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mathematical neuro-stimulation simple models Two derived electric are discussed. of and

Two simple mathematical models of electric neuro-stimulation are derived and discussed.

idea for critically the that increase evidence the with examine We time. encephalization quotients

We critically examine the evidence for the idea that encephalization quotients increase with time.

is not feature that of evolution. convergent intelligence find human-like We a

We find that human-like intelligence is not a convergent feature of evolution.

extraterrestrial are discussed. intelligence search the for Implications for

Implications for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence are discussed.

stability on how parameters. aspect A is points of model equilibrium depends specific thereof

A specific aspect thereof is how stability of equilibrium points depends on model parameters.

illustrative a is to as method cascade a example. applied of The an model MAPK

The method is applied to a model of a MAPK cascade as an illustrative example.

this $k$-noncrossing stack-length. we minimum paper and structures enumerate arc- In pseudoknot given RNA with

In this paper we enumerate $k$-noncrossing RNA pseudoknot structures with given minimum arc- and stack-length.

pseudoknot prediction algorithms structures. results for importance for RNA Our of are

Our results are of importance for prediction algorithms for RNA pseudoknot structures.

characterize associations binary variable importance and regression pairwise (VIMP) in We study trees. variable and

We characterize and study variable importance (VIMP) and pairwise variable associations in binary regression trees.

common for of etc. species/goods/ideas/elements ground observation the that The is new the production

The common ground is the observation that for the production of new species/goods/ideas/elements etc.

pre-existence necessary of condition. elements other specific a the is

the pre-existence of specific other elements is a necessary condition.

we For find mixed opinions fixed of phases and topology distinct consensus.

For fixed topology we find distinct phases of mixed opinions and consensus.

estimate of reasonable the We barrier unfolding have obtained for ubiqutin.

We have obtained the reasonable estimate for unfolding barrier of ubiqutin.

implemented and In for efficiency, called addition, techniques avoiding code reanalysis, extensionalization, we minimization.

In addition, for efficiency, we implemented techniques called extensionalization, avoiding reanalysis, and code minimization.

constraints invariants site-pattern vectors Phylogenetic trees. on not for are frequency only the phylogenetic

Phylogenetic invariants are not the only constraints on site-pattern frequency vectors for phylogenetic trees.

call these inequalities.'' We constraints additional ``edge-parameter

We call these additional constraints ``edge-parameter inequalities.''

self-organized explain the finding critical as phenomenon. We a

We explain the finding as a self-organized critical phenomenon.

interval and of patterns the implementation useful Abstractions are the operations in described.

Abstractions and patterns useful in the implementation of the interval operations are described.

recognition methods to blurring. object the on approach recent The based non-uniform relates for paper

The paper relates the approach to recent methods for object recognition based on non-uniform blurring.

several multicellular cell states In organisms, coexist.

In multicellular organisms, several cell states coexist.

in systems is several of relevance mechanism The multicellular to this and differentiation development discussed.

The relevance of this mechanism to development and differentiation in several multicellular systems is discussed.

hexagonal three immediate with cell cellular and We neighbourhood automata consider cell-states.

We consider hexagonal cellular automata with immediate cell neighbourhood and three cell-states.

neighbours state. many how in each one are

how many neighbours are in each one state.

methods. to I motivated an Bayesian describe by approach similarity

I describe an approach to similarity motivated by Bayesian methods.

methods. Bayesian is using standard This a yields that similarity a learnable function

This yields a similarity function that is learnable using a standard Bayesian methods.

of and variable is variable approach kernel The the to metric methods relationship discussed.

The relationship of the approach to variable kernel and variable metric methods is discussed.

and been physics. Many this to in chemistry biology, attempts made behaviour have model

Many attempts have been made to model this behaviour in biology, chemistry and physics.

an studied. illustration, circumferential hyperelastic of a disk is growth As the free

As an illustration, the circumferential growth of a free hyperelastic disk is studied.

of Irregular a graphs reduced. defined successively stack pyramids are as

Irregular pyramids are defined as a stack of graphs successively reduced.

is in this pyramid. the implicitly framework, often scale defined the Within as the height

Within this framework, the scale is often defined implicitly as the height in the pyramid.

is by by scale This Guigues. the last framework drawback addressed set designed

This last drawback is addressed by the scale set framework designed by Guigues.

