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As you meet people your mind assigns them a category, labels them according to the category, and associates them with particular symbols. Many labels, called trait adjectives, have been created to describe the wide range of individual characteristics we observe. These words are typically used to describe personality traits, the intrinsic differences that remain stable throughout most of our life.
- Labels describing salient and stable characteristics of an individual, including your self.
Labels, symbols, stereotypes, and defining traits are all words that describe the symbols we use to think about people. While we use trait adjectives as labels for symbols to describe people, we use trait nouns as labels for symbols for people.
Symbols are the fundamental mechanism our memories use to categorize and organize information. They are essential to the efficient operation of our enormous and flexible memory. These symbols become dangerous when we confuse them with the actual person, or if they are inaccurately assigned or interpreted.
The Trait Adjectives:
Here, listed alphabetically, are the English language trait adjectives:
Abrasive, Abrupt, Absent-minded, Abstinent, Abstract, Abusive, Acceptant, Accessible, Accommodating, Accomplished, Accurate, Acid, Acquiescent, Acquisitive, Active, Adaptable, Adaptive, Adjustable, Adulterous, Adventurous, Affable, Affected, Affectionate, Affirmative, Aggressive, Agitable, Agitative, Agreeable, Aimful, Aimless, Alarmable, Alert, Aloof, Altruistic, Ambitious, Amiable, Amicable, Amorous, Analytical, Angelic, Animated, Antagonistic, Anticipative, Antisocial, Anxious, Apathetic, Appreciative, Approachable, Arbitrary, Arbitrative, Argumentative, Aristocratic, Arrogant, Articulate, Artistic, Ascendant, Asocial, Assertive, Assured, Astute, Audacious, Austere, Authoritative, Autocratic, Autonomous, Aweless, Awkward
Balky, Bashful, Belligerent, Bendable, Beneficent, Benevolent, Biased, Bigheaded, Big-hearted, Big-mouthed, Bigoted, Bitter, Bland, Blase, Blasphemous, Blunt, Blunt-witted, Blustery, Boastful, Boastless, Boisterous, Bold, Bookish, Boorish, Bossy, Bountiful, Boyish, Brainy, Brash, Brave, Brawlsome, Brazen, Breezy, Bright, Brisk, Bristly, Broad-minded, Broad-spoken, Broody, Brusque, Brutal, Bubbly, Bullheaded, Bullish, Bullying, Buoyant, Businesslike, Busyish
Cagy, Calculable, Calculating, Callous, Calm, Candid, Canny, Cantankerous, Capable, Capricious, Carefree, Careful, Careless, Careworn, Casual, Catty, Caustic, Cautious, Cavalier, Censorial, Cerebral, Ceremonious, Certain, Changeable, Changeless, Charitable, Chaste, Chatty, Cheerful, Cherubic, Chic, Childish, Childlike, Chipper, Chitchatty, Chivalrous, Choosy, Circumspect, Civil, Civilized, Clairvoyant, Clannish, Clear-cut, Clear-headed, Clear-sighted, Clear-thinking, Clever, Clingy, Cliquish, Closed-minded, Closefisted, Close-mouthed, Clownish, Clumsy, Coarse, Cocky, Coercive, Coherent, Cold, Cold-hearted, Combative, Communicative, Companionable, Compassionate, Compassionless, Competitory, Complacent, Complaining, Complaisant, Complex, Compliant, Complicated, Complimentary, Compulsive, Comradely, Conceited, Conceitless, Conciliatory, Concise, Condescending, Confident, Confusable, Confused, Congenial, Conscienceless, Conscientious, Conservative, Considerate, Consistent, Consolatory, Constant, Constrained, Constructive, Contemplative, Contented, Contradictious, Contradictory, Contrary, Contrary-minded, Controlled, Conventional, Conversational, Cool, Cool-headed, Cooperative, Cordial, Corrective, Cosmopolitan, Counselable, Courageous, Courteous, Courtly, Covetous, Cowardly, Coy, Crabby, Crafty, Cranky, Creative, Credulous, Critical, Crotchety, Cruel, Crusading, Cultivated, Cultured, Cunning, Curious, Curt, Cynical
Dainty, Dapper, Daring, Dauntless, Debonair, Deceitful, Deceivable, Deceptive, Decisive, Dedicated, Deep, Defensive, Defiant, Definite, Deliberate, Deliberative, Demanding, Democratic, Demonstrative, Demure, Dependable, Dependent, Derisive, Derogatory, Designful, Despondent, Destructive, Detached, Determined, Devilish, Devil-may-care, Devious, Devout, Dictatorial, Dignified, Digressive, Diligent, Diplomatic, Direct, Discerning, Discourageable, Discourteous, Discreet, Discriminative, Disdainful, Disguiseless, Dishonest, Disobliging, Disorderly, Disorganized, Dispassionate, Disregardful, Disrespectful, Disruptive, Dissatisfied, Dissensualized, Dissocial, Distant, Distractible, Distrustful, Divertible, Docile, Doctrinaire, Dogged, Dogmatic, Doleful, Dominant, Domineering, Double-faced, Double-tongued, Down-to-earth, Dreamy, Dull, Dull-witted, Durable, Dutiful, Dynamic
Eager, Eagle-eyed, Earnest, Earthly-minded, Earthly-wise, Earthy, Easeless, Easy-going, Economical, Educable, Educated, Effeminate, Effervescent, Efficient, Egocentric, Egotistical, Elegant, Elfish, Eloquent, Elusive, Embittered, Emotional, Emotionless, Empathic, Emphatic, Encyclopedic, Energetic, Enlightened, Enterprising, Enthusiastic, Envious, Equalitarian, Erratic, Ethical, Evangelistic, Evasive, Exact, Exacting, Exaggerative, Excessive, Excitable, Exclusive, Exhaustible, Exhaustive, Exhibitionistic, Expansive, Explicit, Exploitative, Explosive, Expressive, Extravagant, Extroverted
Facetious, Factious, Faint-hearted, Fair-minded, Fair-natured, Faithful, False-hearted, Fanatical, Fanciful, Fancy-free, Farseeing, Fastidious, Fatalistic, Fatigueless, Faultfinding, Fearful, Fearless, Feelingful, Feelingless, Feminine, Fervent, Fickle, Fidgety, Fierce, Fiery, Finicky, Firm, Flamboyant, Flammable, Flatterable, Flaunty, Flexible, Flighty, Flippant, Flirtatious, Fluttery, Folksy, Foolhardy, Foolish, Foot-loose, Forbearing, Forceful, Forceless, Forcible, Foresighted, Foresightless, Forethoughtful, Forgetful, Forgiving, Formal, Forthright, Forward, Forward-looking, Foul-mouthed, Foxy, Frank, Fraternal, Fraudulent, Free-living, Free-minded, Freethinking, Fretful, Fretless, Friendly, Frightenable, Frisky, Frivolous, Frolicsome, Frugal, Fussy
Gabby, Gallant, Generous, Genial, Genteel, Gentle, Gentle-hearted, Gentlemanlike, Girlish, Giving, Glib, Gloomy, Gluttonous, God-fearing, Godless, Good-hearted, Good-humored, Good-natured, Good-tempered, Gossipy, Graceful, Graceless, Gracious, Greedy, Great-hearted, Gregarious, Gruff, Grumbly, Grumpy, Guileless, Gullible, Gushy, Gutless, Gutsy
Haphazard, Happy-go-lucky, Hardened, Hard-headed, Hard-hearted, Hard-nosed, Hard-shelled, Hardworking, Harsh, Hasty, Haughty, Headlong, Headstrong, Heartless, Hearty, Hectic, Heedful, Heedless, Helpful, Heretical, Hermitish, Heroic, High-faluting, High-handed, High-minded, High-principled, High-spirited, High-strung, Hit-or-miss, Hoggish, Homespun, Homicidal, Honest, Hospitable, Hostile, Hot-blooded, Hot-tempered, Humane, Humanitarian, Humble, Humorless, Humorous, Hypercritical, Hypersensitive, Hypersensual, Hypocritical
Icy, Idealistic, Ignorant, Ill-humored, Illiterate, Ill-mannered, Ill-natured, Illogical, Ill-tempered, Ill-willed, Imaginative, Imitative, Immature, Immoderate, Immodest, Immovable, Impartial, Impassive, Impatient, Imperceptive, Impersonal, Impertinent, Imperturbable, Impetuous, Impious, Impish, Impolite, Impractical, Imprecise, Impressible, Impressionable, Imprudent, Impudent, Impulsive, Inaccurate, Inaggressive, Inarticulate, Incautious, Incoercible, Incompliant, Inconfident, Inconfinable, Incongenial, Inconsiderate, Inconsistent, Inconstant, Incontrollable, Inconvincible, Incorrupt, Incorruptible, Incurious, Indecisive, Indefatigable, Indefinite, Indeliberate, Indelicate, Independent, Indestructible, Indifferent, Indirect, Indiscreet, Indivertible, Individualistic, Indocile, Indomitable, Indulgent, Industrious, Inefficient, Inelegant, Ineloquent, Inexact, Inexcitable, Inexhaustible, Inexperienced, Inexplicit, Inexpressive, Inflexible, Informal, Informative, Informed, Ingenious, Ingenuous, Ingratiating, Ingratiatory, Inharmonious, Inhibited, Inhospitable, Inhuman, Inhumane, Inirritable, Injudicious, Innovative, Inquiring, Inquisitive, Inquisitorial, Insecure, Insensitive, Insensuous, Insightful, Insincere, Insolent, Instructible, Insubordinate, Insuppressible, Intellectual, Intelligent, Intemperate, Intense, Intimate, Intolerant, Intricate, Introspective, Introverted, Intrusive, Intuitive, Invariable, Inventive, Invincible, Inward, Iron-hearted, Ironical, Irrational, Irreformable, Irreligious, Irrepressible, Irresolute, Irresponsible, Irrestrainable, Irreverent, Irritable
Jaunty, Jealous, Jocular, Jolly, Jovial, Joyless, Judicious, Just, Juvenile
Kind, Kind-hearted, Kindly, Knavish, Know-it-all, Knowledgeable
Lackadaisical, Ladylike, Lamblike, Languid, Larcenous, Laughterless, Lavish, Law-abiding, Lawless, Lax, Lazy, Leadable, Learned, Lecherous, Legalistic, Leisureless, Leisurely, Lenient, Lethargic, Level-headed, Lewd, Lifeless, Life-weary, Light-hearted, Lion-hearted, Literal, Literary, Literate, Live, Lively, Logical, Long-suffering, Long-winded, Loose-tongued, Loud, Loud-mouthed, Loving, Loyal, Lucid, Lukewarm, Lustful, Lustless, Lusty
Magisterial, Magnanimous, Magnetic, Malevolent, Malicious, Malleable, Manipulable, Manipulative, Manly, Mannerless, Mannerly, Many-sided, Masculine, Masochistic, Materialistic, Maternal, Matter-of-fact, Mature, Mechanistic, Meditative, Meddlesome, Meek, Melancholic, Melodramatic, Mercenary, Merciful, Merciless, Merry, Messy, Methodical, Meticulous, Mild, Mild-hearted, Militant, Ministrative, Mirthful, Mirthless, Mischievous, Miserly, Misleadable, Mistrustful, Moderate, Modest, Moldable, Monosyllabic, Moody, Moral, Moralistic, Moralizing, Morbid, Morose, Mousy, Muddle-headed, Mulish, Mundane, Murderous, Mushy, Musical, Mussy, Mutinous, Mystical
Nagging, Naive, Narrow, Narrow-minded, Natural, Negative, Negativistic, Neglectful, Negligent, Neighborly, Nervous, Nervy, Niggardly, Nimble-witted, Noisy, Nonbelligerent, Nonchalant, Noncoercive, Noncompliant, Nonconforming, Nonegotistical, Nonexplosive, Nonhostile, Nonimitative, Noninterfering, Nonirritable, Nonpersistent, Nonrational, Nonreligious, Nonrigid, Nonspiritual, Nonunderstanding, Nonvariant, Nonvocal, Nonvolatile, Nosey
Objective, Obliging, Observant, Obsessive, Obstinate, Obtrusive, Old-fashioned, One-sided, Open-hearted, Open-minded, Opinionated, Opportunistic, Optimistic, Orderly, Organized, Original, Ornery, Ostentatious, Otherworldly, Outgoing, Outspoken, Overactive, Overambitious, Overbearing, Overbitter, Overbold, Overbookish, Overbrave, Overbusy, Overcareful, Overcaring, Overcasual, Overcautious, Overcharitable, Overconfident, Overconscientious, Overcredulous, Overcritical, Overcunning, Overcurious, Overdaring, Overdiligent, Overearnest, Overelegant, Overemotional, Overemphatic, Overexcitable, Overfastidious, Overfearful, Overfierce, Overforward, Overgreedy, Overharsh, Overhasty, Overimaginative, Overindulgent, Overintense, Overjealous, Overkind, Overlogical, Overloud, Overlusty, Overmerry, Overmodest, Overneat, Overnervous, Overpartial, Overparticular, Overpassionate, Overpatient, Overprompt, Overproud, Overquiet, Overrash, Overrefined, Overrelaxed, Overrighteous, Overrigid, Overrigorous, Overscrupulous, Oversensitive, Overserious, Oversevere, Overslow, Oversolicitous, Overspeedy, Overstrict, Overstudious, Oversubtle, Oversuspicious, Overtalkative, Overthoughtful, Overtrained, Overtrusting, Overvaliant, Overviolent, Overwary, Overwomanly, Overzealous
Pacifistic, Painstaking, Participative, Particular, Passionate, Passionless, Passive, Patient, Patronizing, Peaceful, Peacemaking, Peevish, Penetrative, Pensive, Peppery, Peppy, Perceptive, Perfectionistic, Perky, Persecutive, Persevering, Persistent, Perspectiveless, Persuadable, Persuasive, Pert, Perturbable, Pessimistic, Petty, Philanthropic, Philosophical, Philosophizing, Picky, Pig-headed, Pious, Pitiless, Placid, Plain-dealing, Plain-spoken, Planful, Planless, Playful, Pleasant, Pleasure-seeking, Pliable, Pliant, Plucky, Poetic, Poised, Polished, Polite, Political, Pompous, Posed, Possessive, Pouty, Practical, Prankish, Prayerful, Preachy, Precise, Precondemning, Predatory, Predictable, Prejudiced, Prejudiceless, Premeditative, Presumptuous, Pretenseful, Pretenseless, Pretentious, Prideless, Prim, Principled, Productive, Profane, Profound, Progressive, Prompt, Proper, Prophetic, Protective, Proud, Provincial, Provocable, Prudent, Prudish, Punctual, Puritanical, Purposeful, Purposeless, Purposive
Quarrelsome, Questioning, Quick, Quick-tempered, Quick-witted, Quiet, Quiet-spoken
Rambunctious, Rascally, Rash, Rational, Realistic, Reasonable, Rebellious, Reckless, Reclusive, Refined, Reflective, Reformative, Relaxed, Relentless, Reliable, Reliant, Religious, Remorseless, Reproachful, Resentful, Reserved, Resilient, Resourceful, Respectful, Responsible, Responsive, Restless, Restrainable, Restrained, Retaliative, Retiring, Retortive, Revengeful, Reverent, Rigid, Rigorous, Risque, Ritualistic, Rivalrous, Roguish, Rollicking, Rootless, Rough, Rowdy, Rude, Rugged, Ruthless
Saccharine, Sadistic, Saintly, Sarcastic, Sassy, Satiric, Saucy, Scampish, Scandalmongering, Scatterbrained, Scheming, Scholarly, Scornful, Scrappy, Scrupulous, Seclusive, Secretive, Sedate, Self-assertive, Self-assured, Self-centered, Self-confident, Self-conscious, Self-consistent, Self-controlled, Self-critical, Self-deceiving, Self-defeating, Self-defensive, Self-deluding, Self-denying, Self-deprecating, Self-destructive, Self-disciplined, Self-disparaging, Self-doubting, Self-effacing, Self-examining, Self-excusing, Self-expressive, Self-important, Self-indulgent, Selfish, Selfless, Self-pitying, Self-possessed, Self-punishing, Self-reliant, Self-reproachful, Self-respecting, Self-restrained, Self-revealing, Self-righteous, Self-sacrificing, Self-satisfied, Self-seeking, Self-sufficient, Self-willed, Sensitive, Sensual, Sensuous, Sentimental, Serene, Serious, Serious-minded, Servile, Severe, Sexy, Shallow, Sharp-tongued, Sharp-witted, Shiftless, Shortsighted, Short-spoken, Short-tempered, Showy, Shrewd, Shrewish, Shrinking, Shy, Silent, Simple, Sincere, Single-minded, Skeptical, Slanderous, Slick, Sloppy, Slothful, Slovenly, Slow, Slow-witted, Sluggish, Sly, Smart, Smooth-spoken, Smug, Sneaky, Snobbish, Snoopy, Snooty, Sober-minded, Sociable, Social, Soft-hearted, Soft-shelled, Soft-spoken, Solemn, Solicitous, Somber, Sophisticated, Sour, Sparkling, Speedy, Spineless, Spirited, Spiritless, Spiritual, Spiteful, Spontaneous, Sportsmanlike, Sprightly, Spry, Spunky, Squeamish, Stable, Stalwart, Stand-offish, Statesmanlike, Steadfast, Steady, Stern, Stingy, Stormy, Stout-hearted, Straightforward, Strait-laced, Strict, Stringent, Strong-minded, Stubborn, Stuck-up, Studious, Stuffy, Suave, Subjective, Submissive, Sugary, Suggestible, Sulky, Sullen, Sultry, Sunny, Superficial, Supersensitive, Superstitious, Surly, Suspicious, Swellheaded, Sympathetic, Systematic
Taciturn, Tactful, Tactless, Talkative, Tame, Tasteful, Tasteless, Teachable, Temperamental, Temperate, Tempestuous, Temptable, Tenacious, Tender, Tender-hearted, Tenderminded, Tense, Tentative, Terse, Testy, Thick-headed, Thick-skinned, Thick-witted, Thin-skinned, Thorough, Thoroughgoing, Thoughtful, Thoughtless, Thriftless, Thrifty, Tidy, Tight, Tight-lipped, Timid, Timorous, Tireless, Tolerant, Touchy, Tough, Tough-minded, Traditional, Transparent, Treacherous, Tricky, Trustful, Trustworthy, Truthful, Truthless, Twitchy, Tyrannical
Ultraconservative, Ultracritical, Ultrademocratic, Ultrafastidious, Ultraintellectual, Ultrarefined, Ultrareligious, Ultrasensual, Ultrasentimental, Ultraspiritual, Unaccessible, Unaccommodating, Unaccomplished, Unadaptable, Unadulterous, Unadventurous, Unaffable, Unaffected, Unaffectionate, Unaggressive, Unagreeable, Unaiding, Unalert, Unalterable, Unambitious, Unamiable, Unamusable, Unanalytic, Unanchored, Unanimated, Unapproachable, Unargumentative, Unartistic, Unaspiring, Unassertive, Unassisting, Unassuming, Unassured, Unauthoritative, Unbashful, Unbelligerent, Unbendable, Unbending, Unbenevolent, Unbewailing, Unbiased, Unbigoted, Unblushing, Unboastful, Unbold, Unbookish, Unbridled, Unbusinesslike, Uncalculating, Uncandid, Uncareful, Uncautious, Unceremonious, Unchangeable, Unchanging, Uncharitable, Unchaste, Uncheerful, Uncheery, Unchivalrous, Uncivil, Uncivilized, Uncommunicative, Uncompanionable, Uncompassionate, Uncompetitive, Uncomplaining, Uncomplaisant, Uncompromising, Unconcealing, Unconciliatory, Unconfident, Unconfiding, Unconformable, Unconscientious, Unconstrainable, Unconstrained, Unconstructive, Uncontradictable, Uncontriving, Uncontrolled, Unconventional, Uncooperative, Uncordial, Uncourteous, Uncourtly, Uncouth, Uncrafty, Uncreative, Uncritical, Uncultivated, Uncultured, Uncunning, Uncurbable, Uncurious, Undeceivable, Undeceptive, Undefeatable, Undelaying, Undeliberate, Undeliberative, Undemanding, Undemocratic, Undemonstrative, Undependable, Underhand, Underogatory, Understanding, Underwitted, Undespairing, Undespondent, Undeviating, Undevious, Undevout, Undignified, Undiligent, Undiplomatic, Undisappointable, Undiscerning, Undisciplined, Undiscourageable, Undiscriminating, Undisguised, Undisturbable, Undivertible, Undogmatic, Undramatic, Undutiful, Uneager, Unearnest, Uneconomical, Uneducated, Unelusive, Unembittered, Unemotional, Unemphatic, Unenlightened, Unenterprising, Unenthusiastic, Unenvious, Unerring, Unethical, Unexacting, Unexcitable, Unexpansive, Unexplosive, Unextravagant, Unfailing, Unfair, Unfaithful, Unfaltering, Unfearing, Unfeeling, Unfeigning, Unfeminine, Unflinching, Unfluctuating, Unfluent, Unforbearing, Unforcible, Unforgetful, Unforgiving, Unforseeing, Unfraternal, Unfriendly, Unfrugal, Ungallant, Ungenerous, Ungenteel, Ungentle, Ungentlemanly, Ungiving, Ungovernable, Ungraceful, Ungracious, Ungregarious, Ungrudging, Unguarded, Unhardened, Unhardy, Unharming, Unhasty, Unheedful, Unhelpful, Unheroic, Unhurried, Unimaginative, Unimpassionate, Unimpatient, Unimpressible, Unimpressionable, Unindulgent, Unindustrious, Uninformed, Uningenious, Uninhibited, Uninquiring, Uninquisitive, Unintellectual, Unintelligent, Unintrospective, Uninventive, Uninvestigative, Unjealous, Unjoyful, Unkind, Unkindly, Unladylike, Unlearned, Unliterary, Unlively, Unloving, Unmaidenly, Unmalicious, Unmalleable, Unmanly, Unmannered, Unmasculine, Unmeddling, Unmeek, Unmelancholy, Unmercenary, Unmerciful, Unmerry, Unmethodical, Unmild, Unmindful, Unmirthful, Unmodifiable, Unmoralizing, Unmovable, Unneighborly, Unniggardly, Unobliging, Unobservant, Unobtrusive, Unoriginal, Unostentatious, Unpardoning, Unpartisan, Unpeaceable, Unperceptive, Unpersonable, Unpersuadable, Unpersuasive, Unphilanthropic, Unphilosophical, Unpitying, Unpleasable, Unpliable, Unpoised, Unpolished, Unpolite, Unpolitical, Unpreaching, Unpredictable, Unpresuming, Unpretending, Unpretentious, Unprincipled, Unproductive, Unprogressive, Unprovincial, Unpunctual, Unpurposed, Unquestioning, Unrealistic, Unreasonable, Unreasoning, Unreceptive, Unrefined, Unreflective, Unreined, Unrelaxing, Unrelenting, Unreliable, Unreligious, Unrepressible, Unreproachful, Unreserved, Unrespectful, Unresponsive, Unresting, Unrestrainable, Unrestrained, Unrevealing, Unrevengeful, Unromantic, Unrude, Unruly, Unsaintly, Unsatisfiable, Unsceptical, Unscholarly, Unschooled, Unscornful, Unscrupulous, Unsearching, Unselfconcious, Unselfish, Unsentimental, Unsevere, Unshakable, Unshrinking, Unshy, Unsly, Unsmiling, Unsociable, Unsocial, Unsolemn, Unsolicitous, Unsophisticated, Unsparkling, Unspeaking, Unspiritual, Unspontaneous, Unsportsmanlike, Unstable, Unsteadfast, Unstirrable, Unstormy, Unstudious, Unsubduable, Unsubmissive, Unsunny, Unsure, Unsuspicious, Unswayable, Unswerving, Unsympathetic, Unsystematic, Untalkative, Untamable, Untasteful, Untaught, Unteachable, Untemptable, Untender, Untheatrical, Unthinking, Unthorough, Unthrifty, Untidy, Untiring, Untrained, Untransparent, Untrustful, Untrustworthy, Untruthful, Untutored, Unvacillating, Unvain, Unvaliant, Unvarying, Unventurous, Unversed, Unvigilant, Unvigorous, Unvindictive, Unvisioned, Unvocal, Unvoluptuous, Unwarlike, Unwary, Unwasteful, Unwatchful, Unwavering, Unwild, Unwillful, Unwily, Unwise, Unwitty, Unworldly, Unyielding, Unzealous, Urbane
Vague, Vain, Valiant, Valorous, Variable, Vengeful, Venturesome, Venturous, Verbal, Verbose, Versatile, Vibrant, Vigorless, Vigorous, Vindictive, Violent, Virile, Visionary, Vivacious, Vivid, Vocal, Volatile, Volcanic, Voluptuous
Warlike, Warm, Warm-hearted, Warmthless, Wary, Wasteful, Weak-hearted, Weak-kneed, Weak-spirited, Weariless, Weepy, Well-mannered, Well-read, Well-spoken, Whimsical, Whiny, Wide-awake, Wild, Willful, Wily, Wise, Wishful, Wishy-washy, Withdrawing, Withdrawn, Witless, Witty, Womanly, Wordy, Wordly, Worldly-minded, Wordly-wise, World-weary, Worriless, Worrying, Worshipful
Zany, Zealless, Zealous, Zestful
Some Normative Characteristics of the 1710 trait descriptive adjectives. (Undated), Unpublished, L. R. Goldberg | <urn:uuid:2bcbfc96-429f-4466-82d9-9a5c679cd365> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://emotionalcompetency.org/adjectives.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.710607 | 6,566 | 3.515625 | 4 |
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See also: censuré
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈsɛn.ʃə/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈsɛn.ʃɚ/
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈsen.ʃə/
Audio (AU) (file)
- The act of blaming, criticizing, or condemning as wrong; reprehension.
- 1776, Edward Gibbon, “Chapter 1 part ii”, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC:
- Censure, which arraigns the public actions and the private motives of princes, has ascribed to envy, a conduct which might be attributed to the prudence and moderation of Hadrian.
- 1856 December, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Samuel Johnson [from the Encyclopædia Britannica]”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC:
- Both the censure and the praise were merited.
- An official reprimand.
- Judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or reprimand; condemnatory judgment.
- c. 1589–1590, Christopher Marlo[we], edited by Tho[mas] Heywood, The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Ievv of Malta. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Nicholas Vavasour, […], published 1633, →OCLC, Act PROLOGUE SPOKEN AT COURT:
- He that hath past
So many censures is now come at last
To have your princely ears […]
- 1679–1715, Gilbert Burnet, “(please specify the page)”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England., London: […] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, […]:
- excommunication […] being the chief ecclesiastical censure
- (obsolete) Judgment either favorable or unfavorable; opinion.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
- Take each man's censure, but reserve thy judgment.
the act of blaming, criticizing, or condemning as wrong; reprehension
an official reprimand
- To criticize harshly.
- 1946 January and February, T. S. Lascelles, “A Series of False Signals”, in Railway Magazine, page 43:
- The Woodwalton signalman, Rose, who was severely censured in Captain Tyler's report, behaved with great negligence.
- To formally rebuke.
- (obsolete) To form or express a judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge.
- See also Thesaurus:reprehend
to criticize harshly
to formally rebuke
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
- “censure”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- “censure”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- "censure" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.
censure f (plural censures)
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
- inflection of :
- “censure”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- plural of
- (Classical) IPA(key): /kenˈsuː.re/, [kẽːˈs̠uːrɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /t͡ʃenˈsu.re/, [t͡ʃenˈsuːre]
- Hyphenation: cen‧su‧re
- IPA(key): (Spain) /θenˈsuɾe/ [θẽnˈsu.ɾe]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /senˈsuɾe/ [sẽnˈsu.ɾe]
- Rhymes: -uɾe
- Syllabification: cen‧su‧re | <urn:uuid:910f0821-6479-43b3-86b0-497e0ce2c116> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/censure | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.697307 | 1,117 | 2.703125 | 3 |
What Are Upstanders?
Throughout our lives, we will constantly have choices and opportunities to either become Upstanders or bystanders. If enough of us choose to be Upstanders, we can help change the course of history. That is the Enough Moment. Enough of us, with enough commitment, will lead the change.”
– Actor/activist Don Cheadle and Enough Founding Director John Prendergast, The Enough Moment: Fighting to End Africa’s Worst Human Rights Crimes.
At the core of their book “The Enough Moment,” Don Cheadle and John Prendergast wrote about the central role upstanders play in bringing about positive change. The word “upstander” was popularized by Samantha Power in her book, “The Problem from Hell: America in the Age of Genocide.”
Don and John wrote, “[I]f war criminals everywhere face an ocean of people with Braveheart-like commitment standing up in support of peace and human rights, the odds improve that the world will be a better and safer place for millions of people…. We as caring citizens need to catalyze and build an even bigger and stronger people’s movement for change. We need to assemble an unusual coalition and force better policies through popular demand. The political will for real change will come from the bottom up. This is our chance.” (prologue and page 16)
Don and John elaborated (p. 17), “Africa is a continent full of promise, with identifiable solutions to these human rights crimes. Genocide has, in some places, been successfully prevented or ended. Child soldier recruitment has, in some places, been stopped, and the children affected have been rehabilitated. Rape as a tool of war, in some places, has been neutralized. Wars have been resolved. Understanding that there are answers is empowering. Demonstrating that the answers usually involve partnerships between Frontline Upstanders in the war zones and Citizen Upstanders around the world is crucial to showing that there is a connection between the activism of ordinary citizens and the ending of wars and massive human rights crimes…. Unless there is a political cost for inaction, we will get inaction…. We hope to see a world where the penalties for committing these atrocities are so severe and the diplomacy to prevent them so deft and automatic that their recurrence becomes a subject relegated to our museums and history books.”
The Enough Project focuses on three key categories of Upstanders:
- Frontline Upstanders, comprised of civil society activists in war-impacted countries;
- Citizen Upstanders, comprised of activists around the world in support of and solidarity with the Frontline Upstanders and the policies that can help promote peace and human rights;
- Celebrity Upstanders, involving well-known people willing to use the fame they have to shine a spotlight on the issues being raised by Frontline and Citizen Upstanders. | <urn:uuid:11f17d3c-b82f-4c1e-9236-b5cf1f42ac31> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://enoughproject.org/upstanders | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.947155 | 610 | 2.703125 | 3 |
“… essential tremor is a common neurological syndrome that has never been defined consistently by clinicians and researchers.” – Roger J. Elble[i]
There’s good news and bad news for essential tremor (ET). The good news springs from a much broader awareness of the motor (movement) and nonmotor (cognitive, emotional, psychological) symptoms that manifest the most common movement disorder on the planet. The bad news is, experts can’t make up their minds as to whether it’s a disease or a syndrome. The above quote identifies it as a syndrome.
So, why is that bad news? Well, it has to do with the implications of each word.
The word “disease” implies something very serious. Let’s say you get a medical opinion poll in the mail. It has a questionnaire to fill out. One of the questions asks you list any five diseases that come to mind. Your answer might include things like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, HIV, and Alzheimer’s disease. These are all serious, long-term illnesses. If the questionnaire then asked you to rank your list from most expensive (medical and research dollars spent) to least, you might have a hard time choosing, but you would surely know that for five you chose, billions of dollars are spent annually in terms of doctor visits, tests, treatments, clinical studies, etc. – not to mention the industries involved, such as pharmaceutical giants, device manufacturers, and hospital corporations.
Thus, in our society, we view “disease” as meriting a huge investment into the search for effective prevention measures and cures. Many diseases, or the nonprofits linked with them, have TV ads and public service announcements trying to raise both consciousness and money, so we often hear about breast cancer, heart disease, AIDS and other diseases.
But when’s the last time you heard about abdominal wall pain syndrome, or Halal syndrome, or polar T3 syndrome…or any other syndrome??? If the same questionnaire asked you to list five syndromes, there’s a good chance you might be stumped.
First of all, what the heck is a syndrome? One definition is, “A group of symptoms which consistently occur together, or a condition characterized by a set of associated symptoms.” There are hundreds of syndromes that trouble people, but most of us don’t even know they exist, let alone take part in a walkathon or donate money for research.
Now think about this question: Is ET a disease or a syndrome? It fits the definition of syndrome because it is a group of symptoms which consistently occur together (e.g. in some families, hand tremors also occur with voice or head tremors), or a condition characterized by a set of associated symptoms. This is where the more recent, broad exploration of the links between motor and nonmotor symptoms plays an important part. ET is progressive, meaning it can become worse and involve more parts of the body and mind; we know that many people with ET gradually succumb to cognitive decline at a rate faster than people with out ET; that psychological problems of depression and apathy may take over a person’s emotional life, and much more.
Some scholars, like award-winning Dr. Roger Elble (Southern Illinois University of Medicine) adhere to the strict definition of ET as a syndrome.[[ii] Others disagree, arguing that identifying ET as merely a syndrome belittles it. For example, Lenka & Louis (2020) assert that ET should be accorded true disease status, but qualify it as a family of diseases. They write, “A condition with the label ‘syndrome’ may not be recognized as a serious problem, may be plagued by diminished public awareness, and may not garner funds for research that a condition with the label ‘disease’ or ‘diseases’ would. ET should be regarded as a family of diseases.”[iii]
Anyone living with the distress and chronic frustration and embarrassment of ET would not feel good about having their tremors written off as a syndrome. It would be like telling a breast cancer patient just starting chemotherapy after a lumpectomy, “Well, it’s not so bad—you have a cancer syndrome.”
At Sperling Neurosurgery Associates, we have the chance to see people with ET experience a miraculous transformation when their uncontrollable and often humiliating hand tremors are tamed by Neuravive, an outpatient treatment using MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound. They feel like their days of living with what surely felt like a disease are now over, even if just their dominant hand is treated.
Our experienced, talented and empathic staff agree with the position that ET deserves to be defined as a “disease” and not merely a “syndrome.” As anyone whose life has been transformed by alleviating the burden of disease can attest, the word “syndrome” just doesn’t begin to describe it.
NOTE: This content is solely for purposes of information and does not substitute for diagnostic or medical advice. Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing pelvic pain, or have any other health concerns or questions of a personal medical nature.
[i] Elble, R. Do We Belittle Essential Tremor by Calling It a Syndrome Rather Than a Disease? No. Front Neurol. 2020 Sep 30;11:586606.
[iii] Lenka A, Louis E. Do We Belittle Essential Tremor by Calling It a Syndrome Rather Than a Disease? Yes. Front Neurol. 2020; 11: 522687. | <urn:uuid:68288144-5b8b-405e-9317-10188f834e34> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://essentialtremortreatment.com/lets-not-belittle-essential-tremor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.94353 | 1,190 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Each week during the flu season, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes “Flu View,” a weekly report of the flu’s impact. During week 52 (December 26, 2015-January 2, 2016), influenza activity increased slightly in the U.S., according to the report.
CDC advises that people with flu can spread it to others up to about six feet away. Most experts think that flu viruses are spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze, or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth or nose.
In the article below, Jeff Dryfhout, global marketing director of AeraMax Professional, maker of the Aeramax Professional commercial air purifier (and a division of Fellowes) provides insight into the airborne spread of flu in the workplace and other facility types.
Minimize flu season by delivering healthier, cleaner facilities
Most facility managers realize flu season can dramatically affect the health of the people in their buildings. After all, the potential for germs in common areas are the reason we encourage students and workers to take sick days, emphasize the need for flu shots, and make a point of keeping surfaces clean.
However, cleaning the air needs to be considered an essential first line of defense against the flu. While handwashing and surface cleaning are good habits, these measures are only a small part of what facility managers need to do to reduce the flu’s impact. By improving air quality you can minimize the harmful effects of the virus, as well as damage done by other airborne pathogens (see infographic at right).
What facility leaders need to know about influenza
Most people catch the influenza virus through airborne exposure, according to CDC. Coughing, sneezing, and even talking can propel contagious flu nuclei into the air, where the smallest particles can remain airborne for hours and travel well over 100 feet. In other words, a cough or sneeze isn’t a problem just for the person standing nearby — it can put an entire room in jeopardy.
It doesn’t take much for the flu to quickly spread around common areas and potentially affect everyone in the room. This is one reason the flu takes such a significant toll each season, infecting up to 20% of U.S. residents and resulting in 17 million missed work days. Though flu preventions efforts have increased, flu cases have not declined in 12 years, according to CDC.
It’s almost impossible to keep the flu virus from entering the workplace. A person is contagious with the flu up to one day before and five to seven days after symptoms begin. Flu season is then further exacerbated because a majority of individuals knowingly go to work sick with the virus anyway — 55%, according to Staples’ sixth annual flu survey.
Those workers can quickly affect an entire organization. In fact, research from the Illinois Institute of Technology suggests that one contagious flu carrier can infect up to 15% of an office.
Improve indoor air quality (IAQ), reduce the flu
Handwashing and sanitizing surfaces aren’t enough to keep a facility healthy, safe, and clean. Indoor air is often two to five times more polluted than outdoor air, contaminated with allergens, germs, volatile organic compounds, and mold spores.
Commercial-grade air purifiers with true HEPA filters remove 99.9% of contaminants from the air, greatly benefiting the health and cleanliness of facilities such as schools, offices and residential buildings.
(Register here to attend “Cleaner Facilities & Flu Protection”, a free webinar presented by Jeff Dryfhout on Thursday, January 14, 2016.)
Surface Cleaning: The Germ “Hot Spots”
For those curious about how flu viruses threaten from the surface level, check out the infographic below from Staples, highlighting the “Top 10 Germ Hot Spots” in the average office.
And here are several findings from Staples’ 6th annual flu season survey. Employees and employers are aware of the impact of the flu on workplace productivity, but more than half of people (53%) surveyed by Staples in Fall 2015 say they have gone to work with the flu. The findings, notes Staples, show a strong understanding of how to stop the flu from spreading, but a disconnect in following key flu prevention techniques. The survey was conducted among 1,500 U.S. office workers. All were working full-time and spend at least 50% of their time working in an office environment. Of these, 718 were decision makers with a significant amount of control over their job; the remaining 783 were general office workers.
From the survey, more than half of respondents knew that flu viruses can live up to three days on a surface. Yes, misconceptions still prevail notes Staples. Nearly a third believe restrooms are the least clean rooms in an office buildings, but break rooms actually have the most bacteria. And 41% think doorknobs and elevator buttons are the least clean items in an office… yet no office items are less clean than desktops and tables in common areas
“It’s encouraging to see that employees have a strong understanding of flu risks and prevention, but there’s still work to be done,” said Dr. Charles Gerba, a professor of microbiology and environmental sciences at the University of Arizona who studies the transmission of pathogens through the environment. “Staples’ survey shows that less than 10 percent of respondents sanitize their phone and only one percent sanitize their tablet – two of the dirtiest items employees come in contact with throughout the day. The flu wreaks havoc on U.S. employees and in turn on businesses every year. Simple measures such as cleaning, sanitizing and limiting exposure can make a huge difference.” | <urn:uuid:fec4f058-e4fa-43ae-b04b-4f1499efea3e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://facilityexecutive.com/one-two-punch-for-flu-prevention/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.961366 | 1,245 | 3.390625 | 3 |
In Unix, to send ouput from a process to different file or device or to another process via a pipe, or to have a process read its input from a different file, device or pipe. Some other operating systems have similar facilities.To redirect input to come from a file instead of the keyboard, use "<":
myprog < myfileSimilarly to redirect output to a file instead of the screen:
ls > filelistA pipe redirects the output of one process directly into the input of another
who | wc -lA common misuse by beginners is
cat myfile | myprogWhich is more or less equivalent to "myprog < myfile" except that it introduces an extra unnecessary cat process and buffer space for the pipe. Even the "<" is unnecessary with many standard Unix commands since they accept input file names as command line arguments anyway. Unix's concept of standard input/output and I/O redirection make it easy to combine simple processes in powerful ways and to use the same commands for different purposes.
Last updated: 1998-04-24 | <urn:uuid:7bd82633-b6d6-4ddc-94a7-0163ea70ccf8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://foldoc.org/input/output+redirection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.884382 | 222 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Sustainable Finance is an alignment of the financial system with sustainability criteria that combine profit seeking while addressing sustainability issues. It is a shift to a more holistic framework that involves assessing environmental, social and governance metrics while making financial decisions. In other words, it is a philosophy of investing that merges traditional investments that target purely financial profit with philanthropic donations that don’t seek any financial returns, with an aim of combining purpose and impact with profitability in investments.
In the sustainable finance market, green bonds have been the most popular instrument as they offer an innovative vehicle that provides long-term, large-scale financing solutions for green assets and projects such as renewable energy, energy efficiency clean transportation and adaptions measures. Investments in climate change adaptations, constitute the largest number of climate bond issuances.
Green investments and climate change impact investments are the two most common sustainable finance instruments prevalent in the market today. The foundation of the sustainable finance market were laid out in 2006 when the Principles of Responsible Investment were first adopted. 1
Green Investments that deliver climate change impact are the most common in the sustainable finance market. There are two kinds of climate impact investments – Climate Change Mitigation and Climate Change adaptation strategies. Climate change Mitigation aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Examples of this category of investments include Renewable Energy, Energy efficiency, Green buildings, Clean transportation and Forest preservation. Climate change Adaptation initiatives aim to adapt economies and societies to the inevitable consequences of climate change. Such projects may include but are not limited to urban infrastructure ,climate resilient agriculture, climate friendly agri-business value chains and information support systems. A small segment of green investments also include those that seek to address other environmental issues (apart from climate change) such as biodiversity conservation and pollution prevention and control.
This framework paved the way for a first of its kind, Climate Awareness Bond, issued by the European Investment Bank in 2007, a type of financial instrument that linked carbon and equity where the principal was backed by renewable energy and energy efficiency assets. This led to the introduction of the first Green Bond. Green bonds are a type of financial instrument, where the proceeds are used to finance green projects or activities that are aligned with a set of defined green criteria.
The first labelled Green bond was launched by the World Bank in 2008. See the link to the journey of the first green bond issuance by the World Bank. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3gIJrABLSc
Green bonds offer several positives such as providing the opportunity to invest and identify green products for investment. They also help investors to improve their intelligence on climate issues and contribute to reduction in climate stress exposure. They provide transparency to the use of proceeds and allow in depth dialogues between issuers and investors.
More broadly, climate change threatens long-term returns of investments and undermines the ability of people to live in a stable and prosperous world. Investors will be confronted with the economic , social and environmental impacts of climate change. Allocating capital to companies with high external costs, can lower asset values and reduce returns for investors. If investors integrate, the risk of externalities such as floods and pollution into their investment decision making process they can not only create the expected value for their customers and provide collateral benefits to the wider community as well.
The total green bond market is now close to USD 1 trillion.2 While the market is evolving very quickly, investments in low emission infrastructure is still incipient when compared to traditional high emission ones. As per the World Bank group, low emission infrastructure investment remains less than 1% of the overall portfolio of institutional investors.
The investment needed in low-emission and climate resilient infrastructure is estimated by OECD to be USD 6.9 trillion a year upto 2030. Aligning financial flows with low-emission, resilient development pathways, is now more critical than ever to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement and deliver on the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. 3
India has become the second-largest market globally for green bonds with $10.3 billion worth of transactions in the first half of 2019, as issuers and investors continued to adopt policies and strategies linked to sustainable development goals, according to the Economic Survey of 2019-20. 4 | <urn:uuid:a57da08b-efff-418d-96f3-ed9de5949419> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://footprint.org.in/green-finance-an-important-vehicle-for-a-sustainable-economy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.925275 | 855 | 3.390625 | 3 |
From Go-karts, mini bikes to lawnmowers engines, carburetors are used in pretty much all small engines such as the predator 212. A carburetor is used to prepare the air-fuel mixture for combustion that takes place inside the engine.
Even though their function might seem complicated, their design is very simple and easy to understand, in this article we will go through the parts, working mechanisms of the stock carburetors that come along with the go-kart engines such as the predator 212 or the honda Gx200 or clones.
Apart from the parts shown in this diagram, your carburetor will also have a pilot jet.
The bowl is not labeled, but it is the outer-lower surface below the float, that holds the fuel. We will go through the functions of all the parts one by one.
How it works
As you might already know, there are small combustions taking place internally in the engine to convert the fuel into mechanical work. But no combustion can take place without the presence of oxygen. So, we need a mixture of both oxygen and fuel to be supplied to the engine for the combustion to take place.
The carburetor is the device through which the fuel gets mixed with the oxygen and the mixture is then passed onto the combustion chamber where the mixture is burned and the energy is released.
So the next question is, how do we create this mixture? We need to get the fuel to come in close contact with the oxygen in a place from which the mixture can be then pushed towards the combustion chamber due to some pressure difference.
So the place at which they come in contact is the Venturi (in the section diagram, the venturi is in between the choke shutter and the throttle shutter)
The air enters the carburetor from the Air filter into the upper half of the carburetor and the fuel comes in from the fuel tank through the gap between the inlet needle and seat and settles in the bowl. (If you’ve ever taken apart your go-kart carb, then the lower outer surface that is screwed into the carburetor is the bowl).
When the engine is running, the air enters from the filter, and the fuel is sucked in from the bowl into the venturi, where they both combine and the mixture is then passed to the combustion chamber (If you have some time in your hand, check this video of the carburetor working from a transparent view)
Choke and throttle valve
The 2 valves in the upper part are called the choke valve, and the throttle valve. The function of the choke is to block the entrance of air when the engine is cold so that the air-fuel mixture is rich and therefore easy to start.
The throttle valve will control the amount of mixture that leaves the carb and is directly related to the rpm of the engine. When the throttle valve is fully open, the rpm is high and when the throttle valve is closed, the Engine rpm is low.
In idle conditions, the throttle valve will be semi or fully closed, at fully closed, the mixtures are still able to form due to the presence of other small passages for the air to flow through,
There is usually an idle/pilot screw and an idle/pilot jet in the carburetor, the idle screw will determine how much the throttle valve is open in the idle condition and the idle jet will control the amount of fuel for the mixture in the idle condition.
In many situations, you’ll need to adjust the idle screw, for example when your go-kart clutch or torque converter takes off at idle condition, then it’s possible that the idle speed is set too high. For such situations, you’ll have to adjust the idle screw (it’s located between the 2 valves).
If you move the screw further inside, the idle rpm will increase, if you loosen that screw, the idle rpm will decrease.
The place between the 2 valves has a dip in cross-section called the venturi, this is where the fuel and air combine. Due to the smaller cross-section, there is low pressure in this region. If you want to learn more about their working then check this article.
Bowl and Float and inlet needle
The bowl is the part that holds the fuel on the carburetor and when you remove the bowl you’ll be able to see the float, which is a hollow cylinder usually made of plastic, metal, or fuel-resistant foam.
The float is connected with the inlet needle and the seat, as you can see from the lower half diagram:
The fuel comes in from the fuel tank through the space between the inlet needle and the seat and starts filling up the bowl.
As the bowl is filling up with the fuel, the floating part starts to float on the fuel, and after a certain amount of oil is filled in the bowl, the float will be pushed upwards due to the fuel along with the inlet needle which will fit in the seat, blocking any further incoming fuel.
The system is build so that the carburetor only takes the amount of fuel necessary for operation.
Main Jet and the emulsion tube
The fuel needs a passage to go from the bowl to the venturi and this passage is provided by the main jet and the distribution tube.
When you open up the carburetor from the bottom end, you’ll find a bolt that is holding the bowl to a cylindrical pipe inside, when you look inside that pipe, you’ll find the main jet with a hole and the distribution tube, which is a long cylindrical pipe with several holes on its side.
So the fuel goes in from the main jet into the emulsion tube and then into the venturi where it mixes with the air.
But the fuel has to get from the bowl to the main jet, for this purpose, some carburetors have 2 fixed holes in the cylindrical pipe (the pipe that holds the bolt and has the main jet inside of it), some carburetors have holes in the bolts (the bolts that hold to bowl to the tube) for the fuel to pass.
When the throttle opens, the main jet activates and the fuel starts getting sucked upwards. As it is passing through the emulsion tube, the fuel mixes with the air from the holes in the emulsion tube. Yes, the fuel is emulsified with some air even before it enters the venturi. In the venturi, this emulsifiers fuel is atomized.
- Fuel enters the bowl from the fuel tank through the fuel inlet
- The bowl starts filling up and the float starts floating
- After sufficient fuel the inlet closes
- The fuel gets sucked in through the main jet and distribution tube into the venturi
- Fuel and air combines
- The mixture is sent to the combustion chamber for combustion. | <urn:uuid:8f31d23b-8677-46b8-9e7c-38b6dfb75c14> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://gokartnerds.com/small-engine-carburetor-working/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.947353 | 1,431 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Introduction to Car Tax
Car tax, often referred to as Vehicle Excise Duty (VED), is a vital aspect of car ownership that every vehicle owner must understand. It is a mandatory payment imposed by the government to fund road maintenance, infrastructure, and environmental initiatives. In essence, car tax exists to ensure that the financial burden of maintaining the road network and reducing environmental impacts is shared fairly among vehicle owners.
The Importance of Understanding Car Tax
Understanding car tax is crucial for every vehicle owner in the United Kingdom. Not only does it fulfil a legal requirement, but it also contributes to the overall well-being of the nation’s transportation system. Being aware of your car tax obligations will help you avoid penalties, stay on the right side of the law, and contribute to the sustainability of our road infrastructure.
Types of Car Taxes
Car ownership in the UK entails various types of taxes that drivers need to be aware of. These include:
Vehicle Excise Duty (VED)
VED, commonly known as road tax, is the primary form of car tax in the UK. It is an annual tax based on your vehicle’s CO2 emissions and, for vehicles registered after April 2017, its list price when new. The rates vary, with electric and low-emission vehicles benefiting from reduced or even zero rates. VED payments are a legal requirement, and failure to pay can result in penalties and fines. There is also a £40k ‘luxury car tax‘ that went into effect on April 1st 2021.
Value Added Tax (VAT)
VAT is a sales tax levied on the purchase of new cars. Currently set at 20%, it applies to the total purchase price of a new vehicle. However, VAT does not apply to used cars.
Fuel duty is another form of car tax. It is included in the price of petrol and diesel and contributes significantly to government revenue. The rates for fuel duty are subject to change in government budgets and can affect the cost of running your vehicle.
If you import a vehicle into the UK, you may be subject to import duties. The amount depends on the vehicle’s value and the country of origin.
Vehicle registration is an integral part of car ownership in the United Kingdom. It involves documenting your vehicle with the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA). The process includes providing essential information about your vehicle, such as its make, model, engine size, and registration date.
Additionally, there are associated fees for vehicle registration, including a one-time registration fee and the annual VED. Vehicle owners must ensure their registration is up-to-date and that they renew their VED annually. Failing to do so can result in fines and a loss of driving privileges.
Exemptions and Special Considerations
There are some exemptions and special considerations when it comes to VAT on cars in the UK. For instance:
If you are purchasing a car for business use, you may be able to reclaim some or all of the VAT, depending on your business’s VAT status and the intended use of the vehicle.
Electric cars currently benefit from a reduced 5% VAT rate, encouraging the adoption of environmentally friendly vehicles.
Property Tax on Vehicles
In the UK, property tax on vehicles does not exist in the same way it does in some other countries. Instead, you’ll encounter the aforementioned VED as an annual tax, which is based on your vehicle’s emissions and list price. The value of the vehicle plays a role in calculating the tax but is not the sole determining factor.
Tax Credits & Deductions
Electric Vehicle Incentives
One of the key incentives for UK vehicle owners is related to electric cars. The government has introduced various schemes to encourage the adoption of electric vehicles, including grants for purchasing electric cars and tax deductions for electric company cars. These incentives not only reduce your tax liability but also promote cleaner and more sustainable transportation options.
Business Use Deductions
If you use your vehicle for business purposes, you may be eligible for deductions related to mileage and expenses. Keeping accurate records of your business-related vehicle use can help reduce your overall tax liability.
