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Who directed the premiere episode of season four of Game of Thrones?

D.B. Weiss, who also co-authored the season four premiere episode, directed "Two Swords."

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Why are mama's boys the worst partners?

Mama's boys grow up to be horrible partners because they never really grow up to be fully functioning adults. They were raised thinking they are the center of the universe. Their moms made them believe they could do no wrong. They never learned how to be considerate of other people's feelings. They learned that no matter what, mama would always be around to clean up their mess — literally and figuratively. Their moms did their laundry well into their twenties. They don't know how to do basic things around the house like boil an egg, cook rice or pick up after themselves. A telltale sign of a mama's boy: he comes home with a new purchase, opens it up, leaves all the plastic packaging lying around on the kitchen table. It doesn't bother him. He literally does not see the trash he leaves around. Mama's boys don't know how to pay their bills, manage their checking accounts, do grocery shopping and many, many more things. But these behaviors are symbolic of a much deeper deficiency: their emotional intelligence is practically nonexistent. Typically, it takes decades to train a mama's boy to be a fully functioning adult who can be an acceptable partner. It's possible only if he's willing to admit his faults and try every day to be a better human being.

general_qa

Which is a species of fish? Seahorse or Arabian

Seahorse

classification

What year did Wyoming become a state?

1890

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find the most famous historical places in Egypt

Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which reflects its unique transcontinental location being simultaneously Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and North African. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Sunni Muslim country, albeit with a significant Christian minority, along with other lesser practiced faiths.

the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest

information_extraction

What is the best time to study

Morning. Because your mind will be fresh

brainstorming

Who and when was the compass invented?

Over 2000 years ago by the Chinese, by magnetizing needles made from iron, and placing them in water

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Why is baseball considered such a quintessential US sport?

There are many factors that make many Americans think of baseball as "America's pastime." Possibly the biggest factor is that baseball has been played for so long that it's history ties together generations of Americans through their common rooting interest in their favorite teams. Another reason: baseball players became celebrities and figures in pop culture long before such a thing was common in other sports. While baseball has lagged in growth in recent times when compared to leagues such as the NFL and the NBA, it is still a vibrant sport with large revenues and extremely passionate fan bases around the country.

general_qa

What is mutually assured destruction?

Mutually assured destruction is the belief that two countries will not attack each other if each country has the ability to destroy the other with the same amount of military power. Mutually assured destruction or "MAD" is a principle from the era of the Cold War and is considered part of a US military doctrine. The policy is often applied to the use of nuclear weapons. For example, because both the United States and Russia have nuclear weapons that could annihilate large populations, neither uses them. To do so, would mean the end of both populations, and a large part of humanity.

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here is some information about Ross McLean, how many years was Ross president of the Leavue of help for sick and elderly?

He was a member of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Board of Directors for five years from 1999. He was chair of the National Childcare Accreditation Council for four years from 1996 to 1999. He was president of the Association for the Blind of WA from 1995 to 1999. He was president of the League of Help for the Sick and Elderly of WA from 1995 to 1997. In December 2001 he resigned as chairman of the Fremantle Football Club in the wake of revelations that the club had exceeded the salary cap for the 2001 season. He was a member of the Board of the Western Australian Cricket Association from 2004 to 2012.

2 years, between 1995 to 1997.

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Provide a bulleted list of easy accommodations for autistic individuals in the workplace.

Noise-canceling headphones Ability to control lighting -- dimming the lights, lamp light instead of overhead lights, or the ability to let in or reduce natural light Make a quiet sensory free room available for breaks or individual work Allow pets in the office

brainstorming

What is the difference between it's and its?

"It's" is a contraction for "it is". Whereas "its" is the possessive pronoun for it

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Argue that large language models are not conscious.

Large language models weren't designed to be conscious, and so it seems unlikely that consciousness would emerge as an unintended side effect, or emergent property, of these models.

creative_writing

Give me five tips for practicing a speech.

(1) Write out the speech by hand. Handwriting can help you to memorize the text. (2) Write out a very short (5-point) outline, with one or two key lines you want to emphasize. If you can remember these, you can fill in the rest. (3) Practice the speech in an unusual situation, such as facing a blank wall or in the middle of an open field. If you can stay on point and deliver the speech there, then you can do it in front of an audience. (4) Record yourself practicing, and listen to the recording. Ideally, use video so you can see your gestures and body language. (5) Practice in an exaggerated manner: speak more loudly than you think you need to; use big, slow hand gestures; and speak more slowly than you plan to.

brainstorming

When giving examples of what is a verb and what is a noun, explain which of these words falls into which category. Slowly, wipe, tidily, fully, jump, yell, sleep, talk, hopelessly.

Wipe, jump, yell, sleep and talk are all examples of verbs. Slowly, tidily, fully and hopelessly are adverbs.

classification

What is the best way to get from one place to another?

The term "best" is relative to your individual preferences and circumstances. In general, how to get from one place to another depends on several key factors, such as the distance between these two places, available methods of transportations, and the amount of money that you are willing to spend. Additional factors to consider are whether you have a preferred method of transportation and how much time you are willing to spend on this trip. Cheaper transportation options may take a longer time. The methods of transportation include airplanes, trains, ships or ferries, busses, and cars, but not all locations have all these transportation methods available. Usually, if the two places are relatively close to each other, a bus or a train may be a good option. If public transportation between these two places is not well established, then a personal car may be a reasonable alternative. In some circumstances, when the distance between the two place is very short, less than three miles or so, walking may be your best option. This, of course, depends on your ability and willingness to walk that distance. If the two places are relatively far, usually more than a couple hundred miles, an airplane may be a good option to consider.

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Which city is best in Australia

There are many great cities in Australia. Which is best depends on what you like. Sydney is known for its beauty with some of Australia's most iconic landmarks such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge and Sydney Opera House. Sydney is also the largest city in Australia. Melbourne is knowns for its fun nightlife, culture, and sport, hosting events like the Australian F1 and the Australian Open tennis grand slam. Adelaide is known for its food, and wine, and for being a great place to live. And Hobart in Tasmania is surrounded by great food and beautiful surroundings and is increasingly regarded as one of the best places in Australia for families.

