which came into the possession of singer Mary Davies, a co-founder of the Welsh Folk-Song Society.\n\nThe song tells the tale of a young man from the Llangollen area going off to war and leaving behind his broken-hearted girlfriend. Originally written in English, the song has been translated into Welsh and recorded by several artists such as Siân James, Siobhan Owen, Calennig and Siwsann George.\n\nLyrics\nIt’s far beyond the mountains that look so distant here,\nTo fight his country’s battles, last Mayday went my dear;\nAh, well shall I remember with bitter sighs the day,\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me? At home why did I stay?\n\nAh, cruel was my father that did my flight restrain,\nAnd I was cruel-hearted that did at home remain,\nWith you, my love, contented, I’d journey far away;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me? At home why did I stay?\n\nWhile thinking of my Owen, my eyes with tears do fill,\nAnd then my mother chides me because my wheel stands still,\nBut how can I think of spinning when my Owen’s far away;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me? At home why did I stay?\n\nTo market at Llangollen each morning do I go,\nBut how to strike a bargain no longer do I know;\nMy father chides at evening, my mother all the day;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me, at home why did I stay?\n\nOh, would it please kind heaven to shield my love from harm,\nTo clasp him to my bosom would every care disarm,\nBut alas, I fear, 'tis distant - that happy, happy day;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me, at home why did stay?\n\nReferences\n\nWelsh folk songs", "\"Why Did You Do That?\" is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga for the 2018 film A Star Is Born and released on the soundtrack of the same name. It was written by Gaga with Diane Warren, Mark Nilan Jr., Nick Monson and Paul \"DJWS\" Blair, and produced by all but Warren. The song appears in the film during a sequence when Gaga's character, Ally, performs on Saturday Night Live, watched by her husband Jackson (played by co-star Bradley Cooper). Later Jackson berates Ally for selling out with the song's trite lyrics, but she defends it. \"Why Did You Do That?\" was written to evoke both a retro and a modern feel, and was recorded while Gaga was on her Joanne World Tour.\n\nThe song is interspersed with the sound of a xylophone and a repetitive chorus and post-chorus. After its release, the track received a great deal of attention for its lyrics, which some critics and fans felt were a critique of pop music. The songwriters defended the track, saying it was specifically written to emphasize that Ally's career was on the rise as Jackson's was declining.\n\nRecording and composition\n\n\"Why Did You Do That?\" was written by Gaga with Diane Warren, Mark Nilan Jr., Nick Monson and Paul \"DJWS\" Blair; all but Warren produced it. The singer had first collaborated with Warren on the 2015 sexual assault-themed song, \"Til It Happens to You\". Wanting to create a \"cool and fun Gaga song\", Warren wrote the lyrics of \"Why Did You Do That?\" against a backing track. Gaga wanted a \"retro/modern feel\" to the song and wanted Warren to get out of her comfort zone of writing alone. Monson had worked with Gaga on her third studio album, Artpop (2013), and was called in to write songs for A Star Is Born in early March 2017. Around two and a half years before, Paul \"DJWS\" Blair asked Mark Nilan Jr. to come to The Village West studio in Los Angeles and do a songwriting session with Gaga and Warren, resulting in the initial version of \"Why Did You Do That?\".\n\nCooper and Gaga began working with producers on the songs for A Star Is Born in a recording studio in Los Angeles. Once Gaga embarked on her Joanne World Tour (2017–2018), they created a recording studio on the tour bus. Every night after her show Gaga would return to the studio bus and record the tracks. Further recording was carried out at Woodrow Wilson in Hollywood, California, and Shangri-La Studios in Malibu, California. \"Why Did You Do That?\" was mixed by Tom Elmhirst at Electric Lady Studios in New York and was mastered by Randy Merrill at Sterling Sound Studios. The song opens with Ally singing the lines, \"Why do you look so good in those jeans? / Why'd you come around me with an ass like that?\" Warren had thought about the line and Gaga agreed to include it as the opening lyric. The composition is interspersed with xylophone music and the word \"damn\" in the mix. The chorus is repetitive with Gaga singing the words, \"Why did you do that, do that, do that, do that, do that to me?\" against a house beat.\n\nWarren clarified that the intention was not to write a \"bad\" pop song, but something that was fun and less serious, showing Ally's change into a pop artist. She added: \"I love that [Ally] defended her music. It doesn't have to be what he thinks music should be – music can be everything. It can be a serious song, it can be a pop song, it can be a song about an ass.\" Blair also defended the lyrics in an interview with The Washington Post, saying that it was written to specifically portray Ally's career \"taking off\", and hence it had to be \"more bubbly and mainstream\". He felt whatever the song Jackson would have resented it since he was upset at Ally's success and his failing career. Gaga on the other hand was vague about whether \"Why Did You Do That?\" is a bad song saying: \"When we see her on Saturday Night Live and she’s singing a song about why do you look so good in those jeans, it’s almost the antithesis of where we started,\" Gaga said. \"That is relatively shallow.\"\n\nUse in film\nIn A Star Is Born, \"Why Did You Do That?\" is performed by Lady Gaga's character Ally on an Alec Baldwin-hosted episode of Saturday Night Live. The performance represents Ally's transformation from a simple singer-songwriter into a \"full-fledged radio pop star\". Cooper's character, Ally's husband rock musician Jackson Maine, watches her perform it. This drives him to start drinking again. According to Refinery29, Jackson's disbelief and disappointment stems from his feeling that Ally is \"selling out\". Later, when Ally receives a Grammy Award nomination, a drunken Jackson berates her for \"letting go of the person he thought she was happiest being\". Ally defends the song and they quarrel.\n\nFor the dance sequence during the song, Gaga enlisted her long-time choreographer Richy Jackson, who choreographed all the performances in the film. The singer wanted the choreography to be \"jerky\". Jackson described the choreography he created for the song as having \"pop/R&B style with a 90s feel to it\". Since Ally's style and movements are not supposed to be like Gaga's, Jackson created an individual aesthetic for Ally as she performs \"Why Did You Do That?\" and the other uptempo songs like \"Heal Me\" and \"Hair Body Face\".\n\nCritical response and analysis\nAfter the soundtrack was released, \"Why Did You Do That?\" divided critics. Many reviewers assumed it was purposefully written with trite lyrics, to underscore Jackson's point of view about pop music compared to his country-rock songs. Critics found Jackson's dismissal of \"pop music\" to be caused by the character's short-sightedness and inability to go beyond his own rock music. Others believed that the \"bad\" song led the character reverting to his \"rampant alcoholism\".\n\nBrittany Spanos of Rolling Stone felt that the first time Gaga performs the song in the film it \"is meant to be jarring on many levels\" since it is the first time the audience sees Ally as a pop star. Spanos believes \"Why Did You Do That?\" presents \"an argument against pop, which inherently feels like an argument against Lady Gaga herself, one of the biggest advocates for the delectably catchy dance-pop Ally embodies\". However, she does find the song \"intoxicating\" and \"actually pretty great\", comparing it to Gaga's early work from The Fame (2008) era, \"a vampy flirt with a penchant for a hook you won't forget for years\". Alejandra Salazar of Refinery29 described the track as a \"campy, over-the-top pop track with ridiculous lyrics about texting and praying, and also about butts\". Salazar wondered whether the song was purposely \"engineered to be not-so-good\", to portray rock music as a more authentic genre in the film.\n\nWriting for The Daily Dot, Brenden Gallagher noted that \"Why Did You Do That?\" was not submitted by Warner Bros. for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, although it was popular among fans for its lyrics. Gallagher listed a number of Internet memes based on the song. Hazel Cillis of Jezebel contends that although \"Shallow\" and \"I'll Never Love Again\" \"might be the Oscar bait\" of Cooper's movie, \"Why Did You Do That\" is a \"mindless pop song that embodies all that Ally has become in the movie\".\n\nNate Jones of New York magazine characterized \"Why Did You Do That?\" as \"the song about butts\", noting how the song's opening line had become a central point of discussion of the film's portrayal of pop music against rock. Jones felt the general perception about the track \"often boils down to how you feel about [it] – is it terrible, is it a bop, or is it a terrible song that's also a bop?\" He found a number of \"ear-candy\" elements in the composition which grabbed the audience's attention, especially after the line about buttocks. Writing for The New York Times, Kyle Buchanan confessed to having the lyrics stuck in his head. He added that the track can sound shocking initially since \"it forgoes the timelessness of 'Shallow' and its ilk in favor of what feels like pop disposability\", but noted its rising popularity on social media. Dianne Warren noted the track has its \"revenge, because it sticks in your brain. And then you end up saying, 'Why did you do that, do that, do that'.\"\n\nCredits and personnel\nCredits adapted from the liner notes of A Star Is Born.\n\nManagement\n Recorded at Saturday Night Live set in NBC Studios, Woodrow Wilson Studios (Hollywood, California), The Village West (Los Angeles, California) and Shangri-La Studios (Malibu, California)\n Mixed at Electric Lady Studios (New York City)\n Mastered at Sterling Sound Studios (New York City)\n\nPersonnel\n\n Lady Gaga – primary vocals, songwriter, record producer\n Diane Warren – songwriter\n Mark Nilan Jr. – songwriter, producer, keyboards, programming\n Nick Monson – songwriter, producer, keyboards, programming\n Paul \"DJWS\" Blair – songwriter, producer\n Benjamin Rice – recording\n Alex Williams – recording assistant\n Rob Bisel – recording assistant\n Tom Elmhirst – mixing\n Brandon Bost – mixing engineer\n Randy Merrill – audio mastering\n Tim Stewart – guitar\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2018 songs\nLady Gaga songs\nSong recordings produced by Lady Gaga\nSongs written by Diane Warren\nSongs written by DJ White Shadow\nSongs written by Lady Gaga\nSongs written by Nick Monson\nSongs written for films" ]

[ "Red Auerbach", "First coaching years (1941-1950)", "What did he coach?", "1941, Auerbach began coaching basketball", "How did his team do?", "I don't know.", "Did he win any games?", "49-11 win-loss record, including a standard-setting 17-game winning streak that stood as the single-season league record until 1969.", "What was his teams name?", "Capitols", "Did he coach any other teams?", "After leaving the Capitols, Auerbach became assistant coach of the Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Auerbach traded more than two dozen players in just six weeks,", "Why did he do that?", "to rebuild the team from scratch." ]

[ "\"Good Thing\" is a song recorded by Fine Young Cannibals, the second single from their album from 1989, The Raw & the Cooked. The song was their second and most recent U.S. #1, topping the Billboard Hot 100 on 8 July 1989. It also peaked at #7 on the UK Singles Chart.\n\nThe song made its first appearance in Tin Men (1987). Fine Young Cannibals portrayed a nightclub band in the movie, performing this song and three others (including the single's b-side \"Social Security\"). The film is set in Baltimore in 1963, and the song's retro soul style is consistent with that setting.\n\nJools Holland played piano on the track, noting that it was \"one of the biggest selling records I've ever played on\".\n\nTrack listings\n 7\" Single\n \"Good Thing\" – 3:22\n \"Social Security\" – 3:26\n\n 12\" Maxi\n \"Good Thing\" (Prince Paul remix) – 5:30\n \"Good Thing\" (7\" mix) – 3:22\n \"Good Thing\" (Nothing Like the Single Mix - Instrumental) – 4:38\n\n 10\" Limited Edition\n \"Good Thing\" – 3:22\n \"Good Thing (Double Groove Alternate)\" – 3:22\n \"Social Security\" – 3:26\n\n CD maxi\n \"Good Thing\" (7\" mix) – 3:25\n \"Good Thing\" (Nothing Like the Single Mix) – 4:42\n \"She Drives Me Crazy\" (Monie Love Remix) – 5:59\n\nMusic video\nThe video features many scenes with the Orribly Good Scooter Club, the Jokers and A41 Eagles displaying their motor scooters, both at rest and in motion, as part of scooter boy culture. The scooters featured include stock scooters, as well as highly stylised scooters and minimalist cutdown scooters.\n\nIn popular culture\nThe song was featured in the trailer for Mad Dog and Glory (1993).\nThe song was featured in the TV spots for Passed Away (1992)\nTwice during 1998, the song was featured in episodes of Top Gear, first in a used car review of the Volkswagen Golf, with a voiceover by presenter Quentin Willson, the second in the beginning of the review of the Alfa Romeo 166, with scenes showing Alfa Romeo 156s. In 2007, the song was used in adverts for the Chevrolet Captiva (United Kingdom).\n\nThe song appears in Doomsday (2008), starring Rhona Mitra, in a surreal scene involving the film's main antagonist. It was also used in the film It's Complicated (2009), in the scene at the graduation party. It plays as Alec Baldwin walks towards Meryl Streep and Steve Martin, after noticing the two are obviously high.\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\nFine Young Cannibals songs\n1987 songs\n1989 singles\nBillboard Hot 100 number-one singles\nCashbox number-one singles\nRPM Top Singles number-one singles\nSongs written by David Steele (musician)\nSongs written by Roland Gift\nLondon Records singles", "\"Feels Good (Don't Worry Bout a Thing)\" is the only single released from Naughty by Nature's sixth album, IIcons. It was released on April 30, 2002 and featured R&B group 3LW. The single found success, making it to six Billboard charts, including 53 on the Billboard Hot 100. This was Naughty by Nature's only single to not feature DJ Kay Gee on production, instead the production was handled by the remaining members, Treach and Vin Rock.\n\nSingle track listing\n\nA-Side\n\"Feels Good (Don't Worry Bout a Thing)\" (Album Mix) - 4:13\n\"Feels Good (Don't Worry Bout a Thing)\" (Album Instrumental) - 4:13\n\"Feels Good (Don't Worry Bout a Thing)\" (Acapella) - 4:09\n\nB-Side\n\"Feels Good (Don't Worry Bout a Thing)\" (Kelly G. Club Mix) - 8:13\n\"Rah Rah\" 4:20 (Featuring Rottin Razkals)\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2002 singles\nNaughty by Nature songs\nTVT Records singles\n2002 songs\nSongs written by Treach\nSong recordings produced by Naughty by Nature\nSongs written by Vin Rock\n3LW songs" ]

[ "Red Auerbach", "First coaching years (1941-1950)", "What did he coach?", "1941, Auerbach began coaching basketball", "How did his team do?", "I don't know.", "Did he win any games?", "49-11 win-loss record, including a standard-setting 17-game winning streak that stood as the single-season league record until 1969.", "What was his teams name?", "Capitols", "Did he coach any other teams?", "After leaving the Capitols, Auerbach became assistant coach of the Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Auerbach traded more than two dozen players in just six weeks,", "Why did he do that?", "to rebuild the team from scratch.", "Was that a good thing?", "the revamped Blackhawks improved, but ended the 1949-50 NBA season with a losing record of 28-29." ]

[ "A quality control coach is a member of the coaching staff of a gridiron football team whose primary job is preparing the team for a game, beginning sometimes two or three weeks before the actual game. Their primary duties include preparing for the game by analyzing game film for statistical analysis.\n\nQuality control coach is typically an entry-level position for National Football League (NFL) coaches before moving on to positional jobs and coordinator positions. Several head coaches, such as Jon Gruden, Ron Rivera, and Robert Saleh began their coaching career in quality control. The first full-time female coach in NFL history, Kathryn Smith, was hired as a quality control coach by the Buffalo Bills in 2016.\n\nThere are three different types of quality control teams: offensive, defensive, and special teams. Offensive quality control will chart the upcoming teams' defense for various down and distance situations, field positions and how many times they use particular personnel groupings. Defensive quality control will do similar analysis of the offense. Special teams quality control will figure out what players are used in various special situations such as kickoff and punt.\n\nReferences \n\nAmerican football occupations\nQuality control coach\nCanadian football", "SOSTAC is a marketing model developed by PR Smith in the 1990s and later formalized in his 1998 book Marketing Communications, the subsequent series of SOSTAC Guides to your Perfect Plan (2011) and the SOSTAC Guide to your Perfect Digital Marketing Plan (2020).\n\nIt is an acronym for Smith's six fundamental facets of marketing: situation, objectives, strategy, tactics, action and control.\n\nSOSTAC contains a general marketing strategy which can be applied in various commercial situations. It includes an in-depth SWOT analysis, which helps businesses get ready for marketing campaigns; the main difference is that SOSTAC also focuses on the implementation stages of the process, on marketing communications and now, digital marketing.\n\nThe structure of SOSTAC is a simple logic that builds on an in-depth Situation Analysis which informs subsequent decisions made about strategy and tactics. It is crystal clear logic enables better decision making and therefore better plans .\n\nMarketing experts have adapted SOSTAC to a number of specific situations, including direct marketing and electronic marketing. The steps in the process have also been adapted to the development of internet security systems and company business plans.\n\nSteps in SOSTAC\nSituation assesses where a business is presently (where are you now?).\nObjectives set the mission or goals for the business (where do you want to be?).\nStrategy is an overview of how to achieve the objectives (how do you get there?).\nTactics are the details of strategy (e.g. the marketing mix) (how exactly do we get there?)\nActions how do you ensure excellent execution of the plan. (what is our plan?)\nControl establishes how you know whether you are getting there (what do you monitor?).\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n SOSTAC Website\nwww.PRSmith.org\nPRSmithPerfectPlan4minutes\nPRSmithPefectPlan3minutes\n\nMarketing techniques" ]

[ "Dreamgirls (film)", "Premieres, road show engagements, and general releases" ]

[ "Miffy the Movie (originally released under the title Nijntje de film in the Netherlands) is a 2013 Dutch stop motion animated family film, based on the Miffy character created by Dick Bruna. Produced by KRO and A. Film A/S, the movie debuted on 30 January 2013 in the Netherlands.\n\nThe series is animated in the style of Miffy and Friends, the first television adaptation of Miffy.\n\nSynopsis \nThe titular rabbit, Miffy, goes on a treasure hunt at a zoo. Along with her friends Snuffy the dog, Melanie the rabbit and Grunty the pig, she is able to complete the quest through problem-solving.\n\nCast\n\nRelease \nThe film was first announced on 18 May 2010, with an expected release date of November 2011. Production was delayed for unknown reasons, and the first trailer for Miffy the Movie was released in 2012. The film was first screened in the Netherlands, its country of origin, and was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. On 22 March 2013, the film was released in Japan. In Canada, Miffy the Movie premiered as part of the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival. The movie saw its Australian release on 11 May 2013; for this country, Miffy the Movie was distributed by Transmission Films. \n\nThe film was released in several additional countries in 2015, to celebrate the sixtieth anniversary of the \"Miffy\" character. The movie was released in Poland on 1 June 2015 and in the United Kingdom on 21 June 2015.\n\nA Dutch-language DVD was released on 26 June 2013 in the Netherlands. A German disc was released on 9 March 2014 and a Region 1 DVD featuring an English audio track was released on 2 December 2014 in North America, despite the film not getting a theatrical release in Germany and the United States.\n\nAccolades\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\n2013 films\nAnimated films based on children's books\nAnimated films based on animated series\nAnimated films about Leporidae\nDutch animated films\nDutch children's films\nDutch comedy films\nDutch films\n2010s Dutch-language films\nFilms based on Dutch novels\n2010s stop-motion animated films\n2010s children's animated films", "Happiness Ltd. is the third studio album, and second major release since signing with Sire Records by Hot Hot Heat. The album was released on September 11, 2007. It is their first album without original member Dante DeCaro.\n\nTrack listing\n\nIn media\n The song \"5 Times Out of 100\" originally appeared on Hot Hot Heat's earlier release, Knock Knock Knock.\n The album was also released as a Deluxe Limited Edition with a bonus DVD containing the fifty-minute \"Harmonicas and Tambourines\" making-of documentary.\n The track \"My Best Fiend\" was included on the MLB 08: The Show soundtrack, in which you are able to listen to it while browsing the main menu.\n The track \"Give Up?\" is included on the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable video game Burnout Dominator, it is also featured in the movie Sex Drive.\n The track \"Let Me In\" was included on the video game Saints Row 2's in-game radio.\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\n Official Site\n \n Hot Hot Heat Myspace\n\nHot Hot Heat albums\n2007 albums\nSire Records albums" ]

[ "Dreamgirls (film)", "Premieres, road show engagements, and general releases", "Was the movie originally in limited release?", "debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006" ]

[ "Sir Graves Ghastly was a character created by Cleveland-born actor Lawson J. Deming (1913–2007) for the popular television show of the same name.\n\nSir Graves was a vampire whose persona, look, and exaggerated laugh (\"Nnnnyeah-ha-ha-ha-haaaaaaaaah!\") were intended to parody the cliched portrayal of vampires in horror films of the time. Other characters on the show included Sir Graves' sidekick Baruba, a ghostly apparition known only as The Glob, and a cemetery caretaker named Reel McCoy, who traditionally opened each episode by unearthing a movie reel from what appeared to be a grave. The show followed a consistent format of back-to-back horror films, interspersed with brief sketch comedy pieces featuring the many characters. The program was originally billed as Sir Graves' Big Show, but later became known simply by the character's name.\n\nSir Graves Ghastly had its longest run Saturday afternoons on WJBK, TV2 in Detroit, from 1967 to 1982: fifteen seasons in all. In the 1970s, Deming marketed the show to Cleveland and Washington, D.C., where it also became a hit, but his popularity in those markets never quite reached that of the Detroit-area audience. The growing popularity of televised sports in the early 1980s, particularly college football, sent Sir Graves into hiatus in November 1982. A management change during this time led to the program being officially cancelled in 1983 before any other shows were produced. As he did while his show was running, Deming continued to do speaking engagements and personal appearances well into the 1990s.\n\nExternal links\n SirGravesGhastly.com (archived)\n Lawson J. Deming, Horror host - Facebook\n\nGhastly\nTelevision in Cleveland\nTelevision in Detroit\nHorror movie television series\nHorror hosts\n1967 American television series debuts\n\n \n\nDied: April 24, 2007 Source: Lawson_J._Deming", "In Hong Kong, wet markets are traditional markets that sell fresh meat, produce, and other perishable goods. There are wet markets in most neighbourhoods of Hong Kong and they often cater to older residents, low-income residents, and domestic workers. They are regulated by the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD). However, numerous individuals; no matter what level of income they have, will purchase foods from the wet market as it is often fresher and it allows for an individual to support local farmers/small businesses. The wet market also has a nostalgic mood as it is often busy with individuals shouting in Cantonese trying to promote their goods; a traditional way of marketing. (often nostalgic to many individuals)\n\nEarly history\n\nOn 16 May 1842, Central Market was opened in a central position on Queen's Road in Hong Kong. In this market, people could find all kinds of meat, fruit and vegetables, poultry, salt fish, fresh fish, weighing rooms and money changers.\n\nIn 1920, the Reclamation Street Market was opened in Hong Kong. Due to structural problems, Reclamation Street Market was removed by the government in 1953. In 1957, Yau Ma Tei Street Market launched to replace the Reclamation Street Market. There were fixed-pitch stalls which sold vegetables, fruits, seafood, beef, pork, and poultry. Also, there were stalls selling baby chickens, baby ducks, and three-striped box turtles as pets.\n\nPopularity\n\nIn 1994, wet markets accounted for 70% of produce sales and 50% of meat sales in Hong Kong.\n\nIn Hong Kong, wet markets are most frequented by older residents, those with lower incomes, and domestic helpers who serve approximately 10 percent of Hong Kong's residents. Most neighbourhoods contain at least one wet market. Wet markets have become destinations for tourists to \"see the real Hong Kong\".\n\nOwnership\nIn 2018, the FEHD operated 74 wet markets housing approximately 13,070 stalls. In addition, the Hong Kong Housing Authority operated 21 markets while private developers operated about 99 (in 2017). As of 2018, planning is underway for new wet markets in the new towns at Tung Chung, Tin Shui Wai, Hung Shui Kiu, Tseung Kwan O, and Kwu Tung North. Since many of the wet market buildings are owned by private property investment firms, the prices of food can vary from market to market.\n\nPractices\nHong Kong's wet markets are known to use red lampshades to make the food look fresher.\n\nInhumane slaughter methods are often used, including air asphyxiation of large numbers of live fish. According to a Dutch study, it takes 55-250 minutes for various species of fish to become insensible during this process.\n\nRegulations\n\nPrior to 2000, many of Hong Kong's wet markets were managed by the Urban Council (within Hong Kong Island and Kowloon) or the Regional Council (in the New Territories). Since the disbandment of the two councils on 31 December 1999, these markets have been managed by the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD) of the Hong Kong government.\n\nMarkets in Hong Kong are governed by the law of Hong Kong. Under the Slaughterhouse Regulation, the slaughtering of live bovine animals, swine, goats, sheep or soliped for human consumption must take place in a licensed slaughterhouse, None of the wet markets in Hong Kong hold wild or exotic animals.\n\nPoultry\nThe retail sale of live poultry in Hong Kong is permitted at licensed outlets only. At the end of 2016, there were 85 retail shops within public wet markets licensed to sell live poultry.\n\nIn 2008, the government of Hong Kong proposed that all poultry should be slaughtered at central abattoirs to combat the spread of avian flu. The FEHD has implemented a number of measures to reduce the risk of avian influenza. Regular inspections and cleaning take place, including nightly disinfection of each stall by external contractors. Stall owners selling live poultry are not allowed to keep the animals on the premises overnight; they must be slaughtered before 8:00 pm nightly.\n\nSee also\n Wet markets in China\n\nReferences\n\nAnimal trade\nFood markets\nRetail markets in Hong Kong" ]

[ "Dreamgirls (film)", "Premieres, road show engagements, and general releases", "Was the movie originally in limited release?", "debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006", "In what markets were those engagements?", "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco." ]

[ "On the Job is a six-part Philippine miniseries created by Erik Matti and Michiko Yamamoto for HBO Asia Originals. It was adapted from the two On the Job films: the 2013 film and its sequel The Missing 8, both of which are directed by Matti. Additionally, the first two episodes are a re-edited and remastered version of the first film.\n\nIt premiered on HBO Go on September 12, 2021.\n\nPremise \nAn official premise from HBO Go:\n\nCast\n\nMain\n\nRecurring\nIntroduced in On the Job (2013)\n\nIntroduced in The Missing 8 (2021)\n\nRicky Davao, William Martinez, Vandolph Quizon, Eric Fructuoso, and Ina Feleo are all cast in unspecified roles.\n\nProduction\nWhile The Missing 8 was initially planned to have an official theatrical release both domestically and internationally, continuous closures of movie theaters across the Philippines at that time amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has placed the film's distribution process in limbo. Director Erik Matti once said that he and his crew did consider splitting the film in two parts during post-production to reduce pacing issues and to ease local audiences' viewing experience once movie theaters in the Philippines re-open during the pandemic. He also stated that they have the option of turning the film into a four-episode series and selling it to television distributors or streaming services should the film fail to secure a theatrical release.\n\nIn August 2021, WarnerMedia Asia acquired the distribution rights to the sequel and the first film. Matti was then commissioned to re-edit the films into a six-part HBO Asia original miniseries; with this, he was able to recycle all unused and deleted scenes from the first film, creating a director's cut, which will be released as the first two episodes on its Asian subsidiary streaming service HBO Go.\n\nRelease\nOn the Job was released as HBO Asia original miniseries on its streaming service HBO Go. The first three episodes were released on September 12, 2021, with subsequent episodes released in Sundays till October 3, 2021.\n\nEpisodes\n\nReferences\n\nHBO Asia original programming\n2021 Philippine television series debuts\n2021 Philippine television series endings\nPhilippine crime television series\nPhilippine action television series\nPhilippine political television series\nPhilippine thriller television series\nPolitical thriller television series\nPhilippine television miniseries", "Hum Se Hai Zamana is a 1983 Indian Hindi-language film, directed by Deepak Bahry, starring Mithun Chakraborty and Zeenat Aman as the hero and heroine, along with Kamal Kapoor, Kajal Kiran, Amjad Khan, Danny Denzongpa, Kim, and Ranjeet as the rest of the characters. While the film did have a cast of well-known actors and actresses at the time, the movie ultimately failed to be a success at the box office.\n\nPlot\nTired of his older wife and son, the Thakur (Kamal Kapoor) remarries a much younger woman, and throws his wife and son out of his palatial house. His employees, led by Kalicharan (Shriram Lagoo), go on a strike, demanding higher pay and benefits, which are unacceptable to the Thakur. He invites Kalicharan to meet with him, offers him money, and when Kalicharan refuses, he has him killed. His second wife gives birth to a baby girl, Nisha (Zeenat Aman), and passes away. Years later, his past comes to haunt him when the sons of Kalicharan, Shiva (Mithun Chakraborty) and Karan (Danny Denzongpa), along with their widowed mother, seek revenge against him. To make matters worse, Nisha refuses to marry Ranjeet Ranvir Singh (Ranjeet), the man Thakur has chosen for her, for she loves Shiva; and the ultimate showdown between the Thakur and his now grown son, Iqbal (Amjad Khan) and Iqbal's lover (Kajal Kiran) and with Thakur's first wife.\n\nCast\n\nMain Cast \nKamal Kapoor as Thakur\nMithun Chakraborty as Shiva\nZeenat Aman as Nisha\nDanny Denzongpa as Karan\nKim as Sona\nAmjad Khan as Iqbal (Thakur's Son) \nKajal Kiran as Chhutki\nRanjeet as Ranvir\n\nGuest appearances \n\nBob Christo\nPinchoo Kapoor\nViju Khote\nTej Sapru\nSharat Saxena\nPraveen Kumar \nMajor Anand\nBeena Bawa\n\nRelease \nThe movie was released into theaters on September 23, 1983. In 2019, the movie was re-released on Amazon Prime.\n\nReception \nThe movie was rated a 6.5/10 by IMDb.\n\nWhile its cast was full of stars at the time, the film ultimately did not perform well at the box office, and the movie was a flop.\n\nThe movie brought more credibility to actress Kim, a rising star who starred in films such as Disco Dancer and Naseeb the year before. She was famed for her acting as Sona, and for her bikini scene in the film where she makes a failed escape attempt from a river after being pursued by bandits.\n\nSoundtrack\n\nThe songs in the movie, “Gustakhi Maaf Ho”, “Hum Se Na Takrana, Hum Se Hai Zamana,” and “Tenu Mainu Dekhe Zamana,” received much attention, and were popular prior to the movie's release.\n\n Track listing\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n• Hum Se Hai Zamana on IMDb\n\n1983 films\n1980s Hindi-language films\nIndian films\n1983 Western (genre) films\nFilms scored by Raamlaxman\nIndian Western (genre) films" ]

[ "Dreamgirls (film)", "Premieres, road show engagements, and general releases", "Was the movie originally in limited release?", "debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006", "In what markets were those engagements?", "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco.", "When did the movie go into wide release?", "The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25." ]