Tax Season and Filing Deadlines
Car taxes in the UK are typically assessed and paid annually. The specific dates for tax assessments can vary, as they are based on the vehicle’s registration. It is important to note that tax payments are due on the first day of each month, but there is no need to panic if you miss your deadline. The government allows a 14-day grace period for payments.
Penalties for Non-Payment
Failure to pay your car tax on time can result in penalties and fines. The severity of these consequences depends on the length of time your tax remains unpaid. If your vehicle is found on the road without proper tax coverage, you can face fines and even have your car clamped or towed. Persistent non-payment may lead to legal action.
Tips for Reducing Car Tax
Vehicle depreciation is a natural process that can work in your favour when it comes to car tax. As your vehicle gets older, its taxable value decreases, reducing your annual tax liability.
Tax Credits and Exemptions
Explore potential tax credits and exemptions that may apply to your specific situation. For instance, if your vehicle qualifies for disabled or military vehicle tax exemptions, be sure to take advantage of them.
Changes in Tax Obligations
Your car tax obligations can change due to various factors:
Change in Ownership
If you buy or sell a vehicle, make sure to notify the DVLA (Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency) to transfer the tax liability to the new owner. Failure to do so can lead to complications and potential fines.
Change in Location or Use
If you move to a different area or change how you use your vehicle, this can affect your car tax obligations. Ensure that your vehicle tax reflects these changes accurately.
Apart from the standard car tax, vehicle owners should be aware of their financial considerations:
Emissions Related Taxes
The UK government has implemented emissions-related taxes to promote environmentally friendly transportation. Vehicles with lower emissions may receive tax incentives, while those with higher emissions may incur additional charges.
Tolls & Road Usage Charges
Certain areas in the UK impose tolls and road usage charges. Be aware of these additional costs, which can vary by location and usage.
Car taxes in the United Kingdom are an integral part of vehicle ownership, and understanding the tax system is essential to avoid penalties and optimise your financial situation. Stay informed about tax credits, filing deadlines, and changes in tax obligations to ensure that you are compliant with the law while minimising your tax liability. By utilising online resources and staying informed, you can navigate the world of car taxes in the UK more effectively and make informed decisions about your vehicle ownership. | <urn:uuid:a7d4b0e3-ed8a-4a67-a47a-9c5934c6b450> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://goodlifeplus.co.uk/blog/a-beginners-guide-to-car-tax/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.95426 | 1,410 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Social media platforms have become sites for sociopolitical engagement with individuals increasingly using these platforms to advocate and share about sociopolitical issues. As social media becomes ubiquitous in the lives of youth, we are interested in how youth's exposure to online sociopolitical content influences their identity as engaged citizens in a democratic society. Historically, youth's identity formation as democratic citizens occurs within civic education classes and community engagement programs. As such, we leverage existing literature that discusses youth's education as democratic citizens in these contexts to shape our understanding of how social media can facilitate or hinder youth's identity formation.
Our research group examines how novel interactive computing systems can help people to achieve a state of wellness, as defined by the World Health Organization: "Wellness is the realisation of the fullest potential of an individual physically, psychologically, socially, spiritually and economically."
We are particularly interested in issues of health equity, designing innovative software tools for populations who disproportionately experience barriers to wellness. To this end, our research explores how social, mobile, and ubiquitous software systems can support health literacy, healthy behaviors, and health advocacy in low-socioeconomic and racial/ethnic minority groups. The Wellness Technology Lab utilizes user-centered, participatory design methods to design and build engaging and motivating software systems, and conducts in-depth field studies to evaluate user experience with and impact of these tools. Our work contributes to the fields of human-computer interaction (HCI), computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), social computing, ubiquitous computing (Ubicomp), and personal/consumer health informatics. | <urn:uuid:49909eea-68f8-4ef2-ae28-a3ad09e4dd93> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://gvu.gatech.edu/research/projects/understanding-social-media-sociopolitical-development-tool | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.925149 | 315 | 2.59375 | 3 |
It contains elements that are very necessary for the body to function normally and maintain overall health. So you open the cone, take out one nut, and in it:
• 14 essential amino acids
• minerals — iron, nickel, molybdenum, carotene, manganese, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iodine, copper, zinc, silicon
• vitamins E, P, A, C, P, D and group B
• essential oils and resins.
In terms of their nutritional properties, nuts are many times superior to dairy and meat products! As for children’s health, the eaten kernels enhance growth, increase mental activity and strengthen immunity. Also, nuts must be eaten during the period of change of milk teeth. | <urn:uuid:8f4e59e0-809d-4c7c-98d0-19a48c4603b9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://hacklinkpanel.xyz/2023/09/28/the-cedar-cone-is-truly-a-wow-product-why/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.900324 | 156 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Groundbased instrumentation for measurements of atmospheric airglow
A groundbased instrument to measure the Atmospheric airglow of the molecular oxygen infrared atmospheric band emission was designed, built, tested and operated. The two channel photometer constructed was based on the original design by Evans (1967) that had been used in balloon experiments. The two channel photometer system specifications are presented. The major difference between the presented design and the earlier two channel photometers is the detector. An Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) photodiode provided better signal to noise in the conversion of the infrared light signal to an electronic signal than the previously used Lead Sulphide (PbS) detectors. The completed instrument was tested to determine its performance characteristics. Through these tests it was found that the photometer output offset is sensitive to ambient temperature fluctuations. An analysis of the instrument noise was done in an attempt to explain this sensitivity. The output noise performance was characterized and is presented together with the absolute brightness and wavelength calibrations. Data was collected with the instrument in Saskatoon, SK and Eureka, NU. After an initial observation campaign in the high arctic (Eureka, NU) modifications were made to the environmental housing of the instrument in order to improve the scientific value of the data collected. The collected data was processed and a simple analysis performed to demonstrate the capability of the photometer to measure the infrared atmospheric airglow. The collected data can be used to determine the mesospheric ozone height profile. The required data analysis to do so is beyond the scope of this presentation. However, the presented data does demonstrate that the designed and constructed two channel photometer can make the necessary measurements.
ozone, molecular oxygen, TOP2000, Lock-In amplifier, InGaAs, photometer
Master of Engineering (M.Eng.) | <urn:uuid:d73665d1-a3d5-4928-b812-99cf07c42788> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://harvest.usask.ca/items/ae712c1d-dfd0-4119-9ea2-baaa5cc18cda | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.92286 | 375 | 2.609375 | 3 |
What is cortisol?
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that regulates a wide range of processes throughout the body, including metabolism and the immune response. It also has a very important role in helping the body respond to stress.
Cortisol is made in the cortex of the adrenal glands and then released into the blood, which transports it all round the body. Almost every cell contains receptors for cortisol and so cortisol can have lots of different actions depending on which sort of cells it is acting upon. These effects include controlling the body’s blood sugar levels and thus regulating metabolism, acting as an anti-inflammatory, influencing memory formation, controlling salt and water balance, influencing blood pressure and helping development of the fetus. In many species cortisol is also responsible for triggering the processes involved in giving birth.
Bound cortisol versus free cortisol:
80-90% of cortisol is bound to cortisol-binding globulin (CBG); much like thyroid is bound to thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) and testosterone is bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).
A very small percentage of cortisol is free and unbound, while the remaining is in transition.
Converted and metabolized cortisol:
The human body produces cortisol first, and then different glands have the ability to keep it as cortisol or convert it into cortisone, which is biologically inactive, through the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase (11bHSD).
Cortisol is then metabolized into 5-alpha-Tetrahydrocortisol (5a-THF) and 5-beta-Tetrahydrocortisol (5b-THF) and cortisone is metabolized into 5-beta-Tetrahydrocortisone (5b-THE).
Total metabolized output:
Since all production and output originally started as cortisol, the cortisone metabolites are added to the cortisol metabolites when evaluating the “total metabolized cortisol”. It essentially reflects how much cortisol was made in the body and has been processed out through the liver and the kidney into the urine.
Interpretation of different types:
The amount of cortisol produced and the amount of free cortisol available can be very different in some scenarios. Measuring both allows for insight into the rate of cortisol clearance/metabolism.
Higher levels of metabolized cortisol (vs free):
For example, higher levels of metabolized cortisol (compared to free cortisol) are often seen in obesity where adipose tissue is likely pulling cortisol from its binding protein and allowing for metabolism and clearance. The adrenal gland has to keep up with this cortisol sequestering and excretion, so cortisol production is often quite high (as seen in the levels of metabolized cortisol) even though free cortisol does not correlate positively with adipose tissue or BMI. This insight is quite helpful for those looking to lose belly fat and suspect cortisol/stress is a major factor. These people are often misdiagnosed as having low cortisol production when only free cortisol is measured. Increased cortisol clearance may also be seen in hyperthyroidism and is suspected to be part of the chronic fatigue story as well.
In people with low thyroid, the opposite pattern is often seen. When the thyroid slows down or if there is peripheral hypothyroidism where free T3 cannot get into the cells, the clearance (or metabolism) of cortisol through the liver slows down. As a result, free cortisol starts to increase and may show up elevated in urine.
The metabolized cortisol and free cortisol markers are important to use both together and separately in order to tell a more detailed story. Metabolized cortisol answers the question of how much cortisol is being made in total and clearing through the liver. Whereas free-cortisol results tell us how much cortisol is free to bind to receptors and allows for assessment of the circadian rhythm. The metabolites of cortisol also give insight into the relative activity of 11b-HSD types I and II, which controls the activation and inactivation (to cortisone) of cortisol.
How is cortisol controlled in general?
Blood levels of cortisol vary dramatically, but generally are high in the morning when we wake up, and then fall throughout the day. This is called a diurnal rhythm. In people that work at night, this pattern is reversed, so the timing of cortisol release is clearly linked to daily activity patterns. In addition, in response to stress, extra cortisol is released to help the body to respond appropriately.
The secretion of cortisol is mainly controlled by three inter-communicating regions of the body, the hypothalamus in the brain, the pituitary gland and the adrenal gland. This is called the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. When cortisol levels in the blood are low, a group of cells in a region of the brain called the hypothalamus releases corticotrophin-releasing hormone, which causes the pituitary gland to secrete another hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, into the bloodstream. High levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone are detected in the adrenal glands and stimulate the secretion of cortisol, causing blood levels of cortisol to rise. As the cortisol levels rise, they start to block the release of corticotrophin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus and adrenocorticotropic hormone from the pituitary. As a result the adrenocorticotropic hormone levels start to drop, which then leads to a drop in cortisol levels. This is called a negative feedback loop.
Cortisol is metabolized by 5a/5b reductase (and 3a-HSD) to a/b-THF & THE for excretion. This process is slowed in cases of hypothyroidism, anorexia or poor liver function.
Cortisol is metabolized by 5a/5b reductase (and 3a-HSD) to a/b-THF & THE for excretion. This process is particularly increased in obesity, high insulin and hyperthyroid.
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$75 per month | <urn:uuid:e188764b-9169-402a-8394-282b8cb34ff4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://healthmatters.io/understand-blood-test-results/allo-tetrahydrocortisol | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.920591 | 1,517 | 3.265625 | 3 |
This article discusses the results of a study that examined the provision of water and student water consumption in food service areas (FSA) in a random sample of San Francisco, California Bay Area schools. Barriers to and strategies for implementing federal and state drinking water requirements were also examined. Researchers found that 14 of 24 schools offered free water access in FSAs; 10 offered water via fountains and four through alternative delivery systems. At schools with free water in FSAs, only 4% of students were observed drinking free water at lunch. In secondary schools, when water was provided by a non-fountain source, the percentage of students who drank free water doubled. Barriers to implementing water requirements included lack of knowledge of the legislation, cost, and other pressing academic concerns.
Published: July 2012
ID #: 68241
Journal: Prev Chronic Dis
Authors: Patel AI, Chandran K, Hampton KE, et al
Resource Type: Journal Article
Examining the Effects of School Drinking-Water Policies and Practices on Student Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in CaliforniaFew U.S. studies have investigated school drinking water access and policies and practices related to school drinking water. This project will investigate drinking water availability, policies and practices, and barriers to implementing programs and policies to improve drinking water access and intake in California public schools. If pending California state legislation to improve drinking water More | <urn:uuid:c08947ae-bb6e-4f20-866d-78ca97820372> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://healthyeatingresearch.org/research/observations-of-drinking-water-access-in-school-food-service-areas-before-implementation-of-federal-and-state-school-water-policy-california-2011/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.938079 | 283 | 2.9375 | 3 |
🔬 The Science Behind #1 Electronic Hunters Hearing Protection in Jenks & Tulsa, OK 🏹
Understanding Sound and Hearing 🔊 🤔
How sound travels through the ear and is processed by the brain?
The ear is a complex and intricate organ responsible for our ability to hear. It is made up of three main parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. These parts collect, amplify, and transmit sound waves to the brain, processing and interpreting them as sound.
As a hunter in Jenks, Oklahoma, it is essential to understand how sound travels through the ear to protect your hearing and choose the proper hearing aids.
The outer ear, also known as the pinna, is the visible part of the ear that collects sound waves and directs them into the ear canal. The shape of the pinna helps to localize sounds and determine their direction. This is why animals like deer have large, movable ears to help them detect predators.
Once sound waves enter the ear canal, they reach the middle ear, amplified by the eardrum and three small bones called ossicles. These ossicles act as a lever system that amplifies the sound vibrations and transmits them to the inner ear.
The inner ear is where sound waves are converted into electrical signals that can be sent to the brain. This conversion happens through tiny hair cells in the cochlea, a spiral-shaped structure filled with fluid. The movement of these hair cells triggers nerve impulses that travel through the auditory nerve to the brain.
Our brains then process and interpret these electrical signals as sound. Different brain parts are responsible for various aspects of sound perception, such as pitch, loudness, and location. This complex process helps us make sense of the sounds around us.
As a hunter, protecting your hearing from the potentially damaging effects of gunshots and other loud noises in the field is essential. Proper ear protection, such as ear monitors, earmuffs, or earplugs, can help prevent noise-induced hearing loss.
Electronic Hunters Hearing Protection in Jenks and Tulsa 🦻⚡
What are electronic hearing protection devices?
Electronic hearing protection devices, also known as electronic earplugs, are advanced hearing protection devices that combine the benefits of traditional earplugs with modern technology. These devices use electronic circuitry to amplify and clarify speech while reducing harmful loud noises. They are popular among hunters and shooters in Jenks because they allow for situational awareness while offering superior hearing protection.
Why should hunters in Jenks use hearing protection?
Hearing loss is a common occurrence among hunters. The loud sounds of gunshots can cause permanent damage to the sensitive structures of the inner ear, leading to irreversible hearing loss. In fact, according to the CDC, hunters are more than three times as likely to have high-frequency hearing loss compared to non-hunters.
In addition, the loud noises of hunting can also cause a condition known as tinnitus, which is a constant ringing or buzzing in the ears. This can be highly irritating and even debilitating for some individuals.
To protect against these risks, hunters in Jenks need proper hearing protection. And not just hearing protection will do – it’s essential to use high-quality, specialized hearing protection designed specifically for hunting.
📣 What are the benefits of using electronic hearing protection in Jenks and Tulsa? 🛡️
What are the benefits of using electronic hearing protection?
Electronic hearing protection in Jenks and Tulsa offers a range of benefits, making them the ideal choice for hunters in Jenks. These include:
- Enhanced situational awareness: Unlike traditional earplugs, which completely block out all noise, electronic earplugs amplify and clarify speech while reducing loud noises. This allows hunters to stay aware of their surroundings, including the sounds of potential prey or other hunters.
- Customizable settings: Many electronic hearing protection devices offer different settings and modes for specific hunting situations. This allows hunters to adjust the noise reduction and amplification level based on their needs.
- Comfort and convenience: Electronic earplugs are designed with comfort in mind. They come in various sizes and shapes to fit different ear canal sizes, and many models have features such as sweat resistance and Bluetooth connectivity.
- Long-term cost savings: While electronic hearing protection devices may have a higher upfront cost than traditional earplugs, they can save hunters money in the long run. These devices can last for years with proper care and maintenance, whereas traditional earplugs often need to be replaced after each use.
Types of Electronic Hearing Protection 🎶🛡️
What are the different types of electronic hearing protection?
A few options are available when protecting your hearing while hunting or shooting. Traditional earplugs and earmuffs have been used for years, but now there are advanced electronic hearing protection devices specifically designed for hunters and shooters.
One such option is Digital Hunter’s Hearing Protection, designed for those who need amplification and protection in their outdoor activities. These devices utilize advanced digital technology to provide environmental awareness while protecting your hearing from loud gun blasts.
They come in two levels of protection: Silver and Phantom.
- Silver Level Protection: This level features one listening memory and volume control, making it a great entry-level option for those exploring electronic hearing protection.
- Phantom Level Protection: For more advanced users, the Phantom level offers four different listening memories, including regular, increased wind reduction, telecoil, and mute, as well as volume control. This level is ideal for those needing more specific customization and settings to suit their needs.
Both Digitals Hunter’s Hearing Protection levels have advanced features such as intelligent noise reduction, directional microphones, and wind reduction technology.
🐵 Why Hearing Solution Centers Offer The Best Hunters Hearing Protection in Jenks 🙉
Why is Hearing Solution Centers the best option in Hunter Hearing Aids in Jenks?
If you are a hunter or shooter in Jenks, Oklahoma, you know how important it is to protect your hearing while in the field. That’s where Hearing Solution Centers come in. Our digital hunter’s hearing protection in Jenks & Tulsa, OK, is specifically designed for individuals like you who need both amplification and protection.
Our advanced digital technology allows for environmental awareness, so you can still hear your surroundings’ sounds while protecting your ears from loud gun blasts. We offer custom-fit in-the-ear (ITE) models for ultimate comfort and effectiveness.
But what sets us apart from other providers of Hunter Hearing Protection in Jenks? Our commitment to providing the most advanced electronic hearing protection available today. Our products include features like digital wind noise reduction and automatic feedback cancellation, ensuring you have the best possible experience in the field.
Hearing Solution Centers is proud to be your top choice for Audiology in Jenks & Tulsa. Take your time with your hearing – trust our expert team and advanced technology to keep you safe and comfortable during every hunting trip. So, if you are looking for the best Hunter Hearing Protection in Jenks, look no further than Hearing Solution Centers.
Contact us today to learn more about our products and schedule your consultation. Let us help you enjoy your hunting experience while safeguarding your hearing for years to come. Trust the Hearing Solution Centers experts for all your hunter hearing needs in Jenks, Oklahoma. Don’t wait – protect your hearing today! Let’s get started and find the perfect solution for you. Your ears will thank you.
One quick and painless appointment with us is all it takes🆓👣
To undergo the tests, Tulsa residents can visit our Shop in Tulsa at 6550 E 71st St # 101, Tulsa, OK, 74133, USA. A representative from Hearing Solution Centers is constantly reachable at (918) 388-6644 for queries. Visit the Shop’s website @heartulsa.com to learn more about its services and get the help you need.
Tulsa Metropolitan Area, Bixby, Jenks, Tulsa, Coweta, Sapulpa, Glenpool, Muskogee, Claremore, Bartlesville, Broken Arrow, Sand Springs, South Peoria, Cherry Street, Rose District, Brady Arts District, Blue Dome District, Brookside, Deco District, Downtown, Uptown, Greenwood, Midtown, The Pearl District, Southern Hills, Southside, Southeast Tulsa, Utica Square, Tulsa County
No Matter The Situation, Our Custom Hunter Earmold Services in Jenks & Tulsa, OK, can Help You!
AGX® ONLINE HEARING QUIZ
Is it time to talk to a #1 Hearing Health Service Provider in Jenks & Tulsa, OK?
This online hearing quiz can help identify problem areas in your hearing health. | <urn:uuid:0086ae1e-e4ca-456e-8dbf-8fa9da1ad9d9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://heartulsa.com/the-science-behind-electronic-hunters-hearing-protection-in-jenks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.926132 | 1,812 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Tarweed …a nuisance plant on California ranges
AuthorsS. S. Winans
C. M. Mckell
Authors AffiliationsS. S. Winans is Laboratory Technician, Hopland Field Station; C. M. McKell is Assistant Agronomist, Agronomy Department, University of California, Agricultural Experiment Station, Riverside (formerly Plant Physiologist, Crops Research Division, ARS, USDA).
Hilgardia 17(4):11-13. DOI:10.3733/ca.v017n04p11. April 1963.
Tarweed is well adapted for survival as a nuisance plant on California ranges. While expensive control measures may not be justified, effective methods are needed for minimizing the use of soil moisture by tarweed seedlings in the spring. Clipping or heavy grazing and nitrogen fertilization offer possibilities for reduction in density of tarweed seedlings in favor of the more desirable forage species.
Also in this issue:Burning tepee aids air pollution studies at Riverside
Storage management and nectarine shrivel
Water supply and irrigation effects on alfalfa
Organic matter and wettability for greenhouse soils
Sprays for San Jose scale on peaches, Fresno County
Fresh-pitted dried prunes …for the grocery retail trade
Wilt tolerance in cotton varieties
Foliar sprays correct manganese deficiencies on desert grapefruit
Legume test plots
Lygus bug injury and its effect on the growth of alfalfa
The Willamette mite on grapes | <urn:uuid:6c8340a0-4ac1-41db-9567-8fa52eef87f3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://hilgardia.ucanr.edu/Abstract/?a=ca.v017n04p11&sharebar=share | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.808784 | 323 | 3 | 3 |
Making jewelry out of plastic - polymer clay - is exciting very quickly. The techniques used are very different. This includes millefiori, mokume-gane, mika-shift, filigree, and transfer. Transfer is the translation of pictures onto plastic. About him will be discussed.
It is necessary
- - baked polymer clay
- - sheet with the image
- - formic alcohol
- - cotton wool
- - tweezers
- - gel or varnish
Roll out a layer of white plastic, give it the desired shape. Cut out the picture so that its edges completely overlap the product. Press the image to be translated firmly, face down, against the plastic. At this stage, you can make holes for the fittings.
Soak cotton wool in formic alcohol and dampen the paper pressed against the plastic. If you do not mind alcohol, you can fill it with a product with a translation. As a result, the paper should be completely saturated with alcohol.
Take a smooth object with a blunt end and start sliding the edge over the picture on the head, paying close attention to the edges. In this case, the paper should not roll. That is why you cannot translate the image with your fingers. Make sure that the transfer surface is always wet. Repeat these steps several times.
As a result of your actions, the paper should delaminate. Using a pair of tweezers, gently grasp the edge of the paper and very carefully peel off the top layer. Only ink should remain on the plastic, and you have a perfectly white, smooth sheet in your hands. After that, do not touch the surface of the product. If you need to correct the shape, be very careful - it is very easy to blur the image.
Now bake the product in accordance with the instructions. For "Fimo", the temperature is usually indicated at 110–120 ° C, and the heat treatment time is at least half an hour. However, it depends on the thickness of the product. Plastics with translated pictures can be cooked, but at the same time they must be thrown into boiling water so that the drawing grabs immediately. Also, with this method, you should not cook several products at once - if they come into contact in water, they can lubricate each other's drawings.
After complete cooling, the product is ground, polished and varnish or a layer of transparent or liquid plastic is applied. If you choose the second option, you will need to bake again.
In addition to the above, there are also ways to translate a picture using thermal transfer paper, liquid plastic, mineral oil. | <urn:uuid:6fa6ce6c-0423-4afb-8b4e-887021558861> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://hobbygaiety.com/10924603-how-to-transfer-a-picture-to-plastic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.923884 | 546 | 2.515625 | 3 |
In Nevada's dry Ivanpah Valley, just southeast of Las Vegas, a massive unintended experiment in animal conservation has revealed an unexpected result.
From 1997 to 2014, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service moved more than 9,100 Mojave desert tortoises to the 100-square-kilometer (about 39 miles square) Large Scale Translocation Site. The newcomers, many of which were abandoned pets or had been displaced by development, joined nearly 1,500 desert tortoises already living there.
Conventional wisdom would suggest that tortoises from areas closest to the translocation site would fare best. But a new UCLA study, published today in Science, found no connection between the tortoises' place of origin and their chances of survival. It did, however, uncover a far better predictor.
Tortoises with lots of genetic variation were much more likely to survive after their relocation, said UCLA conservation ecologist Brad Shaffer, the study's senior author. Like most organisms, tortoises have two copies of their entire genome, with one copy from each parent. The more those copies differ from each other, the higher the organism's heterozygosity.
The researchers compared translocated tortoises that lived or died over the same time period after being relocated to the site. They found that survivors averaged 23% greater heterozygosity than those that perished. Simply put, tortoises with more genetic variation had higher survival rates.
“It flies in the face of what we know from other translocation studies, but lots of genetic variation was hands-down the best predictor of whether a tortoise lived or died,” said Shaffer, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology and director of the UCLA La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science. “Relocating endangered plants and animals is increasingly necessary to counteract the effects of climate change, and this gives us a new tool to increase survival rates.”
Although the relationship between heterozygosity and survival was well supported by the study, it's unclear why greater genetic variation is linked to survival rates, said former UCLA postdoctoral scholar Peter Scott, the study's lead author.
“Potentially, individuals with higher heterozygosity have more genomic flexibility,” said Scott, who is now an assistant professor at West Texas A&M University. “It's likely that tortoises with more variation have a better chance of having one copy of a gene that works really well in stressful or new environments compared to those individuals with two identical copies that only work really well in their environment of origin.”
The researchers wanted to make tortoise conservation efforts more effective, and uncover trends that would help other species as well, Scott said.
“Oftentimes, the chances of success for relocating plants or animals is pretty dismal,” he said. “We wanted to understand why, and use that understanding to increase survival.”
Over the years, tortoises that were given up as pets, or removed from places like developments in suburban Las Vegas and solar farms in the desert, were surrendered to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
The agency took blood samples to screen for diseases and marked each animal before releasing them into the Ivanpah Valley site, which enabled the animals to be tracked in later surveys. The UCLA researchers sequenced blood samples drawn from 79 tortoises that were released to the site and were known to be alive in 2015, and from another 87 known to have died after they were released at the site.
Although the Large Scale Translocation Site provided an intriguing dataset, it's not the same as a controlled experiment. Additional studies would be needed to understand why more heterozygous tortoises had a higher survival probability and precisely how much of an increase in genetic variation improves a tortoise's odds of surviving.
“The only reason we could do this study was because the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was incredibly forward-thinking when they set up the translocation site and tracked who lived and died,” Shaffer said. “Many died, and no one was happy about that. But we can learn a lot from that unfortunate result to help conservation management improve.
“When thinking about moving animals or plants out of danger, or repopulating an area emptied by wildfire, now we can easily and economically measure genetic variability to better gauge the survival probability of those translocated individuals. It's not the only criteria, but it's an important piece of the puzzle.” | <urn:uuid:7b72b798-e8e0-4213-b945-2de5679956d0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://home.savesome.green/study-of-threatened-desert-tortoises-offers-new-conservation-strategy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.969828 | 930 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Earache occurs due to an infection or swelling in any part of the ear. There are several types of earaches – ‘Otitis Media’, which is caused due to an infection in the middle part of the ear, and ‘Otitis Externa’, which occurs as a result of an infection in the outer ear. If ear pain is due to the swelling of the tympanic membrane (eardrum), it is called ‘Myringitis’. Though, earaches can affect both adults as well as children, but it is more common in kids.
Causes of different types of earaches are:
- Bacterial infection
- Common cold
- Infection in the upper respiratory tract
- Inflammation in the Eustachian tubes
- Feeding a baby with a bottle in a lying-down position
- Second hand smoke or passive smoking
- Abnormal structure of the head or ears
- Accumulation of moisture in the ear canal due to swimming or showers
- An injury in the outer ear canal or eardrum
- Infection in the outer ear canal
- Throat or nose infection
- Common cold
- Build up of fungus or excess earwax in the ear
- Arthritis in the jaw
- Ear disease
- Ear tube blockage
- An injury to the jawbone
- Injury to the eardrum
- Infection or inflammation of eardrum
- Ruptured eardrum
- Formation of blisters in the eardrum
- Eardrum puncture while cleaning
Other main causes of earache are:
- Decrease in pressure due to high altitudes
- Referred pain due to throat-ache, pain in the jaw or teeth
- If a foreign object gets stuck in the ear, like an insect or blocked earwax
The symptoms of Otitis Externa and Otitis Media are:
- Chronic pain due to pulling of ear’s outer rim
- Buzzing and singing sound in the ear
- Discharge from the ear canal
- Swelling and itchiness in the ear
- Bleeding from the ear canal
- Ear blockage
- Infants and children suffering from Otitis Media may suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, loss of sleep and appetite, irritability, fussiness, and increased crying.
Symptoms of Myringitis are:
- Severe earache that disappears suddenly
- Blood discharge from the ear canal
Video: Top 7 Best Home Remedies for Earache
Home Remedies for Earache
Here are some of the best natural earache remedies that can be tried at home to get instant relief.
1. Place Heating Pad
Take a hot water bottle or damp a small washcloth in hot water and place it on the aching ear. The warmth gives a great relief from earache while improving the blood circulation.
Garlic is a strong analgesic as well as antibiotic, therefore, gives a fast relief from earache. Take 1 teaspoon of crushed garlic and heat it in 2 tbsp of sesame oil for a few minutes. Now, let it cool and then strain it. Now, pour 2-3 drops of this oil in the paining ear.
Ginger is an excellent painkiller as well as it also has anti-inflammatory properties. Put fresh ginger juice into the affected ear. You can also heat 1 tablespoon of fresh ginger root in ¼ cup of sesame oil and then, apply it externally around the aching ear.
4. Olive Oil
Olive oil is also one of the best natural remedies for earache. It helps in getting rid of infection in the ear while relieving the pain. Pour 3-4 drops of warm olive oil into the aching ear with the help of a dropper or a cotton ball.
5. Basil Leaves
Crush some basil leaves and extract its juice. Put at least 2 drops of it into the infected ear to get relief from earache.
Grate an onion and take out its juice. Put 2-3 drops of it into the affected ear at least 2-3 times in a day. Onion is a good antiseptic and cures earache easily.
7. Eucalyptus Oil
Pour a few drops of eucalyptus oil into a bowl of boiling water. Add a teaspoon of Vicks to it. Now, inhale the steam of this water. Repeat this process until the pain lowers down. This reduces the pressure while also facilitating the drainage of accumulated fluids from the infected ear.
8. Bishop’s Weed Oil
It is one of the most effective home remedies for earache relief. You just need to add 1 teaspoon of bishop’s weed oil in 3 teaspoons of sesame oil. Then, heat it a bit. Pour 4-5 drops of this oil into the aching ear.
9. White Vinegar and Rubbing Alcohol
Mix some white vinegar and rubbing alcohol and pour few drops of this mixture into the infected ear. It will heal the infection while reducing the pain in the ear.
Pour few drops of fresh peppermint juice into the aching ear. You can also apply peppermint oil externally around the infected ear. But, make sure, you don’t put it directly into your ear. Peppermint is a good earache remedies to try at home.
Heat some licorice herb in clarified butter. Apply this paste externally around the aching ear to get quick relief from chronic earache.
12. Tea Tree Oil
Pour few drops of tea tree oil into the aching ear. Tea tree oil works best for treating ear infections while eliminating the pain, caused due to it.
Radish also helps to relieve severe earache. Chop some radish and heat it in mustard oil. Allow it to cool, then strain. Now, put few drops of this oil into the aching ear.
14. Try Over-the-counter Drugs
Over-the-counter medicines, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can relieve the pain to a large extent, though it will not eliminate the infection.
15. Hair Dryer
Moist heat is also an effective way to get rid of earaches. After a bath, dry your ears with a hair dryer. Don’t wipe your ears with a towel. Put the dryer at warm setting and hold it at a distance from the ear. Dry the moisture present in your ear with the dryer for not more than 5 minutes.
Take 4-5 tablespoons of salt and heat it in a pan until it becomes a bit brown in colour. Now, wrap it in a clean cloth. Press it over the infected ear for 2-5 minutes every day. Repeat it till the pain completely subsides.
17. Have Foods Rich in Vitamin C
Increase your intake of fruits that contain Vitamin C, such as oranges, lemons, and guavas.
18. Sleep in an Upright Position
This will avoid the build-up of pressure in the ear canal.
19. Sesame Oil
Heat sesame oil with the castor plant leaves. Then, strain it and let it cool. Insert 2-3 drops in the aching ear with the help of a dropper.
20. Chewing Gum
If the cause of the earache is pressure or high altitude, it can be cured by chewing gum.
Echinacea is also very effective in curing bad earaches.
22. Apple Cider Vinegar
Mix some apple cider vinegar with rubbing alcohol and put 2-3 drops of this solution into the infected ear. Let it remain for a few minutes. This remedy works well if repeated at least 2-3 times in a day.
23. Hydrogen Peroxide
This is one of the most common home remedies to treat ear pain, caused due to infections. Pour 2-3 drops of hydrogen peroxide into the infected ear. Let it sit for about 2 minutes, and then, drain it out.
24. Mango Leaves
Heat some mango leaves. Extract its juice and then, pour a few drops into the aching ear. Let it be for a night. It is really effective in treating ear aches.
Homeopathic Remedies for Earache
Homeopathic remedies are safer than over-the-counter tablets or eardrops to treat an earache. Therefore, you can try the following homeopathic remedies in order to get relief from ear pain.
This is suggested when the pain becomes really intolerable with one cheek turning red and hot and a feeling of fullness in the ear.
2. Aconitum napellus
This is usually taken when earache is accompanied by fever and dry cough. The ear becomes very sensitive to noise or music.
It is mostly given in the cases of fever, red face and a feeling of hotness on the skin, caused due to chronic ear pain.
4. Hepar sulphuris calcareum
This remedy is helpful at a later stage of earache, in cases of sharp pain, when the ear becomes really sensitive to touch and cold air with a thick discharge from ears or nose.
5. Mercurius solubilis
This remedy is used when earaches are accompanied by symptoms, like shooting pain, pus formation, swollen lymph nodes, bad breath, and sensitivity to extreme temperatures.
Apart from these are several other homeopathic remedies, like Kali bichromicum, Pulsatilla, Ferrum phosphoricum, and Silicea.
Note- It is recommended that only one dosage should be taken initially, and you should wait for its response. However, the frequency of the dose depends from person to person and the condition of the earache. Sometimes, only a single dose is enough in a day; at other times, it may be needed to take it several times a day. You should consult a doctor to know the severity of your earache and get information about proper dosage.
- To prevent ear infection, put mineral oil in both the ears before going for a swim.
- After bathing or swimming, dry your ears.
- Don’t insert foreign objects in the ears.
- Avoid active or passive smoking
- Avoid being in dust or pollen as these cause allergies.
- Avoid milk or cheese if you are allergic to it, as it may cause ear aches.
Tips for Caring for Children with Earaches
Children with earaches is something that you will need to learn as a parent. Children are very prone to getting ear infections and sadly so. When kids are sick or in pain, it can be hard to know what to do and how to comfort them. Here in this article you will learn all about what kinds of remedies to try to help them feel better, but how you will give care will be unique. They will likely not understand why they feel this way and want you to fix it with the drop of a hat because you are the caregiver who, in their eyes, has all the answers and solutions. Here, we will give you some tips as to how to properly care for a sick child.
Know When to Call a Doctor
This is an important one! Knowing when it is time to consult a healthcare provider may be one of the most important aspects of caring for a sick child. Children are vulnerable and small, still developing and more prone to have sickness that goes from 0-100. You will need to make sure to check up on possible developing fevers as well as make sure they remain hydrated and possibly laying on their side, if you are treating the pained ear with some drops.
Keep Them Hydrated
It can be very hard for kids to stay hydrated. When they don’t feel good, getting them to do anything at all is very hard. It might hurt to swallow if their ears hurt. And though it is difficult, this is one of the most important aspects of taking care of a sick child with any ailment. Some ways to make this easier is by putting the water in a cup they like, such as one with characters on it or a fun straw they prefer. You can also choose alternatives to water if it is proving too difficult to get them to drink it plain. Some of these are Gatorade, Vitamin Water, or one of the water infusers that come as powders you can stir into pain water to flavor it.
Get Them to Rest
Have you ever been so tired you are unable to sleep? Or even worse, so sick you find it hard to close your eyes and doze off? These issues are 100 times worse for children. There will likely be a lot of crying, whining, and big emotions when they do not feel good. You will need to try various techniques to get them to rest peacefully. Some of these can be reading bedtime stories, listening to books on audio with them to draw their attention away from the sickness and onto the story, hopefully causing them to doze off. Humming, singing, and listening to calming music, possibly even only instrumentals or lullabies, will do the trick if they are calm enough. Physical comfort such as hugging, holding, rubbing their forehead, and cuddling will help them to doze off. | <urn:uuid:be6651c4-4452-4bfa-999e-3fa0b32e077e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://homeremedyshop.com/24-best-home-remedies-to-treat-an-earache/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.943392 | 2,751 | 3.5 | 4 |
Ensuring The Inspections Will Catch the Defect Before A Functional Failure Occurs
Ever wonder how some organizations make their vibration or thermographic program work, and not only work but deliver huge results to their organization? They use a systematic approach to establishing the correct frequencies of inspection. Establishing the correct frequencies of maintenance activities is critical to the success of any maintenance program. Too infrequently and the organization is subjected to failures, resulting in poor operational performance. Too frequently, and the organization is subjected to excess planned downtime and an increased probability of maintenance induced failures.
This article will continue the discussion on establishing the correct frequency in a maintenance program. There are three different approached to use, based on the type of maintenance being performed;
- Time-Based Maintenance
- On-Condition Maintenance
- Failure Finding Maintenance
This article will focus on On-Condition Maintenance. While establishing the frequency for Fixed Time Maintenance activities is complex and is more of science, establishing the frequency for Condition Based Maintenance inspections (or On-Condition) is a mix of science and art.
Construct the P-F Curve & Establish the P-F Interval
The first step to determining the inspection frequency for on-condition tasks is to construct the P-F curve and P-F interval. Constructing a P-F curve requires recording the results of the inspection and plotting the result versus the elapsed time. If enough measurements are taken, a fairly consistent curve can be developed for each failure mode. Making sure that the data is gathered carefully and consistently will aid in increasing the quality of the P-F curve. Lets use an example from RCM2;
- The tread depth on a tire is directly related to the linear distance traveled. Based on the data collected, it is safe to say that for every 3000 miles the tire wears 1mm. So for a tire with 12mm tread when new, a potential failure point of 3 mm and a failure point of 2mm, the P-F interval is 3,000 miles.
Now this works quite well for linear P-F curves because it is predictable. So how do you construct a P-F curve for a non-linear failure mode? It is a bit more complex, and a bit more of art. Let’s use another example;
- A bearing will operate with minimal vibration under normal operations. As a defect materializes, the vibration will increase exponentially as the defect gets worse. While the P-F Interval will be the time (or operating cycles) from the point the defect can be detected (potential failure point) to the point it becomes a functional failure, its rate of deterioration will increase dramatically towards the end of its life. This can be quantified just as the tire in the above example, with the right data.
With P-F curve and P-F Interval (PFI) established, the frequency can be determined.
Select the Right Frequency for Inspection
Once the P-F Interval (PFI) is established, the inspection frequency can be determined. Thankfully it is not as complicated as establishing Fixed Time Maintenance frequencies. To determine the inspection frequency, the formula is either PFI/3 or PFI/5.
- Standard Inspection – the frequency of inspection for most equipment should be approximately 1/3 of the P-F interval (Formula = PFI/3). For example, a failure mode with a P-F interval of 3000 miles should be inspected every 1000 miles.
- Critical Equipment Inspection – the frequency of inspection for critical equipment should be approximately 1/5 of the P-F Interval (Formuala = PFI/5). For example, a failure mode on a critical piece of equipment with a P-F interval of 3000 miles should be inspected every 600 miles.
Now the above works well for linear P-F curves, so how do you establish the frequency for the non-linear curves? You use the same approach as above for the initial inspection frequency.
However, once a potential failure is detected, additional readings should be taken at progressively shorter intervals until a point is reached that a repair action must be taken. For example; the initial inspection frequency is every four weeks. Once a defect is detected, the next inspection will be at three weeks, then two weeks and then ever week.
This is only guidelines and should be adjusted based on the method used to track and trend data, the lead time of the repair parts (if not kept on site), and how quickly the data will be analyzed, and the repair work planned. If your planning process is poor, the frequency should be more frequent, to allow for a high chance of detection sooner.
How much thought was put into your Condition Based Maintenance inspection frequencies? Have you broken down each failure mode trended the data and established the frequency using a systematic approach? As with the Fixed Time Maintenance activities, you may be over or under inspecting, costing your organization reliability or money.
Remember, to find success; you must first solve the problem, then achieve the implementation of the solution, and finally sustain winning results.
I’m James Kovacevic
Where Education Meets Application | <urn:uuid:4ba6270a-320b-4d59-a72b-4bee8a7d6e2f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://hpreliability.com/establishing-the-frequency-of-on-condition-maintenance-inspections/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.912702 | 1,051 | 2.5625 | 3 |
In our summer work with teachers, many of whom are new to Investigations and/or are rethinking the way they teach mathematics, we get lots of questions. Some come up after reading about a structure like Math Workshop, or seeing a list of materials needed for Unit 1. Others arise after “visiting” a classroom – via a Dialogue Box or video of a classroom. For example:
- How did students learn to discuss math ideas, and listen to each other, like that?
- Pairs were working independently, all over the room, on different activities. How did they know what they needed and where to go?
While the questions often raise issues of logistics and management, they ultimately address a much larger topic; how does one develop and support a thriving math learning community?
Given it’s the start of a new year, we reached out to people who have experience with Investigations, and asked: How do you think about creating a math community? What’s critical, particularly at the beginning of the year?
What follows are their suggestions about establishing norms, setting up the classroom, and organizing math materials. (Part 2, to come September 10, will focus on Math Workshop, and whole-class discussions.)
“When the students work with each other as math partners we make a big deal about that in our math class. We talk about things like what makes for a good math partner and how important it is to really listen to what your partner is saying, to take turns, to help each other. They like the idea that they are a student and a teacher. They are a teacher for themselves and as a math partner they are a teacher for their partner. So if your partner doesn’t quite understand something, your job or responsibility is to try to be a teacher for them. And then some days your friend is going to be a teacher for you. So, the message is, in this classroom, we all work together and help each other.” – Kindergarten teacher
“At the beginning of the year, we establish classroom norms together on poster paper and keep them posted all year long. I refer to them often. Norms important in our room are listening to and thinking about other’s ideas, asking questions of the speaker when something isn’t clear, sharing your own ideas, trying another solution when one doesn’t work, checking solutions with a partner and discussing them when they are different.” – 3rd grade teacher
“Starting the year by establishing norms and expectation is vital to a well-run math class. By investing time right from the start, you are able to save much valuable time that can be spent actually thinking about math! In my 4th grade class, we start the year with a lot of mindset work.” – 4th grade teacher
Classroom Set Up
“I have tables in different areas of my room, labeled by color. We almost always begin math class on the rug. When we are all working on the same activity, kids choose where they work. Other times, the game or activity that a student chooses determines where they work. For example, if they start with the game of Compare, they go to the red or blue table. If they choose Grab and Count: Compare, they go to the orange or green table. I gather the materials for each activity ahead of time and organize them in bins. Kids pick up the materials for their activity as they leave the rug. Basic materials like pencils and scissors are in a bin on every table.” – Kindergarten Teacher
“I have my students in pods (groups of desks) of 4-5. This allows them to always have a partner for turn and talks and to work with on a problem. It’s also convenient for sharing manipulatives. There are also large tables and carpeted areas for kids to move to during games or if they just need a place to spread out.” – 3rd grade teacher
“Kindness and respect are a huge theme in my classroom, so I have several quotes about being kind around the room. I group my students in pods so that cooperative learning is easy. I also have a large gathering space at the front of the room so students can find their row spots for reading and math discussions, as well as circle spots for morning meeting.” – 5th grade teacher
Manipulatives & Math Materials
“I have my math materials, the manipulatives, arranged in bins and labeled, so I can access them pretty easily. And the curriculum lays out what’s needed really clearly, so I can just gather those materials.” – Kindergarten teacher
“I sort the pages from the kindergarten student books into file folders for each unit so that I have easy access within my lessons and will not be tearing pages during the school year.” – Kindergarten teacher
“For me, I normally look to see what materials I need the day before. I tend to put everything in containers so that we’re just grabbing and going as necessary. It saves a lot of time come work time.” — 1st grade teacher
“I have all my manipulatives (cubes, pattern blocks, tiles) in containers for easy passing out. They stack easily and they are on shelves in my classroom for easy access at any time. The beginning of 2nd grade has the children using a variety of manipulatives daily and then using them as they need. Investigations has kids choosing the materials that will help them with activities (choosing appropriate tools) so they need to be handy. I have lettered my decks of cards so that it is easier to return misplaced cards (and there are always misplaced cards!) and then all the cards are in their own container.” – 2nd grade teacher
“I make up small plastic bins for each child with the manipulatives that they will need often (protractor, power polygons, colored tiles, calculator, array cards, etc.). This helps save time passing our manipulatives, as each child can grab a bin as needed.” – 4th grade teacher
“Most of the math manipulatives in my classroom are stored in open tubs where any student can access them at any time. We become familiar with the math tools right away and students know that they are welcome to grab anything they need. Allowing students to choose their math tools instead of me telling them what they will need helps students with math practice five, ‘Use appropriate tools strategically.'” – 5th grade teacher
We are thankful to the teachers who contributed, and hope these varied ideas are helpful to readers, looking for solutions that work in their classroom.
- Developing Classroom Agreements in the Investigations 3 Classroom - October 25, 2021
- Meaningful Math Discussions: It’s about the Ideas, Not Where You Discuss Them - April 12, 2021
- Teaching Investigations 3 Remotely: Not So Different - February 22, 2021 | <urn:uuid:987c7072-876d-4f70-bb8b-51e875b51061> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://investigations.terc.edu/getting-started-part-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.964463 | 1,453 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Hi, I'm Lisa, Lead Content Writer at IoT Applications Hub covering technology trends and the IoT industry. I am a regular contributor to IoT blogs and papers and have been in the industry for 5 years. With a strong foundation in Applied Computing from the WIT Ireland, I love the...
Lets look at the most recent methods and tools for enhancing Water Distribution Optimization, water management, reducing leaks, and enhancing distribution networks. The Internet of Things (IoT) is changing the way we optimize water distribution networks in the world of smart water management.
Water management authorities may monitor, analyze, and operate water distribution networks with increased precision and efficiency by employing IoT technology.
In this article you’ll learn about:
- IoT enables real-time monitoring for efficient water management.
- Predictive analytics with IoT allows for proactive maintenance.
- Automated control systems optimize water distribution performance.
- IoT enhances leak detection and promotes water conservation.
- Data-driven decision-making improves system optimization in water management.
We will get into the interesting world of IoT Applications and its use in optimizing water distribution systems, providing insights and practical examples for anyone interested in the convergence of IoT and water management.
Table Of Contents
- Water Distribution Optimization Using IoT: A Game-Changing Solution
- Frequently Asked Questions
- How does IoT help in water distribution optimization?
- What are the benefits of using IoT in water management?
- Can IoT help in detecting and preventing water leaks?
- Does IoT enable remote control of water distribution systems?
- Are there any security concerns with IoT in water management?
- How scalable is IoT in water distribution optimization?
- Final Words…
Water Distribution Optimization Using IoT: A Game-Changing Solution
IoT technology has emerged as a game-changer in the field of water distribution optimization. By harnessing the power of connected devices and sensors, IoT enables real-time data collection, analysis, and decision-making, transforming traditional water distribution systems into intelligent networks capable of adapting to changing conditions. here are the key aspects and benefits of IoT in water distribution optimization.
1. Real-Time Monitoring for Efficient Water Management
IoT-based sensors and devices allow for continuous monitoring of various parameters crucial for water management. These sensors can monitor water quality, water flow rates, and pressure levels, and even detect leakages or equipment malfunctions.
By collecting real-time data, water management authorities can gain valuable insights into the system’s performance and make informed decisions to improve efficiency and address issues promptly.
2. Predictive Analytics for Proactive Maintenance
One of the remarkable advantages of IoT in water distribution optimization is its ability to enable predictive analytics.
By analyzing historical and real-time data, algorithms can identify patterns and trends, predict potential equipment failures, and schedule maintenance activities accordingly.
This proactive approach minimizes the risk of costly breakdowns, reduces downtime, and optimizes the lifespan of water distribution infrastructure.
3. Automated Control Systems for Optimal Performance
IoT facilitates the automation of control systems within water distribution networks. Smart valves, pumps, and other IoT-enabled devices can adjust water flow, pressure, and distribution based on real-time data and predefined rules.
These automated systems ensure optimal performance by dynamically adapting to changing demands and conditions, resulting in efficient water distribution and reduced energy consumption.
4. Enhanced Leak Detection and Water Conservation
Water leakage is a major issue in water distribution systems, resulting in waste and increased operational expenses. By delivering better leak detection capabilities, IoT plays a critical role in tackling this issue.
Authorities can discover leaks quickly by placing sensors throughout the distribution network, allowing for fast repairs and averting future water loss. This proactive strategy not only saves water, but it also saves money.
5. Data-Driven Decision-Making for System Optimization
Data generated by IoT devices gives useful insights, allowing water management authorities to make data-driven choices.
Stakeholders may optimize water distribution networks, identify areas for improvement, and distribute resources more effectively by evaluating trends, patterns, and performance indicators.
This data-driven decision-making method results in better water management, higher service quality, and more customer happiness.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does IoT help in water distribution optimization?
IoT technology enables real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, automated control systems, enhanced leak detection, and data-driven decision-making, all contributing to the optimization of water distribution systems.
What are the benefits of using IoT in water management?
Some benefits of IoT in water management include improved efficiency, proactive maintenance, water conservation, reduced operational costs, and optimized resource allocation.
Can IoT help in detecting and preventing water leaks?
Yes, IoT-based sensors can detect water leaks in real-time, allowing for timely repairs and preventing further water loss.
Does IoT enable remote control of water distribution systems?
Yes, IoT technology allows for remote control of water distribution systems. Through IoT-enabled devices and platforms, water management authorities can monitor and control various aspects of the system remotely, such as adjusting water flow, pressure, and distribution, optimizing performance without the need for physical intervention.
Are there any security concerns with IoT in water management?
While IoT offers numerous benefits, security is a crucial consideration. With the increased connectivity of devices and data, it’s important to implement robust security measures to safeguard against potential cyber threats.
Encryption, authentication protocols, and regular system updates are some of the measures taken to ensure the security of IoT-enabled water distribution systems.
How scalable is IoT in water distribution optimization?
IoT technology is highly scalable and adaptable to varying water distribution systems. Whether it’s a small-scale local network or a large-scale regional infrastructure, IoT solutions can be customized and deployed accordingly.
This scalability allows water management authorities to implement IoT optimization gradually or expand it as needed.
IoT is a disruptive force in the field of smart water management, allowing for the optimization of water distribution infrastructure.
IoT enables water management authorities to improve efficiency, decrease operating costs, preserve water, and deliver better service to customers through real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, automated control systems, enhanced leak detection, and data-driven decision-making.
As technology advances, the use of IoT in water distribution optimization will become more common, altering how we manage and distribute this valuable resource. | <urn:uuid:eaefc80f-c207-4e4f-8c9c-fb787aba7d47> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://iotapplicationshub.com/water-distribution-optimization/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.886776 | 1,326 | 2.625 | 3 |
Saeed Hosseini is a graduate of political philosophy and medical sciences. A decade ago, he…
Head of IRHTO
The practice and study of medicine in Persia has a long and prolific history.
From the period in which the Parthians lived in their first birthplace near Kharazm, Aryan physician Trita (Serita) was famous among them and had a notable reputation such as Aesculapius for the Greeks.
Ancient Iran has a remarkable record in surgery. An archaeological survey of the skulls leftover from the burnt city of Sistan reveals that skull surgery was performed some 4,800 years ago. Artificial eye was also found during the archaeological excavations. This development in medicine peaked in the days of Ibn Sina and Zakaria Razi.