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Classify each of the following as either computer hardware or computer software: hard drive, text editor, keyboard, monitor, mouse, operating system, and Internet browser.

hard drive - computer hardware, text editor - computer software, keyboard - computer hardware, monitor - computer hardware, mouse - computer hardware, operating system - computer software, and Internet browser - computer software.

classification

What is efficient market hypothesis?

Efficient market hypothesis postulates that markets converge on a fair price with all available information being generally available to the market. Thus it is not logical that any one person can beat the market, if all information is generally available.

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write a short essay fire fighters working on California wild fires

The wildfires that rage through California every year are some of the most destructive and dangerous natural disasters that the state faces. The firefighters who work tirelessly to control these fires are some of the bravest and most dedicated professionals in the world. Firefighters working on California wildfires are faced with enormous challenges. The fires can spread quickly, fueled by strong winds and dry conditions, and can be difficult to control. Firefighters often work long hours in dangerous conditions, battling flames that can reach hundreds of feet high. Despite the risks, California's firefighters are highly trained and equipped with state-of-the-art technology to help them do their jobs. They use a range of tools, from helicopters and bulldozers to chainsaws and shovels, to contain the fires and prevent them from spreading. Firefighters working on California wildfires come from all over the state and sometimes from other states as well. They work together in teams, coordinating their efforts to make the most effective use of resources and manpower. They work not just to control the fires, but also to help people who have been affected by them, offering shelter and support to those who have lost their homes or businesses. The bravery and dedication of California's firefighters cannot be overstated. They put their lives on the line to protect others, working tirelessly to control fires that threaten entire communities. Their work is essential to the safety and well-being of the state's residents, and they are rightly celebrated as heroes for their efforts.

creative_writing

Give me a list of the best golf movies I've never seen.

- Caddyshack - Tin Cup - The Greatest Game Ever Played - The Legend of Bagger Vance

brainstorming

Who is Milka Ivić?

Milka Ivić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милка Ивић, 11 December 1923 – 7 March 2011) was a Serbian linguist.

Milka Ivić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милка Ивић, 11 December 1923 – 7 March 2011) was a Serbian linguist. She was born in Belgrade. She took her doctorate in 1954 with the thesis Značenja srpskohrvatskoga instrumentala i njihov razvoj (The Meanings of Serbo-Croatian Instrumental and Their Development), and became a professor of Serbian and Croatian language at the University of Novi Sad. She was especially known for her book Pravci u lingvistici (Trends [Movements] in Linguistics). She was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1976, a corresponding member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1983,and a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

summarization

Tell me whether these are literary genres or titles of books: Non-fiction, 1984, Mystery, The lost girls of paris, Fiction, Narrative, The one and only Ruby, Mary Poppins, Science fiction.

Sure, literary genres include: Non-fiction, Mystery, Fiction, Narrative, and Science fiction. Titles of books from this list are: 1984, The Lost girls of Paris, The One and Only Ruby, Marry Poppins.

classification

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Flexatone, Ek Tare

Ek Tare is string, Flexatone is percussion.

classification

Which are the states in India with coastlines?

Most of the southern states in India are having coastlines that include Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andra Pradesh, and Telangana. Towards the east-west Bengal and Orissa have a long coastline and towards the west Maharashtra and Gujrat.

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How to find a boyfriend or girlfriend?

Finding a partner is a life topic. People fall in love in very different ways. Some people will start a relationship with friends after knowing each other for years, while some will love someone who was still a completely stranger yesterday. Some people will completely rely on serendipity to meet someone new, while some use dating apps to find a potential lover with clear purposes. There are no right ways to start a relationship, but a wrong relationship can be harmful to both sides. Therefore, you should take your take and never rush into a new relationship. Some tips for finding a BF or GF: 1. Participate in more events to meet new people. For example, exercise classes, clubs of your hobby, volunteering, and parties can be a good start. 2. Ask your friends to recommend some guy/girl they know. Friends can be a reliable source since they share similar background and experience with you. 3. Be nice, honest and helpful to everyone you meet. This can help you to build good reputation in your friends circle so that people are more likely to be attracted by you. 4. Know a person well before you start developing a romantic relationship with him/her. Some people may be very different as a friend vs. in a relationship. It's better to spend more time dating, knowing his/her life before making a decision.

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what is north america

North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere.

North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean. Because it is on the North American Tectonic Plate, Greenland is included as a part of North America geographically.

summarization

Who was General Sir Henry Clinton

General Sir Henry Clinton, KB (16 April 1730 – 23 December 1795) was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1772 and 1795. He is best known for his service as a general during the American War of Independence. First arriving in Boston in May 1775, from 1778 to 1782 he was the British Commander-in-Chief in North America. In addition to his military service, due to the influence of his cousin Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, he was a Member of Parliament for many years. Late in life he was named Governor of Gibraltar, but died before assuming the post.

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What is the 2008 Scottish Labour deputy leadership election?

What was the 2008 Scottish Labour Party deputy leadership election?

The 2008 Scottish Labour Party deputy leadership election was an internal party election to choose a new deputy leader of the Labour Party in the Scottish Parliament, which caused the resignation of Cathy Jamieson. Johann Lamont won the election and was elected deputy leader on Saturday 13 September.

summarization

Classify each of the following as either a wine varietal or style of beer: Lager, Ale, India pale ale, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir

Lager is a style of beer which is brewed and conditioned at low temperature. Ale is a style of beer which is known for being full-bodied and somewhat bitter, with strong flavors and aromas of hops. India pale ale is a hoppy beer typically known for having a higher alcohol by volume (ABV). Sauvignon Blanc is a white wine varietal that originates from the city of Bordeaux in France. Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most recognized red wine grape varieties. Pinot Noir is a red wine grape variety derived from the French words for pine and black.

classification

What is Doña Barbara?

