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jenny-tts-tags-6h

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jenny/13344

Well, with those words I hand over back to you Dave.

well, with those words i hand over back to you dave.

very fast

wɛl, wɪð ðoʊz wɜ˞dz aɪ hænd oʊvɜ˞ bæk tu ju deɪv.

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jenny/13345

[David] Well indeed, and then I'm talking back to You: Our delegates and learners on this fantastic course.

david well indeed, and then i'm talking back to you, our delegates and learners on this fantastic course.

very fast

[deɪvɪd] wɛl ɪndid, ʌnd ðɛn aɪ'ɛm tɔkɪŋ bæk tu ju: aʊɜ˞ dɛlʌɡeɪts ʌnd lɜ˞nɜ˞z ɑn ðɪs fæntæstɪk kɔɹs.

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jenny/13346

In the next few weeks we're going to go into way more depth in the things that you've heard around this table.

in the next few weeks we're going to go into way more depth in the things that you've heard around this table.

very fast

ɪn ðʌ nɛkst fju wiks wi'ɹeɪ ɡoʊɪŋ tu ɡoʊ ɪntu weɪ mɔɹ dɛpθ ɪn ðʌ θɪŋz ðæt ju'vi hɜ˞d ɜ˞aʊnd ðɪs teɪbʌl.

slightly clear

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jenny/13347

You will explore, begin to understand, you will find opportunities to find these solutions.

you will explore, begin to understand, you will find opportunities to find these solutions.

very fast

ju wɪl ɪksplɔɹ, bɪɡɪn tu ʌndɜ˞stænd, ju wɪl faɪnd ɑpɜ˞tunʌtiz tu faɪnd ðiz sʌluʃʌnz.

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jenny/13348

I do want to say, as a concluding point, and when we were talking about this massive change and this massive opportunity that we're talking about in this course.

i do want to say, as a concluding point, and when we were talking about this massive change and this massive opportunity that we're talking about in this course.

very fast

aɪ du wɑnt tu seɪ, æz ʌ kʌnkludɪŋ pɔɪnt, ʌnd wɛn wi wɜ˞ tɔkɪŋ ʌbaʊt ðɪs mæsɪv tʃeɪndʒ ʌnd ðɪs mæsɪv ɑpɜ˞tunʌti ðæt wi'ɹeɪ tɔkɪŋ ʌbaʊt ɪn ðɪs kɔɹs.

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jenny/13349

It's you that can make the difference, and we've all agreed on this, it's you out there that can make a difference in what actions you take.

it's you that can make the difference, and we've all agreed on this, it's you out there that can make a difference in what actions you take.

very fast

ɪt'ɛs ju ðæt kæn meɪk ðʌ dɪfɜ˞ʌns, ʌnd wi'vi ɔl ʌɡɹid ɑn ðɪs, ɪt'ɛs ju aʊt ðɛɹ ðæt kæn meɪk ʌ dɪfɜ˞ʌns ɪn wʌt ækʃʌnz ju teɪk.

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jenny/1334

He remembered the sort of terrified fascination with which he had watched them out of the corner of his eye.

he remembered the sort of terrified fascination with which he had watched them out of the corner of his eye.

very fast

hi ɹɪmɛmbɜ˞d ðʌ sɔɹt ʌv tɛɹʌfaɪd fæsʌneɪʃʌn wɪð wɪtʃ hi hæd wɑtʃt ðɛm aʊt ʌv ðʌ kɔɹnɜ˞ ʌv hɪz aɪ.

quite clear

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jenny/13350

And the things you learn from this course can make a big difference.

and the things you learn from this course can make a big difference.

very fast

ʌnd ðʌ θɪŋz ju lɜ˞n fɹʌm ðɪs kɔɹs kæn meɪk ʌ bɪɡ dɪfɜ˞ʌns.

very clear

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jenny/13351

And we look forward to talking with you, and working with you over the coming weeks, to help you realize that opportunity.

and we look forward to talking with you, and working with you over the coming weeks, to help you realize that opportunity.

very fast

ʌnd wi lʊk fɔɹwɜ˞d tu tɔkɪŋ wɪð ju, ʌnd wɜ˞kɪŋ wɪð ju oʊvɜ˞ ðʌ kʌmɪŋ wiks, tu hɛlp ju ɹiʌlaɪz ðæt ɑpɜ˞tunʌti.

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jenny/13352

Thank you very much.

thank you very much.

very fast

θæŋk ju vɛɹi mʌtʃ.

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jenny/13353

My name is Chenggang Xu.

my name is chenggang xu.

very fast

maɪ neɪm ɪz zu.