[ "In the United States, a film's box office gross in its second weekend of theatrical release is one of several factors used to predict overall box office performance. Most films experience a decline in box office gross in their second weekend, but a significant decline often indicates a subpar box office performance for the rest of a film's theatrical run. Some films are exceptions that they perform better in their second weekend of release than on opening weekend.\n\nSecond-weekend drop\n\nDuring a film's theatrical run, its box office performance generally declines from weekend to weekend. In addition to the film's opening-weekend gross, the percentage of the change between the opening weekend and the second weekend is used as a gauge for a film's commercial success. Assuming that the number of theaters stays the same, a normal drop in box office gross from the first weekend to the second would be 40%. A drop of greater than 60% indicates a weak future performance. Horror films are susceptible to having large drops in the second weekend and beyond even after a strong opening weekend. Chris Anderson, in his 2008 book The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More, said twenty years prior, the average film experienced a second weekend drop of less than 30% and that the contemporary drop was now around 50%. Anderson ascribed the change to moviegoers being able to better identify mediocre and bad films through more information, both from more reviews and greater word-of-mouth. Slate in 2012 also reported a steeper drop over the course of the years. In the 1980s, the average drop was 15.7%, and in the 1990s, the drop was 21.5%. In 2012, the average drop was 49.1%. A lack of venues is usually not a factor as theaters have an obligation to show a film for at least two weeks.\n\nThe Los Angeles Times said the second-weekend drop was seasonal in the United States. Between May and July, the country's summer season, films have more significant drops than during the rest of the year. It reported that in May 2014, three opening blockbuster films—The Amazing Spider-Man 2, Godzilla, and X-Men: Days of Future Past—all had drops of over 60% where films earlier in the 21st century rarely had drops that steep. The newspaper cited possible reasons for the drops: that the films did not \"inspire long-term moviegoing\", and that alternative platforms such as Redbox, Netflix, and video on demand attracted film audiences who missed a film's opening weekend. The Hollywood Reporter said in 2017, \"Generally speaking, a superhero film can fall 60 percent,\" highlighting Wonder Womans second-weekend drop of 45% as \"scant\" compared to others in the genre. In 2019, Dark Phoenix set a new record for the biggest second-weekend box office drop for a superhero film with 72.6%. Specific weekends during the year are known for poor box office and may lead to large drops, such as the first weekend of December following Thanksgiving when consumers begin shopping, and Super Bowl weekend.\n\nThe box office website Box Office Mojo ranks the following films by biggest second weekend drops during their wide release in the United States, which means screening in at least . The website bases its ranking on box office performance data from 1982 onward.\n\nThe 2012 family film The Oogieloves in the Big Balloon Adventure, though not in wide release, set a record for biggest second-weekend drop. It opened in and grossed $443,901 over the opening weekend. In its second weekend, it screened in and grossed $43,854, which was a 90.1% drop.\n\nSecond-weekend increases and smallest drops\n\nAn increase in a film's box office gross in its second weekend, provided that the number of theaters did not grow substantially and the film did not open on a Sunday, is considered exceptional. For example, the 1997 film Titanic had an opening weekend gross of and with only a small increase in the number of theaters, its second-weekend gross (when fell immediately after Christmas) was , a 24% increase from the previous weekend.\n\nBox Office Mojo reports that out of over films that were assessed, only 208 (or around 4%) saw an increased gross in their second weekend. Nearly every film to increase its gross in its second weekend benefitted from a holiday boosting attendance, with the vast majority having a second weekend falling on Christmas or New Year's, often the most-attended single week of the year; Memorial Day and Thanksgiving also boost attendance.\n\nThe top ten are listed below:\n\nBox Office Mojo reports that (out of over 1,000 assessed) have opened in over and increased in gross in their second weekend.\n\nAmong films to open in over 3,000 theaters without a holiday to benefit their second weekend, 2011's Puss in Boots posted the best hold, falling only 3%, while the 6.4% drop for 2018's Crazy Rich Asians was the best for a live-action and adult-skewing film. The following films had the strongest second weekend holds without the benefit of a holiday:\n\nSee also\n\nList of highest-grossing second weekends for films\nList of highest-grossing openings for films\nList of highest-grossing openings for animated films\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nWill 'Fantastic Four' Take One Of The Biggest 2nd Weekend Drops Ever For A Comic Book Film? at Forbes, August 14, 2015\nBox-Office Analysis: 'Suicide Squad' and the Summer of Steep Second-Week Drops at The Hollywood Reporter, August 15, 2016\n\nFilm box office", "The statistics on international films' Box Office in Malaysia has started in 2008. Box Office Mojo is the only website that provides the box office numbers for international films released in Malaysia. However, this does not include the numbers for local films. For top local films gross, please view Cinema of Malaysia. Box Office - Yahoo! Malaysia and Cinema Online Malaysia are two current websites that show the ranking of films weekly inclusive of local films, but not providing any box office number. Golden Screen Cinemas (GSC) also provide only the ranking of both local and international films weekly, based on the popularity at its own cinema. The ranking can be accessed at the right bottom corner of GSC's website.\n\nHighest-grossing local films in Malaysia\nBelow is the list of top 10 highest-grossing local films ever in Malaysia.\n\nList of grossing local films\n\n, Munafik 2 is currently the highest-grossing local film of all time in Malaysia.\n\nHighest-grossing international films in Malaysia\nBelow is the list of top 50 highest-grossing international films ever in Malaysia.\n Note: All grosses are based on the final week of the film in local theatres and taken in estimation of local currency, as different rates between USD and Ringgit of Malaysia applied every week.\n\nList of grossing international films\n\n, Avengers: Endgame is currently the highest-grossing international film (and overall) of all time in Malaysia and holds several records - highest-grossing film in 2019 as well as the highest opening weekend of all time in Malaysia. It is also the fastest movie to reach the RM 40,000,000 mark, doing so within 5 days. On the opening day, the box office sales has already exceeded RM 10,000,000.\n \n As of 4 August\n\n^ Note 1: Transformers: Dark of the Moon grossed RM34,661,020 but due to the exchange rates, United International Pictures claimed that the film banked in a total of RM37,252,441.\n\n^^ Note 2: Including the total gross of re-release of special edition.\n\n Note 3: Films that are currently running in theatres nationwide.\n\nHighest opening weekend films in history\n\nBelow is the list of the 30 biggest opening weekend of all time in Malaysia. As of 4 August 2019, Avengers: Endgame has the biggest opening weekend of all time in Malaysia, grossing RM 41,835,999 in the opening weekend alone and surpassed RM 10,000,000 on the opening day itself\n\n As of 4 August 2019\n\n^ Note 1: Furious 7 grossed RM20,769,458 on its opening weekend from Thursday to Sunday. However, if include sneak previews from 9pm onward on Wednesday, it opened to a total of RM26,623,534.\n\n^^ Note 2: Avengers: Age of Ultron grossed RM17,876,018 on its opening weekend from Thursday to Sunday. If include sneak previews from Wednesday midnight onward, it opened to RM19,351,790.\n\n^^^ Note 3: Iron Man 3 was considered to have higher opening weekend as it was a 3-day opening weekend compared to Transformers: Dark of the Moon 4-day opening weekend. The list ranks the films according to the total gross of opening weekend regardless of total days of opening weekend.\n\nList of highest grossing Tamil films\nBelow are the rankings of the 30 highest-grossing Tamil-language films and movies of other languages that has been dubbed into Tamil. This list not include other Indian language films.\n\n As of 4 August 2019\n\nWith a total gross of US$4,076,820, 2.0 officially became the highest grossing Indian movie in Malaysia, passing the previous record held by Dilwale. 2.0 also holds the record for the biggest opening day (MYR 2,730,000) and the biggest opening weekend of any Indian movies in Malaysia.\n\nHighest-grossing animated films in Malaysia\nBelow is the list of top 25 highest-grossing animated films ever in Malaysia.\n\nList of grossing animated films\nFrozen II is currently the highest-grossing animated film of all time in Malaysia and holds several records. This film collected the biggest-grossing animation film on opening weekend, raking in RM 13,180,469. This is the highest-grossing animated film in history ever recorded for both local and international film.\nBackground colour indicates films that are currently in cinema\n\nYear to year international films box office in Malaysia\nFor list of highest-grossing local production films in history: Highest-grossing local production films.\n\nThe historical box office record in Malaysia was made by Furious 7 in April 2015, which held the 4-day opening record of RM26,623,534 and the highest-grossing film of RM60,659,547. In 2012, while The Avengers broke the best Friday opening day gross of all time, it was unable to break Transformers: Dark of the Moon 4-day weekend opening record gross, making RM10,050,983 from 26 to 29 April 2012. On 28 April 2014, Iron Man 3 broke a new 3-day opening record by grossing RM14,263,206. The film later surpassed Transformers: Dark of the Moon to be the highest-grossing film of all time, earning a gross of RM45,268,519 until Furious 7 took the crown after becoming the first film to gross over RM50 million. Transformers: Dark of the Moon was the first film to break US$10 million in Malaysia - $10,881,761. The film was retained in the cinema for 15 weeks.\n\nYear 2007\nTransformers grossed more than $5 million in cinemas. It was retained in cinemas for a total of 14 weeks.\n\n Note: Total gross are retrieved based on estimation from Box Office Mojo.\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2008\nThe top film in Malaysia for year 2008 was CJ7 Cheung Gong 7 Hou which grossed RM11,715,385. This was the only year when a non-Hollywood movie became the highest-grossing film in Malaysia.\n\nChinese Movies\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2009\nIn 2009, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen topped the box office, grossing RM28,154,004, which was a record in Malaysia box office. It was later surpassed by its own sequel, Transformers: Dark of the Moon in 2011.\n\nChinese Movies\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2010\nIn year 2010, the top film was Avatar, which made RM26,159,953 including RM1,123,320 of its 3D-reissued on 25 August 2010. Not counting the re-released version, the original film was one of the film that was retained the most longest in cinema, for a total of 29 weeks.\n\nChinese Movies\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2011\nThe highest-grossing film was Transformers: Dark of the Moon that made RM34,661,020, which was one of the biggest record in Malaysia's film industry. It was also the only film that made over $10 million (USD) in 2011 and in Malaysia's Box Office history. Followed by this were Kung Fu Panda 2 and Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol grossing RM18,048,666 and RM17,297,093 respectively. In 2012, The Avengers became the second film after Transformers: Dark of the Moon to earn more than $10 million (USD) in Malaysia's Box Office.\n\n Note: The final actual grossing of Transformers: Dark of the Moon was RM 37,252,441 (claimed by United International Pictures Malaysia), but the number was adjusted at week 14 release of the film due to difference in currency exchange, leading to official number of RM 34,661,020 stated in Box Office Mojo. Including local film KL Gangster which grossed about RM 12,978,352, it should be ranking #9 just above Thor.\n\nChinese Movies\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2012\n\nIn 2012, the top film was The Avengers which grossed RM33,983,208, followed by The Amazing Spider-Man, grossing RM21,993,313. On 8 July, The Amazing Spider-Man surpassed The Avengers (RM10,050,983) to score the best opening weekend this year with RM10,107,973. However, The Avengers still scored the biggest Friday's single opening day gross of the year. Both are still unable to top Transformers: Dark of the Moon with advance ticketing sales and more addition of midnight shows. The Avengers was retained in cinema for 15 weeks. On 22 July, The Dark Knight Rises opened to RM6,972,371, which is more than double the debut of The Dark Knight, RM3,249,930 back in 2008. The Dark Knight Rises was the second film retained the longest in cinema for 17 weeks while Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted was the animated film retained the longest in cinema for 24 weeks in 2012.\n\nChinese Movies\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2013\nBoth CZ12 and The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey continued their strength from last year holiday weekend to dominate the box office for several weeks consecutively. Heading into January, CZ12 broke record by becoming the second-highest-grossing Chinese film in Malaysia, earning RM20,278,439. It is also the Jackie Chan's highest-grossing film in local box office. Meanwhile, The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey had grossed RM15,100,342. It was basically higher than The Lord of the Rings Trilogy. The top film of the year in Malaysia was Iron Man 3, grossing RM45,268,519. It had officially become the first film ever to gross over RM40 million. This was followed by Fast & Furious 6 which grossed a total of RM31,462,780. On 26 April, Iron Man 3 broke the highest opening day record previously held by The Avengers. It also opened to RM14,263,206, which was the highest opening record for 3 days opening after advance ticketing showed a strong selling out. On 4 July, Despicable Me 2 broke the highest opening weekend record for an animated film which was previously held by Kung Fu Panda 2. The minion comedy opened to RM5,596,983 even after a strong RM1,098,734 limited sneak previews from its previous weekend, which was higher than Kung Fu Panda 2 's RM5,025,339 back in 2011. Meanwhile, directed by Malaysian director James Wan, The Conjuring is the highest-grossing horror film ever in Malaysia with RM11,800,000 until it was later surpassed by its own spin-off Annabelle in 2014.\n\nNote: By comparing opening gross, Transformers: Dark of the Moon still hold the best opening weekend with RM 14.8 million while Iron Man 3 trailed behind with RM 13.8 million. However, with inflation and IMAX boost, Iron Man 3 could be considered scoring the best opening weekend since it had already grossed RM 13.8 million in just 3 days. The opening record for Transformers: Dark of the Moon was a 4 days opening record. All of the records were later surpassed by Transformers: Age of Extinction, Furious 7 and Avengers: Age of Ultron. Meanwhile, in terms of US dollar, Hansel and Gretel: Witch Hunters grossed less than Oz: The Great and Powerful.\n\nChinese Movies\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2014\n\nTransformers: Age of Extinction is the highest-grossing film of the year with a stunning gross of RM44,081,548. The robots adventure broke all of its predecessors' opening records, earning RM21,421,683 on its first weekend of release. The total gross of box office on that weekend was RM22,800,872, marking the biggest opening weekend of the year in local box office and has once again proven how popular is Transformers franchise here. It is followed by The Amazing Spider-Man 2 with a tremendous gross of RM29,893,163. It scored the second-best opening weekend of the year, shattering the previous record held by Transformers: Dark of the Moon, grossing RM14,947,576, which was also a significant improvement over The Amazing Spider-Mans opening weekend of RM10,107,973. In third, Captain America: The Winter Soldier grossed a total of RM27,083,626, which was three times bigger than Captain America: The First Avenger back in 2011.\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2015\nThe three top films were Furious 7, Avengers: Age of Ultron and Jurassic World with each grossing above RM40 million for a combination total of RM160 million. Furious 7 surprised local box office by its outstanding performance, breaking all of the records held by Transformers and The Avengers franchise. It opened to RM20,769,458 on its opening weekend and RM26,623,534, if inclusive of sneak previews beginning at 9pm on Wednesday. It is the highest-grossing film of the year with a shocking RM60,659,547, marking the first film to fly pass RM50 million in local box office history. Avengers: Age of Ultron followed at #2, its opening weekend of RM17,816,018 was the second-highest opening weekend of the year and nearly doubled of The Avengerss opening weekend back in 2012. Coming in third is Jurassic World with a RM48,511,938.\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2016\n\n As of 26 January 2019.\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2017\n As of 21 January 2018.\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2018\n\n As of 26 January 2019.\n\nTamil Movies\n\nYear 2019\n\nAs of 22 December 2019\n\nTamil Movies\n\nSee also\n List of films released in Malaysia\n Cinema of Malaysia\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Box Office Mojo Website\n Box Office - Yahoo! Malaysia\n Cinema Online Malaysia\n Golden Screen Cinemas official website\n Tanjong Golden Village's official website\n Cathay Cineplexes official website\n MBO's official website\n Big Cinemas official website\n Malaysia national film development website\n\nLists of Malaysian films\nMalaysia" ]

[ "Dreamgirls (film)", "Premieres, road show engagements, and general releases", "Was the movie originally in limited release?", "debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006", "In what markets were those engagements?", "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco.", "When did the movie go into wide release?", "The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25.", "How was the opening weekend box office?", "Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide." ]

[ "The following is a list of notable machinima-related events in the year 2003.\n\nNotable releases\n April 1—Rooster Teeth Productions' Red vs. Blue began with the premiere of the .\n June 22—Fire Team Charlie Productions' Fire Team Charlie began with the premiere of the first episode.\n September 28— of Red vs. Blue ended with .\n\nActive series\n Fire Team Charlie (2003–2005)\n Red vs. Blue (2003–2007)\n Time Commanders (2003–2005)\n\nMachinima\nMachinima by year", "The following is a list of events affecting Canadian television in 2016. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings.\n\nEvents\n\nNotable events\n\nJanuary\n\nFebruary\n\nMarch\n\nApril\n\nMay\n\nJune\n\nAugust\n\nSeptember\n\nTelevision programs\n\nPrograms debuting in 2016\nSeries currently listed here have been announced by their respective networks as scheduled to premiere in 2016. Note that shows may be delayed or cancelled by the network between now and their scheduled air dates.\n\nPrograms ending in 2016\nSeries currently listed here have been announced by their respective networks as scheduled to premiere in 2016. Note that shows may be delayed or cancelled by the network between now and their scheduled air dates.\n\nNetworks and services\n\nClosures\n\nTelevision stations\n\nNetwork affiliation changes\n\nSee also\n 2016 in Canada\n List of Canadian films of 2016\n\nReferences" ]

[ "Dreamgirls (film)", "Premieres, road show engagements, and general releases", "Was the movie originally in limited release?", "debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006", "In what markets were those engagements?", "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco.", "When did the movie go into wide release?", "The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25.", "How was the opening weekend box office?", "Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide.", "Were there any notable premiere events?", "This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972." ]

[ "Care is the fourth studio album by American musician How to Dress Well, released on September 23, 2016 by the Domino Recording Company.\n\nRelease\nThe album was preceded by the singles \"Lost Youth/Lost You\", \"What's Up\", and \"Can't You Tell\".\n\nCritical reception\n\nCare received generally favorable reviews from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 75, based on 16 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\".\n\nTrack listing\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2016 albums\nHow to Dress Well albums\nDomino Recording Company albums", "\"What Is This Heart?\" is the third studio album by How to Dress Well released on June 23, 2014 on Weird World, an imprint of Domino. It is his highest-charting album peaking at number 145 on The Billboard 200.\n\nThe songs \"A Power\" and \"What You Wanted\" were co-written and co-produced by CFCF.\n\nTitle \nKrell described the album's title in a message on Twitter:\n\nCritical reception \n\n\"What Is This Heart?\" received mostly positive reviews from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 69, based on 32 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\".\n\nIan Cohen of Pitchfork gave a very positive review of the album, stating, \"\"What Is This Heart?\" makes you initially susceptible and vulnerable, and that's risky when modern discourse seeks metaphorical blood, allowing people to disclose more than ever without actually revealing anything. So make no mistake, the title of this album is a challenge as well, as How to Dress Well's modern masterpiece is conducted with the most eternal transparency—Krell asks \"what is this heart\" and lets you look right into his own.\"\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences \n\n2014 albums\nHow to Dress Well albums\nDomino Recording Company albums\nAlbums produced by Rodaidh McDonald\nLo-fi music albums\nExperimental pop albums" ]

[ "Dreamgirls (film)", "Premieres, road show engagements, and general releases", "Was the movie originally in limited release?", "debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006", "In what markets were those engagements?", "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco.", "When did the movie go into wide release?", "The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25.", "How was the opening weekend box office?", "Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide.", "Were there any notable premiere events?", "This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972.", "How were the reviews?", "Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide." ]

[ "Planetfest was a music festival staged yearly by what used to be WPLA Planet Radio 107.3 in Jacksonville, Florida at Metropolitan Park. It was started in 1999 and, with the exception of 2001, has continued every year since then. The show is known for its relatively low ticket prices for the large number of national and local bands. The event featured some of the biggest names in indie rock and attendance has grown each year.\n\nFor WPLA's 10th anniversary in 2005, the station held a \"Mutha Shuckin' Birthday\" in the Spring at the Expo Center of the Jacksonville Fairgrounds instead of Metropolitan Park.\n\nSetup\nPlanetfest is a music festival with two stages for the performing musicians. The Main Stage is where the featured performers play 45-60+ minute sets with 30 minute breaks between acts for stage preparation and breakdown.\n\nA smaller stage, called the JackRabbits Stage, is named after the local venue where a Battle of the Bands competition is held to select the local bands that will play at the festival. In 2008, that contest was scheduled to occur between September 21 and October 12. The top nine acts perform 30-45 minute sets at Planetfest.\n\nCurrent status\nIn 2010, there was no scheduled concert. The sponsoring radio station, Planet Radio 107.3, switched formats and discontinued sponsorship. There has been talk of starting another music festival with a different station but nothing definitive. However, Planet Radio would be terminated in August thus ending Planetfest forever. In 2011, Planetfest was replaced with \"Welcome to Rockville\" and has been held annually, hosting some of the biggest names in rock.\n\nPrevious festivals\n\nPlanetfest 10\nConcert date: November 14, 2009.\nAttendance: TBA\nTicket price: $15 deadbeat presale October 2 / $25 in advance / $35 at the gate\nMain Acts: Papa Roach, Chevelle, Jet, Framing Hanley, Skindred, Halestorm, Shawn Fisher & The Jukebox Gypsies (Jax band recently signed to Universal Republic), Adelitas Way, Name:Bran\nLocal Acts: The Embraced, Love Lies & Therapy, Down Theory, Sumthin Else, Supercollide, Broken Trust, Society Red, None Like Us, A Fall to Rise\nOriginally scheduled to appear: TBA\n\nPlanetfest 9\nConcert date: November 8, 2008.\nAttendance: 10,000 (sold out)\nTicket price: $15 deadbeat presale / $25 in advance / $35 at the gate\nMain Acts: Hinder, Shinedown, Puddle of Mudd, Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, Rehab, His Name Was Iron, Red\nLocal Acts: Ten West, Hollowpoint Militia, Harloe, Blistur, Penny 4 Your Thought, Shawn Fisher and the Jukebox Gypsies (Now Son Of A Badman), JoEveritt, The Embraced, Name: Bran\nOriginally scheduled to appear: N/A\n\nPlanetfest 8\nConcert date: November 17, 2007.\nAttendance: almost 12,000\nTicket price: $25 prior to the show / $35 at the gate\nMain Acts: Breaking Benjamin, Drowning Pool, Finger 11, Seether, Trapt, Amaru\nLocal Acts: Harloe, Penny for Your Thoughts, Amidine, Secret State, JoEveritt, Hollowpoint Militia, Pliny the Younger, Five Star Failure, Devereux\nOriginally scheduled to appear: Sum 41. Due to an injury, they canceled their remaining tour appearances, including Planetfest 8.\n\nPlanetfest 7\nConcert date: November 18, 2006\nAttendance: 10,000+\nTicket price: $20 in advance, $30 at the gate\nMain Acts: Buckcherry, Crossfade, The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, Hinder, 18 Visions, Hoobastank, Candlebox, Bound\nLocal Acts: Dummo, Decidedly, Feedback, Amidine, Fidelity Crisis, Harloe, Down Theory, Dang and Embraced.\nOriginally scheduled to appear: Blue October—Not there due to Injury\nNotes: Lex and Terry presented Red Jumpsuit with a \"Best of Jax\" award for best local band. The city put a limit of 10,000 tickets for the event, resulting in a sell-out crowd. It was the first sell-out since 2003 when Staind headlined the festival.\n\nPlanetfest 6 \nConcert date: November 20, 2005\nAttendance:\nTicket price: $20 in advance; $30 day of show.\nMain Acts: Allele, Cold, P.O.D., Shinedown, Silvertide\nLocal Acts: Nonpoint, The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus\n\nMutha Shuckin' Birthday \nConcert date: May 8, 2005\nAttendance:\nTicket price: $25 in advance/$35 day of show\nMain Acts: 3 Doors Down, Alter Bridge, Breaking Benjamin, The Exies, No Address, Skindred, Sum 41, Thirty Seconds to Mars, Unwritten Law\nNotes: Mutha Shuckin' Birthday celebrated the ten-year anniversary of WPLA in Jacksonville. While Planetfest takes place in the fall at Jacksonville's Metropolitan Park, Mutha Shuckin' Birthday took place in the spring at the Jacksonville Expo Center Fairgrounds.\n\nPlanetfest 5 \nConcert date: October 24, 2004\nAttendance: 8,000+\nTicket price: $18\nMain Acts: Authority Zero, Chevelle, Future Leaders of the World, Papa Roach, Saliva, Skindred\n\nPlanetfest 4 \nConcert date: October 19, 2003\nAttendance:\nTicket price: $15 Advanced $22 Day of Show\nMain Acts: Authority Zero, Sevendust, Shinedown, Staind, Ünloco\nLocal Acts: Allele, Burn Season, Yellowcard\n\nPlanetfest 3 \nConcert date: September 22, 2002\nAttendance:\nTicket price: $13 in advance, $20 day at the gate\nMain Acts: Audiovent, Earshot, Kidneythieves, Off By One, Sevendust, Shinedown, Unwritten Law, The Used\nLocal Acts: The Weekend\n\nPlanetfest 2 \nConcert date: October 21, 2000\nAttendance:\nTicket price:\nMain Acts: 8stops7, Battery, Dexter Freebish, Dust for Life, Fenix*TX, Fuel, Lifehouse, Nine Days, The Union Underground\n\nPlanetfest \nConcert date: October 24, 1999\nAttendance:\nTicket price:\nMain Acts: Days of the New, Eve 6, Jimmie's Chicken Shack, Joydrop, Lifehouse, Shades Apart, Splender, Stroke 9\nLocal Acts: Big Sky, Tether's End\nNotes: Lifehouse recorded video for their 2001 hit single \"Hanging By A Moment\", though the footage from the concert was never used for the music video\n\nReferences \n\nPictures from Planetfest 10\nhttp://photos.jacksonville.com/mycapture/category.asp?eventID=889497&CategoryID=10519\n\nExternal links \nPlanetFest8 website\nPlanet 107.3 Radio\n\nMusic festivals in Florida\nMusic of Jacksonville, Florida\n1999 establishments in Florida\nMusic festivals established in 1999\n2010 disestablishments in Florida\nRecurring events disestablished in 2010", "UAB Panevėžio autobusų parkas provides passenger transport services and bus services in the city, suburbs and long-distance routes. The company serves the public transport system in Panevėžys.\n\nHistory \nPanevėžio autobusų parkas was founded in 1958, as a motor carrier with 59 buses, 10 passenger and 4 freight cars.\nIn 1995 this company was registered as a closed joint-stock company.\n\nPublic transport in Panevėžys\n\nRoutes\n\nUAB Panevėžio autobusų parkas is serving 15 Panevėžys city routes with 44 buses running. Total urban route network consists of 136,8 kilometers. There are 223 passenger bus stops.\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! No.\n! Route\n! Notes\n|-\n|1\n|Aguonų str. - Kniaudiškių str. - Savitiškio str. \n|Workdays only\n|-\n|3\n|Aguonų str. - Projektuotojų str. - Savitiškio str. \n|\n|-\n|4\n|Molainiai - Vaivadai\n|\n|-\n|5\n|Parko str. - Venslaviškiai\n|Workdays only\n|-\n|6\n|Pajuostis - J. Janionio str.\n|on weekends/holidays Pajuostis - Įmonių str.\n|-\n|7\n|Velžys road - AB \"Gilėnai\"\n|on weekends/holidays Velžys road - AB \"Panevėžio stiklas\"\n|-\n|8\n|Taikos al. - Rožių str.\n|\n|-\n|10\n|S.Dariaus ir S.Girėno str. – Tinklų str.\n|\n|-\n|11\n|Velžys road – Car service and technical examination centre \n|Workdays only\n|-\n|13\n|Velžys road – \"Babilonas\"\n|\n|-\n|14\n|Savitiškio str. - Tinklų str.\n|Workdays only\n|-\n|15\n|S.Dariaus ir S.Girėno str. - Piniava\n|\n|-\n|16\n|Wholesale base - Molainių str.\n|}\n\n City bus schedules in English\n\nTicket Prices\nIn Panevėžys, as well as in Klaipėda or Kėdainiai, passengers are picked up only through the front door.\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n!\n! in Kiosk\n! in Bus\n|-\n|50% discount \n|0,75 Lt\n|0,90 Lt\n|-\n|Full price\n|1,50 Lt\n|1, 80 Lt\n|-\n|80% discount\n|0,30 Lt\n|0,36 Lt\n|-\n|Ticket for whole month\n|80,00 Lt\n|-\n|Ticket for month (work days only)\n|56,00 Lt\n|-\n|Ticket for month with 50% discount\n|40,00 Lt\n|-\n|Ticket for month with 80% discount\n|16,00 Lt\n|-\n|Ticket for half of month full price\n|28,00 Lt \n|-\n|Ticket for half of month with 50% discount\n|20,00 Lt \n|}\n\nExternal links\n \"Panevėžio autobusų parkas\" official website\n Panevėžis bus traffic schedule (in English)\n\nTransport in Panevėžys\nBus transport in Lithuania" ]

[ "Dreamgirls (film)", "Premieres, road show engagements, and general releases", "Was the movie originally in limited release?", "debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006", "In what markets were those engagements?", "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco.", "When did the movie go into wide release?", "The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25.", "How was the opening weekend box office?", "Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide.", "Were there any notable premiere events?", "This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972.", "How were the reviews?", "Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide.", "What was the ticket price for the road show screenings?", "Tickets for the reserved seats were $25 each; the premium price included a forty-eight page full-color program and a limited-print lithograph." ]

[ "Jiangmen Star Park () is a celebrity park opened in November 2010 in Jiangmen, Guangdong, China at an estimated cost of 10 million yuan.\n\nTheme\nThe theme of the park is based on notable celebrities with specific ancestral roots from the Greater Taishan Region of Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui & Jiangmen, Enping, Heshan. The list is quite long with about 120 celebrities. The following are some notable people from within a particular district of the same city.\n\nOthers include: Kenny Bee, Bobby Au-Yeung, Patrick Tam, Jamie Chik. So far Yi Jianlian is the only person not to be from the TV-film-music entertainment industry. He is a basketball player.\n\nOpening\nThroughout the year in 2010 many hand prints of celebrities were collected. In the afternoon of November 6, 2010 an official opening ceremony was held at the park with many in attendance including Andy Lau, Tony Leung, Eric Tsang, Maggie Cheung Ho-yee, Xia Yu, Kiki Sheung, Gillian Cheung and many others. A large night celebration concert was held at the Five Counties cultural center () and televised by TVB to Hong Kong in an event called \"Stars shine over Jiangmen\" (). Main performers include Gigi Leung, Jenny Tseng, Wong Ka Keung, Joey Yung, Andy Lau, Gillian Cheung and members from The Voice. Others in attendance include the Chief Executive of Macau Fernando Chui and a crowd of about 15,000 at the square.\n\nReferences\n\nJiangmen\nTourist attractions in Guangdong", "A speaking fee is a payment awarded to an individual for speaking at a public event. \n\nMotivational speakers, businesspersons, facilitators, and celebrities are able to garner significant earnings in speaking fees or honoraria. In 2013, $10,000 was considered a lower limit for speakers brokered by speakers bureaus, $40,000 a regular fee for well-known authors, and famous politicians were reported to charge about $100,000 and more.\n\nIn contrast, speakers in academic conferences and similar events rarely get significant speaking fees or any at all. Sometimes speakers will even pay for attending and presenting at a conference, although it is fairly common that they are rewarded with free attendance. Researchers and academics consider conference presentations an honour and necessary for their careers, rather than a service. Scientists who become popular authors or otherwise famous are an exception, and can earn similar sums as celebrities. \n\nPrudence must be taken with speaker fees for government officials or employees or to scientific searchers as it may be considered as a bribery.\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading \n \n\nPublic speaking" ]

[ "Dreamgirls (film)", "Premieres, road show engagements, and general releases", "Was the movie originally in limited release?", "debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006", "In what markets were those engagements?", "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco.", "When did the movie go into wide release?", "The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25.", "How was the opening weekend box office?", "Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide.", "Were there any notable premiere events?", "This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972.", "How were the reviews?", "Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide.", "What was the ticket price for the road show screenings?", "Tickets for the reserved seats were $25 each; the premium price included a forty-eight page full-color program and a limited-print lithograph.", "Were there any notable celebrities in attendance?", "I don't know." ]