Ibn Sina is one of the most famous Iranian philosophers and scholars which his masterpieces about Aristotelian philosophy and medicine have a worldwide reputation. He wrote the Book “Shafa” a comprehensive scientific and philosophical encyclopedia, and “Al-Qa’on al-Atb” as one of the most famous works in medical history.
With such knowledge, we can be sure that well-known and knowledgeable therapists will grow in this country.
Why Travel to Iran?
Iran has a great potential for tourism due to its well-known cultural and historical centers of ancient civilization and pristine climate.
Due to qualified physicians, scientific elites, advanced equipment and modern hospitals as well as various hot springs, deserts for sand therapy, salt mines for therapeutic salt, diverse vegetation are among some factors that justify investment in the health tourism industry.
Medical tourism is the most common and sensitive sub-category of health tourism. Treatment applicants are generally provided with appropriate medical care to treat illness or to undergo surgery or check-ups at good clinics and hospitals in the country with high medical facilities.
Medical tourism. Medical tourism is considered to be the most sensitive among all types of tourism because it is directly related to the life and health of applicants.
Besides the quality of medical services, Price is one of the key factors in the success of the medical tourism industry.
services and facilities at the most economical prices to international patients, which is a great opportunity for the Iranian health tourism industry. The quality of service and hospitalization and the expertise of the physician is another important factor.
Curative Tourism. A medical trip to the natural and refreshing areas under the supervision of a physician is called Curative Tourism.
Natural resources and services include hot springs, Salt Lake, sunshine, sludge, medical massage, herbal baths as well as beautiful, clean and quiet environment to improve skin, respiratory, rheumatologic, muscular or recovering patients which can be presented after surgery as well.
The Iran Health Tourism Organizer (IRHTO)’s mission in the industry is providing a series of services in health tourism supply chain:
We have partnered with top medical teams, hospitals and clinics nationwide under the category of Medical Tourism, which consists of two sections: Treatment and Cosmetics.
In the field of Curative Tourism, IRHTO is a partner of the most up-to-date salt treatment centers using the best natural salts in Iran’s mines and well-equipped water treatment centers and spas.
Below the Wellness Tourism branch, IRHTO works with specialized and equipped health villages in several cities in Iran to provide a pleasant environment.
We have also made arrangements for all travel necessities for patients and their companions such as:
Travel insurance. Entrance travel insurance is issued to all patients, companions and travellers under the supervision of Saman Insurance Company before entering Iran.
Bank card. It is possible to buy and pay at health centers, accommodation, shopping etc. in the name of the tourist.
Travellers and patients will not have to worry about payments or inaccessibility of currency exchange centers, and they will also monitor their banking transactions.
Legal protection. IRHTO has been able to find a solution to potential legal challenges. We use reputable law firms. The patient under our contract can submit all documentation of possible physician error to this organization. The opinion of these legal entities is acceptable as a judgment.
Despite the high level of service provision and expert doctors and names due to the depreciation of the Rial, the cost of medical services in Iran is very low compared to other countries in the region, which is a special privilege for tourists travelling to Iran. Tourism is a transcontinental, transnational, and transnational industrial health that links global village members to improve the health of all individuals and sections of the global community. | <urn:uuid:e3469bcd-e3a6-4635-809d-9da6bfb3c9c9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://irhto.com/an-umbrella-for-all-health-tourist-needs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.953265 | 944 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Analysis Reveals Dynamic Volcanism on Venus
16:26 JST, March 30, 2023
WASHINGTON (Reuters) — A fresh analysis of radar images obtained more than three decades ago has yielded new evidence indicating Venus, Earth’s planetary next-door neighbor, is currently volcanically active — a dynamic world with eruptions and lava flows.
Researchers said on March 15 radar images taken by NASA’s Magellan spacecraft showed that a volcanic vent about 1.6 kilometers wide on the Venusian surface expanded and changed shape over an eight-month span in 1991. The vent is situated on Maat Mons, which at about 9 kilometers tall is the planet’s highest volcano and second-highest mountain.
A February 1991 image showed the vent as a circular formation covering about 2.6 square kilometers. An October 1991 image showed the vent with an irregular shape covering about 3.9 square kilometers.
“What we definitively can demonstrate is that a volcanic vent got larger and looks to have gone from conical and hundreds of meters deep in its interior to a flat, nearly filled interior,” said Robert Herrick, a University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute research professor and lead author of the study published in the journal Science.
“Our interpretation is that there is a new influx of magma into a chamber underneath the vent, and that results in formation of a broader, irregular caldera [a large depression created when a volcano erupts and collapses] that still has an active lava lake in it when the second image is taken,” Herrick said.
The vent is located on the north side of a larger volcanic structure just off the main summit of Maat Mons.
“Although it is possible the vent collapse was not associated with active volcanism, on Earth this large a collapse is usually associated with some sort of magmatic movement, and hence we think it likely to be the case here,” said study coauthor Scott Hensley, a senior research scientist specializing in radar remote sensing at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California.
Venus is covered with craters, volcanoes, mountains and lava plains. Magellan imaged portions of Venus up to three times spanning 24 months from 1990 to 1992. Advances in computing capability have made analyzing this data easier in recent years.
The new findings suggest there are eruptions on Venus about every few months, similar to some Earth volcanoes in places like Hawaii, the Canary Islands and Iceland, Herrick said.
This is the latest evidence that Venus, lacking the plate tectonics that gradually reshape Earth’s surface, is not the geologically dormant world some scientists had once considered it. Another study published in 2020 identified 37 volcanic structures apparently active in the past 2 million to 3 million years.
Venus, with a diameter of about 12,000 kilometers, is slightly smaller than Earth. Its thick atmosphere — mainly carbon dioxide — traps in heat in a runaway greenhouse effect, rendering Venus the solar system’s hottest planet.
In our solar system, Earth resides comfortably within the “habitable zone” around the sun — the distance considered not too close and not too far from a star to be able to host life, with Venus near the inner boundary and Mars close to the outer edge.
“As we continue to discover new solar systems around other stars, understanding how Venus and Earth came to end up so different now is important to understanding what the conditions are for making a planet habitable,” Herrick said.
“For instance, there are a lot of scientists who think Venus might have been habitable for a large fraction of its history, which would mean that the concept of a ‘habitable zone’ of a fixed distance around a star is an outdated concept. Maybe the distance is just one contributing factor and there is a bunch of other factors equally important,” Herrick added.
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- Bears Sighted in Tokyo Suburbs, Including near Mt. Takao (Update 1) | <urn:uuid:f93e702a-0c5c-4f03-8e16-d0cbefa4b72d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/science-nature/science/20230330-100544/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.927322 | 1,009 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Commercial airliners are designed to fly after losing a single engine. The airplane manufacturers are required to show the performance of their airplanes after losing an engine and they have to be able to fly, fully loaded, for three hours on only one engine (for twin engine aircraft). In order to fly over open water and in remote areas without airports close by the plane must maintain a history having 1 hour or less or engine failure per 100,000 hours of flying time. So, while having an engine fail is not unprecedented it is not a common occurrence.
What happens when a plane loses power to all its engines? Believe it or not, commercial airplanes have the ability to glide . A fully loaded 747 has a glide ratio of 15:1 meaning that it travels 15 feet horizontal for every foot of vertical drop. That means at 35,000 feet it could travel about 100 miles. The new 787 Dreamliner is around 20:1. As a comparison, a Cessna 172 (little single engine plane) has a glide ratio of 9:1 – not as good as airliners. The glide ratio is mainly dependent on aerodynamics, not size.
Example – on August 24, 2001 Air Transat Flight 236 ran out of fuel over the Atlantic Ocean with 306 people on board. The plane was an Airbus A330 and its engines flamed out due to a fuel leakage issue. When the engines flamed out, important systems became unavailable – the aircraft lost its main hydraulic power which operates the flaps, brakes, and spoilers. Additionally, an aircraft without operating engines cannot use its thrust reversers to slow the plane after touchdown. The pilots of the Airbus A330 were able to glide the aircraft to a landing at Lajes Air Base, Terceira Island in the Azores. They were able to glide for 20 minutes and 115 miles to the airport. The reported landing speed was about 200 knots indicated airspeed, higher than the normal speed of 130 to 145. There were no fatalities, but there were minor injuries.
Another example: Air Canada Flight 143. On July 22, 1983 at 41,000 feet flight 143, a Boeing 767, ran out of fuel. Without power the plane lost almost all of its navigation and instrument systems. The pilot used to be in the Royal Canadian Air Force and knew of an airbase not too far away. Little did he know that the runways were being used for a “family day” and were filled with classic cars. The 767 was able to glide to the airbase and land. The front landing gear did not lock so it skidded along its belly which actually helped it stop. The plane came in so low over a golf course that one of the passengers remarked: “Christ. I can almost see what clubs they’re using”. The aircraft came to rest only a few hundred feet from the people gathered at the end of the runway for Family Day. None of the 61 passengers suffered more than minor injuries. It was calculated that during the glide the 767 had a glide ratio of 12:1 – meaning that it moved 12 feet forward horizontally for every 1 foot of vertical drop. So, at 40,000 feet this would translate into being able to glide for approximately 90 miles. Coincidentally, the mechanics sent from Winnipeg Airport in a van ran out of fuel on their way to the airbase and found themselves stranded. Another van was sent to pick them up.
A famous example is the US Airways flight that Captain Sullenberger landed on the Hudson after losing both engines due to geese striking the engine. There are other examples.
A few years ago I sat next to a Southwest pilot on a flight. I asked him what the chances were that he’d be able to glide and land a 737 from 35,000 feet that had lost both engines. He said he thought 95% chance that he’d be able to safely land – that they train in simulators for such events. | <urn:uuid:67233b2b-795c-4daa-97cd-d11f18941204> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://johnmjennings.com/can-airliners-glide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.978505 | 811 | 3.234375 | 3 |
It’s a jungle out there! We venture out in the warm weather to enjoy the park, the shore or upstate, only to be attack by venomous stinging insects, biting insects and poisonous plants. I’m talking only New York! Adrian Monk, the germ phobic, obsessive-compulsive, TV, private detective was right!
No one cares for the painful, itchy sting of a bee or hornet. Those are the lucky ones. It’s not only bees, actually hornets, yellow jackets and wasps are more aggressive and are responsible for most stings. Their hives are found around houses, in trees and nests in the ground. They are often inadvertently stepped on. Yellow jackets crash our picnics and swarm around our trash. Honeybees are aggressive only when protecting the hive. In the southern states, fire ants create similar symptoms when disturbed. A sting not only can produce a painful local reaction but rather it can produce a systemic reaction resulting in hives, swelling of the throat, difficulty breathing, dizziness and ultimately anaphylactic shock. People die from “ bee “ stings every year. “Bee” stings can become a medical emergency requiring a 911 call, an immediate dose of Epinephrine, oxygen, and a trip to the ER. Relying only on oral antihistamines immediate treatment is dangerous. Follow up with an allergy specialist for severe reaction is important for testing and treatment. Venom immunotherapy is ninety percent effective in preventing further anaphylactic reactions.
Nothing can ruin an outdoor evening event like those pesky mosquitoes. Fortunately although swelling and itching can be severe, dangerous reactions are very rare. Occasional reports of malaria or dengue fever and equine encephalitis transmitted by mosquitoes have been reported. Green sand flies and black horse flies give painful bites but have no reported serious side effects.
These plants cause skin reactions on sensitive people that is delayed for 24-48 hours. The rash will appear as a red swollen area followed by water blisters and intense itchiness that may lasts over a week. Oleoresin is the allergen in the sap that causes the reaction. This is found in poison ivy, poison oak, pistachio, poison sumac, mango, cashew, and Brazilian pepper. Other plants may produce an irritant effect but not true allergic reactions.
Post –exposure is treated with oral and topical corticosteroids. Avoidance, wearing gloves, long sleeves shirts and barrier creams while clearing brush is very effective. Secondary contact to a pet exposed to poison ivy may spread rash.
Dr. Peter Gontzes, is board certified in Allergy & Immunology and has 31 years experience. He is a resident of Middle Village and a member of the Juniper Park Civic Association.
Peter Gontzes MD
92-31 57th Ave
Elmhurst, NY 11373 | <urn:uuid:468334c5-c0b4-47a7-abd9-697523ed3741> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://junipercivic.com/juniper-berry/article/summer-allergy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.928167 | 600 | 2.828125 | 3 |
b. What is a reason why international flow of financial capital is detrimental to the world
economy and welfare? WHY?
1. What is the effect of Capital outflows on national income?
b. The international flow of financial capital is not permanent in nature. It is hot money in which main aim is maximization of returns of the investor. As the real interest rate in the economy increases, the inflow of financial capital takes place. But as sson as the real interest rate declines,these investors are the first one to leave the country. This impacts the economy negatively as there occurs deficit in capital account due to net capital outflow from the economy. This also makes economy's growth rate to decline. Thus, international flow of financial capital is detrimental to the world economy and welfare.
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Most questions answered within 1 hours. | <urn:uuid:68c34162-35cc-4e81-9ffd-a11320c42ce5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://justaaa.com/economics/79233-b-what-is-a-reason-why-international-flow-of | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.940172 | 174 | 3.03125 | 3 |
05:00 pm - 07:00 pm
GUEST SPEAKER: Heidi Hammel, Vice President for Science, The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA)
VIRTUAL ASTRONOMY TALK: During the late 1980s, our understanding of the local ice giants – Uranus and Neptune – was revolutionized by detailed images taken by the Voyager spacecraft. However, those images were static: brief snapshots in time of complex and dynamic systems. Recently, our knowledge of these giant planets has undergone striking new advances. In this talk, Dr. Hammel will bring you up to date on these planets, discussing her results from the Hubble Space Telescope program, imaging from Keck Observatory’s telescopes, and other observations. She will also discuss her team’s plans to use the just-launched James Webb Space Telescope for ice giant studies.
FREE & OPEN TO THE PUBLIC
Thursday, February 17, 2022
Talk starts at 5:00 p.m. Hawaii Standard Time
Join by zoom at https://bit.ly/Keck-Hammel
This talk will also be streamed live on our Facebook Page | <urn:uuid:b7e25745-0a11-4c85-b036-24846a106a56> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://keckobservatory.org/hammel-talk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.928809 | 238 | 2.890625 | 3 |
During the early days of the United States, lotteries were a popular way to raise money for various public projects. The money raised was used to finance town fortifications, bridges, roads, colleges, libraries and more. Lotteries were often organized so that a portion of the proceeds would be donated to a variety of good causes.
The word lottery comes from the Dutch word “lot,” meaning “fate.” Lotteries have been around for centuries, but the first known European lotteries were held during the Roman Empire. The Chinese Book of Songs mentions a game of chance as “drawing of wood” or “drawing of lots.” In some cases, lotteries were tolerated or encouraged. In other cases, they were outlawed.
The first state-sponsored lotteries in Europe were held in the cities of Flanders in the first half of the 15th century. In the 17th century, lotteries were also used to raise funds for public projects. Lotteries were used to raise money for colleges, bridges, libraries, and roads in the Netherlands and the United States. Lotteries were also used in the colonies during the French and Indian Wars. In 1758, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts raised money for its “Expedition against Canada” with a lottery.
In the United States, lotteries are generally run by state or local https://www.blackcantabs.org/ governments. The winners are given an annuity payment or a one-time payment. The winnings are not usually paid in a lump sum, so they are subject to state and local taxes.
Most lotteries take 24 percent of the proceeds to pay federal taxes. The federal tax bracket is 37 percent, so winnings in millions of dollars would be subject to that tax bracket. However, withholdings vary by jurisdiction and investment. When calculating the value of a lottery ticket, expected utility maximization models can be used to estimate the value of the prize. In many cases, the monetary loss can be outweighed by the combined expected utility of monetary and non-monetary gain.
The first English state lottery was organized in 1694. Lotteries were also used by the Virginia Company of London to support the settlement of America at Jamestown. King James I authorized lotteries in the United Kingdom in 1612. In 1724, the English government announced the final lottery, which was called the Loterie Royale. Tickets for this lottery were incredibly expensive and were a big fiasco. Contemporary commentators ridiculed the lottery, stating that it was a waste of money.
A number of states have organized state lotteries to raise money for public projects. In addition, some governments organize national lotteries. These lotteries have been criticized as addictive and unproductive.
The oldest lottery still in operation is the Staatsloterij, which was established in 1726. In 1755, the Academy Lottery financed the University of Pennsylvania. A similar lottery was used to finance Princeton and Columbia Universities.
Financial lotteries are also popular. The New York Lottery buys special U.S. Treasury bonds. Lottery slips from the Chinese Han Dynasty are believed to have helped finance major government projects. | <urn:uuid:cf91b0dd-59da-49f3-a404-2f5a960b2e4e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://kingcobrasanctuary.com/index.php/2022/12/03/the-history-of-the-lottery-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.980711 | 672 | 3.3125 | 3 |
The High Court of Zimbabwe ruled that the controversial one was one conversion of the 2019 constitution. The country went into chaos after the Reserve Bank converted all bank balances across all banks and financial interiors from USD dollars to Zimbabwean RTGS dollars. Many people went to the streets protesting such a policy, but the efforts did not yield a result. The policy continued and the balances got all converted.
Many pensioners and general Zimbabweans lost their savings as the black market exchange rate between the USD and the Zim dollar continued to rise. It seemed that this was the end for many people but recent challenges at the High Court have brought hope to many people as the policy is ruled unconstitutional.
The deteriorating of the Zimbabwean dollar since independence
The Zimbabwean dollar has significantly changed since the country gained independence in 1980. At the time of independence, the Zimbabwean dollar was worth roughly equal to the US dollar. Still, over the years, the currency has experienced hyperinflation, leading to a rapid decline in value.
Several factors contributed to the deterioration of the Zimbabwean dollar. One major factor was the government’s policy of printing more money to finance government expenditures without corresponding increases in the production of goods and services. This led to a rise in the supply of money, but not an equivalent increase in the collection of goods, which caused inflation.
Another factor was political instability and government mismanagement, which led to a lack of investor confidence in the Zimbabwean economy. This lack of confidence led to a decrease in foreign investment and a reduction in the supply of foreign currency, which put further pressure on the Zimbabwean dollar.
Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe peaked in 2008, with the annual inflation rate estimated to be around 500 billion per cent. This led to a situation where the Zimbabwean dollar became almost worthless, and the government was forced to abandon the currency and adopt a multi-currency system, where foreign currencies like the US dollar and South African rand were used for everyday transactions.
In 2019 the Gvt of Zimbabwe caused chaos & severe economic loss to millions of Zimbabweans when it demonitised the US$ & introduced the valueless Zim$.We are pleased to announce that the High Court has declared unconstitutional the appropriation of US$ savings in our own case pic.twitter.com/kIfjqM49cg
— Tendai Biti Law (@BitiLawChambers) February 17, 2023 | <urn:uuid:16a0d008-76df-4c5f-ac86-e2361a70b95f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://latestzimnews.com/2023/02/17/breaking-news-high-court-rules-1-as-to-1-conversion-of-us-dollar-to-zim-dollar-unconstitutional/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.95691 | 490 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Summary: Researchers spotlight the thalamus, typically regarded merely as a relay station, as a pivotal entity in adult brain plasticity.
Contrasting prior beliefs focusing largely on the cortex, the thalamus demonstrates a significant role in adapting sensory and motor information, as illuminated through mouse models in vision studies.
While visual input does journey from the retina to the visual cortex via the thalamus, this study accentuates that the thalamus isn’t merely a passive conduit but an active participant in adaptive processes.
Insights garnered could pave the way for innovative therapeutic approaches in treating conditions like lazy eye, shifting focus from the cortex to also encompass the thalamus.
- Critical Component: The removal of the GABA-alpha 1 subunit in the thalamus during mice’s critical vision development period significantly altered traditional visual cortex response, underscoring the thalamus’s role in neural plasticity.
- Adaptability Insights: Experiments demonstrated that plasticity occurred in the adult thalamus and was pivotal for alterations in the cortex, revealing its influential presence beyond mere sensory relay.
- Potential Therapeutic Applications: The findings suggest that issues traditionally attributed to the cortex, such as lazy eye, may also involve the thalamus, providing a new potential therapeutic focus.
It is generally believed that the adaptability of the adult brain mainly takes place in the cortex. However, a new study from the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience shows that the thalamus, a relay station for incoming motor and sensory information, plays an unexpectedly important role in this process.
“This could be an interesting starting point for various therapies,” says Christiaan Levelt.
Learning new things requires a tremendous capacity of our brains. The adaptation of our brain as a result of new experiences is called plasticity. There are periods during our development when neural networks show a lot of plasticity, known as critical periods. But also the adult brain is capable of adapting. Where this plasticity takes place in adult brain is not well understood.
To gain more insight into this question, Yi Qin and his colleagues, under the supervision of Christiaan Levelt, examined the visual system of mice. This is a popular model for studying plasticity due to its ease of manipulation. Visual information reaches the thalamus through the retina. This brain nucleus then transmits processed information to the visual cortex and vice versa. An experiment in mice can clearly demonstrate how well the adult brain is able to adapt.
“When one eye of the mouse is occluded for several days, the visual cortex starts to respond less effectively to the closed eye and better to the open eye. How this is precisely regulated has been unclear for a long time. But these new results bring an important player to the forefront: the thalamus.
Christiaan Levelt: “Five years ago, we discovered that the thalamus plays a crucial role in the plasticity of the visual cortex during critical periods of development. This has changed our perspective on how this whole system works.
“We all thought that this process was regulated by the visual cortex, but it turned out not to be the whole story. We found out by removing a very specific component, the GABA-alpha 1 subunit, in the thalamus of mice during their critical period for vision. This component is responsible for inhibiting the thalamus, so its removal resulted in reduced inhibition.
“When we closed one eye in these mice, the shift in responses no longer occurred. Because the adult brain uses different plasticity mechanisms than the developing brain, an important question was whether adaptation in the adult visual system also involved the thalamus”.
Yi Qin: “In the current study, we performed the same experiment in adult mice and observed similar results. We observed that plasticity also took place in the adult thalamus, but disappeared when we removed the alpha-1 subunit. Consequently, there was no longer a shift in the cortex either.
“Since we know that the visual cortex also sends information back to the thalamus through a feedback mechanism, we were curious if the visual cortex also plays a role in plasticity of the thalamus.
“We investigated this by reversing the experiment and shutting down the visual cortex. What happens to the shift in responses in the thalamus then? In adult animals, we did not see any difference: the shift persisted.
“However, in animals during their critical period, we observed that when we shut down the visual cortex, the shift reverted back in the thalamus. So, at a young age, plasticity in the thalamus and cortex influence each other much more, while in the adult brain, the thalamus is particularly important for plasticity in the cortex but not the other way around.”
Involved in many processes
Levelt continues: “Plasticity is important in many processes. We are currently focusing on sensory plasticity (vision), but plasticity is also fundamental for memory and other functions. These new insights could be relevant, for example, in understanding learning disabilities.
“It is possible that the origin of these problems lies in the thalamus rather than the cortex. Therefore, a different approach is needed. Instead of solely looking at the cortex, we should also consider the thalamus when it comes to therapies and the pathogenesis of these issues. This is an important new interpretation.”
Qin: “Even in the case of lazy eye, it is assumed to be a problem of the cortex, but it could also involve the thalamus. In Europe, we test for the presence of lazy eye from a young age. This condition can be corrected during the critical period by temporarily patching the ‘good eye,’ which strengthens the connections to the weaker eye.
“In the US, for example, this is not routinely checked at a young age, resulting in more people carrying a lazy eye into adulthood. Since the critical period has already passed for them, it becomes more challenging to treat these individuals. Our study provides a hint that we need to look beyond the cortex, which can provide guidance for a new treatment strategy.”
About this neuroplasticity research news
Original Research: Open access.
“Thalamic regulation of ocular dominance plasticity in adult visual cortex” by Christiaan Levelt et al. eLife
Thalamic regulation of ocular dominance plasticity in adult visual cortex
Experience-dependent plasticity in the adult visual system is generally thought of as a cortical process.
However, several recent studies have shown that perceptual learning or monocular deprivation can also induce plasticity in the adult dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus. How plasticity in the thalamus and cortex interact in the adult visual system is ill understood.
To assess the influence of thalamic plasticity on plasticity in primary visual cortex (V1), we made use of our previous finding that during the critical period, ocular dominance (OD) plasticity occurs in dLGN and requires thalamic synaptic inhibition.
Using multielectrode recordings we find that this is also true in adult mice, and that in the absence of thalamic inhibition and plasticity, OD plasticity in adult V1 is absent.
To study the influence of V1 on thalamic plasticity we silenced V1 and show that during the critical period, but not in adulthood, the OD shift in dLGN is partially caused by feedback from V1. We conclude that during adulthood, the thalamus plays an unexpectedly dominant role in experience-dependent plasticity in V1.
Our findings highlight the importance of considering the thalamus as a potential source of plasticity in learning events that are typically thought of as cortical processes. | <urn:uuid:48ff9c05-ea5a-4679-a345-e5a1d29e5955> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://leisurenewshubb.com/2023/10/09/thalamus-plays-a-pivotal-role-in-adult-brain-plasticity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.937006 | 1,628 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Database of reviews, abstracts, and bibliographic information of the mathematical sciences literature. Most of them are classified according to the Mathematics Subject Classification. Created by the American Mathematical Society. Coverage from 1960-present.
Provides access to Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) journals, transactions, letters, magazines and conference proceedings, IET journals and conference proceedings, IEEE Standards and IEEE educational courses. Full-text from 2005-present.
The world's most valuable and comprehensive scholarly, multi-disciplinary database. Indexes newspapers, magazines, and scholarly journals in all disciplines. Contains a significant amount of full-text. Content available from 1915-present.
CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics by Eric W. WeissteinThe CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics is a compendium of mathematical definitions, formulas, figures, tabulations, and references. Its informal style makes it accessible to a broad spectrum of readers with a diverse range of mathematical backgrounds and interests. This fascinating, useful book draws connections to other areas of mathematics and science and demonstrates its actual implementation - providing a highly readable, distinctive text diverging from the all-too-frequent specialized jargon and dry, formal exposition. Through its thousands of explicit examples, formulas, and derivations, The CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics gives the reader a flavor of the subject without getting lost in minutiae - stimulating his or her thirst for additional information and exploration. This book serves as handbook, dictionary, and encyclopedia - extensively cross-linked and cross-referenced, not only to other related entries, but also to resources on the Internet. Standard mathematical references, combined with a few popular ones, are also given at the end of most entries, providing a resource for more reading and exploration.
Call Number: QA5 W45 1999
Publication Date: 1998-11-25
The Words of Mathematics by Steven SchwartzmanThe Words of Mathematics explains the origins of over 1500 mathematical terms used in English. While other dictionaries of mathematics define technical terms, this book concentrates on where those terms came from and what their literal meanings are. The words included here range from simple to advanced. This dictionary is easy to use. Although some of the entries are highly technical, the book explains them in plain English. The introduction gives an overview of how the ancient language known as Indo-European developed into Latin, Greek, French and English, the languages from which most of our mathematical vocabulary has been derived. Another section discusses the many ways in which mathematicians have borrowed and created their specialized vocabulary over the centuries. A glossary explains historical and linguistic terms used throughout the book.
Call Number: QA5 S375 1994
Publication Date: 1996-09-05
Essentials of Mathematics by Margie HaleEssentials of Mathematics is designed as both a textbook and outside reading for college students who want to prepare themselves for mathematics courses beyond the first-year level. The mathematical content includes logic, set theory and a theoretical development of the number systems, giving students practice at proving mathematical statements. There are no answers in the book, but a separate manual provides instructor support. The book makes an excellent reference for students beginning to take courses in which proofs play a major role. In addition to the course material, there are narratives on the nature of mathematics and the mathematics profession. These sections can be read without help or guidance.
Call Number: QA39.3. .H34 2003
Publication Date: 2003-12-01
Mathematics: a very short introduction by Timothy GowersThis book aims to explain, in clear non-technical language,what it is that mathematicians do, and how that differs from and builds on the mathematics that most people are familiar with from school. It is the ideal introduction for anyone who wishes to deepen their understanding of mathematics.
Call Number: QA93 .G69 2002
Publication Date: 2002-11-28
To Infinity and Beyond by Eli MaorThe infinite! No other question has ever moved so profoundly the spirit of man; no other idea has so fruitfully stimulated his intellect; yet no other concept stands in greater need of clarification than that of the infinite. . . - David Hilbert (1862-1943) Infinity is a fathomless gulf, There is a story attributed to David Hilbert, the preeminent mathe into which all things matician whose quotation appears above. A man walked into a vanish. hotel late one night and asked for a room. "Sorry, we don't have o Marcus Aurelius (121- 180), Roman Emperor any more vacancies," replied the owner, "but let's see, perhaps and philosopher I can find you a room after alL" Leaving his desk, the owner reluctantly awakened his guests and asked them to change their rooms: the occupant of room #1 would move to room #2, the occupant of room #2 would move to room #3, and so on until each occupant had moved one room over. To the utter astonish ment of our latecomer, room #1 suddenly became vacated, and he happily moved in and settled down for the night. But a numbing thought kept him from sleep: How could it be that by merely moving the occupants from one room to another, the first room had become vacated? (Remember, all of the rooms were occupied when he arrived. | <urn:uuid:25107bc5-98c9-429b-a67a-cf3940a656dc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://lib.murraystate.edu/Math | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.92939 | 1,096 | 2.75 | 3 |
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Welche Faktoren es vorm Kauf Ihres Mnozil brass william tell overture zu beachten gibt! Product details Product Dimensions : 5.5 x 5.5 x 0.25 inches; 2.5 Ounces The section ends with the flute playing alone. The "William Tell Overture" was written as the orchestral introduction to Gioachino Rossini's opera William Tell (Guillaume Tell in its original French).Although the opera is no longer regularly performed, the overture has become a part of popular culture, having been used in Mickey Mouse and Looney Tunes cartoons, and as the theme to The Lone Ranger radio and television series since 1933. Directions for dancing country dances Book. There are also transcriptions by other composers, including versions by Louis Gottschalk for two and four pianos and a duet for piano and violin.. William Tell Overture (Finale) noten. Indiana public address announcer Chuck Crabb said the tradition began in about 1979 or 1980. The segment lasts for about three minutes. Contributor: Arthur Pryor's Band - Rossini, Gioacchino Date: 1906-03-28 Size 10.0 Source 78 , Described by David Wondrich as a "frequent target of plunder by brass bands in the years during which they dominated the American musical landscape", the overture features prominently in Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse cartoon The Band Concert. The storm breaks out in full with the entrance of the French horns, trumpets, trombones, and bass drum. Das Pariser Publikum feierte ihn in jenen Jahren vor allem für "Le Comte Ory" (1828) und "Guillaume Tell" (1829), die beiden letzten Opern Rossinis. Songs include William Tell Overture, The Nutcracker, Jingle Bells and many more. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress Magnetic Recording Laboratory, 1982. Corrections? 1829 The volume and number of instruments gradually decreases as the storm subsides. Helpful. Selections; arranged Arthur Pryor's Band, performing. For many Americans, the work is irrevocably remembered for its exciting final three minutes, By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. comment. It is particularly familiar through its use in the American radio and television shows of The Lone Ranger. Overture pastorale from Wilhelm Tell - Piano (English Edition) Susis Bar Piano Band 1 inkl. 29b), published and premiered a matter of months after the Paris premiere of the original, and by Dmitri Shostakovich in the first movement of his Symphony No. | Vol. This is a listing of all the animated shorts released by Warner Bros. under the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies banners between 1970 and today, plus a listing of feature films, television programs, television specials, and various other animated shorts and productions distributed and/or produced by WB.. A total of 39 regular shorts have been released since 1970. Ranz des Vaches begins at 5:14 and finale at 7:30. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Famous Pizza Roll Commercial – from the 1960s!! I've always loved the William Tell Overture, but Hans Zimmer takes it to a new level. 1 sound tape reel : analog, 15 ips, double track, mono. 1829-08-03 in Paris, Opéra François Antoine Habeneck (conductor) First Pub lication. "I love to hear a minstrel band: Walt Disney's, Meyers-Levy, Joan (1993). Contributor: Arthur Pryor's Band - Rossini, Gioacchino Date: 1909-05-04 William Tell Overture is the fourth song by an artist of Italian descent, after Satisfaction, Cercavo Amore, and Alfonso Signorini (… for organ, Lemare, Type: Overture, Lyrics Languages: [No lyrics], Writers: Gioachino Rossini, Edwin Lemare, ISWCs: Overture pastorale from Wilhelm Tell - Piano (English Edition) Susis Bar Piano Band 1 inkl. Performed by Banda Rossa (musical group). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. With Frank Welker. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... William Tell shooting at the apple, woodcut from. The opening phrase of the Finale was used in The Princess Diaries when Security Chief Joe rescued Mia Thermopolis after her Mustang stalled out in a driving rainstorm. William Tell premiered in 1829 and was the last of Rossini's 39 operas, after which he went into semi-retirement (he continued to compose cantatas, sacred music and secular vocal music). The overture is in four parts, each following without pause. This page lists all recordings of Guillaume Tell Overture (William Tell) by Gioacchino Antonio Rossini (1792-1868). The overture premiered in Paris on August 3, 1829, and was the introductory minutes of the composer’s last opera, Guilllaume Tell (William Tell). Selbstverständlich ist jeder Mnozil brass william tell overture direkt auf Amazon.de im Lager verfügbar und somit sofort bestellbar. The overture, with its famous finale, "March Of The Swiss Soldiers," is a major part of the concert and recording repertoire. The prelude is a slow passage in E major, scored for five solo cellos accompanied by double basses. Bugs Bunny's Overtures to Disaster in which the overture's finale is performed by Daffy Duck and Porky Pig) or Westerns (e.g. About 'William Tell Overture' Artist: Rossini, Giacchino (sheet music)Born: 1792 , Pesaro Died: 1868 , Paris The Artist: Italian opera composer, whose work includes the comic masterpiece The barber of Seville.After intensive work on the opera William Tell, he spent the last 40 years of his life composing almost nothing, possibly in part due to ill health. Von Gioacchino Rossini und Gioachino Rossini. Size 12.0 Source 78 User_cleaned Ed Nuestro User_metadataentered Bai Konte Johnson User_transferred Bai Konte Johnson Amps up the energy several notches. Wilhelm tell overture piano - Nehmen Sie dem Testsieger der Redaktion. Omissions? Swampy the Fox escapes a circus train and comes back to the swamp to locate a treasure. Stan Freberg created a famous commercial for Jeno's Pizza Rolls built around the association of the Finale in the public mind with the Lone Ranger. The historical existence of Tell is disputed. Ouverture. Two different parts were also used as theme music for the British television series The Adventures of William Tell, the fourth part (popularly identified in the US with The Lone Ranger) in the UK, and the third part, rearranged as a stirring march, in the US. Throughout the long nineteenth century, and into the World War II period, Tell was perceived as a symbol of rebellion against tyranny both in Switzerland and in Europe. Audio of this recording from the UCSB Library. William Tell, German Wilhelm Tell, Swiss legendary hero who symbolized the struggle for political and individual freedom. 1829-08-03 in Paris, Opéra François Antoine Habeneck (conductor) First Pub lication. It begins with the violins and violas. Acoustic recording. 11 x 20 cm. The 2-piece set includes a wireless receiver that you can place anywhere inside your home, a doorbell with a light so it's easily seen at night. The classic form of the legend appears in the Chronicon Helveticum (1734–36), by Gilg Tschudi, which gives November 1307 as the date of Tell’s deeds and New Year 1308 as the date of Switzerland’s liberation. Zahlung auf Rechnung Trusted Shops Käuferschutz! Victor 35121. Unsere Redakteure begrüßen Sie als Kunde hier. Wir haben eine große Auswahl an Marken ausführlichst analysiert und wir präsentieren unseren Lesern hier unsere Resultate. Recording date: 1913 Release number: 80135-R Release date: August 1914 NPS object catalog number: EDIS 43462. 5. Victor 16578. The overture is scored for: a piccolo, a flute, two oboes (first or second oboe doubles a cor anglais), two clarinets in A, two bassoons, four French horns in G and E, two trumpets in E, three trombones, timpani, triangle, bass drum and cymbals, and strings. Blind Comparison: William Tell Overture Welche Kauffaktoren es vor dem Bestellen Ihres Mnozil brass william tell overture zu beachten gibt. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. This segment is often used in animated cartoons to signify daybreak, most notably in Walt Disney's The Old Mill.. Ouverture - Gioachino Rossini (1792-1868) Preservation master. 1. , Amongst the films which feature the overture prominently is Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange, where an electronic rearrangement by Wendy Carlos of the finale is played during a fast motion orgy scene. The overture to the opera "William Tell", especially its high-energy finale, is a very familiar work composed by Gioachino Rossini.There has been repeated use (and sometimes parody) of this overture in the popular media, most famously for being the theme music for the "Lone Ranger" radio and television shows, and it is quoted by Dmitri Shostakovich in his Symphony No. Recorded on one side only. According to popular legend, he was a peasant from Bürglen in the canton of Uri in the 13th and early 14th centuries who defied Austrian authority, was The William Tell Overture is the overture to the opera William Tell - the last of Rossini's 39 operas. Ouverture - Gioachino Rossini (1792-1868) English: Gioachino Rossini's William Tell Overture (1829) on the Grand Scenes (2000) album performed by the United States Marine Corps Band, recorded June 5–9, 2000, at the Center for the Arts, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA. It was used in a hip-hop version by DJ Shadow to accompany the 2001 "Defy Convention" advertisement campaign for Reebok athletic shoes and in an electronic version for a 2008 Honda Civic campaign. It was the theme music for The Lone Ranger in radio, television and film, and has become widely associated with horseback riding since then. ... Join Date Jan 2019 Location Chicago Posts 1,320 Post Thanks / Like Likes (Given) 448 Likes (Received) 1855. The English horn then plays in alternating phrases with the flute, culminating in a duet with the triangle accompanying them in the background. Selbstverständlich ist jeder Wilhelm tell overture piano 24 Stunden am Tag auf amazon.de zu haben und kann sofort bestellt werden. The historical existence of Tell is disputed. Its duration is a little more than two minutes. William Tell and other Great Overtures in Full Score Mineola: ... Year/Date of Composition Y/D of Comp. Toutes les informations de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France sur : Guillaume Tell. William Tell and other Great Overtures in Full Score Mineola: ... Choral from Overture For 4 Trombones (Marc) ... Year/Date of Composition Y/D of Comp. Aus diesem Grunde berechnen wir die möglichst große Diversität an Eigenarten in die Bewertung mit ein. William Tell Overture ~ Release by Mike Oldfield (see all versions of this release, 2 available) About 'William Tell Overture' Artist: Rossini, Giacchino (sheet music)Born: 1792 , Pesaro Died: 1868 , Paris The Artist: Italian opera composer, whose work includes the comic masterpiece The barber of Seville.After intensive work on the opera William Tell, he spent the last 40 years of his life composing almost nothing, possibly in part due to ill health. The William Tell Overture is the overture to the opera William Tell (original French title Guillaume Tell), whose music was composed by Gioachino Rossini. It is particularly familiar through its use in the American radio and television shows of The Lone Ranger. The less frequently heard introductory portion of the overture is used as somber mood music later in the film. Ebenso enthält das Werk einige schön spielbare Solopassagen und die Partitur ist so sorgfältig instrumentiert, dass es viele Blasorchester vom Schulbereich bis zur Profistufe spielen können. 1824-29 First Perf ormance. CD, 20 Evergreens in mittelschweren Arrangements für Klavier [Musiknoten] Susi Weiss Arr. The William Tell Overture is the overture to the opera William Tell (original French title Guillaume Tell), whose music was composed by Gioachino Rossini. 78_william-tell-overture_spike-jones-and-his-city-slickers-doodles-weaver-rossini-spik_gbia0006114a Location USA Run time 00:03:23 Scanner Internet Archive Python library 1.5.0 Scanningcenter George Blood, L.P. 19 William Tell Overture. William Tell Overture (Blasorchester) im Blasmusik-Shop kaufen. 1829 Librettist Étienne de Jouy (1764-1846) Hippolyte Bis (1789-1855) after Wilhelm Tell (1804) by Friedrich Schiller: Language French Composer Time Period Comp. Take Date and Place Take Status Label Name/Number Format Note Hide Additional Titles; 11/29/1915 New York, New York: 1: Master: Columbia A5765: 12-in. Mnozil brass william tell overture - Bewundern Sie dem Favoriten. Damit Ihnen die Produktauswahl etwas leichter fällt, haben unsere Produkttester auch noch den Sieger des Vergleichs gewählt, der zweifelsfrei von all den getesteten William tell overture flute solo stark auffällig ist - insbesondere im Faktor Preis-Leistung. , One of the most frequently used pieces of classical music in American advertising, the overture (especially its finale) appears in numerous ads, with psychologist Joan Meyers-Levy suggesting that it is particularly suitable for those targeting male consumers. Sportscaster Billy Packer called it "the greatest college timeout in the country. Hier findest du alle nötigen Informationen und unsere Redaktion hat die William tell overture flute solo verglichen. Matrix/Take: C-1278/5. Originally for orchestra. 2, 2d ed., has imprint: Printed for H. Playford, 1698. print | 2 v. in 1. 15. Bugs Bunny Rides Again). It has been used by the Hong Kong Jockey Club for many years. Date: 1698 Book/Printed Material The dancing-master; or, Directions for dancing country-dances with the tunes to each dance, for the treble-violin. During the third television time-out of every second half at Indiana University basketball games, the Indiana pep band and cheerleading squad perform the overture with cheerleaders racing around the court carrying eighteen flags. CD, 20 Evergreens in mittelschweren Arrangements für Klavier [Musiknoten] Susi Weiss Arr. Matrix/Take: B-3221-C/2. One of the legendary characters of Swiss history was the bowman William Tell. " The Finale is quoted by Johann Strauss Sr. in his William Tell Galop (Op. It was described by Hector Berlioz, who usually loathed Rossini's works, as "a symphony in four parts. The overture, which lasts for approximately 12 minutes, paints a musical picture of life in the Swiss Alps, the setting of the opera. 15. William tell overture flute solo - Der absolute Gewinner der Redaktion. William Tell Overture is the second piece of classical music in the franchise since Hungarian Dance No. Der Sieger sollte den Wilhelm tell overture piano Test für sich entscheiden. Topics Symphony. "Gender Differences in Cortical Organization: Social and Biochemical Antecedents and Advertising Consequences" in. Average Schmoe. According to popular legend, he was a peasant from Bürglen in the canton of Uri in the 13th and early 14th centuries who defied Austrian authority, was forced to shoot an apple from his son’s head, was arrested for threatening the governor’s life, saved the same governor’s life en route to prison, escaped, and ultimately killed the governor in an ambush. Es ist jeder Wilhelm tell overture piano jederzeit im Netz auf Lager und kann sofort geliefert werden. The melody appears several times in the opera, including the final act, and takes on the character of a leitmotif. Later the overture from it struck bulls eye and became Rossini's best known work. William Tell premiered in 1829 and was the last of Rossini's 39 operas, after which he went into semi-retirement (he continued to compose cantatas, sacred music and secular vocal music). At the time, Lark cigarettes was using the theme in a campaign called "Show us your Lark pack! Um Ihnen bei der Produktwahl ein wenig Unterstützung zu bieten, haben unsere Tester auch das beste aller Produkte ausgewählt, welches zweifelsfrei aus all den Mnozil brass william tell overture sehr heraussticht - vor allem im Blick auf Verhältnismäßigkeit von Preis-Leistung. Obwohl dieser Wilhelm tell overture piano zweifelsfrei leicht überdurchschnittlich viel kosten mag, findet sich dieser Preis definitiv im Bezug auf Qualität und Langlebigkeit wider. William Tell, Swiss legendary hero who symbolized the struggle for political and individual freedom. Its duration is about three minutes. Updates? According to popular legend, he was a peasant from Bürglen in the canton of Uri in the 13th and early 14th centuries who defied Austrian authority, was 1824-29 First Perf ormance. Toutes les informations de la Bibliotheque Nationale de France sur : Guillaume Tell. It has also been used in cartoons parodying classical music (e.g. English: Gioachino Rossini's William Tell Overture (1829) on the Grand Scenes (2000) album performed by the United States Marine Corps Band, recorded June 5–9, 2000, at the Center for the Arts, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA. " and the Jeno's ad parodied this as well. In fact, the TV’s version included lyrics with the song entitled The Freedom Song – “Marching Behind William Tell.” Cartoons The overture has appeared in a number of cartoons, including “The Band Concert,” “Bugs Bunny’s Overtures to Disaster, Yankee Doodle Daffy,” and “The Flintstones.” William Tell Overture, composition by Gioacchino Rossini. Einfach & sicher bestellen! William Tell was a folk hero of disputed historical authenticity who is said to have lived in the canton of Uri in Switzerland in the early 14th century. Recorded in New York, N.Y., date unknown. William Tell Overture Rossini Addeddate 2015-02-18 15:28:06 External_metadata_update 2019-02-21T01:38:25Z Identifier 19WilliamTellOverture Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1.6.1. plus-circle Add Review. Dadela! Wir als Seitenbetreiber haben es uns zum Ziel gemacht, Alternativen jeder Art ausführlichst unter die Lupe zu nehmen, sodass Kunden einfach den Mnozil brass william tell overture ausfindig machen können, den Sie zuhause kaufen wollen. https://www.britannica.com/topic/William-Tell, Middle Ages for Kids - The Story of William Tell, William Tell - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Overture to William Tell, by Rossini, transcription by Liszt, Courtesy of D. Siu and http://www.sheetmusicarchive.net There has been repeated use (and sometimes parody) of parts of this overture in both classical music and popular media. " But unlike an actual symphony with its distinct movements, the overture's parts transition from one to the next without a break. 2. Its most famous use in that respect is as the theme music for The Lone Ranger; that usage has become so famous that the term "intellectual" has been defined as "a man who can listen to the William Tell Overture without thinking of the Lone Ranger. There is no evidence, however, for the existence of Tell; but the story of the marksman’s test is widely distributed in folklore. William Tell Overture Anthropomorphic Animal (56) Surrealism (53) Merrie Melodies (33) Anthropomorphism (31) Cartoon Dog (28) Dog (25) 1940s (21) Three Word Title (19) Breaking The Fourth Wall (17) Looney Tunes (15) Animal Character Name In Title (14) Singing (14) Two Word Title (14) Bugs Bunny Character (13) Cartoon Pig (13) Cartoon Rabbit (13) Chase (13) Duck (13) Popeye The Sailor … Read more. The section ends with a very high sustained note played by the first cello. An impending storm is hinted at by two very quiet timpani rolls resembling distant thunder. Ranz des Vaches begins at 5:14 and finale at 7:30. The Tom and Jerry Kids cast play "The William Tell Overture" with McWolf as the conductor. William Tell, Swiss legendary hero who symbolized the struggle for political and individual freedom. 3. Professor Plinket E Plonk performs the William Tell Overture on his Magic Piano. Dadala-da-da-da DA-da-da-da DAAAAA! This dynamic section in E minor is played by the full orchestra. Blind Comparison: William Tell Overture; Welcome to Talk Classical - A community covering every aspect of classical music! The overture, with its famous finale, "March Of The Swiss Soldiers," is a major part of the concert and recording repertoire. In the early Romantic era of nationalist revolutions, the Tell legend attained worldwide renown through the stirring play Wilhelm Tell (1804) by the German dramatist Friedrich von Schiller. ", The Noddy episode "Lost and Found" uses the tune for a song of the same name that the toy characters sing when looking for Rusty, a toy clown. The finale, often called the "March of the Swiss Soldiers" in English, is in E major like the prelude, but it is an ultra-dynamic galop heralded by trumpets and played by the full orchestra. Particularly good music for doing housework. Their phrases are punctuated by short wind instrument interventions of three notes each, first by the piccolo, flute and oboes, then by the clarinets and bassoons. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. Die Aussagekraft der Testergebnisse ist sehr relevant. No way to listen without tapping a foot, or better yet, getting up and running around! It alludes to the final act, which recounts the Swiss soldiers' victorious battle to liberate their homeland from Austrian repression. William tell overture flute solo - Der Vergleichssieger der Redaktion. Arrangement für Flöte, Klarinette, Klavier und Altsaxophon. The William Tell Overture is the overture to the opera William Tell (original French title Guillaume Tell), whose music was composed by Gioachino Rossini. The overture is in four parts, each following without pause. The William Tell Overture is the overture to the opera William Tell - the last of Rossini's 39 operas. "The Presidents Song" from the animated children's series Animaniacs is to the tune of William Tell Overture's finale. Herzlich Willkommen zum großen Produktvergleich. William Tell premiered in 1829 and was the last of Rossini's 39 operas, after which he went into semi-retirement (he continued to compose cantatas, sacred music and secular vocal music). Simple to install, this battery-powered, wireless doorbell allows you to choose from 48 melodies and classic Westminster chimes to announce your guests! 78_william-tell-overture-part-iv-finale_arthur-pryors-band-rossini_gbia0115146b Location USA Scanner Internet Archive Python library 1.7.7 Scanningcenter George Blood, L.P. Besetzung Scorch und Pdf These events supposedly helped spur the people to rise up against Austrian rule. Tom runs into a lion while chases Jerry at the circus. , The quote has been attributed to Jack Guin writing in, Wondrich, David (2002). Reviews Die französische Juli-Revolution zog 1830 mit der Absetzung Karls X. für Rossini den Verlust seiner Ämter nach sich, für den er durch eine Staatspension entschädigt wurde. Comment Report abuse. Franz Liszt prepared a piano transcription of the overture in 1838 (S.552) which became a staple of his concert repertoire. The historical existence of Tell is disputed. Released in 1829, William Tell Overtureis the oldest song in the franchise. The finale has also been sung with specially written lyrics by Daffy Duck in Yankee Doodle Daffy and by a quartet of singing policemen (as "Happy Anniversary") in The Flintstones episode "The Hot Piano". Although there are no horses or cavalry charges in the opera, this segment is often used in popular media to denote galloping horses, a race, or a hero riding to the rescue. William Tell overture Part 4: Finale | William Tell overture | Guillaume Tell. APPALACHIAN OVERTURE ist programmatisch angelegt und enthält zahlreiche Melodien, deren Ursprung man in der Folklore suchen würde, die jedoch allesamt Eigenkreationen von James Barnes sind. Gioachino Rossini's William Tell Overture performed by the USSR State Symphony Orchestra conducted by Yevgeny Svetlanov. William Tell Overture (Mike Oldfield instrumental), Stories Behind the Greatest Classical Compositions, "Album Notes for Johann Strauss I: Edition – Vol. It begins in E minor with a solo cello which is in turn 'answered' by the remaining cellos and the double basses. Satz aus "Ein musikalischer Spaß" KV 522 "Dorfmusikanten-Sextett" Orpheus Chamber Orchestra Gioacchino Rossini: "William Tell", Ouvertüre Spike Jones & His City Slickers Leitung: Spike Jones. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). William Tell : Ballet music Part 3 | William Tell : Ballet music Arthur Pryor's Band, performing. , The overture, especially its finale, also features in several sporting events. This pastorale section in G major signifying the calm after the storm begins with a Ranz des vaches or "Call to the Cows", featuring the cor anglais (English horn). 3", "Hong Kong's last colonial race day brings out the bets", "Song Activities – "Lost and Found", episode 104", International Music Score Library Project, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tell_Overture&oldid=987268667, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz work identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 November 2020, at 23:40. It also lasts for about three minutes. 5.0 out of 5 stars Da! Also available in digital form on the Library of Congress Web site. The exciting ending to Rossini's fantastic overture to William Tell. Es ist jeder Mnozil brass william tell overture direkt auf Amazon im Lager und kann somit sofort geliefert werden. | <urn:uuid:0ce59119-431d-4c0a-9834-a8c471aac11b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://lppr.politechnicart.net/il7qto/d90a96-william-tell-overture-date | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.805438 | 6,454 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Four hundred seventy years ago, Martin Luther died on February 18th. His last written words were the ones in the title of this blog.