Doña Bárbara is a novel written by the Venezuelan Rómulo Gallegos and published by Editorial Araluce, on February 15 , 1929 . 1 It has been republished more than forty times and translated into other languages. It consists of three parts and is set in Apure plains in Venezuela , on the Arauca river property .

Doña Bárbara is a novel written by the Venezuelan Rómulo Gallegos and published by Editorial Araluce, on February 15 , 1929 . 1 It has been republished more than forty times and translated into other languages. It consists of three parts and is set in Apure plains in Venezuela , on the Arauca river property . Doña Bárbara is the most popular Venezuelan novel: since its appearance in 1929, it has been read avidly perhaps because between the lines Gallegos expressed his rebellion against the dictatorial regime of Juan Vicente Gómez and the backwardness that the country was experiencing. The novel examines the sociological topic, rooted in positivism, civilization versus barbarism in rural Venezuelan life. Among other merits, the writer's mastery in terms of character creation stands out, as well as the description of the llanero landscape.

information_extraction

The first Battle of Panipat was fought in the year

The first Battle of Panipat was fought in the year 1761.

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Who are the tallest people in the world?

The Dutch are the tallest people in the world, with an average height between 175-176cm (depending on your source). The Dutch man drive this number up, with an average of 183 cm, the dutch ladies are only 171 cm on average. Why they are so tall is unknown. Some think it is a combination of genetics, universal healthcare, and dairy at that delicious Gouda cheese consumption - others think the local delicacies called "bitterballen" might have something to do with it.

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Based on the following passage when do schools close and resume after summer holidays in the United States?

Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays. In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August. In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August. In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.

In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.

information_extraction

Give me a bulleted list of ways to get around New York City.

The following is a bulleted list of ways to get around New York City: - The New York City Subway - A taxi cab - Walking - A rideshare car service such as Uber or Lyft - A rideshare moped service such as Revel - New York City's public buses - New York City's ferry service - A rideshare bicycle such as Citibike - Driving your personal vehicle - Riding your personal bicycle - Rollerblading or roller-skating - Taking a pedicab - Taking a scooter

brainstorming

is operations a great career

yes

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Tell me which of these activities are exciting and which are relaxing.

- Reading: relaxing - Riding on a roller coaster: exciting - Laying in a hammock: relaxing - Playing paintball: exciting - Go kart racing: exciting - Skiing: exciting - Watching a cooking show: relaxing - Taking a nap: relaxing

classification

how to handle loneliness in your life?

The first step of handling loneliness, depression is to observe the triggering patterns and understand the causal effect. Once, we identify the time block, try to compartmentalize your feelings and back thoughts. Fill those time blocks or duration of the day with an useful activity such as engaging in a physical activity, picking up sports, cooking or try radically a new activity and immerse yourself. so that the there are no back thoughts in your mind. Plan your weekend and evenings with activities to switch off. Pick up a hobby which you are interested in. Try to go on a date or meetup to whom you can date through various forums outside of your work or a person radically in a different field.

creative_writing

What popular wine varietal is produced in Washington?

Washington is well known for its white wine, Riesling, and red wine, Cabernet Sauvignon.

open_qa

Where can I go to workout?

There are lots of places to go to workout. You can go for a run in the outdoors. You can go to a gym, such as Planet Fitness, LA Fitness, 24 hour fitness, or Equinox. You can also workout at home, with dumbbells or body weight exercises.

general_qa

How many large victories did Nelson have and what were the scores?

The 1926–27 season was the 46th season in the history of Nelson Football Club and their sixth campaign as a professional club in the Football League. Nelson ended the season with a record of 22 wins, 7 draws and 13 defeats, helping the team to a total of 51 points. The team started the campaign well—winning six of the first nine matches—and lost only three matches during the first five months of the campaign. In the 1926–27 season, Nelson recorded several large victories, including a 7–0 win over Accrington Stanley and a 7–1 defeat of Crewe Alexandra. Nelson were consistently near the top of the league table throughout the campaign, but were never able to supplant Stoke City from the top position, and a run of six consecutive losses at the end of the season saw them finish in fifth-place in the league.

2 large wins, 7-0 and 7-1

information_extraction

Classify these as a synthetic or natural fiber

wool, polyester, cotton, silk, nylon, aramid, jute

classification

Please list several after school activities my 8 year old daughter can participate in.

At eight years old, your daughter has many options for after school activities. She could consider an artistic activity like painting, dance, or music classes. She could also join a sports team. Many children her age enjoy soccer. Try to find an activity she can do with her friends, it will make it more fun for her.

brainstorming

What are AAC devices used for?

AAC stands for Augmentative and Alternative Communication. AAC devices provide a way of communication for those with speech impairments. They can be used by people of all ages. There are various kind of AAC devices such as symbol cards or high tech mobile apps.

open_qa

When is a good time to buy a car?

The best time to buy a car is typically at the end of the year, specifically December. This is because car dealerships are trying to meet their monthly, quarterly, and yearly quotas, so they are more likely to offer discounts and incentives. You can also find good deals at the end of the model year, when dealerships are clearing out their inventory to make room for the new models. Apart from this there are multiple sales events from dealerships throughout the year, such as during memorial day weekends.

creative_writing

What kind of species is the Epophthalmia

Epophthalmia a genus of dragonflies in the family Macromiidae.

open_qa

Who is Doom Guy?

The Doomguy (also spelt Doom Guy, as well as referred to as the Doom Marine, Doom Slayer or just the Slayer in Doom (2016) and Doom Eternal) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Doom video game franchise of first-person shooters created by id Software. He was created by American video game designer John Romero. He was introduced as the player character in the original 1993 video game Doom. Within the Doom series, Doomguy is a demon hunter space marine dressed in green combat armor who rarely speaks onscreen, and his personality and backstory were intentionally vague to reinforce his role as a player avatar. In Doom Eternal, he is voiced by American voice actor Matthew Waterson, while Jason Kelley voices the character in that game's downloadable content The Ancient Gods: Part Two. He has appeared in several other games developed by id Software, including Quake Champions and Quake III Arena.