[ "ESPN Hollywood is a television program that aired on ESPN2 in 2005. The daily 30-minute show was centered on the convergence between the sports and entertainment worlds, and was a part of the network's ESPN Original Entertainment (eoe) programming effort, which was intended to spread the network's viewership beyond the regular or hardcore sports fan.\n\nThe program premiered on August 15, 2005 to a dismal rating of 0.08% of United States households with cable televisions, about 75,000 people. The show, described by the New York Daily News as \"a sports version of Entertainment Tonight or Access Hollywood\", was hosted by Mario Lopez and Thea Andrews. A typical show would include news of athletes appearing in movies, on television, and in commercials, coverage of movie premieres, and interviews with athletes and entertainers.\n\nThe show's launch was controversial; promotional advertisements featured photos of baseball player Derek Jeter with a woman whose face was not shown. A spokesman for Jeter's employer, the New York Yankees, objected to the ad, saying \"In the ad they insinuate they are out with Jeter, with his permission, or they are following him. Give me a break. Neither is true.\" ESPN realized that the show would be risky; if sports figures were angered by their coverage on ESPN Hollywood they might refuse to participate in interviews on other ESPN programs. The final episode was broadcast on January 26, 2006. An ESPN executive vice president later remarked that the premise of the show was unworkable, saying \"I think fans want information about athletes in the context of sports coverage.\"\n\nESPN Hollywood continued as a segment on Cold Pizza, also on ESPN2, until early 2006. Both hosts have since moved on to general entertainment news programs in syndication, as Lopez is the current host of Extra, while Andrews now hosts Access Hollywood Live.\n\nReferences\n\nHollywood\n2005 American television series debuts\n2005 American television series endings\nEntertainment news shows in the United States", "The year 1960 in television involved some significant events.\nBelow is a list of television-related events during 1960.\n\n\n\nEvents\nFebruary 10 – Jack Paar temporarily quits his television program in the United States because his monologue had been edited the night before, in favor of a three-minute news update. Parr walks out to the audience at the beginning of the show, announces that he is quitting, says \"There's got to be a better way to make a living,\" and then walks off the stage. After network executives apologize personally, Parr resumed hosting the program a month later. His first show back starts with the words \"As I was saying before I was interrupted...\".\n\nFebruary–September – In a first for US Audiences, CBS broadcasts the 1960 Winter Olympics and Summer Olympics, on an exclusive basis, for $60,000. From Squaw Valley, American viewers are treated to 31 hours of coverage, which includes a mix of alpine skiing, figure skating, ice hockey, speed skating, and ski jumping. The Winter Olympic broadcast is hosted by Walter Cronkite while a young Jim McKay, who will go on to host ABC's Olympic coverage, does the Rome Games.\nMarch 1 – Philippines's third television station DZTV Channel 13 (now owned by the Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation) started broadcasts on March 1, 1960, at 6:30 pm under the Inter-Island Broadcasting Corporation through the tri-media conglomerate of RMN-IBC-Philippine Herald owned by Andrés Soriano, Sr., the then owner of San Miguel Corporation.\nMarch 2 – Lucille Ball files for divorce from Desi Arnaz, ending their 20-year marriage and the I Love Lucy franchise on CBS.\nJune 1 – Auckland TV2, as predecessor for TVNZ 1 (Television New Zealand), a first television station in New Zealand, officially regular broadcasting service to start in Auckland. \nJune 11 - CBS broadcasts the Monaco Grand Prix Formula 1 race (which took place on May 29th), possibly first broadcast of any F1 race in the United States.\nJune 20 – Nan Winton becomes the first national female newsreader on BBC television in the United Kingdom.\nJune 29 – The BBC Television Centre is opened in London.\nJuly 21 – ERTU Al Oula, a member for Egyptian Radio and Television Union, a first television broadcasting service was launched in Egypt. \nAugust 20 – NRK1, a first television station in Norway, an officially regular broadcasting service to start in Oslo. \nSeptember 24 – After thirteen seasons of entertaining American children, NBC children's show Howdy Doody ends with Clarabell the Clown saying the final two words of the show (\"Goodbye Kids\") after being assumed to only be mute. \nSeptember 25 – First Japanese colour television broadcast.\nSeptember 26 – American presidential candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon debate live by television. The candidates behavior and/or appearance during the debate may have altered the outcome of the election. In addition to being the first presidential debates to be televised, the debates also marked the first time \"split screen\" images were used by a network.\nOctober 1 – Argentine television station, El Trece, a first officially regular broadcasting service to start in Buenos Aires.\nOctober 12 – Inejiro Asanuma, chairman of the Japan Socialist Party, is assassinated by Otoya Yamaguchi using a wakizashi (samurai sword) during a political debate in Tokyo being taped by Japanese television broadcaster NHK.\nNovember 4 – The University of Chile inaugurates its TV station over Channel 9 in Santiago, Chile. Its first broadcast marks the very first live broadcast of a TV show in Chile.\nDecember 9 – The first episode of soap opera Coronation Street, made by Granada Television in Manchester, England, is aired on ITV. Intended as a 13-week pilot and disfavoured by critics, it has continued past its 10,000th episode in 2020 (its 60th anniversary year) as Britain's longest running soap.\nDecember 31 – Norma Zimmer officially becomes Lawrence Welk's \"Champagne Lady\" on The Lawrence Welk Show.\n\nUndated\nFrank and Doris Hursley start their soap opera writing career, taking the jobs of joint head writers for the series Search for Tomorrow.\nNearly 90% of homes in the United States now have a television set, and over one hundred million television sets are in use worldwide.\n\nPrograms/programmes\n\nDebuts\nJanuary 9 – Baseball competition Home Run Derby from Wrigley Field (Los Angeles) begins a six-month run in syndication.\nJanuary 25 – Series The Kate Smith Show begins a six-month run on CBS.\nFebruary 7 – Series Overland Trail begins a four-month run on NBC. \nJune 1 – TV One is initiated in Auckland. This is the first television transmission in New Zealand.\nJune 8 – Series Happy (1960–1961) and Tate (1960) both premiere on NBC.\nJune 13 – Series Deadline Midnight premieres on ITV (1960–1961).\nJune 28 – Series Mess Mates premieres on ITV in UK (1960–1962).\nSeptember 6 – Series Coronado 9 begins a six-month run on NBC (1960–1961).\nSeptember 11 – Series Danger Man premieres on ITV in UK; broadcast also by CBS in USA (1960–1961, 1964–1966).\nSeptember 17 – Series Checkmate premieres on CBS (1960–1962).\nSeptember 18 – Series The Tab Hunter Show premieres on NBC (1960–1961).\nSeptember 23 – Series Dan Raven premieres on NBC (1960–1961).\nSeptember 27 – Series The Tom Ewell Show premieres on CBS (1960–1961).\nSeptember 29 – Series My Three Sons premieres on ABC (1960–1972).\nSeptember 29 – Series Outlaws premieres on NBC (1960–1962).\nSeptember 30 – Hanna Barbera's series The Flintstones debut on ABC (1960–1966).\nOctober 1 – NBC commences airings of The Shari Lewis Show and Popeye the Sailor (Both 1960–1963)\nOctober 3 – Series The Andy Griffith Show premieres on CBS (1960–1968).\nOctober 4 – Series Stagecoach West premieres on ABC (1960–1961).\nOctober 7 – Series Route 66 premieres on CBS (1960–1964).\nOctober 10 – Klondike premieres on NBC (1960–1961).\nOctober 11 – The Bugs Bunny Show, Looney Tunes' first television series (1960–2000).\nOctober 12 – Series Peter Loves Mary premieres on NBC (1960–1961).\nDecember 9 – Soap opera Coronation Street premieres on Granada Television in UK (1960-present).\nComedy show Radio Rochela (previously the La Cruzada del Buen Humor segment of El Show de las Doce) debuts on RCTV in Venezuela (1960–2010).\n\nTelevision shows\n\n1940s\nMeet the Press (1947–present).\nHowdy Doody (1947–1960).\nCandid Camera (1948–present).\nThe Ed Sullivan Show (1948–1971).\nBozo the Clown (1949–present).\nCome Dancing (UK) (1949–1995).\nThe Voice of Firestone (1949–1963).\n\n1950s\nThe Jack Benny Show (1950–1965).\nMen into Space (1959–1960).\nTruth or Consequences (1950–1988).\nWhat's My Line (1950–1967).\nLove of Life (1951–1980).\nI Love Lucy (1951–1960)\nSearch for Tomorrow (1951–1986).\nHallmark Hall of Fame (1951–present).\nAmerican Bandstand (1952–1989).\nThe Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet (1952–1966).\nThe Guiding Light (1952–2009).\nThe Today Show (1952–present).\nThis Is Your Life (US) (1952–1961).\nPanorama (UK) (1953–present).\nThe Good Old Days (UK) (1953–1983).\nFace the Nation (1954–present).\nThe Brighter Day (1954–1962).\nThe Milton Berle Show (1954–1967).\nThe Secret Storm (1954–1974).\nThe Tonight Show (1954–present).\nZoo Quest (UK) (1954–1964).\nAlfred Hitchcock Presents (1955–1962).\nCaptain Kangaroo (1955–1984).\nCheyenne (1955–1962).\nDixon of Dock Green (UK) (1955–1976).\nGunsmoke (1955–1975).\nJubilee USA (1955–1960).The Lawrence Welk Show (1955–1982).This Is Your Life (UK) (1955–2003).Armchair Theatre (UK) (1956–1968).As the World Turns (1956–2010).Hancock's Half Hour (1956–1962).Opportunity Knocks (UK) (1956–1978).The Edge of Night (1956–1984).The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford (1956–1961).The Price Is Right (1956–1965).What the Papers Say (UK) (1956–2008).Leave It to Beaver (1957–1963).The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom (1957–1960).The Army Game (UK) (1957–1961).Perry Mason (1957–1966).The Sky at Night (UK) (1957–present).Blue Peter (UK) (1958–present).General Motors Presents (Can) (1953–1956, 1958–1961)Grandstand (UK) (1958–2007).Peter Gunn (1958–1961).The Donna Reed Show (1958–1966).The Huckleberry Hound Show (1958–1962).Walt Disney Presents (1958–1961).Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse (1958–1960)Bonanza (1959–1973).Hawaiian Eye (1959–1963).Juke Box Jury (1959–1967, 1979, 1989–1990).The Bell Telephone Hour (1959–1968).The Twilight Zone (1959-1964, 1985–1988, 2002).The Rebel'' (1959–1961).\n\nEnding this year\n\nBirths\n\nSee also\n 1960–61 United States network television schedule\n\nReferences" ]

[ "Shandi Finnessey", "Personal life" ]

[ "Whitney Ann Kroenke (born September 29, 1977) is an American heiress, film producer, and philanthropist.\n\nEarly life\nWhitney Ann Kroenke was born on September 29, 1977. Her father is Stan Kroenke and her mother is Ann Walton Kroenke. Through her mother, she is a member of the Walton family. She has a brother, Josh Kroenke. She graduated from Northwestern University, where she received a Bachelor of Science in Speech with a Major in Theatre.\n\nCareer\nShe worked as a choreographer, dancer, and actress for I Sing and the London production of Romeo & Juliet directed by Daniel Kramer. She has also produced several documentaries and the narrative feature The Power of Few.\n\nA philanthropist, she is the co-founder of the Playing for Change Movement, where she serves as executive director.\n\nIn 2014, she co-founded Nine Banded Whiskey in Austin, Texas. Nine Banded Whiskey is a creative blend of fine barrel aged whiskeys made in the classic American tradition.\n\nFilmography\n\nAs a producer\nThe Black Jacket\nThe Power of Few\nReGeneration\nPlaying for Change: Peace Through Music\n\nReferences\n\n1977 births\nLiving people\nWalton family\nPeople from Columbia, Missouri\nPeople from Los Angeles\nBusinesspeople from Los Angeles\nNorthwestern University School of Communication alumni\nFilm producers from California\nPhilanthropists from California", "Priya Sigdel () (born December 8, 1995) is a Nepali beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Miss Nepal Earth 2018. She is a young changemaker and social activist from many years.\n\nBiography\nPriya Sigdel was born in Kathmandu Nepal to intercaste family, she grew up in two cultures Half Rai and Half Brahmin \nShe is co-founder and president of Hatti Hatti Nepal. She is also national co-ordinator of Bangladesh Nepal Youth Convention. She is Global Changemakers 2017 from Switzerland and Global Young peace Ambassador 2016 Chandigarh, India.\n\nShe is a Development Studies graduate from National College, Baluwatar. She is country coordinator for UDAAN Foundation and Global Changemakers 2017 from Zurich Switzerland. She represented Nepal at Miss Earth 2018 where she placed in the Top 18.\nShe also participated in Miss Universe Nepal 2020 and placed in the top 10.\n\nReferences\n\nMiss Nepal winners\nNepalese female models\nNepalese beauty pageant winners\nMiss Earth 2018 contestants\n1995 births\nLiving people" ]

[ "Shandi Finnessey", "Personal life", "Where is she from?", "New York City," ]

[ "Big Rich Atlanta was an American reality television series on the Style Network. The series premiered on January 23, 2013. Big Rich Atlanta follows a group of wealthy Georgia women and their daughters who do whatever it takes to be at the top of the local social scene and in control of the action.\n\nCast\nVirginia: Meyer and Harvin's mother, Virginia, moved in with them after her divorced was finalized. Virginia manages her daughters' business.\nHarvin: Harvin is Virginia's eldest daughter and is 30 years old. She owns a clothing and jewelry line named She Blames Me.\nMeyer: Meyer is 28 years old. She is part owner of her joint business She Blames Me.\nSabrina: Sabrina is a newly single pastor. She had a successful dancing career but turned it into a career in international dance ministry.\nAnandi: Anandi is a 19‑year‑old sophomore in college. She admits that she's a nerd but she also has an interest in beauty and fashion which has led to her partaking in beauty pageants.\nMarcia: Marcia is Meagan's mother and is an interior designer. She's working with her daughter to launch a mobile fashion truck business.\nMeagan: Meagan is a licensed real estate agent. She and her mother are currently working on opening Atlanta's first mobile boutique.\nAshlee: Ashlee is a former Miss Georgia Teen. She was married at a young age but is now divorced. Ashlee lives in a penthouse apartment that was inherited from her grandfather.\nKatie: Katie is a fourth generation Atlantan. She is a mother of two and is married.\nDiana: Diana is one of Katie's children, and is 17 years old. She's involved in the world of competitive cheerleading.\nSharlinda: Sharlinda is co-owner of Tu La 2 Nail salon, which she runs with her twin sister, Brie. She is married to Q. Parker of the R&B group 112.\nKahdijiha: Kahdijiha is 26 years old and the daughter of Sharlinda.\nBrié: Brié is Sharlinda's twin sister and serves as a second mom to Kahdijiha.\n\nEpisodes\n\nReferences\n\n2010s American reality television series\n2013 American television series debuts\n2013 American television series endings\nEnglish-language television shows\nStyle Network original programming\nTelevision shows set in Atlanta", "The following is a list of characters from the Polish TV series M jak miłość.\n\nFor biographies of members of Mostowiak family, see: List of M jak miłość characters (Mostowiak family)\n\nBanach family \nBanach family is related to Mostowiak family through the 2020 wedding of Mateusz Mostowiak and Liliana Banach.\n\n Krzysztof Banach (January Brunov) is a patriarch of Banach family.\n\n Krystyna Banach (Dorota Chotecka-Pazura) is a wife of Krzysztof Banach.\n\n Liliana Mostowiak, born Banach (Monika Mielnicka) is a daughter of Jacek Kotowski and Krystyna Banach and legal daughter of Krzysztof Banach. She was a classmate of Mateusz Mostowiak and lived with her family in Lipnica. Her father used a domestic violence. In late 2019 she was raped by Daniel and fell pregnant. Mateusz Mostowiak decided to take care of her and raise her child as his own. In March 2020 Liliana miscarried. She married Mostowiak on April 21, 2020. In January 2021 she learnt that her biologcal father was Jacek Kotowski. Liliana had a romance with Australian Ethan Anderson, who is fifteen years senior and has a daughter. She left Mateusz and decided to divorce him and to marry her new partner.\n\n Mateusz Mostowiak is a husband of Liliana Mostowiak. They married on April 21, 2020.\n\n Kamil Banach is a second child and first son of Krzysztof Banach and his wife, Krystyna Banach. He lives in Lipnica.\n\nBudzyński family \nBudzyński family is related to Mostowiak family through the 2012 wedding of Andrzej Budzyński and Marta Mostowiak.\n\n Tadeusz Budzyński is a brother of Wanda Budzyńska. He was born in 1929 and died in 2012. She met Irena Malanowska, a woman whom he loved in his youth, and moved with her to Cracow.\n\n Wanda Budzyńska (Maria Rybarczyk) is a senior of Budzyński family. She was born in 1956. Wanda has one brother, Tadeusz Budzyński. She is a lawyer and a judge. She was dating Jerzy Kolęda (2014-2015).\n\n Andrzej Budzyński (Krystian Wieczorek) is an only child of Wanda Budzyńska and her unnamed husband. He was born on November 17, 1973. In 2003 he had a son, Piotr Bielak, with his married lover, Edyta Bielak. He hasn't known about him and met him later. Piotr was raised as a son of Edyta's husband. Andrzej married Marta Wojciechowska on January 16, 2012 and became a stepfather to her two children. They divorced in May 2017 after Marta moved to Colombia. He then started dating Magdalena Marszałek and they married on January 7, 2020. Andrzej is a stepfather to Magdalena's son, Maciej Chodakowski.\n\n Marta Budzyńska, born Mostowiak is a first wife of Andrzej Budzyński. They married on January 16, 2012 and divorced on May 15, 2017.\n\n Magdalena Budzyńska, born Marszałek is a second wife of Andrzej Budzyński. They married on January 7, 2020.\n\n Piotr Bielak is a first child of Andrzej Budzyński and his then lover, Edyta Bielak. His legal father is Janusz Bielak. He was born in 2003.\n\nChodakowski family \nChodakowski family is related to Mostowiak family through the 2009 wedding of Tomasz Chodakowski and Małgorzata Mostowiak.\n\n Grzegorz Chodakowski (Wojciech Majchrzak) is a first child of Mr. and Mrs. Chodakowski and older brother of Tomasz Chodakowski. He was born on May 6, 1967. \n\n Aleksandra Chodakowska (Małgorzata Pieczyńska) is a wife of Grzegorz Chodakowski. She was born on May 12, 1965. Aleksandra has one sister, a nun named Łucja (born July 9, 1967, died March 14, 2008).\n\n Aleksander Chodakowski (Maurycy Popiel) is a first child of Grzegorz Chodakowski and his wife, Aleksandra Chodakowska. He was born on June 6, 1987. He civilly married Aneta Kryńska on April 28, 2020 in a prison in Warsaw.\n\n Magdalena Chodakowska, born Marszałek is a first wife of Aleksander Chodakowski. They married on December 22, 2015 and divorced on September 19, 2017.\n\n Aneta Chodakowska, born Kryńska (Ilona Janyst) is a second wife of Aleksander Chodakowski. They married on April 28, 2020.\n\n Maciej Chodakowski, born Romanowski (Franciszek Przanowski) is a first child of Aleksander Chodakowski and his first wife, Magdalena Chodakowska. He was born in 2006. His biological father, Krzysztof Romanowski, died because of heart attack on January 18, 2016. On March 14, 2016 he was adopted by Aleksander and Magdalena\n\n Marcin Chodakowski (Mikołaj Roznerski) is a second child and second son of Grzegorz Chodakowski and his wife, Aleksandra Chodakowska. He was born on August 18, 1990. Marcin was raised in Germany by his father, because his mother left the family and moved abroad. He was a boxer. He came to Warsaw because he had a conflict with boxer club's chef. Marcin had romances with Weronika Zawada (who was married to Ryszard Zawada, 2013), Agnieszka Olszewska (2012), Eryka Bufford (2013-2014) and Jane Bufford (2013). In 2014 he met Katarzyna Mularczyk. They started dating and she fell pregnant. Marcin got engaged to Katarzyna on December 29, 2014. On March 9, 2015 their son Szymon Chodakowski was born in Warsaw, but Katarzyna died as a result of severe blooding. Marcin, who raised his son alone, met Izabela Lewińska. She worked as a curator and controlled Marcin's family. They fell in love and has a daughter, Maja Chodakowska, on November 14, 2017. In the meantime, Izabela married her former boyfriend, Artur Skalski and didn't say Marcin that she was expecting their child. Artur was killed in October 2019 by Aleksander Chodakowski. Marcin and Izabela engaged on January 28, 2020 and married in a church ceremony on March 24, 2020. Chodakowski owns a company.\n\n Izabela Chodakowska, born Lewińska (Adriana Kalska) is a wife of Marcin Chodakowski. They married on March 24, 2020.\n\n Szymon Chodakowski is a first child of Marcin Chodakowski and his fiancee, Katarzyna Mularczyk. He was born on March 9, 2015. His mother died hours after his birth and he was raised by his father.\n\n Maja Chodakowska is a first child of Marcin Chodakowski and his then girlfriend, Izabela Lewińska. She was born on November 14, 2017.\n\n Tomasz Chodakowski (Andrzej Młynarczyk) was a second child of Mr. and Mrs. Chodakowski and younger brother of Grzegorz Chodakowski. He was born on July 7, 1978. He lived in Szczecin and worked as a policeman. He decided to change his work and become a driver after the death of his close friend. He took care of his daughter, Zofia Warakomska. Tomasz met Małgorzata Mostowiak and saved her life when a man tried to rape her. They married on November 10, 2009 and their son was born on November 23, 2009. In the past, Tomasz was engaged to Agnieszka Olszewska, who escaped from the church minutes before their wedding. Agnieszka came to Warsaw from Szczecin and they renewed their relationship. Tomasz's relationship with Agnieszka and Małgorzata's work abroad was bad for their marriage. In 2014 Małgorzata left her family and moved to United States where she got engaged to her first husband, Michał Łagoda, and fell pregnant. Tomasz divorced her on May 12, 2014. Chodakowski had another one night stand with Olszewska. It resulted in a birth of their daughter, Helena Chodakowska, on February 23, 2016. Tomasz started dating Joanna Tarnowska, a nanny of Wojciech. Tomasz and Joanna married on March 28, 2017. Chodakowski was attacked with a knife and died in a Warsaw hospital on September 11, 2017.\n\n Małgorzata Chodakowska, born Mostowiak is a first wife of Tomasz Chodakowski. They married on November 10, 2009 and divorced on May 12, 2014.\n\n Joanna Chodakowska, born Tarnowska is a second wife of Tomasz Chodakowski. They married on March 28, 2017 and she widowed on September 11, 2017.\n\n Zofia Warakomska is a stepchild of Tomasz Chodakowski and his first wife, Małgorzata Chodakowska. She was born on June 15, 1999 in Szczecin.\n\n Wojciech Chodakowski is a first child of Tomasz Chodakowski and his first wife, Małgorzata Chodakowska. He was born on November 23, 2009 in Warsaw.\n\n Helena Chodakowska is a first child of Tomasz Chodakowski and his former fiancee, Agnieszka Olszewska. She was born on February 23, 2016. She spent her first years in Warsaw. In September 2017 her father died. In April 2020 she moved to home town of her mother, Szczecin.\n\nDomański family \n Stefan Domański (Zbigniew Waleryś) is a patriarch of Domański family. He was born in 1955. He has a daughter, Alicja Domańska. For many years Stefan had been a tramp. He met his granddaughter Barbara Domańska and they become friends.\n\n Jerzy Domański (Michał Czernecki) is a son of Stefan Domański and biological father of Barbara Zduńska. He was married to Alicja but they later divorced and he didn't have a contact with his child. Barbara is now raised as a child of Paweł Zduński. He was born in 1979.\n\n Alicja Zduńska, primo voto Domańska, secundo voto Zduńska was a wife of Jerzy Domański. She was born on October 18, 1985. Alicja has one sister, Olga. Alicja was married to Jerzy Domański with whom she has a daughter, Barbara. Secondly she married Paweł Zduński and they raised Barbara as her parents. Alicja left her family and moved to London with her new boyfriend. She soon fell pregnant and divorced Zduński. She gave birth to another son.\n\n Barbara Zduńska, born Domańska (Gabriela Raczyńska) is a daughter of Jerzy Domański and his then wife, Alicja Zduńska and also stepdaughter of Paweł Zduński. She was born on July 15, 2006.\n\nFilarski family \nFilarski family is related to Mostowiak family through the 2002 wedding of Piotr Zduński and Kinga Filarska.\n\n Zbigniew Filarski is a senior of Filarski family. He is divorced from Krystyna Filarska since May 16, 2006.\n\n Krystyna Filarska-Marszałek is a first wife of Zbigniew Filarski. They divorced on May 16, 2006.\n\n Kinga Filarska-Zduńska, born Filarska (Katarzyna Cichopek-Hakiel) is a first child of Zbigniew Filarski and his wife, Krystyna Filarska. She was born on May 22, 1984. Status: present, living in Warsaw since 2002. Occupation: psychologist. Marital status: married to Piotr Zduński since 2002.\n\nLisiecki family \nLisiecki family is related to Mostowiak family through the 2019 wedding of Bartosz Lisiecki and Urszula Mostowiak.\n\n Andrzej Lisiecki (Tomasz Oświeciński) is an older brother of Bartosz Lisiecki. In the past he was married to Elżbieta but his marriage lasted only a few months. On January 31, 2017 he married his friend, Marzena Laskowska and they're expecting their first child. Status: present, living in Grabina. Marital status: married to Marzena Lisiecka since 2017.\n\n Elżbieta Lisiecka (Anna Sarna) is a divorced first wife of Andrzej Lisiecki. She came to Grabina to stop Andrzej's wedding with Marzena Laskowska, saying that they're not divorced. Status: non-present since 2017. Marital status: divorced from Andrzej Lisiecki.\n\n Marzena Lisiecka, born Laskowska (Olga Szomańska) is a second wife of Andrzej Lisiecki. She worked at Siedlisko with Urszula Lisiecka. Marzena gave birth to her daughter Kalina on March 17, 2020.\n\n Kalina Lisiecka is a first child of Andrzej Lisiecki and his wife, Marzena Lisiecka. She was born on March 17, 2020 in Warsaw.\n\n Bartosz Lisiecki (Arkadiusz Smoleński) is a younger brother of Andrzej Lisiecki. Before he came to Grabina, he was in jail. Bartosz was previously married to Jolanta Lisiecka but they divorced after she betrayed him and gave birth to a daughter whose father was her lover. Lisiecki met Urszula Mostowiak and she split with her fiance to be with Bartosz. They married on June 4, 2019. Status: present, living in Grabina. Occupation: car mechanic. Marital status: married to Urszula Lisiecka since 2019.\n\n Jolanta Lisiecka is a first wife of Bartosz Lisiecki. They are divorced.\n\n Urszula Lisiecka, born Jakubczyk is a second wife of Bartosz Lisiecki. They married on June 4, 2019.\n\nŁagoda family \nŁagoda family is related to Mostowiak family through the 1960 adoption of Maria Mostowiak by Lucjan Mostowiak and through the 2002 wedding of Michał Łagoda and Małgorzata Mostowiak.\n\n Feliks Łagoda (never seen on screen) was a senior of Łagoda family. He was born in 1896 and died on June 28, 1960.\n\n Zofia Łagoda (never seen on screen) was a wife of Feliks Łagoda.\n\n Zenon Łagoda (Emil Karewicz) was a first child of Feliks Łagoda and his wife, Zofia Łagoda. He was born on June 14, 1936. He died on November 17, 2001.\n\n Maria Rogowska, born Mostowiak, primo voto Zduńska, secundo voto Rogowska is a first child of Zenon Łagoda and his then fiancee, Barbara Wrzodak. She is a legal daughter of Lucjan Mostowiak. She was born on December 24, 1960. Status: present, living in Grabina since 2018. Occupation: nurse. Marital status: married to Artur Rogowski since 2018.\n\n Piotr Zduński is a first child of Krzysztof Zduński and his wife, Maria Zduńska. He was born on February 18, 1984. Status: present, living in Warsaw since 2002. Occupation: lawyer. Marital status: married to Kinga Filarska-Zduńska since 2002.\n\n Magdalena Zduńska (Maja Wudkiewicz) is a first child of Piotr Zduński and his wife, Kinga Filarska-Zduńska. She was born on March 9, 2009. \n\n Mikołaj Zduński is a second child and first son of Piotr Zduński and his wife, Kinga Filarska-Zduńska. He was born on May 6, 2014.\n\n Emilia Zduńska is a third child and second daughter of Piotr Zduński and his wife, Kinga Filarska-Zduńska. She was born on February 25, 2019.\n\n Zuzanna Zduńska is a fourth child and third daughter of Piotr Zduński and his wife, Kinga Filarska-Zduńska. She was born on February 25, 2019.\n\n Paweł Zduński is a second child and second son of Krzysztof Zduński and his wife, Maria Zduńska. He was born on February 18, 1984. Status: present, living in Warsaw since 2002. Occupation: businessman. Marital status: divorced from Katia Zduńska since 2018. \n\n Barbara Zduńska is a first child of Paweł Zduński and his second wife, Alicja Zduńska. She was born on July 15, 2006. \n\n Maria Zduńska was a third child and first daughter of Krzysztof Zduński and his wife, Maria Zduńska. She was born on June 2, 2001 and died on June 2, 2001.\n\n Michał Łagoda (Paweł Okraska) was a first child of Zenon Łagoda and his unnamed wife. He was born on August 18, 1974 and died on April 3, 2014.\n\n Marian Łagoda was a second child and second son of Feliks Łagoda and his wife, Zofia Łagoda. He died in 2003.\n\n Unnamed Starski, born Łagoda was a brother of Feliks Łagoda. He moved to United States and changed his surname to Starski.\n\n Unnamed Starski II is a son of Unnamed Starski and his wife and nephew of Feliks Łagoda.\n\n Kamil Starski (Radosław Krzyżowski) was a son of Unnamed Starski II and his wife. He died in 2019.\n\n Maciej Kalicki (Aleksander Kaleta) is a son of Kamil Starski and his former partner, Miss Kalicka. Status: present, living in Gródek since 2019. Occupation: doctor.\n\nMarszałek family \n Wojciech Marszałek (Emilian Kamiński) is a senior of Marszałek family. \n\n Halina Marszałek (Marta Klubowicz) was a first wife of Wojciech Marszałek. She was born on April 9, 1960. Halina died on November 21, 2009 after a long illness.\n\n Krystyna Filarska-Marszałek (Hanna Mikuć) is a second wife of Wojciech Marszałek. She was born in 1956. She lived in Gródek with her wealthy husband Zbigniew Filarski and daughter Kinga. She didn't accept that her daughter was dating Piotr Zduński whose family was poor. Krystyna and Zbigniew divorced on May 16, 2006. Krystyna met Wojciech Marszałek and married him on May 3, 2011, making best friends Kinga Zduńska and Magdalena Marszałek stepsisters.\n\n Magdalena Budzyńska, born Marszałek, primo voto Maksymowicz, secundo voto Chodakowska, tertio voto Budzyńska (Anna Mucha) is an only child of Wojciech Marszałek and his first wife, Halina Marszałek. She was born on September 14, 1982. She studied psychology at Warsaw University where she met Kinga Zduńska, Piotr Zduński and Kamil Gryc. She married her first husband, Sasza Maksymowicz, to let him applicate for a Polish citizenship.\n\n Sasza Maksymowicz (Iwan Komarenko) is a first husband of Magdalena Marszałek. They married in a civil ceremony and divorced.\n\n Aleksander Chodakowski is a second husband of Magdalena Marszałek. They married in 2015 and divorced in 2017.\n\n Andrzej Budzyński is a third husband of Magdalena Marszałek. They married on January 7, 2020.\n\n Zuzanna Marszałek (Jolanta Fraszyńska) is a cousin of Wojciech Marszałek. She worked as a nanny of Magdalena Zduńska and Mikołaj Zduński. She was dating Zbigniew Filarski and Wiktor Żak (whom she met in a secondary school and then again in Warsaw in 2016).\n\n Michał Marszałek is a brother of Zuzanna Marszałek.\n\nMostowiak family \nMostowiak family is a main family of the series.\n\nLudwik Mostowiak (died)\n\nTeodor Mostowiak (died)\nMaria Mostowiak (married)\n\nHanna Smine (Mostowiak, born 1922, died 1978)\nhusband Smine\n\ndaughter Bufford (Smine)\nhusband Bufford (married)\n\nJane Bufford (born 1990)\n\nLucjan Mostowiak (born 1931, died 2017)\nBarbara Mostowiak (Wrzodak, married 1960)\n\n Maria Rogowska (Mostowiak, born 1960)\n Krzysztof Zduński (married 1984, widowed 2006)\n Artur Rogowski (married 2008, divorced 2015; married 2018)\n\n Piotr Zduński (born 1984)\n Kinga Filarska-Zduńska (Filarska, married 2002)\n\n Magdalena Zduńska (born 2009)\n\n Mikołaj Zduński (born 2014)\n\n Emilia Zduńska (born 2019)\n\n Zuzanna Zduńska (born 2019)\n\n Paweł Zduński (born 1984)\n Joanna Zduńska (Liberadzka, married 2011, divorced 2012)\n Alicja Zduńska (Domańska, married 2014, divorced 2017)\n Katia Zduńska (Tatiszwili, married 2018, divorced 2018)\n\n Barbara Zduńska (born 2006, adopted 2018)\n\n Maria Zduńska (born 2001, died 2001)\n\n Barbara Rogowska (born 2009)\n\n Marta Budzyńska (Mostowiak, born 1972)\n Jacek Milecki (married 2003, divorced 2004)\n Norbert Wojciechowski (married 2005, widowed 2007)\n Andrzej Budzyński (married 2012, divorced 2017)\n\n Łukasz Wojciechowski (Mostowiak, born 1993)\n\n Natalia Wojciechowska (born 2020)\n\n Anna Wojciechowska (born 2006)\n\n Marek Mostowiak (born 1978)\n Hanna Mostowiak (married 2001, widowed 2011)\n Ewa Kolęda (married 2015)\n\n Natalia Zarzycka (Mostowiak, born 1996, adopted 2005)\n Franciszek Zarzycki (married 2017)\n\n Hanna Zarzycka (Mostowiak, born 2015)\n\n Urszula Lisiecka (Mostowiak, born 1996, adopted 2008)\n Bartosz Lisiecki (married 2019)\n\n Mateusz Mostowiak (born 2002)\n Liliana Mostowiak (Banach, married 2020)\n\n Małgorzata Chodakowska (Mostowiak, born 1980)\n Michał Łagoda (married 2002, divorced 2004, engaged 2014, died 2014)\n Stefan Miller (married 2004, divorced 2005)\n Tomasz Chodakowski (married 2009, divorced 2014, died 2017)\n\n Zofia Warakomska (born 1999, adopted)\n\n Wojciech Chodakowski (born 2009)\n\nOlszewski family \n Agnieszka Olszewska (Magdalena Walach) is a public prosecutor and former fiancee of Tomasz Chodakowski. She was born in 1978 in Szczecin. She met Chodakowski at a secondary school in Szczecin. They were even engaged but she decided to split with him. Agnieszka came to Warsaw as a widowed woman and met Chodakowski again. She was in love triangle with his wife, Małgorzata Chodakowska. In 2011 she fell pregnant after a one night stand with Andrzej Budzyński, but later miscarried. On February 23, 2016 her daughter Helena Chodakowska was born. In September 2017 Tomasz Chodakowski died. In April 2020 Agnieszka and her daughter moved to Szczecin.\n\n Helena Chodakowska is a first child of Agnieszka Olszewska and her former partner, Tomasz Chodakowski. She was born on February 23, 2016.\n\nRogowski family \n Artur Rogowski (Robert Moskwa) is a senior of Rogowski family. He was born in 1969. He is a doctor. Rogowski has been in love with Maria Zduńska for many years and started dating her after the death of her first husband. They married in 2008 during their long stay in Oslo, Norway. On November 3, 2009 their daughter Barbara was born. Rogowski had a romance with Teresa Drawicz and it let to his divorce from Maria in 2015. They later reconciled and married for a second time on November 26, 2018. Since then they live in Grabina.\n\n Maria Rogowska, born Mostowiak is a wife of Artur Rogowski. They married in 2008 and divorced in 2015. They married for a second time on November 26, 2018.\n\n Barbara Rogowska is a first child of Artur Rogowski and his wife, Maria Rogowska. She was born on November 3, 2009.\n\n Agata Rogowska (Katarzyna Kwiatowska) is a sister of Artur Rogowski. She is a doctor. She was married and lived in Norway for many years. Then she divorced her husband and came back to Poland. She started her work in Lipnica with her brother and sister-in-law. She is dating Artur Werner as of 2020.\n\nTarnowski family \nAdam Tarnowski (born 1958)\nDorota Tarnowska (widowed 2015)\n\n Joanna Chodakowska (Tarnowska born 1987)\n Tomasz Chodakowski (married 2017, widowed 2017)\n Leszek Krajewski (engaged 2021)\n\nAdam Tarnowski (Juliusz Krzysztof Warunek) is a senior of Tarnowski family. He was born in 1958.\n\nDorota Tarnowska (Katarzyna Żak) was a wife of Adam Tarnowski. In a past she was diagnosed with a cancer and recovered after her daughter stole money from the casino she worked. Later, she was diagnosed with a pancreatic cancer and died on June 1, 2015.\n\nJoanna Chodakowska, born Tarnowska (Barbara Kurdej-Szatan) is a first child of Adam Tarnowski and his wife, Dorota Tarnowska. She was born on March 15, 1987. She worked in United States as a nanny of Wojciech Chodakowski. After his mother, Małgorzata Chodakowska, and her fiance, Michał Łagoda, had a car accident, she took care of Wojciech and later took him to Poland. Joanna fell in love with Tomasz Chodakowski and they married on March 28, 2017. Tomasz unfortunately died on September 11, 2017. Joanna lives in Warsaw and raises Wojciech Chodakowski. On December 6, 2021 she got engaged to Leszek Krajewski.\n\nTomasz Chodakowski was a first husband of Joanna Tarnowska. They married on March 28, 2017 and he died on September 11, 2017.\n\nTatiszwili family \nTatiszwili family is of Georgian origin.\n\n Otar Tatiszwili (David Gamtsemlidze) is a senior of Tatiszwili family. He is Georgian. Otar lives in Warsaw and owns a restaurant.\n\n Katia Zduńska, born Tatiszwili (Joanna Jarmołowicz) is a daughter of Otar Tatiszwili and his wife. On May 21, 2018 she married Paweł Zduński in order to have a Polish citizenship. They eventually fell in love with each other but divorced on November 20, 2018. Katia had a romance with Łukasz Wojciechowski and fell pregnant. Her father didn't accept that she was expecting a child out of wedlock. On March 9, 2020 she gave birth to her daughter, Natalia.\n\n Paweł Zduński is a first husband of Katia Tatiszwili. They married on May 21, 2018 and divorced on November 20, 2018.\n\n Natalia Wojciechowska is a first child of Katia Zduńska and her former boyfriend, Łukasz Wojciechowski. She was born on March 9, 2020.\n\nWalisiak family \n Władysław Walisiak was a senior of Walisiak family. He was born in 1947. In his youth Władysław was dating Wanda Kalicka but married her younger sister, Maria Kalicka. They had one child, Hanna, born in 1975. In 1980 Walisiak family came home from a party in a car driven by Waldemar Jaroszy. Jaroszy had no driving license and caused an accident with Lucjan and Barbara Mostowiak. Władysław and Maria died as a result and Hanna had to live in an orphanage. In 1978 Władysław had a child out of wedlock, Anna Gruszyńska.\n\n Maria Walisiak, born Kalicka was a wife of Władysław Walisiak. She was born in 1949 and died in a car accident in 1980. She had one daughter, Hanna, and has never learnt that her husband had also a daughter out of wedlock.\n\n Hanna Mostowiak, born Walisiak (Małgorzata Kożuchowska) was a daughter of Władysław Walisiak and his wife, Maria Walisiak. Hanna took part in a car accident in 1980 where her parents were killed. She later lived in an orphanage in Józefowo and was temporary adopted by Irena Gałązka and her husband. In 2001 she married Marek Mostowiak and they had son, Mateusz Mostowiak, in 2002. They later adopted two girls from Józefowo, Natalia and Urszula. Hanna died of brain aneurysm in 2011. Her granddaughter, Hanna Zarzycka, is named after her.\n\n Marek Mostowiak was a husband of Hanna Mostowiak. They married in 2001 and he widowed in 2011.\n\n Anna Gruszyńska (Tamara Arciuch) is a daughter of Władysław Walisiak. For some time she lived in Grabina before moving to France. She was previously married and divorced. She was later engaged to Adam Werner.\n\n Wanda Kalicka (Grażyna Marzec) was an older sister of Maria Walisiak and maternal aunt of Hanna Mostowiak. She was born in 1945. Wanda dated Władysław Kalisiak but he chose to marry her sister. In 1980 her sister and brother-in-law died in a car accident and Wanda refused to take care of their daughter resulting in Hanna living in an orphanage. She moved to Germany and was thought to be dead. In 2004 Hanna learnt that her aunt was still living and sick. Mostowiak went to Germany and took her aunt to Grabina. It was later revealed that Kalicka had much money but posed that she was poor. She came back to Germany to take care of one of her former wards, Erika.\n\nWojciechowski family \nWojciechowski family is related to Mostowiak family through the 1993 birth of Łukasz Mostowiak and through the 2006 wedding of Norbert Wojciechowski and Marta Mostowiak.\n\n Kazimierz Wojciechowski (never seen on screen) was a senior of Wojciechowski family.\n\n Henryk Wojciechowski (Tadeusz Chudecki) was a first child of Kazimierz Wojciechowski and his first wife. He was born in 1961. He lived with his widowed sister-in-law, Marta Wojciechowska and her two children. Henryk was dating Matylda Górska. He married his girlfriend Nina.\n\n Nina Wojciechowska is a wife of Henryk Wojciechowski. \n\n Norbert Wojciechowski (Mariusz Sabiniewicz) was a second child of Kazimierz Wojciechowski. He was born in 1967. In the early 1990s he was dating Marta Mostowiak. In 1993 their son Łukasz was born. He was fighting for his life. Norbert refuse to give his blood to Łukasz and left his family. As a result, Marta raised Łukasz as a single mother and told him that his father was dead. Wojciechowski worked abroad and he came back in 2001 as a famous politician. When a press reported that he had a child born out of wedlock, Łukasz learnt that he was Wojciechowski's son and they met. Norbert saved Łukasz's live after they had a car crash in United States. Norbert married Marta Mostowiak on October 11, 2005. They daughter Anna Wojciechowska was born on February 14, 2006. In the meantime, Wojciechowski was dating his student, Klara Sobieszczańska and Magdalena Rudnik. Norbert died in a plane crash on December 3, 2007.\n\n Marta Wojciechowska, born Mostowiak was a wife of Norbert Wojciechowski. They married on October 11, 2005 and she widowed on December 3, 2007.\n\n Łukasz Wojciechowski, born Mostowiak is a first child of Norbert Wojciechowski and his then girlfriend, Marta Mostowiak. He was born on October 9, 1993.\n\n Natalia Wojciechowska is a first child of Łukasz Wojciechowski and his former girlfriend, Katia Tatiszwili. She was born on March 9, 2020.\n\n Anna Wojciechowska is a second child and only daughter of Norbert Wojciechowski and his wife, Marta Wojciechowska. She was born on February 14, 2006.\n\nZduński family \nZduński family is related to Mostowiak family through 1984 marriage of Krzysztof Zduński and Maria Mostowiak.\n\n Jadwiga Zduńska-Jabłońska, primo voto Zduńska, secundo voto Jabłońska (Barbara Horowianka) is a senior of Zduński family. Her first husband, Mr. Zduński, was a dentist. Jadwiga had two children with him: Krzysztof (born in 1958) and Renata. Her daughter Renata died as an infant because of SIDS. Zduńska wanted Krzysztof to become a doctor like his father. She was angry when he stopped his studies to marry his pregnant daughter Maria Mostowiak and they ended their contact. Jadwiga didn't like her daughter-in-law. On March 17, 2001 Jadwiga was diagnosed with stroke and hospitalized. She renewed contact with her son and met her grandchildren. Zduńska later moved to Krzysztof's and Maria's flat where Maria took care of her. She met Karol Jabłoński and married him in March 2004. Status: non-present since 2004. Marital status: married to Karol Jabłoński since March 2004.\n\n Krzysztof Zduński (Cezary Morawski) is a first child of Jadwiga Zduńska and her first husband, Mr. Zduński. He was born on February 13, 1953. His father was a dentist and Krzysztof studied medicine to become a doctor. When his girlfriend, Maria Mostowiak, fell pregnant, he quit his studies and married her. They had twin sons in February 1984, Piotr and Paweł. Their third child, daughter Maria, died a few hours after her birth in June 2001. She suffered from a heart disease. Krzysztof worked as a businessman but had no successes. In 2002 he had a romance with his secretary, Ewa Nowicka. She later gave birth to her daughter Aleksandra and Krzysztof was suspected of being Aleksandra's father. Zduński reconciled with Maria and bought a plot in Grabina to build them new home. On March 6, 2006 he suffered from a heart attack and died in Grabina, building their house. He was a godfather to Łukasz Wojciechowski and Aleksandra Skalska. Status: deceased since 2006. Occupation: businessman. Marital status: married to Maria Zduńska from 1984 to 2006. \n\n Maria Zduńska, born Mostowiak is a first wife of Krzysztof Zduński. They married in 1984 and she widowed on March 6, 2006.\n\n Renata Zduńska (never seen on screen) was a second child of Jadwiga Zduńska and her first husband, Mr. Zduński. She died as an infant. Status: deceased.\n\nOther characters\n\nG \n Irena Gałązka (Joanna Kasperska) is a former adoptive mother of Hanna Walisiak. She and her husband adopted Hanna, whose parents died in a car accident but they took her back to the orphanage in Józefowo when Irena fell pregnant. Irena's child later died and she had a mental disorder ever since. She met her former daughter again in 2001 when Hanna was married to Marek Mostowiak and expecting their child. Irena kidnapped Hanna's son, Mateusz Mostowiak and wanted to kill him and herself. Mateusz was saved by his parents and Irena was arrested.\n\nO \n Agnieszka Olszewska (Magdalena Walach) is a former fiance of Tomasz Chodakowski. She was born in 1978 in Szczecin.\n\nW \n Anna Waszkiewicz (Weronika Rosati) is a classmate of Piotr Zduński, Paweł Zduński and Kinga Filarska. In the past, she had a romance with Andrzej Budzyński. She is a godmother to Emilia Zduńska and Zuzanna Zduńska. Occupation: painter.\n\nList of main characters' departures\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n M jak miłość – official site\n M jak miłośc – TVP site\n M jak miłość – Filmweb\n\nPolish television soap operas" ]