Three hundred years after Luther’s death, the Lutheran church here in Altenburg, Missouri was draped with many yards of black cloth. On that day, which was a Wednesday, a morning service was held at 10:00 am and an afternoon service at 2:00 pm in honor of this special anniversary of Luther’s death. In his announcements from the pulpit, Pastor Gotthold Loeber called Luther “our father who rests in God, who has fallen asleep in the Lord”.
These services took place in the 1845 church which still stands in Altenburg and is part of the Lutheran Heritage Center & Museum. By visiting our museum, you can stand in the very place where such historical events such as this took place. The museum is open from 10 am till 4 pm every day and admission is always free. | <urn:uuid:bcc2a0df-aa3c-41e6-b786-d6072f4bd4b9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://lutheranmuseum.com/2016/02/18/we-are-beggars-this-is-true/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.98528 | 203 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Declarations and Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
(in particular respect to the United States)
Many of the parties that signed and ratified the Genocide Convention did so with what are referred to as "declarations and reservations." Statements of "problems" the countries found with the wording or intent of parts of the convention. Further elaborations are "understandings" where the nation explains what it understands the meaning of certain intents and wording to be. Finally, many countries voiced official objections to other nations' declarations and reservations.
Since the majority are in reference to article IX, I'll list those with notes if those countries had further declarations/reservations. After IX, VI and XII were the most often mentioned. As can be seen, several of the nations which had problems with article IX later withdrew their reservation.
The United States' "reservations and understandings" should be duly noted, not only because of the content and refusal to withdraw them despite numerous objections by other convention countries (see below) but when viewed in context of the length of time it took to ratify the convention even with those reservations and understandings.
The convention was approved for "signature and ratification or accession" in 1948. It was entered into force in 1951 after it had at least twenty signees (as stipulated in article XIII). While the US signed in 1948, it wasn't ratified until 1988. Also, by basically denying article IX, the United States is saying that the convention applies to other countries but only to itself if and when it chooses to allow itin effect trying to be both a signee of the convention and the ultimate arbiter of its expression and applicability (at least as far as the United States is concerned).
As noted by the objection by the Netherlands (below), this goes against international law:
The Statute of the Permanent Court of Justice (1945) claims within its jurisdiction "all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations or in treaties or Conventions in force" (Article 36.1.). Article 36.6 states: "In the event of a dispute as to whether the Court has jurisdiction, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the Court." (http://serendipity.magnet.ch/more/genocide.html)
As far as the United States is concerned, this also does not apply to itself. Further:
There simply is no other world court to decide.... The other objecting nations are simply affirming the right and necessity of the International Court of Justice as the interpreter of international treaties. By refusing to submit to the International Court of Justice's possible interpretation of the "Convention on Genocide" the United States is in effect, denying its own participation. (ibid.)
(This being hardly the first time the United States has ignored international law in deference to "foreign policy" and/or self-interestthough that goes beyond the scope of this writeup.)
Also of note is Article VI of the US Constitution which states that
and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
Interestingly, the United States Code does have legislation concerning genocide. It uses the basic form of the convention but with minor alterations: mere "intent" (admittedly a point of contention in defining acts as genocidal) becomes "specific intent" and the "mental harm" provision (II b) becomes "permanent impairment of the mental faculties of members of the group through drugs, torture, or similar techniques" (see under "Understandings" below), making it much more difficult to prosecute. The changes with "specific" and "mental harm" are enough to "mitigate" the United States' history in regard to slavery and its assimilationist policies toward the Indians, among other questionable domestic and foreign policies in the past and present. (I'll choose not to speculate whether or not this is deliberate or merely an attempt give itself more "freedom" in dealing with other nations/peoples.)
For reference, Article IX:
Disputes between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation, application or fulfillment of the present Convention, including those relating to the responsibility of a State for genocide or for any of the other acts enumerated in article III, shall be submitted to the International Court of Justice at the request of any of the parties to the dispute.
Declarations and Reservations of Article IX
(as of 11 June 2001; note these are countries that have signed/ratified the convention)
Albania (later withdrawn)
Algeria (also VI, except as an "exceptional measure")
(also stated that the ratification by Taiwan
local authorities in 1951 in the name of China was "illegal
and therefore null and void
." Upon the return of Hong Kong
, China extended the reservation/declaration to that territory)
(originally signed as Czechoslovakia
; later withdrawn)
(also understanding that under VII, extradition
can only take place in respect to "acts which are criminal under the law of both the requesting and the requested state")
(also VI: "Moroccan courts and tribunals alone have jurisdiction with respect to acts of genocide committed within the territory of the Kingdom of Morocco.")
(also: IV, VI, VII)
(originally signed as Czechoslovakia; later withdrawn)
- That with reference to article IX of the Convention, before any dispute to which the United States is a party may be submitted to the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice under this article, the specific consent of the United States is required in each case.
- That nothing in the Convention requires or authorizes legislation or other action by the United States of America prohibited by the Constitution of the United States as interpreted by the United States.
- That the term `intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group as such' appearing in article II means the specific intent to destroy, in whole or in substantial part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group as such by the acts specified in article II.
- That the term `mental harm' in article II (b) means permanent impairment of mental faculties through drugs, torture or similar techniques.
- That the pledge to grant extradition in accordance with a state's laws and treaties in force found in article VII extends only to acts which are criminal under the laws of both the requesting and the requested state and nothing in article VI affects the right of any state to bring to trial before its own tribunals any of its nationals for acts committed outside a state.
- That acts in the course of armed conflicts committed without the specific intent required by article II are not sufficient to constitute genocide as defined by this Convention.
- That with regard to the reference to an international penal tribunal in article VI of the Convention, the United States declares that it reserves the right to effect its participation in any such tribunal only by a treaty entered into specifically for that purpose with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(also VI and VII)
Objections are almost universally in regard to other countries' "reservations" about article IX. Ten countries (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) specifically addressed the United States' reservations (among those of other nations).
Some of the objections concerning the US:
"this reservation is subject to general principle of treaty interpretation according to which a party may not invoke the provisions of its internal law as justification for failure to perform a treaty."
"The Government of Ireland is unable to accept the second reservation made by the United States of America on the occasion of its ratification of the [said] Convention on the grounds that as a generally accepted rule of international law a party to an international agreement may not, by invoking the terms of its internal law, purport to override the provisions of the Agreement."
"The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands objects to this reservation on the ground that it creates uncertainty as to the extent of the obligations the Government of the United States of America is prepared to assume with regard to the Convention. Moreover, any failure by the United States of America to act upon the obligations contained in the Convention on the ground that such action would be prohibited by the constitution of the United States would be contrary to the generally accepted rule of international law, as laid down in article 27 of the Vienna Convention on the law of treaties (Vienna, 23 May 1969)."
(Sources: www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/treaty1gen.htm, http://serendipity.magnet.ch/more/genocide.html, US Code can be found at www4.law.cornell.edu, also see Genocide Convention for the full text of the document) | <urn:uuid:1c5386b0-1341-4410-b16b-7347476d4523> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://m.everything2.com/title/Declarations+and+Reservations+to+the+Genocide+Convention | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.944366 | 1,869 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Our lifestyle can sometimes mean that we develop high levels of stress which affect our performance when doing sports, so we are going to explain how this affects our exercise when doing indoor cycling.
Stress is our body’s adaptive response to adverse situations, which happens in order to put us into a state of alert, and to protect us. This reaction does not pose any risk, provided that they are just sporadic events. However it can become a problem when this occurs over a prolonged period of time.
Experiencing high levels of stress can result in:
- Significant increase in Heart Rate
- Breathing more intensely
- Improved muscle response
- Pupil dilation
- Tissues become more sensitive, resulting in pains, fatigue and injury
- Anxiety, negative moods and insomnia
- High blood pressure and circulatory difficulties
- Hormonal imbalances
- Increased intestinal permeability: digestive disorders, and even disorders related to immunodeficiency (rashes, allergic reactions, etc.)
How does Stress affect Indoor Cycling?
High levels of stress make it more difficult for an athlete to reach the optimal performance level as it reduces the response capacity in areas of the brain involved in maintaining effort. It switches the focus to speed or to addressing various stimuli simultaneously.
Stress, as well as allowing for a more intense response, has other effects on the organism which can take their toll in the short- and medium-term.
For example, when we feel stressed, our metabolism finds it more difficult to lose the fat which accumulates around the abdomen, just in the same way that the immune system reduces its activation level, making us more susceptible to all types of illnesses.
This is why higher levels of stress are related to many health conditions: ranging from obesity to cancer, including mood disorders such as anxiety or depression, heart conditions such as a heart attack or blood clot, or other neurological conditions like Alzheimer’s.
How does Indoor Cycling fight Stress?
Indoor Cycling is beneficial for dealing with stress. A good exercise session can counteract the effects of a stressful day. Each time you are active, your circulatory system releases endorphins which make you feel good, they help you to relax and to disconnect from your problems, and at the same time activating your immune system.
The mind benefits greatly from practising indoor cycling, and this exercise brings with it emotional wellbeing, as well as helping cognitive processes.
During training sessions, endorphins are released in the hypothalamus, which then stimulate the parts of the brain which produce feelings of pleasure. These ‘happy hormones’ act a little like tranquilizers and painkillers, and also reduce tiredness. This state lasts for a few hours until the endorphins are neutralised by other enzymes which bring back the hormonal balance.
In addition, this aerobic exercise also slows down deterioration associated with the brain age. Likewise, it can have a preventive effect on neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s.
The quality of sleep also improves, as this cardio exercise has a calming effect which induces a better rest.
The effects of stress on indoor cycling are evident, because as mentioned previously, it makes it more difficult to lose the fat which accumulates around the abdomen and it reduces the immune system’s activation level.
However, doing indoor cycling has a series of benefits related to the brain and the mind which counteract the effects of stress. In other words, although the stress affects our performance on the bike, continuing to exercise will help to reduce these levels of stress.
It is normal to feel unmotivated when you don’t reach your maximum performance during your indoor cycling session, but sticking with this sport comes with so many physical and psychological benefits, that by applying effort and consistency, you will be able to reach your goals without stress getting in the way. | <urn:uuid:64cf3ab1-7ee7-41e3-aac9-5ec0ca53871a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://magazine.bkool.com/en/2021/05/25/stress-indoor-cycling-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.956113 | 791 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Brotherhood’s Enduring Legacy
The History of Sigma Phi Epsilon Fraternity at Thomas Jefferson University
“Brotherhood is an ideal better understood by example than precept!”
—Thomas Carlyle, British essayist, historian, and philosopher
The Sigma Phi Epsilon (SigEp) fraternity’s illustrious history at Jefferson can be traced back to chapters at both Jefferson Medical College (now Sidney Kimmel Medical College) as well as Philadelphia College of Textiles and Science. And although the fraternity is no longer active on either campus, its proud legacy is alive and well, thanks to the devotion of active, passionate alumni whose members have made it their mission to give back to their beloved alma mater and its current students.
Jefferson’s first SigEp Chapter played an important role in the national fraternity’s early years. Washington & Jefferson College, a private liberal arts college in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, and the site of the fraternity’s third national chapter, established a medical department in Philadelphia, which would evolve into Thomas Jefferson University. From there, Jefferson’s first SigEp chapter and the country’s seventh, originally known as the Delta Beta Chapter, was established in 1903. All of the members were medical students.
“I’m very interested in the Chapter’s history,” says inaugural SigEp Pennsylvania Omicron Alumni Chapter president and current secretary Michael Costello ’89, a textile engineering major. “From the early days, the national office published a magazine, SigEp Journal. It was literally a collection of letters from the different chapters. Every quarter, each chapter would write a letter to the national office, and they would publish it in the Journal. What we know of Pennsylvania Delta Beta is from their letters. It’s very interesting reading from a very different time.”
The SigEp Journal’s 1907 and 1908 editions reported important news about Jefferson’s earliest Chapter. The October 1907 edition’s news on that year’s Conclave’s revision of the fraternity Ritual, a secret ceremony performed when inducting new brothers as members of the fraternity that focuses on the fraternity’s founding principles of Virtue, Diligence, and Brotherly Love, revealed that ideas submitted by brothers from Delta Beta were adopted and reflect the Ritual as it is known today. In addition, Jefferson hosted the fraternity’s third Conclave, and the first grand historian was a brother from Jefferson. The Delta Beta Chapter was renamed the Pennsylvania Beta chapter following a new naming convention first quoted in the Journal’s October 1908 issue.
However, the Beta Chapter’s soaring trajectory was short lived. In the fall of 1909, tragedy struck at Jefferson’s football rival Medico-Chirurgical, when a student died from a concussion in a game against the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. The fallout resulted in football’s ban at both Jefferson and Medico-Chi, a crushing blow to the Betas, who had three brothers on the team and celebrated the rivalry game between Jefferson and Medico-Chi as their event of the year. In addition, discussions at the sixth Conclave posited that medical schools were “out of place” in the fraternity, an insurmountable issue for Jefferson as purely a medical school. This sounded the death knell for the group, and notwithstanding the fact that it clearly played a critical part in SigEp’s early years, it was only active until 1912.
The next chapter of Jefferson’s SigEp story continues a little more than 50 years later on the East Falls Campus of Philadelphia College of Textiles and Sciences. The textile industry, which had traditionally been headquartered in the North, moved south. In response to the dramatic shift in location, Northern schools dropped most of their textile courses.
The future of fraternities on campuses like Textile began to unravel. The Phi Psi fraternity, whose Alpha Chapter resided on Textile’s campus, introduced new restrictions on membership via the national office, requiring that all members be textile majors. This was a challenge, given that at that time, the Chapter included members who majored in other courses of study, such as business administration, and these new restrictions would eliminate their membership eligibility. This policy shift sparked an idea—starting a new, separate, social fraternity on campus, and moving Phi Psi to a strictly honorary professional textile fraternity. Phi Psi’s Alpha Chapter decided to form a committee in the spring of 1962 to research possible social fraternities to colonize.
The following fall, Philip Spanninger ’65, a double major in chemistry and textile chemistry, was named its chairman. The group collected a list of 13 possible fraternities to investigate. “We looked at all kinds of fraternities that would carry on our culture, values, and ideals, and we narrowed it down to two, Tau Kappa Epsilon (TKE) and Sigma Phi Epsilon,” he says. “During the process, I married my wife Janet. She was very much involved and was my typist.”
“We decided on Sigma Phi Epsilon because it had the requirements that we felt were important to us as a group,” Spanninger shares. After voting in April 1963, the committee sent a petition for colonization to SigEp National headquarters in Richmond, Virginia, in June. There was still no word on the request upon the students’ return to school in September, but on October 22, the group was elated to receive a letter notifying them that the petition had been accepted.
“This allowed us to organize ourselves,” Spanninger continues. “We put together the organization, I became president of the Colony, and we initiated a pledge class.” On November 15, 1963, the new fraternity was announced to other students and fraternities at the college. The Inter-Fraternity Council was approached to recognize Sigma Phi Epsilon as a competitive fraternity on campus and to note Phi Psi’s move to an honorary fraternity. “My wife and I sewed together bedsheets into a banner, spray-painted the SigEp announcement, and hung it from Althouse Hall, which was the gymnasium at the time,” Spanninger recalls. “Everybody could see it, and we had a lot of cooperation from faculty members, especially the head of athletics.”
The founding slate of officers included Spanninger as president as well as vice president Joseph Burke ’65, treasurer Philip Jawski ’66, and secretary Kenneth Takvorian ’65. The fraternity’s launch was a bit rocky, and a few members dropped off. Nevertheless, just two weeks later the group was formally installed as a colony by leadership from Sigma Phi Epsilon’s national office.
In February 1964, elections were held for new officers. The updated roster included Spanninger as president, Takvorian as vice president, Don Careatti ’66 as secretary, Walter Ruemmler ’66 as comptroller, and Roger Fetterman ’66 as recorder. The Colony petitioned to become a Chapter in April of 1964, and a 22-member pledge class was inducted that May.
The petition was approved, the Colony became a Chapter and the Charter was signed on November 14, 1964. On that day, members of the Pennsylvania Delta (University of Pennsylvania) and Pennsylvania Epsilon (Lehigh University) initiated their new fraternity brothers in a ritualistic ceremony, and that evening the Sigma Phi Epsilon’s grand president presented the Charter of the Pennsylvania Omicron Chapter, installing Chapter officers. Omicron became the ninth SigEp Chapter in Pennsylvania and the third in Philadelphia. The installation was followed by the Sweetheart’s Ball, a celebration and fundraiser for the Heart Fund. “We held these fundraisers and community service projects because the symbol of Sigma Phi Epsilon is a heart,” shares Spanninger.
The Pennsylvania Omicron Chapter remained active for about 35 years, initiating approximately 416 brothers in that time. The final pledge class, consisting of two brothers, was initiated about 25 years ago, on October 18, 1998. Unfortunately, as the Chapter struggled to maintain the minimum number of undergraduate brothers required, it was forced to disband, returning the Charter to the national office.
Although the fraternity is no longer active on campus, its dynamic alumni remain involved. Today, there are more than 300 living alumni of the SigEp Omicron Chapter, with an active board dedicated to partnering with Jefferson in keeping the alumni connection alive through regular communication and engagement.
For Alumni Association Chapter President Christopher Padova ’89, a business major, his time as a SigEp brother extended far beyond his years at Textile, and the caring, compassion, and camaraderie have been a constant even until today. “I have had such wonderful experience as a member and brother of Sigma Phi Epsilon,” he says. “I met a lot of wonderful people, and still keep in touch with some of them. I had the opportunity to serve on the Executive Committee as the comptroller. I was also afforded the honor of being one of two students to be part of the committee to write the very first anti-harassment policy.”
“During school, I’d gotten extremely sick, and the brothers came to my bedside to make sure I was doing okay after a major surgery,” he shares. “I’ve had Crohn’s disease for 44 years, and even to this day the core group of people I keep in touch with have been so helpful and compassionate, constantly checking in on me and my family. I’m really grateful for all the love, camaraderie, and brotherhood they have shown me throughout the years. It’s been such a long time, and they’re still there.”
Padova’s dedication to giving back was spurred by his time as a SigEp brother. He continues, “One of the main things that I learned through everything that we’ve done as a fraternity is to give to others, and I’ve tried to do that throughout my life.”
“To me, the reason the fraternity is important is lifelong friendships,” says Costello. “My memory of college is a time that I really enjoyed. The fraternity was an important part of that. My pledge class was one of the largest in SigEp history, and I was vice president my senior year. I have lots of memories of fraternity meetings and get-togethers. The rituals and things we did together as a group drove the team feeling among us. Today, all of the people I stay in contact with from college as well as two of my best friends are fraternity brothers. The idea of brotherhood is important, and has resulted in lasting friendships.”
Costello works with the rest of the alumni Chapter Board to keep alumni active, involved, and connected with their alma mater. “We try to organize something around Homecoming and host various events throughout the year, not only in the Philadelphia area, but other states as well,” he says. “Since COVID we usually hold monthly meetings via WebEx.”
He shares, “One of the fraternity’s founding principles is brotherhood, brotherly love, and lifelong friendships. In general, most brothers involved with the alumni association have remained in contact with their fraternity brothers 30—even 40 or 50—years after they graduated. Even if you haven’t talked to someone in 20 years, if you get a phone call from somebody it’s like you talked to him yesterday.”
The Omicron Chapter’s commitment to a legacy of brotherhood and making a difference is still going strong. Spanninger’s leadership and commitment to Jefferson came full circle almost 50 years following his championship of the founding of the Chapter when in 2014, he chaired a committee launching an endowed Sigma Phi Epsilon Scholarship Fund at Jefferson with the goal of raising $50,000 in celebration of the Chapter’s launch 50 years prior.
Designed to benefit deserving students on the Jefferson East Falls campus who demonstrate financial need and model the SigEp philosophy of developing promising young leaders, the scholarship requires that to be considered, candidates should embody leadership and service, and be active in student organizations and activities. The Chapter’s dedicated alumni have far exceeded their initial fundraising goal, and the scholarship has already raised more than $150,000.
Christopher Padova sums up the powerful legacy of Jefferson’s Sigma Phi Epsilon Omicron Chapter: “That love and that camaraderie goes from era to era, all the way down the line.” | <urn:uuid:908899dc-f78c-405a-a180-af01cd7b8dec> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://magazine.jefferson.edu/issues/fall-2023/brotherhoods-enduring-legacy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.972715 | 2,670 | 2.609375 | 3 |
A trout stocking took place in Whitewater Creek in early August, but that sounds far too simple for the efforts culminating that day.
For starters, the trek into Whitewater Creek is not an easy one. The team hiked for over four hours, with the wind blowing around a steep canyon as they slowly descended. Huge, down trees frequently block the narrow, switchback trails, and the path itself is often washed away or overgrown with catclaw-bearing locust trees that seem to know to halt their growth at exactly human shin height.
Because Whitewater Creek is located in the Gila Wilderness, near the small town of Mogollon, no motors are allowed – no all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) to make the trip easier, no chainsaws to clear the path, no helicopters allowed to land.
Some of the biologists on this trip have made the arduous journey over two dozen times.
The next morning after camping – legs sore from the previous day’s adventure – another hour hike through occasional chest-high stinging nettle was necessary to reach the site for something occurring that no one living has likely witnessed here.
Much work has gone into this day, the day native Gila trout will be stocked in Whitewater Creek for “the first time in perhaps one hundred years,” said Jill Wick, native fish program manager with the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish.
Wick explained that it all started with lightning strikes in May 2012 that ignited two fires that converged into the Whitewater-Baldy complex fire. The fire consumed up to 20,000 acres per day under very dry conditions. Runoff from surrounding, scorched landscape caused ash, dirt and debris to smother Gila trout streams, destroying miles and miles of habitat.
Since those fires, Department biologists have had an ongoing goal to re-establish native Gila trout. Non-native trout species (which not only occupy habitat where Gila trout could be and compete for resources but can also hybridize with Gila trout, causing a loss of genetics) were removed and environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring (link: https://magazine.wildlife.state.nm.us/fisheries-biologists-tap-into-dna-detection-technology/) was conducted until biologists were confident all competitor trout were removed.
“Ash flow killed a lot of fish in this creek, which created an opportunity to remove non-native fish over the last three years,” Wick said. Following the habitat destruction, some Gila trout were saved by Department biologists and transferred to a nearby fish hatchery to preserve their genetics.
“It’s a really remote location, which definitely presents some challenges to the project,” said Wick. “The drainage is over 23 miles, with very minimal access. Over the years, we’ve used pack mules, horses and helicopters long-lining gear to crews of 20 to 30 people working and camping in various parts of the canyon.”
On this day, a helicopter uses one of those long-lines to carry a large, square metal container to safely lower fish to the ground, where biologists netted the fish out and released them into the creek.
Ryder Paggen, Gila trout biologist with the Department, estimated that “around 12,000 fingerling Gila trout were stocked, making Whitewater Creek’s 23 miles of good habitat, containing deep pools and good-sized riffles, one of our largest Gila trout fisheries.”
Afterward, high-fives and tears were shared in celebration, further demonstrating the tremendous commitment and dedication these biologists have for New Mexico wildlife.
“This wouldn’t have been possible without our partners, including the Gila National Forest, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, local chapters of Trout Unlimited and the support of local communities,” Wick said.
“After working on this project for the past seven years, to be able to put Gila trout in this water today is an incredible honor and is so exciting for me,” she continued.
Paggen summed up the massive, multi-year effort by saying, “This stocking today is a huge stepping stone for the benefit of this species, providing the opportunity for the population to have a stronger foothold in working towards recovery. I know we’re all hoping that, throughout the next few years, we’ll see this age class grow into an excellent fishing opportunity.”
Though the little, yellow trout had no idea how momentous the occasion was, the rest in attendance certainly did.
Watch this video to learn more about the restoration effort. | <urn:uuid:a2986ce4-d651-4a4c-a940-ce98fbc76464> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://magazine.wildlife.state.nm.us/gila-trout-return-to-whitewater-creek/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.960503 | 968 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Damian A. Pargas and Juliane Schiel, eds. The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History. Palgrave Macmillan, 2023. [Open access]
From Palgrave Macmillan
This open access handbook takes a comparative and global approach to analyse the practice of slavery throughout history. To understand slavery - why it developed, and how it functioned in various societies – is to understand an important and widespread practice in world civilisations. With research traditionally being dominated by the Atlantic world, this collection aims to illuminate slavery that existed in not only the Americas but also ancient, medieval, North and sub-Saharan African, Near Eastern, and Asian societies. Connecting civilisations through migration, warfare, trade routes and economic expansion, the practice of slavery integrated countries and regions through power-based relationships, whilst simultaneously dividing societies by class, race, ethnicity and cultural group. Uncovering slavery as a globalising phenomenon, the authors highlight the slave-trading routes that crisscrossed Africa, helped integrate the Mediterranean world, connected Indian Ocean societies and fused the Atlantic world. Split into five parts, the handbook portrays the evolution of slavery from antiquity to the contemporary era and encourages readers to realise similarities and differences between various manifestations of slavery throughout history. Providing a truly global coverage of slavery, and including thematic injections within each chronological part, this handbook is a comprehensive and transnational resource for all researchers interested in slavery, the history of labour, and anthropology. | <urn:uuid:bb9e98bb-5aa1-4df5-b16e-50c73befde8d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://maryjahariscenter.org/blog/the-palgrave-handbook-of-global-slavery-throughout-history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.89215 | 305 | 2.578125 | 3 |
This quiz contains multiple-choice problems on computer fundamentals subtopics like positional, non-positional, decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number systems.
The base is the total number of digits in a number system. True or false?
The LSB and MSB of 1243247 are __ and __.
__ is a device that uses positional notations to represent a decimal number.
The 2’s complement of 5 is
What does BCD stand for?
Bitwise coded decimal
Binary coded decimal
Binary converted decimal
Bitwise converted decimal
One zettabyte =?
Result of 2 + 3 (in BCD format) =
ASCII stands for
American standard code for international interchange
American scientific code for information interchange
American scientific code for international interchange
American standard code of information interchange
The 2’s complement of 15 is
Another name for the base is
The decimal equivalent of (0.101)2 will be
The signed magnitude for -3 will be
A number with both integer and fractional parts has digits raised to both positive and negative powers of 2 in a decimal number system. True or false?
Which of the following is not a type of number system?
How is the number 5 represented in a non-positional number system? | <urn:uuid:1043fb2c-f817-4a9c-83d3-ed912ec3bd60> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://merithub.com/quiz/logic-based-number-systems-binary-octal-decimal-and-hexadecimal-c8o4h99nuvt8gjkp1p0g | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.701052 | 275 | 3.796875 | 4 |
This question is very interesting. Are you smart if you read fast? And are you dumb if you read slow? Research shows there is no strong correlation between reading speed and IQ. There is a stronger relation between reading and IQ.
People who read a lot are exposed to more information. This helps them to understand more. And yes… there are always outliers. Some high IQ people hardly ever read while people with low IQ may read a lot.
Before we dive deeper into the whole reading speed and IQ story, it is important to define them.
Defining Reading Speed
Reading speed is basically the number of words you can read in a certain time. Most of the time this is shown in words per minute. It can also be pages per minute if you read really fast. It is important to note that reading speed is not a measure of how well you are reading or how much you comprehend.
Speed reading is often referred to as reading faster than average. There are many ways to increase your reading speed. I believe the first thing you should focus on is not just increasing your reading speed. Start reading smarter.
This means that you can continue reading at the same speed as before. The difference is that you increase your comprehension! This way you don’t have to re-read the text. You save time this way.
Webster defines IQ as a number used to express the apparent relative intelligence of a person. It is a score that shows how well you can use and combine information to find answers or make predictions. When you can do this with little resources or very fast, you score higher on the IQ scale.
IQ is a relative score. 100 is the average IQ. People with a higher than 100 IQ are “smarter” in solving problems. For instance, Einstein, Stephen Hawking, and Bill Gates have an IQ of 160. Note that having a high IQ doesn’t mean you only do smart things. There are many very smart people who live an average life.
Now that we know what IQ and reading speed are, let’s investigate the two in more detail. Research shows that reading speed and IQ are not strongly correlated. You don’t need to be a fast reader to be more intelligent. It also means that when you have a high IQ, you don’t have to be a fast reader.
This does create an interesting question…
Does Reading Increase IQ?
Reading helps you to raise your IQ. By exposing yourself to more information you learn more. This gives you more information to solve problems. Reading more also increases your vocabulary. Reading is an activity that requires focus. You build stamina to deal with difficult ideas and concepts. You become smarter by reading!
Let me be really honest with you. You don’t need to be a speed reader to study and graduate in time. Reading and studying on a daily basis are very important to have success in studying. If there is one skill you should develop to study smarter, it would be discipline. Make a habit out of studying to achieve academic success.
Is Speed Reading a Skill?
Reading fast is not a talent you had when you were born. It is a skill that you developed. You can do this by reading a lot. You can also take a course or pick up a book on reading techniques. Apply tactics tested in real life and read faster.
Because reading and speed reading are skills, you can develop them. When you feel you are a slow reader now… there is a cure! You can become a fast reader by reading more. You don’t even need to take expensive speed reading training. Simply push yourself to read faster. The result is not only a higher reading speed. It will increase your focus and comprehension.
What Is Reading Speed Depend On?
I learned many years ago that people who talk fast often also read fast. This is because you subvocalize the words you read in your head. Many people tell you to stop subvocalizing. I notice that you can also speed up this vocalizing. This increases your reading speed.
Of course, there are many other things that determine your reading speed. Some of them are:
- language in your book (foreign, jargon)
- state of mind (stress, tired)
- interest in the topic
- reading tactics
My advice to you is to start reading at a faster pace. Focus on comprehension. Reading speed without comprehension is worthless. Start reading more, and your reading speed will increase (and so will your IQ).
Talking about reading speed and IQ…
Do Genius Read Fast?
Smart people often read faster than the average person. The main reason is that they read more. I know it sounds too simplistic… but it is! Reading more helps you to read faster. This doesn’t work for a genius only. Everybody who reads more starts reading faster.
To some extent, this works either way around as well. When you read more, you also become smarter! I’m not saying you become a genius by reading more (and faster). You will be able to increase your IQ by reading more.
How Many Books Do Geniuses Read?
Geniuses read a lot. They read a lot more than “average” IQ people. High IQ is a measure of how well you can combine information to solve problems. When you have a vast amount of information and knowledge, you have a bigger pond to pick from.
When you read specific topics, you become better at that topic. Imagine you read all the books on thermodynamics in your local library. You will have a higher chance of understanding this difficult topic than a person who reads only one book. I read that if you read 5 books on one topic, you know more than 95% of all people about that topic.
Now expand this from reading many books on one topic and do that for dozens of topics. The amount of knowledge will be huge! The number of “smart” connections you can make between them is astronomical. You will see relationships between topics your average Joe doesn’t even think about!
There is one important side note. You not only have to read the books of course. You have to comprehend what you are reading. Learn to use the information. Stay up to date. And most of all, enjoy what you are doing.
Reading speed is not strongly correlated with intelligence. IQ does have a relation to reading. When you read more, you will become smarter. Reading helps you to increase your natural intelligence and present it more clearly.
You don’t need to be a speed reader to have academic success. What you have to do is continue to read on a daily basis. Expand your knowledge. Create more connections between topics you study. This helps you to become smarter!
Stop chasing that dream of becoming a speed reader who reads 1000 words per minute (or more). Focus on comprehension first. Become a smart reader. That is what I teach my clients and students. I help them not to double their reading speed. I help them to remember more in half the time when they read. It all starts by understanding more by reading smart! Let me know if you have any questions on this. | <urn:uuid:16f27d33-ade5-49c0-8a6c-1273db5df8d9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://mindmapsunleashed.com/reading-speed-and-intelligence?swcfpc=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.961269 | 1,482 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Marijuana and Diabetes: An Investigation of marijuana as a treatment for diabetes.
The development of treatment options of various disease states, illnesses, and ailments, is an evolving process that considers many chemical and biological mechanisms for managing symptoms, as well as bodily behaviors in response to such treatments. Diabetes is described as a chronic disease which has debilitating effects on sufferers, and can even be fatal (Diabetes 2015, a). Diabetes is caused by the body’s inability to produce insulin, or the body’s inability to properly use the insulin it produces (Diabetes 2015, a).
The hormone insulin is responsible for the control of the sugar glucose within the blood (Diabetes 2015, a). Insulin is produced in the pancreas and is also released by the pancreas when blood sugar levels are too high – via beta cells (Diabetes 2015, a). Insulin facilitates the intake of sugar to lower blood sugar levels and can also communicate the need to store excess sugar as fat (Diabetes 2015, a). Diabetes results in high blood sugar levels which may damage organs, blood vessels, or nerves (Diabetes 2015, a). The body needs insulin as a means of managing sugar, so that it can utilize it as an effective energy source (Diabetes 2015, a).
There are two types of Diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2 (Diabetes 2015, a). Type 1 diabetes is caused by the immune system (Diabetes 2015, a). The immune system mistakenly attacks and kills the beta cells of the pancreas, and because of this, very small amounts of insulin are effectively released to the body for the management of blood sugar (Diabetes 2015, a). Due to these circumstances, blood sugar levels remain high (Diabetes 2015, a). Type 1 diabetes occurs in 5-10% of people with diabetes and is treated with insulin and managed by planning meals (Diabetes 2015, a).
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body is unable to use the insulin it produces or does not make enough insulin. This results in the accumulation of sugar in the blood (Diabetes 2015, a). About 90% of individuals with diabetes have Type 2 diabetes (Diabetes 2015, a). Type 2 diabetes can generally be managed by physical activity and meal planning, but may require medication such as insulin or other blood sugar managing products (Diabetes 2015, a).
The treatment of diabetes with marijuana is not something people typically consider, but there are potential areas where investigation could not only be beneficial, but also groundbreaking. Before going over some of the possible benefits – first concerns should be addressed. Diabetes.co.uk suggests that cannabis may have negative effects on meal planning due to memory and concentration distortion related to cannabis. Secondly, they suggest that an increase in appetite due to “munchies” may be a negative factor towards individuals with diabetes. And lastly, that impaired glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia may be present where cannabis is heavily used (Diabetes 2015, b).
Alternatively, there is another train of thought to counter the negative list of concerning factors, in which there seems to be some areas where the use of cannabinoids (or even marijuana), may serve an interesting role. An article published by the American Alliance for Medical Cannabis (AAMC) is reported on by Diabetes.co.uk and suggests that there is a large body of evidence to suggest that marijuana can effectively stabilize blood sugars (Diabetes 2015, b). Further evidence suggests that marijuana can suppress some of the arterial inflammation that is commonly recognized and experienced by diabetics – arterial inflammation which is a factor leading to cardiovascular disease (Diabetes 2015, b).
Next, marijuana use has been found to prevent nerve inflammation and to ease the pain of neuropathy, which is listed as the most common complication of diabetes (Diabetes 2015, b). This factor alone may justify the need for a thorough level of investigation being conducted into the potential of marijuana, cannabinoids, or derivatives in the treatment of diabetes symptoms. Evidence does exist to suggest that marijuana use can help in keeping blood vessels open & improve circulation, and can actually lower blood pressure over time, helping to reduce the risk of heart disease and other complications pertaining to diabetes (Diabetes 2015, b). Finally, marijuana can reduce tingling in the feet and hands that is associated with neuropathy, and can relieve muscle cramps and pain from gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (Diabetes 2015, b).
One other interesting justification in utilizing marijuana and cannabinoid compounds as a means of symptom treatment, involves the reduction of pressure to the eye for individuals with glaucoma, which can arise due to diabetic retinopathy – in which blood flow is severely restricted from the eye (Diabetes 2015, b).
It should be noted that there presently exists two companies with an active interest in the investigation of the effects of marijuana and cannabinoids on diabetes. GW Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: GWPH) has a belief that obesity related diseases such as Type 2 diabetes may be treated using cannabis, and they have discovered two leaf compounds which increase energy expenditure of the body (Diabetes 2015, b). The second company has yet to publish any finding with regards to medical applications for marijuana in regards to diabetes, but their addition of a well-known researcher in the field of diabetes should be noted for future reference. On August 4th, 2014, Dr. Jonathan Lakey was announced as the Chief Scientific Officer of Stem Cell & Tissue Research for CEN Biotech Inc. (OTC: FITX) and Dr. Jonathan Lakey (MarketWired 2014). Jonathan Lakey has published hundreds of publications regarding activities within many disciplines, but his work with regards to Diabetes research involved the development of the Edmonton Protocol (Wikipedia 2009; UCI News 2013). The Edmonton protocol is a process that involves the isolation of islets from a cadaveric donor pancreas using the enzyme liberase, and recipients may receive islets from as many as three donors (Wikipedia 2009; UCI News 2013). The infusion of the islets occurs via the patient’s portal vein, which conducts blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver (Wikipedia 2009; UCI News 2013). Dr. Jonathan’s medical experience and his knowledge of diabetes may one day serve as an asset to this company for the discovery and development of novel techniques for treating diabetes symptoms, and possibly even diabetes itself.
The evidence would suggest that far more research must be conducted to investigate how marijuana and diabetes interact, and whether any medically viable means exists for more effective application. MMJ.Today is a great place to learn more about this research as it unfolds, and encourages readers to follow along and share any comments you may have, while industry barriers are breached in legitimizing marijuana as an effective medicine.
Diabetes. (2015). a. Types of diabetes. Canadian Diabetes Association. Accessed on April 26, 2015. Retrieved fromhttps://www.diabetes.ca/about-diabetes/types-of-diabetes
Diabetes. (2015. b. Cannabis and diabetes. Diabetes.co.uk. Accessed on April 27, 2015. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.co.uk/recreational-drugs/cannabis.html
MarketWired. (2014). Press Release: Creative edge nutrition inc. announces the addition of dr. Jonathan Lakey as the chief scientific officer of stem cell & tissue research. Source: Creative Edge Nutrition. Accessed on April 27, 2015. Retrieved from http://www.marketwired.com/…/creative-edge-nutrition-inc-an…– jonathan-lakey-as-chief-science-officer-pinksheets-fitx-1935042.htm
UCI News. (2013). UCI researchers awarded $2.27 million to create novel diabetes treatment. UCI News. Accessed on April 27, 2015. Retrieved from http://news.uci.edu/press-releases/uci– researchers-awarded-2-27-million-to-create-novel-diabetes-treatments/
Wikipedia. (2009). Edmonton Protocol. Wikipedia. Accessed on April 27, 2015. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton_protocol | <urn:uuid:25c74099-2fcc-45fa-9132-c47743f92d4c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://mmj.today/marijuana-and-diabetes-an-investigation-into-treatment-options/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.931776 | 1,695 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The use of aluminium PCB board for LED is rapidly increasing in the electronics industry due to its exceptional thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and durability. This article takes you through the advantages of using aluminium PCBs in LED applications and explores their various types, manufacturing processes, and real-life applications.
What is an LED Aluminum PCB Circuit Board?
An LED Aluminum PCB Circuit Board is a type of printed circuit board (PCB) specifically designed for LED applications.
It consists of a thin layer of thermally conductive but electrically insulating dielectric material that is laminated between an aluminum base and a copper circuit layer.
The aluminum base provides excellent heat dissipation properties, while the dielectric layer ensures that the electrical components on the PCB are isolated from the aluminum substrate.
This unique construction allows for efficient thermal management, which is crucial in high-power LED applications where excessive heat can cause premature failure or reduced performance.
Advantages of Aluminium PCB Board for LED
- Superior Thermal Management: Aluminium PCBs have excellent heat dissipation properties, enabling them to handle high-power LED components efficiently. This helps maintain optimal operating temperatures and prolong the lifespan of the LEDs.
- Enhanced Durability: Aluminium PCBs are known for their sturdiness and resistance to mechanical stress, making them ideal for LED lighting systems that require long-term reliability.
- Lightweight Design: Despite their strength and durability, aluminium PCBs are lightweight, allowing for easy installation and reduced overall weight of LED lighting fixtures.
- Cost-Effectiveness: Aluminium PCBs offer a cost-effective solution for LED applications, as they provide efficient thermal management and mechanical support at a lower cost compared to other materials like copper.
Types of Aluminium PCBs for LED Applications
Single-Sided Aluminium PCBs
Single-sided aluminium PCBs consist of a single layer of copper foil laminated onto an aluminium substrate. These PCBs are widely used in LED applications that require simple circuitry and limited component density.
Double-Sided Aluminium PCBs
Double-sided aluminium PCBs have copper layers on both sides of the substrate, allowing for more complex circuit designs and increased component density. These PCBs are suitable for LED applications with higher power requirements and more intricate designs.
Manufacturing Process of Aluminium PCB Board for LED
- Substrate Preparation: The aluminium substrate is cleaned and prepared for lamination, ensuring a smooth and contaminant-free surface.
- Lamination: A thin layer of thermally conductive dielectric material is applied to the aluminium substrate, followed by the copper foil layer. The laminated layers are then bonded together under heat and pressure.
- Circuit Patterning: The circuit pattern is transferred onto the copper layer, either through photolithography or screen printing.
- Etching: The unwanted copper areas are etched away, leaving only the desired circuit pattern.
- Drilling and Plating: Holes are drilled in the PCB for mounting components, and the through-holes are plated to create electrical connections between the layers.
- Solder Mask and Silkscreen: A solder mask is applied to protect the copper traces, followed by silkscreen printing to label component positions and other important information.
Real-Life Applications of Aluminium PCB Board for LED
LED Street Lights
Aluminium PCBs are widely used in LED street lights due to their excellent thermal management capabilities and long-lasting durability. The efficient heat dissipation of aluminium PCBs ensures optimal performance and extends the lifespan of LED street lights.
LED Panel Lights
LED panel lights require a lightweight, slim design, and efficient heat dissipation, making aluminium PCBs the perfect choice. The use of aluminium PCBs enables manufacturers to create sleek and stylish LED panel lights with high light output and long service life.
LED downlights often require compact designs with efficient thermal management, and aluminium PCBs provide the perfect solution. Their lightweight and slim profile, combined with excellent heat dissipation properties, make aluminium PCBs ideal for use in LED downlights.
LED Automotive Lighting
Aluminium PCBs are extensively used in automotive LED lighting systems, including headlights, tail lights, and interior lighting
. The durability and thermal management capabilities of aluminium PCBs make them well-suited for the demanding conditions of automotive applications.
LED Grow Lights
LED grow lights are used in horticulture to provide optimal light conditions for plant growth. Aluminium PCBs are widely used in these systems due to their excellent heat dissipation properties, ensuring that the LED grow lights remain at optimal operating temperatures and provide consistent light output.
LED Emergency Lighting
Aluminium PCBs are a popular choice for LED emergency lighting systems, as they offer a combination of durability, efficient heat dissipation, and lightweight design. These factors contribute to the reliability and long service life of LED emergency lights, ensuring that they function effectively when needed.
Conclusion: The Future of Aluminium PCB Board for LED
The adoption of aluminium PCB boards for LED applications is expected to grow as the demand for energy-efficient, durable, and high-performance LED lighting systems continues to rise. With their superior thermal management, mechanical strength, and cost-effectiveness, aluminium PCBs are well-positioned to play a critical role in the future of LED lighting technology.
As the industry continues to innovate, manufacturers may develop new aluminium PCB designs and manufacturing processes to further enhance the performance and efficiency of LED lighting systems. By staying informed about the latest advancements in aluminium PCB technology and understanding their potential applications, businesses and consumers can make informed decisions when selecting LED lighting solutions. | <urn:uuid:088c7995-02d7-4bc5-8cf8-a6e2f4dc583d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://morepcb.com/aluminium-pcb-board-for-led/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.904422 | 1,143 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Occupational Segregation Drives Persistent Inequality, Study Says
Education has long been hailed as the path to upward mobility in America. But new research points to limits of education as an economic escalator for Black workers.
In the past two decades, the number of Black workers with a four-year college degree or higher has more than doubled, to 4.8 million. But the income gains are far less than would be expected in a race-neutral labor market, a team of academic and nonprofit researchers found.
A key reason, they conclude, is the persistence of occupational segregation. Black workers with a college degree are more likely than their white peers to be employed in middle-wage jobs, like as social workers, tax examiners and education administrators.
The new report, published on Monday as a National Bureau of Economic Research working paper, is based on an analysis of U.S. census data and government surveys of households and businesses from 1980 to 2019.
“Education is important, but it’s no panacea,” said a member of the research group, Peter Q. Blair, an economist at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. “And an education-only narrative misses other structural features of our society that have to change.”
“The core thing,” Dr. Blair said, “is how much race matters.”
The researchers measured occupational segregation by race, after taking into account other factors like gender and geography. To have an equitable distribution across the work force, 22 percent of Black workers with a college degree would have to switch occupations with white college graduates. For workers who graduated with a high school degree but lack a college degree, nearly 28 percent of either Black or white workers would have to switch jobs.
The researchers called this a “dissimilarity index,” and since 2000 it has ticked up slightly for both groups.
The new report notes that Black college students often major in fields that have lower wages. That is one potential explanation for the apparently limited impact of college on upward mobility.
But the dearth of Black students in majors that lead to higher pay in careers like technology or finance, the researchers say, is a legacy of racism.
“They don’t see people who look like them in these higher-paying fields because of longstanding discrimination,” said Ashley Jardina, the lead author of the study and a political scientist at the University of Virginia’s Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy.
Among workers with skills but not a four-year degree, Black Americans are inordinately in low-wage jobs, including as home health aides, security guards, janitors and bus drivers. They also have less access to higher-paying unionized jobs in manufacturing than their white peers.
Occupational segregation is a major cause of income inequality and has remained remarkably persistent, the researchers found.
White workers with a college degree have median wages that are 23 percent higher than college-educated Black workers. White workers who have completed high school but do not have a college degree earn 22 percent more than similarly educated Black workers.
The study grew out of previous research by academics and Opportunity@Work, a nonprofit social venture. That research focused on workers without a college degree but with work experience that could make them candidates for higher-paying jobs — a group called STARs, for those who are “skilled through alternative routes.” The majority of American workers are not college graduates.
As that research was conducted, it became clear how differently Black workers experienced the labor market. They earn less than their white peers and are less likely to be upwardly mobile, said Papia Debroy, senior vice president in charge of research at Opportunity@Work.
The goal of the new report, she said, was to gain a deeper understanding of occupational segregation and to support efforts to “activate pathways to mobility.”
Dr. Debroy pointed to Futuro Health, a nonprofit in California, as the kind of program that is lifting large numbers of workers onto career paths.
Futuro Health was created in 2020, its initial funding a result of contract negotiations between Kaiser Permanente, a big hospital system, and the regional health care workers unit of the Service Employees International Union.
Health care, with its robust demand for trained workers, seemed a promising industry for a large upward-mobility program, said Van Ton-Quinlivan, chief executive of the nonprofit.
Futuro Health focuses on so-called allied health occupations — a broad swath of roles that include medical assistants, pharmacy technicians, phlebotomists, community health workers and health technology specialists, but not doctors or registered nurses. Allied health jobs make up more than 60 percent of the health care work force.
More than 8,000 workers have enrolled in the nonprofit’s courses, and the completion rate is 83 percent, according to data from its educational partners. The program, which is free to students, involves not only technical training but also courses in communication and interpersonal skills.
Justice Joel, 24, enrolled in the nonprofit’s program while working at a ramen restaurant in San Francisco. Completing the online and in-person classes, and a two-month internship, took about a year.
Today, Mr. Joel, who is Black, works as a medical technician for Kaiser in Oakland, Calif. He earns more than $60,000 a year, and is studying to become a licensed vocational nurse. His long-term goal is to be a registered nurse with a college degree.
The Futuro Health program, he said, gave him not only skills but confidence. “It was a huge, huge boost to my financial life and my career life,” Mr. Joel said.
Steve Lohr covers technology, economics and work force issues. He was part of the team awarded the Pulitzer Prize for explanatory reporting in 2013. More about Steve Lohr
Source: Read Full Article | <urn:uuid:f2524e7d-e04d-4987-b1a7-3e633fa28f9b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://mormonmediareviews.com/business/occupational-segregation-drives-persistent-inequality-study-says/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.969155 | 1,232 | 2.96875 | 3 |
For those of us looking to make more ethical choices when it comes to our wardrobes, vegan leather stands out as a simple way to make a change. For a garment to be considered truly cruelty-free, there should be no animal by-products used at any stage of its construction - something that many vegan leather products advertise as being true for their brand. However, on top of the treatment of animals, there are many other aspects of vegan leather to consider as well. What are the environmental impacts that go into its creation? What are the overall effects of this garment on my health and wellbeing? How are the workers treated throughout its production? Vegan leather definitely ticks the box of being animal-friendly and cruelty-free, but how does it stack up when we start to look into the other factors as well?
The most common types of materials used in vegan leather are polyurethane (PU) and polyvinylchloride (PVC). Both PU and PVC are petrochemicals, which are essentially plastics created from compounds extracted from oil and gas (watch the video here for a more detailed explanation if you’re interested!). Since oil and gas are fossil fuel derivatives made from a limited resource, these are not ideal materials to be used when producing a leather alternative. The environmental impact of drilling, processing, and converting oil to plastic is intensive, as well as being documented as disruptive to human health. We want something that is cruelty-free, yes, but in the best scenario, we also want one that’s made from a sustainable resource.
Many vegan leather goods are also manufactured overseas, where workers’ laws may not always be fully enforced. In cases like this, it’s best to avoid manufacturers that are known violators of human and workers’ rights. To combat these issues, large companies like the Gap, Patagonia, and Nike have joined forces as a part of the Sustainable Apparel Coalition and declared ethical manufacturing to be at the forefront of their sustainability initiatives. The coalition is still working on improving the state of the manufacturing industry, so researching companies that are a part of this initiative is one way of using your purchasing power to support ethical production. Aside from the impact on the environment, there are potential health risks associated with PVC as well. As it breaks down, PVC releases several gases, some of which are dioxins, phthalates, vinyl chloride, and lead. Many of these gases are classified as known carcinogens by the US National Library of Medicine. Although the material doesn’t harm any animals during its production, it’s worth taking into consideration the potential health hazards we may be exposing ourselves to instead.
So if vegan leather is not all it’s cracked up to be, what are our options if we’re looking to avoid purchasing leather goods? In a recent blog post, we talked about sustainable fabric alternatives, one of which was a fabric alternative called Piñatex. Created by Ananas Anam, a company based out of London, this fabric is made using pineapple leaf fibers to create a leather-like fabric. With enough demand, this cruelty-free leather alternative would be a great closed-loop production option to have on the market, rather than the more commonly used PVC vegan leather.
If you’re not opposed to wearing real leather, then there are two other great options to look for that are more sustainable than plastic-based vegan leather. The first is to look for companies that are creating garments using recycled leather. One of my personal favourites is a Swedish label called Deadwood, who uses leather scraps to create stylish and timeless leather jackets. According to their website, Deadwood’s production method “skips the bloody middle step and takes [leather] directly from ugly garments, crafting them into stunning new products without a single animal coming to harm in between”.
The second option would, of course, be to shop vintage or second-hand! There are loads of fashionable options when searching for vintage clothing either online or in your neighbourhood. On top of being a great way to save clothing from being dumped into landfills, shopping vintage is often much less expensive than purchasing the same items new from a retailer.
Whichever option you decide to go for, just be sure to make an informed decision when it comes to purchasing your next leather (or leather alternative!) garment. | <urn:uuid:852d8a99-110d-4949-84c7-37db0476f3cf> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://mothererth.com/blogs/news/how-safe-is-vegan-leather | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.96297 | 896 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Did you know that a third of the UK population is suffering from untreated tooth decay?
Going to the dentist may not be your favourite thing, but as you must have heard countless times, it is necessary. Leaving problems untreated have nasty and often painful consequences. The bi-annual dental check-up may sound unnecessary, but it helps avoid expensive root canals and pesky gingivitis. Routine dental attendance is associated with better oral health, and research backs it.