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jenny/13354

I'm a professor of economics at CKGSB, which is a private business school in China.

i'm a professor of economics at ckgsb, which is a private business school in china.

very fast

aɪ'ɛm ʌ pɹʌfɛsɜ˞ ʌv ɛkʌnɑmɪks æt , wɪtʃ ɪz ʌ pɹaɪvʌt bɪznʌs skul ɪn tʃaɪnʌ.

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jenny/13355

When people claim that the rise of China is the biggest event in the recent economic history in the world.

when people claim that the rise of china is the biggest event in the recent economic history in the world.

very fast

wɛn pipʌl kleɪm ðæt ðʌ ɹaɪz ʌv tʃaɪnʌ ɪz ðʌ bɪɡʌst ɪvɛnt ɪn ðʌ ɹisʌnt ɛkʌnɑmɪk hɪstɜ˞i ɪn ðʌ wɜ˞ld.

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jenny/13356

The qualification is the following.

the qualification is the following.

very fast

ðʌ kwɑlʌfʌkeɪʃʌn ɪz ðʌ fɑloʊɪŋ.

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jenny/13357

If we look at the issues from the point of view of the total GDP.

if we look at the issues from the point of view of the total gdp.

very fast

ɪf wi lʊk æt ðʌ ɪʃuz fɹʌm ðʌ pɔɪnt ʌv vju ʌv ðʌ toʊtʌl ɡidipi.

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jenny/13359

And then the other issue is- the other qualification is poverty relief.

and then the other issue is the other qualification is poverty relief.

very fast

ʌnd ðɛn ðʌ ʌðɜ˞ ɪʃu ɪz- ðʌ ʌðɜ˞ kwɑlʌfʌkeɪʃʌn ɪz pɑvɜ˞ti ɹɪlif.

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jenny/1335

They were men far older than himself, relics of the ancient world, almost the last great figures left over from the heroic days of the Party.

they were men far older than himself, relics of the ancient world, almost the last great figures left over from the heroic days of the party.

very fast

ðeɪ wɜ˞ mɛn fɑɹ oʊldɜ˞ ðæn hɪmsɛlf, ɹɛlɪks ʌv ðʌ eɪntʃʌnt wɜ˞ld, ɔlmoʊst ðʌ læst ɡɹeɪt fɪɡjɜ˞z lɛft oʊvɜ˞ fɹʌm ðʌ hɪɹoʊɪk deɪz ʌv ðʌ pɑɹti.

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jenny/13361

So that is a very important issue.

so that is a very important issue.

very fast

soʊ ðæt ɪz ʌ vɛɹi ɪmpɔɹtʌnt ɪʃu.

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jenny/13362

And then the third aspect is the relative economic development.

and then the third aspect is the relative economic development.

very fast

ʌnd ðɛn ðʌ θɜ˞d æspɛkt ɪz ðʌ ɹɛlʌtɪv ɛkʌnɑmɪk dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt.

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jenny/13363

The so called relative economic development is measured by the per capita GDP compared with the old frontier.

the so called relative economic development is measured by the per capita gdp compared with the old frontier.

very fast

ðʌ soʊ kɔld ɹɛlʌtɪv ɛkʌnɑmɪk dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt ɪz mɛʒɜ˞d baɪ ðʌ pɜ˞ kæpɪtʌ ɡidipi kʌmpɛɹd wɪð ðʌ oʊld fɹʌntɪɹ.

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jenny/13365

So what is the change level?

so what is the change level?

very fast

soʊ wʌt ɪz ðʌ tʃeɪndʒ lɛvʌl?

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jenny/13366

So actually these three aspects are closely related.

so actually these three aspects are closely related.

very fast

soʊ æktʃuʌli ðiz θɹi æspɛkts ɑɹ kloʊsli ɹɪleɪtɪd.

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jenny/13367

Number one issue is the population of China.

number one issue is the population of china.

very fast

nʌmbɜ˞ wʌn ɪʃu ɪz ðʌ pɑpjʌleɪʃʌn ʌv tʃaɪnʌ.

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jenny/13368

So given China is the most populous nation, given the the size of population.

so given china is the most populous nation, given the the size of population.

very fast

soʊ ɡɪvʌn tʃaɪnʌ ɪz ðʌ moʊst pɑpjʌlʌs neɪʃʌn, ɡɪvʌn ðʌ ðʌ saɪz ʌv pɑpjʌleɪʃʌn.

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jenny/13369

And then once you have a faster relative economic growth, the growth of relative economic development, and then you have, there's total GDP increase.

and then once you have a faster relative economic growth, the growth of relative economic development, and then you have, there's total gdp increase.

very fast

ʌnd ðɛn wʌns ju hæv ʌ fæstɜ˞ ɹɛlʌtɪv ɛkʌnɑmɪk ɡɹoʊθ, ðʌ ɡɹoʊθ ʌv ɹɛlʌtɪv ɛkʌnɑmɪk dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt, ʌnd ðɛn ju hæv, ðɛɹ'ɛs toʊtʌl ɡidipi ɪnkɹis.