[ "Shandi Finnessey", "Personal life", "Where is she from?", "New York City,", "Is she married?", "On September 24, 2014, Finnessey announced on Twitter that she became engaged to businessman Ben Higgins." ]

[ "I Told You So is a 1970 Ghanaian movie. The movie portrays Ghanaians and their way of life in a satirical style. It also gives insight into the life of a young lady who did not take the advice of her father when about to marry a man, she did not know anything about the man she was going to marry, but rather took her mother's and uncle's advice because of the wealth and power the man has.\n\nThe young lady later finds out that the man she is supposed to marry was an armed robber. She was unhappy of the whole incident. When her dad ask what had happened, she replied that the man she was supposed to marry is an armed robber; her father ended by saying \"I told you so\".\n\nCast\nBobe Cole\nMargret Quainoo (Araba Stamp)\nKweku Crankson (Osuo Abrobor)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n I TOLD YOU SO GHANAIAN MOVIE\n\n1970 films\nGhanaian films", "Kitty Lambert is an LGBT rights activist. She was raised Mormon and married a male Mormon missionary when she was seventeen.  She did not come out as a lesbian for many years out of fear of losing her children.\n\nLambert is president of (and was involved in the founding of) OUTspoken for Equality, an LGBT rights nonprofit in the Western New York area, and as such was instrumental in convincing the New York state legislature to legalize same-sex marriage.\n\nIn 2010 Lambert and her partner Cheryle Rudd went to a marriage office in Buffalo, New York to apply for a marriage license, accompanied by a group of supporters.  They were refused, but Lambert was given a license to marry a 22-year-old man at the marriage office whom she had never met before. She did not marry him, but the incident was filmed and put on YouTube, where as of July 2011 it had been viewed by 125,000 people.\n\nOver the years, Lambert had three heart attacks, and Rudd had cervical and thyroid cancer.  They had difficulty with hospitals due to lack of legal recognition of their relationship.\n\nIn 2011 Kitty Lambert and Cheryle Rudd became the first same-sex couple to legally marry in New York.  She and Rudd had been together for twelve years prior to their marriage.  Niagara Falls Mayor Paul Dyster officiated.\n\nReferences \n\nLGBT people from New York (state)\nLGBT rights activists from the United States\nLesbians\nActivists from Buffalo, New York\nFormer Latter Day Saints\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nLiving people" ]

[ "Shandi Finnessey", "Personal life", "Where is she from?", "New York City,", "Is she married?", "On September 24, 2014, Finnessey announced on Twitter that she became engaged to businessman Ben Higgins.", "When did they marry?", "They were married on July 11, 2015," ]

[ "The American Homecoming Act or Amerasian Homecoming Act, was an Act of Congress giving preferential immigration status to children in Vietnam born of U.S. fathers. The American Homecoming Act was written in 1987, passed in 1988, and implemented in 1989. The act increased Vietnamese Amerasian immigration to the U.S. because it allowed applicants to establish a mixed race identity by appearance alone. Additionally, the American Homecoming Act allowed the Amerasian children and their immediate relatives to receive refugee benefits. About 23,000 Amerasians and 67,000 of their relatives entered the United States under this act. While the American Homecoming Act was the most successful program in moving Vietnamese Amerasian children to the United States, the act was not the first attempt by the U.S. government. Additionally the act experienced flaws and controversies over the refugees it did and did not include since the act only allowed Vietnamese Amerasian children, as opposed to other South East Asian nations in which the United States also had forces in the war.\n\nBackground\n\nIn April 1975, the U.S.-backed government of South Vietnam fell to North Vietnamese forces. Refugees from Vietnam started to arrive in the United States under U.S. government programs. In 1982, the U.S. Congress passed the Amerasian Immigration Act (PL 97-359). The law prioritized U.S. immigration to children fathered by U.S. citizens including from Korea, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand. However, the law did not provide immigration to mothers or half-siblings, only to Amerasian children. Amerasians would generally have to coordinate with their American fathers in order to obtain a visa. This provided a challenge for many since some fathers did not know they had children or the fathers may not have wanted to claim the children. If the Amerasian children did not have documentation from the American father, then they could be examined for “American” physical features by a group of doctors. Additionally, since the U.S. and Vietnam's governments did not have diplomatic relations, the law could not be applied to Vietnamese Amerasian children. Essentially the Amerasian Immigration Act did little for Amerasian children and even less for Vietnamese Amerasian children.\n\nAs a way to address Vietnamese Amerasian children, the U.S. government permitted another route for Vietnamese-born children of American soldiers to the United States. The children would be classified as immigrants, but would also be eligible to receive refugee benefits. The U.S. and Vietnam governments established the Orderly Departure Program (ODP). The program is housed in the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR). The ODP created a system where South Vietnamese soldiers and others connected to the U.S. war effort could emigrate from Vietnam to the United States. Initially the Amerasian children had to have documentation from their American fathers to be issued a visa, however the program eventually expanded to individuals that did not have firm documentation. The Orderly Departure Program moved around 6,000 Amerasians and 11,000 relatives to the United States.\n\nEnactment\n\nOn August 6, 1987, Rep. Robert J. Mrazek [D-NY-3] introduced the Amerasian Homecoming Bill (H.R. 3171). The bill was co-sponsored by 204 U.S. representatives (154 Democrats, 49 Republicans, and 1 Independent). In 1988, the U.S. Congress passed the Amerasian Homecoming Act (PL 100-200). The law took effect on March 21, 1988, and allowed Vietnamese Amerasians born January 1, 1962, through January 1, 1976, to apply for immigrant visas until March 21, 1990. Additionally the legislation removed immigration quotas and reduced legal barriers for Vietnamese Amerasians’ immigration. As a result of the act around 20,000 Amerasian children left Vietnam. Prior to the Amerasian Homecoming Act, many Amerasian children faced prejudice in Vietnam sometimes referred to as bui doi (“the dust of life” or “trash”). However, after the act many of these children would be called “golden children” since not only could the Amerasian children move to the United States, but so could their families. The act allowed the spouse, child, mother, or the next of kin of the Amerasian child to emigrate. The act was significant, because it allowed applicants to establish a mixed race identity by appearance alone.\n\nImmigration process\n\nThe American Homecoming Act operated through the Orderly Departure Program in the respective U.S. embassies. U.S. Embassy officials would conduct interviews for Amerasians children and their families. The interviews were intended to prove whether or not the child's father was a U.S. military personnel. Under the American Homecoming Act, Vietnamese Amerasian children did not have to have documentation from their American fathers; however if they did, their case would be processed quicker. The approval rating for Amerasian applicants was approximately 95 percent.\n\nThe approved applicants and their families would go through a medical exam. The medical exam was less extensive than other immigration medical exams. If they passed, the U.S. would notify Vietnamese authorities and would process them for departure. The Amerasians would then be sent to the Philippines for a 6-month English language (ESL) and cultural orientation (CO) program. Once the Amerasians arrived in the United States they would be resettled by private voluntary agencies contracted with the U.S. State Department. Some Amerasians gave accounts that some “fake families” approached them as a way to immigrate to the United States. The U.S. Attorney General in conversation with the U.S. Secretary of State submitted program reports to the U.S. Congress every three years.\n\nControversies\n\nWhile the American Homecoming Act was the most successful measure by the United States to encourage Amerasian immigration, the act faced controversies. A primary issue was the act only applied to Amerasian children born in Vietnam. The American Homecoming Act excluded Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. While Amerasian children from outside Vietnam could immigrate to the United States, they could do so only if their fathers claimed them. Most fathers did not recognize their children, especially if they were born to sex workers.\n\nIn 1993, a class action lawsuit was filed in the International Court of Complaints to establish Filipino Amerasian children's rights to assistance. The court ruled against the children, stating they were the products of sexual services provided to U.S. service personnel. Since prostitution is illegal, there could be no legal claim for the Filipino Amerasian children. Amerasian advocacy groups are actively attempting to gain recognition for Amerasian children through legal and legislative measures.\n\nThere were other concerns facing the American Homecoming Act by the Vietnamese immigrants. Some accounts include a Vietnamese woman who attempted to claim American citizenship for her Amerasian son, but the father denied the relationship and responsibility by calling her a prostitute. Since sex workers were largely excluded, many children were unable to participate in the program. In the 1970s, the U.S. cut refugee cash assistance and medical aid to only eight months. Many Amerasian children account for their struggles in public school and very few attended higher education. Amerasian children who stayed in their respective countries found difficulties. Many of the children faced prejudice since their fair skin or very dark skin, blue eyes, or curly black hair would quickly identify them as Amerasian. Additionally the children faced judgment from the new socialist Vietnamese officials and other neighbors since their features positioned them as reminders of the “old enemy.”\n\nReferences\n\nUnited States federal immigration and nationality legislation", "Matthew 11:17 is the seventeenth verse in the eleventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament.\n\nContent\nIn the original Greek according to Westcott-Hort for this verse is:\nκαὶ λέγουσιν, Ηὐλήσαμεν ὑμῖν, καὶ οὐκ ὠρχήσασθε· ἐθρηνήσαμεν ὑμῖν, καὶ οὐκ ἐκόψασθε. \n\nIn the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:\nAnd saying, We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented.\n\nThe New International Version translates the passage as:\n\"'We played the flute for you, and you did not dance; we sang a dirge and you did not mourn.'\n\nAnalysis\nWitham states that Christ here is represented by the children that piped, while St. John by those that mourned, since Christ did not refuse to eat and converse with sinners.\n\nCommentary from the Church Fathers\nSaint Remigius: \" And straightway He answers Himself, saying, It is like unto children sitting in the market-place, crying unto their fellows, and saying, We have played music to you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned, and ye have not lamented.\"\n\nHilary of Poitiers: \" By the children are meant the Prophets, who preached as children in singleness of meaning, and in the midst of the synagogue, that is in the market-place, reprove them, that when they played to those to whom they had devoted the service of their body, they had not obeyed their words, as the movement of the dancers are regulated by the measures of the music. For the Prophets invited them to make confession by song to God, as it is contained in the song of Moses, of Isaiah, or of David.\"\n\nJerome: \" They say therefore, We have flayed music to you, and ye have not danced; i. e. We have called on you to work good works to our songs, and ye would not. We have lamented and called you to repentance, and this ye would not, rejecting both preaching, as well of exhortation to virtue, as of repentance for sin.\"\n\nSaint Remigius: \" What is that He says, To their fellows? Were the unbelieving Jews then fellows of the Prophets? He speaks thus only because they were sprung of one stock.\"\n\nJerome: \" The children are they of whom Isaiah speaks, Behold I, and the children whom the Lord has given me. (Is. 8:18) These children then sit in the market-place, where are many things for sale, and say,\"\n\nChrysostom: \" We have played music to you, and ye have not danced; that is, I have showed you an unrestricted life, and ye are not convinced; We have mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented; that is, John lived a hard life, and ye heeded him not. Yet does not he speak one thing, and I another, but both speak the same thing, because both have one and the same object. For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, He hath a dæmon. The Son of man came &c.\"\n\nSee also\nWeddings and Funerals\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOther translations of Matthew 11:17 at BibleHub\n\n011:17" ]

[ "Shandi Finnessey", "Personal life", "Where is she from?", "New York City,", "Is she married?", "On September 24, 2014, Finnessey announced on Twitter that she became engaged to businessman Ben Higgins.", "When did they marry?", "They were married on July 11, 2015,", "Did they have children?", "Finnessey announced the June 10, 2016 home birth of her son Finn Arthur Higgins via Instagram." ]

[ "Michaela Songa (born May 24, 1986) is a Liberian-born actress, writer, and a magazine editor. Michaela is best known for her series of web journals and her photos through camera lenses. She has recently been working on her movie career by starring in two Liberian movies alongside other up and coming film makers. As a print journalism major in her junior year, she has always stated her desire to stay out of the camera lens as much as possible and focus more on the behind scenes of her printed media.\n\nEarly life\nSonga was born in Monrovia, Liberia, the daughter of Michael Songa, a renowned Architect and Jennebah Carter. As an only child, she was often pampered by her father which some times got her in trouble in schools with her peers. They routinely taunted her with name callings such as \"daddy's girl\", \"princess\", etc. As she gained acceptance with her friends through bribes and stooping to them, she took on a new nickname. Hence \"KELO\" was born. She asserts to date that she never preferred to be called KELO (short for Michaela), however sources from childhood friends state otherwise. Her birth name reveals her closeness to her father (Michael) more so than worldly things.\n\nCareer\nMichaela became interested in art since a child. Her dad introduced her to the lens of the camera very early by often documenting her daily activities on tapes and in prints.\nHer acting career, though her least favorite talent has peaked up by starring in two movies set to be released soon of which \"The Desperate Girls\" is one. She is currently managing her own blog and a spin-off as an editor-in-chief for zorzor magazine. Her former works could also be seen at African Starz Magazine where she was also the chief editor.\n\nFilmography\nDesperate Girls (2009)\nSplit Decision (2009)\nThe Heat (2009)\nBeneath The Thoughts (2009)\nBlood Brothers (2009)\nCheaters Club (2012) (wrote and produced)\n\nAwards and nominations\nNominated for Best Editor and writer at the 2009 Eagle Awards for Achievement held in Philadelphia.\n\nPersonal life\nShe is a devoted Christian, who through her conversations likes to always give credit to God first. She currently lives in New Jersey. She often does not disclose her residence, in lieu of the fact that, she constantly is not satisfied with permanent settlements. She classifies herself as a woman who likes to interact with her environments, hence she does not want to live at one place for an extended period of time.\n\nHobbies\nHer hobbies are reading and writing movie scripts. She also often ties cooking to her list of hobbies, although she doesn't have a favorite food to cook.\n\nReferences\n\n1986 births\nLiberian film actresses\nLiving people\nPeople from Monrovia\n21st-century actresses\nLiberian writers\n21st-century Liberian women writers\n21st-century Liberian writers\n21st-century Liberian people\nLiberian women writers", "This is a partial list of hobbies. A hobby is an activity, interest, or pastime that is undertaken for pleasure or relaxation, done during one's own leisure time.\n\nGeneral hobbies\n\nOutdoors and sports\n\nEducational hobbies\n\nCollection hobbies\n\nIndoors\n\nOutdoors\n\nCompetitive hobbies\n\nIndoors\n\nOutdoors\n\nObservation hobbies\n\nIndoors\n\nOutdoors\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nEntertainment lists" ]

[ "Shandi Finnessey", "Personal life", "Where is she from?", "New York City,", "Is she married?", "On September 24, 2014, Finnessey announced on Twitter that she became engaged to businessman Ben Higgins.", "When did they marry?", "They were married on July 11, 2015,", "Did they have children?", "Finnessey announced the June 10, 2016 home birth of her son Finn Arthur Higgins via Instagram.", "What hobbies does she enjoy?", "she posed nude for a PETA anti-fur campaign opposing the distribution of fur coats as prizes during beauty pageants." ]

[ "I'm Still Here... Damn It is an album released by singer/comedian/actress Sandra Bernhard. The album is a live recording of her one-woman show of the same title.\n\nLive show\nIn Bernhard's live performances she satirized celebrity culture while commenting on events of the time. Among the topics she addresses: the death of Princess Diana, Mariah Carey, Courtney Love, modern technology, religion, the world of high fashion and relationships.\n\nIn 1997 the show ran at the Westbeth Theater Center in Greenwich Village, and also in 1998 at the Booth Theater in New York.\n\nRecording\nThe CD combines comedic monologues and musical performances taken from the live show. The final track, \"On the Runway Remix\", is a studio-produced track, produced by Eve Nelson that recreates the live performance of the track by the same name; the remix peaked at number 39 on Billboard’s Dance Club Songs Chart in April 1999. Nelson also produced \"Perfection\" on Sandra Bernhard's 2008 album \"Everything Bad & Beautiful\".\n\nTrack listing\n\nDVD + VHS\nThe DVD for I'm Still Here... Damn It! was released on February 22, 2000. The DVD is Unrated and contains the following single bonus feature:\n30 minutes of footage not seen in the broadcast version.\nThe DVD is directed by Marty Callner.\n\nThe Unrated VHS was also released. But it does not contain the bonus footage.\n\nReferences\n\nSandra Bernhard albums\n1998 live albums\n2000 live albums\n2000 video albums\nLive video albums\n1990s comedy albums\nTVT Records live albums", "Dorothea Brande (1893–1948) was an American writer and editor in New York City.\n\nBiography\nShe was born in Chicago and attended the University of Chicago, the Lewis Institute in Chicago (later merged with Armour Institute of Technology to become Illinois Institute of Technology), and the University of Michigan. Her book Becoming a Writer, published in 1934, is still in print and offers advice for beginning and sustaining any writing enterprise. She also wrote Wake Up and Live, published in 1936, which sold more than two million copies. It was made into the film Wake Up and Live in 1937.\n\nWhile she was serving as associate editor of The American Review in 1936, she married that journal's owner and editor, Seward Collins. Collins was a prominent literary figure in New York and a proponent of an American version of fascism; Brande supported many of these ideas in her articles for The American Review.\n\nDorothea Collins died in New Hampshire.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Excerpts from her book \"Wake Up And Live!\"\n 'Fascist Sympathies: On Dorothea Brande', The Nation, 13 August 2013\n\nIllinois Institute of Technology alumni\nBrande, Dorothea\nBrande, Dorothea\nWriters from Chicago\nAmerican print editors\nUniversity of Chicago alumni\nUniversity of Michigan alumni\nWomen print editors" ]