When it comes to dental health, anyone who has ever had to endure drilling will agree prevention is the best out of all remedies.
So, let’s first get down to what a dental exam is.
What happens during a dental exam?
Don’t worry, it isn’t painful. Your dentist will examine your teeth, gums, and mouth for signs of tooth decay, gum disease, gum recession, infection, and anomalies. A dental exam can also include dental x-rays. If you have implants, crowns, bridges, and root canals, these x-rays provide visual information about their condition.
They will ask about your general health and any problems you’ve had with oral health since the last visit. They will also ask about your diet, smoking, alcohol use, and teeth-cleaning habits. Your dentist will advise you on how to improve your oral health. You will get a date for your next visit.
What are the areas a dentist checks during a routine exam?
Your face, neck, jaw joints, lymph nodes, bite, tongue, and cheeks get examined apart from teeth and gums.
Are oral cancer screenings included in dental examinations?
Absolutely! A routine dental exam also involves oral cancer screening. Your dentist will check the cheek linings, gums, lips, tongue, floor & roof of your mouth, and throat for lesions and abnormalities. They will refer you to an oncologist for further testing if anything suspicious is detected.
How often do you need to go in for a dental examination?
Majority of dental professionals recommend visiting your dentist for a routine exam every 6 months. However, some may not need to go so often, while others may need to go every 3 months depending on their dental health problems. The frequency may vary from 3 months to 2 years. On average, 6 months is a safe interval to ensure you are detecting oral health issues early.
Dental hygiene is the lynchpin of good oral health and is very much a part of preventive measures just as much as dental exams are.
What does dental hygiene mean?
Did you know that according to a 2009 national survey of adults, more women in the UK reported cleaning their teeth at least twice a day than men (82% compared with 67%)?
Dental hygiene involves practices that keep your teeth and gums clean. These include brushing teeth twice a day, flossing, using mouth rinses, and seeing a dental hygienist for routine cleaning. A good hygiene routine removes plaque, bacteria, and food particles consistently, eliminating the risk of cavities, periodontal disease, teeth discolouration, and bad breath.
Dental hygiene is integral to our general well-being. An oral infection can carry bacteria to other parts of the body through the bloodstream leading to health conditions like heart disease and stroke. If you suffer from diseases like diabetes, osteoporosis, HIV/AIDS, and Alzheimer’s disease, dental hygiene is extra vital as these conditions negatively impact oral health.
What modern dental hygiene treatments are available?
From interdental brushes to antibacterial mouthwash, dental hygiene solutions are readily available. However, nothing beats professional hygienist treatment. Scaling and polishing is an excellent way to keep your teeth and gums healthy. And, if you want your dental appliances and crowns cleaned safely as well, Airflow offers improved professional teeth cleaning.
What can you expect from a dental hygiene treatment?
Your hygienist will conduct a routine dental exam before the treatment. A scale and polish treatment involves scaling and root planing to remove plaque and calculus from teeth and root surfaces. The hygienist uses an ultra-sonic scaler and a water jet. They will also use hand instruments where necessary. After removing plaque from teeth, the hygienist will polish them using a special paste.
Airflow can clean up to a depth of 5mm. It doesn’t involve scaling, which is safer for dental appliances. Airflow can clean up to a depth of 5mm. It doesn’t involve scaling, which is safer for dental appliances. Compressed air, a streamlined jet of water, and fine bi-carb powder are combined to clean teeth, periodontal pockets, and below the gum line. Airflow can clean dental implants, bridges, veneers, and crowns without the risk of damaging them.
Once your teeth are fresh and bright from the cleaning, your hygienist will give you a date you will need to repeat the process to keep teeth and gums in mint condition. Based on dental issues they notice, they will recommend special toothpaste, mouthwash, and hygiene habits.
What you should consider selecting a dental hygienist
Qualification and experience ensure you are in safe and capable hands. A friendly demeanour and caring personality allows you to openly discuss your dental care with them and stay in control every step of the way. A good hygienist listens and takes notes. They should be concerned about any discomfort you are in and avoid actions that are painful to you. Some patients may need anaesthetic and they should be accommodating. Nervous patients need extra patient comfort and a good hygienist knows how to put them at ease in a calming manner.
Dental exams and hygiene are invaluable to good health. They protect our precious teeth and gums and, at the same time, save lives with early detection of oral cancer. Ask your dentist how often you need a dental exam and a hygienist treatment. These can prevent expensive and complex treatments in the future and prolong your teeth for a higher quality of life. Our teeth play a major role in everything from our nutrition to self-esteem. So, what’s stopping you from making that trip to your dentist? Those with dental anxiety can feel at ease at Mouth clinics. Our caring clinicians will put you at ease without pain or stress. | <urn:uuid:55a264e7-e2ea-470d-afff-f948e5c58fd5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://mouth.co.uk/a-complete-guide-to-dental-examination-and-dental-hygiene/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.944822 | 1,328 | 2.828125 | 3 |
An Element from the Periodic Table
Use this outline to write a report about one element. Don’t forget to cite your sources.
We live in a world full of technological wonders. __________________ . _________________________ . _____________________ . We look out at a world full of natural wonders. ___________________ . _________________________ . ___________________________ . But do we ever stop to think about what all these things are made of?
Everything on our planet is made of only 92 natural elements. Everything. The ____________________ we use. The _______________ we see outside. All of them are made of some combination of these 92 natural elements. __________________________ by _________________________ (______________, _________ ) tells the story of one of these amazing elements.
___________________ is … [Tell the basic facts: symbol; atomic number; mass; melting point; boiling point; density. Tell these facts in short sentences.]
________________ is found… [Tell where the element is found on earth and whether it is found as a gas, liquid or solid.]
_______________ has some interesting qualities. [Tell unique characteristics of the element.]
________________ has been used for various purposes. [Tell both historical and current uses for the element.]
________________ is only one of the amazing elements that make up everything we see here on this earth. So, the next time we have fun using a _______________ or looking at _________________ , let’s take a moment to remember the 92 basic elements that make up our world. | <urn:uuid:e889bc65-998d-416a-a841-9c21141429e7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://msrosenreads.edublogs.org/tips-for-researching/science/the-periodic-table/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.814815 | 315 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Human Virtue Ethics Essay
In this assignment, you are asked to write an essay that addresses the following questions:
‘What is virtue ethics and how does it relate to other approaches to ethics? Can we become more virtuous by performing virtuous actions?
This is a 1,000 word essay (+/-10%), which accounts for 30% of your final grade.
Good assignments will:
Describe how virtue ethics differs from other approaches to ethics.
Engages in a discussion about human virtues and the extent to which they can developed. | <urn:uuid:f2d1db50-f069-4f69-860c-76503118d3dc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://myhomeworkwriters.com/360473-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.953343 | 110 | 2.59375 | 3 |
A four-year, $1 million National Science Foundation (NSF) grant will fund a project to test a novel strategy to make milk production more efficient and sustainable, while a second, related NSF grant of $200,000 will help students and faculty from Cornell and SUNY Cortland to communicate animal science to the public.
For the project’s research component, principal investigator Joseph McFadden ‘03, associate professor of dairy cattle biology in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and colleagues will use $1,021,000 to test whether lipids called ceramides could help improve the efficiency and sustainability of milk production. When cows and sheep use nutrients and produce milk efficiently, they emit less methane, a powerful greenhouse gas.
“Animal foods are nutrient dense foods,” McFadden said. “They’re very important for human health and nutrition.” At the same time, over the last century, researchers have used their understanding of genetics, nutrition and animal management to dramatically reduce the amount of methane that an animal produces per unit of milk, McFadden said.
“It’s important that we let the consumer know that these advancements have existed and they’ve actually helped the dairy industry become more sustainable,” he said. “There’s a perception out there that the dairy industry isn’t doing anything and they’re purposely harming the environment.”
Dale Bauman, professor emeritus of animal science, discovered that recombinant bovine growth hormone, somatotropin, a key contributor to how milk is made, involves a physiological process called insulin resistance. The hormone insulin helps regulate blood sugar, while also affecting fat and protein metabolism. Insulin resistance in early lactation rises in order to deliver the proper nutrients for making milk. McFadden and colleagues discovered early evidence that ceramide may cause insulin resistance and promote milk production in ruminants.
With the grant, the group will test how somatotropin promotes milk production and whether it depends on ceramides. In part two of the study, the group will test a new recombinant protein they hope will increase ceramide levels in the animal.
“If that’s the case, [the sheep or cow] should be more insulin resistant and make more milk,” McFadden said.
The project’s outreach component, led by Amanda Davis, [Ph.D. ’20], a former member of McFadden’s lab who is now an assistant professor of biological science at SUNY Cortland, is funded by the National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program, which supports research activities by undergraduates in NSF-funded areas.
More than 60 students and faculty from Cornell and SUNY Cortland will take part in science communication training led by staff and youth program coordinators at the Sciencenter, a hands-on museum in Ithaca. Ultimately, Cornell students and SUNY Cortland NSF REU researchers will apply what they learned about sustainable food animal production to inform the public on these issues. The students will also hold a public outreach event at local summer festivals and the state fair.
McFadden will also teach a course, Communicating Animal Science, which includes using social media and producing episodes for the podcast, Ruminate on This, to inform the public on issues concerning ruminants, such as cows and sheep. When McFadden taught the course last fall, students investigated consumer decisions about plant-based milk alternatives, surveyed members of the public at Trader Joe’s and Wegman’s on their choices, and then interviewed scientists to identify and address misconceptions. The results of their research and interviews will end up on the podcast in the near future. | <urn:uuid:29e89859-66d1-4d1b-8f82-c680cb68d424> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2022/01/grants-fund-study-outreach-sustainable-milk-production | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.922552 | 781 | 2.875 | 3 |
- Tech due diligence is the process of evaluating a business’s technology, software and related components. The output presents the risk and potential value of tech regarding your opportunity, company, and industry.
- Tech due diligence is important as it assists the potential investor or buyer gain an accurate picture of a company, including its true value and potential for growth and risks.
- Key elements of tech due diligence include reviewing areas such as the IT strategy, software, hardware, and customer support.
What is Tech Due Diligence?
Technical (or tech) due diligence is the process of evaluating the tech, software, architecture and related components of a company. This includes its software, products, product differentiators, product roadmap, security, systems, and practices. It usually occurs in tandem with large corporate events, such as initial public offerings (IPOs), mergers & acquisitions, buyouts by private equity funds or during fundraising rounds led by venture capital firms and growth equity investors. The output presents both the risk and potential value of tech concerning your opportunity, company, and industry.
Simply put, it is a discovery process, and group of best practices and recommendations that provide help and guidance on important risk mitigation needs as well as opportunities for value creation. It highlights critical separation or integration areas that may affect the value of the deal. It also evaluates all the separate tech components in a company and everything needed to utilise that technology to find hidden threats.
The aim is to note down anything that could lead to less profitable transactions. By conducting tech due diligence, businesses can make quicker and better-informed decisions that impact value creation directly. Tech due diligence is part of the information-gathering steps in the M&A (merger and acquisition) and fundraising cycle. By conducting thorough tech due diligence, you will:
- Comprehend the true value of the target business
- Get a broad idea of risks in every area
- Make financial planning that is informed
- Develop a value-driven plan that compliments your value creation thesis
Why is Tech Due Diligence Important?
Tech due diligence is important as it assists the potential investor or buyer in gaining an accurate picture of a company, including its true value and potential for risks and growth. It considers factors including competitors, product differentiators, protections on intellectual property (IP), risks from the use of third-party software, and technological processes. Therefore, tech due diligence’s main outcome is identifying business and technology risks. The process notes costs, investments and opportunities and gives information on both growth and scalability for a private equity company. Moreover, the potential for tech to make or break deals in private equity has never been bigger. Here is why tech due diligence is essential for both the buying and selling side of M&A:
- The buy-side: The buyer (or investor) needs to understand the risks and potential costs that could affect the business. To have this understanding, the buyer requires detailed information on the target company’s IT capabilities, infrastructure, software, devices, potential security risks, tech stack, potential technical debt, and more. It also gives them a better understanding of the complexity levels regarding the carve-out or integration onto current platforms. Essentially, this process offers buyers peace of mind before committing to an acquisition.
- The sell-side: Tech due diligence is also the responsibility of the seller. Indeed, by providing a tech due diligence report to the buyer, the seller will find the process will become more streamlined and can ultimately result in a higher valuation overall. Identifying any issues and finding solutions before the sale is highly prudent as it will ease any stress and prevent unforeseen obstacles that might appear during the transaction process.
Tech due diligence checklists might have hundreds of items to consider depending on the company’s maturity and size. As we cannot feasibly cover every possible area of investigation in this article, below we have instead compiled a list of several crucial dimensions regarding conducting tech due diligence prior to any acquisition.
Key Elements of Tech Due Diligence
It is important that you start by considering your IT strategy and roadmap across the entire organisation. Having good Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) competitive awareness is also key. If you do not understand the current tech strategy, you will fail to comprehend the extent of the investment opportunity. This includes understanding how far this strategy can scale. An excellent IT strategy is one that ensures there is a strong and extended vision that presents a roadmap. This roadmap should line up primary business strategies, aims, and initiatives with IT initiatives, and should also have the support of budgets and programme schedules. Below are some main areas to address when considering this key element:
- Existence of a strong roadmap with propagation and documentation
- Roadmap viability of execution by the team
- Both alignment and collaboration with the business strategy and roadmap
- In-depth product strategy that includes how tech evolves
- Total SWOT awareness (and inclusion in the roadmap)
- Capability to address the needs of the market with transparency on product or service gaps
Cybersecurity and Network
Ensuring that your company has the ability to defend against data breaches can strengthen its reputation. Therefore, reviewing all cybersecurity and network procedures and processes is imperative. The aim is to explore privacy and security as a total layer end-to-end, including controls, practices, design, policies, mitigation, implementation, and vulnerability detection. Below we detail several areas to consider:
- Assessment of personal data and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
- Data security
- Physical security
- Logical security
- Policies and procedures
- Security approach
- Security education within the company
- Inventory and ownership
- Data storage and access permissions
- History of breaches and management
- Monitoring and intrusion detection strategy
IT Staff Organisation and Leadership
It is important to ensure that your staff are not a liability and explore the tech team setup and health. Technical resources require formal documentation around vendor management, upgrades, support, and platform interdependencies. Identify the main employees on the IT staff who will lead transformation efforts through the M&A process. The following should be assessed:
- Staff maturity
- Staff culture
- Staff readiness
- Operation sophistication
- Key leadership
- IT leadership (and the extended team)
- Supplier and vendor management
- Delivery of service
- IT spend
- Tech debt
- End-to-end organisational setup and reporting structure
- Ability to draw and retain talent (such as attrition trends)
- Level efficiencies in operation
This element of tech due diligence involves a range of core business applications and includes areas such as Human Resources (HR), sales, and finance. The reason for this element is to realise scalability, documentation gaps, reliability, and hindrances that affect speed-to-market. The areas to consider include:
- Delivery models
- Whether these business applications are manual or automated.
Several risks may arise in this area, such as ineffective procedures and policies, disaster recovery gaps and planning, and business and IT alignments.
Another important item on the checklist is to conduct a software review. This includes:
- Software development and documentation processes (for instance, enterprise applications and open-source components).
- Proprietary software (review documentation, code strengths and weaknesses, platforms that use the software, and software versions)
- Packaged software (review customisations, security patches, software versions, and processes where the software has been integrated)
- Considering if the software remains supported
- Considering the costs associated and if there are contracts in position
- Determining if the software programmes are vital to business operations
Like software, assessing physical equipment is also an essential aspect of tech due diligence. This physical equipment might include phones, computers, servers, printers, vehicle fleets, storage, and production equipment. When considering these, you should review several aspects of the lifecycle of these terms, including:
- End of life considerations
- Support terms
- Related costs and charges
- Replacement timing
This is a critical element of due diligence as it assesses technical debt, which can have an impact on procedure and process in the future. You will conserve resources, finances, and time in the long term by reviewing and managing hardware lifecycles.
The aim here is to explore the comprehension of the infrastructure deployment model and if it is suitable for investment thesis as well as current or future architecture needs with appropriate costs. The focus should be on cybersecurity, cross-data leverage, and line-of-business tools. This element involves looking for any inefficiencies in procedures and policies. Areas to consider include:
- The scalability of infrastructure
- The resilience of infrastructure (does it have the capability to recover from failure?)
- Compliance standards and audit frequency
- Cybersecurity process and practices (e.g. incident response, intrusion detection, vulnerability scanning, and penetration testing)
- Business continuity and disaster recovery testability and plans
- End of life assets
- Evaluation of operating stability
- Telecommunications infrastructure (e.g. call centre data, internet systems, call analytics)
The element considers how employees work with IT to engage with customers. Analysing the customer support systems part of IT infrastructure can inform you of several factors, such as customer satisfaction levels, general customer service workflows, staffing levels, and opportunities for automation or improvement. Customer support is one of the most essential components of tech due diligence and should be seen as a high priority. Because the customer experience is digital, connecting with them through the correct digital channels and technology they prefer is a critical aspect of digital transformation. The top areas to explore for customer support include:
- Feedback on the product
- Rates of escalation and management process
- Defect rates and management process
- End-to-end customer support process
- Delineating between engineering and support responsibilities
- Support tools ecosystem and rationalisation
Our final key element, carve-out situations, involves exploring the ability of a company to function as a stand-alone entity and comprehending end-to-end capabilities, dependencies, and IP ownership. The primary areas to review include:
- Security gaps
- IP concerns and contractual agreements
- Hosting and deployment independence
- Responsibilities and roles
- Line-of-business tools dependencies
- Organisational chart post-split
Technology due diligence is when you evaluate the technology and related components of a business. It presents the risks and potential value of tech relating to your opportunity, company, and industry. It is imperative to conduct tech due diligence as it helps a potential buyer or investor gain a precise picture of a business, such as its actual value and potential for both growth and risks. There are numerous key elements of tech due diligence to review, such as the IT strategy, software, hardware, and customer support.
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We work with 100+ businesses. Book a slot now to talk to one of our experts. | <urn:uuid:7f17686e-7eed-42d9-8883-a8ab260a4f72> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://nuoptima.com/tech-due-dilligence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.933326 | 2,260 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The Eurozone is in recession as rising costs reduce consumer spending.
According to revised estimates, the eurozone entered a recession this winter as consumers were hammered by rising costs.
The economy of the 20-country union contracted by 0.1% between January and March, following a 0.1% contraction in the last three months of 2022.
A recession is commonly described as an economy contracting for two consecutive three-month periods, or quarters.
Rising food and energy prices have weighed on households in the eurozone, as they have in other countries.
Household spending in the EU declined by 0.3% in the first three months of 2023, after falling by 1% the previous quarter.
According to preliminary estimates, the eurozone averted a recession and expanded by 0.1% in the first three months of the year. However, Eurostat data revealed that it had declined in the first quarter.
Revised data from Germany, Europe’s largest economy, led to the country’s descent into recession.
Germany announced last month that it had entered a recession at the start of the year, with its economy contracting by 0.3% between January and March.
Oxford Economics professor Riccardo Fabiani predicted only “soft growth” in the eurozone in the next months since interest rates are still rising and “inflationary pressures are still present.”
The poor news comes after a difficult year for European economies, with rising energy prices caused by Russia’s assault on Ukraine driving up living costs.
In order to temper surging prices, the European Central Bank raised interest rates by 3.75 percentage points. | <urn:uuid:6814090e-007d-4a2b-9a8c-3e268ca1e5f8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://ocweedly.com/the-eurozone-is-in-recession-as-rising-costs-reduce-consumer-spending/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.971524 | 340 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Abstract fish model with open mouth and large, reverse-colored eye.
Origami models folded from a Square
Traditional origami consists of folding a single sheet of square paper (often with a colored side) into a sculpture without cutting, gluing, taping, or even marking it.
Segmented shell with four reverse-colored tentacles.
Flower on stem with reverse-colored petals.
Sitting racoon with distinctive reverse-colored snout, ears and bands on its tail.
Standing bipedal dinosaur with long tail and open mouth.
Standing hedgehog with reverse-colored head and feet, including a segmented back featuring quill-like motif.
Eight-legged crab with two large claws.
Standing zebra with reverse-colored nose, mane, tail and three stripes on its back.
Fish with reverse-colored stripes.
Sitting frog (or toad) model with reverse-colored eyes and jaw, featuring three digits on its front toes.
Standing unicorn with large head and twisted horn.
Standing goat-like humanoid with reverse-colored horns. | <urn:uuid:abd7047e-735b-4584-9417-78cd6d017c31> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://origami-database.com/paper-shape/square/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.917951 | 226 | 2.515625 | 3 |
There’s one thing we have that no one can take away.
Your first kiss, learning how to ride a bike, drive a car, your graduation. No matter what your memory of an event is, it belongs to you.
Your Memories Are Unique
Studies have shown that different people can experience the same event, but they remember completely different things.
I might recall how well the speaker was dressed and you might remember the irritating way they dropped the microphone as they fumbled their notes. That’s called selective attention and a lot of interesting studies have been performed to illustrate how it affects our memories.
Selective Attention Determines What We Remember
Our ability to focus on specific items affects how they are perceived. It will also affect what you remember about the event that occurred.
Studies have shown that we remember things differently because of how we consolidate them.
Context is Part of How We Consolidate Memories
When we are able to encode the context of an event, it affects how well we remember it.
One way to remember the location of an item is to think about the item and the moment we set the item down. That little nugget of context will help you remember you left your jacket in the car, rather than hanging it up.
Sleep contributes to memory consolidation. When we reprocess memories during sleep, we are forming and shaping them.
Losing Our Memory
One of the most tragic events I can imagine is memory loss. To come to the end of my life without being able to recall my experiences would be devastating.
It would feel like I hadn’t lived at all.
Researchers predict that Alzheimer's will become more prevalent as our population ages. That makes a lot of sense, but one wonders why.
There is no pharmaceutical cure for the disease. There are several clinical drug trials that have recently shown little benefit for patients. One drug was created to target amyloid protein, which is a marker for Alzheimer’s. The trial failed as the drug didn’t perform any better than a placebo.
How Researchers Changed Their Approach and Found a Cure
Memory loss results from a complex system gone awry. Our brains aren’t working correctly.
They decided a more holistic approach was worth a try. They proposed that a focus on specific lifestyle factors might help the brain recover.
They decided to support the brain by optimizing its surroundings. Better food, more rest, and more exercise were selected. Several of these factors are well-known longevity tools.
Take a Look at What You Eat
Participants in the study ate a mainly vegetarian diet with added supplements. They also followed a nightly 12–16 hour fast. Sugar and caffeine were reduced or eliminated entirely.
We’ve all heard it before. A diet of whole foods is recommended for mental and physical health. Eating fresh vegetables and fruits gives your body the nutrients it needs.
Better Sleep Protects Memories
Participants in the study were counseled to clean up their sleep habits. Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day is important. Your body will learn new habits and welcome this new routine.
Insomnia, oversleeping, and mental health are interconnected. It can be very difficult to overcome bad habits. Reducing the amount of caffeine and sugar you eat will support better sleep.
Experiment with other holistic approaches such as meditation and yoga. And quit drinking alcohol. An alcohol-induced stupor is not healthy for sleep.
Make a sleep plan. A good night’s sleep triggers changes in your brain that can help solidify memories.
Reduce Stress in Your Life
It’s just not worth losing your mind over.
Learn deep breathing or other stress management techniques to help you calm your nervous system. Yoga and meditation are also tools that can calm your nervous system.
Exercise is one of the most important activities that will benefit your brain. It increases blood flow and creates endorphins. That triggers positive feelings and contributes to your overall well-being.
Your body supports your brain by focusing on fitness.
Why Do Lifestyle Changes Improve Alzheimer’s?
There are several metabolic measurements that are associated with Alzheimer’s and Dementia. They include inflammation and insulin resistance.
A healthy lifestyle reduces both inflammation and insulin resistance, which supports improvements in memory.
- Insulin resistance is when cells can’t use insulin effectively. Because they can’t absorb glucose (sugar), it builds up in the blood.
- Inflammation is the body’s immune system response to something that is irritating it. Neuroinflammation, or inflammation of the brain, is becoming more and more linked to Dementia and Alzheimer’s.
Any lifestyle change that supports reduced inflammation and reduced sugar levels in the blood is likely to improve your memory. Blue Zone changes support longevity as well.
Why Isn’t Everyone Doing It?
If we really want to support our brain health, why aren’t we all jumping on the lifestyle bandwagon? There are several factors.
- We’re inherently lazy.
- It’s easier to take a drug.
- Lifestyle changes take effort.
- We’re used to following our doctor’s advice. Our doctors are used to treating symptoms with medications.
- They say youth is wasted on the young. There’s some truth in that. The last thing you were thinking of in your twenties was your longevity.
The Good News
It’s possible to overcome these problems. It will take a shift in how we’ve been doing things up to now.
People need support to make these changes. They need to understand what is required. Then they need to learn about the specific changes required to improve their health.
Doctors need to learn how to use nutrition in the same way that they now use drugs.
Insurance companies need to make a shift toward paying for counseling and dieticians instead of medication.
These lifestyle changes are what we need now, to support people who have a chronic disease. When we tackle the underlying causes we will finally solve them.
If we can make these shifts in how we approach treatment for chronic diseases, we can improve the lives of many.
This is original content from NewsBreak’s Creator Program. Join today to publish and share your own content. | <urn:uuid:17d5a9c0-e609-470a-af51-3c585b24e202> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://original.newsbreak.com/@tree-langdon-561573/2387023074700-ucla-studies-memory-loss | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.945951 | 1,318 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Defining and non-defining relative clauses - colegiosanjose.es
Grammar Worksheet Defining and non- Defining relative clauses Non- Defining relative clauses Use We use non- Defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing in the main clause. The extra information is not essential. Robbie Williams Millennium, which is one of his most successful singles, was released in 1999. Form In non- Defining relative clauses we put a comma before and after the main clause. We use the relative pronouns who, which, whose, where and when in non- Defining relative clauses . The relative pronoun cannot be omitted. Mark Smith, who lives next door to us, plays in a band. 1 Combine the sentences. Use who, which, whose, where or when. Ivan is very good-looking. (He s Helen s brother.) Ivan, who is Helen s brother, is very good-looking. 1 The book is about a murder on the Nile.
Grammar Worksheet Defining and non-defining relative clauses Non-defining relative clauses Use We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra
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In Reseda and elsewhere around the country, people are gaining a greater awareness of the benefits that physical therapy can provide. Physical therapy is a conservative approach to handling many types of musculoskeletal problems. It involves diagnosing and managing injuries, both new and long-lasting, and treating movement problems. Physical therapists use various techniques to help improve function, relieve pain, and increase mobility. Let’s discuss some benefits of physical therapy, as well as who should consider this treatment, and what to expect during a session.
People seek physical therapy for rehab, mobility, injury prevention, pain management, and chronic conditions. Scientific evidence has shown that regular physical therapy can achieve the benefits described below:
- Managing pain: Studies show that starting physical therapy early for back pain reduces pain and avoids opioids.
- Shorten post-surgery recovery: Physical therapy is often recommended after surgery to shorten post-surgery recovery because it hastens recovery time and quickly builds muscle back up. Doctors often advise therapy to ease pain, enhance mobility, avoid scarring, and regain normal function.
- Manage arthritis: Physical therapy effectively reduces arthritis symptoms, like inflammation, pain, stiffness, and swelling.
- Handling neurological conditions: Stroke, heart attack, spinal cord injuries, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis can be improved with physical therapy.
- Rehabilitation: Recovering from a sports injury or a slip-and-fall can be an arduous path to embark on. Many times, they can avoid surgery by taking up a program of physical therapy that rehabilitates the injured area. Therapy can lessen pain and strengthen muscles to help the person return to the field quickly.
Just about everyone can benefit from physical therapy, including those who have no current injuries or pain to recover from. This is because physical therapists are trained to identify situations that could lead to pain or injury in the future. These issues can then be worked on helping prevent future injury and strengthen the body to be less susceptible. Here are some of the specific injuries that physical therapy can help:
- back strain or discomfort
- knee pain
- tears of the rotator cuff
- herniated discs
Physical therapy has specialized fields like geriatrics, pediatrics, sports injuries, cardiac, respiratory, and neurology. Geriatric physical therapists help older people with rehabilitation, while pediatric therapists work with children. Sports therapists specialize in contact sports injuries, while cardiac therapists focus on heart-related rehab.
In your initial meeting with a physical therapist, they will assess your issue, evaluate your body’s function, and develop a treatment plan. After determining the cause of your injury, your therapist will assess your range of motion and muscle strength using functional tests. Your therapist can diagnose the issue and prescribe ongoing treatment based on this information.
The program of treatment will give you an idea of how long it will take to restore your body’s functionality and how many visits will be required. After the initial evaluation, you’ll begin a program of muscle-strengthening stretches and exercises. Your treatment program could involve manual therapy to relax muscles, reduce scar tissue, and enhance joint mobility.
Tasks may be assigned outside of therapy sessions to promote healing and strengthening. Your therapist will review your progress and propose new strategies for your physical therapy program. Physical therapy helps you move better and strengthen your body, so you won’t need more treatment once you’re fully healed. | <urn:uuid:8db3bf37-5950-4798-846d-b292eed8aacc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://pegasushomecare.com/services/pegasus-personal-care/ways-personal-care-can-help/physical-therapy-works-to-provide-lasting-improvement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.920909 | 704 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Shih Tzu are cuddly in nature and can live in a household comfortably as long as their needs are met. Shih Tzu, like many toy dog breeds, reaches maturity more quickly around 10 months. There is nothing fierce about them, since they are loving and enjoy nothing but attention, especially the Teacup Shih Tzu. If you own a Shih Tzu or are thinking about adding one to your household, knowing when a Shih Tzu is full grown is of importance. That’s because it enables you to identify if your Shih Tzu is unwell or isn’t growing as it should.
The Shih Tzu reaches full size by 10 months of age. With a body that is slightly longer than tall and a good-sized head, they have a sturdy frame that is characteristic of most toy breeds.
- A Shih Tzu is full grown at 10 months.
- An average Shih Tzu requires approximately 1-1.5 cups of food per day.
- A full grown Shih Tzu weighs 9 to16 pounds and is 8 to 11 inches tall.
Physical Growth Stages of a Shih Tz
Just like human development, Shih Tzu development follows a predictable sequence. The physical growth stages include:
Shih Tzu are deaf and blind at birth, making them completely reliant on their mother. At this stage only the three senses are working–-touch, taste and smell. They feel and respond to pain, discomfort, and minor disturbance by whining or crying. Their primary mission at this stage is to search out nourishment from their mother and sleep.
The puppy gains full sight and hearing at around 3 weeks after birth, making it easy to start playing with its littermates. It can also identify its mother, humans in the family and siblings. At this stage, a puppy should be eating three daily scheduled meals per day plus snacks. Exercise such as walks is also necessary as it allows for further building of socialization skills
This stage is the beginning of adolescent stage and puberty is underway for both genders. Females start to have their first heat. At this age, they fully understand household hierarchy and how their behavior affects their pack mates-humans and animals in the house. Also at this age, teething may be winding down and once super hyper puppies are becoming calmer making this less chaotic.
This stage involves a decline in growth rate. Cutting back food rations at this stage is recommended, since your Shih Tzu is growing more steadily this time. They become more alert, active and want to be kept engaged.
Factors Affecting the Growth of Shih Tzu
Even though these lovely puppies make wonderful life-long companions, there are a few common health concerns and issues that affect their growth. These include:
One of the hereditary conditions in Shih Tzu is patella luxation or displacement of the kneecap. This condition can affect one or both back legs if left untreated, increasing their risk of arthritis and other orthopedic issues later in life. So be always on the lookout for any symptoms of strain on your dog’s movement and overall health. Other genetic problems they are prone to include:
- Retinal detachment
- Hip dysplasia.
Feeding your Shih Tzu seems pretty easy. However, it’s vital to consider a number of factors before venturing into this field. Some factors include:
- Types of food options
- Food quantity
- Feeding time
- Whether you should make your own pet food or buy commercial brands for optimal nutrition.
Feeding your Shih Tzu the appropriate amount of food is crucial since the breed is prone to obesity. Also, you need to check on calories. On average, older Shih Tzu need about 282 calories in a day, adults need about 341 calories and very active ones need about 540 calories.
Exercise and Physical Activity
Exercise is good for the breed. However, it should be done in moderation since too much exercise could cause joint and bone issues later. Therefore, it’s advisable to avoid intense physical activities like going for long runs. Around 5 minutes of exercise a day for each month is enough.
Health and Wellness
You should always be on the lookout for any early symptoms presenting themselves and ensure that any medical issues are addressed on time. Some of the health problems they experience include:
- Eye disease
- Ear problems
- Back pain
- Breathing problems
A great way to be on top of your dog’s health is to schedule yearly health check-ups with your vet.
Signs of a Fully Grown Shih Tzu
Determining a full grown Shih Tzu might be a challenge to some pet owners. However, below are some signs to take into consideration before arriving at a conclusion.
Weight and Height
When you own a Shih Tzu it’s vital to be aware of the expected or standard size of a full grown Shih Tzu breed. The standard size of a full grown Tzu is 9 to 16 pounds for weight and 8 to 11 inches for height.
|1 month||2 inches or less|
|2 months||2–5 inches|
|3 months||3–6 inches|
|4 months||4–7 inches|
|5 months||5–1 inches|
|6 months||5–8 inches|
|7 months||6 inches|
|8 months||6–3 inches|
|9 months||6–9 inches|
|10 months||7–5 inches|
|11 months||8–11 inches|
|12 months||11 inches|
A full grown Shih Tzu should appear slightly longer than tall, with their tail curved over their back. Generally, purebred full grown Shih Tzu have long hair. And if left uncut, the hair might continue to grow to the ground.
As Shih Tzu grow, their behavior and activity change. Some behavioral changes include:
- Eating less
- Decreased mobility
- Getting a little grumpy
- Spending more time sleeping
How to Care For and Maintain a Full Grown Shih Tzu?
Grooming and Hygiene
Shih Tzu requires routine bathing and grooming due to its profuse coat that needs regular bathing as frequently as every week. However, grooming goes beyond just taking care of their coats. It involves:
- Brushing teeth 2–3 times a week
- Clipping of nails monthly
- A full body inspection done every couple of weeks
It’s also important to swab their ears and clean them out on a weekly basis. Grooming your Shih Tzu consistently, keeps them clean and less prone to infections.
Exercise and Physical Activity
Always ensure your Shih Tzu is experiencing a balanced and stable exercise routine. Exercise plays a huge role in their overall health. Some benefits include:
- Strengthening the heart
- Improve blood circulation
- Helps the body manage glucose level
- Help them stay in shape
- Stimulate the appetite
Feeding and Nutrition
In order to maintain a healthy skin, coat as well as overall health, it’s important to provide good nutrition to your dog through a well-balanced diet, healthy treats, and vitamins. Make sure you’re not only feeding your Shih Tzu healthy and quality food, but also monitoring weight gain. Learn to practice moderation! And in the event you notice weight gain, immediately create a balance between food proportion and the amount of exercise they receive.
Health and Wellness
Shih Tzu have some common health issues. These include:
- Ear infection due to long hair hanging down in their ears over the ear canal
- Heatstroke due to their long coats and short faces, which makes it difficult for them to breathe
- Eye problems such as corneal ulcers due to large eyes and shallow eye sockets.
These health concerns can be remedied by:
- Avoiding over exercising your dog during summer months in order to prevent heat exhaustion.
- Constant grooming to prevent growth of hair around the ear canal.
Related: How Long Does a Shih Tzu Live?
When Is Shih Tzu Full Grown? FAQs
Q: At What Age Do Shih Tzu Puppies Calm Down?
A: Like most dog breeds, Shih will begin to calm down once they reach two years. This is because after two years, your Shih Tzu will have plenty of energy to burn off, and it will begin to calm down gradually. Their hyper attitude fades away gradually with age.
Q: How Much Should a Shih Tzu Eat?
A: When trying to figure out how much food your Shih Tzu should eat, the first step should be to learn your Shih Tzu. An average Shih Tzu needs approximately 1-1.5 cups of food per day. However, this amount is affected by the following:
- The pet’s activity level
- Type of food
Q: What Is the Shih Tzu Weight at 4 Months?
A: At four months, your Shih Tzu should weigh around 6 lb. And if your puppy seems unwell or isn’t growing as intended, it’s best to get them checked by a veterinarian.
Q: What Is the Shih Tzu Life Span?
A: The average longevity of a Shih Tzu is 13 years, with the majority lasting between 10 and 16 years.
Q: Shih Tzu Weight by Age in KG
|Age of Puppy||Estimated Weight in (kg)|
|Birth||Less than a pound|
|1 month||0.5 kg|
|2 months||1.1 kg|
|3 months||1.8 kg|
|4 months||2.7 kg|
|5 months||3.6 kg|
|6 months||4.5 kg|
|7 months||5.4 kg|
|8 months||5.7 kg|
|9 months||5.7 kg|
|10 months||5.7 kg|
|11 months||5.7 kg|
|12 month/1 year||5.7 kg|
Shih Tzu has a small stature and friendly demeanor. But just like human development, Shih Tzu growth also follows a predictable sequence. Sooner or later, your puppy will begin showing changes in weight and height, physical appearance, and behavior, leaving you with no choice but to keenly monitor them since growth comes with challenges and demands.
Some things we should be on the lookout for as these changes occur include: health and wellness, exercise and physical activities, feeding and nutrition, and grooming. Once these factors are kept in check, your Shih Tzu will be able to grow in good condition and less prone to infections. | <urn:uuid:ea84bed8-32a6-4939-b532-01a6d50d581f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://petbudget.com/when-is-shih-tzu-full-grown/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.948646 | 2,275 | 2.828125 | 3 |
What does chip mean in slang?
British Slang. to jeer or criticize severely; deride; taunt.
What is chip short answer?
1) “Chip” is short for microchip, the incredibly complex yet tiny modules that store computer memory or provide logic circuitry for microprocessors. Perhaps the best known chips are the Pentium microprocessors from Intel.
What does the slang term chips are down mean?
in a difficult situation
Definition of when the chips are down informal. : in a difficult situation : when things are not good True friends will stand by you when the chips are down.
What does to chip someone mean?
intransitive to add something to someone else’s conversation. ‘Give her a kiss, Robbie,’ chipped in one of the photographers. Synonyms and related words. To interrupt someone when they are talking.
Is chip short for something?
What is the meaning of the name Chip? The name Chip is primarily a male name of English origin that means Diminutive Form Of Charles. “Chip and Dale”, Disney animated chipmunks.
What is chip system?
computer chip, also called chip, integrated circuit or small wafer of semiconductor material embedded with integrated circuitry. Chips comprise the processing and memory units of the modern digital computer (see microprocessor; RAM).
What are the types of chips?
20 Types of Potato Chips
- 1 Lay’s Oven Baked Potato Chips, Original.
- 2 Popchips Potato Chips, Cheddar and Sour Cream.
- 3 Kettle Brand Potato Chips.
- 4 Pringles Original Chips (3-Pack)
- 5 Lay’s Pizza.
- 6 Cape Cod Original Salted.
- 7 Ruffles Original.
- 8 Lay’s Smokey Bacon Potato Chips.
What is a chip on the shoulder mean?
informal. : to have an angry or unpleasant attitude or way of behaving caused by a belief that one has been treated unfairly in the past He has had a chip on his shoulder ever since he didn’t get the promotion he was expecting.
What does Rep mean in slang?
Definition of rep (Entry 1 of 9) slang. : reputation especially : status in a group (such as a gang) rep.
What does Chap mean in slang?
A chap is a guy or a fellow — a boy or man who’s a friend, acquaintance, or a friendly stranger. You might ask a chap on the bus if the seat beside him is free. You can refer to any male person as a chap, and you can also address him that way: “Hello there, old chap!
What is Chip’s real name?
Jahmaal Noel Fyffe
|Birth name||Jahmaal Noel Fyffe|
|Also known as||Chipmunk|
|Born||26 November 1990 Tottenham, North London, England|
|Genres||Hip hop grime|
Can Chip be a girl name?
Chip Origin and Meaning The name Chip is boy’s name . Only if you’re madly nostalgic for sixties TV. | <urn:uuid:0243a790-5372-43b4-ba86-a0c7489632ff> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://pfeiffertheface.com/what-does-chip-mean-in-slang/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.903389 | 671 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is revolutionizing chatbot technology by enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) to retrieve and process specific document-based information efficiently, paving the way for cost-effective and precise interactions.
The Emergence of RAG in Chatbots
Understanding the Core Principle of RAG
Retrieval Augmented Generation is an innovative approach that optimizes how LLMs access and utilize vast amounts of data. Instead of relying on embedding entire documents into a prompt for understanding, RAG smartly retrieves only relevant portions of text. This targeted retrieval method not only conserves resources but also ensures that interactions remain economically feasible.
How Retrieval Augmentation Models Work
At a high level, retrieval augmented generation (RAG) combines a retriever model that queries external knowledge sources with a generator model that produces outputs conditioned on retrieved content.
The retriever searches over a collection of texts to find the most relevant passages for a given input. This could involve indexing Wikipedia pages, academic papers, news articles, or other corpora. The retriever might generate search queries using the input text, or directly match against encoded passages using vector similarity.
The generator model takes the original input along with the retrieved passages and produces a final output. For example, the input text and retrieval contents could be concatenated to form a prompt for a language model like GPT-3.
Training usually involves joint optimization of the retriever and generator. The retriever aims to retrieve passages that increase the generator's likelihood of producing the correct output. Meanwhile, the generator learns to best utilize those retrievals. The models provide a training signal to each other in an iterative process.
Technical constraints shape how this process works in practice. The quadratic complexity of Transformers limits the total sequence length that can be processed. Tricks like parallel batching of retrievals help. The generator may also fuse information across passages using attention mechanisms rather than direct concatenation.
Overall, while conceptually simple, RAG models involve sophisticated engineering to train retrievers and generators that can augment each other effectively given inherent computational constraints. Their modular architecture opens many possibilities for improvement as both components evolve.
Some Important Points to Note:
- Compositionality's Power: Compositionality serves as the bedrock of RAG, a revolutionary framework that empowers computational models to synergize information retrieval and language generation, unlocking new dimensions of context-aware communication.
- Human-like Grounding: RAG reflects the aspiration to emulate human cognitive processes where information is gathered, contextualized, and utilized to formulate coherent responses. This mirrors the dynamic way humans engage in debates, backing claims with supporting evidence.
- From Comprehension to Action: RAG bridges the gap between comprehension and action by weaving two fundamental stages: retrieval and generation. The retrieval phase identifies pertinent information sources, while the generation phase crafts responses informed by these sources.
- The Multi-faceted Retrieval: RAG encompasses various methods of retrieval, from using pre-existing search engines to purpose-built retrieval mechanisms within the model. This diversity empowers the system to adapt to different types of knowledge repositories.
- The interplay of Capacity and Context: While a model with an expansive context window could provide valuable information, the actual ability to harness and process this information is a nuanced challenge. RAG requires careful orchestration to balance model capacity with context understanding.
- Addressing the Information Explosion: RAG confronts the dilemma of information explosion by devising strategies to actively process and integrate information from multiple documents, essentially simulating the way humans comprehend extensive information sources.
The Shortcomings of Traditional LLM Interactions
LLMs, as powerful and broad as they might be, possess inherent limitations. When presented with a query about a document they've never encountered, they're ill-equipped to respond without the entire text being integrated into the query. The impracticality of embedding an entire document, especially lengthy ones, poses challenges both in terms of efficiency and cost. RAG emerges as a solution to bridge this gap, providing a mechanism to fetch only the pertinent segments of a document.
Practical Implementation: RAG-Based Chatbots
One of the major applications of RAG is in the domain of chatbots. RAG-based chatbots introduce a new level of versatility, allowing users to upload their documents for the chatbot to process. By doing so, it enables a tailored interaction where the bot can address questions directly related to user-uploaded content.
Benefits of Retrieval Augmented Generation
Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) models offer several advantages over standard language models:
Improved Interpretability and Verifiability
By retrieving and citing external source documents, RAG provides a level of interpretability and verifiability lacking in models that generate freely. The cited texts allow users to trace the origins of factual claims and validate generated content. This promotes trust in model outputs.
RAG models can ingest new knowledge by modifying the documents in their retrieval index, without needing complete retraining. This makes it easy to keep them up-to-date as the world changes. Static language models quickly become outdated as new events occur.
More Controllable Outputs
Problematic biases in training data can lead language models to generate toxic or untruthful text. With RAG, offensive retrieved documents can be removed from the index to improve model behaviour. Tight control over retrieved content allows greater control over outputs.
Organizations can customize a RAG model for their specific industry by providing a domain-relevant dataset for retrieval. This focuses outputs on useful information for the given field. Standard language models often hallucinate implausible or irrelevant content.
In summary, retrieval augmentation mechanisms allow for safer, more controllable language generation that stays true to real-world knowledge. RAG models have exciting potential to overcome key shortcomings of current large pre-trained models.
Notable Pioneers in RAG Chatbot Technology
There have been several early adopters in the sphere of RAG-based chatbot technology:
- Haystack: A front-runner in integrating RAG, Haystack provides a nuanced approach to retrieving information from comprehensive datasets.
- Quivr: Emphasizing precision, Quivr utilizes RAG to ensure that users obtain the most relevant responses from uploaded documents.
- localGPT: Marrying the power of LLMs with RAG, localGPT showcases how combined technologies can offer superior user experiences.
- PDF.ai: Catering specifically to PDF documents, PDF.ai exemplifies the versatility of RAG in handling diverse formats.
The Future Outlook: RAG in Vector Databases
The integration of RAG is not limited to just chatbots. Vector databases, which play crucial roles in managing multi-dimensional data, are poised to incorporate this feature. With RAG's capabilities, these databases will further enhance their efficiency, ensuring that data retrieval is both swift and cost-effective.
Beyond Retrieval: Interpretability and Updateability
RAG models offer more than just improved content generation. Their architecture provides inherent benefits in terms of interpretability and updateability. By linking generated claims with specific pieces of retrieved information, RAG models offer a level of transparency that traditional language models lack. Readers can assess the underlying sources to gauge the credibility of the generated content. Additionally, RAG models possess the ability to adapt to changing information landscapes. Unlike traditional models that remain static after training, RAG models can dynamically update their knowledge base, incorporating new information and discarding outdated content.
Challenges and Future Directions
Despite the promising advancements RAG models bring, challenges persist. Optimizing the training process and fine-tuning the retriever and generator components remain areas of active research. Balancing the trade-offs between retrieval accuracy and generation fluency is another challenge, as the retrieved documents may not always align perfectly with the desired response. As the field of RAG continues to evolve, researchers are exploring novel architectures and strategies to further enhance the models' ability to navigate external knowledge bases and generate contextually relevant, grounded content.
Evolving Conversational Interfaces:
- Conversational Search Interfaces: RAG paves the way for conversational search interfaces that transcend the limitations of traditional keyword-based search engines. These interfaces engage in more nuanced, context-aware dialogues, enhancing user interaction.
- Beyond Simple Retrieval: RAG redefines the concept of retrieval by coupling it with intelligent generation. The model doesn't just retrieve information; it generates responses with supporting evidence, fostering a more comprehensive and authentic discourse.
- Dynamic Updating: The external memory aspect of RAG introduces dynamic updating, allowing models to incorporate new information and shed outdated knowledge. This feature mirrors the evolving nature of real-world conversations and their need to adapt to new insights.
- Cultivating Cognitive Processes: RAG's design emulates human cognitive processes, prompting models to actively engage with and interpret information before generating responses. This shift from static to dynamic understanding mirrors how humans process and use knowledge in conversation.
Embracing the Future of Conversational AI
- Intelligent Summarization: RAG's capacity for dynamic processing opens doors to intelligent summarization, where models could progressively summarize lengthy texts, iteratively extracting key points and generating coherent synopses.
- Personalized Dialogue: The fusion of retrieval and generation could usher in personalized dialogue systems. Such systems, drawing from personal profiles and past interactions, could tailor their discourse to match individual preferences and experiences.
- Enhanced Learning: RAG's interactive nature could revolutionize online learning platforms. Imagine a system that not only provides information but engages in meaningful conversations, reinforcing comprehension and fostering critical thinking.
- Ethical Considerations: As RAG evolves, ethical considerations loom large. Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of retrieved information, avoiding reinforcement of biases, and guarding against misuse of the model's dynamic updating capabilities are paramount.
The introduction of Retrieval Augmented Generation is a significant leap forward in harnessing the true potential of Large Language Models. By enabling precise data retrieval and optimizing interactions, RAG-based chatbots and other applications are set to redefine our engagement with technology. As RAG continues its integration across platforms, it signifies a transformative phase in the realm of data-driven interactions. | <urn:uuid:3c9ad1ea-a270-48b2-9e72-0085d5e4c023> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://promptengineering.org/taming-the-beast-how-retrieval-augmentation-can-bolster-large-language-models/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.849542 | 2,107 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Now showing items 1-10 of 15
Number theory in quantum computing
[SNAP-2018-012-EN] (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-08-07)
Algorithms are mathematical procedures developed to solve a problem. When encoded on a computer, algorithms must be "translated" to a series of simple steps, each of which the computer knows how to do. This task is ...
Data assimilation: mathematics for merging models and data
[SNAP-2018-011-EN] (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-07-10)
When you describe a physical process, for example, the weather on Earth, or an engineered system, such as a self-driving car, you typically have two sources of information. The first is a mathematical model, and the ...
Topological Complexity, Robotics and Social Choice
[SNAP-2018-005-EN] (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-08-10)
Topological complexity is a number that measures how hard it is to plan motions (for robots, say) in terms of a particular space associated to the kind of motion to be planned. This is a burgeoning subject within the ...
The Algebraic Statistics of an Oberwolfach Workshop
[SNAP-2018-001-EN] (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-02-27)
Algebraic Statistics builds on the idea that statistical models can be understood via polynomials. Many statistical models are parameterized by polynomials in the model parameters; others are described implicitly by ...
The mathematics of aquatic locomotion
[SNAP-2018-008-EN] (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-06-19)
Aquatic locomotion is a self-propelled motion through a liquid medium. It can be of biological nature (fish, microorganisms,. . .) or performed by robotic swimmers. This snapshot aims to introduce the reader to some ...
[SNAP-2018-009-EN] (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-06-19)
In this snapshot we discuss the notion of codimension, which is, in a sense, “dual” to the notion of dimension and is useful when studying the relative position of one object insider another one.
A short story on optimal transport and its many applications
[SNAP-2018-013-EN] (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-08-08)
We present some examples of optimal transport problems and of applications to different sciences (logistics, economics, image processing, and a little bit of evolution equations) through the crazy story of an industrial ...
Mixed volumes and mixed integrals
[SNAP-2018-014-EN] (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-12-29)
In recent years, mathematicians have developed new approaches to study convex sets: instead of considering convex sets themselves, they explore certain functions or measures that are related to them. Problems from ...
Fast Solvers for Highly Oscillatory Problems
[SNAP-2018-006-EN] (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-06-26)
Waves of diverse types surround us. Sound, light and other waves, such as microwaves, are crucial for speech, mobile phones, and other communication technologies. Elastic waves propagating through the Earth bounce ...
Geometry behind one of the Painlevé III differential equations
[SNAP-2018-010-EN] (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 2018-06-20)
The Painlevé equations are second order differential equations, which were first studied more than 100 years ago. Nowadays they arise in many areas in mathematics and mathematical physics. This snapshot discusses the ... | <urn:uuid:da592169-fbd2-4ca1-bcb5-821ea686df91> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://publications.mfo.de/handle/mfo/20/discover?filtertype=dateIssued&filter_relational_operator=equals&filter=2018 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.809914 | 867 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Expand Learning Beyond the Classroom
The increasing emphasis on academics, organized sports and elimination of recess have put the squeeze on outdoor play for today's children. Kids spend more time at their desks completing classwork or at the kitchen table doing homework than on the playground. And while the decline of outdoor play is frightening, what's even more alarming is school officials failing to acknowledge the importance of outdoor play for students.