with method and one within We two parallel propose variations sequential both. one

We propose one sequential and one parallel method with two variations within both.

these in energy signals. phase pattern was A of roughly detected free constant sinusoidal

A sinusoidal pattern of roughly constant phase was detected in these free energy signals.

are frameshift genes experimentally verified presented across eubacteria. Results using

Results are presented using experimentally verified frameshift genes across eubacteria.

and perception recognition is presented. of A theory visual neural network

A neural network theory of visual perception and recognition is presented.

ordered four they a are form separators fully and semi-group. element

they are separators and form a four element fully ordered semi-group.

unified the for framework of Our a provides building biomolecules. work understanding blocks

Our work provides a unified framework for understanding the building blocks of biomolecules.

constraint implemented library. have for DDS the Gecode We programming

We have implemented DDS for the Gecode constraint programming library.

problem networks study i.e. constructing the phylogenetic from We triplets, of level-k

We study the problem of constructing level-k phylogenetic networks from triplets, i.e.

level-k for a defined network by We is that uniquely each its k, triplets. give,

We give, for each k, a level-k network that is uniquely defined by its triplets.

modeling compartmental the used can for be cardiovascular a of The system. system

The system can be used for a compartmental modeling of the cardiovascular system.

artificial nobody that is. really problem knows A intelligence what in fundamental intelligence is

A fundamental problem in artificial intelligence is that nobody really knows what intelligence is.

arbitrary These for then intelligence general mathematically a formalised of produce machines. measure to are

These are then mathematically formalised to produce a general measure of intelligence for arbitrary machines.

both poorly adaptive and remains understood, distribution effects The theoretically. fitness of mutations of empirically

The distribution of fitness effects of adaptive mutations remains poorly understood, both empirically and theoretically.

images of This novel for paper multilevel a proposes hierarchical segmentation by method thresholding.

This paper proposes a novel method for segmentation of images by hierarchical multilevel thresholding.

locations. method The global, pixel is and disregards nature in agglomerative

The method is global, agglomerative in nature and disregards pixel locations.

relation We process. the which variances recursive for a obtain expedites at each step the

We obtain a recursive relation at each step for the variances which expedites the process.

the of comparison in some shown efficacy with method methods. is well-known a The

The efficacy of the method is shown in a comparison with some well-known methods.

conclude also DNA search efficient to higher more a process. We density a leads that

We also conclude that a higher DNA density leads to a more efficient search process.

unlike empty pathways formation. These assembly capsid identified for are any

These assembly pathways are unlike any identified for empty capsid formation.

markup code is genetic the The assignment stop codons. of

The genetic code markup is the assignment of stop codons.

of this Inhibition type factor controlling as binding. of serves

Inhibition serves as controlling factor of this type of binding.

on depends choice The the frequency. crossover

The choice depends on the crossover frequency.

Close observed. is this sympatric to value speciation

Close to this value sympatric speciation is observed.

attracted of also debate. interest The synchronization has and role much functional

The functional role of synchronization has also attracted much interest and debate.

this precision." In enhancement synchronization: role we for study another "collective so-called the of article,

In this article, we study another role for synchronization: the so-called "collective enhancement of precision."

biology. Similar questions may to in be concepts applicable systems

Similar concepts may be applicable to questions in systems biology.

consider We agent interacting environment. an an with unknown

We consider an agent interacting with an unknown environment.

on a has utility from environment. outputs the agent The function

The agent has a utility function on outputs from the environment.

world? Does construct an the efficient brain sensory representation the of

Does the brain construct an efficient representation of the sensory world?

decaying algebraically The density developing distributions. vasculature complex still non-hierarchical tumor is but displaying

The developing tumor vasculature is non-hierarchical but still complex displaying algebraically decaying density distributions.

the Hopf Turing domain. derive bifurcation on conditions and the for We spatial

We derive the conditions for Hopf and Turing bifurcation on the spatial domain.

for studying complexity will ecosystems. of dynamic useful It the be

It will be useful for studying the dynamic complexity of ecosystems.

of a be investigate can raytracing We on class that Blue performance Gene achieved supercomputers.