Doom Guy was created by John Romero as the fictional protagonist of the Doom video game. In the game he is a demon hunter space marine dressed in green combat armor.

information_extraction

What is nihilism and why do some people believe it? List some ways that philosophers have proposed to fight against nihilism. Explain to me in a casual tone

Nihilism is a belief that life is ultimately meaningless. Sounds pretty depressing right? Well, there are a number of reasons why one might feel this way. Do you ever feel like you are just going through the motions each day? You wake up, go to work, get off work, sleep, and the cycle continues. You chased after a goal, such as graduating college or getting that next promotion, thinking it would solve all your problems, only to be disappointed after finally getting it. Then you look around the universe that you lives in and find how insignificant your individuality is in the grand schemes of things, you can't help but think to yourself: man, is there any point to life? Does what I do actually matter at all, especially if I'm going to die anyways? If you ever feel this way, know that you are not alone. Many, many philosophers throughout human history have pondered upon this very idea. I'll present a select few philosophers and their proposals to fight against nihilism. One obvious solution, per Danish philosophers Kierkegaard, is religion. He believes that faith should be our purpose in life, following Him and doing good in this life will reap rewards in the afterlife. Now, German philosopher Nietzsche does not agree with that at all; in fact his most famous quote was "God is dead and we killed him". He's talking about how with new advances in science comes the death of religion -- each man must now create his own values and become an ubermensch. The idea of ubermensch, however, kind of throws morality out of window — who is to say one’s value is wrong? Enter Albert Camus and his idea of absurdism. He compares human life to Sisyphus — rolling a giant rock uphill, only for the rock to fall back down after reaching the top — an absurd and meaningless struggle. He suggests that we accept the absurdity of this world and human existence, and instead embrace the present, because “The struggle itself towards the heights is enough to fill a man's heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy”. And there you have it, what nihilism is all about, why it happens and a few ways to fight against it. Note that this is a very extensive topic and what I covered here is only the tip of the iceberg, I’d suggest reading up more if you're interested. Hope it helped!

open_qa

Tell me three ways to get coconut from a coconut tree

Here are the three ways to get coconut from a coconut tree 1) Using a pole and saw: Attach a curved saw to end of a very long stick. Make sure the saw does not fall when you pull on the coconut.Stand away from the bottom of the tree at a safe distance and hook the saw on to the stem of the coconut and pull down. 2) Using foot strap to climb: Make a foot strap out of a cloth or a rope and climb on the coconut tree by gripping the tree with your hand and the knot on your legs. Make sure the loop around your feet is stretched tight against the tree. Once you reach the top of the tree, you can cut a coconut with a knife that you carried on your belt 3) Using a ladder to climb: This method is useful for shorter coconut trees. Keep the ladder slanting against the coconut tree on a stable ground. Make sure the ladder is stable while you climb. Climb up the ladder and once you can reach the coconut, cut it out with a knife.

brainstorming

List all the places and countries mentioned in the paragraph in the format [Place] separated by comma.

Niagara was a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Ontario, which was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1883. It is sometimes also considered one of Ontario's historic counties, as it was listed in some post-Confederation census records as a county of residence. Niagara consisted of the Lincoln County townships of Niagara and Grantham, including the towns of Niagara-on-the-Lake and St. Catharines. The electoral district was abolished in 1882 when it was merged into Lincoln and Niagara riding.

[Niagara],[Ontario],[Canada],[Lincoln County],[Grantham],[Niagara-on-the-Lake],[St. Catharines]

information_extraction

What are the top 7 cities to ride a bicycle?

Based on the Global Bicycle Index, the top 7 cities for riding a bike are: 1. Utrecht, Netherlands 2. Munster, Germany 3. Antwerp, Belgium 4. Copenhagen, Denmark 5. Amsterdam, Netherlands 6. Malmö, Sweden 7. Hangzhou, China

brainstorming

What is Elzéar Abeille de Perrin known for?

Elzéar Emmanuel Arène Abeille de Perrin (3 January 1843, Marseille – 9 October 1910, Marseille) was a French entomologist. Abeille de Perrin was a lawyer in Marseille. He gave all his free time to entomology and was a member of the Société entomologique de France for twenty years. He was especially interested in the cave species of the Pyrenees. His best known publications are Monographie des malachites (1869), Études sur les coléoptères cavernicoles, suivies de la description de 27 coléoptères nouveaux français (1872), Notes sur les leptodirites (1878), and Synopsis critique et synonymique des chrysides de France (1878). His collection of Palearctic, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Orthoptera is conserved in Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris.

Elzéar Abeille de Perrin is best known as a French entomologist. He specialized in studying cave species in the Pyrenees. His best known publications are Monographie des malachites (1869), Études sur les coléoptères cavernicoles, suivies de la description de 27 coléoptères nouveaux français (1872), Notes sur les leptodirites (1878), and Synopsis critique et synonymique des chrysides de France (1878).

information_extraction

What are some fun, safe ways to break a social norm without breaking a law?

Some fun and safe ways to break a social norm without breaking the law could include the following ideas: - Wear winter clothes on a hot day or wear a bathing suit on a cold day - Talk to strangers on the elevator - Pick your nose while talking to someone - Lick the plate at a restaurant - Talk to someone in another stall in a public bathroom

brainstorming

Give me a list of places to go in San Diego, CA with kids

1. San Diego Zoo 2. Sea World 3. Legoland 4. Balboa Park 5. Belmont Park 6. Any of the beaches

brainstorming

Which is a species of fish? Poacher or Hunter

Poacher

classification

What are the top 4 healthier sodas that I should buy?

If you're looking for a healthier alternative to traditional soda, try the following: 1. La Croix 2. Zevia Soda 3. Olipop 4. Poppi

brainstorming

When was IGFBP3 first characterized?