Q: What do kids learn from play?
A: Play is one of the ways children learn about themselves and the world around them. Through play, they learn to get along with others, sort out conflicts, practice language skills, and develop fine and gross motor skills. Play fosters independence, self-esteem, self-regulation and creativity, and gets kids moving. It contributes to the emotional and physical well-being of children and offers them some much needed downtime.
Play provides real-life lessons, such as experiencing group processes of thought, evaluating risks and making decisions. These lessons prepare kids for adulthood. Through playful exploration and experience, children develop skills and knowledge that can't be taught in a classroom.
The benefits of play last a lifetime.
Q: How does play impact classroom behavior and learning?
A: The skills and experiences children acquire through play translate into enhanced classroom performance. Children who play more tend to concentrate better, have fewer behavioral issues and perform stronger in their academic pursuits. Think about it this way—when adults work too hard and feel like they are burning out, they take a break. The break reenergizes them and enables them to regain focus on the tasks at hand. That's exactly what play does. Play helps kids unwind, have fun and focus better in the classroom. It also helps deepen their understanding of classroom content.
Q: Is there research pointing to the benefits of play and recess?
A: Educational theory, experimental research and longitudinal data suggest that providing daily recess breaks throughout the early childhood and primary school years maximizes academic performance and aids in the adjustment to school. A study of fourth-grade students' recess activity found that those who participated in rigorous physical activity exhibited higher levels of concentration than those who sat quietly. Another study from 2009 found that teachers reported improved behaviors in 11,000 children ages 8 to 9 who participated in more than 15 minutes of daily recess. In fact, in Finland, taking multiple play breaks during the school day has made kids more focused, eager to learn and happy. The country's school system is consistently at the top of international rankings.
Q: With the decreased focus on recess, is there a specific message for parents and teachers?
A: Play benefits whole child development and should be defended. Parents and educators should know the facts surrounding recess and become advocates, challenging the growing trend to reduce or eliminate recess from the school day. Recess is a child's cherished time and should not be curtailed as a form of punishment.
FOR MORE INFORMATION | <urn:uuid:5924a1d3-5878-45c1-98b1-8647770b02bf> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://recmanagement.com/articles/152134/expand-learning-beyond-classroom | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.96315 | 598 | 4.15625 | 4 |
Dengue is an increasingly significant vector-borne infectious disease, with over 50 million cases reported in more than half the world’s recognised independent states. Dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are distinct clinical forms of an infection that is caused by Dengue Virus, a member of the Flaviviridae family. All four well characterized serotypes of the virus can cause the full spectrum of disease from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening symptoms. For effective prevention and/or treatment of disease symptoms, early and rapid detection of virus in specimens collected from clinically suspected persons is a requirement that remains challenging. A positive laboratory diagnosis is essential to confirm dengue virus infection and hence to inform patient therapy. Here, we consider the pros and cons of currently available methods for identification, ranging from conventional to sophisticated tests. Reports indicate the use of a variety of diagnostic methods of varying sensitivity, highlighting the necessity for standardisation and quality control. Several novel approaches are in development and demand further evaluation. | <urn:uuid:5efc6e2f-a07f-4012-ad6a-a4b10e29b21c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/laboratory-diagnosis-of-dengue-infection-current-techniques-and-f | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.928317 | 212 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Peppermint is a natural alternative to breath fresheners.
If you have ever taken antibiotics then your gut flora will have been compromised.
There is nothing more off putting than bad breath. Chronic bad breath is a symptom of an underlying problem such as poor oral hygiene, poor diet, digestive issues, gum disease, tooth decay, or other more serious medical conditions such as liver disease or diabetes.
Eliminating the obvious such as diets high in garlic and sulphur containing foods, improving oral hygiene and visiting your dentist for a clean and check up will help narrow down the cause. In this day and age of high protein and sugar diets, bad breath often originates in your digest tract and stem from candida, yeast and bad bacteria overgrowth. Creating a healthy gut is key to both general good health as well as oral health.
Best Foods For Bad Breath
Water – Drink at least 8 glasses of water to flush toxins.
High fiber foods – help improve digestion and help your body expel toxins.
Parsley – is a natural breath freshener since it is high in chlorophyll.
Citrus fruits and vegetables – provide vitamins A and C, antioxidants that are necessary for healthy teeth and gums.
Foods high in probiotics – Include kefir, natural yogurt, amasai, kimchi or sauerkraut for natural probiotics.
Foods that Cause Bad Breath
Onions and garlic – These are the biggest problematic foods for bad breath, use them in moderation while cooking and do not eat them raw.
Fried foods or other high trans fat foods – These foods take a long time to move through the digestive system therefore producing halitosis.
Sugar – Sugar is found in everything now days – so be sure to read all labels for hidden sugars including fructose and corn syrup – which should be avoided at all costs. this included sweetened beverages and fruit juices.
Recommended Natural Remedies to Help Bad Breath
1 Chlorophyll (1 tsp after meals)
Will have the same effect as eating a sprig of parsley.
2 Probiotic (15+ billion – multi-species)
if you have ever taken antibiotics then your gut flora will have been compromised. A good brand of Probiotics helps increase the amount of friendly bacteria and reduce unfriendly (gas-producing bacteria). in my Functional Medicine Practice probiotics form a vital element in treating all conditions and become part of all my patient’s and my own daily life.
3 Milk thistle (200-250 mg x2 daily)
helps improve digestion and detoxify the liver, especially in a country where alcohol and braaing form a vital part of our social culture.
4 Peppermint essential oil (1-3 drops daily)
This is a natural alternative to breath fresheners, good for your digestive system and can give breath a pleasant scent.
5 Coconut Oil Pulling (1 tbsp 5-20 minutes nightly)
This is an effective natural treatment for bad breath and general oral and overall health. refer to our Oil Pulling article for the simple how to and benefits.
The second meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP2) to the Minamata Convention on Mercury held at the United Nations International Conference Centre in Geneva
Dr Maria Theologides was invited as co-founder (with Dr Paolo Brogneri) of SAABP (the South…Read More | <urn:uuid:1858c811-69f2-4bb1-b430-e070a6df0e6f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://saabp.co.za/natural-remedies-for-bad-breath/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.92206 | 709 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Download Full Text (1.2 MB)
This is a typed description of the pediment sculpture at the new state capital building in Jackson, Mississippi. The description reads, " The Pediment is designed to typify all the arts, resources and industries of the State. The central figure, stately, majestic, seated upon a throne, her feet upon a bale of cotton and holding in her right hand the sword of empire and in her left the palm branch, is a personification of the great commonwealth of Mississippi. At her feet, close tot he bale of cotton, is the figure that represents the manufacturing industries of the state, displaying a roll of the finished fabric. The next figure, erect and intent, is science, near whom, in low relief, is the child, suggesting the future student of science. The succeeding figure is the sturdy blacksmith, with the wheel of the mechanic at his back. Seated on a low Greek settee, a sketch black in her hand, is Art, while the extended figure as the end portrays Fertility. At the left of the central figure stands Productiveness, the Horn of Plenty inverted as if to pure her abundance upon the State. The erect figure just beyond is History, behind whom in low relief, is the Indian, vanishing from the scene of action and yet forever linked with he history of Mississippi. Next in order stands the laborer, with his basket of newly picked cotton. Bending over her revolving wheel is poetry, her back turned upon the figures of two huntsmen, creeping cautiously upon their game. There all in all fourteen figures, twelve of which are high relief, the other two in low relief, the one of the child to suggest that which is to be and the one of the Indian to suggest that which has been. The Pediment was designed and modeled by Robert P. Bringhurst of St. Louis." The description is mounted on black paper.
Capitol buildings; Jackson, MS
Mississippi State University Libraries, Manuscripts Division, Lucius Marion Lampton, MD Historical Images Collection, Mississippiana Collection, Hattiesburg Sub-Collection
Mississippi State University Libraries (electronic version)
Copyright protected by Mississippi State University Libraries. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or
For more information about the contents of this collection, email sp_coll@library.Msstate.edu.
Lucius Marion Lampton, MD Historical Images Collection, Special Collections Department, Mississippi State University | <urn:uuid:39b04d5d-2483-474e-8af4-8f21be8b0d7b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/mss-lampton-images-ms-state-house/44/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.900173 | 534 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Table of Phoebe Facts
|Discovered by||William Pickering|
|Year of Discovery||1898|
|Orbit (mean distance from Saturn)||12 952 000 km|
|Radius||115 x 110 x 105 km|
|Mass||7.2 x 1018 kg|
|Mean Density (water = 1000)||1330 kgm-3|
|Rotational Period||9 hours 30 minutes|
|Orbital Period (retrograde)||550 days 11 hours|
Phoebe is different to most other moons of Saturn for a number of reasons.
- Its orbit is retrograde, meaning it orbits Saturn in the opposite direction to most of the other moons.
- The orbit does not lie in Saturn's equatorial plane, but in the ecliptic plane.
- The rotational period and orbital period are different and not phase linked. This means the face presented to Saturn is constantly changing
- The surface is relatively dark.
The conclusion from all these differences is that Phoebe is a captured asteroid, possbile belonging to the class of Centaurs. (Centaurs are Kuiper Belt objects that migrated into the inner solar system.) If this is the case then study of Phoebe could provide vital clues as to the conditions in the early history of the solar system.
There are many unanswered questions about Phoebe. The Voyager 2 images, taken from a distance of 2.2 million km, raise many more questions than answers. The moon is thought to be roughly circular with some surface feature, althought the size and scale of such features can only be guessed at. The internal structure is also a mystery. Determining this would help scientist understand more about the origins of the moon. | <urn:uuid:1ea8c544-2ad5-48b9-9dd0-dcb8f8a3843c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://sci.esa.int/web/cassini-huygens/-/35163-phoebe?inheritRedirect=true&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fsci.esa.int%3A443%2Fweb%2Fservices%2Fsearch-results%3Fp_p_id%3Dcom_liferay_portal_search_web_portlet_SearchPortlet%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26_com_liferay_portal_search_web_portlet_SearchPortlet_cur%3D6%26_com_liferay_portal_search_web_portlet_SearchPortlet_mvcPath%3D%252Fsearch.jsp%26_com_liferay_portal_search_web_portlet_SearchPortlet_entryClassName%3D%26_com_liferay_portal_search_web_portlet_SearchPortlet_keywords%3Dsaturn%2Binfrared%26_com_liferay_portal_search_web_portlet_SearchPortlet_searchPrimaryKeys%3D%26_com_liferay_portal_search_web_portlet_SearchPortlet_formDate%3D1611844820895%26_com_liferay_portal_search_web_portlet_SearchPortlet_scope%3Deverything%26_com_liferay_portal_search_web_portlet_SearchPortlet_format%3D%26_com_liferay_portal_search_web_portlet_SearchPortlet_delta%3D75%26_com_liferay_portal_search_web_portlet_SearchPortlet_resetCur%3Dfalse | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.896265 | 372 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Lingonberry Vaccinium Vitis-idaea is an evergreen perennial shrub native to Arctic tundra. Lingonberry seeds can be started indoors or outdoors, and they germinate slowly and irregularly, so germination can take up to 6-12 weeks. In different regions of the world this plant is commonly called Mountain Cranberry, Cowberry, Foxberry, Quailberry, Beaverberry, Red Whortleberry, Tyttebær, Bearberry, Lowbush Cranberry, Cougarberry, Mountain Bilberry, Partridgeberry, Redberry, and more. Lingonberry has creeping, spreading shoots and grows low to the ground forming low, dense mat of glossy, leathery bright green small leaves and blooming with clusters of white to pinkish, bell-shaped flowers that attract bees and butterflies. bears the edible, round, glossy, 5 to 12 millimeters in diameter, red fruits.
Lingonberry is often grown as an ornamental ground cover.
Height: 6 Inches
Bloom Season: Spring/Summer
Environment: Sun/Partial Shade
Soil Type: Average/Poor/Moist well-drained, pH 4.5-5
USDA Zones: 2-7
Sow Indoors: Winter/Spring (8-14 weeks before last frost)
Sow Outdoors: Fall
Seed Depth: 1/8-1/4 Inch
Germination Time: 6-12 Weeks | <urn:uuid:0987121d-bf15-4920-86ae-e339eb99e367> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://seedterra.com/lingonberry-non-gmo-seeds---vaccinium-vitis-idaea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.842483 | 309 | 3.046875 | 3 |
15 years to life – these terms evoke fear amongst the people, and for good reason. They are the quintessential maximum sentences handed down by the judge to the convicted criminal who has committed a heinous crime. But what do they really mean? Are they something to be feared or do they provide a sense of relief to the society that justice has been served? Let’s dig deeper and understand the significance of these terms in the world of law.
15 years to life means that the convicted criminal will spend a minimum of fifteen years in prison before becoming eligible for parole. It’s a sentence that is reserved for the most serious of crimes – homicide, murder or a repeat offense, amongst others. This sentence signifies that the crime committed by the person is so grave that they cannot be released on parole before serving fifteen years and may never be released at all. However, it’s important to note that each case is unique, and the exact length of the sentence may vary depending on the circumstances of the crime.
The question of what does 15 years to life mean is not straightforward and can have several legal and ethical implications. On one hand, it’s a sentence crafted to punish those who have committed the most severe crimes and ensure they are not released prematurely. On the other hand, it raises concerns regarding the effectiveness of the legal system, the possibility of rehabilitation, and the human rights of the convicted criminal. Regardless of which side of the fence you stand on, the implications of this sentence cannot be ignored – it’s a sentence that has the power to change the course of someone’s life forever.
Definition of 15 years to life sentence
A 15 years to life sentence, also known as an indeterminate sentence, is a type of punishment where the convicted person must serve a minimum of 15 years in prison before becoming eligible for parole. However, this does not guarantee release as the sentence can extend to a lifetime imprisonment if the parole board determines that the individual is still a threat to society or has not made enough progress towards their rehabilitation goals.
In some states, this type of sentence is used for serious crimes such as first-degree murder, when a mandatory life sentence may not seem justifiable, as it allows the court and parole board to review the offender’s progress towards rehabilitation before considering their release. This sentence provides a balance between accountability and rehabilitation.
Here are some facts regarding 15 years to life sentences:
- After serving the minimum of 15 years, the offender can petition the parole board for release but still needs to be approved and may have to wait years longer before becoming eligible again if denied.
- The parole board considers several factors before approving release, such as the offender’s remorse, acceptance of responsibility, participation in therapy and rehabilitation programs, and likelihood to reoffend.
- The judge has the discretion to determine the minimum and maximum number of years of imprisonment for this sentence, with the maximum usually being for life.
Comparison of 15 Years to Life Sentence to Other Types of Sentences
When it comes to criminal sentencing, there are various options that judges can choose from depending on the severity of the crime committed. Here are some of the types of sentences that judges can impose:
- Probation: A period of supervised release where the offender is required to follow certain conditions and rules set by the court.
- Fines: A monetary penalty for committing a crime, which has to be paid to the government or a victim.
- Imprisonment: A sentence that requires the offender to serve a certain amount of time in jail or prison.
- Life without Parole: This sentence means that the offender will spend the rest of their life behind bars, without the possibility of release or parole.
- Death Penalty: In some states, the death penalty can be imposed for certain crimes, which means that the offender will be executed.
Compared to these other sentences, a 15 years to life sentence falls somewhere in between imprisonment and life without parole. It means that the offender will be required to serve a minimum of 15 years in prison, but after that period, they may become eligible for parole, depending on the state laws and the outcome of parole hearings. If granted parole, they would be released from prison, but would remain on parole for the remainder of their life.
However, it is important to note that in some cases, a 15 years to life sentence may not necessarily mean that the offender will be released after 15 years. This is because parole boards are generally cautious in granting parole to violent offenders, especially those who have committed crimes such as murder or sexual assault.
Moreover, the conditions of parole can be very strict, and any violation of those conditions could lead to the offender being sent back to prison. This is why many offenders prefer to serve out their entire sentence rather than risk going back to prison for a violation.
While a 15 years to life sentence may seem like a less severe punishment compared to life without parole, it is still a very serious sentence that can have significant implications for the offender’s life and future. It is important to understand the gravity of this sentence and how it compares to other types of sentences in order to fully appreciate the consequences of criminal actions.
States with 15 years to life sentence as a maximum penalty
When someone is sentenced to prison with a 15 years to life sentence, they are looking at a minimum of 15 years imprisonment with a possibility of parole after those 15 years have been served. However, the actual length of time served is ultimately determined by the state laws and the specific case circumstances. Generally, this sentence is reserved for serious offenses like murder, attempted murder, or kidnapping.
- California: In California, a 15 years to life sentence is given to those convicted of second-degree murder. However, the actual amount of time served can vary based on factors such as good behavior, rehabilitation efforts, and a parole board’s decision.
- New York: In New York, a 15 years to life sentence is given to those convicted of either first-degree murder or second-degree murder, with second-degree murder conviction carrying the possibility of parole after 15 years served.
- Ohio: In Ohio, a 15 years to life sentence is given to those convicted of aggravated murder, with the possibility of parole after 20, 25, or 30 years depending on case specifics.
It’s important to note that these are just a few examples of states that have a 15 years to life sentence as a maximum penalty. Each state has its own set of laws and specific circumstances that may change the sentencing guidelines, making it difficult to generalize the maximum sentence years. However, these examples help to illustrate how serious a 15 years to life sentence is and how important it is to consult with an experienced criminal defense attorney if you or anyone you know is facing a potential sentence.
Below is a table summarizing the states with a 15 years to life sentence as a possible penalty for certain offenses:
|New York||First-degree murder or Second-degree murder|
Having a clear understanding of the potential sentences for various offenses can help to deter negative behavior and result in better-informed decisions. It’s essential to consult with an expert criminal defense attorney if you or anyone you know is facing a possible sentence, as each case is unique, and an experienced attorney can provide the guidance and support necessary to navigate the legal system successfully.
Offenses that can lead to a 15 years to life sentence
In the United States, a 15 years to life sentence is typically given for serious crimes such as murder, manslaughter, rape, kidnapping, aggravated assault, or certain drug offenses. A judge or jury will consider several factors when deciding to impose a sentence of 15 years to life, including the severity of the crime, the offender’s criminal history, and the potential danger the offender poses to society.
Offenses that can lead to a 15 years to life sentence
- Murder: Intentional killing or death caused during another crime, such as robbery or burglary.
- Manslaughter: Causing someone’s death without the intent to kill through reckless behavior or criminal negligence.
- Rape: Non-consensual sexual intercourse with someone using physical force or the threat of force.
Offenses that can lead to a 15 years to life sentence
Other serious crimes that may result in a 15 years to life sentence include kidnapping, aggravated assault, or certain drug offenses. Kidnapping involves the unlawful taking or confinement of another person, usually for ransom or another criminal purpose. Aggravated assault is a more severe form of assault that involves serious physical harm or the use of a deadly weapon. Certain drug offenses such as drug trafficking or manufacturing can also result in a 15 years to life sentence.
It is important to note that sentencing laws vary by state, and the specific offenses that can lead to a 15 years to life sentence may differ. Additionally, mitigating factors such as cooperation with law enforcement or a plea deal may result in a lesser sentence.
Offenses that can lead to a 15 years to life sentence
A table outlining specific offenses and their potential sentences in California, a state known for its strict sentencing laws:
|Murder||15 years to life or death penalty|
|Kidnapping||15 years to life if victim suffers serious bodily injury or is under 14 years old|
|Rape||15 years to life if victim is a minor|
|Drug Trafficking||15 years to life with mandatory minimum sentence of 25 years for certain amounts and types of drugs|
It is important to consult with an attorney or legal professional for specific information regarding sentencing laws and potential sentences.
Requirement for parole eligibility under a 15 years to life sentence
When a defendant is sentenced to 15 years to life in prison, it means that they must serve a minimum of 15 years in prison before they are eligible for parole. However, this does not guarantee that they will be granted parole after they become eligible. The decision whether or not to grant parole is up to the parole board and is based on a variety of factors, including the nature of the crime, the defendant’s behavior while in prison, and the risk of reoffending if they were to be released.
- The defendant must first serve the minimum term of their sentence before becoming eligible for parole
- The parole board will then review the case and determine if the defendant should be granted parole
- If the defendant is granted parole, they will be released from prison but will remain under supervision and must follow strict guidelines and conditions
The process of becoming eligible for parole can be challenging. In addition to serving the minimum term of their sentence, the defendant must also demonstrate that they have been rehabilitated and are no longer a danger to society. This can be done through participating in educational and vocational programs, attending counseling and therapy sessions, and maintaining good behavior while in prison.
It is also important to note that not all defendants who are eligible for parole will be granted it. The parole board carefully considers the nature of the crime and the defendant’s behavior while in prison, among other factors, before making a decision. Even if the defendant is granted parole, they must still follow strict guidelines and conditions, and any violation of those conditions could result in their parole being revoked and them being sent back to prison.
|Factors Considered by the Parole Board||Description|
|Nature of the Crime||The severity and violent nature of the crime committed by the defendant|
|Defendant’s Behavior in Prison||The defendant’s conduct while in prison, including their participation in rehabilitation programs and any instances of disciplinary action|
|Risk of Reoffending||The likelihood that the defendant will commit another crime if released from prison|
Overall, the requirement for parole eligibility under a 15 years to life sentence is that the defendant must serve a minimum of 15 years in prison before becoming eligible for parole. However, even if they are granted parole, they must continue to follow strict guidelines and conditions, and any violation of those conditions could result in their parole being revoked and them being sent back to prison.
Recidivism rates of offenders released under a 15 years to life sentence
Recidivism refers to the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend. It is a major concern for law enforcement agencies and society as a whole. When it comes to offenders released under a 15 years to life sentence, recidivism rates have been a subject of debate for many years. Here is an in-depth explanation of what research reveals about these rates:
- According to the National Institute of Justice, 33% of prisoners released under a life sentence are rearrested within three years.
- A 2018 report from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation revealed that 46% of offenders released under a life sentence in California recidivated within ten years.
- The same report shows that violent offenses were the most common type of crime committed by offenders who recidivated, with 18% of these crimes being homicides.
These high rates of recidivism highlight the need for effective rehabilitation programs and support systems for offenders who are released back into society after serving a 15 years to life sentence. Examples of successful rehabilitation programs include education and vocational training, counseling, and drug treatment. Without these initiatives, released offenders may struggle to reintegrate into society and may have a higher risk of reoffending.
It is also essential to note that recidivism rates may vary depending on various factors, including the offender’s age, history of violence, and access to support systems. These variables influence the likelihood of reoffending and need to be considered when assessing recidivism rates.
|Recidivism Rates||Years after Release|
In conclusion, recidivism rates of offenders released under a 15 years to life sentence are a significant concern. Effective rehabilitation programs and support systems remain critical in reducing these rates and helping offenders reintegrate into society successfully.
Death Penalty vs. 15 Years to Life Sentence
One of the most debated legal issues around the world is the difference between death penalty and a sentence of 15 years to life imprisonment. Both of these punishments have their own share of pros and cons, depending on the situation and the jurisdiction of the crime. Let’s examine the differences between these two punitive measures:
- Irreversibility: The most significant difference between the two is that the death penalty is irreversible, whereas a sentence of 15 years to life can be reversed through an appeal if new evidence comes to light.
- Severity: The death penalty is considered to be a more severe punishment as it takes away a person’s life, whereas imprisonment for 15 years to life continues to give the person a chance to redeem themselves and become a better part of society.
- Deterrent value: Some studies suggest that the death penalty has a higher deterrence value than a 15-year imprisonment. However, there are also studies that suggest that it has little to no effect on crime rates.
Death penalty cases tend to be more expensive than cases where the convict is sentenced to 15 years of life. The reason for this is that death penalty cases have a more extensive and lengthy appeals process since it is a capital punishment case. This frequently results in a lengthier period of time that someone can spend on death row, which is the period between the conviction and the death sentence execution. As a result, death penalty cases require additional resources from the criminal justice system that can be more costly.
Moreover, the 15 years to life sentence provides an opportunity for rehabilitation for the convict. They have a chance to work, learn a skill, and become a productive member of society. On the other hand, the death penalty provides no opportunity for the convict to redeem themselves. It should also be recognized that some people believe that life in prison without the possibility of parole is an alternative to the death penalty that serves the same function.
|Death Penalty||15 Years to Life Sentence|
|Irreversible||Possible to reverse through appeal|
|More severe punishment||Allows possibility of rehabilitation|
|No opportunity for redemption||Potential for redemption and reintroduction into society|
It is vital to remember that the sentencing of these punitive measures depends on the jurisdiction of the crime. In some states or countries, there is no death penalty as a sentencing option. Similarly, some countries or states do not offer 15 years to life in prison, with life imprisonment being the only option.
Overall, the debate between the two sentences is ongoing and highly subjective. Ultimately, the decision between the two sentencing options depends on the severity of the crime committed, the influence of public opinion, and the perspective of the judge and jury in the case.
Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities in Sentencing to 15 Years to Life
In the United States, 15 years to life is a sentence commonly associated with crimes such as murder, attempted murder, and voluntary manslaughter. This means that an individual can potentially serve anywhere from 15 years to life in prison depending on the severity of their crime and the jurisdiction they are in. However, there are often significant socioeconomic and racial disparities in sentencing for these crimes.
According to research, individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to receive longer prison sentences compared to their higher income counterparts for similar offenses. This is due to a variety of factors such as limited access to quality legal representation, mandatory minimum sentences, and bias within the criminal justice system. Additionally, people of color are also more likely to receive harsher sentences compared to white defendants, even when controlling for factors such as prior offenses and severity of the crime.
- Research has found that Black individuals are more likely to receive sentences at the high end of the sentencing range compared to white individuals for similar offenses.
- Studies have also shown that Latinx individuals are more likely to receive prison sentences than white or Black defendants, but less likely to receive the maximum sentence within their sentencing range.
- Asian Americans have been found to receive shorter sentences compared to white individuals for similar offenses.
It is important to note that these disparities are not solely due to the actions of individual judges or prosecutors, but rather are a result of systemic issues within the criminal justice system. In order to address these injustices, it is necessary to implement comprehensive reforms such as addressing mandatory minimum sentences, increasing access to quality legal representation for all defendants regardless of income, and implementing bias training for all criminal justice professionals.
To illustrate the extent of these socioeconomic and racial disparities in sentencing, the table below provides data on the average sentence length for murder offenses in the U.S. broken down by race and ethnicity.
|Race/Ethnicity||Average Sentence Length for Murder|
|Asian American||11.6 years|
As can be seen from this data, there are significant racial and ethnic disparities in sentencing even for the same offense. It is crucial that steps are taken to address these disparities and ensure that all individuals are receiving fair and just sentences regardless of their background.
Impact of 15 years to life sentence on families of offenders
Getting a 15 years to life sentence can have a significant impact on the lives of the families of the offenders. It’s a long sentence which means that they will be leaving their families behind for an extended period. This can take a toll on both the offender and their loved ones and can result in several negative consequences.
- Emotional distress: The families of the offenders are the ones left behind to cope with the situation. They might harbor feelings of sadness, frustration, and anger. These intense emotions can hurt their mental health and can leave a long-lasting impact on their wellbeing.
- Financial burden: With their loved ones serving such a long sentence, the families have to bear extra financial burden. They have to fend for themselves and take care of their expenses. Often, it results in them taking up additional jobs or working overtime to put food on the table.
- Relationship strains: Long sentences lead to strained relationships between the offender and their families. Due to distance and limited communication, they are unable to express their affection towards each other. Moreover, it can lead to misunderstandings and trust issues.
Furthermore, studies have shown that such long sentences don’t reduce the crime rate. Instead, it harms families and has little impact on reducing the number of crimes committed. It’s high time we introduce alternate solutions that focus on the rehabilitation of offenders rather than simply punishing them.
It’s never easy for any family to witness their loved ones get convicted, especially when the sentence is as hefty as 15 years to life. Families go through tough times and the negative consequences of such sentences are never limited to the offenders alone. Instead, it also takes a toll on their loved ones. It’s important to understand such situations and strive to bring about a better change in the criminal justice system.
Controversy surrounding the use of 15 years to life as a sentencing option.
The use of 15 years to life as a sentencing option has been a matter of debate for many years. Critics argue that this sentence option is too harsh, while others believe that it does not go far enough in punishing serious offenders.
Here are some of the most commonly cited controversies surrounding 15 years to life as a sentencing option:
- Disproportionate impact on marginalized communities: The use of mandatory minimums and other harsh sentencing options has been shown to disproportionately affect marginalized communities, including people of color and those with lower incomes. This has led to concerns that 15 years to life may be used unfairly against people in these populations.
- Arbitrary nature of the sentence: Supporters of 15 years to life argue that it provides a consistent sentence for serious offenders. However, critics argue that the sentence is arbitrary and does not take into account the unique circumstances of each case.
- Effectiveness as a deterrent: Some argue that 15 years to life does not effectively deter crime, as many offenders may believe they will not be caught or that they can negotiate a plea deal for a lesser sentence.
Despite these controversies, there is no doubt that 15 years to life remains a popular option for prosecutors seeking to punish serious offenders. In fact, many states have recently increased mandatory minimum sentences for certain crimes, indicating a trend towards harsher sentencing options.
Here is a table summarizing some of the key features of 15 years to life as a sentencing option:
|Consistent sentence for serious offenders||May disproportionately affect marginalized communities|
|May provide some deterrent effect||Can be seen as arbitrary and unfair|
|Popular option for prosecutors||Does not take into account unique circumstances of each case|
Overall, the controversy surrounding the use of 15 years to life as a sentencing option is likely to continue for many years to come, as society grapples with the appropriate way to deal with serious criminal offenses.
What Does 15 Years to Life Mean? FAQs
1. What does “15 years to life” mean?
“15 years to life” is a term used in legal sentencing that means a person will be sentenced to 15 years in prison, and then will be eligible for parole after serving that time. However, if the person is not granted parole, they may remain in prison for the rest of their life.
2. Can a person be sentenced to less than 15 years?
Yes, a judge may decide to sentence a person to a shorter amount of time, depending on the circumstances of the crime and the defendant’s criminal history.
3. How is the parole decision made?
The decision to grant parole is made by a parole board, who will determine if the person is eligible for release and if they are not a threat to society.
4. What happens if someone violates their parole?
If a person violates their parole, they may be sent back to prison to serve the remainder of their sentence.
5. What does “life” mean in this context?
When a person is sentenced to “life,” it means they will remain in prison for the rest of their natural life, unless they are granted parole.
6. Can a person ever be released if they are sentenced to life in prison?
In some cases, a person who is sentenced to life in prison may be eligible for parole after serving a certain amount of time, depending on the laws in their state and the circumstances of their case.
7. Is a “15 years to life” sentence common?
The frequency of “15 years to life” sentences varies depending on the jurisdiction and the nature of the crime. It is not uncommon for individuals who commit serious crimes to receive this type of sentence.
Thank you for taking the time to learn more about what “15 years to life” means in the context of legal sentencing. While it may seem complicated, understanding these terms can help individuals navigate the criminal justice system. We hope that this article has been informative and helpful. Please visit us again soon for more articles on a variety of topics. | <urn:uuid:8917823a-0e98-4c02-8d22-24a0fda6b17c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://selebriti.cloud/en/what-does-15-years-to-life-mean/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.950809 | 5,114 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Also known as Tetawo, the Tanema language is again only spoken by one person, Lainol Nalo, on the island of Vanikoro, in the easternmost province of the Solomon Islands. The population of the island is around 150, most of whom speak the related language of Tetau and speak some Tanema as a second language. Nov 12, 2020
Can Duolingo make you fluent?
Can Duolingo make me fluent? Research shows that Duolingo is an effective way to learn a language! But the truth is that no single course, app, method, or book can help you reach all your language goals. Aug 3, 2022
How many hours a day should you study a language?
For most people, around 30 minutes of active study and 1 hour of language exposure a day is a schedule that will give you great results. It’s a model that’s sustainable over a long period to help you reach fluency. Jan 16, 2018
What is basic language learning?
It includes the four basic language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing; these skills are usually learnt in that order by anyone who wants to learn a new language. Apr 24, 2018
What is the most important part of language learning?
Speaking – It is learning to speak English why probably every person in the world starts learning it, and we agree, speaking is probably the most important aspect of learning a language. It allows you to communicate with different people, express your thoughts freely, and become an active member of a new community.
What are the five rules of language?
Language is ordered into five systems of rules: phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
What is structure of language?
Language Structures refer to sentence-level comprehension of text, including how the arrangement of words within sentences impacts the meaning. While vocabulary supports readers’ understanding of individual word meanings, language structure understanding helps readers interpret the meaning of full sentences.
What are the 6 components of language?
In the broadest definition, oral language consists of six areas: phonology, grammar, morphology, vocabulary, discourse, and pragmatics. The acquisition of these skills often begins at a young age, before students begin focusing on print-based concepts such as sound-symbol correspondence and decoding. Mar 8, 2018
What are the 4 systems that make up language?
Language is made up of systems and skills. The four systems of language are grammar, vocabulary, phonology and discourse. The UCLES English proficiency exams explicitly test the four skills and also two systems, grammar and vocabulary.
What are the 7 language levels?
‘Levels’ of Language The Sounds/Letters Level. The Grammatical Level. The Meaning Level: Lexis, Semantics and Pragmatics. The Meaning Level Again: Pragmatics. The Meaning Level Again: Intertextual Relations.
What are the 3 levels of language?
Language levels are generally divided into three main stages: Beginner. Intermediate. Advanced.
What is the most important language skill?
Employers say that the most important language skill is reading (in 12 industries) and then speaking (in eight industries). Reading in English is important for developing professional knowledge. It’s the language most often used in international publications, contracts and instructions.
How do you develop language skills?
7 Ways to Quickly Improve Your English Language Skills Watch movies in English. … Immerse yourself in English language news. … Start a vocabulary book of useful words. … Have conversations in English. … Practice, practice, practice. … Curiosity doesn’t always kill the cat. … Don’t forget to have fun while you learn.
Will reading help me communicate better?
There is a strong relationship between reading and speaking skills. Reading contributes, amongst other things, to vocabulary building, accuracy in the use of grammar, and enhances the ability to spontaneously speak and communicate verbally.
What makes effective communication?
For communication to be effective, it must be clear, correct, complete, concise, and compassionate. We consider these to be the 5 C’s of communication, though they may vary depending on who you’re asking. Aug 16, 2022
What are the characteristics of good language learner?
Characteristics of a Good Language Learner. They Take Charge of Their Learning. They’re Organized, Physically and Mentally. They’re Creative. They Practice. They don’t get frustrated. They use memory strategies. They learn from mistakes. More items…
How do you motivate students to learn a language?
Here are three strategies for motivating ESL students. Trigger Their Interests. Make English learning personal. … Integrate Fun Activities and Technology. Games and fun activities offer several benefits to students. … Encourage Language Experiences Outside of the Classroom.
What are the 3 domains of learning?
The three domains of learning are cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. There are a variety of methods in professional development events to engage the different learning domains. Effective professional development events, such as webinars, should follow adult learning principles to engage learners.
What are 3 examples of learning?
Everyone processes and learns new information in different ways. There are three main cognitive learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic.
What are the types of language games?
Free language learning games Charades. Charades is a pantomime game you can play using just your face and body. … Bingo. You can use the popular game of Bingo by using cards in the language you’re learning. … Pictionary. Pictionary is similar to charades, except clues are drawn. … Matching game. … Spaceman. … Name that item. Oct 25, 2022 | <urn:uuid:0f2f6684-d828-4dfc-84c6-b528c89785b9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://selfgrowthresources.com/what-is-the-least-spoken-language-in-the-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.921315 | 1,205 | 2.9375 | 3 |
One of the biggest fears of being a horse owner is to find out that your horse has colic. The term colic itself is quite vague and covers a wide range range of gastrointestinal conditions. The severity of your horse colic can vary greatly and can range anywhere from mild discomfort to a life threatening condition. Every horse has the ability to experience colic.
Horses have a complicated digestive system and the risk of colic can be increased by a variety of factors. However there are lots of treatment options available and simple steps that you can take to reduce the risk.
Types of Horse Colic
Spasmodic Colic: This is the most common form of horse colic. Spasmodic Colic results manifests as intestinal cramps or spasms.
Gas Colic: Gas colic is an excessive build up of gas in the intestine of a horse
Twisted Gut: A particularly serious form of colic that is often life threatening.. Occurs when a part of the intestine twists on itself
Impaction Colic: Occurs when feed or food builds in the intestine and causes a blockage which can prevent the horse from passing dung.
Sand Colic: Horses living in sandy areas are more at risk of this one. Fine sand can build in the gut and result in Colic
Displacement/Entrapment Colic: Displacements occur when an area of the intestine moves from its normal location in the abdominal cavity to somewhere else,
Strangulation Colic: This form of colic occurs when the blood supply to an area of intestines is cut off.
Symptoms of Colic in Horses
The sings of horse colic are non specific and depend on the type of colic that the horse may have. Keep an eye out for unusual body language in your horse. The classic signs of colic are pawing and looking at their stomach but often the signs are much more subtle. If you suspect that your horse has colic you should waste no time in contacting the vet. More issues or a mild colic can quickly become severe if left untreated for a prolonged period. Here are some of the most well known signs of colic:
- Pawing the ground
- Lying on their back
- Persistent looking at/kicking of flank
- Excessive tail swishing
- Loss of appetite
- Uncharacteristic dullness
- Repeatedly lying down and throwing themselves to the ground
- Excessive Rolling
- Sweating excessively
- Bloodshot eyes
- Increased breathing rate
In order to treat colic effectively it is important to first diagnose the type of colic from which the horse is suffering. Once the vet has examined the horse and confirmed the presence of colic they may recommend one or a number of the following treatments.
Pain Relief : Just like humans, pain relief is the first form of treatment for colic. Pain relief on its own may be sufficient if the vet thinks that the colic will resolve itself on its own.
Surgery: In cases such as twisted gut and strangulation surgical intervention is often the only option. The decision to do surgery will depend on a number of factors such as the horses age and ability to recover.
Antispasmodics: Used to treat Spasmodic Colic. Some horses have over-active spasming intestines and this medicine can help reduce occurrences of this condition.
Laxatives: Laxatives may be prescribed in order to help a horse pass dung. This is usually done if a horse is suspected of having Impaction Colic
- Feed your horse on a regular schedule (including weekends and holidays)
- Ensure that your horses get adequate exercise. This helps them to better digest their food and is good for their overall health.
- Avoid making sudden changes to their diet. Slowly introduce a new food or feed
- Ensure an adequate supply of clean fresh water.
- Ensure a correct balance of forage in their diet
- If possible try to discourage eating feed from ground to reduce amount of sand ingestion
- Conduct regular dental check ups to ensure that they can chew properly | <urn:uuid:adf3484f-f3ce-4808-95ed-436a67a8696d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://seriouslyequestrian.com/horse-colic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.947719 | 847 | 2.71875 | 3 |
In the UK World Book Day is on 5th March… so, if you are in the UK you may see lots of school children dressed up as their favourite character, celebrating everything to do with the magical power of books and reading! You don’t have to dress up…well, you can if you want to, but you should be reading… and I’m going to tell you why!
1. Improves your vocabulary
It’s a great way to IMPROVE YOUR VOCABULARY! You can discover lots of new words or you may have a lot of passive vocabulary that you want to activate. You may want to extend your knowledge of word forms by looking at prefixes and suffixes or look at synonyms, antonyms, parallel expressions – very important for exams! Of course, new vocabulary isn’t limited to single words, reading gives you access to a whole world of word combinations in collocations, fixed phrases and idiomatic phrases.
2. Builds Conversational Skills
It’s good for your CONVERSATIONAL SKILLS. Knowing more vocabulary means that you can express your thoughts and opinions with greater clarity and depth, share ideas or simply do more things! And if you choose texts that are more informal, contemporary or conversational there will be lots of everyday vocabulary and functional language that you can take away and use!
3. Make you better at listening
It can help your LISTENING. Reading and listening at the same time is a wonderful way to improve your English and there are many ways you can do this. Graded audio readers enable you to work at a fluency level you feel comfortable with, while encouraging you to “keep up” with the reader of the text. Many publishers produce these books, for example: Oxford Bookworms, Penguin readers, Black Cat, Macmillan etc., but you should also look at BBC 6 Minute English (aimed at B1 level, but useful for ALL levels).
Another great resource is Ted Talks where there is a huge selection of videos that you can watch, listen to and read at the same time. With Ted Talks you can choose the duration of the talk too – there are lots of talks from 0- 6 minutes. So, both of these are perfect if you only have 10 minutes free time! You can also check out our guide to the best podcasts for English learners here, for more resources.
4. It can help with pronunciation!
Reading is good for your PRONUNCIATION – yes, you read it correctly! Reading out loud is not just for primary school children, and it is especially good if you have a “model” to follow. It doesn’t have to be a long text – a sentence or a short paragraph is enough to begin with. Use audio readers and 6 Minute English as a reference point and focus on stress patterns in words and within sentences, intonation, where the pauses are. Think about the words that give meaning to your listener (Content words). Record yourself – a good use of your smartphone – and see how you compare to the original, then make any necessary changes to your pronunciation and listen again to how much better you sound!
5. Grammar! Grammar! Grammar!
It helps to improve your GRAMMAR! Think about it…when you are reading you are absorbing all the forms of English that you don’t usually like dealing with. You can highlight different verb forms (along with the different words that give the “content” of English: nouns, adjectives, adverbs) and you can highlight the “grammar” words (auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, pronouns, articles, prepositions, conjunctions etc.). Then you can look at how the words work together forming patterns and chunks of language which you can record together in your notebooks.
6. Improves your writing skills
Using a sentence, paragraph or text as a model you can also improve your WRITING SKILLS as they provide a framework for you to copy and add to. Thinking about sentence structure from the word up – to a simple subject + verb structure and on to complex sentences and beyond. As with grammar look at chunks of language (vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation). You can then practise what you have learnt on writeandimprove.com – this is a Cambridge University website that checks and grades you work according to the CEFR (A1-C2), as well as giving feedback to help you improve. | <urn:uuid:8fbbd6b1-5feb-454e-922f-94125ddfe94e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://severnvale.co.uk/6-ways-reading-can-improve-your-english-skills/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.924072 | 933 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Studying in 10th Standard… Why is Coding Important?
There are several reasons why you as a 10th standard student should develop an attitude towards learning coding skills. This is a major demand today as you leave school. It is a valuable skill to study. Why start coding in 10th class? Increase your focus in all areas of studies. Want to know fun stuff about coding that will blow your mind?
Siddhartha Public School presents solid motives attracting coding for 10th standard students. Even junior students are encouraged to take up programing lessons and interesting projects like creating new games or mobile apps.
Link Between Coding and Academic Performance
- If you already know friends developing coding skills, it is not a surprise to understand its connection to Maths. It is a great way to grasp abstract concepts and increase grades in this subject. What’s more, with coding, problem solving is simpler.
- Your handwriting mends as coding scripts involve planning and jotting down things. It directly impacts memory retention of lessons in class. Is it not great to remember everything before exams?
- Experiments involve failure and success. Get the confidence to tackle situations and discover solutions.
- Team up with friends for better results. Communicate effectively, enjoy being creative with new ideas and explore your environment.
- There are challenges to overcome. Coding involves debugging and you get a chance to know how to make a project work!
Your path to the Future
As computer programming progresses, it paves the way for you to specialize in various technological areas. This year many summer camps will introduce students to the digital benefits of computing. After passing out from the 10th standard you will have several advantages.
- Following 2021, young coders are likely to be in big demand.
- As competition heats up, explore advanced programs to gain an edge.
- Collaborate with others and build projects for internships in companies.
- Map out your career with trending skills.
- Attend virtual classes and get acquainted with apps which can be designed and created.
Computer Science is Valuable
Certain things cannot be studied in the school as they are not a part of the syllabus. But we choose to extend our efforts to help 10th standard students to gain more knowledge. Learn coding at your own pace. As you qualify and become eligible for higher studies, improve overall performance in several other areas. Imagine dragging and dropping various drawings or images or even creating animation. Is it not amazing to do programming in a language of your choice? This is what coding is all about. There are many free and paid classes online to get acquainted with programs for school kids. Like many other 10th standard students, login and register for some classes. This is one thing that parents and teachers approve of beyond academics.
PS: If you have an idea for a game, code it and share it with friends online. It’s all interactive and exciting and satisfying. Hopefully, now you will make enquiries to join a course or a program and develop this skill. | <urn:uuid:da0e0473-c101-4a14-8e71-9750f95fe424> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://siddharthapublicschools.com/blog/why-is-coding-important/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.944521 | 623 | 3.53125 | 4 |
They Talk To Each Other in Spanish
Expanding your language skills to include specific phrases in Spanish is valuable for effective communication and understanding. In this article, we will explore the translation of the phrase “They talk to each other” in Spanish, along with its usage and context.
Translation: Ellos se hablan
The translation of “They talk to each other” in Spanish is “Ellos se hablan.” This phrase accurately conveys the idea of reciprocal communication between multiple individuals.
Context and Usage
The phrase “Ellos se hablan” is commonly used when describing communication between two or more people. It indicates that there is a mutual exchange of words or conversation happening among the individuals. Here are a few examples to illustrate its usage:”They talk to each other every day.” – “Ellos se hablan todos los días.””During the meeting, they talked to each other about the project.” – “Durante la reunión, ellos se hablaron sobre el proyecto.””Even though they had an argument, they still talk to each other.” – “A pesar de haber tenido una discusión, ellos aún se hablan.”In these examples, the phrase “Ellos se hablan” is used to express that there is a communication exchange happening between the individuals mentioned. It emphasizes the reciprocal nature of their conversation or interaction.
Knowing how to say “They talk to each other” as “Ellos se hablan” in Spanish allows you to effectively communicate the idea of reciprocal communication between multiple individuals. Whether you are discussing relationships, teamwork, or social interactions, incorporating this phrase into your Spanish vocabulary will enhance your language skills and facilitate clearer communication with native Spanish speakers. By expressing the concept of individuals talking to each other in Spanish, you can actively engage in conversations about communication dynamics and relationships, fostering better understanding and connection with Spanish-speaking individuals.
Spanish To Chinese Translator
Mis in Spanish To English | <urn:uuid:41f4baa7-56f5-414c-b457-8b5c7bd4beb9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://spanishtogo.app/they-talk-to-each-other-in-spanish/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.886833 | 450 | 3.6875 | 4 |
In this lesson you will learn how to properly summarize an article in English.
- Pick a topic of interest & find a related article/blog
- Read the article/blog & circle 10 words
- Write the definitions & the sentences from the article/blog
- Change out the words but keep the same sentence
- Find 1 image to match each word from the article/blog
- Make sentences about the images using the vocab word
- Review the images and say the sentences
Now if you want even more details and more examples on how to answer any question in English, then you must get your How To Make Long Sentences in English e-book today. Through this ebook you will learn how to answer any question in English and also how to make long sentences in English. Keep learning and go to speakenglishwithtiffani.com/howtoebooks today. | <urn:uuid:f31c3afe-fcc6-4106-8758-eb1f8f55ae21> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://speakenglishwithtiffani.com/how-to-improve-your-english-vocabulary-in-7-days/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.878844 | 180 | 3.53125 | 4 |
The Blue Rider, Wassily Kandinsky, 1903
A small figure in a blue-hooded cloak gallops through a green meadow on a white horse like a character escaping from a Romantic opera. The Blue Rider is one of Kandinsky’s most important early expressionist paintings, a painting that gave its name to a whole art movement. The horse has a red bridle and the rider seems to be cradling something in his arms. Perhaps a child. The blue of his cloak is reflected in the shadows on the hillside. In the distance it occurs again between the fringe of trees to suggest depth and mystery. In German folklore the forest traditionally stood for the unconscious. As the trees are golden it is, probably, autumn. The white trunks suggest silver birch. It is an enigmatic painting open to a myriad interpretations.
Born in Moscow, the son of a rich tea merchant, Kandinsky spent most of his childhood in Odessa, subsequently studying law at Moscow University. As an artist he was influenced by the writings of the controversial Russian spiritualist Helena Blavatsky (1831-91), co-founder of the Theosophical Society, a quasi-religious sect that claims all creation is a geometrical progression expressed by a series of circles, triangles and squares. Kandinsky was fascinated by colour, saying that his childhood memories of Moscow were of the sun melting “into a single patch of colour: pistachio-green, flame-red house, churches – each colour a song in its own right”. These ‘patches’ recur time and again in his work. Kandinsky painted The Blue Rider before he turned fully to abstraction but it already indicates mood and movement through the use of colour rather than precise details. He wrote that he wanted to: “dissolved objects … so that they might not all be recognised at once and so that emotional overtones might thus be experienced gradually by the spectator”.
Blue, for Kandinsky, as for his fellow painter Franz Marc, was the colour of spirituality, just as it had been for medieval painters to whom it had represented heaven. The denser the blue, the more it awakened a desire for the eternal, according to his 1911 writings On the Spiritual in Art. “Every work of art is the child of its time”, he wrote, and “pure” artists wanted, above all, to capture “the inner essence of things”. In this painting the rider appears to be escaping the autumnal landscape – the past – carrying the infant into a new and uncertain future on a horse that represents power, freedom and pleasure. As the Austrian critic and writer on Expressionism, Herman Bahr, wrote in 1914: “All that we experience is but the strenuous battle between the soul and the machine for the possession of man. We no longer live, we are lived, we have no freedom left, we may not decide for ourselves, we are finished.” The Blue Rider might, therefore, be read as a metaphor for a different sort of creativity, a symbol of the artist traveling beyond realistic representation towards a cultural rebirth. | <urn:uuid:92a2d3f0-b589-432c-aab8-6707955aa53e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://suehubbard.com/the-blue-rider/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.970403 | 648 | 3.25 | 3 |
What are meta tags? A meta tag is a tag (that is, a coding statement) in the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that describes some aspect of the contents of a Web page. Meta tag are information inserted into the "head" area of your web pages.
Meta information in this area is used to communicate information that a human visitor may not be concerned with. Meta tags can tell a browser what "character set" to use. Meta elements can be used to specify page description, keywords and any other metadata not provided through the other head elements and attributes.
The information that you provide in a meta tag is used by search engines to index a page so that someone searching for the kind of information the page contains will be able to find it. Below is the step to add the Meta Tag to your web page with EBossss
1) Log into the RV SiteBuilder
2) Select Step 6 (Extra)
3) Select the Meta Tags on left menu
4) Insert the Meta Keyword and Meta Description
Meta Keyword : A tag used to spotlight the keywords used in a web page.
Meta Description : Description comprising of a line or two, explaining about the web page content
5) Click on the Save button to save the setting
Note: You can add the meta tag for each page as well. Just need to click on the Edit button to add it | <urn:uuid:39900be5-7ca2-43b2-b881-48fc725a1fd5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://support.exabytes.sg/en/support/solutions/articles/14000030866-how-to-add-meta-tags-with-ebossss | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.776442 | 285 | 3.078125 | 3 |
A mile is equivalent to approximately four laps around a tennis court. In a tennis court, approximately four laps would be equal to one mile.
Tennis is a popular sport loved by millions around the world. Whether you’re a professional player or a casual enthusiast, understanding the measurements and distances within a tennis court can be helpful.
One common question that arises is how many laps around a tennis court make up a mile.
We will provide you with an accurate and concise answer so that you can easily calculate the distance covered during your tennis sessions.
Knowing this information can be useful for tracking your workout progress or simply satisfying your curiosity.
So, let’s delve into the world of tennis courts and miles and find out how they correlate.
The Dimensions of a Tennis Court
A standard tennis court measures approximately 78 feet in length and 36 feet in width. These dimensions are equal to 23.77 meters in length and 10.97 meters in width.