[ "Shandi Finnessey", "Personal life", "Where is she from?", "New York City,", "Is she married?", "On September 24, 2014, Finnessey announced on Twitter that she became engaged to businessman Ben Higgins.", "When did they marry?", "They were married on July 11, 2015,", "Did they have children?", "Finnessey announced the June 10, 2016 home birth of her son Finn Arthur Higgins via Instagram.", "What hobbies does she enjoy?", "she posed nude for a PETA anti-fur campaign opposing the distribution of fur coats as prizes during beauty pageants.", "Does she still live in New York?", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"Find an Island\" is a song by New Zealand musician Benee. It was released as a single on 11 October 2019 as the lead single from Benee's second extended play Stella & Steve. The song peaked at number 83 on the Australian ARIA Charts, becoming her first charting single in that territory.\n\nAbout the song, Benee told Coup de Main magazine \"The song is about a tiny little argument I had with my guitar player Tia. We had some weird little bicker, and you know when you’re having a petty argument with a friend you don't want to swear at them or put them down or anything, but I was like, 'What would I say?' It'd be like, 'Find an island, go somewhere else'.\"\n\nCritical reception\nHelen Ehrlich from Culture Affinity Magazine said with \"Find an Island\" Benee continues her pattern of dropping poppy and punchy songs\". Ehrlich said \"'Find An Island' is swinging and sultry song about removing negative people from your mind and life.\" Andrew Drever from Sydney Morning Herald called the song a \"tropical slow-burner\". In the EP review, Nathan Gunn from Tone Deaf described the song as \"a cruisy summer track\".\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2019 singles\n2019 songs\nBenee songs\nRepublic Records singles\nSongs written by Benee\nSongs written by Djeisan Suskov\nSongs written by Josh Fountain\nSong recordings produced by Josh Fountain", "Finally Awake is the fifth studio album released by Christian rock band Seventh Day Slumber. It was released on March 20, 2007 under Tooth & Nail Records. Finally Awake reached its peak on the Top Christian Albums chart at No. 16 in 2007.\n\nMeaning \nWhen Joseph Rojas was asked about the meaning behind Finally Awake, he responded: \"The message of this album is clear. We want to empower kids to stop looking to the media, to what the world tells them they have to be, to find identity. You don’t have to be what everyone else tells you to. Be what you were created to be.\"\n\nTrack listing \n \"Awake\" - 3:42\n \"Last Regret\" - 3:08\n \"Missing Pages\" - 3:53\n \"My Only Hope\" - 3:45\n \"Always\" - 4:40\n \"Breaking Away\" - 3:35\n \"Burning Bridges\" - 3:54\n \"Undone\" - 3:26\n \"On My Way Home\" - 3:43\n \"Broken Buildings\" - 4:21\n \"Every Saturday\" - 4:20\n\nReferences \n\n2007 albums\nTooth & Nail Records albums\nSeventh Day Slumber albums" ]

[ "Shandi Finnessey", "Personal life", "Where is she from?", "New York City,", "Is she married?", "On September 24, 2014, Finnessey announced on Twitter that she became engaged to businessman Ben Higgins.", "When did they marry?", "They were married on July 11, 2015,", "Did they have children?", "Finnessey announced the June 10, 2016 home birth of her son Finn Arthur Higgins via Instagram.", "What hobbies does she enjoy?", "she posed nude for a PETA anti-fur campaign opposing the distribution of fur coats as prizes during beauty pageants.", "Does she still live in New York?", "I don't know.", "What else did you find interesting about her?", "In 2013, Finnessey became a contestant on Ready for Love where she competed for the attention of Ernesto Arguello." ]

[ "Mind how you go may refer to:\nMind How You Go (The Advisory Circle album), 2005\nMind How You Go (Skye Edwards album), 2006\n\"Mind How You Go\", a 1965 single by Barry St. John (Elizabeth Thompson)\n\"Mind How You Go\", a 1967 single by Allan Smethurst\n\"Mind How You Go\", a 1966 single by Mr. Lee Grant (Bogdan Kominowski)\n\"Mind how you go\", a phrase for good-bye", "Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Don Sebesky and Al Capps.\n\nTrack listing\n\"Where Did They Go\" (Harry Lloyd, Gloria Sklerov) - 3:53\n\"My Rock and Foundation\" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) - 2:37\n\"Help Me Make It Through the Night\" (Kris Kristofferson) - 2:45\n\"All I Want\" (Steve Clayton [aka P. Tedesco], Gladys Shelley) - 2:40\n\"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" (Tim Rice, Andrew Lloyd Webber) - 3:24\n\"Goodbye Again\" (Donald J. Addrissi, Richard P. Addrissi) - 2:33\n\"Sing\" (Joe Raposo) - 2:25\n\"I Was Born in Love with You\" (Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, Michel Legrand) - 4:01\n\"Losing My Mind\" (Stephen Sondheim) - 2:43\n\"My Sweet Lord\" (George Harrison) - 2:55\n\nNotes\nThe recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California.\n\nWhere Did They Go was Peggy Lee's first album not to make the Billboard 200 chart since her Grammy-winning hit \"Is That All There Is?\" in 1969.\n\nBurt Bacharach and Hal David wrote the song \"My Rock And Foundation\" specifically for Lee.\n\nCapitol Records released \"Where Did They Go\" (backed by \"All I Want\") as a 45\" single in 1971. The single did not make the charts.\n\nLee performed songs from this album, including \"Where Did They Go\" and \"My Sweet Lord,\" during her June 1971 engagement at The Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada.\n\nAfter completing work on Where Did They Go, Peggy Lee did not return to the recording studio again until nearly a year later, when she began recording Norma Deloris Egstrom from Jamestown, North Dakota in April 1972.\n\nThis album was released on 8-track, along with LP.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Peggy Lee Discography\n\n1971 albums\nCapitol Records albums\nPeggy Lee albums\nAlbums arranged by Don Sebesky\nAlbums produced by Snuff Garrett" ]

[ "Shandi Finnessey", "Personal life", "Where is she from?", "New York City,", "Is she married?", "On September 24, 2014, Finnessey announced on Twitter that she became engaged to businessman Ben Higgins.", "When did they marry?", "They were married on July 11, 2015,", "Did they have children?", "Finnessey announced the June 10, 2016 home birth of her son Finn Arthur Higgins via Instagram.", "What hobbies does she enjoy?", "she posed nude for a PETA anti-fur campaign opposing the distribution of fur coats as prizes during beauty pageants.", "Does she still live in New York?", "I don't know.", "What else did you find interesting about her?", "In 2013, Finnessey became a contestant on Ready for Love where she competed for the attention of Ernesto Arguello.", "How did that go?", "She won Arguello's heart on the show, but the relationship was short-lived in real life." ]

[ "Blind Date is an American dating game show. The show was originally hosted by Roger Lodge, and is currently hosted by Nikki Glaser.\n\nDuring its syndicated years (1999-2006), the series was distributed by Universal Worldwide Television. It was later distributed by NBCUniversal Television Distribution.\n\nSynopsis\nDuring each episode, people who did not previously know each other at all were paired up and sent off on a blind date. The cameras followed their every move, while commentary in the form of subtitles, animations, and \"thought bubbles\" was added by the show's producers. The most common \"type\" of date on the show involved two attractive people in their 20's, one male and one female, who would do 1 or 2 activities before having dinner and (often) hanging out in a Jacuzzi, after which the date would end. However, the show did a lot of variations on this theme: many episodes took place in other cities or even other countries, a lot of dates involved same-sex couples or older daters, and there would be dates that were explicitly stated to be \"Hot Dates\" or \"Dates From Hell\", which reflected the daters becoming physically intimate on the former score and furiously hating each other on the latter one. To the show's credit, it did not make alcohol available to daters who were driving themselves around, while chauffeured contestants were usually free to (and often did) drink a lot of liquor. From its initial 1999-2006 run, the show ended up having two couples that met on blind dates and later got married; while other couples did date for a while as documented in later \"Checking In\" segments, the majority of dates ended with the daters stating that there was no connection and there wouldn't be any further dates, while a decent-sized minority did have the daters state they'd like to see each other again but few of those plans were ever confirmed to have taken place.\n\nReboot\nOn October 10, 2019, it was announced that the series was getting revived and premiered on November 18, 2019, on Bravo.\n\nSyndication\nBlind Date was aired on TNN (The National Network, later Spike TV, now The Paramount Network) from 2001 to 2003. Also, Spike TV picked up the show after re-launch the new channel name, the show re-aired from 2003 to 2005. Blind Date re-aired on Fox Reality Channel from 2005 to 2010.\n\nSome Blind Date episodes are available on Nosey.com but only a fraction of the over 1450 episodes that were produced.\n\nSee also\nBlind Date (British game show)\nHell Date\nDisaster Date\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1999 American television series debuts\n2006 American television series endings\n2019 American television series debuts\nAmerican game shows\n1990s American game shows\n1990s American reality television series\n2000s American game shows\n2000s American reality television series\n2010s American game shows\n2010s American reality television series\n2020s American game shows\n2020s American reality television series\nAmerican dating and relationship reality television series\nEnglish-language television shows\nFirst-run syndicated television programs in the United States\nTelevision series by Universal Television\nBravo (American TV network) original programming\nAmerican television series revived after cancellation", "{{Infobox television\n | name = 'Til Death Do Us Part: Carmen and Dave\n | image = Til Death Do Us Part Logo.jpg\n | caption = Logo for Til Death Do Us Part: Carmen and Dave | runtime = approximately 20 minutes (per episode)\n | starring = Carmen ElectraDave Navarro\n | country = United States\n | distributor = MTV Networks International\n | network = MTV\n | first_aired = \n | last_aired = \n | num_episodes = 7\n | website = http://www.mtv.com/onair/till_death/carmen_dave/\n }}Til Death Do Us Part: Carmen and Dave (often written Til Death Do Us Part: Carmen + Dave or Til Death Do Us Part: Carmen & Dave) is a reality television show produced by Fernando Hernández for MTV. It followed the lives of Carmen Electra and Dave Navarro through the events leading up to their anything-but-traditional wedding, culminating with the marriage ceremony and reception. The show first aired on MTV on January 21, 2004 and ran for 7 episodes. The final episode aired on March 3, 2004.\n\nElectra and Navarro were married on November 22, 2003. The couple separated on July 18, 2006, and Electra filed for divorce on August 10, 2006. On February 20, 2007, their divorce was finalized.\n\n Origin \nUnlike Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica and The Osbournes, Til Death Do Us Part: Carmen and Dave concerns only one facet of the subjects' lives: preparations for their wedding. MTV approached Electra and Navarro about producing a wedding series after the couple made Carmen and Dave: An MTV Love Story. That series aired in 2002 and documented the couple's courtship. Electra and Navarro, engaged since August 14, 2001, had been putting off their wedding, but the show forced them to set a date for their nuptials.\n\nThe show tried to capture the reality of Electra and Navarro's relationship, but according to Navarro, reality TV is an impossibility \"because you're not gonna be real with an eight-man crew in your house.\" He describes the show's product as \"the most realistic portrayal of . . . life with eight guys with cameras around.\"\n\nFollow-up \nThe stress of making a reality show can be difficult on a marriage, as evidenced by the breakup of Nick Lachey and Jessica Simpson, but it was apparently not the source of trouble for Electra and Navarro. Electra has denied the existence of any \"MTV curse\" and said that the reality shows she did with Navarro were not responsible for their later divorce.\n\nCast \n Carmen Electra\n Dave Navarro\n Daisy, their pet Yorkshire Terrier (uncredited).\n\nEpisodes \nThe series aired on Wednesday evenings from January 21 to March 3, 2004.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official site on MTV.com\n \n\nMTV original programming\n2000s American reality television series\n2004 American television series debuts\n2004 American television series endings\nAmerican dating and relationship reality television series" ]

[ "Shandi Finnessey", "Personal life", "Where is she from?", "New York City,", "Is she married?", "On September 24, 2014, Finnessey announced on Twitter that she became engaged to businessman Ben Higgins.", "When did they marry?", "They were married on July 11, 2015,", "Did they have children?", "Finnessey announced the June 10, 2016 home birth of her son Finn Arthur Higgins via Instagram.", "What hobbies does she enjoy?", "she posed nude for a PETA anti-fur campaign opposing the distribution of fur coats as prizes during beauty pageants.", "Does she still live in New York?", "I don't know.", "What else did you find interesting about her?", "In 2013, Finnessey became a contestant on Ready for Love where she competed for the attention of Ernesto Arguello.", "How did that go?", "She won Arguello's heart on the show, but the relationship was short-lived in real life.", "Did she do any other reality shows?", "She claims to have once wrestled a greased pig." ]

[ "Audrey Collier is a character in the television series The Likely Lads, Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads and the film adaptation of The Likely Lads. She is portrayed by Sheila Fearn throughout the series.\n\nCharacter\nAudrey is the elder sister of Terry Collier. In The Likely Lads she lives with her parents and Terry. Terry and her are shown to bicker over trivial differences in a childish manner, much to the dismay of their mother, Edith.\n\nAudrey returns in Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads, where she is shown to be married with children and like Bob she has left the area where she grew up and now lives on a new estate. Her marriage to Ernie (Ronald Lacey) is portrayed to be largely unhappy, by statements made by Audrey such as I was going to leave Ernie but I couldn't find the time. In the film their marriage does not seem to have improved.\n\nLike Thelma, Audrey is often a source of disapproval for Terry and Bob. Audrey is supportive of Bob and sees her brother as a bad influence on his marriage. Like Thelma, Audrey is usually trying to get rid of Terry and throughout the film she tries to persuade him to emigrate, something she is almost successful in. Audrey is an interfering character who tries to involve herself in Bob's marital problems at every opportunity and does not hesitate to pass any problems they have around her friends as gossip.\n\nFictional housewives\nLikely Lads series characters", "Supportive selling environment is an environment which allows for commodities to appear in attractive light. The term was used by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky in their analysis of the propaganda model.\n\nClare Melford explained that it was while she was General Manager of the Nordic region of MTV that she developed a critical understanding of how the media station provided a supportive selling environment for unsustainable lifestyles, which led to her giving up that position.\n\nIt has been adopted as an element in the Certificate IV in Business Sales (BSB40607) in that candidates are expected to develop techniques to create a supportive selling environment in a face-to-face environment.\n\nReferences\n\nCommodity markets" ]

[ "Panda Bear (musician)", "Solo work" ]

[ "Vinny Burns (born 4 April 1965, Oldham, Lancashire) is an English hard rock guitarist and producer, best known for his work with the bands Dare, Ten and Bob Catley. He has also been a member of Asia, Ultravox, Hugo, FM, The Ladder, Phoenix Down, and on his own project with Sam Blue, Burns Blue. He is active as a producer and owns his one recording studio (\"The Viper Room\"). The last album he produced was the debut album of the rock band The Beautiful Sleazy, \"All Fired Up\".\n\nBiography\n\nThe Early years\nBurns started guitar around the age of 9. Inspired by bands like Nazareth, Lynyrd Skynyrd, UFO, Rush, Thin Lizzy and Van Halen he soon was involved in various bands. In 1983, Vinny Burns was approached by the owner of Pennine Studios and it wasn't long before he got his first session job. Alongside his session work at Pennine Studios, he had been active in the live circuit playing in various local bands.\n\nThe Dare Years: 1985 – 1992\nIn 1985, he met Darren Wharton who had just left Thin Lizzy and was looking for a guitarist to form a band. Soon after, they started working on demos of songs that actually ended up in the band's first album. The band was complete when they acquired the services of bass player Martin \"Shelley\" Shelton, drummer Ed Stratton (followed by Jim Ross) and keyboard player Mark Simpson (who was soon succeeded by Brian Cox). After gigging for almost a year, they started working on new songs and by 1987 they were signed by A&M Records. The band's first album Out of the Silence was released in late 1988 and proved to be a commercial success. Two years later, they released their second album Blood From Stone. By 1992 Burns had left the band and soon after he joined the band Asia.\n\nThe TEN Years: 1995 – 2001\nVinny Burns first met Gary Hughes when he still was in Dare but only got to work with him in 1994. He was brought in to lay the guitar parts on what was to be Gary Hughes's third and fourth solo albums. During the recordings of the albums, they decided to turn the project into a band. Thus, the band Ten was formed. Together they released six studio albums, four EPs and one live album. Vinny Burns has also appeared in Gary Hughes' third solo album (Precious Ones), on the three Gary Hughes penned Bob Catley solo albums and on the first Hugo Valenti album that again was produced by Gary Hughes. In late 2001 Vinny Burns left Ten citing creative differences.\n\nSolo Work and Burns Blue\nIn 1999 Vinny Burns released his first solo album named The Journey, which was also the first Vinny Burns release to feature Sam Blue on vocals. The collaboration with Blue continued after Burns left Ten when, in 2003 they formed the band Burns Blue and released the album What If....\n\nReturn to Dare: 2008 - \nIn 2008 Burns again joined Darren Wharton in Dare.\n\nOther projects\nBurns has also appeared on other projects like Steve Overland's The Ladder and Shining Line. He was also featured on the first Ged Rylands solo album named \"Dreamworld\", which was released in March 2013 through Escape Music.\n\nDiscography\n\nWith Dare\n Out of the Silence (1988)\n Blood From Stone (1990)\n Sacred Ground (2016)\n\nWith Ultravox\n Ingenuity (1994)\n\nWith Ten\nStudio albums and EPs\n X (1996)\n The Name of the Rose (1996)\n The Name of the Rose EP (1996)\n The Robe (1997)\n The Robe EP (1997)\n You're in My Heart EP (1997)\n Spellbound (1999)\n Fear the Force EP (1999)\n Babylon (2000)\n Far Beyond the World (2001)\n\nLive albums\n Never Say Goodbye (1998)\n\nCompilation albums\n Ten/The Name of the Rose (1999)\n The Robe/Bonus Collection (1999)\n The Best of Ten 1996-1999 (1999)\n\nWith Hugo\n Hugo (1997)\n\nWith Bob Catley\nThe Tower (1998)\nLive at the Gods (1999)\nLegends (1999)\nMiddle Earth (2001)\n\nSolo\n The Journey (1999)\n\nBurns Blue\n What If... (2003)\n\nWith The Ladder\n Future Miracles (2004)\n\nWith Three Lions\n Three Lions (2014)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe Viper Room\nHeavy Harmonies page\n\nEnglish record producers\nEnglish rock guitarists\nMusicians from the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham\nPeople from Oldham\nUltravox members\nLiving people\n1965 births\nTen (band) members", "Samuelle Prater, known simply as Samuelle, is an American R&B singer who is a former member of the R&B group Club Nouveau. He was the lead singer on Club Nouveau's #1 Pop and Dance and #2 R&B hit remake of the Bill Withers classic, \"Lean on Me\".\n\nHe released his first and only solo album entitled, Living in Black Paradise on October 30, 1990 on Atlantic Records, which reached number 37 on the Billboard R&B Albums chart. This album featured his biggest solo hit, \"So You Like What You See\", which was accompanied by a music video featuring Tyra Banks. In October 2004, \"So You Like What You See\" appeared on the popular videogame Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, playing on new jack swing radio station CSR 103.9.\n\nReferences\n\nLiving people\nAmerican contemporary R&B singers\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Panda Bear (musician)", "Solo work", "What was his solo work like?", "has been variously characterized as experimental pop, electronic, bedroom pop, neo-psychedelic pop, and indie rock." ]

[ "Bridges is the second solo studio album by American rapper Sonny Seeza, an original member of multi-platinum hardcore rap group Onyx. The album was released digitally on February 26, 2016. The album was produced by DJ Tray, Jakebeatz, DJ Rad, DJ Def Cut, Dr. G, Ay-Cut, DJ Idem, San Fermin. It is his first album in 7 years, his last effort being 2009's Tytanium.\n\nBackground \nIn 2011 Sonny Seeza was flown to Switzerland by Soni Keomanyvong from Loyal Unity Booking and Management, to do several live show performances around Switzerland. Later she became his booking agent, manager, and beloved girl. Then she introduced him to Matt, who was interested in doing an album project with Sonny Seeza through his label, Empire Music. Inspired by the new relationship, Sonsee start working on a second solo album \"Bridges\" at the studio PW Records in Basel, which was released on February 26, 2016.\n\nSingles \n\"Everywhere\" was released as the album's single on January 29, 2016. The music video for this single was released on March 14, 2016.\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Bridges at Bandcamp\n\n2016 albums\nSonny Seeza albums", "Duality is the debut extended play by the South Korean rapper I.M. It was released on February 19, 2021 by Starship Entertainment. The digital EP contains five tracks including the lead single \"God Damn\".\n\nBackground and release \nIn January 2021, I.M announced the solo work he had been preparing in 2020 would be released as his first solo album, rather than a mixtape release, with an intended release later in 2021. The EP was released digitally rather than as a physical album to avoid restrictions on its sales by an explicit rating.\n\nCritical reception \n\nThe tracks on the album were noted for all being themed around \"duality\" (二重性). I.M was noted as showing versatility as an artist and expanding his musical style, when compared to his work in Monsta X. That difference of his musical style for Monsta X to his solo work, as noted by Ruby C for NME, was part of showing the theme of the album, along with the emotion and delivery of the tracks.\n\nTrack listing \nCredits adapted from Melon.\n\nCharts\n\nSongs\n\nWeekly charts\n\nRelease history\n\nSee also \n List of K-pop songs on the Billboard charts\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n\nStarship Entertainment EPs\n2021 debut EPs\nKorean-language EPs" ]

[ "Panda Bear (musician)", "Solo work", "What was his solo work like?", "has been variously characterized as experimental pop, electronic, bedroom pop, neo-psychedelic pop, and indie rock.", "What was an album he cut during his solo work?", "Lennox's debut album Panda Bear was released in 1999" ]

[ "\"What She Came For\" is the fourth single from the album Tonight: Franz Ferdinand by Franz Ferdinand. It was remixed as \"Feel the Pressure\" for the band's remix album, Blood: Franz Ferdinand.\n\nBackground\n\"What She Came For\" originated from the song \"Favourite Lie\", which was played live in 2007 by the band and featured similarities in arrangement and lyrics.\n\nTrack listing \nDigital download\n\"What She Came For\" – 3:33\n\nVinyl Remixes EP\n\"What She Came For\" (Drums of Death Remix) – 4:18\n\"What She Came For\" (Tigerstyle Remix) – 3:28\n\"What She Came For\" (Lee Mortimer Vocal Remix) – 6:24\n\"What She Came For\" (Lee Mortimer Dub) – 6:25\n\n\"Feel the Pressure\" digital download\n\"Feel the Pressure\" – 3:28\n\nRemixes \nThe song has been remixed by:\n\nDrums of Death\nTigerstyle\nLee Mortimer\nMr Dan (remix called \"Feel the Pressure\" for the remix album Blood: Franz Ferdinand)\n\nReferences \nhttp://wax.fm/vinyl-lp-releases/franz_ferdinand_what_she_came_for_remixes.html\nhttp://images2.wax.fm/franz_ferdinand_what_she_came_for_remixes-RUG326T-1251838191.jpeg\n\"Blood: Franz Ferdinand\" liner notes.\n\nSpecific\n\n2009 singles\nFranz Ferdinand (band) songs\n2008 songs\nDomino Recording Company singles", "\"It's About Time\" is a song by American rock band Young the Giant from the band's second studio album, Mind over Matter. It was released as the lead single from the album on October 28, 2013. A music video accompanying the song was released the same day.\n\nIn an interview with Rolling Stone, Young the Giant drummer Francois Comtois said that the track is \"certainly the most aggressive song on the album. But it kind of came from this realization we could do what we wanted to do and be honest about it.\"\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nReferences\n\n2013 songs\n2013 singles\nYoung the Giant songs\nFueled by Ramen singles" ]

[ "Panda Bear (musician)", "Solo work", "What was his solo work like?", "has been variously characterized as experimental pop, electronic, bedroom pop, neo-psychedelic pop, and indie rock.", "What was an album he cut during his solo work?", "Lennox's debut album Panda Bear was released in 1999", "What singles came from that album?", "I don't know." ]

[ "American singer-actress Cher has embarked on seven concert tours and three concert residencies. As a solo artist, Cher has made concerts in North America, Europe, Australia and Asia. Cher's first ever concert was with her ex-husband Sonny Bono in 1966 at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles.\n\nIn 1979, Cher started her first solo concert tour, the Cher in Concert Tour, with performances in Europa and North America in 1979. After the success with disco music, Cher and her boyfriend at the time, Les Dudek, formed the new wave band Black Rose with which she did her first mini-tour, The Black Rose Show. Black Rose band during their tour were the opening act for Bob Seger in Europe and for Hall & Oates during the 1980 summer in North America.\n\nAfter eight years off the road, Cher did her second solo sold-out tour in 1990, the Heart of Stone Tour, which was followed up by 1992's Love Hurts Tour. The Love Hurts Tour is well known by fans for cancellations due to Cher's illness.\n\nAfter the huge success of the Believe album, she did her 1999/2000 Do You Believe? tour.\nFinally, in 2002, she embarked on her so far last concert tour, the marathon Living Proof: The Farewell Tour, which lasted from June 2002 until April 2005. The tour featured a total 325 shows, the most ever for a concert tour by a female solo artist, and grossed more than $250 million, becoming Cher's highest-grossing tour ever. Cher closed the farewell tour in April 2005 at the Hollywood Bowl. It was the most successful tour by a single female solo artist at that time.\n\nFrom May 2008 until February 2011, Cher performed at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada with her new show, Cher at the Colosseum. She signed for 200 shows over the span of three years. She was paid $60 million for her return.\n\nAfter her residency at the Caesars Palace which lasted from 2008-2011, Cher began touring with the Dressed to Kill Tour in 2014 after the release of her album Closer to the Truth. Cher is one of the most successful touring artists, she was placed at number three among most successful female artists and at number twenty three overall on Billboard Top Live Artists From 1990-2014 list.\n\nConcert tours\n\nConcert residencies\n\nReferences\n\n \nCher\n\nhu:Cher filmjei", "The Four Seasons Tour is a 2002 concert tour by German female pop group No Angels, organized to promote their second studio album Now... Us! (2002).\n\nReception \nLocal online magazine ka-news declared the concert \"the perfect show and added: \"The mixture of elaborate dance interludes and sensitive ballads rushed through the Europahalle, so that even the floor thumped with it. The five girls did their thing properly, sorting the songs according to the four seasons.\" In her review of the concert at the Alsterdorfer Sporthalle in Hamburg, Hamburger Abendblatt writer Conni Schierer called the show \"a colorful party.\"eine kunterbunte party.\"\n\nOpening acts \n\n B3\n Maja\n Pierre \n She'Loe\n Sugababes\n Tears\n\nSet list\n\n\"Three Words\"\n\"100% Emotional\"\n\"2 Get Over U\"\n\"Since I Found U\" (Vanessa solo)\n\"Still in Love with You\"\n\"Lost in You\"\n\"Like Ice in the Sunshine\"\n\"Come Back\" (Nadja solo)\n\"Autumn Breeze\n\"There Must Be an Angel\"\n\"Shield Against My Sorrow\" (Jessica solo)\n\"Let's Go to Bed\"\n\"Rivers of Joy\"\n\"Say Goodbye\" (Sandy solo)\n\"Stay\" (Lucy solo)\n\"Lovestory\"\n\"Something About Us\"\nEncore\n\"All Cried Out\"\n\"Daylight in Your Eyes\"\n\nTour dates\n\nReferences\n\n2002 concert tours" ]

[ "Panda Bear (musician)", "Solo work", "What was his solo work like?", "has been variously characterized as experimental pop, electronic, bedroom pop, neo-psychedelic pop, and indie rock.", "What was an album he cut during his solo work?", "Lennox's debut album Panda Bear was released in 1999", "What singles came from that album?", "I don't know.", "Did he tour solo?", "After focusing more on touring and recording with Animal Collective, he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004" ]