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP3 gene. IGFBP-3 is one of six IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6) that have highly conserved structures and bind the insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 with high affinity. IGFBP-7, sometimes included in this family, shares neither the conserved structural features nor the high IGF affinity. Instead, IGFBP-7 binds IGF1R, which blocks IGF-1 and IGF-2 binding, resulting in apoptosis. Function IGFBP-3 was first isolated, characterized, and quantitated in human plasma, in 1986. It has well-documented functions in the circulation, in the extracellular environment, and inside cells. It is the main IGF transport protein in the bloodstream, where it carries the growth factors predominantly in stable complexes that contain the binding protein, either IGF-1 or IGF-2, and a third protein called the acid-labile subunit or ALS.

The Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 or IGFBP-3 was first isolated, characterized, and quantitated in human plasma, in 1986.

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Write an introductory email to a student I will be academically coaching through Services for Students with Disabilities office (SSD).

Hi Naomi, My name is Chandler, and I am your Academic Coach through the Services for Students with Disabilities office (SSD). I am looking forward to working with you during this time in your academic journey! As your academic coach, my role is to partner with you as we focus on your process of learning. During our time together we will examine your: learning experience habits of working current difficulties or barriers to success While examining these areas we will work together to: Develop individualized learning strategies and study habits Navigate campus resources Promote self-advocacy We will also focus on building and sustaining Executive Functioning skills such as: Time Management Organization Self-regulation Self-efficacy I look forward to hearing back from you.

creative_writing

What is the essence of utilitarianism?

Utilitarianism is a consequentialist approach to normative ethics that holds morally right actions are those that promote the most human happiness. Jeremy Bentham, who created his version of the theory in 1829, and John Stuart Mill who made his in 1861 are considered the founders of utilitarianism, though the basic concept predates either of the two philosophers. Utilitarianism remains as one of the more appealing and compelling approaches to normative ethics.

Utilitarianism evaluates any action in terms of the amount of human happiness delivered as the result of the action.

summarization

Where were the 13th South Asian Games held?

They were held in 3 cities of Nepal-Kathmandu, Pokhara & Janakpur

open_qa

What is the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft?

As of 2023 the SR-71 holds the world record it set in 1976 as the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft.

As of 2023 the SR-71 is the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft. It can reach a maximum speed of Mach 3.3

closed_qa

Why do people travel to different places.

People may travel to just explore the world, see touristic highlights and experience different cultures. For example there are many tourists visiting my home town Cologne to visit the famous cathedral, ancient roman, and medieval remains and the famous romanic churches. Tasting the local beer in the old town is also a famous attraction.

general_qa

Is the USS Rachel Seaman made of metal?

USS Rachel Seaman was a wooden schooner purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

No, it is made of wood.

closed_qa

What is the best stock to buy right now?

It is very difficult to choose a specific stock to buy at the moment. "Picking" stocks that can outperform the market requires careful analysis of company's financials, macroeconomic environment and industry trends. There are people dedicated full time to find the best stocks, but for those that are not interested in doing the necessary research, it is best to buy ETFs or indexes that invest in multiple companies therefore minimizing the overall risk of the investment.

general_qa

Can any piece promote to a queen?

When a pawn advances to its eighth rank, as part of the move, it is promoted and must be exchanged for the player's choice of queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color. Usually, the pawn is chosen to be promoted to a queen, but in some cases, another piece is chosen; this is called underpromotion. In the animated diagram, the pawn on c7 can be advanced to the eighth rank and be promoted. There is no restriction on the piece promoted to, so it is possible to have more pieces of the same type than at the start of the game (e.g., two or more queens). If the required piece is not available (e.g. a second queen) an inverted rook is sometimes used as a substitute, but this is not recognized in FIDE-sanctioned games.

No. In chess, only the pawn is eligible to promote once it reaches the eighth rank on the board.

information_extraction

Given a reference text about the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, how many Super Bowls have they won.

The Tampa Bay Buccaneers are a professional American football team based in Tampa, Florida. The Buccaneers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) South division. The club joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team, along with the Seattle Seahawks, and played its first season in the American Football Conference (AFC) West division. Prior to the 1977 season, Tampa Bay switched conferences and divisions with Seattle, becoming a member of the NFC Central division. As a result of the league's realignment prior to the 2002 season, the Buccaneers joined three former NFC West teams to form the NFC South. The club is owned by the Glazer family and plays its home games at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa. The Buccaneers have won two Super Bowl championships and, along with the Baltimore Ravens, are the only two NFL franchises who are undefeated in multiple Super Bowl appearances. They were regarded as a perennial losing franchise for most of their first two decades due to suffering 26 consecutive losses in their first two seasons (including a winless inaugural season) and 14 consecutive losing seasons from 1983 to 1996. Despite these early struggles, Tampa Bay is the first post-merger expansion team to clinch a division title, win a playoff game, and host a conference championship; feats they accomplished by their fourth season in 1979. The team's image improved by the time of their first championship in 2002, also the first for a franchise built after the merger, but they would not win another playoff game until their second Super Bowl championship season in 2020. Concurrent to the lack of success outside of their Super Bowl wins, the Buccaneers hold the NFL's lowest winning percentage at .404.

The Buccaneers have won two Super Bowl championships.

closed_qa

Tell me which of these are titles from William Gibson: The Peripheral, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, Foundation, Neuromancer, Mona Lisa Overdrive, Count Zero, Pattern Recognition, The Last Question, Jennifer Government

The Peripheral, Neuromancer, Mona Lisa Overdrive, Count Zero, Pattern Recognition

classification

What is American Red Cross

The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a non-profit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the United States movement to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

The American Red Cross is a non profit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States

information_extraction

What is microeconomics?

Microeconimics is concerned with decision-making by individual economic agents such as firms and consumers.

open_qa

Extract and list the names of characters a player can control in The Last of Us mentioned in the paragraph. Also describe relationships between those characters.