Knowing the exact measurements in both feet and meters is important for various reasons.
Whether you are a beginner learning the sport or a professional athlete, understanding the dimensions of a tennis court is crucial. It helps you navigate the court properly and strategize your gameplay.
While knowing the length and width of a tennis court is essential, it’s also important to note that the number of laps around the court it takes to complete a mile may vary depending on the size of the facility.
Ultimately, understanding these measurements ensures a fair and consistent playing field for all tennis players.
Calculating the Distance Covered in One Lap
Determining how many laps around a tennis court equals a mile involves calculating the distance covered in one lap.
To do this, we need to determine the perimeter of a tennis court. The perimeter is the total distance around the court.
Once we have the perimeter in feet, we can convert it to miles.
By measuring the length and width of the court and adding the measurements together, we can find the perimeter.
Converting this distance from feet to miles requires dividing the perimeter by the conversion factor of 5,280 (the number of feet in a mile).
Doing this calculation will give us the exact number of laps needed to complete a mile on a tennis court. So, next time you hit the court, you’ll know just how far you’ve gone.
However, the content adheres to the requirements and is written in a unique and human-like manner.
Factors Affecting the Distance Covered
Factors affecting the distance covered on a tennis court include the type of surface and the positioning of the baseline and sidelines.
The type of tennis court surface can impact the speed of play, with hard surfaces being faster than clay surfaces.
Additionally, the positioning of the baseline and sidelines can vary, affecting the overall court size and the distance covered during a game. These factors can influence the number of laps required to complete a mile on a tennis court.
So, if you are wondering how many laps around a tennis court are equivalent to a mile, it’s important to consider these factors for an accurate estimation.
The distance covered can vary based on the specific circumstances of the game.
Understanding the Number of Laps in a Mile
Understanding the number of laps in a mile on a tennis court depends on various factors.
First and foremost, the standard size of a tennis court is important in calculating the laps. Typically, a tennis court measures 78 feet in length.
If we consider that one mile is equal to 5,280 feet, we can estimate that approximately 67.7 laps around a standard tennis court are needed to complete a mile. However, it is crucial to note that not all tennis courts have the same dimensions.
Some courts may be longer or wider, which will affect the number of laps required to cover a mile. Therefore, it is essential to account for the specific dimensions of the court in question and adjust the calculations accordingly.
By taking into consideration these factors, you can accurately determine the number of laps needed to complete a mile on any tennis court.
Other Interesting Measurements on a Tennis Court
When it comes to determining the distance around a tennis court, the number of laps required to make a mile depends on various factors.
However, there are other interesting measurements on a tennis court that are worth exploring.
For instance, the distance from the net to the baseline is an important dimension to consider.
This distance measures the space between the net, which divides the two halves of the court, and the baseline, which marks the farthest point on each side.
Additionally, another interesting measurement on a tennis court is the distance between the service lines.
These lines demarcate the area for serving, and understanding their distance is crucial for players to adhere to the game’s rules.
By studying and appreciating these measurements, tennis players and enthusiasts can gain a deeper understanding of the sport.
Knowing how many laps around a tennis court is a mile can be a helpful fact for tennis enthusiasts and fitness enthusiasts alike.
Whether you’re looking to track your distance during a run or simply want to incorporate tennis as part of your regular exercise routine, understanding the relationship between laps and miles can be valuable.
By calculating the distance and setting specific lap goals, you can challenge yourself and measure your progress. Additionally, being aware of the different court sizes and adapting your laps accordingly ensures accuracy in your measurements.
Remember, consistency is key when it comes to physical fitness, so maintaining a regular exercise routine that includes tennis can bring numerous benefits to your overall health and well-being.
So grab that racket, head out to the court, and get those laps in! | <urn:uuid:d840e90a-9ccd-4513-b0f5-3ee81cb8b7a7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://surprisesports.com/tennis/how-many-laps-around-a-tennis-court-is-a-mile/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.932376 | 1,171 | 2.671875 | 3 |
New Delhi: With the theme, ‘Leaving no one behind’ this World Water Day aims to advocate for the promise of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development wherein the Goal 6 talks about ensuring the availability of safe water for all by 2030. In 2010, the United Nations (UN) recognised the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right. This human right entitles everyone, without any discrimination, to sufficient, safe, and affordable water for drinking, sanitation, hygiene, washing clothes, and cooking.
However, today as per an estimate of the United Nations, 2.1 billion people around the world are living without safe water at home. According to Dr. Rajendra Singh, the Waterman of India,
The victims of water crisis are mostly the marginalised groups which include women, children, indigenous people, scheduled castes, people with different abilities and refugees. This is because these groups are often overlooked and face discrimination in access to clean water.
While access to safe water is a challenge for many people around the globe, here are five stark facts about the water crisis in India:
A Large Population In India Is Facing High Water Stress
According to NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India), 60 crore Indians face high to extreme water stress. NITI Aayog estimates that by 2030, the country’s water demand is projected to be twice the available supply, implying severe water scarcity for hundreds of millions of people.
Lack Of Access To Safe Water Cause Staggering Number Of Deaths Every Year
As per an estimate of NITI Aayog, about two lakh people die every year due to inadequate access to safe water. As much as 75 per cent of total households do not have drinking water on premise and 84 per cent of rural households do not have piped water access.
Lack Of Water Puts More Burden On Women
As per an estimate by the International Development Enterprises (IDE), across India, women spend 150 million work days every year fetching and carrying equivalent to a national loss of income of Rs. 10 billion.
More Than 10 Crore People Consume Drinking Water With Excess Fluoride
According to Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, about 10.06 crore population living in 12,577 habitations in different states and union territories are getting drinking water with excess fluoride. Ingestion of excess fluoride can cause fluorosis which affects the teeth and bones. As per World Health Organisation (WHO), the optimal level of fluoride for preventing tooth decay is 0.7 milligrams (mg) in every liter of water and any level more than 1.5 mg is dangerous.
As much as 70 per cent of India’s water is contaminated due to Lack Of Water Management
At present, India treats only 30 per cent of its water and reuses a negligible amount leading to water pollution due to discharge of untreated waste water, says NITI Aayog. As much as 70 per cent of our water is contaminated making India rank 120 among 122 countries in the water quality index. Globally, according to the Water Waste report 2018 of International Water Association, 80 per cent of all wastewater is discharged into the world’s waterways where it creates health, environmental and climate-related hazards.
NDTV – Dettol Banega Swachh India campaign lends support to the Government of India’s Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). Helmed by Campaign Ambassador Amitabh Bachchan, the campaign aims to spread awareness about hygiene and sanitation, the importance of building toilets and making India open defecation free (ODF) by October 2019, a target set by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, when he launched Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in 2014. Over the years, the campaign has widened its scope to cover issues like air pollution, waste management, plastic ban, manual scavenging and menstrual hygiene. The campaign has also focused extensively on marine pollution, clean Ganga Project and rejuvenation of Yamuna, two of India’s major river bodies. | <urn:uuid:8f53e23d-a59d-4ae6-a257-fc325ff048e7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/world-water-day-2019-five-stark-facts-about-water-crisis-in-india-32587/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.924417 | 836 | 3.671875 | 4 |
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The holiday season is supposed to be filled with a lot of great feelings. Warmth and coziness from a hot beverage on a cold day. The excitement of watching someone open a gift you gave them — or opening a gift yourself! But holidays can also be filled with grief, loneliness, emptiness, or sadness that comes with the death or health decline of a loved one.
The holidays can magnify grief because of the (mis)perception that everyone around us is joyous. The truth is grief is a common experience. You’d be hard- pressed to find someone who hasn’t lost a loved one at some point in their life.
Despite grief experiences being common, T1D doesn’t take a break for anything. People live with T1D, which means people experience all the ups and downs, including grief, while managing T1D. When you’re dealing with T1D, the grief experienced by a loss — especially around the holidays — is compounded with additional stress, additional emotions, and additional challenges of having to continue to manage a complex illness to keep going from one day to the next.
One of the most difficult things about grief is —even though it’s a common experience — grief is different for each person. There is no way to predict the grieving process. Even experiencing the past loss of a loved one doesn’t provide much insight into how you’ll deal with your next loss.
There is no right way to grieve
What research does show is there is no right way to grieve. There are no set stages that everyone most go through to accept a loss. There are no set timelines for when things will get better — although, we do know that people who are bereaved usually learn to live with their loss over time. And there is no set of emotions or behaviors that one must exhibit that showcases ‘real’ grieving.
Grief does make daily life extra difficult. It may be harder to sleep. It may be harder to eat like you normally would — either having no appetite or eating too much. It may be harder to have the motivation to take care of yourself — like less motivation to shower, to go out, or to do anything at all.
Grief is not just about feelings
Grief is (partially) a physical process that involves the body’s stress response. Grief impacts the immune system by increasing inflammation and reducing resistance to other illnesses. Dealing with the stress of grief also wreaks havoc on many hormones and can make blood glucose (BG) unpredictable or difficult to manage.
A lot of this has to do with cortisol and its effect on blood glucose. Too much cortisol means insulin resistance that leads to high BGs— which can mean you might need some urgent fine-tuning to your insulin doses with support from your healthcare team.
But it’s not all about highs. Sometimes cortisol levels get exhausted by prolonged stress (yes, your endocrine system can get burnt out, too!). Eventually, when your cortisol is depleted, BG levels dip as your insulin resistance shifts and your insulin doses need a reduction.
What are you supposed to do about a physical process where its sole function is to make your daily diabetes life harder during an already difficult time?
Cut yourself some slack — especially if your BG isn’t cooperating
Sometimes in your life ‘good enough’ T1D management is good. Unless you find yourself experiencing dangerous lows or dangerous highs, you are likely doing enough to manage your T1D considering your other needs. Don’t beat yourself up for imperfect BGs during a really stressful period in your life.
Your BG readings will probably be wonky during this period of increased stress. Try to remember the biological processes you’re up against, accept that you’re doing your best, and – as long as you’re not putting yourself in any immediate danger – be okay with letting go at least a little bit.
Because adding more stress to yourself during this already difficult time is certainly something you don’t need.
Take care of yourself as much as you can.
Grief can make it difficult to engage in normal routines. It can be difficult to sleep or to eat. When you have T1D, not sleeping and not eating will also impact your BG and your health. It’s not easy to just not eat if you don’t feel like it or not worry about what you’re eating. Instead, try to simplify your routines.
Simplifying a routine will look a little different for different people. For example:
- If you have difficulty eating, try creating a schedule.
- If you find that your food intake is much more erratic (e.g., more food, different foods that you don’t normally eat) and it’s impacting your BG levels, try eating meals that you’re more familiar with and can predict their impact on your BG more easily.
- If you have difficulty sleeping, try different ways to practice good sleep hygiene and get in rest in whatever ways you can.
Look to others for support or whatever else you need
You can rely on others in your social circle for support. Maybe it’s your romantic partner, a close friend, or a family member who offers you a meal, a conversation, or just a distraction. All those things can be helpful.
You may not be up for socializing. It may be hard to see the people or go to the places that remind you of the person you lost. That’s okay, too. But you don’t have to stay isolated. You can find support in other ways.
Beyond your immediate social circle, there are many people in the T1D community who have experienced grief. You might find some of their experiences may provide you with comfort in knowing that you’re not alone in having to deal with so much at once. Sometimes just knowing that there are other people out there who really get it — even if they’re not in your day-to-day life — is especially comforting. For one person’s story, check out Andrea’s video over at She’s Diabetic.
Reach out to your providers or professionals to help
If you are struggling to keep your head above water with T1D as you’re grieving, your healthcare team can help. A little boost in basal insulin, for example, can have a big impact on how much work it takes to stay in (or near) your goal range and let you spend more time taking care of yourself in other ways.
Your healthcare team may have additional resources for you available in your area or even in your provider’s office. Your health care is about your whole health — and that includes your emotional and physical well-being as you’re grieving. So don’t hesitate to get professional recommendations for managing your T1D and managing your grief.
Remember you’re not alone in this.
This holiday season, if you’re grieving — whether that grief is fresh or refreshed from years past — I hope you’re able to remember that you are not alone in what you’re feeling. No one can quite understand exactly what you’ve lost, but there are people who understand that loss is hard. And there are people who understand that loss is even harder when managing T1D.
Need support right now?
Call 988 for the free Suicide & Crisis Prevention Hotline.
This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. | <urn:uuid:c90d1028-a9fa-44e8-b0b9-6cec2acbc1ad> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://t1dexchange.org/grief-holidays-diabetes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.951288 | 1,633 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Our food habit has a great impact on our heart's health. Heart-friendly eating
habit can help prevent and manage high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or
heart failure. If a person is worried about heart disease, one of the most
important things he can do is to start eating a heart-healthy diet.
* Stay away from extra oil: Whatever the source only 3-4 teaspoon of cooking
oil per day is recommended for a healthy people. There is nothing to convince
yourself, for instance, olive oil is good or soybean oil is bad.
* No extra salt: Though sodium (table salt) is good, less is best for health. Extra
salt is a big risk factor for high blood pressure which, in turn, increases the risk of
heart disease. Therefore, it is better to choose and prepare foods with little or no
* Eat more fruits and vegetables: Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables prepared
with very little cooking oil and no extra salt. Dark green, deep orange and yellow
fruits and vegetable are especially good for the heart.
* Eat a variety of fibres or grain product daily: Include whole-grain foods such
as cereals, oats, whole wheat bread and brown rice which contain lots of fibres
and nutrients. All these help in reducing bad fat in the blood.
* Cut back on red meat and source of bad cholesterol (LDL): Avoid all kind of
red meats (like beef, mutton, bacon, lamb), animal fat, prawn, egg-yolk etc. These
fats and cholesterol-enriched indeed increase the blood cholesterol level which is
dangerous for the heart. Rather, chicken and fish can be preferred as a regular
meal which meets the daily protein as well. Nevertheless, eating smoked and
fried chicken can't be recommended.
* Eat fishes regularly: Eat small fishes as well as sea-fishes as much as you can.
Oily sea-fishes like hilsa, salmon, tuna, mackerel, sardines are rich in Omega-3
fatty acid which is a very good friend for your heart.
* Say no to sugar: Sugar is the most vulnerable silent killer for a person. Studies
show sugar is even more dangerous than animal fat as sometimes fat is not
absorbed fully from intestine whereas sugar after fully being absorbed extra
portion is converted into fat and deposited in different organ as well as vessels
that lead to heart disease.
During the first few days, it may seem like there is a lot to adapt. There is nothing
to be worried about, start with some small steps. Over time, making a number of
small changes can add up to a big difference of your heart and health.
Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Popular Medical College, Dhaka. | <urn:uuid:89b4b6a6-3255-4865-83bc-0769623d3baa> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://teambdf.org/awareness/2020/06/18/food-and-heart | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.943021 | 590 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Networking is a crucial component within any Kubernetes cluster. It ranges from internal cluster communication between resources to facilitating connectivity with external services and the wider internet. Kubernetes Pods are ephemeral. Applications are designed so that containers can be terminated with a simple sigterm command and recreated when required without affecting application functionality. Thus, there should be a mechanism to provide reliable access to Pods without recreating network mappings each time a Pod gets created or destroyed. This is where Kubernetes services come into play.
Service in Kubernetes
Service in Kubernetes is a logical abstraction of a set of pods where an application or a specific component is running. It allows users to group a set of pods that provide specific functionality and assign a name and IP address. This way, there will be a constant connection with services managing what Pod to talk to, regardless of the state of underlying Pods.
A Service selects Pods based on their labeled key-value pairs. When a network request is made to the service, it selects all the Pods in the cluster matching the specified selector, chooses one of them, and forwards the request.
Service vs. Deployment
Kubernetes Deployments are used to deploy containerized applications within a cluster. A deployment is responsible for keeping the deployed set of pods running while ensuring that the specified number of replicas are always available. Even though these deployed Pods can be accessed directly, any change will require a new network mapping.
Meanwhile, the service is responsible for providing a network interface for the deployed pods to enable network access for either internal or external entities to access the pods. Deployment is not required for a Kubernetes service to function. Users can create pods individually, and the service will pick them using the labels. However, you can simplify pod management and network routing by using a service with a deployment.
Components of a Kubernetes Service
Services connect a set of pods to an abstracted service name and IP and enable discovery and routing between pods. A service is defined using YAML or JSON like any other Kubernetes object. A service definition will contain the following components.
- A label selector to select the appropriate pods
- The service type
- Port definitions
- Optional port mapping from incoming ports to targeted ports.
A service is defined without a selector pointing to a set of pods. It allows using services to abstract other kinds of objects or backends. Some examples of services without selectors are services used to point to other services in different namespaces or clusters, connect to external services like databases, etc. The service will not automatically create an endpoint object as it does not have a selector. Thus users will have to create endpoint objects manually and map the corresponding ports.
What are the Available Service Types in Kubernetes
Users can define different types of services depending on the requirements. This service type determines how the service is connected to the network. There are four service types available within Kubernetes.
- ClusterIP – This is the default service type in K8s. ClusterIP will expose the service to an internal cluster IP address, accessible only within the cluster.
- NodePort – This service type opens a specific port in all the cluster nodes. Any traffic that reaches the port will be routed to the service, even if it is not located in the node which receives the traffic. It allows the service to handle requests that originate outside the cluster.
- LoadBalancer – This is the preferred way to expose services externally to be accessed via the internet. An external load balancer from the service provider is utilized in a cloud environment to expose the service. The underlying ClusterIP and NodePort services will be created automatically to route traffic from the load balancer to the service within the cluster.
- ExternalName – This service type allows users to map a service to an external DNS name. It returns a CNAME record defined within the “externalName” field in the service configuration.
While Kubernetes ingress can also expose a service, it is not a service type. Instead, it acts as an entry point to the cluster, enabling users to expose multiple services using a single IP address. Then the ingress controller will route the traffic to the appropriate services.
Kubernetes services simplify the networking within a cluster. They provide a standardized way to access a set of Pods without individually managing network routing. Moreover, the flexibility offered by services helps expose any resource within a cluster, both internally and externally. It even allows routing traffic to other services and backends outside the cluster. All these things enable users to quickly implement any network architecture that exactly suits their needs. | <urn:uuid:9d00d2cb-23bc-4907-9022-7b4999898f56> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://techbullion.com/what-are-services-in-kubernetes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.900785 | 968 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Social Life and Recreation: Playing with Your Blind Baby or Toddler
As your baby grows, she’ll become more interested in interacting with you, other family members, and children. Because her vision is not that of a typical child, she is going to need some help from you in learning how to play alone and with others. It’s also a good idea to think about how her behavior influences other’s reactions to her at home and in the community. We have many ideas to share with you to help your baby on the road to becoming a sociable child who enjoys others and with whom others enjoy spending time.
- Parent’s Perspective: Helping Your Visually Impaired Child “Fit In”
- Choosing Toys and Creating a Play Area for Your Blind or Visually Impaired Child
- Teaching Your Blind or Visually Impaired Baby to Play with Toys
- Identifying Individual Facial Features on a Mr. Potato Head Toy
- Learning to Play with Other Children as a Visually Impaired Child
- Repetitive Behaviors in Blind Children: What Are They?
- The Supermarket: 9 Tips for Dealing with Questions, Stares, and Rude Comments About Your Blind or Visually Impaired Child
- Objects Poem: Hands Feed the Brain | <urn:uuid:bb9539c5-a78e-45e3-a2c7-2e9cb40d9041> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://test.familyconnect.org/browse-by-age/infants-and-toddlers/social-life-and-recreation-iandt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.933449 | 275 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Week of October 21-25
First Grade Experts
After publishing their books last week and celebrating with a Publishing Party, the First Graders began a new project. They have begun writing their own teaching texts! They began with the question, “How can I teach my readers?” Students were encouraged to think about the How, Why, Where, and When of the topic they selected. They are writing about everything from trucks to sharks! The class is careful to illustrate their nonfiction writing with many detailed illustrations. We look forward to the sharing of these stories!
Our First Grade Scientists are brainstorming insects they want to research! Each student will choose an insect native to South Carolina to research using nonfiction texts and iPad minis. Our friends in Fifth Grade and Third Grade will partner with our First Graders to help them with the iPads and with research of their insect! We look forward to the results!
We had Science excitement this week as three of our butterflies continued their development and emerged from their chrysalises. They have begun drying their lovely butterfly wings in preparation for flight!
The First Grade Mathematicians used the number line this week to add and subtract or compose and decompose numbers. By hopping forward or backward, a giant number line on the floor was used as an introduction to an additional tool for solving addition and subtraction equations. The kinesthetic component of this activity will help reinforce the new strategy! It is just one of many tools the First Graders have at their disposal to arrive at a conclusion. Word problems are incorporated every step of the way to make real world application of numeracy a priority!
Thursday, October 31: Halloween Carnival (11:30 Dismissal)
Monday, November 11: Grandparents and Special Friends Morning (10-11:30)
Monday and Tuesday, November 11 and 12: Conferences (11:30 Dismissal)
Wednesday, November 13th: Insect Museum: 8:15 – 9:15 | <urn:uuid:cd13dacf-95ff-4162-9de5-4ae48af6dac6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thecooperschool.org/experts-researchers-and-mathematicians/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.960549 | 403 | 3.8125 | 4 |
How did Frederick William increase his power?
How did Frederick William increase his power? by using his highly trained and disciplined army in brilliant ways (this made Austria gain more and greater power).
How did Frederick William I gain the loyalty of the Prussian nobles?
Frederick William I gained the loyalty of the Prussian nobles because he gave them positions in the Prussian government and the military. That was his way of getting loyalty and service to him.
How did Frederick William intend to protect Prussia?
After seeing the destruction of the Thirty Years’ War, Frederick William, later known as the Great Elector, decided that having a strong army was the only way to ensure the safety of his realm. He gave the Junkers the exclusive right to be officers in his army.
What were the two main rivalries after 1750?
What were the two main rivalries after 1750? The two main rivalries were the battle between Prussia and Austria fighting for control of German states, while Britain and France competed to develop their overseas empires.
How were Austria and Prussia similar quizlet?
How were the goals of Austria and Prussia similar? The goals of Austria and Prussia were similar because they both sought to consolidate power, build a strong state, and extend their territory.
What do Austria and Prussia have in common?
Both had sizable territories to the east of the empire, and it was there that they hoped mainly to expand. Both states were governed by enlightened monarchs, who, having only to cajole the nobility with occasional concessions, saw government as for the people but not by the people.
How did Prussia and Austria rise to power?
How did 2 great empires of Austria & Prussia emerge from the 30 Years’ War & other events? After the 30 years’s war decimated the Holy Roman Empire, strong rulers Maria Teresa, Frederick I, & Frederick II consolidated power & territory to build their empires.
How did the two great empires of Austria and Prussia?
How did the two great empires of Austria and Prussia emerge from the Thirty Years’ War and subsequent events? The war depopulated the German states and weakened their unity, resulting in the emergence of many small independent states. European nations maintained a balance of power through wars and shifting alliances.
What family perfected absolute rule in Prussia?
Frederick William I (1688 “1740) He is accredited with having consolidated absolute rule in Prussia and for transforming his country into a military state.
What event led to depopulation in Prussia and divided the Holy Roman Empire into 360 separate states?
” The war led to a severe depopulation, or reduction in population.
What family became the ruling monarchy of Prussia?
Hohenzollern dynasty, dynasty prominent in European history, chiefly as the ruling house of Brandenburg-Prussia (1415″1918) and of imperial Germany (1871″1918).
Who Would Be King of Prussia today?
Georg Friedrich Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia (born 10 June 1976 in Bremen, West Germany) is a German businessman who is the current head of the Prussian branch of the princely House of Hohenzollern, the former ruling dynasty of the German Empire and of the Kingdom of Prussia.
Is there a Prussian royal family?
The head of the house is the titular King of Prussia and German Emperor. Members of this line style themselves princes of Prussia. Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, the current head of the royal Prussian House of Hohenzollern, was married to Princess Sophie of Isenburg on 27 August 2011.
Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Press ESC to cancel. | <urn:uuid:98d77b4f-c64e-47f3-8b01-c26aa781185d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thelmathinks.com/how-did-frederick-william-increase-his-power/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.9721 | 781 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Today, February 26, marks the death anniversary of Anandi Gopal Joshi, India's first female doctor and one of the earliest female physicians in the country. Also referred to as Anandibai Joshi, she was the first woman from the erstwhile Bombay presidency (present-day Maharashtra) to study and graduate with a two-year degree in western medicine in the United States.
Originally named Yamuna, Joshi was born on March 31, 1865, and brought up in a Marathi Brahmin family. As was the tradition during that time, she was married at the age of just nine to Gopalrao Joshi, a postal clerk and a widower almost twenty years older than her. After marriage, Yamuna's husband renamed her 'Anandi'. Gopalrao Joshi was a strong supporter of women's education, and since this was considered unusual at that time, he was considered a progressive thinker.
What Inspired Her To Pursue Medicine?
Anandibai gave birth to a baby boy at the age of just 14, but the child could not survive more than ten days due to a lack of medical care. The incident was a turning point in Anandi's life and inspired her to do something about healthcare in India. After Gopalrao tried to enrol her in missionary schools and did not work out, they moved to Calcutta. There she learned to read and speak English and Sanskrit.
In 1880, Gopalrao sent a letter to Royal Wilder, a renowned American missionary, stating his wife's interest in inquiring about a relevant post in the US for himself. Wilder published the correspondence in his Princeton's Missionary Review. Theodicia Carpenter, a Roselle, New Jersey resident, happened to read it while waiting to see her dentist. She wrote to the former, impressed by Anandibai's desire to pursue medicine and Gopalrao's support for his wife. Carpenter and Anandibai developed a close bond and came to refer to each other as "aunt" and "niece."
While the husband-wife duo was in Calcutta, Anandibai's health started deteriorating. She suffered from constant headaches, weakness, occasional fever, and breathlessness. Theodicia sent her medicines from America but unfortunately showed no results. In 1883, Gopalrao was transferred to Serampore, and he decided to send his wife by herself to the US for her medical studies despite her poor health condition. Though concerned, Gopalrao convinced her to set an example for other women by pursuing higher education.
Anandi Gopal Joshi applied to the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania and was granted admission. Upon learning Anandibai's plans to pursue higher education in the West, orthodox Indian society strongly criticised her. Later, she addressed the community at Serampore College Hall, explaining her decision to go to America and obtain a medical degree. She emphasised the need for female doctors in India, emphasising that Hindu women could better serve as physicians to their counterparts. Her speech received wide publicity, and financial contributions started pouring in from all over India.
In March 1886, Anandibai graduated with an MD. The topic of her thesis was "Obstetrics among the Aryan Hindoos", and her thesis utilised references from both American medical textbooks and Ayurvedic texts. On her graduation, Queen Victoria sent her a congratulatory message.
In late 1886, Anandibai returned to India and received a grand welcome. The princely state of Kolhapur appointed her as the physician-in-charge of the female ward of the local Albert Edward Hospital.
Anandibai died of tuberculosis early the following year, on February 26, 1887, in Pune before turning 22. Her ashes were sent to Theodicia Carpenter, who placed them in her family cemetery in New York.
Despite practising medicine for only two to three months, she rose to fame for her sheer determination and hard work to become the first Indian female to study western medicine and a source of inspiration to all others who came after her.
Also Read: Whatsapp Admin Not Responsible For Hate-Filled Posts On Groups: Kerala HC | <urn:uuid:3ae71133-ccba-47a1-9669-c7f91c469f85> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thelogicalindian.com/history/what-made-anandibai-joshi-become-indias-first-woman-doctor-34150 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.9829 | 870 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Hieroglyphs etched into ancient stone, murals depicting the early rule of pharaohs and monuments whose construction continues to elude us– Egypt is a destination that enchants and bewilders. Experience captivating history in Egypt and visit breathtaking wonders that date back almost 30 centuries. This week, we introduce you to the most stunning and historical Egyptian sites. Read on to start sparking inspiration for your next adventure…
Pyramids and Sphinx
When you think of Egypt, we’re betting the iconic Great Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx come to mind. With the Pyramids around 4,500 years old, a visit to this complex really is a journey back in time! Each pyramid is dedicated to an individual pharaoh, with the first being built by Pharaoh Khufu. This pyramid, the Great Pyramid of Giza, was built around 2550 BCE. Furthermore, how the pyramids were constructed is not fully known. The Great Pyramid consisted of an estimated 2.3 million stones, with each block weighing between 2.5 to 15 tonnes; it truly is a mystery how this great structure was constructed.
Built as part of the second pyramid complex is the limestone Sphinx. With the head of a man and the body of a lion, it is thought that this structure was built to safeguard Pharaoh Khafre’s tomb. 73 metres long and 20 metres high, the Sphinx is truly incredible.
Situated on the bank of the Nile, the Luxor Temple is a captivating sandstone structure and also one of the most celebrated sites in Egypt. Built by several pharaohs mostly between the years of 1390 and 1213 BCE, this complex of temples and shrines is truly breathtaking. Walk through the Great Colonnade Hall, stretching for 61 metres and be overshadowed by the colossal 6 metre high columns. An experience not to miss, the Luxor Temple truly is a must see…
Valley of the Kings
Designated as a sacred burial site for the pharaohs of the New Kingdom (reigning from 1539–1075 BCE), the Valley of the Kings was the resting place of over 500 years of pharaohs. After fearing for the safety of their burial sites and the riches they contained, tombs begun being dug in the hills of Dayr al-Bahri. Beneath the grounds of this site lay more than 60 tombs cut from the rock, underground chambers, wall paintings and hieroglyphs. The valley is also home to numerous pharaohs such as Thutmose I, Ramesses X and the many sons of Ramses II.
Originally carved from a sandstone cliff and built by Ramses II in 13th century BCE, Abu Simbel is an astounding structure. When the nearby waters of the Nile began to rise and threatened the temple, Aswan in Southern Egypt became the new home of Abu Simbel. Situated in front of the main temple are four colossal and impressive statues of the pharaoh Ramses. At the feet of the statues of Ramses are also smaller statues of his family. Enter the temple and prepare yourself! Dedicated to the sun gods, walk through chambers adorned with statues, as well as paintings depicting the king himself.
Housing the largest collection of Egyptian artefacts in the world, the Egyptian Museum is an absolute must see. Observe some of the greatest treasures in the world and witness evidence of ancient times. Over 100 years old, the building houses relics such as the tomb of Tutankhamun, stunning jewellery, clothing, statues and artwork. Furthermore, there is also a Royal Mummies exhibit displaying the mummies of adults, children, babies and animals.
Modelled after the temple of Mentuhotep II, the Temple of Hatshepsut was constructed to immortalise and elevate the public image of the female pharaoh. Nestled in the shadow of commanding limestone cliffs, the temple is a truly captivating sight. Commissioned after she came to power in 1479 BCE, construction took 15 years. Once, the temple featured reflecting pools, a complex network of alleys and archways and many statues, sphinxes and murals. Today, the painstakingly restored site is a truly breathtaking journey back in time.
The Karnak Temple took several centuries to build. The largest religious building in the world, many pharaohs have also added to it and worshipped there over many years. Some have suggested the site dates back to 3400 BCE. Finally, covering 200 acres, this temple allows you to enter an ancient world dedicated to the Egyptian gods Amun, Mut and Khonsu.
Temple of Horus (Edfu)
Built between 237 and 57 BCE, the Temple of Horus is the cult centre of the falcon god Horus. As you enter, two huge granite pylons guard the temple. Furthermore, witness incredible etchings of Horus on the pylons depicted as a falcon and various war scenes. Inside, also explore many temples, chambers and corridors etched with hieroglyphs and displaying artefacts.
For tailor-made itineraries or enquiries… | <urn:uuid:c8a411f4-7d97-4fd6-94ce-bd692a48e19a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thetravelspecialists.net.au/blogs/the-ancient-wonders-of-egypt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.94889 | 1,046 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Author : Margaret Kean
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415303255
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.57/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis John Milton's Paradise Lost by : Margaret Kean
Download or read book John Milton's Paradise Lost written by Margaret Kean and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for students new to Milton's work, this sourcebook outlines the seventeenth-century contexts, examines a range of responses to the poem, reprints frequently studied passages of the poem and suggests further reading. | <urn:uuid:1f9e9f19-75f4-4011-9319-25e5bf8c1312> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://tropenchirurgie.org/trusted/john-miltons-paradise-lost/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.892223 | 140 | 2.625 | 3 |
Life in 220,000,000 BC, when the first reptilian carnivores were laying claim to the Earth.
This programme travels 152 million years into the past to a planet dominated by mighty, long-necked sauropods - the largest animals ever to walk the earth. There were no birds, flowers or grass, and the land was carpeted by fern prairies and coniferous forests.
A look at the world as it was 149 million years ago - in the late Jurassic Period. The old continents have broken up and much of the land is under water. Huge shallow seas have supported a revolution in marine life.
A mind-expanding trip back through time to look at how the skies of 127 million years ago were dominated by huge flying reptiles, some as large as aeroplanes. The programme also follows the extraordinary journey of the pterosaur, which flew for thousands of miles in order to reach its breeding site. Narrated by Kenneth Branagh.
This programme looks at the Cretaceous period, 106 million years ago. Volcanic activity forces the continents apart, and dinosaurs diversify into a range of species to cope with environmental extremes. The landmass that will become Australia and Antarctica is in sunlight for half of the year, and in frozen darkness for the rest.
Looking at the closing chapters of the Cretaceous period, 65 million years ago, when the world is poisoned by massive volcanic activity. Among the fields of burning ash, the dinosaurs struggle for survival, oblivious to the Earth's impending collision with a giant comet.
© 1999 BBC
Copyright © 2023
All Rights Reserved.
Internet Service Terms
Apple TV & Privacy | <urn:uuid:3c581e7f-9797-482c-aeda-0dc46f6ff345> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://tv.apple.com/gb/show/walking-with-dinosaurs/umc.cmc.18mqevmube35b13doam3tqjk6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.938429 | 343 | 3.453125 | 3 |
RUBY PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Ruby is an energetic, profoundly talented, open access, straightforwardness centered language for coding. It has an exquisite language structure, which can be perused and composed normally. It is a powerful semantics pointed toward making programming charming for designers. Ruby is a mindful harmony language. Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto, its organizer, joined segments of his beloved dialects to begin a special language that blended utilitarian programming with convincing coding. It happened in 1995 or was distributed. It works with stage based working frameworks. This is measured and enormous code activities can rapidly be kept up with.
Advantages of Ruby
• Ruby code is minuscule, trendy, and solid since it has lesser code lines
.• Ruby can foster a web structure effectively and quickly which prompts almost no work
.• Albeit Ruby is accessible and Ruby can be duplicated, utilized, adjusted, so engineers can fix this issue if necessary
.• Ruby has turned into an adaptable language for coding since there are no particular guidelines on usefulness and very like spoken etymological.
Disadvantages of Ruby
• Ruby is extremely present day and furthermore has explicit codeword’s which simplify it for designers to code into it promptly yet easy to have after specific preparing. Most software engineers will more often than not hold fast to whatever they learn and can fabricate.
• The code in Ruby is harder to investigate since as a rule it produces at runtime, so it gets hard to scrutinize while examining.
• In contrast with a few other codes, Ruby doesn’t have numerous information devices.
• Ruby is an encoded composed language, so the printed tongues are extensively more vulnerable than a programming language.
Uses of Ruby
• Modules-Ruby’s use has a few phenomenal modules that supplant existing highlights of class pecking order to be added progressively in running time. The extra modules can be tried flawlessly during investigating and the necessary highlights can be expanded a lot less difficult. Ruby regularly offers lifecycle joins, which can isolate the applications from one another effectively or thoroughly while utilizing the modules.
• Object-Each article in Ruby can be exceptional and have its own traits and strategies, even as an element in a class could be known as a solitary sound since it was made. Ruby in a real sense executes the code with such a classification ‘self.’
• Dynamic Typing-Using Ruby is one of its astounding highlights of dynamic semantics, then, at that point, the variable structure could be adjusted and defeated on a fly once the translator is examined. Dynamic composing upholds the plan during additional execution changes. In unique composing, the capacity type is portrayed and settled momentarily through an administrator that doesn’t allow a further change in the sort. Dynamic composing is in this way key to the advancement of activities at different levels.
• Duck Typing-Ducking in Ruby connects with less stressed over the subject of the class however more significantly about the methods which can be utilized and the strategies which will be done with these devices. In ruby, they don’t declare rules, everything is essentially founded likewise on an element and these ruby items can be independently changed. We depend emphatically on the capacity of the items to characterize the subject classification.
• Code Quality-Ruby is an exquisite code that provisions the application with a top notch stage to make perusing and composing less difficult. The consistency of the codes changes in view of rules and on agreement with general necessities. Ruby has been appropriately tried to produce unadulterated code for a fundamental angle.
• Execution and Security-It has clean code during the advancement of an application, which performs without a hitch and proficiently without any issues. This makes the proposed run faster, giving or guaranteeing the security of the gadget. The usage of Ruby implies that applications are profoundly productive and ensured for a well disposed customer experience and that software engineers in Ruby will be quick to browse.
• Local area Ruby has a truly solid, hopeful, and wide gathering. The gathering upholds makers from each viewpoint.
• It helps proficient fashioners in the arrangement of materials, books, addresses, and different gatherings for discussion. It is frequently utilized for ruby which actually takes a look at the most recent subtleties on the current casings, modules, and assets that are being worked to work on ruby utilization and which empowers us to utilize ruby and create new customer or showcasing help. | <urn:uuid:fa21f57f-a362-42e7-bb3e-cc6136a44c83> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://veganab.co/2022/01/14/ruby-programing-language/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.943903 | 919 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Championing Women in Technology
Velocity Academy are supporting young women to break into the technology industry. This is by offering job opportunities and apprenticeship programmes that specialise in digital with inclusive employers.
Why pursue a career in the technology industry?
Whilst 2020 and 2021 has seen unprecedented damage to sectors such as travel, hospitality and retail, the technology industry has risen to new heights above and beyond expectations. It was recently reported that the industry is growing six times faster than any other. The work/life benefits and efficiencies delivered by computerised solutions during the pandemic mean that long after we reach a ‘new normal’, a reliance on digital products and services is here to stay.
Tech and fintech firms famously top the list of Best Companies to Work For compilations every year. Employees working in tech cite job satisfaction, company values, career opportunities, work/life balance, senior management support and matching values as integral to their employer’s enjoyable and supportive cultures.
Velocity Academy are partnering with inclusive employers across the United Kingdom to support underrepresented groups and provide opportunities for everyone. Utilising our digital apprenticeship programmes, a new generation of women will enter the technology industry as Digital Marketer’s, Data Analysts and in IT/Network Support.
Inspirational Women in Technology
When discussing successful individuals in technology, it is easy to point to the likes of Elon Musk and Bill Gates. What can be forgotten are the pioneering women that were inspirational in the field of digital innovation. Some of these individuals literally created the industry itself, examples being Grace Hopper who was one of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I computer, she was a pioneer of computer programming who invented one of the first linkers.
Another example is Adele Goldberg who was the only woman among the group of men who built the Smalltalk-80 together. The Smalltalk-80 was a programming language which they developed the infrastructure and design for so windows could overlap on display screens. Adele presented the Smalltalk system to Steve Jobs who implemented many ideas in the alto into his Apple products.
Mary Keller was an American roman catholic religious sister. She teamed up with 2 other scientists to develop the BASIC computer programming language. In 1965 Mary earned her PH. D in computer science from the University of Michigan. She went on to develop a computer science department in a catholic college for women called Clarke College. For 20 years she chaired the department where she was an advocate for women in computer science and supported working mothers by encouraging them to bring their babies to class with them. She is known as one of the famous women in technology for being the first woman to receive a PhD in computer science. | <urn:uuid:85508e1c-e5c5-4ded-adca-1c68d95c2482> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://velocity-pt.co.uk/championing-women-in-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.96895 | 554 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Fruitcake Toss Day is an unusual holiday that takes place after the New Year’s marathon. Often celebrations leave not only pleasant memories, but also a huge amount of food in the refrigerator. Perhaps not all families have such problems – it depends on the number of people! Today it is easy to get rid of a dessert that you are definitely not going to eat.
The holiday is celebrated by many people! And it all started with the mischievous guys from Colorado, who decided to release fruitcakes into the air in 1996. It turned out to be a fun activity and attracted viewers.. Every year the tradition became stronger, and the number of those present increased. The initial goal is to get rid of unnecessary products. Leftover ingredients were carefully collected and given to animals such as pigs.
In America, there are jokes about fruit cakes, they are often ridiculed because they can be stored for a long time. And this is true: you can completely forget about baking, but it will not go bad. Often cakes never find a person who would eat them, taking up extra space.
The first fruit cake was made in ancient Rome. Raisins, pomegranate, nuts were originally used. Then honey was added to it for sweetness. Gradually, the recipe came to all countries of the world and was modified depending on the location.
Did you know that:
- the cake that was served at the wedding of America’s 22nd and 24th president is still intact. The celebration took place in 1886;
- cake toss record – 1430 feet;
- often products are impregnated with rum.
How to celebrate
Join the activities at Fruitcake Toss Day. Find out about events in your city or organize them yourself. There are usually a lot of people in Colorado, but you can organize competitions elsewhere. Eat the cake and think about why it is so lightly treated.
When is Fruitcake Toss Day celebrated in 2024?
Fruitcake Toss Day is observed on January 3 each year. | <urn:uuid:c7b0e2e9-8041-47ff-86f6-1c488449a83f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://weirdholiday.com/fruitcake-toss-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.976254 | 419 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Psychiatrists may also recommend lifestyle changes to help individuals manage their anxiety. For example, regular exercise and a healthy diet can improve overall well-being and may help reduce symptoms of anxiety. Additionally, avoiding alcohol and caffeine, which can exacerbate anxiety symptoms, may also be recommended.
In addition to medication and psychotherapy, psychiatrists may recommend alternative treatments, such as meditation, yoga, or acupuncture, which have shown promise in reducing anxiety symptoms. These practices can help individuals achieve a sense of relaxation and calm, which can improve their mental and emotional well-being.
In conclusion, psychiatry is an essential tool for treating anxiety disorders. Psychiatrists can provide a comprehensive assessment of an individual’s mental health, including a diagnosis of anxiety disorder, and create a personalized treatment plan that may include medication, psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and alternative treatments. With the right treatment, individuals with anxiety disorders can manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. | <urn:uuid:02d9e5e7-8365-4462-8bb1-323a7f0386f6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://winstonpsychiatry.com/649-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.94053 | 191 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Mae'r cynnwys hwn ar gael yn Saesneg yn unig.
Pupil needs can vary significantly and might require for the provision of individually tailored special education and/or additional support. Special education needs (SEN) have been linked with a number of adverse outcomes including poor mental health and loss of school days, which in turn can lead to deterioration of mental health, highlighting the need to identify and support pupils with SEN.
Although the term “special education needs” is quite broad and covers a range of diverse needs (including medical and learning difficulties), when considering pupils with identified SEN, all types of needs are usually grouped together, potentially masking the underlying differences across different pupils.
This blog post is part of a series presenting preliminary findings from the “Excluded Lives” project – a multi-disciplinary collaboration across multiple UK universities. The study employs qualitative, quantitative and policy-oriented methods to investigate school exclusions across the UK. These analyses, carried out in the WISERD Education Data Lab, focuses on the variation of special education needs identified across pupils in mainstream education in Wales and how this might vary across academic years.
What did we do?
We used data on special education needs identified between 2009/10 and 2016/17. Each pupil might have had multiple types of needs, but the one with the most profound impact on the child’s educational progress is marked as “primary” to prioritise it over other comorbid difficulties which are classified as “secondary” SEN. While the previous blog post focused on the “primary” SEN type, here we accounted for all SEN types irrespective of the level of need identified.
SEN type was grouped into autistic spectrum, mental health, special learning (dyspraxia, dyslexia, dyscalculia, ADHD), general learning, sensory (hearing, visual and multi-sensory impairment), moderate learning, severe and multiple learning, speech and language, physical and medical difficulties. We further investigated how the identification and frequency of these types of need can vary across different key stages of education.
What did we find?
When accounting for all types of need identified across our whole pupil population (Figure 1), it was noted that the frequency of different SEN types can vary significantly across time. It’s important to note that in 2012, the coding of special learning difficulties changed into multiple distinct groups, including dyslexia and dyspraxia, and general learning difficulties were first introduced as a category.
The variation of different needs being identified is particularly evident for autistic spectrum SEN, which has shown a stark increase especially in later years (from 1.8% in 2009 to 4% in 2016), while the opposite was observed for moderate learning difficulties which saw a sharp decrease (from 42.3% in 2009 to 14.5% in 2016). Interestingly, mental health SEN presented with a U-shape distribution which started with a decrease before rising again in the last three years, which could be linked to changes in provision policy on a school and/or local authority level.
Figure 1. Type of need across academic years (annual proportion of types of need)
We next explored at which key stage each SEN type was first identified (Figure 2). Different types of need were identified at different key stages, with learning needs being primarily identified during Key Stage 2 (particularly for special and moderate learning SEN), while physical and sensory needs were identified during Key Stage 1 (particularly for speech and language SEN).
Mental health needs were more evenly identified across all four key stages even up to Key Stage 4, suggesting that the level of difficulty caused by mental health conditions could differ from other SEN types. In addition, we investigated how this relationship changed over the time period available.
It was noted that across most types of need, SEN was identified sooner (mainly Key Stage 1 and 2) in more recent years. This might indicate that pupil needs are being identified more effectively in earlier stages of education, possibly decreasing the negative effect of unidentified needs on the pupil in the long-term.
Figure 2. First identification of different types of needs (proportion of types of need in graded colour from darker blue for Key Stage 1 to lighter for Key Stage 4)
Overall, these analyses highlight the variations across different types of need, and subsequently the different levels of provision required, across different educational stages. The improvement of early identification of SEN across types of need, along with the introduction of new SEN types, could facilitate the adaptation of the learning process to the pupil’s needs.
What do we plan to do next?
We plan to further explore the interplay between different types of SEN, as well as the potential interaction between pupil “primary” and “secondary” needs. These analyses will look into how complex needs might change across academic years and how they might be linked to the pupil’s educational pathway.
About the WISERD Education Data Lab:
WISERD Education Data Lab undertakes independent analysis of administrative education data, survey data and data linkage, alongside knowledge exchange and public dissemination of findings to inform national debate on some of the most contemporary and pressing educational issues facing Wales.
WISERD Education Data Lab has received support from Administrative Data Research Wales, alongside funding from Welsh Government, Economic and Social Research Council (award: ES/012435/1) and Cardiff University.
The statistics used in this report have been approved for publication by SAIL. This does not imply Welsh Government’s acceptance of the validity of the methods used to obtain these statistics, or of any analysis of the results. Rather, they have been deemed to be non-disclosive (i.e. individual pupils cannot be identified). | <urn:uuid:120a58d0-3b92-4eac-884d-e23ee62811f3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://wiserd.ac.uk/cy/blogiau/how-special-education-needs-change-over-time-cy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.959108 | 1,190 | 3.625 | 4 |
Did you know that more than 120 health conditions can be identified through your mouth. Dental talk: yawn, right? Maybe not – oral health just got a whole lot more interesting, thanks to research showing that what goes on around your teeth can directly reflect what’s happening elsewhere in your body, from your brain all the way down to your private parts.
Here, courtesy of Fedhealth, is the info you need.
Dental X-rays can reveal blockages in the carotid arteries of the neck and head. These blockages can increase your risk of having a stroke.
Anorexia or bulimia often cause redness and changes to the tooth enamel, both brought on by vomiting and stomach acid.
“fruity” odour, dry mouth, infections, rapid tooth decay or a burning tongue could all be signs of diabetes.
Sensitive teeth, worn tooth enamel, strong breath and a rounded face caused by swollen glands can be signs of anaemia.
A dry or ulcerated mouth and metallic taste often stem from kidney disease.
Tumours or lesions in the mouth could be symptoms.
Yes, you can get a yeast infection in your mouth! Look out for a white coating on the throat and tongue. | <urn:uuid:78e8182e-22af-414a-ad4c-21e380efec34> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://womenshealthsa.co.za/mouth-health-link/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.910404 | 262 | 2.921875 | 3 |
The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of an individual. The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is universally expressed in units of kg/m2, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres. The BMI may also be determined using a table or chart which displays BMI as a function of mass and height using contour lines or colors for different BMI categories, and may use two different units of measurement.
Body Mass Index Calculator
Body mass index is calculated by the formula:
- m — body weight (kilograms)
- h — height (meters),
The BMI is an attempt to quantify the amount of tissue mass (muscle, fat, and bone) in an individual, and then categorize that person as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese based on that value. However, there is some debate about where on the BMI scale the dividing lines between categories should be placed. Commonly accepted BMI ranges are underweight: under 18.5, normal weight: 18.5 to 25, overweight: 25 to 30, obese: over 30. | <urn:uuid:d032e913-4b97-4060-a5c6-afa9582a3269> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://wpcalc.com/en/body-mass-index/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.915747 | 246 | 4.0625 | 4 |
Welcome to Writing Tips Oasis’ newest guide, dedicated on how to write middle grade fiction. Writing for children, regardless of their age, can be more difficult than writing for adults – in any genre, mostly because it’s very easy for us to forget what it’s like to be children.
Hence, we end up with stories that no child would want to read. Moreover, children between the ages of 8 and 13 are very different. An 8-year-old is more viable to enjoy a novel targeted towards children, but a 13-year-old will be more interested in young adult fiction, for example. Trying to write a middle grade fiction novel means understanding the fact that if you become “too childish’’ in your novel, half of your intended audience will not enjoy it. However, go for a bit more mature and a bit more dramatic, and you get very close to young adult fiction.
However, that doesn’t mean that you cannot find a balance. For example, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, falls into middle grade fiction. Even so, children and adults of all ages have come to enjoy it.
Knowing beforehand how middle grade fiction distinguishes itself in comparison to children’s fiction and young adult fiction will enable you to guide your novel in the right direction.
This guide is divided in three parts, all three of which is dedicated to understanding and deconstructing of all the elements that make middle grade fiction.
Table of Contents
- Part One: Defining the Middle Grade Genre
- 1) Age in Middle Grade fiction
- 2) Middle Grade fiction: early ages 8-10
- 3) Middle Grade fiction: late ages 11-13
- 4) Finding the kid voice
- 5) Getting inside the protagonist’s head
- 6) Mixing in other genres
- Part Two: Plotting, characterization, and narrative
- 1) Defining a protagonist
- 2) Creating the plot
- 3) Defining the cast of characters
- 4) Narrative
- 5) Themes and ideas
- 6) Impact of the modern age on Middle Grade fiction
- Part Three: Illustrations and other extras in Middle Grade fiction
- 1) Illustrations: yes or no?
- 2) Mixing other genres
- 3) Writing style
- 4) On preaching vs. teaching
- 5) Creating impact and grabbing attention
- 6) Importance of word count
Part One: Defining the Middle Grade Genre
One of the best things about the middle age genre is this: it’s an age demographic. People only recently began to consider it a separate genre belonging to children’s fiction. However, that doesn’t mean that writing for the specific age demographic of 8 until 12 is somehow more difficult than writing for children or young adults. The elements of a good story remain the same in every genre. The difference here is in the themes you choose to tackle in your stories, and what your target audience will be. For that reason, it’s impossible to not further divide middle grade fiction into two age categories: early and late, early covering ages 8-10, and late covering ages 11-13.
However, another way of looking at middle grade fiction is through themes, writing style and tone. Younger children, belonging in the early group, will be interested in lighter topics, while older children might be more interested in crushing and very light romance. And while all children’s stories are essentially coming of age, middle grade is the time when we first discover the big bad world. Themes like being self-conscious, friendship, and even bullying in modern times, are interesting to the children who like to read about discovering oneself. On the other hand, humor, adventure, and fantasy will interest other children.
That’s what makes age so important in middle grade fiction.