[ "Polly Young (also known as Mary Young, Maria Young, Polly Barthélemon and Maria Barthélemon) (7 July 1749 – 20 September 1799) was an English soprano, composer and keyboard player. She was part of a well-known English family of musicians that included several professional singers and organists during the 17th and 18th centuries. Her husband, François-Hippolyte Barthélémon, was a composer and violinist, and their daughter, Cecilia Maria Barthélemon, was also a composer and opera singer.\n\nBiography\nPolly Young was born in Covent Garden, London on 7 July 1749. Her father, Charles Young, was a clerk at the Treasury. She was the youngest of three daughters, her oldest sister Isabella becoming a successful soprano and her other sister Elizabeth a successful contralto. Both her grandfather, Charles Young, and her great-uncle, Anthony Young, were notable organists and composers. She also had three famous aunts who were all notable singers. Her aunt Cecilia (1712–1789) was one of the greatest English sopranos of the 18th century and the wife of composer Thomas Arne. Their son, Michael Arne, was also a successful composer. Her aunt Isabella was a successful soprano and the wife of composer John Frederick Lampe, while her aunt Esther was a well-known contralto and wife to Charles Jones, a successful music publisher in England during the 18th century.\n\nYoung was a child prodigy and began performing as a singer and harpsichordist at a young age. In 1755, at the age of 6, she travelled to Ireland with her aunt Cecilia and her husband Thomas Arne. While there she performed for Dublin audiences in Arne's opera Eliza, impressing them with her singing \"perfectly in Time and Tune\". The trip, however, was somewhat ill-fated as the Arnes' marital problems came to a head, partly arising from a dispute over Young's education, and Thomas left his wife. Young remained in Ireland with Mrs Arne for the next seven years where she studied music with her aunt and performed in concert and on the stage in Dublin. In 1758 Mrs. Arne's friend Mrs Delany wrote \"the race of Youngs are born songsters and musicians\" after hearing Young play the harpsichord. She notably portrayed the role of Ariel in William Shakespeare's The Tempest at the Smock Alley Theatre in 1761. Playwright John O'Keeffe was particularly taken by her performance and complimented her on her \"charming face and small figure\".\n\nIn September 1762 Young returned to London to make her début on the London stage at the Covent Garden theatre where she sang and played the harpsichord between acts. The Theatrical Review commented on her charming, innocent appearance: \"Her performance on the harpsichord, is equal to her excellence in singing\". Young continued to perform in this way at Covent Garden for the next two seasons and then went on to sing minor parts with the Italian opera company at the King's Theatre in the autumn of 1764. While there she met the French violinist and composer François-Hippolyte Barthélémon, who was the leader of the company's orchestra. The two became romantically involved soon after and Young married Barthélemon in December 1766.\n\nFollowing her marriage, Young mostly appeared in performances with her husband at the Italian opera, in oratorios and in performances at the pleasure gardens. Young also began to compose and publish music; most notably a set of six sonatas for harpsichord or piano and violin was published in 1776 under the name Maria Barthélemon. The Barthélemons travelled to Ireland to perform fairly often and had a highly successful tour of Europe in 1776–77. While on tour, Young sang in her husband's oratorio Jefte in Florence and gave concerts before Marie Antoinette and her sister Maria Carolina of Austria, the de facto Queen of Naples. The Barthélemons' daughter, Cecilia Maria, also sang in these performances. The family continued to prosper after returning to London in 1777, giving numerous lauded concerts in venues throughout the city.\n\nIn the 1780s the Barthélemons' careers became less successful and they found work increasingly hard to get. Young complained in a letter to The Morning Post on 2 November 1784 that she was refused engagements, styling herself \"an English Woman, of an unblemished reputation\". Regardless, the Barthélemons managed to scrape by and were never outside of the important music circles in London. Haydn visited the couple while he was in England in 1792. In May of that year he accompanied Young in airs by Handel and Sacchini in a London concert.\n\nIn 1786 Young published a set of six English and Italian songs, Op. 2. Subsequently the Barthélemons began attending the chapel at the Asylum for Female Orphans which was near their home in Vauxhall. While there they became heavily influenced by the Swedenborgian preacher Duché. This influence led Young to compose and publish a number of hymns and anthems. In 1795 she composed three hymns and three anthems (Op. 3) for use at the Magdalen Chapels and the Asylum. That same year she composed The Weaver's Prayer for a benefit concert that raised money to help unemployed weavers and an ode on the preservation of the king (Op. 5) that used words by Baroness Nolcken, another Swedenborgian.\n\nWorks\n 6 Sonatas for Keyboard and Violin, Op.1 (1776)\n 6 English and Italian Songs, Op.2 (1786)\n 3 Hymns and 3 Anthems, Op.3 (1795)\n The Weaver's Prayer, Op.4 (1795)\n Ode on the Preservation of the King, Op.5 (1795)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1749 births\n1799 deaths\nPeople from Covent Garden\nPolly\nEnglish opera singers\nEnglish sopranos\nEnglish classical composers\nClassical-period composers\nWomen classical composers\n18th-century English people\n18th-century classical composers\n19th-century women composers\n18th-century women composers\n18th-century English women\n19th-century English women\n19th-century English people", "The Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network is a Pontifical Society of the Catholic Church, which encourages Catholics to prayer and action as part of the church's universal mission. The Network provides monthly prayer intentions determined by the Pope. It is particularly inspired by devotions to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and its compassion for the world.\n\nFounded in 1844 as the Apostleship of Prayer and renamed in 2016, this ecclesiastic service became a pontifical work in March 2018 when Pope Francis approved the new statutes. In December 2020, the Pope constituted this Pontifical Society as a Vatican Foundation. Today the PWPN, which includes the branch specifically dedicated to young people aged between seven and 18: the Eucharistic Youth Movement (EYM), is present in 89 countries with a membership of more than 22 million Catholics worldwide.\n\nThe International Director of the PWPN is Frédéric Fornos, SJ, who was appointed in 2016.\n\nHistory: The Apostleship of Prayer\n\nThe beginnings \nThe Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network, originally called the Apostleship of Prayer, was founded in 1844 in the south of France; in a house of formation for young Jesuits in Vals-près-le-Puy. The initiative was first proposed by a Jesuit priest, Francis Xavier Gautrelet, who at the time was spiritual director to the students. On the eve of the feast day of Saint Francis Xavier (2 December 1844), he outlined the original idea to them in a meditation. This initiative was later to develop into the Apostleship of Prayer, and now today, into the Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network.\n\nThe concrete practice that Father Gautrelet suggested to his students to keep this spirit alive was a prayer every morning to offer up the day.\n\nFurther developments \nIn 1861, Jesuit Father Henri Ramière provided a new dynamism for the Apostleship and framed this proposal in a missionary perspective: devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. It was Father Ramiére who formalized and structured the Apostleship of Prayer; and thus he is considered, after Father Gautrelet, a second founder. By that time the Apostleship already had 13 million members.\n\nThe practices of the Apostleship of Prayer spread widely among local farmers and young Christians in the countryside around Vals-près-le-Puy. In just a few years, this prayer proposal gained popularity throughout the country and reached millions of followers worldwide. Apostleship of Prayer groups formed in Catholic parishes and institutions while the original idea took on a visible structured form as an ecclesiastic association.\n\nThe Pope’s prayer intentions \n\nBetween 1890 and 1896, Pope Leo XIII became interested in participating in this immense network of Catholics offering their lives and their dedication to spiritually support the mission of the Church. He incorporated the Apostleship as a special mission of the Pope and entrusted the association to the Society of Jesus in the person of the Father General. Furthermore, he began to commend a monthly prayer intention to the Apostleship of Prayer where he expressed his concerns and asked all Catholics to pray for them.\n\nThe process of recreation: the Pope’s Worldwide Prayer Network \nFrom 2010 onwards, a process of reflection and discernment commenced with the participation of national directors and coordinators in order to accommodate the Apostleship of Prayer to today's world. The proposal presented to Pope Francis in 2014 suggested the introduction of the “Pope’s Worldwide Prayer Network”, which was finally established in 2015 with a new logo.\n\nOn Sunday 8 January 2017, during the Angelus in St Peters Square, Pope Francis used the new name for the first time when he urged the faithful the world over to unite with him in prayer.“I would also like to invite you to join in the Pope’s Worldwide Prayer Network, which spreads, also through social networks, the prayer intentions I propose for the Church each month. In this way, the Apostleship of Prayer moves forward and communion grows”.Then in 2018, Pope Francis declared the Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network, formerly known as the Apostleship of Prayer, a pontifical work with official headquarters in the State of the City of the Vatican. In December 2020, the Pope constituted this Pontifical Society as a Vatican Foundation.\n\nThe 175th Anniversary \nOn 28 June 2019, Pope Francis welcomed a delegation of his Worldwide Prayer Network to the Vatican on the 175th anniversary of the founding of the original Apostleship of Prayer. More than 6,000 delegates attended, along with another 7,500 members following on Facebook live.\n\nThe Holy See announced on 3 December 2020 that the Pope had established the Worldwide Prayer Network Foundation as an entity with juridical identity.\n\nThe Eucharistic Youth Movement \nThe Eucharistic Youth Movement (EYM) is the youth branch of the Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network. The EYM helps its members (aged seven to 18) to deepen their relationship with Jesus according to the Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius.\n\nThe origins of the EYM go back to 1914, when the International Eucharist Congress of Lourdes called for “a great Eucharistic league of the very young, who from childhood onwards would reawaken a general movement towards Holy Communion.\" Beginning at that Eucharistic Congress, groups known as “Eucharistic leagues” or “Children’s Prayer Crusades” were formed. Some of these were connected to the Apostleship of Prayer. The Eucharistic Crusade (founded 1915) was originally part of the Bordeaux Crusade; now it is part of EYM.\n\nInitiatives and projects \nThe renewal process for the Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network strives to increase access to digital communication in order to reach young people. Consequently, several media initiatives and apps were launched.\n\nClick To Pray \n\nClick To Pray, launched on March 4, 2016, is an app to help people pray the Pope's monthly intentions. The app also offers teaching aids for daily prayer and coordinates the prayer intentions of millions through the “wall of prayer”. Click To Pray is available in seven languages and is present on most social media. It also has its own blog and newsletter.\n\nThe Pope Video \n\nThe Pope Video is an initiative which seeks to share the Pope's monthly prayer intentions. In a monthly video, the Pope faces the camera to ask for prayers. The first video was launched in January 2016. It has its own website.\n\nClick To Pray eRosary \nClick To Pray eRosary is an application in five languages. It encourages people to pray the rosary for peace in the world. The app was launched in October 2019.\n\nThe Way of the Heart \nThe Way of the Heart is an application and website in Spanish which offers digital books connected to the Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network.\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\nApostleship of Prayer | U.S. Website\nYouth and Young Adult Ministry of the Apostleship of Prayer in the U.S.\nApostleship of Prayer | International Website\nApostleship of Prayer Collection at the University of Dayton Archives\n\nReligious organizations established in 1844\nCatholic organizations established in the 19th century\n1844 establishments in France\nChristian missionary societies\nAssociations of the Christian faithful" ]

[ "Panda Bear (musician)", "Solo work", "What was his solo work like?", "has been variously characterized as experimental pop, electronic, bedroom pop, neo-psychedelic pop, and indie rock.", "What was an album he cut during his solo work?", "Lennox's debut album Panda Bear was released in 1999", "What singles came from that album?", "I don't know.", "Did he tour solo?", "After focusing more on touring and recording with Animal Collective, he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004", "Was Young Prayer successful?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Alan Ko (), also known as Alan Kuo or Alan Ke, is a Taiwanese singer and actor.\n\nCareer \nKo is the son of the late Taiwanese stuntman/actor, Blackie Ko Shou Liang and his wife Sung Lai Wah. For his father, he had written two songs, each in one of his albums in the same number of track. \"Wake Up\" and \"I Miss You\", these two songs shows his relationship with his father, how much his father had changed him. Before actually starting to receive the chance to release his first album he went through a lot of hard work.\n\nKo was initially a guitarist who had minimal experience writing songs and lyrics. He first entered Alpha Music in 1999, where he worked as a host under Jacky Wu's branch of artists before quitting in 2002. Ko was eventually mentored as he befriended Jay Chou, who told him that he should know how to write his own songs, so that people would want to listen to his music. Ko began to write more as a lyricist, including styles of R&B, rock music, rap, pop music and various genres. Ko's music director required him to edit and edit his songs, every year, every month, every week, and every day. Ko pushed harder on working on his songs for perfection despite his courage being challenged. Within six years of preparation, Ko eventually selected the best 12 songs for all the people anticipating for his music.\n\nKo's father died of an accident in 2003, but it did not stop him nor did he wanted to be like his father, and insisted on going his own route. Prior to his death, his father told Ko \"to achieve success and not let him down, or else he would not acknowledge Ko as a son\". On August 19, 2005, Alan Kuo's first album came out with 12 songs and gained heavy support by famous Hong Kong singer/actor, Jacky Cheung.\n\nSince then, Ko acted in various shows and films.\n\nPersonal life \nIn 2007, Ko changed his Chinese name from 柯有倫 to 柯有綸 even though he switched his name back to 柯有倫 again in 2011.\n\nIn 2018, he married his wife Donna (朵拉), whom he has known for 20 years. The couple were married in Hong Kong. The couple also have a daughter, born in August 2020.\n\nDiscography\n\nAlbums\n\nFilmography\n\nTV series \n K.O.3an Guo\n Sonic Youth\n Y2K+01\n Mars\n Sweet Relationship (2007)\n OCTB (2017)\n\nMovies \n The Legend Of Wisely (1987)\n Life Express (2002)\n Happy Feet (2006) (Dub)\n Fate (2008)\n L-O-V-E (2009)\n Goodbye May (2011)\n Din Tao: Leader of the Parade (2012)\n Fearless (2012)\n Hakka Love You (2012)\n The Rooftop (2013)\n Rhythm of the Rain (2013)\n Rookie (2015)\n My Egg Boy (2016)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n ALAN in SONY MUSIC\n Alan Kuo in YesAsia\n Alan's Yahoo Blog\n\n1981 births\nLiving people\nTaiwanese singer-songwriters\nTaiwanese male film actors\nTaiwanese male television actors\nTaiwanese male voice actors\nMusicians from Taipei\nMale actors from Taipei\n21st-century Taiwanese male actors\n21st-century Taiwanese male singers", "\"Johnny Carson\" is a song by American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1977 album The Beach Boys Love You. It was written by Brian Wilson as a tribute to one of his idols, Johnny Carson. The recording features Mike Love on lead vocals, accompanied by an arrangement of synthesizers, organ, and piano.\n\nInspiration\n\n\"Johnny Carson\" expresses admiration for the host of the late-night television talk show, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, and extols his ability to be a consistent entertainer. In 1977, Wilson wrote of the origins for the song:\n\nConversely, in a later interview, Wilson explained that he wrote the song after overhearing another person in the room talk about Carson. \"I told them I was gonna write a song about him and they didn't believe me. I had the whole thing done in twenty minutes.\"\n\nWilson's 1991 memoir, Wouldn't It Be Nice: My Own Story, credits the impetus for the song to his psychologist, Eugene Landy. It states that Landy suggested and helped Wilson write a song about Carson in order for Wilson to overcome his fear of appearing on The Tonight Show.\n\nReception\nBiographer Peter Ames Carlin referred to the track as the album's \"pivot point\", one that \"separates the normal from the freakishly bizarre.\"\n\nAsked about the song in a 1979 interview, Carson answered, \"Sure I heard it. Someone sent it over to the office. I don't think it was a big seller. I think they just did it for the fun of it. It was not a work of art.\"\n\nSee also\n \"Brian Wilson\" (song)\n\nReferences\n\n1977 songs\nThe Beach Boys songs\nSongs written by Brian Wilson\nSong recordings produced by Brian Wilson\nSongs based on actual events\nSongs about comedians\nSongs about celebrities\nSongs about presenters" ]

[ "Panda Bear (musician)", "Solo work", "What was his solo work like?", "has been variously characterized as experimental pop, electronic, bedroom pop, neo-psychedelic pop, and indie rock.", "What was an album he cut during his solo work?", "Lennox's debut album Panda Bear was released in 1999", "What singles came from that album?", "I don't know.", "Did he tour solo?", "After focusing more on touring and recording with Animal Collective, he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004", "Was Young Prayer successful?", "I don't know.", "Did he write his own songs?", "he played three shows consisting almost entirely of new material." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Panda Bear (musician)", "Solo work", "What was his solo work like?", "has been variously characterized as experimental pop, electronic, bedroom pop, neo-psychedelic pop, and indie rock.", "What was an album he cut during his solo work?", "Lennox's debut album Panda Bear was released in 1999", "What singles came from that album?", "I don't know.", "Did he tour solo?", "After focusing more on touring and recording with Animal Collective, he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004", "Was Young Prayer successful?", "I don't know.", "Did he write his own songs?", "he played three shows consisting almost entirely of new material.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "My favorite songs are the ones where I worked really really fast on, when it comes all out in like two hours or something.\"" ]

[ "\"What Would You Do (If Jesus Came to Your House)\" is a country gospel song, written by Yolanda Adams, Errol McCalla Jr., Jonathan Broussard and Marcus Ecby, and popularized in 1956 by up-and-coming country singer Porter Wagoner.\n\nWagoner's version reached No. 8 on the Billboard country charts in the spring of 1956, and was the higher of two competing chart versions released that year. Also in 1956, another up-and-coming country singer, Red Sovine, released his own version on Decca Records, which peaked at No. 15. For Sovine, although the main chorus – What would you do/if Jesus came to your house/to spend some time with you – is sung, it was one of his first songs that were spoken, as most of his later well-known songs were.\n\nChart performance\n\nPorter Wagoner version\n\nRed Sovine version\n\nReferences\n\n1956 singles\nPorter Wagoner songs\nRCA Records singles\nDecca Records singles\n1956 songs\nSong recordings produced by Stephen H. Sholes", "\"What a Night\" is a song performed by British band, Loveable Rogues. It was their debut single and was intended to feature on a debut album. The single was released in Ireland and the United Kingdom on 19 April 2013. The band were dropped from Syco in October 2013, but the single was featured on their debut album This and That, released in 2014 on Super Duper Records.\n\nBackground\nLoveable Rogues first announced that they're signed to Syco on June, 2012. In late 2012, the band released a free mixtape through their Soundcloud channel. The collection of songs was released as a free download and was called 'First Things First'. \"What A Night\" was previewed along with new songs such as \"Maybe Baby\", \"Talking Monkeys\" and \"Honest\".\n\nMusic video\n\nTwo teaser videos were released before the music video. The first teaser video was uploaded to their Vevo channel on 11 February 2013. The second teaser released two days after or a week before the music video released; on 19 February 2013, the music video was uploaded to their Vevo channel.\nThe video features the band having a night party with their friends.\n\nChart performance\n\"What a Night\" debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 9 on 27 April 2013 after debuting at number 5 on the UK Singles Chart Update.\n\nTrack listing\nDigital download\n What a Night - 2:50\n Nuthouse - 3:58\n What a Night (feat. Lucky Mason) Sonny J Mason Remix] - 3:41\n What a Night (Supasound Radio Remix) - 2:42\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2013 debut singles\n2013 songs\nSyco Music singles\nSong recordings produced by Red Triangle (production team)\nSongs written by Rick Parkhouse\nSongs written by George Tizzard" ]

[ "Panda Bear (musician)", "Solo work", "What was his solo work like?", "has been variously characterized as experimental pop, electronic, bedroom pop, neo-psychedelic pop, and indie rock.", "What was an album he cut during his solo work?", "Lennox's debut album Panda Bear was released in 1999", "What singles came from that album?", "I don't know.", "Did he tour solo?", "After focusing more on touring and recording with Animal Collective, he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004", "Was Young Prayer successful?", "I don't know.", "Did he write his own songs?", "he played three shows consisting almost entirely of new material.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "My favorite songs are the ones where I worked really really fast on, when it comes all out in like two hours or something.\"", "What were some singles that were released?", "The single \"Tomboy\" and the b-side \"Slow Motion" ]

[ "This is a discography of albums by Namibian musician The Dogg. The Dogg began his professional music career in 2003. He released two solo studio albums in 2004.\n\nAlbums\n\nSolo\n\nCollaboration/compilation\n\nProduction discography\nBelow is list of albums on which The Dogg has produced.\n\nAwards \nBelow is a list of awards by The Dogg. The Dogg has participated in professional awards since the inception of his career in 2003. He holds more awards than any other Namibian musician. He has won the Sanlam-NBC Music Awards \"Artist of the Year\" award 4 times.\n\nNotes\n\nHip hop discographies\nDiscographies of Namibian artists", "Abdul Raheeda Hodge (born September 9, 1983) is a former American football linebacker. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the third round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at Iowa.\n\nEarly years\nWhen he was young, Hodge lived in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and attended Boyd Anderson High School (the same school as college teammate offensive lineman David Walker) where he won \nfour letters in football, two in track, and one in basketball. In football, he was a three-year starter, a three time team captain.\n\nAs a junior, he was a first team All-County honoree and a third team All-State.\n\nAs a senior, Hodge played linebacker for a 9-3 team that reached the state semi-finals. he was selected as an All-American by SuperPrep, First-team All-State and All-Conference. He was also named Broward County MVP on defense. Team had a 22-10 record during his last three years\n\nIn his career, Hodge recorded a total of 308 career tackles, 22 sacks and six interceptions. He also had eight fumble recoveries and fumbles turned for touchdowns. He had over 100 tackles in each of his final three prep seasons. Hodge's best time of 4.5 seconds in the 40-yard dash.\n\nCollege career\nHodge attended the University of Iowa, where he majored in communication studies and was a member of the National Honor Society. He was also one of five seniors selected to the 2005 Leadership Council.\n\nAs a freshman in 2001, Hodge red-shirted for the season.\n\nIn 2002, Hodge played in all 13 games. He recorded three solo tackles and three assists in opening week win over Akron. He played on special teams against Iowa State but had no statistics. He had two solo tackles and two assists in win over Utah State. Hodge had one assists in win at Penn State. He had six solo tackles and two assists in win over Purdue. Hodge recorded one solo tackle in win over Michigan State. He recorded two solo tackles in win at Indiana. Hodge recorded five solo tackles in win at Michigan. He saw action in win over Wisconsin, primarily on special teams, but had no statistics. Hodge had five solo tackles in win over Northwestern, including one quarterback sack and a quarterback pressure. He saw action in win at Minnesota, however had no statistics. Hodge recorded four solo tackles and two assists against USC in Orange Bowl.\n\nIn 2003, Hodge started all 13 games of the season at middle linebacker. He recorded five solo tackles and two assists in opening week win over Miami, OH, including one tackle for loss. He recorded five solo tackles in win over Buffalo, including one quarterback sack. Hodge recorded 10 solo tackles and five assists in win at Iowa State, he also had three tackles for loss and one quarterback sack and caused a fumble. Hodge recorded eight solo tackles and seven assists in win over Arizona State. He recorded six solo tackles, one assist and one tackle for loss at Michigan State. Hodge then recorded three solo tackles and 10 assists in win over Michigan. He recorded eight solo tackles and eight assists for career high 16 tackles at Ohio State, he also had two tackles for loss and a pass break-up. Hodge recorded five solo tackles in win over Penn State, he also had a 47-yard fumble return and had one pass break-up. He recorded seven solo tackles and two assists in win over Illinois and had a fumble recovery for the second straight game. Hodge recorded seven solo tackles and four assists at Purdue, including one tackle for a loss of four yards. He recorded nine solo tackles, seven assists and one pass break-up in win over Minnesota. Hodge recorded seven solo tackles and seven assists in win at Wisconsin. He recorded four solo tackles and four assists in Outback Bowl win over Florida.\n\nIn 2004, Hodge started all 12 games at linebacker. His season totals included 116 tackles, including 79 solo and 37 assists, he also had 4.5 tackles for loss and three QB sacks, four pass break-ups, two fumble recoveries and one forced fumble.\n\nIn the opening week win over Kent State, Hodge recorded two solo tackles and a forced fumble. In the win over Iowa State, Hodge led team with 12 total tackles, including eight solo. At Arizona State Hodge recorded seven solo tackles to reach 200 for his career. At Michigan he recorded 10 tackles, including seven solo and three assists, along with one recovered fumble. In win over Michigan State, Hodge recorded 12 tackles, including six solo and six assists, along with one pass break-up. In win over Ohio State, he led the team with 12 tackles, including nine solo, and added one tackle for loss and one pass break-up. In win at Penn State, Hodge recorded seven solo tackles and four assists, and with one pass break-up. In the win at Illinois, Hodge recorded three solo tackles, six assists and one pass break-up. In the win over Purdue, he recorded six solo tackles, one assist and one quarterback pressure. In win at Minnesota, Hodge recorded eight tackles, including seven solo, he also had one tackle for loss and recovered one fumble, his second of the season. In the win over Wisconsin to clinch a share of the Big Ten title, Hodge led the team with 11 tackles, including seven solo. Hodge set a Capital One Bowl record in 2005 with 16 tackles against LSU.\n\nIn 2005, Hodge was named to several pre-season awards watchlists, including: the Bronko Nagurski Trophy watch list, the Lott Trophy watch list, the Dick Butkus Award watch list, the Bednarik Award watch list. He was also named first team defensive All-America by Phil Steele's College Football Preview, second team All-America by Athlon Sports, second team All-America by Rivals.com, third team All-America by Nationalchamps.net, No. 4 inside linebacker by The Sporting News, first team All-Big Ten by Athlon Sports, first team All-Big Ten by collegefootballnews.com, first team All-Big Ten by Rivals.com, sixth best player in Big Ten by collegefootballnews.com, and third team All-America by collegesportsreport.com.\n\nFor 2005, Hodge was listed as first the team linebacker following spring practice. Hodge started at linebacker in opening week win over Ball State. He recorded two tackles while seeing limited action. Hodge, started at linebacker at Iowa State. He tied for team lead at ISU with 13 tackles, including 12 solo and one tackle for loss. Hodge started at linebacker in win over Northern Iowa Panthers, recording 16 tackles, including seven solo, and one recovered fumble. At Ohio State, Hodge recorded four solo tackles, five assists and a forced fumble. In the win over Illinois he recorded a career-best 18 tackles, including 11 solo, to earn Big Ten Defensive Player of the week honors. He also had three tackles for loss and a forced fumble. At Purdue he recorded two solo tackles and two assists, with one tackle for loss. Against Indiana he recorded 11 solo tackles and seven assists, with one tackle for loss. Against Michigan, Hodge recorded 20 tackles, including 14 solo, one tackle for loss and a forced fumble. At Northwestern Hodge led team with 12 tackles, including six solo, one tackle for loss and one QB pressure. At Wisconsin, Hodge recorded three solo tackles and five assists, including two tackles for loss. Against Minnesota Hodge recorded 13 solo tackles and six assists. Against Florida in the 2006 Outback Bowl, Hodge set an Iowa bowl record and Outback Bowl record with 19 tackles, including 14 solo, he also had one tackle for loss.\n\nHodges 158 total tackles in 2005 ranks second best at Iowa for a single season.\n\nWhile at Iowa, he led the Big Ten and ranked third in the nation in tackles per game, ranked third in the nation in solo tackles per game, tied for fifth in the Big Ten in forced fumbles, and tied for ninth in recovered fumbles. Hodege ranks third in career tackles with 453.\n\nProfessional career\n\nGreen Bay Packers\nHodge was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the 3rd round (67th overall) of the 2006 NFL Draft. He scored his first NFL touchdown on a fumble recovery during his first career start against the Seattle Seahawks on November 27, 2006.\n\nIn 2007, Hodge was placed on injured reserve due to a knee injury. Hodge changed his number from 55 to his old college number of 52. He underwent surgery on both knees in an attempt to return to the club in 2008.\n\nHodge was cut by the Packers on August 30, 2008 during final cuts.\n\nCincinnati Bengals\nHodge was signed to the practice squad of the Cincinnati Bengals on September 16, 2008. On October 3, he was promoted to the active roster after the team waived cornerback Simeon Castille. Hodge appeared in six games for the Bengals, recording three tackles, before being placed on injured reserve with an arm injury on November 17. The Bengals cut Hodge on September 4, 2010.\n\nCarolina Panthers \nThe Carolina Panthers signed Hodge on October 27, 2010. He appeared in five games for the Panthers.\n\nCareer Stats\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nCincinnati Bengals bio\n\nIowa Hawkeyes bio\n\n1983 births\nLiving people\nPeople from Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands\nUnited States Virgin Islands players of American football\nAmerican football linebackers\nAfrican-American Muslims\nIowa Hawkeyes football players\nGreen Bay Packers players\nCincinnati Bengals players\nCarolina Panthers players\nPlayers of American football from Fort Lauderdale, Florida" ]

[ "Loki (comics)", "Journey into Mystery" ]