The Last of Us is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player traverses post-apocalyptic environments such as towns, buildings, forests, and sewers to advance the story. The player can use firearms, improvised weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. For most of the game, the player takes control of Joel, a man tasked with escorting a young girl, Ellie, across the United States. The player also controls Ellie throughout the game's winter segment and briefly controls Joel's daughter, Sarah, in the opening sequence.

Joel: The man who is controlled by the player most of the game. Ellie: A young girl who is being escorted by Joel across a post-apocalyptic United States. Sarah: Joel's daughter.

information_extraction

Should high school students be allowed to drink coffee?

Coffee contains caffeine that helps boost energy levels in human bodies and there is no clear evidence showing that drinking moderate amounts of coffee would harm human productivity or health. For high school students to not doze off at classes, it could be a good idea to permit a limited amount of coffee intake.

general_qa

What is a mitochondrion?

A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. They were discovered by Albert von Kölliker in 1857 in the voluntary muscles of insects. The term mitochondrion was coined by Carl Benda in 1898. The mitochondrion is popularly nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell", a phrase coined by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 article of the same name. Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells). A large number of unicellular organisms, such as microsporidia, parabasalids and diplomonads, have reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other structures. One eukaryote, Monocercomonoides, is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, and one multicellular organism, Henneguya salminicola, is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. Mitochondria are commonly between 0.75 and 3 μm2 in cross section, but vary considerably in size and structure. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondrial biogenesis is in turn temporally coordinated with these cellular processes. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human disorders and conditions, such as mitochondrial diseases, cardiac dysfunction, heart failure and autism. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. A mature red blood cell has no mitochondria, whereas a liver cell can have more than 2000. The mitochondrion is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, cristae, and matrix. Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own genome ("mitogenome") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy.

open_qa

Classify each word as a noun, verb, or adjective: playground, eating, skinny, chubby, tall, sleeping, bed

Playground: Noun Eating: Verb Skinny: Adjective Chubby: Adjective Tall: Adjective Sleeping: Verb Bed: Noun

classification

Extract what model originated the first practical definition of a digital twin as well as the name of the organization and the year of creation separated by dashes

A digital twin is a digital representation of an intended or actual real-world physical product, system, or process (a physical twin) that serves as the effectively indistinguishable digital counterpart of it for practical purposes, such as simulation, integration, testing, monitoring, and maintenance. The digital twin has been intended from its initial introduction to be the underlying premise for Product Lifecycle Management and exists throughout the entire lifecycle (create, build, operate/support, and dispose) of the physical entity it represents. Since information is granular, the digital twin representation is determined by the value-based use cases it is created to implement. The digital twin can and does often exist before there is a physical entity. The use of a digital twin in the create phase allows the intended entity's entire lifecycle to be modeled and simulated. A digital twin of an existing entity can, but must not necessarily, be used in real time and regularly synchronized with the corresponding physical system.Though the concept originated earlier, the first practical definition of a digital twin originated from NASA in an attempt to improve physical-model simulation of spacecraft in 2010. Digital twins are the result of continual improvement in the creation of product design and engineering activities. Product drawings and engineering specifications have progressed from handmade drafting to computer-aided drafting/computer-aided design to model-based systems engineering and strict link to signal from the physical counterpart.

physical-model simulation of a spacecraft - NASA - 2010

information_extraction

What are five cities in the state of North Carolina?

Five cities in North Carolina are Charlotte, Raleigh, Boone, Durham, and Asheville.

open_qa

How did Frank Stagg die?

Upon conviction, Stagg was given a ten-year sentence and Fell twelve years. (Stagg would later die on a hunger strike.) Thomas Gerald Rush was given seven years and Anthony Roland Lynch, who was also found guilty of possessing articles with intent to destroy property, namely nitric acid, balloons, wax, and sodium chlorate, was given ten years. Fell never admitted IRA membership

Frank Stagg was sentenced to ten years and prison. During his sentence, he went on a hunger strike and died as a result.

summarization

Based on the reference text, which album helped Taylor Swift shift from a country star to more of a pop star?

Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genre-spanning discography, songwriting and artistic reinventions have received critical praise and wide media coverage. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 to become a country artist. She signed a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in 2004 and a recording contract with Big Machine Records in 2005. Her 2006 self-titled debut album made her the first female country artist (singer) to write a U.S. platinum-certified album. Swift's next albums, Fearless (2008) and Speak Now (2010), explored country pop. The former's "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me" were the first country songs to top the U.S. pop and all-genre airplay charts, respectively. She experimented with rock and electronic styles on Red (2012), which featured her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", and eschewed her country image in her synth-pop album, 1989 (2014), supported by chart-topping songs "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood". Media scrutiny inspired the urban-flavored Reputation (2017) and its number-one single "Look What You Made Me Do".

Taylor Swift's 1989 album was her first pop album, helping change her image from a country star.

closed_qa

Which artist's entire 1985 Live Aid set consisted of just a single cover song?

Elvis Costello.

open_qa

What’s your favorite color?

That is entirely up to the person. Some people like blue some people like red some people like green a very popular color is blue.

general_qa

Extract the family that Eudaronia is part of from the text.

Eudaronia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Eudaroniidae within the superfamily Seguenzioidea.

Eudaroniidae

information_extraction

Explain Cricket game

Cricket is mainly played between 2 teams and each team contains 11 players, distance between wickets is about 22 yards, Cricket has 3 different formats One International, T20 format and Test match which is longer format around 5 days, T20 is shorter format of game which has 20 overs to play each side, an Over means 6 deliveries bowled by a bowler, a batter from other team try to defend the bowler, 2nd batting team should be able to chase whatever scored by first batting team to win the game other wise second bowling team wins. If the batter hit the ball and reaches out of boundary line then its considered as six runs, if it crosses boundary line by the ground then it is considered as four, batters allowed to run between the wickets to score singles and doubles, total 11 batters can bat until they get all out, bowler can get out batters in different ways, if he misses the bat and touches the stumps then its called bowled, if fielders take catch with in boundary line then its called catch out, if batter try to take runs in between wickets and fielding team throws the ball at wickets before batter reaches popping crease then its called run out some what similar to baseball, Cricket is second popular sport in the world after soccer, India, England, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand are poplar teams, Virat Kohli is the biggest cricket of current generation. One Day International World cup happens every 4 years most of the times won by Australia, T20 World Cup happens in every 2 years.

creative_writing

What are important elements to consider when putting together a team to execute your operating model for AI?