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jenny/1336

The glamour of the underground struggle and the civil war still faintly clung to them.

the glamour of the underground struggle and the civil war still faintly clung to them.

very fast

ðʌ ɡlæmɜ˞ ʌv ðʌ ʌndɜ˞ɡɹaʊnd stɹʌɡʌl ʌnd ðʌ sɪvʌl wɔɹ stɪl feɪntli klʌŋ tu ðɛm.

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jenny/13370

So these are intimately related.

so these are intimately related.

very fast

soʊ ðiz ɑɹ ɪntʌmʌtli ɹɪleɪtɪd.

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jenny/13371

And another intimate related issue is that, at the very beginning of the Chinese economic reform, China was one of the poorest nations.

and another intimate related issue is that, at the very beginning of the chinese economic reform, china was one of the poorest nations.

very fast

ʌnd ʌnʌðɜ˞ ɪntʌmʌt ɹɪleɪtɪd ɪʃu ɪz ðæt, æt ðʌ vɛɹi bɪɡɪnɪŋ ʌv ðʌ tʃaɪniz ɛkʌnɑmɪk ɹʌfɔɹm, tʃaɪnʌ wɑz wʌn ʌv ðʌ puɹɪst neɪʃʌnz.

slightly clear

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jenny/13372

So this is actually a key point.

so this is actually a key point.

very fast

soʊ ðɪs ɪz æktʃuʌli ʌ ki pɔɪnt.

very clear

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jenny/13374

So that's significantly below the level of the average Africa per capita GDP.

so that's significantly below the level of the average africa per capita gdp.

very fast

soʊ ðæt'ɛs sɪɡnɪfɪkʌntli bɪloʊ ðʌ lɛvʌl ʌv ðʌ ævɜ˞ɪdʒ æfɹʌkɑ pɜ˞ kæpɪtʌ ɡidipi.

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jenny/13375

We are talking about a such very low level.

we are talking about a such very low level.

very fast

wi ɑɹ tɔkɪŋ ʌbaʊt ʌ sʌtʃ vɛɹi loʊ lɛvʌl.

very clear

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jenny/13376

So it's a desperately poor.

so it's a desperately poor.

very fast

soʊ ɪt'ɛs ʌ dɛspɜ˞ʌtli puɹ.

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jenny/13379

So in that sense is a huge change.

so in that sense is a huge change.

very fast

soʊ ɪn ðæt sɛns ɪz ʌ hjudʒ tʃeɪndʒ.

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jenny/1337

He had the feeling, though already at that time facts and dates were growing blurry, that he had known their names years earlier than he had known that of Big Brother.

he had the feeling, though already at that time facts and dates were growing blurry, that he had known their names years earlier than he had known that of big brother.

very fast

hi hæd ðʌ filɪŋ, ðoʊ ɔlɹɛdi æt ðæt taɪm fækts ʌnd deɪts wɜ˞ ɡɹoʊɪŋ blɜ˞i, ðæt hi hæd noʊn ðɛɹ neɪmz jɪɹz ɜ˞liɜ˞ ðæn hi hæd noʊn ðæt ʌv bɪɡ bɹʌðɜ˞.

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jenny/13380

So if we only look at these factors, then, yes, this is the biggest event in economic history, but some other claims are without the quantification can be exaggerations.

so if we only look at these factors, then, yes, this is the biggest event in economic history, but some other claims are without the quantification can be exaggerations.

very fast

soʊ ɪf wi oʊnli lʊk æt ðiz fæktɜ˞z, ðɛn, jɛs, ðɪs ɪz ðʌ bɪɡʌst ɪvɛnt ɪn ɛkʌnɑmɪk hɪstɜ˞i, bʌt sʌm ʌðɜ˞ kleɪmz ɑɹ wɪθaʊt ðʌ kwɑntɪfʌkeɪʃʌn kæn bi ɪɡzædʒɜ˞eɪʃʌnz.

quite clear

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jenny/13383

So China is still below that level.

so china is still below that level.

very fast

soʊ tʃaɪnʌ ɪz stɪl bɪloʊ ðæt lɛvʌl.

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jenny/13384

So we have to keep in mind in our understanding.

so we have to keep in mind in our understanding.

very fast

soʊ wi hæv tu kip ɪn maɪnd ɪn aʊɜ˞ ʌndɜ˞stændɪŋ.