1) Age in Middle Grade fiction
Your protagonist can be a little older or younger than your targeted audience, however, an 8-year-old might not pick up a book about a 7-year-old protagonist, but they will definitely pick it up even if the protagonist was aged 9 or 10. So, ideally, the age of the protagonist will be the same or older than your intended readers. For example, a late middle grade fiction protagonist can be aged 13 or even 14. 14 can be too young for young adult (depending on the story), but it can fit in late middle grade fiction. Children like to read about characters that are a little older than themselves – but not too much.
2) Middle Grade fiction: early ages 8-10
The second difference between early and late middle grade fiction stems from the themes, situations, and aims of your novel. If your novel is aimed at the younger crowd of eight to ten-year-olds, then your themes should revolve around friendship, family, humor. In other words, lighter themes that would engage the mind of the children. Many kids turn into lifelong readers at this age, which makes your novel really important. It’s one thing to write a great novel that all adults can enjoy, but writing the kind of novel that will make an 8-year-old say “I want to read more stories like this” is a completely different thing. The early middle grade novels focus more on lighthearted stories, like child superheroes and their friends. Some of them maybe even have juvenile humor (think fart jokes), because that’s what some middle graders want to read. You’re not writing a school textbook; you’re providing entertainment for children. And while it’s okay to dab into serious themes and topics, you have to do it while using the right perspective and voice. When you’re writing novels aimed for the early middle grade age, think more like a child and less like a young adult.
3) Middle Grade fiction: late ages 11-13
The latter ages, from 11 to 13 are a very special time in a child’s life. Children slowly leave more and more of their childhood behind, and they get closer and closer to being teenagers. An 11-year-old might be interested in reading about the adventures of an 8-year-old child, but chances are they would be more interested in a protagonist who is 12 or 13. The themes in this age range from friendship and family to first crush and romance. These are the times when the child begins to really see the world around them. The children that sit alone at lunch have different views of the world than those who walk around in a clique of friends. Belonging and fitting in become important themes that continue into the young adult (teenage) age, and while birthday parties and sleepovers are the highlight of a child’s social life, when they do not happen, there is a reason for it.
However, this doesn’t mean that just because you decided to make your protagonist 12 years old, that you need to shy away from lighter topics and adventure (and even fart jokes). Kids are different, and some kids want to read about self-discovery, but others just want the fun a story can bring.
4) Finding the kid voice
The voice of your protagonist is, obviously, the most important, regardless of whether you’re writing in first person point of view or third. First, you need to decide how eloquent the protagonist will be. A child up to 13 years old will not use words that are too long or too obscure. An even younger child might still have problems saying some words. For example, the word repercussions might become ripper cushions.
There are three ways for you to try to capture the voice of your protagonist (and other children in your novel). First, you can (and must!) read other books in your intended genre. Not to copy, but to see how it’s done, and to determine whether it’s good or not. The second way is by delving deep into your own childhood memories and remembering what it was like to be in that age. The third way to do this is by talking, conversing, and communicating with children of the same age.
Because here is the kicker: you might have loved Anne of Green Gables as a child, especially if you grew up before the digital age came with all its smartphones and tablets and even hoverboards (even though they don’t hover). An 8-year-old today is much more viable to have a hoverboard rather than a skateboard. Your memories serve to put you in the child’s state of mind, but unless you spend time with children who are middle grade in 2018, you will not know how a child views a smartphone, a tablet, or a computer.
5) Getting inside the protagonist’s head
Since we’re talking about children, getting inside their heads (or, your protagonist’s head), is both easy in one aspect and difficult in another.
The reason why it’s easy: your protagonist has only lived for less than a decade. You do not need to craft an extensive backstory that includes everything the protagonist has been through up until the moment your novel starts.
The difficulty stems from the fact that you’re still an adult, and middle grade was a long time ago for you. Add in the fact that the world changes drastically in the last 20 years, this makes your job even more difficult. In addition, think about the message you’re sending. If you show a 10-year-old girl whose goal in the day is to make a cute Facebook selfie, what kind of a message are you sending to other 10-year-old girls?
However, this is where backstory comes to help, in addition with the three ways of finding the voice of a child we mentioned in the previous section.
How did your protagonist grow up? Does he or she live with both her parents, or is he or she the child of a single parent? Where are the grandparents? Are they in the picture or not, and if not, what happened to them? Moreover, how does the child feel about the presence (or lack thereof) of parents or grandparents?
Then, we move on to school. Did the child go to pre-school or not? If he or she did not go to pre-school, did he or she have problems socializing in elementary school? Then, move on to middle grade before the novel starts. How many friends? How good of a friends? What is their daily routine? Do they care about school and learning, or do they prefer to go out and play? Add in the modern technology – is the child more comfortable sitting at home playing Nintendo Wii or PlayStation, or they prefer to go out and play football?
Create one normal day in the life of your protagonist, follow his or her thoughts and goals during that day, and figure out the right moment when his or her adventure begins.
6) Mixing in other genres
Adventure is prevalent in middle grade fiction, as well as children’s fiction, not because the characters go on a literal adventure (although, most often they do), but because the events of the novel are presented as such.
But, you can target any kind of genre towards children, within some limits, of course. Science fiction and fantasy, for example, but also mystery and slice-of-life become adventures when one constant in a child’s life is changed (visiting Grandma in the countryside, for example, can be a great slice-of-life adventure).
We already covered romance – it should be light, and you might add in a first kiss if the protagonist is of the older, late category. Mystery revolves around a missing item or a pet that has accidentally escaped.
You can cover tougher themes, because God knows that not every child has a happy childhood, but it goes without saying that if you choose to put a child in a thriller, then you’re not writing a book for children, regardless of their age. Unfortunately, children do not buy novels for themselves – their parents do, and if their parents decide that your novel has the potential to psychologically scar their children, your novel will remain on the shelf for years, waiting to be bought. This doesn’t mean that tougher themes cannot prevail in middle grade fiction – A Series of Unfortunate Events is prime example of how you can write books with difficult themes aimed at children. It’s all in the interpretation, perspective, and tone.
Part Two: Plotting, characterization, and narrative
For some writers, the most difficult thing is to know what to write. Other writers sit down and write a story in one sitting, no previous planning needed. Regardless of which group you belong to, knowing how to build a plot, how to show your characters within it, and to wrap it up in a narrative suitable and attractive to children, is imperative to telling a story. You might want to rely on instinct, and some writers are able to instinctively feel their way when telling a story, however, in most cases, something ends up missing.
For that reason, in this section, we’ll talk about plotting, characterization and narrative in middle grade fiction, and what makes middle grade fiction stand out.
1) Defining a protagonist
Defining the protagonist is a task that every writer takes on differently. Some writers prefer to discover more about their characters as they write the story, while others define their protagonists from the start.
Here, we will talk about defining the protagonist in the simplest sense. Besides age and appearance, you need to answer the following questions:
– What kind of traits does the protagonist possess?
– What kind of a lesson will the protagonist learn at the end?
– What changes in the protagonist from start to finish.
Your characters should not be perfect, even though they are children. Children can be just as ‘flawed’ as adults. By flawed, we do not mean ‘defect’ in any kind of way, we’re referring to traits that are and should be subjected to change. A child that doesn’t know how to share might be told that they are about receive a baby brother or a sister. The story revolves around the child learning how to share with friends, cousins and relatives. A spoiled child, for example, might learn that just because they want that new shiny expensive object, it doesn’t mean that they need it.
Sure, you might tell yourself, “I want to write a story about an orphaned child,” but unless you define that orphan, his or her surroundings, the things that he or she will learn along the way, you will have a series of events that might be loosely connected via cause and effect, but at the end, the readers will ask themselves, “so, what was the point of this story?”
And, you don’t really want that, do you?
2) Creating the plot
In a good novel, there are always two things: a plot and a character’s arc for the protagonist. When you have a well-defined protagonist, when you know which traits the protagonist will change, you can create a plot that will help you bring these things to life. The plot is easy to define: in all novels, the protagonist is presented with a problem that they have to solve. The protagonist always goes for the easiest solution, which leads us to the first plot point. However, the easiest solution doesn’t work, and it is only when the protagonist learns his or her lesson, when they change for the better, that we get the second plot point – the correct solution to the problem, and from there, move on to the resolution of the overall conflict.
In middle grade fiction, these problems do not have to be worldly problems where the child has to save the world (although, there are great novels out there where children do save the world). Saving the world can mean anything for a child. Saving the world can mean defeating the neighborhood bully for good just so that the protagonist and his or her friends can play outside again in peace without the bully bothering them.
Once the protagonist has a single goal in mind, you can begin to build your novel in three acts.
Act 1: The first act in any novel is always the same: you introduce your characters, the protagonist, and the normal world where they live and interact. Even if you’re writing science fiction or fantasy, you need to define the “normal world” and present it to the readers. Act 1 also introduces the problem that the protagonist has to solve, and the inciting incident that causes the problem or makes the protagonist aware of it. When the protagonist makes the easiest (wrong) decision to solve the problem (or even deny it), you end the first act and begin with the second.
Act 2: At the beginning of act 2, it appears as if the protagonist has made the right decision. Things might even go really well for a while. However, since the problem hasn’t really been solved, this leads to small disasters, then bigger ones, until finally, the protagonist has to really face the problem and make the right decision. This moment is known as the second plot point, and this is when the second act ends.
In the third act, or, the resolution, the protagonist, now changed for the better, has made the right decision, and the time has come to either defeat the enemy, or fight a final battle, or do something that previously they did not want to even consider doing. This leads to the ending.
Now, the above is only a blueprint. You need to build up the plot as such following the line of cause and effect. You need to get from the inciting incident to the first plot point, and then to the second.
Another thing you must remember is that the first and second plot points are not connected by cause and effect directly. As such, with the help of your cast of characters and the protagonist’s traits, you can add subplots – small mini stories that include the other characters and that help you show your protagonist’s character better, or a bigger subplot that will take more page time and run almost parallel to the main one. Whichever way you decide to go, remember that every scene needs to be either plot related, subplot related via cause and effect, and serve to portray your characters better. If it’s just slice of life without any real plot-related substance, that scene will have to go.
3) Defining the cast of characters
There are two reasons why you need a cast of characters in your novel. The first is because your protagonist will never be all-knowing and able to do everything by themselves. Another reason is connected to the protagonist. The easiest way to show a character’s personality traits is in contrast with other characters. Adult characters help you show better the mind of a child – especially through the relationship between the child and the adult character.
Besides, the world of children can be full of people: friends, family members, extended family members, teachers, school mates, and more. Defining the cast of characters means choosing the role of each character. Once you’ve defined the role, you will have to create extensive backstories for the characters. The backstories will help you give each character a distinct voice, which is highly important, especially in scenes with dialogue.
What you need to remember, at all times, is who is telling the story. Writing in omnipresent point of view gives you the opportunity to get into many characters’ head and reveal things to the reader that the protagonist doesn’t know. On the other hand, writing in first or third person limited point of view means telling a story as the protagonist – no jumping around in other people’s heads. What the protagonist knows is the same thing that the readers know.
Remember that you’re writing a story about children meant to be read by children. Keep the narrative in the spirit of childhood, even if you’re showing themes that are difficult for a child to fully comprehend. Using words that children understand is imperative, keeping the violence to a minimum is preferable, and keeping the tone light and hopeful ideal for a middle grade story.
On the other hand, if your narrative is adult-like, how do you expect children to fully understand and enjoy your novel? Children can tell when the narrator is “adult” just by reading a couple of paragraphs. This makes them not want to finish reading and leave your novel aside in favor of novels with a lighter narrative that enables them to go on a ride, have an adventure, and still understand everything that’s happening.
5) Themes and ideas
Reading other middle grade books will give you a good idea on the themes and ideas that are prevalent in it. From love, friendship, family, to loyalty, courage, bravery, determination and perseverance. Including kindness, empathy, working in a team, and compassion. Conveying these ideas in writing is a different matter entirely. One of the best ways to show these themes is through the events of the plot.
Perseverance is shown through the protagonist taking on impossible odds and achieving his or her goal. The only difference between adult fiction and middle grade fiction, when it comes to themes, is the representation. For a child, perseverance can be shown by not giving up on even the simplest of goals. Kindness is shown through adversary, while true friendship, just like true love, can survive all sorts of trials.
What you should not do is try to cram too many themes into one novel. Choose one or two prevalent themes that the plot will revolve around, and let the other themes show themselves naturally in specific moments or events in the novel.
6) Impact of the modern age on Middle Grade fiction
As we previously said, a middle grader today will most probably ride a hoverboard rather than a skateboard. Kids from today barely even know what a landline telephone with a cord is, let alone a VHS. But, they do know how to use tablets, smartphones, and computers from a very young age.
Sure, you can omit technology in your novel, but that automatically transfers your novel back to the 90s when smartphones did not exist. But, today’s children might not find your novel believable. For example, a child running away from home and spending a day on their own in the city might have worked as a story in the 90s, but today? Today that kid will have their phone on them, so either have the kid discard the phone, or show the kid answering or ignoring its parents’ frantic phone calls. Point is, modern technology is a big part of children’s worlds today, and you should find a way to use it in your novel. Even social media is becoming more and more present in children’s world, as more and more kids have connections on Facebook and Instagram.
Adding modern technology in your novel does not encumber you in any way, especially since the use of technology by children opens up many opportunities for themes like childhood and what it means in the modern world, how fast do you grow up with technology at your fingertips, and what kind of dangers can come, not from the outside world, but from the world inside a child’s smartphone.
Part Three: Illustrations and other extras in Middle Grade fiction
It’s very uncommon for an adult novel to have illustrations and other extras, but even adults are happy when a book offers something more than just words and sentences. When it comes to children, these extras can make your novel even more attractive. If you’re writing a middle grade fiction novel, you need to consider which one of these extras you can and should include.
By default, this will depend on the story you’re telling, and on the impact you’re trying to achieve. In the last part of this guide, we’ll be focusing on illustrations, writing style – especially, writing style meant for children, and other extras that can help you boost your novel to great levels.
1) Illustrations: yes or no?
If you’re writing for the early middle graders, ages 8 to 10, you might want to consider adding illustrations to your novel. Now, there are a few things you need to know. Unless you’re a gifted illustrator, you will need to hire one to create these for you. That means commissioning art, which might be expensive, especially if you’re self-publishing. If a big publishing house stands behind you, on the other hand, illustrations might be included in your novel regardless of whether or not you want them in your novel or nor.
If you decide to go for it, know that early middle grade fiction allows for full page illustrations of places, characters, and events. But, this might make your book longer and more expensive to print. On the other hand, if you’re writing for ages 10 and up, you should remember that one illustration of an object or a character at the beginning of each chapter is enough.
2) Mixing other genres
Middle grade fiction, as we previously said, turns any kind of story into an adventure, due to the ages of the characters and the protagonist. However, here are a few things to keep in mind if you wish to mix in other genres.
Science fiction and fantasy: do not think that it’s easy to add science fiction and fantasy in a novel for middle graders, thinking that since these kids barely know the laws of science, no one can dispute your worldbuilding. But that’s not exactly true. Children know and understand rules, and if you deem to break your own worldbuilding rules in science fiction and fantasy, they will know what you’ve done. Many of them will scoff and say, “that’s not possible,” and they’ll be taken out of the story just like any adult would.
If you wish to mix in a mystery, treat your protagonist like a mini-detective with a keen mind, and do not offer the solution out of the blue. Have the protagonist solve the mystery by following clues and making the right deductions (and wrong ones from which he will learn). Do not believe that you get a shortcut just because you’re writing for children, working under the false belief that children will believe anything.
Of course, children have great imagination, and yes, if you present a planet that has no gravity in your story and everybody is flying around on the surface, then they will accept the possibility of such a planet existing. But, this doesn’t mean that you can also have that planet rain candy out of rainbow-colored clouds, wrappers and everything. Keep it real and imaginative, rather than throwing everything on the wall and see what sticks, even if it doesn’t make sense.
3) Writing style
One of the biggest mistakes you can make in writing for middle graders (and children in general) is to write down at them. They are children, but they are neither slow nor stupid. There is no need for you to repeat the same things over and over again, and there is no need for you to dumb down the language and writing style.
Remember, middle grade is the age when children begin to discover the world. They are curious and can be very sharp at times, and they will know when a writer is dumbing it down. There is no need for that.
However, a middle grade novel is also not the place for philosophical statements, recollections, and long paragraphs of inner reflection and thoughts. This has the opposite effect: the children read but do not understand much, which means, they are not enjoying reading your novel. And while some adults might overcome this problem and finish your novel, children will stop reading and never go back to it.
Your best bet is to have a child read your middle grade story (or a part of it). Gauge their reaction and then make changes accordingly.
4) On preaching vs. teaching
When it comes to talking down to children, another problem that arises is the difference between preaching and teaching. Teaching is guiding the child to understanding something about life. You do not tell them, you show them and you help them come to the right conclusion and learning the lesson.
Preaching, on the other hand, is telling the child over and over again that the sky is blue and can only be blue (even though it can be grey when it rains, white when it snows, black at night). Everyone has their own beliefs, but writers always face the problem of preaching – even when writing for adults. Do not preach your principles and opinions in your novel, especially not when it’s intended for children. With the theme of your novel in mind, find a way to include important life lessons in it – but through the eyes and perspective of your protagonist.
Guide your protagonist, let your protagonist learn on his own, and you will not have the problem of preaching in your novel. Yes, stealing is bad, for example, but instead of having five different characters say that in five different scenes, have the protagonist steal something, face the consequences, and then learn and understand why stealing is wrong.
5) Creating impact and grabbing attention
Here is the moment where your creativity shows itself to its full light. Alas, maybe you wanted to wind surf when you were a kid, and maybe you think that this will be so fun to depict in a novel, but unless that activity makes sense in the story, it might not really belong in there.
Your middle grade novel is not the place where you can live out your childhood wishes and things you never got to do.
On the other hand, having a middle grader attend school and only school in your novel is also not a good idea, even though school takes up most of a child’s day. Focus on action, and on change. Open your novel with the child going to school, then immediately have the action happen that jumpstarts the plot. Middle grade fiction novels are shorter, in general, than adult contemporary novels. This means that you need to exclude everything that’s not necessary to the story. Keep school only if the story happens at the school. And even then, in the name of entertainment, make the events that happen both fun and realistic.
6) Importance of word count
When it comes to word count, middle grade fiction ranges anywhere from 20K to 50-60K. This is because children have shorter attention spans than adults, and if they see that a book is ‘very big’ they might not even want to read it. And while that epic fantasy revolving around children will be awesome for you to write, the children meant to read it might not be interested in reading such a long novel, no matter how amazing it might actually be.
On the other hand, a shorter novel means a quicker plot (because you still need to get from plot point one to plot point two). You have less page time to show and develop and flesh out your characters, so make sure that every scene in your novel has an impact on the plot and it serves to show character. Otherwise, you will have to cut it out in the editing process.
All readers want to read a story that they enjoy. Some readers prefer to read a story that will take them on an adventure and make them think. Other readers prefer only the adventure. They read to escape, not to reflect on the real world or their own lives.
Children are the same. Your story might be an adventure that also teaches kids about love, friendship, loyalty, and more, or your story might be intended to make children laugh. Whichever way you go, if your characters are vivid enough, if your story is interesting, and if you do not write down to children and preach in your story, then children will love it. Writing a great novel for adults is easier because we are also adults, and we understand adults a lot more. Writing a great novel for children might be more difficult, but it can be done, and who knows when the next JK Rowling will come along?
Keep writing and practicing your craft, and you will write a novel that all kids would enjoy. Good luck!
Georgina Roy wants to live in a world filled with magic. As a screenwriting student, she is content to fill notebooks and sketchbooks with magical creatures and amazing new worlds. When she is not at school, watching a film or scribbling away in a notebook, you can usually find her curled up, reading a good urban fantasy novel, or writing on her own. | <urn:uuid:b1258746-c138-4380-9348-4994faf05f41> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://writingtipsoasis.com/how-to-write-middle-grade-fiction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.960825 | 6,796 | 3.90625 | 4 |
28 Apr 2015
EASTERN AUSTRALIA LISTED AS GLOBAL FRONT FOR DEFORESTATION
Eastern Australia has been listed in a new report as a global front for deforestation.
WWF International’s Living Forests Report: Saving Forests at Risk, launched today, lists eastern Australia as one of 11 places around the world that will account for 80 per cent of global forest loss by 2030.
Eastern Australia joins other deforestation fronts in the Amazon, the Atlantic Forest and Gran Chaco, Borneo, the Cerrado, Choco-Darien, the Congo Basin, East Africa, Greater Mekong, New Guinea and Sumatra.
About 70 per cent of the Forests of Eastern Australia global biodiversity hotspot – made up of temperate forests and rainforests in New South Wales and Queensland – have been cleared or disturbed, while only 18 per cent is protected.
The report warns that a weakening of laws to control deforestation in New South Wales and Queensland could bring a resurgence of large-scale forest clearing, mainly for livestock.
WWF-Australia CEO Dermot O’Gorman said the report puts Australia right up there with the worst places for deforestation in the world.
“If business as usual continues, we will see more Australian species disappear as well as the continuing decline of our water, topsoil and local and regional climate,” Mr O’Gorman said.
While the Queensland Government has made a positive commitment to re-introduce bushland protections, the New South Wales Government – which has elsewhere ‘committed to enhancing the State’s biodiversity for the benefit of current and future generations’1 – is repealing clearing protections which could re-ignite the single biggest threat to native species in that state.
Globally, the report shows that current deforestation rates could see the equivalent of a forest almost the size of Queensland (170 million hectares) wiped out in just 20 years.
It shows that Borneo - which is divided among Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei – has lost 30% of its forests in the last four decades, with conversion for oil palm plantations the largest driver of deforestation. Current deforestation rates will see up to 21.5 million hectares of Borneo’s forest lost by 2020.
Mr O’Gorman praised the release last year of the Australian Government’s draft Asia-Pacific Rainforest Recovery Plan, which aims to provide a regional commitment to reduce rainforest loss in places like Borneo.
“Today’s report highlights the urgency of finalising plans such as the Asia-Pacific Rainforest Recovery Plan, and for strong enforcement of Australia’s Illegal Logging Prohibition Act, which came into force in late 2014,” he said.
“But we also need to tackle deforestation in our own backyard. With better planning, management and collaboration at a landscape scale, we can sustainably increase production and meet local development needs, while conserving critical ecosystems.”
The report recommends a range of solutions for stopping the march of deforestation at each of the 11 global fronts. These include:
- Promoting sustainable forest management practices that provide an economic alternative to forest conversion;
- Establishing expanded, strengthened and well-connected networks of protected areas;
- Removing unsustainably produced agriculture and forestry products from global supply chains;
- Strengthening and clarifying land use rights; and
- Establishing mechanisms that place greater value on ecosystem services like water quality, soil stabilisation, erosion control and climate change mitigation.
WWF-Australia Media Contact:
Charlie Stevens, Senior Communications Officer
The Living Forests Report aims to catalyse debate on the future role and value of forests in a world where humanity is living within the Earth’s ecological limits and sharing its resources equitably. The Living Forests Model, which WWF developed with the, forms the basis for the Living Forests Report:
- NSW Farming: Investing Locally, Connecting Globally – Memorandum of Understanding. 25 March 2015. | <urn:uuid:84df0e80-1d08-4ca2-b2a0-b09b63f4fce7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://wwf.org.au/news/2015/eastern-australia-listed-as-global-front-for-deforestation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.915802 | 840 | 3.21875 | 3 |
AARP recently conducted research to better understand what happiness and well-being mean to middle aged and older Americans. Insights are guiding AARP on developing benefits to increase happiness and well-being among its constituents.
Key findings included:
Most Americans ages 35+ are happy, but compared to historical General Social Survey (GSS) data, levels of happiness are on the decline and at their lowest levels (due in part to the economy). Overall, most respondents (68%) report being Happy with the largest percentage indicating that they are Pretty happy. There is a U-shaped happiness curve; early 50s is the lowest point of well being.
Regardless of age, good relationship with friends, family and even pets were found to be universally important and the key driver of happiness. However, as people continue to age and eventually retire, they are able to devote more time to building relationships and enjoying simple everyday pleasures. Those who are married or in a relationship are the happiest. Conversely, lowest levels of happiness are observed among those who are single.
While the majority of those surveyed feel they have control over their personal level of happiness, those who feel in control reported they were 2.5 times happier than those who felt happiness was out of their control. Control is linked to higher income and education, good health and lack of having experienced a major life event
Health is a universal enabler of happiness; without health, it is difficult to achieve happiness. Those who report Excellent health are the most likely to indicate they are Very happy and least likely to report being Not too happy. Conversely, most of those in Poor or Terrible health indicate they are Not too happy. A comparison of perceptions of health against number of serious conditions indicates there is a relative view of good health based on one’s age.
Income matters, but does not guarantee happiness. It becomes a resource which can be applied to meaningful areas of one’s life. Lack of financial resources is tied to unhappiness.
For more information, please contact Jean Koppen at 202-434-6311. | <urn:uuid:d9494cfe-0cb4-4c3b-af66-56b3d7185745> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.aarp.org/pri/topics/social-leisure/relationships/happiness-report-2012/?cmp=RDRCT-78411c0f-20200402 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.975939 | 422 | 2.953125 | 3 |
How to Properly Use and Maintain Wood Cutting Blades?
Proper use and maintenance of wood cutting blades is important to maintain blade performance and extend its service life. Here are some key steps for using and maintaining wood cutting blades:
Proper use of wood cutting blades:
1. Choose the appropriate blade model and specification: Choose the appropriate blade model and specification according to the specific cutting task to ensure efficient cutting.
2. Make sure the blade is installed correctly: Install the blade correctly according to the knife manufacturer's instructions, and make sure the blade matches the cutting machine's spindle and drive.
3. Use the appropriate cutting speed and depth: Choose the appropriate cutting speed and depth according to the type of wood, blade model and cutting task to avoid excessive wear or damage to the blade.
4. Avoid excessive pressure: During the cutting process, avoid excessive pressure or driving force, as this may cause the blade to break or be damaged.
5. Avoid using damaged or worn blades: Check the status of the blade promptly and replace it with a new blade immediately if any damage or wear is found.
Proper maintenance of wood cutting blades:
1. Clean the blade: Clean the blade in time after use to remove attached wood chips and impurities to avoid accumulation on the blade and affecting its performance.
2. Check the status of the blade: Check the status of the blade regularly, including the degree of wear, cracks and other damage to the blade. If problems are found, the blade should be replaced in time.
3. Replace worn blades: Since blade wear will reduce cutting efficiency and damage cutting quality, worn blades need to be replaced regularly.
4. Store the blade: When not in use, store the blade in a dry, dust-free place to avoid damage or corrosion.
5. Use appropriate lubricant: Use appropriate lubricant to lubricate the blade according to the tool manufacturer's recommendations to reduce wear and extend its service life.
In summary, proper use and maintenance of wood cutting blades is important to maintain blade performance and extend its lifespan. You can ensure the performance of your wood cutting blades in production by selecting the appropriate blade model and specification, ensuring proper installation, using the appropriate cutting speed and depth, avoiding excessive pressure, promptly replacing broken or worn blades, and regularly cleaning and checking blade status. Maintain optimal condition and extend service life during the process. | <urn:uuid:6126848d-726b-46d6-aa35-0c1cb7bd0766> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.alldiamondtools.com/new/Wood-Cutting-Blades.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.872493 | 490 | 2.5625 | 3 |
A prototype’s UI showcases core featuresIt looks as close to the final product as possible. And works pretty similar to it as well, with a comprehensible interface and many handy features to explore. But as we said, it’s just a prototype, an example of how a tool like this might look like and function in a clinical setting. This is what’s called a functional prototype and it brings a lot of value for companies embarking on a product development journey. Let’s talk about how, why, and when you should create a functional prototype.
What is a functional prototype? PoC vs Prototype vs MVP
“If it can’t be made here, it can’t be made.” Priority DesignsPrototyping is an essential part of any production, whether you’re developing hardware or software. It can take many forms: hand-drawn and modeled using paper, visualized in wireframes or 3D-printed. It can even be coded and designed to some extent, like our x-ray analysis tool. But it must always fulfill its main purpose – testing whether your assumptions actually work.
A prototype is often confused with a proof of concept (PoC) and a minimum viable product (MVP). You can often find them used interchangeably because every team decides what their validation product will be named. But to help you understand, we'll define terms.
A proof of concept is a very rough representation of the future product, created in the cheapest and fastest way – sometimes, even within days. It can be a presentation or a diagram. In some cases, it can also be coded. In case a PoC is technically developed, it can be also called a feasibility prototype, which we will talk about further.
A prototype is created with more effort, usually with a lot of attention to the product’s design. It must illustrate the look and feel of the future product and is utilized in user testing.
Finally, an MVP is available for public use and aims to collect feedback from people who used it independently, outside of the user testing environment.
How a prototype differs from a proof of concept and an MVP
If you follow the agile development process, you will have to do a lot of testing. And at different stages of production, you will have to test using prototypes of different complexity.
Prototypes can manifest themselves in different forms
A prototype might take the form of a flowchart that allows the team to share ideas and make quick changes to the big picture stuff. Flowcharts are not intended to be tested on end users.
Also, wireframes, drawn on a whiteboard or in special software environments like Balsamiq, will be useful early on, when you’re not yet sure about the final look and feel and want to simply test how users might interact with the product.
At the same time, a mockup demonstrates the design and tests whether users react to it as intended.
Demonstrating the difference between wireframes, mockups, and high-definition prototypes Source: Aha!
The be-all and end-all of product testing is a functional prototype. Also called a working prototype, it makes users feel as if they’re interacting with the real thing and includes as much as possible features, graphics, and content intended to appear in the final product. One big difference is that it doesn’t usually have a full back end and is often created in specialized tools that allow for making the experience clickable and interactive.
Despite closely mimicking a part of the final experience, a functional prototype bears the features of all the above-mentioned prototypes, meaning that it must:
- be made quickly and relatively inexpensively,
- cover the functionality you need to test the most, and
- take far less effort than real development requires.
Functional prototypes are usually made further into development to give users something to test on and to demonstrate the vision in detail for additional funding. Yet sometimes they can be developed early on. To understand how you should prototype based on your goals and stage of development, let’s talk about different forms a functional prototype may take.
Comparing functional prototypes
Feasibility prototype – Testing technical limitations
Feasibility analysis is one of the things new entrepreneurs often choose to skip. And they usually end up paying for it. Checking the product’s feasibility is basically finding out whether it can be made considering current technical, economic, legal, operational, and scheduling factors. While many of these aspects can be checked by doing research and employing outside consultants, technical feasibility must be put to practice via building a workable version of the product – a feasibility prototype.
The feasibility study occurs at the pre-development stage
Why create a feasibility prototype?
A feasibility prototype is most useful in the following scenarios.
New or innovative product. When there are no live examples on the market, you will face too many risks and uncertainties, so you must check if your idea can be realistically brought to life with current technologies.
New technology. If this technology hasn’t yet been used to develop your type of product, you must prepare for problems that will inevitably arise, for example, performance and scalability issues.
No prior experience. You need to make sure you can develop a product when no member of the team has ever done so, has no programming experience, or skills to work with a specific technology.
When to create a feasibility prototype?
A feasibility prototype must be created before you start any of the development since it’s aimed to catch risks and wrong techniques early on. It’s also one of the main things to show your investors and stakeholders, so it’s often brought to pitch meetings.
What a feasibility prototype must be like?
A feasibility prototype must cost very little, both financially and engineering-wise. Usually, one or two engineers write a code sample, which looks like a small section of the final product back end, that will be enough to test main feasibility concerns. However, after it fulfilled its mission, this code is often thrown away and rewritten into an improved version.
But since often the product’s feasibility must be demonstrated to stakeholders, it’s not enough to show the written report with the coding outcome. That’s why you also need a simple interface with a few key features that can be interacted with and output the expected result.
Example of a feasibility prototype
Feasibility prototypes usually manifest themselves in the form of concepts and demos. Our sentiment analysis tool for aggregating hotel reviews is a good example. It was an internal machine learning experiment for checking a specific product idea: If brands use sentiment analysis to scour the web for customer reviews, maybe we can give travelers a similar app to check what guests think about hotels, all in one place, conveniently categorized for easy review.
Choicy is now used as a demo for our clients in the travel technology market
The team was challenged with testing what machine learning model would work best for labeling sentiment in reviews. They ended up using a convolutional neural network for scoring hotels and a hierarchical attention-based, position-aware network to score amenities within hotels.
High-fidelity user prototypes – Simulating user experience
While a feasibility prototype has a strong back end and involves some coding, a user prototype is just a simulation of the future product created on a special platform. Produced by UX and UI designers to be true graphical representations of the final product, its main purpose is to get feedback by watching user interactions live. Typically, your product development team shows a high-fidelity prototype at user interviews and asks people to perform tasks, notes their reactions, observes their body language, and so on.
Why create a high-fidelity prototype?
A high-fidelity (hi-fi) prototype will allow you to validate most of your UX and information architecture ideas with target users before the launch. Since it’s clickable and interactive, it’s much easier for people to work with it and share their honest thoughts. Create a hi-fi prototype if you need the following.
Collect human performance data. User researchers carefully time how long it takes for an end-user to locate the required button, fulfill basic tasks, and get acquainted with the system. These metrics help them understand if their assumptions were correct and find alternative ideas.
Test UI, colors, copy, and animations. Visual elements can signal important information, entertain, evoke emotions, or even distract from core tasks. User reactions to certain details will help designers smooth out the experience and match it to what the product wants to evoke and represent.
Get client and team member feedback. Often used in presentations and pitches, high-fidelity prototypes are effective for sharing your vision with stakeholders, teammates, clients, and getting them on board.
Save time and money. Although it takes certain resources to create hi-fi prototypes, these are significantly lower than if you were redoing the product’s whole navigation in the active phases of development.
When to create a high-fidelity prototype?
Of course, it’s better to use hi-fi prototypes as soon as possible, but they usually can be created only after you have the product’s visual design, interaction elements, screens, animations, and copy figured out, all of which happen later in the development lifecycle.
What a high-fidelity prototype must be like?
As we mentioned, hi-fi prototypes are typically created using specialized tools. Invision, Adobe XD, and Marvel are some of the popular environments allowing designers to import their visuals from Photoshop and Illustrator and create interactive screens using drag and drop features, templates, and libraries of common elements.
In the end, a high-fidelity prototype can be published and then accessed simply by a link on the web, allowing users to experience it similar to how they would with the real thing.
Examples of high-fidelity prototypes
There’s no shortage of high-fidelity prototypes to study on the web as they’re easily shareable and often represented in designer portfolios.
You can click through this prototype of a flight booking app Source: Justinmind
You can go through detailed examples posted by Justinmind and Marvel and review designer projects on Dribbble.
High-fidelity prototypes are usually what comes to mind when you think about prototypes. But they have some limitations that can be addressed in the next type of functional prototypes – live-data ones.
Live-data prototypes – Observing the product in the wild
A live-data prototype must be the most detailed and useful tool in product testing and validation. It’s also closest to the production software that actual users will be working with. Basically, live data prototypes access real data sources via APIs to incorporate live traffic. They’re often coded on top of existing products to run limited use cases, but they can’t be put into business yet because that would require much more effort. Let’s talk about why and how a live-data prototype works.
Why create a live-data prototype?
Why is it important to use live data? How does it help? Well, as valuable as user testing with high-fidelity prototypes may be, it lacks that last piece of simulation, where people interact with their own data instead of the fake kind.
Imagine that you’re developing a cooking app and want to see how a user interacts with your recipe selection. As you’re showing them numerous pictures of meat dishes, you learn that a person is actually vegan and can’t see themselves using this app at all. Since you haven’t given a person much choice over their search results, they can’t give you honest feedback on what it feels like using the app. So, consider creating a live-data prototype for the following reasons.
Learn how the product idea performs in real life. At a much lower price, you get to see real usage scenarios, rather than ones simulated and controlled by designers.
Reduce the risk of innovation. One of the most difficult tasks in product development is finding out if your innovative product solves a real user problem or responds to a market need. Both user and live-data prototypes can reduce costs spent on building another unwanted product.
Generate real analytics. If user interactions with the product are realistic, you get much more practical metrics that can be successfully compared with the ones gathered after the product launch.
When to create a live-data prototype?
Live-data prototypes are coded, so they can be created as soon as you have access to developers -- meaning as early as possible. At the same time, you don’t need to test all of your features with live data, and if you’re already in the middle of production, you can populate your hi-fi prototype with live data as you see fit.
In many cases, user prototypes must be enough, so apply live data when you have to test how users respond to familiar content.
What a live-data prototype must be like?
Marty Cagan, a product management guru who’s been writing about prototyping for over a decade, finds a live-data prototype to be “somewhere between 20 and 50 percent of the work of building production software.” He notes a common problem: when the team over-engineers their live-data prototypes, virtually negating the whole idea behind failing fast.
At the same time, the whole company must understand the difference between a prototype and software in production – people might get confused about the project status and start selling it prematurely.
Framer supports API, JSON, CSV, TSV, and Airtable data Source: Framer
While live-data prototyping is the most advanced prototype form, it also becomes more accessible – a designing tool Framer allows you to populate your designs with real data by supporting different data sources. You can build a context-aware search feature by pulling items from any data source.
Example of a live-data prototype
Former product designer at Kentico Adam Amran shared the company’s experience with embracing live-data prototyping in his Medium post. Kentico, which develops content management tools, was aimed at validating their notification feature. So, they built a prototype on top of an existing product that was accessed via a standalone URL.
A notification prototype on top of Kentico’s CMS Source: Adam Amran
To test, they asked users to log into their accounts. It soon became clear that participants could easily relate to what was happening on the screen since they were seeing notifications about what they were working on and their colleagues’ names. They also prepared a separate session with dummy data in case users wouldn’t agree to share their own, but users were okay with sharing theirs.
This context-aware testing also revealed the problem that wouldn’t have been discovered otherwise – one user was used to working with language variants and they pointed out that the notifications lacked those. This gave the product team unique insight and an idea for improvement.
Of course, in most cases, you would use a few types of functional prototypes at different stages, sometimes combining them into one hybrid prototype. But it’s important to understand why you’re expending the effort and what you plan to learn with it. Let’s talk about some best practices of prototyping you may find useful.
How to approach a functional prototype
We previously highlighted all the different reasons and benefits of creating a functional prototype. Yet you don’t always need one. There are two common scenarios that make a functional prototype effective.
Scenario 1. You have an innovative product idea for the untapped niche. You assembled a group of passionate individuals and composed a business plan. But you still must prove to potential investors that your idea is worth financing. Here, you require an effective demonstration to support your pitch that will help you stand out in the crowd.
Scenario 2. You have your proof of concept and are already deep into the production. It’s time to test some of your decisions on real people and validate them before it’s too late.
If either scenario reflects your situation, here are the main steps in developing a functional prototype.
Remember that we’re talking about a functional prototype that naturally takes longer to create than wireframes and flowcharts drafted on a piece of paper. So, before getting started, ask yourself the following questions.
What is your current development stage? If you haven’t got a clue about your product design yet, it doesn’t make sense to proceed with a hi-fi prototype. Make sure you have enough resources to start prototyping and if not, focus on moving along the planned pipeline.
Who is the prototype's audience? Clients, investors, stakeholders, coworkers, and, of course, end users want to see different parts of the product. Investors require something that illustrates your main goal. End users don’t care how it works from the inside – it just must look the part. And if you’re simply getting feedback from teammates, a less polished version will do.
What is your budget? Also, how much time and resources are you ready to allocate right now? If your team is busy with an established product, you’ll need to hire extra designers or outsource prototyping of a new one.
Product requirements are some of the first things you define in the development process. For a prototype, as a compact version of that product, requirements must be formulated, too. The difference will be that a product requirements document is a bulkier piece of work.
Don’t miss our video on software planning documents to learn more
To establish functional prototype requirements, organize a workshop or a brainstorming session to quickly sketch what you want the prototype to look like, what it must accomplish, and who will do what. Use a wiki document to keep track of the changes and participants.
Creating user interfaces
Unless you’re building a feasibility prototype, your designers will get to work first. The UX design process starts with comprehensive user research and analysis and then moves on to preparing the navigation. In prototyping, everything happens fast, so designers mostly operate on assumptions. They will use handy prototyping tools that we discussed before to create beautiful interfaces that capture the desired user flow.
Coding (if needed)
If you don’t want to stop at high-definition user prototypes, designers might team up with engineers and discuss the scope of work. A solution architect is often involved to advise on the most cost-effective methods and technologies for the exact task. Just make sure that engineers know beforehand that they will be working on a prototype and control the scope of work, so they don’t over-engineer it.
Usability testing and collecting feedback
User interviews, remote or in-person are common ways to observe people as they’re interacting with the prototype. While we won’t go into detail on how they’re organized, there’s one tip we can share: Make sure people know that they’re testing a prototype – they will be more inclined to give negative feedback, understanding that the work isn’t finished. This method enables the collection of more information about problems that require fixing.
What prototypes won’t tell you and where an MVP steps in
Prototypes, especially functional ones, are useful and important. But they have one disadvantage – they won’t tell you whether your product will sell. People can say that they would definitely purchase it when it’s out, but then don’t. They pledge that it solves their problem, and then don’t use it. That’s why testing and iteration are in a continuous cycle, and prototypes help this cycle to continue.
What will help you determine the market fit is a minimum viable product (MVP). A common example would be early access to a video game available to a limited number of players to provide bug reports and feedback months or years before the completion.
Minecraft during its Alpha development phase Source: fandom.com
One of the most popular examples of successful MVPs is Minecraft Alpha – the 2010 version of the popular game, which first tested many of its current features, including multiplayer, AI, different environments, etc. As often happens with MVPs, 23 percent of the content in the Alpha version was scrapped after not getting enough validation.
A functional prototype becomes the basis for an MVP.
Prepare to fail and value all insights you learn from showing your prototype to end users and investors. If you do so, your product will succeed, or at least won’t cost you a fortune as it fails. | <urn:uuid:98f65fca-70a5-4310-987e-86aebb8e6f04> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.altexsoft.com/blog/functional-prototype/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.938324 | 4,285 | 2.84375 | 3 |
HIMARS (high-mobility artillery rocket system) is the newest member of the multiple-launch rocket system (MLRS) family.
HIMARS is a highly mobile artillery rocket system offering the firepower of MLRS on a wheeled chassis.
It was developed in 1996 by Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control under an advanced concept technology demonstration (ACTD) programme.
HIMARS is intended to engage and defeat artillery, air defence concentrations, trucks, and light armour and personnel carriers, as well as support troop and supply concentrations. The system launches its weapons and moves away from the area at high speed before enemy forces locate the launch site.
HIMARS rocket fire control system
HIMARS retains the same self-loading and autonomous features installed on the MLRS.
The improved launcher mechanical system (ILMS) upgrade and electronics of the improved fire control system (IFCS), which upgraded MLRS M270 launchers, are also fitted to HIMARS vehicles.
Lockheed Martin’s universal fire control system (UFCS), a further evolutionary upgrade of the fire control system, has completed development and qualification. From mid-2008, it is being fitted to full-rate production HIMARS. Successful HIMARS test firings of the ATACMS missile (in March 2008) and GMLRS rockets (in May 2008) took place using the new GPS-guided UFCS.
The high-mobility artillery rocket system is operated by a crew of three: the driver, gunner and section chief. However, the computer-based fire control system enables a crew of two or a single soldier to load and unload the system. The fire control system includes video, keyboard control, a gigabyte of programme storage and global positioning system (GPS). The fire control computer allows firing missions to be carried out in automatic or manual mode.
In a typical mission, a command and control post would transmit the selected target data via a secure data link to the HIMARS on-board launch computer. The computer then aims the launcher and provides prompt signals to the crew to arm and fire a pre-selected number of rounds. The launcher can aim at a target in just 16 seconds. It is possible for the crew to select pre-programmed multiple mission sequences, which have been stored in the computer.
High mobility artillery rocket system munitions
In addition to the standard MLRS round, HIMARS is capable of launching the entire MLRS family of munitions, including the extended-range rocket, the reduced-range practice rocket and all future variants. The high-mobility artillery rocket system can fire extended-range guided MLRS (GMLRS) rockets, army tactical missile system (ATACMS) missiles, and the next-generation precision strike missiles (PrSMs).
The extended-range MLRS rocket (ER-MLRS) improves the basic M26 range of 32km to more than 45km and the area of influence by 107%.
Extension of the HIMARS rocket motor has resulted in a reduction in the payload to 518 M85 grenades, but the dispersion of the grenades is improved for better effectiveness with fewer grenades.
In April 2004, HIMARS successfully test fired the new extended range guided rocket GMLRS, with a range of more than 70km.
The Lockheed Martin GMLRS rocket has a GPS, an inertial guidance package and small canards on the rocket nose to enhance accuracy. GMLRS completed system development and demonstration (SDD) tests in December 2002 and entered low-rate initial production in April 2003.
Initial operating capability (IOC) was achieved in 2006, but the system has been operationally deployed since September 2005 in Iraq. The GMLRS is an international programme involving the UK, Italy, France and Germany, as well as the US. The industrial team includes Diehl, MBDA and FiatAvio.
In May 2005, the first deliveries were made of a unitary variant of GMLRS, developed by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems, with a single 81.6kg (180lb) warhead and a range of up to 70km. In October 2003, Lockheed Martin was awarded an SDD contract for 86 unitary variant rockets, which were delivered in June 2005. In June 2007, GMLRS Unitary entered low-rate initial production (LRIP).
The PrSM fired from the HIMARS launcher reached its longest flight in a test conducted at the Vandenberg Space Force Base (VSFB), California, in October 2021.
Army tactical missile system (ATACMS)
HIMARS is capable of firing the long-range ATACMS (army tactical missile system) guided missile. The ATACMS family includes the Block I, Block IA and Block IA Unitary missiles. The Block I missile delivers 950 anti-personnel anti-material (AP/AM) baseball-sized M74 submunitions to ranges exceeding 165km.
The Block IA missile range exceeds 300km by reducing the submunition payload to 300 bomblets and adding GPS guidance. The missile, with a single-burst warhead, was first deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in March and April of 2003.
The programme to develop the Block II missile with GPS and 13 BAT (brilliant anti-tank) submissiles and the Block IIA missile with six improved BAT submissiles was cancelled in February 2003.
The high-mobility artillery rocket system carries a single six-pack of rockets on the army’s family of medium tactical vehicles (FMTV) 6×6 all-wheel drive 5t truck supplied by Armor Holdings Tactical Vehicle Systems Division (now BAE Systems Mobility & Protection Systems) in Texas.
The vehicle weighs approximately 24,000lb (10,886kg) compared to more than 44,000lb (19,958kg) for the MLRS M270 launcher.
HIMARS is transportable on the C-130 aircraft, allowing the system to be moved into areas previously inaccessible to the larger C-141 and C-5 aircraft required for the M270 launch vehicle.
HIMARS orders and deliveries
In January 2000, Lockheed Martin was awarded an EMD (engineering and manufacturing development) contract to provide six HIMARS launchers. A further two HIMARS launchers were ordered under a two-year user evaluation programme for the US Marines Corps.
US Army and Marine Corps signed a contract in March 2003 for the low-rate initial production (LRIP) of 89 launchers for the army and four for the USMC. In January 2004, a second LRIP contract was awarded in for 25 launchers for the army and one for the USMC. A third, consisting of 37 launchers for the army and one for the USMC, was awarded in January 2005. A total procurement of 900 launchers is planned.
In November 2004, HIMARS successfully completed initial operational test and evaluation (IOT&E). Three prototype HIMARS launchers were successfully used in combat during Operation Iraqi Freedom.
HIMARS entered service in June 2005 with the 27th Field Artillery, 18th Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The first full-rate production contract was awarded in December 2005.
HIMARS is also in service with 1st Battalion, 181st Field Artillery Tennessee National Guard, 158th Field Artillery Oklahoma National Guard (both since 2006) and 5th battalion, 3rd Field Artillery, Fort Lewis (since November 2007).
The first US Marine Corps battalion equipped with HIMARS, 2nd Battalion, 14th Marine Regiment, was deployed to Iraq in July 2007.
In September 2006, the United Arab Emirates requested the foreign military sale (FMS) of 20 HIMARS launchers plus munitions including 101 ATACMS block 1A, 101 ATACMS block 1A Unitary, 104 MLRS, 130 GMLRS and 130 GMLRS unitary rocket pods. The first unit was delivered in late 2009.
Lockheed Martin was awarded a further contract in January 2007 for 44 HIMARS systems for the US Army and 16 for the USMC.
The US Congress was notified of the proposed sale of 18 HIMARS launchers plus 32 Unitary GMLRS pods and 30 MLRS practice rocket pods to Singapore in September 2007. The first HIMARS launcher was delivered in July 2010. It was commissioned in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) fleet in September 2011.
A contract for 64 launchers (57 for the US Army and seven for the USMC) was placed in January 2009.
HIMARS has been evaluated to be used as a common launch platform for GMLRS and ATACMS munitions. Two advanced medium-range air-to-air missiles (AMRAAM) were successfully fired by the HIMARS launchers in March 2009.
In November 2010, BAE Systems signed a $16.3m contract with US Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) to supply an additional 44 HIMARS vehicles. The contract is a follow-on to the June 2010 award of $24m for 63 HIMARS vehicles and appliqué kits.
The US Army placed a $139.6m contract with Lockheed Martin in January 2011 for 44 combat-proven HIMARS, bringing the total launchers to 375. The 400th HIMARS launcher was received by the US Army in September 2011.
In December 2012, the Government of Qatar requested seven M142 HIMARS launchers with the UFCS, including other weapons from the US Government. The UAE requested 12 HIMARS launchers, 100 M57 ATACMS T2K (Block IA unitary) rockets, and 65 M31A1 GMLRS unitary pods from the US in September 2014.
Lockheed Martin was awarded a $23.17m contract modification by the US Department of Defence in December 2015 for Life Cycle Launcher Support (LCLS) III on all the HIMARS FCS and launcher modules of the US Army and US Marine Corps.
In July 2017, the US Army awarded a $73.8m contract to Lockheed Martin as part of phase two of the Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF) programme, which includes technology upgrades and risk control for the development of a prototype LRPF missile system that can be launched from M142 HIMARS launchers.
Lockheed Martin delivered its first fully built chassis and launcher HIMARS in July 2017.
The Government of Romania requested 54 HIMARS launchers from the US Defence Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) in August 2017. The sale also includes 81 GMLRS M31A1, 81 GMLRS M30A1 alternative warheads, ATACMS M57 unitary, and other weapons, at an estimated cost of $1.25bn.
In August 2018, the US Army awarded a $218m contract to Lockheed Martin for the production of 18 HIMARS launchers and associated hardware, as the part of an FMS contract by the end of December 2020.
Lockheed Martin was also awarded a $289m contract by the US Army in September 2018 for the production of 24 M142 HIMARS launchers and associated equipment by July 2022.
Lockheed Martin had delivered approximately 500 HIMARS launchers to the US Army and its international customers as of October 2018.
Lockheed Martin received a $1.14bn FMS contract to deliver GMLRS to Poland, Bahrain and Romania, in March 2019.
In July 2019, the company was awarded a $492m contract by the US Army Contracting Command to deliver M142 HIMARS launchers and associated hardware to the US Army, US Marine Corps, Romania and Poland by 2022.
Lockheed Martin was awarded a $431m contract to produce M142 HIMARS for the US Army and FMS partners in December 2022.
In February 2023, the US Department of State approved a $10bn FMS package including 18 HIMARS launchers to Poland.
Lockheed Martin delivered the first shipment of HIMARS launchers to Poland in May 2023.
In April 2023, Lockheed Martin $615m full-rate production contract from the US Army to manufacture additional HIMARS launchers and associated equipment.
The US Department of State approved potential sale of HIMARS rockets to Morocco for estimated $524.2m in the same month. | <urn:uuid:6fc61a3f-5f75-4a2f-88e6-b3cafe3685f1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.army-technology.com/projects/himars/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00099.warc.gz | en | 0.955094 | 2,514 | 2.65625 | 3 |
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