When building the right team to execute on your operating model for AI it is key to take into account the following elements: 1) How mature is my data foundation: Whether your data is still in silos, stuck in proprietary formats or difficult to access in a unified way will have big implications on the amount of data engineering work and data platform expertise that is required. 2) Infrastructure and platform administration: Whether you need to maintain or leverage as a service offerings can have a huge impact on your overall team composition. Moreover, if your Data and AI platform is made up of multiple services and components the administrative burden of governing and securing data and users and keeping all parts working together can be overwhelming especially at enterprise scale. 3) MLOps: To make the most of AI you need to be able to use it to impact your business. Hiring a full data science team without having the right ML engineering expertise or the right tools to package, test, deploy and monitor is extremely wasteful. There are several steps that go into running effective end-to-end AI applications and your operating model should reflect that in the roles that are involved and in the way model lifecycle management is executed from use case identification, to development to deployment, and perhaps most importantly utilisation. These three dimensions should inform your focus and the roles that should be part of your development team. Over time, the prevalence of certain roles might shift as your organisation matures along these dimensions and on the platform decisions that you make.

general_qa

From this passage tell me why Panama Canal is called one of the seven wonders of the modern world

The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan. Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction. France began work on the canal in 1881, but stopped because of lack of investors' confidence due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project on May 4, 1904, and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties provided for its handover to Panama. After a period of joint American–Panamanian control, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government in 1999. It is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority. Canal locks at each end lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake 26 meters (85 ft) above sea level, created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, and then lower the ships at the other end. The original locks are 33.5 meters (110 ft) wide. A third, wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007 and May 2016. The expanded waterway began commercial operation on June 26, 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger, New Panamax ships. Annual traffic has risen from about 1,000 ships in 1914, when the canal opened, to 14,702 vessels in 2008, for a total of 333.7 million Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) tons. By 2012, more than 815,000 vessels had passed through the canal. In 2017 it took ships an average of 11.38 hours to pass between the canal's two locks. The American Society of Civil Engineers has ranked the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world.

The American Society of Civil Engineers has ranked the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world not only because it was one of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, but also because of its significant impact in maritime trade across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans near the Americas. It is a shortcut which greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan.

information_extraction

Why am I so tired?

If you're frequently tired without obvious reasons, such as lack of sleep, you should consult a doctor. If you suffer from regular sleep deprivation, you should also consult a doctor.

general_qa

How would you describe the differences between Indian and Western music, especially as it relates to the sense of pitch?

Indian and Western music differ considerably in terms of pitch because Western music adheres to the concept of absolute pitch, while Indian music predominantly focuses on relative pitch. Absolute pitch means that a note is represented as an absolute frequency, so if someone says "A2", that pitch can be mapped back to an exact frequency, and therefore can be reconciled among many different styles of music and instrumentation. In contrast, much of Indian music (both classical and non-classical) uses the concept of relative pitch, which means that the musician sets a tonic note (their base note) and that pitch is the starting point for all other notes. For example, if one musician were to say that a specific pitch were "sa" (one of the 7 notes in the Indian music scale), another musician would not be able to reproduce that note, since they wouldn't know where the first musician set their tonic. However, this has other advantages, because a tune is defined in terms of relative pitch and can be reproduced easily among different musicians and instruments without the worry of an absolute frequency which cannot be reached by a specific musical range.

general_qa

Who were King Aenys I Targaryen's children?

Aegon, Viserys, Jaehaerys, Rhaena, Alysanne, Vaella

open_qa

How do airplanes land?

The pilot reduces engine power which lowers thrust. This reduces the lift and the plane descends.

open_qa

Give me a list of benefits of swimming

Swimming has many benefits that help promote both mental and physical wellness. Mentally, swimming is great for clearing your mind and actually has been proven to release endorphins throughout your body, providing a refreshing and happy feeling post a workout. Physically, swimming is an excellent way to gain cardio fitness, while also building strength and flexibility at any age.

brainstorming

Given a reference text about Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark, when was the position created and was was it named?

Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark (Danish: Minister for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri) is the politically appointed head of the Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, and a member of the Cabinet. Since 19 November 2020, Rasmus Prehn, from the social democratic party Socialdemokratiet, has served as Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries in the Mette Frederiksen I cabinet. The ministry and the minister post was created in 1896; the ministry was originally named the Ministry of Agriculture. In 1929 the Directorate of Fishing was spun off into the separate Ministry of Shipping and Fishing, but that ministry was reabsorbed in 1935, and the name changed to Ministry of Agriculture and Fishing. In 1947 the Ministry of Fishing was created again, and the name changed to the Ministry of Agriculture, and this time it lasted until 1994 where it was again folded into the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishing. On 30 December 1996 the name of the ministry was changed to the current Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, often just called the Ministry of Food.

The Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark position was created in 1896 and was originally named the Ministry of Agriculture.

closed_qa

What is hybrid working?

Hybrid working is a term used for when you split your work time between an office building and from other locations, usually home. It became more widely used during the COVID19 pandemic when talking about where, when and how people work. Other names for Hybrid Working are Activity Based Working or Agile Working. Agile working is not to be confused with Agile project management which has different principles.

general_qa

Which of the following movies is not from the Harry Potter Franchise? - Order of the Phoenix. - Goblet of Fire. - Sorcerer's Stone. - Chamber of Secrets. - The Fellowship of the rings.

"The Fellowship of the rings" is not part of the Harry Potter Franchise, it is in-fact a part of the Lord of the Rings Franchise. The canonical Harry Potter movies in chronological order are: - Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. - Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. - Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. - Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. - Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. - Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. - Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1. - Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2.

classification

What has the IETF ALTO working group accomplished?