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jenny/13385

And also when we talk about this growth rate, the key point is that that the starting point was very low.

and also when we talk about this growth rate, the key point is that that the starting point was very low.

very fast

ʌnd ɔlsoʊ wɛn wi tɔk ʌbaʊt ðɪs ɡɹoʊθ ɹeɪt, ðʌ ki pɔɪnt ɪz ðæt ðæt ðʌ stɑɹtɪŋ pɔɪnt wɑz vɛɹi loʊ.

slightly clear

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jenny/13386

Actually that's terrible important.

actually that's terrible important.

very fast

æktʃuʌli ðæt'ɛs tɛɹʌbʌl ɪmpɔɹtʌnt.

very clear

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jenny/13387

So without understanding that, talking about the rise of China can be misleading.

so without understanding that, talking about the rise of china can be misleading.

very fast

soʊ wɪθaʊt ʌndɜ˞stændɪŋ ðæt, tɔkɪŋ ʌbaʊt ðʌ ɹaɪz ʌv tʃaɪnʌ kæn bi mɪslidɪŋ.

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jenny/13388

So because at the beginning, China was so weak, so poor.

so because at the beginning, china was so weak, so poor.

very fast

soʊ bɪkɔz æt ðʌ bɪɡɪnɪŋ, tʃaɪnʌ wɑz soʊ wik, soʊ puɹ.

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jenny/13389

So in general, the whole national economy is at a poverty level.

so in general, the whole national economy is at a poverty level.

very fast

soʊ ɪn dʒɛnɜ˞ʌl, ðʌ hoʊl næʃʌnʌl ɪkɑnʌmi ɪz æt ʌ pɑvɜ˞ti lɛvʌl.

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jenny/1338

But also they were outlaws, enemies, untouchables, doomed with absolute certainty to extinction within a year or two.

but also they were outlaws, enemies, untouchables, doomed with absolute certainty to extinction within a year or two.

very fast

bʌt ɔlsoʊ ðeɪ wɜ˞ aʊtlɔz, ɛnʌmiz, ʌntʌtʃʌbʌlz, dumd wɪð æbsʌlut sɜ˞tʌnti tu ɪkstɪŋkʃʌn wɪðɪn ʌ jɪɹ ɔɹ tu.

quite clear

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jenny/13390

So when we talk about these growth achievements in China in the recent four decades, we always associate this with the economic reform.

so when we talk about these growth achievements in china in the recent four decades, we always associate this with the economic reform.

very fast

soʊ wɛn wi tɔk ʌbaʊt ðiz ɡɹoʊθ ʌtʃivmʌnts ɪn tʃaɪnʌ ɪn ðʌ ɹisʌnt fɔɹ dɛkeɪdz, wi ɔlweɪz ʌsoʊsiʌt ðɪs wɪð ðʌ ɛkʌnɑmɪk ɹʌfɔɹm.

quite clear

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jenny/13391

So why reform?

so why reform?

very fast

soʊ waɪ ɹʌfɔɹm?

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jenny/13392

This is the key issue actually.

this is the key issue actually.

very fast

ðɪs ɪz ðʌ ki ɪʃu æktʃuʌli.

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jenny/13394

When reform started, the level is about the same, that relative development level is slightly higher, but it's so marginal.

when reform started, the level is about the same, that relative development level is slightly higher, but it's so marginal.

very fast

wɛn ɹʌfɔɹm stɑɹtɪd, ðʌ lɛvʌl ɪz ʌbaʊt ðʌ seɪm, ðæt ɹɛlʌtɪv dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt lɛvʌl ɪz slaɪtli haɪɜ˞, bʌt ɪt'ɛs soʊ mɑɹdʒʌnʌl.

quite clear

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jenny/13395

So basically, we could ignore that.

so basically, we could ignore that.

very fast

soʊ beɪsɪkli, wi kʊd ɪɡnɔɹ ðæt.

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jenny/13398

So then why reform is so important?

so then why reform is so important?

very fast

soʊ ðɛn waɪ ɹʌfɔɹm ɪz soʊ ɪmpɔɹtʌnt?

very clear

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jenny/13399

It's so clear that before the reform, basically there is no catch up.

it's so clear that before the reform, basically there is no catch up.

very fast

ɪt'ɛs soʊ klɪɹ ðæt bɪfɔɹ ðʌ ɹʌfɔɹm, beɪsɪkli ðɛɹ ɪz noʊ kætʃ ʌp.

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jenny/1339

No one who had once fallen into the hands of the Thought Police ever escaped in the end.

no one who had once fallen into the hands of the thought police ever escaped in the end.

very fast

noʊ wʌn hu hæd wʌns fɑlʌn ɪntu ðʌ hændz ʌv ðʌ θɔt pʌlis ɛvɜ˞ ɪskeɪpt ɪn ðʌ ɛnd.