We investigate raytracing performance that can be achieved on a class of Blue Gene supercomputers.

of scaling nontrivial find at large number behavior processors. We

We find nontrivial scaling behavior at large number of processors.

resolution. of applications lighting to technology with this We and high advanced discuss visualization scientific

We discuss applications of this technology to scientific visualization with advanced lighting and high resolution.

physiological These ideal myosin's respective mechanics different functions. are for the

These different mechanics are ideal for the respective myosin's physiological functions.

fitness". following with those is statement "Survival for non-dominated mostly The is proposed

The following statement is proposed "Survival is mostly for those with non-dominated fitness".

that immune system an We complex system. is adaptive argue

We argue that immune system is an adaptive complex system.

shown is that has emergent properties. It it

It is shown that it has emergent properties.

structure the of world Its network small is type. network

Its network structure is of the small world network type.

of type, is in threshold network the autoimmunity. The avoiding which helps

The network is of the threshold type, which helps in avoiding autoimmunity.

tumors. a radiotherapy chemotherapy of sufficient to eradication get or/and

chemotherapy or/and radiotherapy to get a sufficient eradication of tumors.

example is an A attacking effectors of fractional two immune given. antigen order

A fractional order example of two immune effectors attacking an antigen is given.

But simple is as this? as it

But is it as simple as this?

the structure, that shall In this i.e. we see lexical article

In this article we shall see that the lexical structure, i.e.

linguistic by of relationships, the network match words necessarily the does not linked conceptualization. domain

the network of words linked by linguistic relationships, does not necessarily match the domain conceptualization.

are for non-cooperative game. Hence in equations they replicator applied

Hence they are applied in replicator equations for non-cooperative game.

have model It a known stable order integer is does equilibrium. that its not

It is known that its integer order model does not have a stable equilibrium.

to Its solution. order a have model asymptotically stable locally fractional shown is internal

Its fractional order model is shown to have a locally asymptotically stable internal solution.

solution. stable to game locally A a asymmetric shown asymptotically is have internal FO

A FO asymmetric game is shown to have a locally asymptotically stable internal solution.

the is not for its counterpart. order integer case This

This is not the case for its integer order counterpart.

this is matter is biological learning and examined. The the sketched basis of computing of

The biological basis of this computing is sketched and the matter of learning is examined.

The of of suggests advantageous. labor division is that ubiquity highly it this

The ubiquity of this division of labor suggests that it is highly advantageous.

I the this evolution to specialized a present In cells. paper, study model of

In this paper, I present a model to study the evolution of specialized cells.

and multicellular (terminally that may contain organisms for The allows cells. somatic model unicellular differentiated)

The model allows for unicellular and multicellular organisms that may contain somatic (terminally differentiated) cells.

Cells to quantitative a contribute additively trait.

Cells contribute additively to a quantitative trait.

surprisingly I cells show is the reproductive that high. always of fraction

I show that the fraction of reproductive cells is always surprisingly high.

model primitive of biology predictions. the the I organisms discuss with multicellular respect to

I discuss the biology of primitive multicellular organisms with respect to the model predictions.

the next of introduces MathPSfrag. version This article

This article introduces the next version of MathPSfrag.

preview Mathematica. files Moreover generated is and within shown from a these

Moreover from these files a preview is generated and shown within Mathematica.

for regime. plectonemic model consider rod an twisted the We elastic DNA in

We consider an elastic rod model for twisted DNA in the plectonemic regime.

an treated effective, tube molecule adjustable is radius. The as impenetrable with an

The molecule is treated as an impenetrable tube with an effective, adjustable radius.

cardinality stream in the paper of considers problem data This estimation applications.

This paper considers the problem of cardinality estimation in data stream applications.

in dimension analysis. for reduction primary concern are Techniques statistical of

Techniques for dimension reduction are of primary concern in statistical analysis.

projection algorithms that properties investigate of the use distributions. We alpha-stable exploit of the

We investigate the use of projection algorithms that exploit properties of the alpha-stable distributions.

Here version mean-field of a model. their we provide

Here we provide a mean-field version of their model.

a supervised classification method arrayCGH new We for data. propose Results: of

Results: We propose a new method for supervised classification of arrayCGH data.

Availability: available. publicly data algorithms All are and

Availability: All data and algorithms are publicly available.

function vitro. the way be this could determine in that I hepatocyte re-created microenvironments their

I this way the hepatocyte microenvironments that determine their function could be re-created in vitro.