[ "Býleistr (Old Norse: ; also Byleist) is the brother of Loki in Norse mythology.\n\nName \nThe meaning of the Old Norse name is uncertain. The most popular propositions are compounds formed with the word ('storm'), either as ('storm-relieving'), ('storm-flasher'), or ('violent storm').\n\nVarious forms are attested in the manuscripts of the Prose Edda: 'Býleistr' (Codices Regius and Wormianus), 'Blýleistr' (Codex Trajectinus), or 'Býleiptr' (Codex Upsaliensis).\n\nAttestations \nAlthough there is no action involving Býleistr in the original sources, Loki is frequently called by the kenning 'Byleist's brother' (bróðir Býleists), such as in Völuspá (51), Hyndluljóð (40), or Skáldskaparmál (16).\n\nIn both Gylfaginning (34) and Skáldskaparmál, Snorri Sturluson explicitly states that Byleist is, along with Helblindi, one of Loki's two brothers.\n\nBased on this relation, a number of scholars have considered Býleistr to be a son of Fárbauti and his consort Laufey. However, his exact role in the ancient mythic complex surrounding Loki's family remains unclear.\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography \n\n \n\nJötnar", "Loki is a god in Norse mythology. According to some sources, Loki is the son of Fárbauti (a jötunn) and Laufey (mentioned as a goddess), and the brother of Helblindi and Býleistr. Loki is married to Sigyn and they have a son, Narfi and/or Nari. By the jötunn Angrboða, Loki is the father of Hel, the wolf Fenrir, and the world serpent Jörmungandr. Loki, in the form of a mare, was impregnated by the stallion Svaðilfari and gave birth to the eight-legged horse Sleipnir. Loki is referred to as the father of Váli in Prose Edda, though this source also refers to Odin as the father of Váli twice, and Váli is found mentioned as a son of Loki only once.\n\nLoki's relation with the gods varies by source; Loki sometimes assists the gods and sometimes behaves maliciously towards them. Loki is a shape shifter and in separate incidents appears in the form of a salmon, a mare, a fly, and possibly an elderly woman named Þökk (Old Norse 'thanks'). Loki's positive relations with the gods end with his role in engineering the death of the god Baldr, and eventually, Váli binds Loki with the entrails of one of his sons. In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda, the goddess Skaði is responsible for placing a serpent above him while he is bound. The serpent drips venom from above him that Sigyn collects into a bowl; however, she must empty the bowl when it is full, and the venom that drips in the meantime causes Loki to writhe in pain, thereby causing earthquakes. With the onset of Ragnarök, Loki is foretold to slip free from his bonds and to fight against the gods among the forces of the jötnar, at which time he will encounter the god Heimdallr, and the two will slay each other.\n\nLoki is referred to in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson; the Norwegian Rune Poems, in the poetry of skalds, and in Scandinavian folklore. Loki may be depicted on the Snaptun Stone, the Kirkby Stephen Stone, and the Gosforth Cross. Scholars have debated Loki's origins and role in Norse mythology, which some have described as that of a trickster god. Loki has been depicted in or is referenced in a variety of media in modern popular culture.\n\nEtymology and alternative names\nThe etymology of the name Loki has been extensively debated. The name has at times been associated with the Old Norse word logi ('flame'), but there seems not to be a sound linguistic basis for this. Rather, the later Scandinavian variants of the name (such as Faroese Lokki, Danish Lokkemand, Norwegian Loke and Lokke, Swedish Luki and Luku) point to an origin in the Germanic root *luk-, which denoted things to do with loops (like knots, hooks, closed-off rooms, and locks). This corresponds with usages such as the Swedish lockanät and Faroese lokkanet ('cobweb', literally 'Lokke's web') and Faroese lokki~grindalokki~grindalokkur, 'daddy-long-legs' referring both to crane flies and harvestmen, modern Swedish lockespindlar (\"Locke-spiders\"). Some Eastern Swedish traditions referring to the same figure use forms in n- like Nokk(e), but this corresponds to the *luk- etymology insofar as those dialects consistently used a different root, Germanic *hnuk-, in contexts where western varieties used *luk-: \"nokke corresponds to nøkkel\" ('key' in Eastern Scandinavian) \"as loki~lokke to lykil\" ('key' in Western Scandinavian).\n\nWhile it has been suggested that this association with closing could point to Loki's apocalyptic role at Ragnarök, \"there is quite a bit of evidence that Loki in premodern society was thought to be the causer of knots/tangles/loops, or himself a knot/tangle/loop. Hence, it is natural that Loki is the inventor of the fishnet, which consists of loops and knots, and that the word loki (lokke, lokki, loke, luki) is a term for makers of cobwebs: spiders and the like.\" Though not prominent in the oldest sources, this identity as a \"tangler\" may be the etymological meaning of Loki's name.\n\nIn various poems from the Poetic Edda (stanza 2 of Lokasenna, stanza 41 of Hyndluljóð, and stanza 26 of Fjölsvinnsmál), and sections of the Prose Edda (chapter 32 of Gylfaginning, stanza 8 of Haustlöng, and stanza 1 of Þórsdrápa) Loki is alternatively referred to as Loptr, which is generally considered derived from Old Norse lopt meaning \"air\", and therefore points to an association with the air.\n\nThe name Hveðrungr (Old Norse '?roarer') is also used in reference to Loki, occurring in names for Hel (such as in Ynglingatal, where she is called hveðrungs mær) and in reference to Fenrir (as in Völuspa).\n\nAttestations\n\nPoetic Edda\nIn the Poetic Edda, Loki appears (or is referenced) in the poems Völuspá, Lokasenna, Þrymskviða, Reginsmál, Baldrs draumar, and Hyndluljóð.\n\nVöluspá\nIn stanza 35 of the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá, a völva tells Odin that, among many other things, she sees Sigyn sitting very unhappily with her bound husband, Loki, under a \"grove of hot springs\". In stanza 51, during the events of Ragnarök, Loki appears free from his bonds and is referred to as the \"brother of Býleistr\" (here transcribed as Byleist):\n\nIn stanza 54, after consuming Odin and being killed by Odin's son Víðarr, Fenrir is described as \"Loki's kinsman\".\n\nLokasenna\n\nThe poem Lokasenna (Old Norse \"Loki's Flyting\") centers around Loki flyting with other gods; Loki puts forth two stanzas of insults while the receiving figure responds with a single stanza, and then another figure chimes in. The poem begins with a prose introduction detailing that Ægir, a figure associated with the sea, is hosting a feast in his hall for a number of the gods and elves. There, the gods praise Ægir's servers Fimafeng and Eldir. Loki \"could not bear to hear that\", and kills the servant Fimafeng. In response, the gods grab their shields, shrieking at Loki, and chase him out of the hall and to the woods. The gods then return to the hall, and continue drinking.\n\nEntrance and rejection\nLoki comes out of the woods, and meets Eldir outside of the hall. Loki greets Eldir (and the poem itself begins) with a demand that Eldir tell him what the gods are discussing over their ale inside the hall. Eldir responds that they discuss their \"weapons and their prowess in war\" and yet no one there has anything friendly to say about Loki. Loki says that he will go into the feast, and that, before the end of the feast, he will induce quarrelling among the gods, and \"mix their mead with malice\". Eldir responds that \"if shouting and fighting you pour out on\" to the gods, \"they'll wipe it off on you\". Loki then enters the hall, and everyone there falls silent upon noticing him.\n\nRe-entrance and insults\nBreaking the silence, Loki says that, thirsty, he had come to these halls from a long way away to ask the gods for a drink of \"the famous mead\". Calling the gods arrogant, Loki asks why they are unable to speak, and demands that they assign him a seat and a place for him at the feast, or tell him to leave. The skaldic god Bragi is the first to respond to Loki by telling him that Loki will not have a seat and place assigned to him by the gods at the feast, for the gods know what men they should invite. Loki does not respond to Bragi directly, but instead directs his attention to Odin, and states:\n\nOdin then asks his silent son Víðarr to sit up, so that Loki (here referred to as the \"wolf's father\") may sit at the feast, and so that he may not speak words of blame to the gods in Ægir's hall. Víðarr stands and pours a drink for Loki. Prior to drinking, Loki declaims a toast to the gods, with a specific exception for Bragi. Bragi responds that he will give a horse, sword, and ring from his possessions so that he does not repay the gods \"with hatred\". Loki responds that Bragi will always be short of all of these things, accusing him of being \"wary of war\" and \"shy of shooting\". Bragi responds that, were they outside of Ægir's hall, Bragi would be holding Loki's head as a reward for his lies. Loki replies that Bragi is brave when seated, calling him a \"bench-ornament\", and that Bragi would run away when troubled by an angry, spirited man.\n\nThe goddess Iðunn interrupts, asking Bragi, as a service to his relatives and adopted relatives, not to say words of blame to Loki in Ægir's hall. Loki tells Iðunn to be silent, calling her the most \"man-crazed\" of all women, and saying that she placed her washed, bright arms around her brother's slayer. Iðunn says that she will not say words of blame in Ægir's hall, and affirms that she quietened Bragi, who was made talkative by beer, and that she doesn't want the two of them to fight. The goddess Gefjun asks why the two gods must fight, saying that Loki knows that he is joking, and that \"all living things love him\". Loki responds to Gefjun by stating that Gefjun's heart was once seduced by a \"white boy\" who gave her a jewel, and who Gefjun laid her thigh over.\n\nOdin says that Loki must be insane to make Gefjun his enemy, as her wisdom about the fates of men may equal Odin's own. Loki says that Odin does a poor job in handing out honor in war to men, and that he's often given victory to the faint-hearted. Odin responds that even if this is true, Loki (in a story otherwise unattested) once spent eight winters beneath the earth as a woman milking cows, and during this time bore children. Odin declares this perverse. Loki counters that Odin once practiced seiðr (a type of sorcery) on the island of Samsey (now Samsø, Denmark), and, appearing as a wizard, traveled among mankind, which Loki condemns as perverse.\n\nFrigg, a major deity who is married to Odin, says that what Loki and Odin did in the ancient past should not be spoken of in front of others, and that ancient matters should always remain hidden. Loki brings up that Frigg is the daughter of Fjörgyn, a personification of the earth, and that she had once taken Odin's brothers Vili and Vé into her embrace. Frigg responds that if there was a boy like her now-deceased son Baldr in the hall, Loki would not be able to escape from the wrath of the gods. Loki reminds Frigg that he is responsible for the death of her son Baldr.\n\nThe goddess Freyja declares that Loki must be mad, stating that Frigg knows all fate, yet she does not speak it. Loki claims each of the gods and elves that are present have been Freyja's lover. Freyja replies that Loki is lying, that he just wants to \"yelp about wicked things\" that gods and goddesses are furious with him, and that he will go home thwarted. In response, Loki calls Freyja a malicious witch, and claims that Freyja was once astride her brother Freyr, when all of the other laughing gods surprised her and Freyja then farted. This scenario is otherwise unattested. Njörðr (Freyja and Freyr's father) says that it is harmless for a woman to have a lover or \"someone else\" beside her husband, and that what is surprising is a \"pervert god coming here who has borne children\".\n\nLoki tells Njörðr to be silent, recalling Njörðr's status as once having been a hostage from the Vanir to the Æsir during the Æsir-Vanir War, that the \"daughters of Hymir\" once used Njörðr \"as a pisspot\", urinating in his mouth (an otherwise unattested comment). Njörðr responds that this was his reward when he was sent as a hostage to the Æsir, and that he fathered his son (Freyr), whom no one hates, and is considered a prince of the Æsir. Loki tells Njörðr to maintain his moderation, and that he will not keep it secret any longer that Njörðr fathered this son with his sister (unnamed), although one would expect him to be worse than he turned out.\n\nThe god Tyr defends Freyr, to which Loki replies that Tyr should be silent, for Tyr cannot \"deal straight with people\", and points out that it was Loki's son, the wolf Fenrir, who tore Tyr's hand off. (According to the prose introduction to the poem Tyr is now one-handed from having his arm bitten off by Loki's son Fenrir while Fenrir was bound.) Tyr responds that while he may have lost a hand, Loki has lost the wolf, and trouble has come to them both. Further, that Fenrir must now wait in shackles until the onset of Ragnarök. Loki tells Tyr to be silent a second time, and states that Tyr's wife (otherwise unattested) had a son by Loki, and that Tyr never received any compensation for this \"injury\", further calling him a \"wretch\".\n\nFreyr himself interrupts at this point, and says that he sees a wolf lying before a river mouth, and that, unless Loki is immediately silent, like the wolf, Loki shall also be bound until Ragnarök. Loki retorts that Freyr purchased his consort Gerðr with gold, having given away his sword, which he will lack at Ragnarök. Byggvir (referred to in the prose introduction to the poem as a servant of Freyr) says that if he had as noble a lineage and as an honorable a seat as Freyr, he would grind down Loki, and make all of his limbs lame. Loki refers to Byggvir in terms of a dog, and says that Byggvir is always found at Freyr's ears, or twittering beneath a grindstone. Byggvir says that he is proud to be here by all the gods and men, and that he is said to be speedy. Loki tells him to be silent, that Byggvir does not know how to apportion food among men, and that he hides among the straw and dais when men go to battle.\n\nThe god Heimdallr says that Loki is drunk and witless, and asks Loki why he won't stop speaking. Loki tells Heimdallr to be silent, that he was fated a \"hateful life\", that Heimdallr must always have a muddy back, and serve as watchman of the gods. The goddess Skaði says that while Loki now appears light-hearted and \"playing\" with his \"tail-wagging\", he will soon be bound with his ice-cold son's guts on a sharp rock by the gods. Loki says that, even if this is his fate, that he was \"first and foremost\" with the other gods at the killing of Skaði's father, Þjazi. Skaði says that, with these events in mind, \"baneful advice\" will always come from her \"sanctuaries and plains\" to Loki. Loki says that Skaði was once gentler in speech to him (referring to himself as the \"son of Laufey\") when Skaði once invited him to her bed (an event that is unattested elsewhere), and that such events must be mentioned if they are to recall \"shameful deeds\".\n\nSif goes forth and pours Loki a glass of mead into a crystal cup in a prose narrative. Continuing the poem, Sif welcomes Loki and invites him to take a crystal cup filled with ancient mead, and says that among the children of the Æsir, she is singularly blameless. Loki \"takes the horn\", drinks it, and says that she would be, if it were so, and states that Sif and Loki had been lovers, despite her marriage to Thor (an affair that is otherwise unattested). Beyla (referred to in the prose introduction to the poem as a servant of Freyr) says that all of the mountains are shaking, that she thinks Thor must be on his way home, and when Thor arrives he will bring peace to those that quarrel there. Loki tells Beyla to be silent, that she is \"much imbued with malice\", that no worse woman has ever been among the \"Æsir's children\", and calling her a bad \"serving-wench\".\n\nThe arrival of Thor and the bondage of Loki\n\nThor arrives, and tells Loki to be silent, referring to him as an \"evil creature\", stating that with his hammer Mjöllnir he will silence Loki by hammering his head from his shoulders. Acknowledging that Thor has arrived, Loki asks Thor why he is raging, and says that Thor will not be so bold to fight against the wolf when he swallows Odin at Ragnarök. Thor again tells Loki to be silent, and threatens him with Mjöllnir, adding that he will throw Loki \"up on the roads to the east\", and thereafter no one will be able to see Loki. Loki states that Thor should never brag of his journeys to the east, claiming that there Thor crouched cowering in the thumb of a glove, mockingly referring to him as a \"hero\", and adding that such behaviour was unlike Thor. Thor responds by telling Loki to be silent, threatening him with Mjöllnir, and adding that every one of Loki's bones will be broken with it. Loki says he intends to live for a long while yet despite Thor's threats, and taunts Thor about an encounter Thor once had with the Skrýmir (Útgarða-Loki in disguise). Thor again commands Loki to be silent, threatens Loki with Mjöllnir, and says he will send Loki to Hel, below the gates of Nágrind.\n\nIn response to Thor, Loki says that he \"spoke before the Æsir\", and \"before the sons of the Æsir\" what his \"spirit urged\" him to say, yet before Thor alone he will leave, as he knows that Thor does strike. Loki ends the poetic verses of Lokasenna with a final stanza:\n\nFollowing this final stanza a prose section details that after Loki left the hall, he disguised himself as a salmon and hid in the waterfall of Franangrsfors, where the Æsir caught him. The narrative continues that Loki was bound with the entrails of his son Nari, and his son Narfi changed into a wolf. Skaði fastened a venomous snake over Loki's face, and from it poison dripped. Sigyn, his spouse, sat with him holding a basin beneath the dripping venom, yet when the basin became full, she carried the poison away; and during this time the poison dripped on to Loki, causing him to writhe with such violence that all of the earth shook from the force, resulting in what are now known as earthquakes.\n\nÞrymskviða\n\nIn the poem Þrymskviða, Thor wakes and finds that his powerful hammer, Mjöllnir, is missing. Thor turns to Loki first, and tells him that nobody knows that the hammer has been stolen. The two then go to the court of the goddess Freyja, and Thor asks her if he may borrow her feather cloak so that he may attempt to find Mjöllnir. Freyja agrees, saying she would lend it even if it were made of silver and gold, and Loki flies off, the feather cloak whistling.\n\nIn Jötunheimr, the jötunn Þrymr sits on a burial mound, plaiting golden collars for his female dogs, and trimming the manes of his horses. Þrymr sees Loki, and asks what could be amiss among the Æsir and the Elves; why is Loki alone in the Jötunheimr? Loki responds that he has bad news for both the elves and the Æsir: that Thor's hammer, Mjöllnir, is gone. Þrymr says that he has hidden Mjöllnir eight leagues beneath the earth, from which it will be retrieved if Freyja is brought to marry him. Loki flies off, the feather cloak whistling, away from Jötunheimr and back to the court of the gods.\n\nThor asks Loki if his efforts were successful, and that Loki should tell him while he is still in the air as \"tales often escape a sitting man, and the man lying down often barks out lies\". Loki states that it was indeed an effort, and also a success, for he has discovered that Þrymr has the hammer, but that it cannot be retrieved unless Freyja is brought to marry Þrymr. The two return to Freyja, and tell her to dress herself in a bridal head dress, as they will drive her to Jötunheimr. Freyja, indignant and angry, goes into a rage, causing all of the halls of the Æsir to tremble in her anger, and her necklace, the famed Brísingamen, falls from her. Freyja pointedly refuses.\n\nAs a result, the gods and goddesses meet and hold a thing to discuss and debate the matter. At the thing, the god Heimdallr puts forth the suggestion that, in place of Freyja, Thor should be dressed as the bride, complete with jewels, women's clothing down to his knees, a bridal head-dress, and the necklace Brísingamen. Thor rejects the idea, and Loki (here described as \"son of Laufey\") interjects that this will be the only way to get back Mjöllnir, and points out that without Mjöllnir, the jötnar will be able to invade and settle in Asgard. The gods dress Thor as a bride, and Loki states that he will go with Thor as his maid, and that the two shall drive to Jötunheimr together.\n\nAfter riding together in Thor's goat-driven chariot, the two, disguised, arrive in Jötunheimr. Þrymr commands the jötnar in his hall to spread straw on the benches, for Freyja has arrived to marry him. Þrymr recounts his treasured animals and objects, stating that Freyja was all that he was missing in his wealth.\n\nEarly in the evening, the disguised Loki and Thor meet with Þrymr and the assembled jötnar. Thor eats and drinks ferociously, consuming entire animals and three casks of mead. Þrymr finds the behaviour at odds with his impression of Freyja, and Loki, sitting before Þrymr and appearing as a \"very shrewd maid\", makes the excuse that \"Freyja's\" behaviour is due to her having not consumed anything for eight entire days before arriving due to her eagerness to arrive. Þrymr then lifts \"Freyja's\" veil and wants to kiss \"her\" until catching the terrifying eyes staring back at him, seemingly burning with fire. Loki states that this is because \"Freyja\" had not slept for eight nights in her eagerness.\n\nThe \"wretched sister\" of the jötnar appears, asks for a bridal gift from \"Freyja\", and the jötnar bring out Mjöllnir to \"sanctify the bride\", to lay it on her lap, and marry the two by \"the hand\" of the goddess Vár. Thor laughs internally when he sees the hammer, takes hold of it, strikes Þrymr, beats all of the jötnar, and kills the \"older sister\" of the jötnar.\n\nReginsmál\nLoki appears in both prose and the first six stanzas of the poem Reginsmál. The prose introduction to Reginsmál details that, while the hero Sigurd was being fostered by Regin, son of Hreidmar, Regin tells him that once the gods Odin, Hœnir, and Loki went to Andvara-falls, which contained many fish. Regin, a dwarf, had two brothers; Andvari, who gained food by spending time in the Andvara-falls in the form of a pike, and Ótr, who would often go to the Andvara-falls in the form of an otter.\n\nWhile the three gods are at the falls, Ótr (in the form of an otter) catches a salmon and eats it on a river bank, his eyes shut, when Loki hits and kills him with a stone. The gods think that this is great, and flay the skin from the otter to make a bag. That night, the three gods stay with Hreidmar (the father of Regin, Andvari, and the now-dead Ótr) and show him their catches, including the skin of the otter. Upon seeing the skin, Regin and Hreidmar \"seized them and made them ransom their lives\" in exchange for filling the otterskin bag the gods had made with gold and covering the exterior of the bag with red gold.\n\nLoki is sent to retrieve the gold, and Loki goes to the goddess Rán, borrows her net, and then goes back to the Andvara-falls. At the falls, Loki spreads his net before Andvari (who is in the form of a pike), which Andvari jumps into. The stanzas of the poem then begin: Loki mocks Andvari, and tells him that he can save his head by telling Loki where his gold is. Andvari gives some background information about himself, including that he was cursed by a \"norn of misfortune\" in his \"early days\". Loki responds by asking Andvari \"what requital\" does mankind get if \"they wound each other with words\". Andvari responds that lying men receive a \"terrible requital\": having to wade in the river Vadgelmir, and that their suffering will be long.\n\nLoki looks over the gold that Andvari possesses, and after Andvari hands over all of his gold, Andvari holds on to but a single ring; the ring Andvarinaut, which Loki also takes. Andvari, now in the form of a dwarf, goes into a rock, and tells Loki that the gold will result in the death of two brothers, will cause strife between eight princes, and will be useless to everyone.\n\nLoki returns, and the three gods give Hreidmar the money from the gold hoard and flatten out the otter skin, stretch out its legs, and heap gold atop it, covering it. Hreidmar looks it over, and notices a single hair that has not been covered. Hreidmar demands that it be covered as well. Odin puts forth the ring Andvarinaut, covering the single hair.\n\nLoki states that they have now handed over the gold, and that gold is cursed as Andvari is, and that it will be the death of Hreidmar and Regin both. Hreidmar responds that if he had known this before, he would have taken their lives, yet that he believes those are not yet born whom the curse is intended for, and that he doesn't believe him. Further, with the hoard, he will have red gold for the rest of his life. Hreidmar tells them to leave, and the poem continues without further mention of Loki.\n\nBaldrs draumar\nIn Baldr draumar, Odin has awoken a deceased völva in Hel, and questions her repeatedly about his son Baldr's bad dreams. Loki is mentioned in stanza 14, the final stanza of the poem, where the völva tells Odin to ride home, to be proud of himself, and that no one else will come visit until \"Loki is loose, escaped from his bonds\" and the onset of Ragnarök.\n\nHyndluljóð\n\nLoki is referenced in two stanzas in Völuspá hin skamma, found within the poem Hyndluljóð. The first stanza notes that Loki produced \"the wolf\" with the jötunn Angrboða, that Loki himself gave birth to the horse Sleipnir by the stallion Svaðilfari, and that Loki (referred to as the \"brother of Býleistr\") thirdly gave birth to \"the worst of all marvels\". This stanza is followed by:\n\nIn the second of the two stanzas, Loki is referred to as Lopt. Loki's consumption of a woman's heart is otherwise unattested.\n\nFjölsvinnsmál\nIn the poem Fjölsvinnsmál, a stanza mentions Loki (as Lopt) in association with runes. In the poem, Fjölsviðr describes to the hero Svipdagr that Sinmara keeps the weapon Lævateinn within a chest, locked with nine strong locks (due to significant translation differences, two translations of the stanza are provided here):\n\nProse Edda\n\nGylfaginning\nThe Prose Edda book Gylfaginning tells various myths featuring Loki, including Loki's role in the birth of the horse Sleipnir and Loki's contest with Logi, fire personified.\n\nHigh's introduction\n\nLoki first appears in the Prose Edda in chapter 20 of the book Gylfaginning, where he is referred to as the \"ás called Loki\" while the enthroned figure of Third explains to \"Gangleri\" (King Gylfi in disguise) the goddess Frigg's prophetic abilities while citing a stanza of Lokasenna.\n\nLoki is more formally introduced by High in chapter 34, where he is \"reckoned among the Æsir\", and High states that Loki is called by some \"the Æsir's calumniator\", \"originator of deceits\", and \"the disgrace of all gods and men\". High says that Loki's alternative name is Lopt, that he is the son of the male jötunn Fárbauti, his mother is \"Laufey or Nál\", and his brothers are Helblindi and Býleistr. High describes Loki as \"pleasing and handsome\" in appearance, malicious in character, \"very capricious in behaviour\", and as possessing \"to a greater degree than others\" learned cunning, and \"tricks for every purpose\", often getting the Æsir into trouble, and then getting them out of it with his trickery. Sigyn is introduced as being married to Loki, and they have a son named \"Nari or Narfi\". Otherwise, Loki had three children with the female jötunn Angrboða from Jötunheimr; the wolf Fenrir, the serpent Jörmungandr, and the female being Hel. The gods realized that these three children were being raised in Jötunheimr, and expected trouble from them partially due to the nature of Angrboða, but worse yet Loki. In chapter 35, Gangleri comments that Loki produced a \"pretty terrible\"—yet important—family.\n\nLoki, Svaðilfari, and Sleipnir\n\nIn chapter 42, High tells a story set \"right at the beginning of the gods' settlement, when the gods at established Midgard and built Val-Hall\". The story is about an unnamed builder who has offered to build a fortification for the gods that will keep out invaders in exchange for the goddess Freyja, the sun, and the moon. After some debate, the gods agree to these conditions, but place a number of restrictions on the builder, including that he must complete the work within three seasons without the help of any man. The builder makes a single request; that he may have help from his stallion Svaðilfari, and due to Loki's influence, this is allowed. The stallion Svaðilfari performs twice the deeds of strength as the builder, and hauls enormous rocks—to the surprise of the gods. The builder, with Svaðilfari, makes fast progress on the wall, and three days before the deadline of summer, the builder is nearly at the entrance to the fortification. The gods convene, and figure out who is responsible, resulting in a unanimous agreement that, along with most trouble, Loki is to blame (here referred to as Loki Laufeyjarson—his surname derived from his mother's name, Laufey).\n\nThe gods declare that Loki deserves a horrible death if he cannot find a scheme that will cause the builder to forfeit his payment, and threaten to attack him. Loki, afraid, swears oaths that he will devise a scheme to cause the builder to forfeit the payment, whatever it may cost himself. That night, the builder drives out to fetch stone with his stallion Svaðilfari, and out from a wood runs a mare. The mare neighs at Svaðilfari, and \"realizing what kind of horse it was\", Svaðilfari becomes frantic, neighs, tears apart his tackle, and runs towards the mare. The mare runs to the wood, Svaðilfari follows, and the builder chases after. The two horses run around all night, causing the building to be halted and the builder is then unable to regain the previous momentum of his work.\n\nThe builder goes into a rage, and when the Æsir realize that the builder is a hrimthurs, they disregard their previous oaths with the builder, and call for Thor. Thor arrives, and subsequently kills the builder by smashing the builder's skull into shards with the hammer Mjöllnir. However, Loki \"had such dealings\" with Svaðilfari that \"somewhat later\" Loki gives birth to a gray foal with eight legs; the horse Sleipnir—\"the best horse among gods and men.\"\n\nLoki, Útgarða-Loki, and Logi\n\nIn chapter 44, Third reluctantly relates a tale where Thor and Loki are riding in Thor's chariot, which is pulled by his two goats. Loki and Thor stop at the house of a peasant farmer, and there they are given lodging for a night. Thor slaughters his goats, prepares them, puts them in a pot, and Loki and Thor sit down for their evening meal. Thor invites the peasant family who own the farm to share with him the meal he has prepared, but warns them not to break the bones. Afterward, at the suggestion of Loki, the peasant child Þjálfi sucks the bone marrow from one of the goat bones, and when Thor goes to resurrect the goats, he finds one of the goats to be lame. In their terror, the family atones to Thor by giving Thor their son Þjálfi and their daughter Röskva.\n\nMinus the goats, Thor, Loki, and the two children continue east until they arrive at a vast forest in Jötunheimr. They continue through the woods until dark. The four seek shelter for the night. They encounter an immense building. Finding shelter in a side room, they experience earthquakes through the night. The earthquakes cause all four but Thor, who grips his hammer in preparation of defense, to be fearful. The building turns out to be the huge glove of Skrymir, who has been snoring throughout the night, causing what seemed to be earthquakes. All four sleep beneath an oak tree near Skrymir in fear.\n\nThor wakes up in the middle of the night, and a series of events occur where Thor twice attempts to kill the sleeping Skrýmir with his hammer. Skrýmir awakes after each attempt, only to say that he detected an acorn falling on his head or that he wonders if bits of tree from the branches above have fallen on top of him. The second attempt awakes Skrýmir. Skrýmir gives them advice; if they are going to be cocky at the keep of Útgarðr it would be better for them to turn back now, for Útgarða-Loki's men there won't put up with it. Skrýmir throws his knapsack onto his back and abruptly goes into the forest. High comments that \"there is no report that the Æsir expressed hope for a happy reunion\".\n\nThe four travelers continue their journey until midday. They find themselves facing a massive castle in an open area. The castle is so tall that they must bend their heads back to their spines to see above it. At the entrance to the castle is a shut gate, and Thor finds that he cannot open it. Struggling, all four squeeze through the bars of the gate, and continue to a large hall. Inside the great hall are two benches, where many generally large people sit on two benches. The four see Útgarða-Loki, the king of the castle, sitting.\n\nÚtgarða-Loki says that no visitors are allowed to stay unless they can perform a feat. Loki, standing in the rear of the party, is the first to speak, claiming that he can eat faster than anyone. Útgarða-Loki comments that this would be a feat indeed, and calls for a being by the name of Logi to come from the benches. A trencher is fetched, placed on the floor of the hall, and filled with meat. Loki and Logi sit down on opposing sides. The two eat as quickly as they can and meet at the midpoint of the trencher. Loki consumed all of the meat off of the bones on his side, yet Logi had not only consumed his meat, but also the bones and the trencher itself. It was evident to all that Loki had lost. In turn, Þjálfi races against a figure by the name of Hugi three times and thrice loses.\n\nThor agrees to compete in a drinking contest but after three immense gulps fails. Thor agrees to lift a large, gray cat in the hall but finds that it arches his back no matter what he does, and that he can raise only a single paw. Thor demands to fight someone in the hall, but the inhabitants say doing so would be demeaning, considering Thor's weakness. Útgarða-Loki then calls for his nurse Elli, an old woman. The two wrestle but the harder Thor struggles the more difficult the battle becomes. Thor is finally brought down to a single knee. Útgarða-Loki says to Thor that fighting anyone else would be pointless. Now late at night, Útgarða-Loki shows the group to their rooms and they are treated with hospitality.\n\nThe next morning the group gets dressed and prepares to leave the keep. Útgarða-Loki appears, has his servants prepare a table, and they all merrily eat and drink. As they leave, Útgarða-Loki asks Thor how he thought he fared in the contests. Thor says that he is unable to say he did well, noting that he is particularly annoyed that Útgarða-Loki will now speak negatively about him. Útgarða-Loki points out that the group has left his keep and says that he hopes that they never return to it, for if he had an inkling of what he was dealing with he would never have allowed the group to enter in the first place. Útgarða-Loki reveals that all was not what it seemed to the group. Útgarða-Loki was in fact the immense Skrýmir, and that if the three blows Thor attempted to land had hit their mark, the first would have killed Skrýmir. In reality, Thor's blows were so powerful that they had resulted in three square valleys.\n\nThe contests, too, were an illusion. Útgarða-Loki reveals that Loki had actually competed against wildfire itself (Logi, Old Norse \"flame\"), Þjálfi had raced against thought (Hugi, Old Norse \"thought\"), Thor's drinking horn had actually reached to the ocean and with his drinks he lowered the ocean level (resulting in tides). The cat that Thor attempted to lift was in actuality the world serpent, Jörmungandr, and everyone was terrified when Thor was able to lift the paw of this \"cat\", for Thor had actually held the great serpent up to the sky. The old woman Thor wrestled was in fact old age (Elli, Old Norse \"old age\"), and there is no one that old age cannot bring down. Útgarða-Loki tells Thor that it would be better for \"both sides\" if they did not meet again. Upon hearing this, Thor takes hold of his hammer and swings it at Útgarða-Loki but he is gone and so is his castle. Only a wide landscape remains.\n\nNorwegian rune poem\n\nLoki is mentioned in stanza 13 of the Norwegian rune poem in connection with the Younger Futhark Bjarkan rune:\n\nAccording to Bruce Dickins, the reference to \"Loki's deceit\" in the poem \"is doubtless to Loki's responsibility for Balder's death\".\n\nArchaeological record\n\nSnaptun Stone\n\nIn 1950, a semi-circular flat stone featuring a depiction of a mustachioed face was discovered on a beach near Snaptun, Denmark. Made of soapstone that originated in Norway or Sweden, the depiction was carved around the year 1000 CE and features a face with scarred lips. The figure is identified as Loki due to his lips, considered a reference to a tale recorded in Skáldskaparmál where sons of Ivaldi stitch up Loki's lips.\n\nThe stone is identified as a hearth stone; the nozzle of the bellows would be inserted into the hole in the front of the stone, and the air produced by the bellows pushed flame through the top hole, all the while the bellows were protected from the heat and flame. The stone may point to a connection between Loki and smithing and flames. According to Hans Jørgen Madsen, the Snaptun Stone is \"the most beautifully made hearth-stone that is known.\" The stone is housed and on display at the Moesgård Museum near Aarhus, Denmark.\n\nKirkby Stephen Stone and Gosforth Cross\nA fragmentary late 10th-century cross located in St Stephen's Church, Kirkby Stephen, Cumbria, England, features a bound figure with horns and a beard. This figure is sometimes theorized as depicting the bound Loki. Discovered in 1870, the stone consists of yellowish-white sandstone, and now sits at the front of the Kirkby Stephen church. A depiction of a similarly horned and round-shouldered figure was discovered in Gainford, County Durham and is now housed in the Durham Cathedral Library.\n\nThe mid-11th century Gosforth Cross has been interpreted as featuring various figures from Norse mythology and, like the Kirkby Stephen Stone, is also located in Cumbria. The bottom portion of the west side of the cross features a depiction of a long-haired female, kneeling figure holding an object above another prostrate, bound figure. Above and to their left is a knotted serpent. This has been interpreted as Sigyn soothing the bound Loki.\n\nScandinavian folklore\nThe notion of Loki survived into the modern period in the folklore of Scandinavia. In Denmark, Loki appeared as Lokke. In Jutland, the phrases \"Lokke slår sin havre\" (\"Lokke is reaping his oats\") and \"Lokkemand driver sine geder\" (\"Lokkemand drives his goats\") are thereby recorded in the beginning of the 20th century, the latter with the variation of simply \"Lokke\". In Zealand the name \"Lokke lejemand\" (\"Lokke the Playing Man\") was used. In his study of Loki's appearance in Scandinavian folklore in the modern period, Danish folklorist Axel Olrik cites numerous examples of natural phenomena explained by way of Lokke in popular folk tradition, including rising heat. An example from 1841 reads as follows:\nThe expressions: \"Lokke (Lokki) sår havre i dag\" (Lokke (Lokki) sows oats today), or: \"Lokke driver i dag med sine geder\" (Lokke herds his goats today), are used in several regions of Jutland, for example in Medelsom shire, the diocese of Viborg etc. ... and stand for the sight in the springtime, when the sunshine generates vapour from the ground, which can be seen as fluttering or shimmering air in the horizon of the flat landscape, similar to the hot steam over a kettle or a burning fire\nAnd in Thy, from the same source: \"... when you look at the horizon in clear weather and sunshine, and the air seems to move in shimmering waves, or like a sheet of water which seems to rise and sink in waves.\" Olrik further cites several different types of plants named after Loki. Olrik detects three major themes in folklore attestations; Lokke appeared as an \"air phenomenon\", connected with the \"home fire\", and as a \"teasing creature of the night\".\n\nLoka Táttur or Lokka Táttur (Faroese \"tale—or þáttr—of Loki\") is a Faroese ballad dating to the late Middle Ages that features the gods Loki, Odin, and Hœnir helping a farmer and a boy escape the wrath of a bet-winning jötunn. The tale notably features Loki as a benevolent god in this story, although his slyness is in evidence as usual.\n\nOrigin and identification with other figures\nRegarding scholarship on Loki, scholar Gabriel Turville-Petre comments (1964) that \"more ink has been spilled on Loki than on any other figure in Norse myth. This, in itself, is enough to show how little scholars agree, and how far we are from understanding him.\"\n\nOrigin\nLoki's origins and role in Norse mythology have been much debated by scholars. In 1835, Jacob Grimm was first to produce a major theory about Loki, in which he advanced the notion of Loki as a \"god of fire\". In 1889, Sophus Bugge theorized Loki to be variant of Lucifer of Christianity, an element of Bugge's larger effort to find a basis of Christianity in Norse mythology. After World War II, four scholarly theories dominated. The first of the four theories is that of Folke Ström, who in 1956 concluded that Loki is a hypostasis of the god Odin. In 1959, Jan de Vries theorized that Loki is a typical example of a trickster figure. In 1961, by way of excluding all non-Scandinavian mythological parallels in her analysis, Anna Birgitta Rooth concluded that Loki was originally a spider. Anne Holtsmark, writing in 1962, concluded that no conclusion could be made about Loki.\n\nIdentification with Lóðurr\nA popular theory proposed by the scholar Ursula Dronke is that Lóðurr is \"a third name of Loki/Loptr\". The main argument for this is that the gods Odin, Hœnir and Loki occur as a trio in Haustlöng, in the prose prologue to Reginsmál and also in the Loka Táttur a Faroese ballad, an example of Norse deities appearing in later folklore. The Odin-kenning \"Lóðurr's friend\" furthermore appears to parallel the kenning \"Loptr's friend\" and Loki is similarly referred to as \"Hœnir's friend\" in Haustlöng, strengthening the trio connection. While many scholars agree with this identification, it is not universally accepted. One argument against it is that Loki appears as a malevolent being later in Völuspá, seemingly conflicting with the image of Lóðurr as a \"mighty and loving\" figure. Many scholars, including Jan de Vries and Georges Dumézil, have also identified Lóðurr as being the same deity as Loki. Scholar Haukur Þorgeirsson suggests that Loki and Lóðurr were different names for the same deity based on that Loki is referred to as Lóður in the rímur Lokrur. Þorgeirsson argues that the writer must have had information about the identification from either a tradition or that the author drew the conclusion based on the Prose Edda, as Snorri does not mention Lóðurr. Since the contents of the Poetic Edda are assumed to have been forgotten around 1400 when the rímur was written, Haukur argues for a traditional identification. Þorgeirsson also points to Þrymlur where the same identification is made with Loki and Lóðurr. Haukur says that unless the possible but unlikely idea that the 14th- and 15th-century poets possessed written sources unknown to us is true, the idea must have come from either an unlikely amount of sources from where the poets could have drawn a similar conclusion that Loki and Lóðurr are identical (like some recent scholars) or that remnants of an oral tradition remained. Haukur concludes that if Lóðurr was historically considered an independent deity from Loki, then a discussion of when and why he became identified with Loki is appropriate.\n\nBinding\nThe scholar John Lindow highlights the recurring pattern of the bound monster in Norse mythology as being particularly associated to Loki. Loki and his three children by Angrboda were all bound in some way, and were all destined to break free at Ragnarok to wreak havoc on the world. He suggests a borrowed element from the traditions of the Caucasus region, and identifies a mythological parallel with the \"Christian legend of the bound Antichrist awaiting the Last Judgment\".\n\nModern interpretations and legacy\n\nIn the 19th century, Loki was depicted in a variety of ways, some strongly at odds with others. According to Stefan Arvidssen, \"the conception of Loki varied during the nineteenth century. Sometimes he was presented as a dark-haired Semitic fifth columnist among the Nordic Aesir, but sometimes he was described as a Nordic Prometheus, a heroic bearer of culture\".\n\nLoki appears in Richard Wagner's opera cycle Ring of the Nibelung as Loge (a play on Old Norse loge, \"fire\"), depicted as an ally of the gods (specifically as Wotan's assistant rather than Donner's), although he generally dislikes them and thinks of them as greedy, as they refuse to return the Rhine Gold to its rightful owners. In the conclusion of the first opera Das Rheingold, he reveals his hope to turn into fire and destroy Valhalla, and in the final opera Götterdämmerung Valhalla is set alight, destroying the Gods.\n\nAs the myths tell of Loki changing gender on several occasions, some modern works interpret or depict the deity as genderfluid.\n\nIn 2008, five black smokers were discovered between Greenland and Norway, the most northerly group so far discovered, and given the name Loki's Castle, as their shape reminded discoverers of a fantasy castle, and (a University of Bergen press release says) \"Loki\" was \"an appropriate name for a field that was so difficult to locate\".\n\nModern popular culture\n\nLoki has been depicted in or is referred to in an array of media in modern popular culture.\n Loki appears in the 1975 fantasy novel Eight Days of Luke by Diana Wynne Jones.\n Loki is a central character in Neil Gaiman's novel American Gods and an important character in a few arcs of Gaiman's comic The Sandman.\n The eponymous mask of the 1994 film The Mask is said in the film to be the mask of Loki. Lore behind the mask is explored in more detail in the 2005 sequel, Son of the Mask, where the god of mischief himself, played by Alan Cumming, has a prominent role.\n Loki appears in Marvel Comics and in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, played by Tom Hiddleston, as a villain (or antihero) who consistently comes into conflict with the superhero Thor, his adopted brother and archenemy.\n Loki appears in Rick Riordan's Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard series.\n Loki is the final antagonist in the anime series Saint Seiya: Soul of Gold.\n Loki appears in the video game Warriors Orochi 4; he hides in Perseus's identity and rebel against Zeus's machinations by entering Orochi's dimensional realm.\n Loki appears as the son of protagonist Kratos in the 2018 PlayStation video game God of War, named as Atreus.\n Loki appears as the true Persona of Goro Akechi in Persona 5.\n Loki appears as a rogue Asgard scientist in the TV series Stargate SG-1.\n Loki appears in Assassin's Creed Valhalla as a member of the ancient Isu race and reincarnated as a human, Basim.\n In Shannon Messenger's Keeper of the Lost Cities, M. Forkle's middle name is Loki. He says he is at the origin of the myth of Loki in the fourth book, Neverseen.\n In the 2002 Ensemble Studios real-time strategy game Age of Mythology, Loki is one of three major gods Norse players can worship.\n Loki is one of the playable gods in the third-person multiplayer online battle arena game Smite.\n\nScience \nThe archaeal phylum Lokiarchaeota was named after Loki.\n\nSee also \n Dystheism\n\nReferences\n\nCited sources\n\nExternal links \n\n MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository) Illustrations of Loki from manuscripts and early print books. Clicking on the thumbnail will give you the full image and information concerning it.\n\n \nÆsir\nJötnar\nShapeshifting\nTrickster gods\nKilled deities\nNorse gods", "Eldir (Old Norse: , \"fire-stoker\") is a servant of Ægir in Norse mythology, and Loki's first verbal opponent in the poem Lokasenna (Loki's Flyting).\n\nAccording to John Lindow, \"Eldir fits the character type of the outer guardian, often a herdsman as in Skírnismál (11–16) with whom someone contends before entering a place for the main confrontation\".\n\nName \nThe Old Norse name Eldir has been translated as 'fire-stoker'.\n\nAttestations \nThe beginning of Lokasenna (Loki's Flyting) tells that people greatly praised Ægir's two servants, and that Loki killed one of them, Fimafeng, out of jealousy. The murderer is then chased by the gods from Ægir's hall, and upon his return, Loki confronts Eldir and asks him what the Æsir are discussing in the hall. Eldir replies that they are judging their weapons and prowess, and adds that no one is a friend of Loki’s in words. Loki then announces that he about to enter the hall and blend mead with harmful power.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nServants in Norse mythology" ]