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jenny/133

little boy screaming with fright and hiding his head between her breasts as if he was trying to burrow right into her and the woman putting her arms round him and comforting him although she was blue with fright herself, all the time covering him up as much as possible as if she thought her arms could keep the bullets off him.

little boy screaming with fright and hiding his head between her breasts as if he was trying to burrow right into her and the woman putting her arms round him and comforting him although she was blue with fright herself, all the time covering him up as much as possible as if she thought her arms could keep the bullets off him.

very fast

lɪtʌl bɔɪ skɹimɪŋ wɪð fɹaɪt ʌnd haɪdɪŋ hɪz hɛd bɪtwin hɜ˞ bɹɛsts æz ɪf hi wɑz tɹaɪɪŋ tu bɜ˞oʊ ɹaɪt ɪntu hɜ˞ ʌnd ðʌ wʊmʌn pʌtɪŋ hɜ˞ ɑɹmz ɹaʊnd hɪm ʌnd kʌmfɜ˞tɪŋ hɪm ɔlðoʊ ʃi wɑz blu wɪð fɹaɪt hɜ˞sɛlf, ɔl ðʌ taɪm kʌvɜ˞ɪŋ hɪm ʌp æz mʌtʃ æz pɑsʌbʌl æz ɪf ʃi θɔt hɜ˞ ɑɹmz kʊd kip ðʌ bʊlʌts ɔf hɪm.

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jenny/13400

And also we know what happened before the economic reform.

and also we know what happened before the economic reform.

very fast

ʌnd ɔlsoʊ wi noʊ wʌt hæpʌnd bɪfɔɹ ðʌ ɛkʌnɑmɪk ɹʌfɔɹm.

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jenny/13401

So there were two disasters movements.

so there were two disasters movements.

very fast

soʊ ðɛɹ wɜ˞ tu dɪzæstɜ˞z muvmʌnts.

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jenny/13402

One is the Great Leap Forward movement, the other is the Cultural Revolution.

one is the great leap forward movement, the other is the cultural revolution.

very fast

wʌn ɪz ðʌ ɡɹeɪt lip fɔɹwɜ˞d muvmʌnt, ðʌ ʌðɜ˞ ɪz ðʌ kʌltʃɜ˞ʌl ɹɛvʌluʃʌn.

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jenny/13403

So reform means no Great Leap Forward movement, no Cultural Revolution and the whole way of organizing the economy has to be changed.

so reform means no great leap forward movement, no cultural revolution and the whole way of organizing the economy has to be changed.

very fast

soʊ ɹʌfɔɹm minz noʊ ɡɹeɪt lip fɔɹwɜ˞d muvmʌnt, noʊ kʌltʃɜ˞ʌl ɹɛvʌluʃʌn ʌnd ðʌ hoʊl weɪ ʌv ɔɹɡʌnaɪzɪŋ ðʌ ɪkɑnʌmi hæz tu bi tʃeɪndʒd.

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13404

So there is a sort of a misleading explanation about China, saying that China was a centrally planned economy and then changing to a market economy.

so there is a sort of a misleading explanation about china, saying that china was a centrally planned economy and then changing to a market economy.

very fast

soʊ ðɛɹ ɪz ʌ sɔɹt ʌv ʌ mɪslidɪŋ ɛksplʌneɪʃʌn ʌbaʊt tʃaɪnʌ, seɪɪŋ ðæt tʃaɪnʌ wɑz ʌ sɛntɹʌli plænd ɪkɑnʌmi ʌnd ðɛn tʃeɪndʒɪŋ tu ʌ mɑɹkʌt ɪkɑnʌmi.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

jenny/13405

This is not quite accurate.

this is not quite accurate.

very fast

ðɪs ɪz nɑt kwaɪt ækjɜ˞ʌt.

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13406

So it's no longer a Soviet type of centrally planned economy anymore.

so it's no longer a soviet type of centrally planned economy anymore.

very fast

soʊ ɪt'ɛs noʊ lɔŋɡɜ˞ ʌ soʊviʌt taɪp ʌv sɛntɹʌli plænd ɪkɑnʌmi ɛnimɔɹ.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13407

So the institution has been changed, the centrally planned being abandoned.

so the institution has been changed, the centrally planned being abandoned.

very fast

soʊ ðʌ ɪnstɪtuʃʌn hæz bɪn tʃeɪndʒd, ðʌ sɛntɹʌli plænd biɪŋ ʌbændʌnd.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13408

So it becomes administratively a plan, but not a centrally planned economy.

so it becomes administratively a plan, but not a centrally planned economy.