Starting around 2005, the widespread use of peer-to-peer applications such as BitTorrent was a serious concern to many network operators, as the massive amounts of network traffic caused by these applications had a significant impact on traffic engineering and revenues. Some network operators tried to throttle this traffic. In May 2008, in an IETF Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Infrastructure, several areas of work were identified: 1. A standardized interface for the exchange of information between the underlying IP network and an overlay network, such as a peer-to-peer network. The basic idea is, that if the overlay network was aware of the topology and the cost for sending traffic through the underlying IP network, it could optimize decisions with respect to the overlay network's topology (e.g., peer selection) and routing of traffic through the overlay network. The result would be better performance or Quality of Experience in the application while reducing the utilization of the underlying network infrastructure. This work item led to the establishment of the IETF ALTO working group. 2. Content caches in the network. This has been studied in the IETF DECADE working group. However, no new protocol has been developed and standardized. 3. A new congestion control mechanism in the transport layer for background traffic, which "yields" to standard TCP. This was worked on in the IETF LEDBAT working group and has been standardized in RFC 6817. 4. A new DiffServ code point to mark IP packets to have a lower priority than the default "best effort" category has been standardized in RFC 8622. The IETF ALTO working group was established in November 2008. The first deliverables were the problem statement, the requirements document, the specification of the core ALTO protocol and an ALTO server discovery mechanism. Since then, various extensions have been specified (see below) or are still work in progress (see IETF ALTO Datatracker). Originally designed to support peer-to-peer file sharing, the concept is broadly applicable to many network problems. However, as of 2021 it has not achieved widespread deployment in the internet. Nevertheless, there have been experiments in Internet service provider (ISP) networks and a deployment to support large data transfers for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.

The IETF ALTO working group was formed to solve the problems caused by the widespread use of peer-to-peer applications such as BitTorrent. The working group has provided a problem statement, requirements document, and the specifications of the core ALTO protocol and ALTO server discovery mechanism. There is still no widespread adoption of the ALTO protocol as of 2021 although some Internet service provider (ISP) networks have experimented with it, and CERN has deployed it to support large data transfers for the Large Hadron Collider.

information_extraction

What is a calendar?

A calendar is an arrangement of a depiction of time defined by humans. It is a collection of multiple days that makes up a month with multiple months representing a year of time. Each day of the week on a calendar is assigned a word to represent the day - Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. A calendar is used for planning scheduled events in the future, remembering birthdays, and other important dates like tests in school. A calendar can also be broken down into seasonal months that represent the months that match the weather during any particular time of the year.

open_qa

Who invented Boltzmann Machines?

Boltzmann machines were invented in 1985 by Geoffrey Hinton and Terrence Sejnowski.

open_qa

Given these paragraphs about Large language models, when did LLMs emerge?

A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks. Properties Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design. Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to "memorize" a great quantity of facts during training. Hallucinations Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a "hallucination" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data. Emergent abilities On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities. Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called "emergent abilities". Researchers note that such abilities "cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs. Architecture and training Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or "filling in the blanks", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus. The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens. LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million. A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters). Application to downstream tasks Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via "prompting" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions. Fine-tuning Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be "frozen", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen). Prompting See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing) In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In "few-shot prompting", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows: Review: This movie stinks. Sentiment: negative Review: This movie is fantastic! Sentiment: If the model outputs "positive", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be "The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is". Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering. Instruction tuning Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt "Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet." might provide a completion such as "A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17." In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, "self-instruct", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model

Around 2018.

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List the television series Kang Se-jung appeared in

Kang Se-jung (born January 15, 1982) is a South Korean actress. She made her entertainment debut as a singer for the K-pop girl group Papaya in 2000; the group released two albums before disbanding in 2001. Kang began acting full-time in 2004, and has appeared in television series such as Assorted Gems (2009) and Heartless City (2013). Upon turning to acting, she used the stage name Go Na-eun before reverting to use of her birth name in 2017.

- Assorted Gems - Heartless City

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Tell me whether these are European countries or names of bands: Spain, France, Norway, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Portugal, Brazil, South Africa, Canada, China, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Bee Gees, Coldplay, Green Day, Lamb of God, Maroon 5, Pink Floyd

Some of the elements in that list aren't either European countries or names of bands! The following don't fit in either category: Brazil, South Africa, Canada, China, Orca, Gorillas, Camel. The following are European countries: Spain, France, Norway, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Portugal And the bands in the list are: Bee Gees, Coldplay, Green Day, Lamb of God, Maroon 5, Pink Floyd

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What causes leaves to change color in fall

Leaves are green due to the presence of chlorophyll. During the spring and summer months when trees are growing, there's an abundance of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves. Chlorophyll serves the vital function of capturing sun rays and converting it to energy for the plants i.e, plants food & source of nourishment. In late summer, early fall as the days shorten there's less solar energy and thus Chlorophyll starts to breakdown giving way for other pigments such as Carotenoids to become more obvious and there orange-yellow-red colors to surface giving the trees the famous "fall color" look

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Imagine you are the last person on Mars. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.

Today was a beautiful day on Mars. The sun was shining brightly and the air was crisp and cool. I was able to take in the beauty of the planet and the sky, which I had never seen before. I felt like I was on another world, but I knew I was still in the same place. I took a walk around the dome and marveled at the beauty of the planet. It was so peaceful and I felt like I was in a dream. I smiled as I thought about how much I was learning about Mars and its inhabitants. It was a great day. Pity it could not last.

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The Bud Freeman All-Stars featuring Shorty Baker

AllMusic reviewer Scott Yanow stated: "Tenor-sax great Bud Freeman, who is often associated with the Eddie Condon school of Nicksieland, is heard heading an excellent swing quintet for this 1960 studio session. Trumpeter Harold "Shorty" Baker (best known for his periods with Duke Ellington) made too few small-group recordings throughout his life so this is one of his best ... the group plays superior standards and a couple of originals on this fine swing date"

brainstorming