[ "Loki (comics)", "Journey into Mystery", "What is the relation between Loki and MC2", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"Journey into Mystery\" is the fifth episode of the first season of the American television series Loki, based on Marvel Comics featuring the character Loki. It follows alternate versions of the character who are sent to the end of time by the mysterious Time Variance Authority (TVA) and must work together to survive. The episode is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise. It was written by Tom Kauffman and directed by Kate Herron.\n\nTom Hiddleston reprises his role as Loki from the film series, with other versions of the character including Sophia Di Martino as a female variant named Sylvie, Jack Veal as a young version called Kid Loki, DeObia Oparei as a version known as Boastful Loki, and Richard E. Grant as an older version called Classic Loki. Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Wunmi Mosaku, Tara Strong, and Owen Wilson also star in the episode. Herron joined the series in August 2019. Filming took place at Pinewood Atlanta Studios, with location filming in the Atlanta metropolitan area.\n\n\"Journey into Mystery\" was released on Disney+ on July 7, 2021. The episode was positively received by critics, with praise towards Grant's performance, the pacing, and the setup for the season finale.\n\nPlot \nTime Variance Authority (TVA) Judge Ravonna Renslayer tells Sylvie that she does not know who created the TVA and that Loki was teleported to the Void, a dimension at the end of Time where everything the TVA prunes is dumped into and from which nothing has returned. They also deduce that the TVA's creator is hiding in the timeline beyond the Void, where they cannot be detected. TVA mascot Miss Minutes and Renslayer stall for time until TVA Minutemen arrive. Facing capture, Sylvie prunes herself. After interrogating an imprisoned Hunter B-15, Renslayer instructs Miss Minutes to help her find the TVA's creator.\n\nMeanwhile, Loki learns from four time variants of himself – Alligator Loki, Boastful Loki, Classic Loki, and Kid Loki – that Alioth, a massive cloud-like creature, hunts and kills all life in the Void. Upon arriving, Sylvie briefly enchants Alioth before receiving help from former TVA member Mobius M. Mobius in escaping the creature.\n\nIntending to rule, Boastful Loki betrays the other Lokis for a second Loki group led by President Loki. However, the Lokis betray each other, sparking a fight. Classic Loki helps Alligator Loki, Kid Loki, and Loki escape and eventually find Sylvie and Mobius. Using a TemPad Sylvie stole from Renslayer, Mobius chooses to return to the TVA and reveal the truth about the organization to its employees. He asks the Loki variants to come with him, but they stay behind.\n\nAfter the variants escape, Loki attempts to distract Alioth so Sylvie can enchant it, but both fail until Classic Loki returns and creates a life-sized illusion of Asgard to distract Alioth, saving Sylvie and sacrificing himself in the process. Working together, Sylvie and Loki enchant Alioth, revealing a citadel beyond the Void, which they walk towards.\n\nProduction\n\nDevelopment \nBy September 2018, Marvel Studios was developing a limited series starring Tom Hiddleston's Loki from the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films. Loki was confirmed to be in development by Disney CEO Bob Iger in November. Kate Herron was hired to direct the series in August 2019. Herron and head writer Michael Waldron executive produce alongside Hiddleston and Marvel Studios' Kevin Feige, Louis D'Esposito, Victoria Alonso, and Stephen Broussard. The fifth episode, titled \"Journey into Mystery\", was written by Tom Kauffman. The title shares its name with the comic book series in which Thor and Loki were introduced.\n\nWriting \n\"Journey into Mystery\" expands upon the additional Loki variants–Classic Loki, Boastful Loki, Kid Loki, and Alligator Loki–first introduced in the previous episode's mid-credits scene. Hiddleston called it \"completely surreal and an absolute delight\" to explore other versions of the characters with different actors and felt when all of them were together, it was \"some sort of surrealist party\" with Hiddleston's Loki initially being the most unlike the character than the others. An early draft of the episode would have revealed a Loki Variance Authority existed in the Void, with all of the Lokis sent there a part of it. Ahead of the series' premiere, Feige had mentioned one of the benefits of exploring the multiverse and \"playing with time\" was being able to see other versions of characters, particularly of Loki.\n\nClassic Loki's backstory was conceived after Waldron pondered the \"what if\" question of what would have happened if Loki had survived his death in Avengers: Infinity War (2018). Calling the backstory a \"thought experiment\", Waldron added it was \"just so sad\" and a \"tragic thing\" when Classic Loki realizes he is meant to be alone. Richard E. Grant's experience quarantining to join the production was \"the key to plugging into who classic old Loki was\" and allowed Grant to \"zone in\" for the character's speech explaining his backstory. Alligator Loki, an original variant created for the series, stemmed from Waldron's initial pitch meeting with Broussard and co-executive producer Kevin Wright, with the reasoning for his including being that he was green; this is also a point of discussion that the Lokis have in the episode, trying to determine if Alligator Loki is actually a Loki. Waldron explained that the possibility of an alligator variant is \"so stupid, but it also makes total sense... It's just the sort of irreverent thing that, in this show, we play straight and make the audience take it seriously.\" A version of the script saw all of the Loki variants arrive to take on Alioth because they did not want the series' Loki to \"outshine them\" since they are all \"narcissists\", resulting in their heroic attempt to talk with Alioth ending in disaster.\n\nThe episode features many Easter eggs in the Void from the comics, such as Thanos' helicopter, Throg, Qeng Tower, a tower associated with Kang the Conqueror, and the Living Tribunal's head, as well as from the MCU, such as Yellowjacket's helmet, Mjolnir, a Helicarrier, and the Dark Aster. Real-world Easter eggs include the USS Eldridge, Polybius, and the Ecto Cooler.\n\nDesign \nPresident Loki's costume was inspired by the comic miniseries Vote Loki, while Classic Loki's costume drew inspiration from the character's 1960s comic design by Jack Kirby. Grant had hoped the costume would have been more muscular, which would have likened itself even more to Kirby's design. The Void featured large heads and peacock-like creatures that Farahani created to help \"infuse The Void with surrealism\". Initially, production designer Kasra Farahani had envisioned a \"more Salvador Dalí-esque, Dada-esque version\" of the Void before settling on an \"English moors\" styling. Approximately seven sets were constructed of various part of the Void. Kid Loki's lair was a 360-degree set that had \"a lot of topographical changes\". Farahani said, \"We imagined it as a fractured bowling alley with a slide element to it. All the lines there are visually drawing your eye to the throne which we imagined was an old Santa throne from a mall, pulled from a deleted reality.\"\n\nCasting \nThe episode stars Tom Hiddleston as Loki and President Loki, Sophia Di Martino as Sylvie, Gugu Mbatha-Raw as Ravonna Renslayer, Wunmi Mosaku as Hunter B-15, Jack Veal as Kid Loki, DeObia Oparei as Boastful Loki, Tara Strong as the voice of Miss Minutes, Richard E. Grant as Classic Loki, and Owen Wilson as Mobius M. Mobius. Additionally, Neil Ellice appears as Hunter D-90. Chris Hemsworth makes an uncredited voice cameo as Throg. Additional Loki variants that appear as part of President Loki's gang include Glamshades Loki, Poky Loki, In Prison Loki, and Bicycle Loki; these were named by costume designer Christine Wada.\n\nFilming and visual effects \nFilming took place at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Atlanta, Georgia, with Herron directing, and Autumn Durald Arkapaw serving as cinematographer. Location filming took place in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Filming material in the Void lasted seven days.\n\nAlligator Loki was created through CGI, with a stuffed stand-in used during filming, which Herron felt was useful for the actors to interact with. The design of Alligator Loki also shifted several times, after an early version was more of a cartoon style that was \"a bit too cute\". Herron felt it became \"funnier and funnier\" as the design became more life-like, hitting the \"sweet spot\" when it \"felt like a real alligator, but with a kind of slightly jaunty horns on\". Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), who worked on Alligator Loki, referenced a real-life emotional support alligator named Wally to determine his movements, with Additional VFX Supervisor Luke McDonald noting real-life physics were not taken into consideration at times. Herron was inspired by the teasing of the shark in Jaws (1975) for Alioth, with McDonald referencing volcanic eruptions and pyroclastic flows that feature thermal lightning for its design. In addition to ILM, visual effects for the episode were created by Rise FX, Luma Pictures, Crafty Apes, Cantina Creative, Trixter, and Method Studios.\n\nMusic \nBeginning with this episode, composer Natalie Holt incorporated a 32-person choir into her score, in addition to the other elements. An arrangement of the song \"Ride of the Valkyries\" by Richard Wagner appears in the episode when Classic Loki is creating his Asgard illusion.\n\nMarketing \nAfter the episode's release, Marvel announced merchandise inspired by the episode as part of its weekly \"Marvel Must Haves\" promotion for each episode of the series, including Funko Pops for the Loki variants, a President Loki Hot Toys Cosbaby figure, apparel, accessories, and jewelry. Marvel also released a promotional poster for \"Journey into Mystery\", which featured a quote from the episode.\n\nRelease \n\"Journey into Mystery\" was released on Disney+ on July 7, 2021. The Simpsons short film The Good, the Bart, and the Loki was released alongside the episode on Disney+, which sees Loki teaming up with Bart Simpson in a crossover that pays homage to the heroes and villains of the MCU. Hiddleston reprised his role as Loki in the short.\n\nReception\n\nCritical response \n\nThe review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% approval rating with an average score of 8/10 based on 26 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, \"An epic penultimate joyride, \"Journey Into Mystery\" pushes the pedal to the floor and lets a gaggle of Lokis do their thing—especially a scene stealing Richard E. Grant in fine Asgardian form.\"\n\nAlan Sepinwall of Rolling Stone said in the comic series Journey into Mystery \"anything was possible... which makes it an apt moniker for an absolutely wonderful episode of Loki where the same holds true\". He stated the episode was reminiscent of the series Lost, and believed what made \"Journey into Mystery\" special was \"the way that it explores the untapped potential of Loki himself, in his many, many variations\". Other highlights were the hug between Loki and Mobius and the expanding of the relationship and connection between Loki and Sylvie. Sepinwall concluded his review by hoping for a strong final episode, something he noted had not been the case with WandaVision and The Falcon and the Winter Soldier, though Loki \"feels different so far\" and \"everything up to this point deserves\" a good ending. Giving \"Journey into Mystery\" an 8 out of 10, IGNs Simon Cardy said the episode did \"a great job of keeping up the pace set by last week's final revelations. It displays impressive scale, ranging from stunning apocalyptic threats to tender character moments for both new and returning cast members. And while it may not move the overarching plot along to the same extent as Episode 4, it's an enjoyable ride and one of Lokis strongest episodes yet.\" He noted while all the Loki variants featured had their moments, Grant's Classic Loki and \"the absurdity of Alligator Loki\" made a \"particularly strong impression\", and the \"standout scene\" was Loki and Sylvie expanding their feelings for one another; Cardy felt Hiddleston and Di Martino \"play the moment out beautifully, bringing a touching sense of humanity\". Cardy did, however, call it \"a shame\" that Renslayer was still an underdeveloped character, given the audience still did not know much about her. Concluding his review, Cardy pointed out there was \"a lot left to do\" in the final episode, and hoped the series \"manages to end on a stronger note [than WandaVision] and deliver an ending as thrilling as the mystery weaved throughout deserves\".\n\nWriting for The A.V. Club, Caroline Siede stated, \"Journey Into Mystery\" \"is a blast to watch. It delivers a darkly madcap sense of fun worthy of its mischievous protagonist. And it ends with an appreciably big-scale action sequence and a compelling cliffhanger to take us into next week's finale.\" She felt the various Loki variants brought \"a welcome spark\" to the series, expanding up on the question of what makes a Loki a Loki, and welcomed the return of the question of free will, which had been \"the most compelling thematic thread of the season\". Siede did feel the episode \"tries to do too much\", saying: \"While the episode’s madcap energy keeps things moving along nicely, some of the emotional beats feel rather rushed\"; she would have preferred it if the show had spent more time in the Void and less on Lamentis-1 (in the third episode). She concluded, saying \"this episode is fun, stylish, irreverent, and character-centric in a way that serves the series well\", giving the episode an \"A–\".\n\nAccolades \nGrant was named TVLines \"Performer of the Week\" for the week of July 5, 2021, for his performance in this episode. The site stated, \"It speaks to the quality of Grant's work in Lokis fifth episode that, having only known Classic Loki for about 40 minutes, we nonetheless became deeply emotionally invested in his survival,\" adding Grant \"gave a performance as glorious as any Loki could hope to be\". Dan DeLeeuw, David Seager, Alexandra Greene, George Kuruvilla, and Dan Mayer were nominated for Outstanding Visual Effects – Episodic (Under 13 Episodes) or Non-theatrical Feature for the episode at the 2021 Hollywood Professional Association Awards. At the 2022 Visual Effects Society Awards, Dan DeLeeuw, Allison Paul, Sandra Balej, and David Seager were nominated for Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Episode, while George Kuruvilla, Menno Dijkstra, Matthew Hanger, and Jiyong Shin were nominated for Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Episode, Commercial, or Real-Time Project for the \"Alioth Cloud\".\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n Episode recap at Marvel.com\n\n2021 American television episodes\nAsgard in fiction\nLoki (TV series) episodes\nTelevision episodes about the end of the universe\nTelevision episodes directed by Kate Herron\nTelevision episodes written by Tom Kauffman", "Laufey is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted usually as an enemy of the Asgardian king Odin, father of Thor. He is the King of the Frost Giants, the biological father of Thor's adopted brother and archenemy, Loki. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, he first appeared in Journey into Mystery #112 (Jan. 1965), and was based on the goddess of the same name who in Norse mythology was actually the mother of Loki.\n\nColm Feore portrayed the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Thor (2011).\n\nPublication history\nLaufey was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and first appeared in Journey into Mystery #112 (Jan. 1965).\n\nFictional character biography\nIn the early days of the universe, Odin, the King of Asgard, marched his forces into Jotunheim to battle Laufey and the Frost Giants. At the time, Odin was wielding the mystical hammer Mjolnir. Odin faced down Laufey and destroyed his war club, prompting Laufey to brandish a sword. Laufey tried to use his knowledge of land, such as trying to stop Odin with a concealed fire pit. A sprawling battle between the two forces ensued. The battle ended with Odin using Mjolnir to crush Laufey's skull. Odin discovered a baby that was Laufey's son Loki amongst the wreckage of the castle and made the decision to raise him as his own. Laufey had kept Loki hidden as he was ashamed that Loki had been born a runt.\n\nIt was later retconned that Loki had been a child, rather than a baby, when Laufey was killed. The day prior to the battle, Loki had attempted to inform him of an opportunity to stealthily kill Odin prior to the battle. Laufey struck Loki for calling him a coward. The next day, after the fateful battle and Odin's claiming of Loki as a son, Laufey was left wounded, but alive. A version of Loki from the future, who had traveled back in time to alter events, proceeded to decapitate him, stating that Laufey would never strike him again. He also made Odin adopt him.\n\nThe remains of Laufey, specifically his skull, play an important role in the first three issues of the renewed Thor series. Laufey's revitalized men attempt to reclaim his remains from a Roxxon facility owned by Minotaur. Upon traveling to Jotunheim with Malekith the Accursed, Minotaur used the blood of the Light Elves that were killed as part of a spell to resurrect Laufey.\n\nAs part of the \"All-New, All-Different Marvel\" event, Laufey appears as a member of the Dark Council alongside Malekith the Accursed, Minotaur, Ulik, and some unnamed Fire Demons.\n\nDuring the \"War of the Realms\" storyline, Laufey appears and is about to eat Frigga when Loki arrives and saves his adopted mother. Laufey berates Loki on his recent treachery in the past. He then picks him up and seemingly eats him. Odin later gets enraged when he finds out that Laufey ate Loki. Laufey is later seen at the ruins of the Statue of Liberty swatting fighter jets. Laufey is later attacked by the Fantastic Four and an army of Dwarves that are wearing copies of the War Machine armor. Iron Man, Punisher, She-Hulk, Spider-Man, and Wolverine are fighting Laufey's Frost Giants. As Captain Marvel, Black Panther, Sif, and Thing confront Laufey, he pulls out the Casket of Ancient Winters which he eats as it augments his powers. While protected by Hofund's magic, Daredevil fights with Laufey until Laufey eats Hofund when it is thrown at him. Noticing that the Earth-1610 Mjolnir is going to self-destruct, Jane Foster throws it into Laufey as a half-digested Loki cuts himself and the Casket of Ancient Winters using Hofund where his magic is holding his body together.\n\nPowers and abilities\nLike all Frost Giants, Laufey is immortal and possesses superhuman strength and resistance to physical injury and Earthly illness, as well as a weakness to heat. As a Frost Giant, Laufey is unharmed by cold temperatures, making him immune to hypothermia and frostbite.\n\nLaufey is cryokinetic and has been seen wielding many weapons, including a giant war club, a sword, and a large axe.\n\nIn other media\n\nTelevision\nLaufey appears in the Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. animated series episode \"Hulks on Ice\", voiced by Enn Reitel. He leads the Frost Giants in a plot to take over the Nine Realms. Amidst the agents of S.M.A.S.H. and Thor attempts to stop them, Laufey also locates and arranges for Ymir to be freed in order to fulfill his plans. After the Red Hulk defeats Ymir however, Laufey retreats.\n\nIn Marvel's What If...?, Odin returns the infant Loki to Laufey instead of adopting him, resulting a truce between Asgardians and Frost Giants. Because of this change of event Loki has taken a blue gigantic appearance and is best friends with Thor, who has become a party-loving prince who throws wild global parties due to him being an only child.\n\nFilm\n\nLaufey appears in the live-action Marvel Studios film Thor portrayed by Colm Feore. Like the film's version of the Frost Giants, this version stands between 8 and 10 ft., has blue skin, and has red eyes. As in the comics, he is Loki's father, though he is unaware of this. Years prior to the film, Odin had established a treaty between Asgard and Jotunheim. After a group of Frost Giants tried to get into Asgard in the present however, Thor led Loki, Sif, and the Warriors Three to confront Laufey for violating the treaty. This results in a fight until Odin stops them and recalls Thor, Sif, and the Warriors Three to Asgard. Loki later gives Laufey access to Asgard to kill Odin while he is in his Odinsleep. Before Laufey can do so however, Loki betrays and kills the former.\n\nVideo games\n Laufey appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes,voiced by John DiMaggio. In a bonus mission, Laufey collaborates with Malekith the Accursed to capture Heimdall, though Thor and Loki come to Heimdall's rescue.\n Laufey appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers.\n\nToys\n A figure of Laufey was released in the Marvel Minimates line, based on the Thor film.\n A figure of Laufey was released in Hasbro's 3.75\" Thor: The Mighty Avenger movie tie-in line.\n\nSee also\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Laufey at Marvel Wiki\n\nCharacters created by Jack Kirby\nCharacters created by Stan Lee\nComics characters introduced in 1965\nFictional characters with ice or cold abilities\nFictional dictators\nFictional kings\nMarvel Comics characters with superhuman strength\nMarvel Comics film characters\nMarvel Comics giants\nMarvel Comics supervillains\nThor (Marvel Comics)", "In Norse mythology, Útgarða-Loki (Anglicized as Utgarda-Loki, Utgard-Loki, and Utgardsloki) was the ruler of the castle Útgarðr in Jötunheimr. He was one of the Jötnar and his name means literally \"Loki of the Outyards\" or \"Loki of the Outlands\", to distinguish him from Loki, the companion of Thor. He was also known as Skrýmir or Skrymir.\n\nProse Edda\nIn the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning (chapter 44), the enthroned figure of Third reluctantly relates a tale in which Thor, Loki and Thor's servants, Þjálfi and Röskva are traveling to the east. They arrive at a vast forest in Jötunheimr, and they continue through the woods until dark. The four seek shelter for the night and discover an immense building. Finding shelter in a side room, they experience earthquakes through the night. The earthquakes cause all four to be fearful, except Thor, who grips his hammer in defense. The building turns out to be the huge glove of Skrýmir, who has been snoring throughout the night, causing what seemed to be earthquakes. The next night, all four sleep beneath an oak tree near Skrýmir in fear.\n\nThor wakes up in the middle of the night, and a series of events occur where Thor twice attempts to destroy the sleeping Skrýmir with his hammer. Skrýmir awakes after each attempt, only to say that he detected an acorn falling on his head or that he wonders if bits of tree from the branches above have fallen on top of him. The second attempt awakes Skrýmir. Skrýmir gives them advice; if they are going to be cocky at the castle of Útgarðr it would be better for them to turn back now, for Útgarða-Loki's men there won't put up with it. Skrýmir throws his knapsack onto his back and abruptly goes into the forest and \"there is no report that the Æsir expressed hope for a happy reunion\".\n\nThe four travelers continue their journey until midday. They find themselves facing a massive castle in an open area. The castle is so tall that they must bend their heads back to their spines to see above it. At the entrance to the castle is a shut gate, and Thor finds that he cannot open it. Struggling, all four squeeze through the bars of the gate, and continue to a large hall. Inside the great hall are two benches, where many generally large people sit on two benches. The four see Útgarða-Loki, the king of the castle, sitting.\n\nÚtgarða-Loki says that no visitors are allowed to stay unless they can perform a feat. Loki, standing in the rear of the party, is the first to speak, claiming that he can eat faster than anyone. Loki competes with a being named Logi to consume a trencher full of meat but loses. Útgarða-Loki asks what feat the \"young man\" can perform, referring to Þjálfi. Þjálfi says that he will attempt to run a race against anyone Útgarða-Loki chooses. Útgarða-Loki says that this would be a fine feat yet that Þjálfi had better be good at running, for he is about to be put to the test. Útgarða-Loki and the group go outside to a level-grounded course.\n\nAt the course, Útgarða-Loki calls for a small figure by the name of Hugi to compete with Þjálfi. The first race begins and Þjálfi runs, but Hugi runs to the end of the course and then back again to meet Þjálfi. Útgarða-Loki comments to Þjálfi that he will have to run faster than that, yet notes that he has never seen anyone who has come to his hall run faster than that. Þjálfi and Hugi run a second race. Þjálfi loses by an arrow-shot. Útgarða-Loki comments that Þjálfi has again run a fine race but that he has no confidence that Þjálfi will be able to win a third. A third race between the two commences and Þjálfi again loses to Hugi. Everyone agrees that the contest between Þjálfi and Hugi has been decided.\n\nThor agrees to compete in a drinking contest but after three immense gulps fails. Thor agrees to lift a large, gray cat in the hall but finds that it arches his back no matter what he does, and that he can only raise a single paw. Thor demands to fight someone in the hall, but the inhabitants say doing so would be demeaning, considering Thor's weakness. Útgarða-Loki then calls for his nurse Elli, an old woman. The two wrestle but the harder Thor struggles the more difficult the battle becomes. Thor is finally brought down to a single knee. Útgarða-Loki said to Thor that fighting anyone else would be pointless. As it is now late at night, Útgarða-Loki shows the group to their rooms and they are treated with hospitality.\n\nThe next morning the group gets dressed and prepares to leave the keep. Útgarða-Loki appears, has his servants prepare a table, and they all merrily eat and drink. As they leave, Útgarða-Loki asks Thor how he thought he fared in the contests. Thor says that he is unable to say he did well, noting that he is particularly annoyed that Útgarða-Loki will now speak negatively about him. Útgarða-Loki, once the group has left his keep, points out that he hopes that they never return to it, for if he had had an inkling of what he was dealing with he would never have allowed the group to enter in the first place. Útgarða-Loki reveals that all was not what it seemed to the group. Útgarða-Loki was in fact the immense Skrýmir, and that if the three blows Thor attempted to land had hit their mark, the first would have killed Skrýmir. In reality, Thor's blows were so powerful that they had resulted in three square valleys.\n\nThe contests, too, were an illusion. Útgarða-Loki reveals that Loki had actually competed against wildfire itself (Logi, Old Norse \"flame\"), Þjálfi had raced against thought (Hugi, Old Norse \"thought\"), Thor's drinking horn had actually reached to the ocean and with his drinks he lowered the ocean level (resulting in tides). The cat that Thor attempted to lift was in actuality the world serpent, Jörmungandr, and everyone was terrified when Thor was able to lift the paw of this \"cat\", for Thor had actually held the great serpent up to the sky. The old woman Thor wrestled was in fact Old Age (Elli, Old Norse \"old age\"), and there is no one whom old age cannot bring down. Útgarða-Loki concludes by telling Thor that it would be better for \"both sides\" if they did not meet again. Upon hearing this, Thor takes hold of his hammer and swings it at Útgarða-Loki but he is gone and so is his castle. Only a wide landscape remains.\n\nGesta Danorum\n\nIn Gesta Danorum a ship meets strong winds and sacrifices are made to various gods to obtain favorable weather, including to one called Utgarthilocus. With vows and propitiations to him a beneficial spell of weather is obtained. Later an expedition to the land of the giants comes upon this figure.\n\nAs a proof of their accomplishments, the men bring back a hair pulled from the giant's beard, stinking so harshly that several men drop dead on smelling it.\n\nApart from the name of the giant there is little that reminds of Snorri's Útgarða-Loki. The bound giant figure is more reminiscent of the bound Loki who likewise lies chained and tortured in a cave.\n\nPopular culture\nThe Danish animated film Valhalla (Peter Madsen and others, 1984) is based on the Útgarða-Loki story from the Prose Edda. Útgarða-Loki serves as the villain and Elli is described as his mother.\n\nIn the Marvel Comics continuity, Utgard-Loki is an enemy of Thor. He had attempted to lead a cadre of Frost Giants against a weakened Asgard but was defeated by a small force of its defenders.\n\nUtgarda-Loki also makes an appearance as the final boss in the video game Ragnarok Odyssey.\n\nSkrymir also appears in the Buffy the Vampire Slayer novel Spike and Dru: Pretty Maids All In A Row.\n\nUtgard-Loki appears as a supporting character in Rick Riordan's Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard series. He is stated to be king of the mountain giants and the most powerful sorcerer in Jotunheim.\n\nIn Thomas Hardy's 1884 short story, Interlopers at the Knapp, a breeze 'brought a snore from the wood as if Skrymir the Giant were sleeping there'. The short story appears in Hardy's short story collection, Wessex Tales.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nDavidson, Hilda Ellis (ed.) and Peter Fisher (tr.) (1980). Saxo Grammaticus: The History of the Danes: Books I–IX. \nLindow, John (2001). Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford University Press. \n\nJötnar" ]