very fast

soʊ ɪt bɪkʌmz ædmɪnʌstɹeɪtɪvli ʌ plæn, bʌt nɑt ʌ sɛntɹʌli plænd ɪkɑnʌmi.

very clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

jenny/13409

So based upon this institution.

so based upon this institution.

very fast

soʊ beɪst ʌpɑn ðɪs ɪnstɪtuʃʌn.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/1340

They were corpses waiting to be sent back to the grave.

they were corpses waiting to be sent back to the grave.

very fast

ðeɪ wɜ˞ kɔɹpsʌz weɪtɪŋ tu bi sɛnt bæk tu ðʌ ɡɹeɪv.

very clear

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

jenny/13410

So there are two waves of changing from the Soviet system into this kind of a Chinese type of administratively plan of the economy, which I called regionally decentralized totalitarian system.

so there are two waves of changing from the soviet system into this kind of a chinese type of administratively plan of the economy, which i called regionally decentralized totalitarian system.

very fast

soʊ ðɛɹ ɑɹ tu weɪvz ʌv tʃeɪndʒɪŋ fɹʌm ðʌ soʊviʌt sɪstʌm ɪntu ðɪs kaɪnd ʌv ʌ tʃaɪniz taɪp ʌv ædmɪnʌstɹeɪtɪvli plæn ʌv ðʌ ɪkɑnʌmi, wɪtʃ aɪ kɔld ɹidʒʌnʌli dɪsɛntɹʌlaɪzd toʊtælɪtɛɹiʌn sɪstʌm.

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13411

So based upon this kind of institution and the end of the cultural revolution, the economic reform started.

so based upon this kind of institution and the end of the cultural revolution, the economic reform started.

very fast

soʊ beɪst ʌpɑn ðɪs kaɪnd ʌv ɪnstɪtuʃʌn ʌnd ðʌ ɛnd ʌv ðʌ kʌltʃɜ˞ʌl ɹɛvʌluʃʌn, ðʌ ɛkʌnɑmɪk ɹʌfɔɹm stɑɹtɪd.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13412

Then in the earlier decades of the economic reforms, the major strategy is regional competition.

then in the earlier decades of the economic reforms, the major strategy is regional competition.

very fast

ðɛn ɪn ðʌ ɜ˞liɜ˞ dɛkeɪdz ʌv ðʌ ɛkʌnɑmɪk ɹʌfɔɹmz, ðʌ meɪdʒɜ˞ stɹætʌdʒi ɪz ɹidʒʌnʌl kɑmpʌtɪʃʌn.

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13413

So this so-called regional competition is qualitatively different from market competition.

so this so called regional competition is qualitatively different from market competition.

very fast

soʊ ðɪs soʊ-kɔld ɹidʒʌnʌl kɑmpʌtɪʃʌn ɪz kwɑlʌteɪtɪvli dɪfɜ˞ʌnt fɹʌm mɑɹkʌt kɑmpʌtɪʃʌn.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13414

Here, the competition is not in the sense of profit maximization, is not in the sense of competition in the market.

here, the competition is not in the sense of profit maximization, is not in the sense of competition in the market.

very fast

hiɹ, ðʌ kɑmpʌtɪʃʌn ɪz nɑt ɪn ðʌ sɛns ʌv pɹɑfʌt mæksɪmɪzeɪʃʌn, ɪz nɑt ɪn ðʌ sɛns ʌv kɑmpʌtɪʃʌn ɪn ðʌ mɑɹkʌt.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13415

Instead, these are a sort of a tournament competition that the local governments are ranked.

instead, these are a sort of a tournament competition that the local governments are ranked.

very fast

ɪnstɛd, ðiz ɑɹ ʌ sɔɹt ʌv ʌ tʊɹnʌmʌnt kɑmpʌtɪʃʌn ðæt ðʌ loʊkʌl ɡʌvɜ˞mʌnts ɑɹ ɹæŋkt.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13416

So they compete for ranking, they compete to become number one.

so they compete for ranking, they compete to become number one.

very fast

soʊ ðeɪ kʌmpit fɔɹ ɹæŋkɪŋ, ðeɪ kʌmpit tu bɪkʌm nʌmbɜ˞ wʌn.

very clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

jenny/13419

They want to be the number one in the province.

they want to be the number one in the province.

very fast

ðeɪ wɑnt tu bi ðʌ nʌmbɜ˞ wʌn ɪn ðʌ pɹɑvʌns.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/1341

There was no one at any of the tables nearest to them.

there was no one at any of the tables nearest to them.

very fast

ðɛɹ wɑz noʊ wʌn æt ɛni ʌv ðʌ teɪbʌlz nɪɹʌst tu ðɛm.

very clear

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

jenny/13421

They compete each other as well.

they compete each other as well.

very fast

ðeɪ kʌmpit itʃ ʌðɜ˞ æz wɛl.

very clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

jenny/13422

And here, the key issue is what are the targets of the competition?

and here, the key issue is what are the targets of the competition?

very fast

ʌnd hiɹ, ðʌ ki ɪʃu ɪz wʌt ɑɹ ðʌ tɑɹɡʌts ʌv ðʌ kɑmpʌtɪʃʌn?

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13423

So in the earlier stages of the economic reform, the competition target is GDP growth rate, and turns out this is a very effective approach in terms of promoting the economic reform and the growth.

so in the earlier stages of the economic reform, the competition target is gdp growth rate, and turns out this is a very effective approach in terms of promoting the economic reform and the growth.

very fast

soʊ ɪn ðʌ ɜ˞liɜ˞ steɪdʒʌz ʌv ðʌ ɛkʌnɑmɪk ɹʌfɔɹm, ðʌ kɑmpʌtɪʃʌn tɑɹɡʌt ɪz ɡidipi ɡɹoʊθ ɹeɪt, ʌnd tɜ˞nz aʊt ðɪs ɪz ʌ vɛɹi ɪfɛktɪv ʌpɹoʊtʃ ɪn tɜ˞mz ʌv pɹʌmoʊtɪŋ ðʌ ɛkʌnɑmɪk ɹʌfɔɹm ʌnd ðʌ ɡɹoʊθ.

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13424

So this is how the reform is that associated with growth or growth is associated with reform, because in order to grow, the regional governments have to find their way.

so this is how the reform is that associated with growth or growth is associated with reform, because in order to grow, the regional governments have to find their way.

very fast

soʊ ðɪs ɪz haʊ ðʌ ɹʌfɔɹm ɪz ðæt ʌsoʊsieɪtɪd wɪð ɡɹoʊθ ɔɹ ɡɹoʊθ ɪz ʌsoʊsieɪtɪd wɪð ɹʌfɔɹm, bɪkɔz ɪn ɔɹdɜ˞ tu ɡɹoʊ, ðʌ ɹidʒʌnʌl ɡʌvɜ˞mʌnts hæv tu faɪnd ðɛɹ weɪ.

quite clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

jenny/13425

So to grow actually is a big challenge, how to grow.

so to grow actually is a big challenge, how to grow.

very fast

soʊ tu ɡɹoʊ æktʃuʌli ɪz ʌ bɪɡ tʃælʌndʒ, haʊ tu ɡɹoʊ.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13426

This is a big challenge.

this is a big challenge.

very fast

ðɪs ɪz ʌ bɪɡ tʃælʌndʒ.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13427

So at the very beginning of the reform, there were lots of emphasis on the reform of the state sectors, but turns out that is not working well, that didn't work well.

so at the very beginning of the reform, there were lots of emphasis on the reform of the state sectors, but turns out that is not working well, that didn't work well.

very fast

soʊ æt ðʌ vɛɹi bɪɡɪnɪŋ ʌv ðʌ ɹʌfɔɹm, ðɛɹ wɜ˞ lɑts ʌv ɛmfʌsʌs ɑn ðʌ ɹʌfɔɹm ʌv ðʌ steɪt sɛktɜ˞z, bʌt tɜ˞nz aʊt ðæt ɪz nɑt wɜ˞kɪŋ wɛl, ðæt 'ti wɜ˞k wɛl.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13428

And the first successful reform was in agriculture.

and the first successful reform was in agriculture.

very fast

ʌnd ðʌ fɜ˞st sʌksɛsfʌl ɹʌfɔɹm wɑz ɪn æɡɹɪkʌltʃɜ˞.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13429

Actually it involves the land reform.

actually it involves the land reform.

very fast

æktʃuʌli ɪt ɪnvɑlvz ðʌ lænd ɹʌfɔɹm.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/1342

It was not wise even to be seen in the neighbourhood of such people.

it was not wise even to be seen in the neighbourhood of such people.

very fast

ɪt wɑz nɑt waɪz ivɪn tu bi sin ɪn ðʌ neɪbɜ˞hʊd ʌv sʌtʃ pipʌl.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13430

Is a partial privatization.

is a partial privatization.

very fast

ɪz ʌ pɑɹʃʌl pɹaɪvʌtʌzeɪʃʌn.

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13431

Partial means, there is no fundamental change in ownership, but using rights have been privatized.

partial means, there is no fundamental change in ownership, but using rights have been privatized.

very fast

pɑɹʃʌl minz, ðɛɹ ɪz noʊ fʌndʌmɛntʌl tʃeɪndʒ ɪn oʊnɜ˞ʃɪp, bʌt juzɪŋ ɹaɪts hæv bɪn pɹaɪvʌtaɪzd.

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13432

So with using rights and also the exchange of using rights, these are privatized.

so with using rights and also the exchange of using rights, these are privatized.

very fast

soʊ wɪð juzɪŋ ɹaɪts ʌnd ɔlsoʊ ðʌ ɪkstʃeɪndʒ ʌv juzɪŋ ɹaɪts, ðiz ɑɹ pɹaɪvʌtaɪzd.

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13433

So based upon that, there is a sort of industrial revolution in the sense of the rural industrial development.

so based upon that, there is a sort of industrial revolution in the sense of the rural industrial development.

very fast

soʊ beɪst ʌpɑn ðæt, ðɛɹ ɪz ʌ sɔɹt ʌv ɪndʌstɹiʌl ɹɛvʌluʃʌn ɪn ðʌ sɛns ʌv ðʌ ɹʊɹʌl ɪndʌstɹiʌl dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt.

quite clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

jenny/13438

So if we are talking about the so called the China miracle, what is the miracle?

so if we are talking about the so called the china miracle, what is the miracle?

very fast

soʊ ɪf wi ɑɹ tɔkɪŋ ʌbaʊt ðʌ soʊ kɔld ðʌ tʃaɪnʌ mɪɹʌkʌl, wʌt ɪz ðʌ mɪɹʌkʌl?

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13439

This is the miracle.

this is the miracle.

very fast

ðɪs ɪz ðʌ mɪɹʌkʌl.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/1343

They were sitting in silence before glasses of the gin flavoured with cloves which was the speciality of the cafe.

they were sitting in silence before glasses of the gin flavoured with cloves which was the speciality of the cafe.

very fast

ðeɪ wɜ˞ sɪtɪŋ ɪn saɪlʌns bɪfɔɹ ɡlæsʌz ʌv ðʌ dʒɪn wɪð kloʊvz wɪtʃ wɑz ðʌ spɛʃiælɪti ʌv ðʌ kʌfeɪ.

quite clear

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

jenny/13440

That's right.

that's right.

very fast

ðæt'ɛs ɹaɪt.

very clear

slightly confined sounding

very monotone

jenny/13441

Professor Chang, who governs China today?

professor chang, who governs china today?

very fast

pɹʌfɛsɜ˞ tʃæŋ, hu ɡʌvɜ˞nz tʃaɪnʌ tʌdeɪ?

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13442

Why do the Chinese people support or allow the party to govern?

why do the chinese people support or allow the party to govern?

very fast

waɪ du ðʌ tʃaɪniz pipʌl sʌpɔɹt ɔɹ ʌlaʊ ðʌ pɑɹti tu ɡʌvɜ˞n?

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13443

This was the Cultural Revolution.

this was the cultural revolution.

very fast

ðɪs wɑz ðʌ kʌltʃɜ˞ʌl ɹɛvʌluʃʌn.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13444

Then as the country became richer, it became a desirable market, right.

then as the country became richer, it became a desirable market, right.

very fast

ðɛn æz ðʌ kʌntɹi bɪkeɪm ɹɪtʃɜ˞, ɪt bɪkeɪm ʌ dɪzaɪɹʌbʌl mɑɹkʌt, ɹaɪt.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13445

So China has the largest automobile market in the world today.

so china has the largest automobile market in the world today.

very fast

soʊ tʃaɪnʌ hæz ðʌ lɑɹdʒʌst ɔtʌmoʊbil mɑɹkʌt ɪn ðʌ wɜ˞ld tʌdeɪ.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13446

Good question.

good question.

very fast

ɡʊd kwɛstʃʌn.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13447

Where does this opposition lie?

where does this opposition lie?

very fast

wɛɹ dʌz ðɪs ɑpʌzɪʃʌn laɪ?

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/13448

Well, Francesca, that's a great question.

well, francesca, that's a great question.

very fast

wɛl, fɹæntʃɛskʌ, ðæt'ɛs ʌ ɡɹeɪt kwɛstʃʌn.

very clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

jenny/13449

It's really quite sad to see from the outside.

it's really quite sad to see from the outside.

very fast

ɪt'ɛs ɹɪli kwaɪt sæd tu si fɹʌm ðʌ aʊtsaɪd.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

jenny/1344

Of the three, it was Rutherford whose appearance had most impressed Winston.

of the three, it was rutherford whose appearance had most impressed winston.

very fast

ʌv ðʌ θɹi, ɪt wɑz ɹʌθɜ˞fɜ˞d huz ʌpɪɹʌns hæd moʊst ɪmpɹɛst wɪnstʌn.

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone