Datasets:

chujiezheng

/

wizard_of_wikipedia

like 2

[ "History of vegetarianism", "Why did the first people choose to be vegetarians?", "Interesting. Do you know when or how veganism originated?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ In most societies the great majority of people eat meat when they can get it, but increasing controversy and debate has arisen over the ethics of eating animals.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ The most commonly given ethical objection to meat-eating is that, for most people living in the developed world, it is not necessary for survival or health; slaughtering animals solely because people enjoy the taste of meat is argued by some to be wrong and morally unjustifiable.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ Ethical vegetarians and ethical vegans may also object to the practices underlying the production of meat, or cite their concerns about animal welfare, animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious reasons.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ Vegetarian nutrition is the set of health-related challenges and advantages of vegetarian diets.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ If well-planned and fortified to balance their deficiencies, vegetarian and vegan diets can become nutritionally adequate and can be appropriate for all stages of the life cycle, including during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adolescence.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ When fortified, a vegetarian diet can provide adequate protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B, and calcium intake.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ However, in non fortified vegetarian diets, and when not enough calories are consumed, these nutrients can be dangerously low and may compromise children's health and development.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film \"Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood\", released by Century Films in 2005.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The key question dealt with in the book is whether the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals should be banned.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Vegaphobia (or vegephobia) is the aversion to and discrimination against vegetarian and vegan people.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Some of the oldest episodes of aversion can be found in the 3rd and 4th centuries when Greek comedies are written where Pythagoras is despised of his choice of not eating meat.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ They then have episodes of persecution of vegetarians in China in the twelfth century as well as in the European medieval, where they were branded as heretics and persecuted by the Holy Inquisition.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ These persecutions are also detailed in the essay Pythagora's Supper by Erica Joy Mannucci.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ In recent times, Nazi Germany became the protagonist of the vegetarian persecution.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ Carnage is a 2017 mockumentary directed by Simon Amstell.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ Set in the year 2067, when veganism is the norm, the film looks back on meat-eating today.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ It premiered on BBC iPlayer.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ Set in 2067, the narrator tells how the world is a happier place, as carnism is banned and veganism prevails.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ The youth express their disbelief on how people could have ever killed and eaten animals.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ Dr. Yasmine Vondenburgen, a psychotherapist, holds support sessions for former carnists to lift the guilt of carnism.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ In one session, Davina breaks down after naming Edam as a cheese she once ate.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film goes back to 1944, to the establishment of The Vegan Society, and rationing of meat due to war, which ends in 1954.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Christian vegetarianism is a Christian practice based on effecting the compassionate teachings of Jesus, the twelve apostles, and the early church to all sentient or living beings through vegetarianism or, ideally, veganism.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Alternatively, Christians may be vegetarian for ethical, environmental, nutritional, or other spiritual reasons.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Various church founders have recommended vegetarianism, such as William Cowherd from the Bible Christian Church and Ellen G. White from the Seventh-day Adventists.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Cowherd, who founded the Bible Christian Church in 1809, helped to establish the world's first Vegetarian Society in 1847.", "Straight edge __knowledge__ Straight edge (sometimes abbreviated sXe or signified by XXX or X) is a subculture of hardcore punk whose adherents refrain from using alcohol, tobacco and other recreational drugs, in reaction to the excesses of punk subculture.", "Straight edge __knowledge__ For some, this extends to refraining from engaging in promiscuous sex, following a vegetarian or vegan diet or not using caffeine or prescription drugs.", "Straight edge __knowledge__ The term \"straight edge\" was adopted from the 1981 song \"Straight Edge\" by the hardcore punk band Minor Threat.", "Straight edge __knowledge__ Straight edge emerged amid the early-1980s hardcore punk scene.", "Straight edge __knowledge__ Since then, a wide variety of beliefs and ideas have been associated with some members of the movement, including vegetarianism and animal rights.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence (also named domestic abuse or family violence) is a pattern of behavior which involves violence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It may be termed \"intimate partner violence\" when committed by a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner, and can take place in heterosexual or same-sex relationships, or between former spouses or partners.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence can also involve violence against children, parents, or the elderly, and may be done for self-defense.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It takes a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic, religious, reproductive, and sexual abuse, which can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and to violent physical abuse such as choking, beating, female genital mutilation and acid throwing that results in disfigurement or death.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ Violence against women (VAW), also known as gender-based violence, is, collectively, violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ Sometimes considered a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group with the victim's gender as a primary motive.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ This type of violence is gender-based, meaning that the acts of violence are committed against women expressly because they are women.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women states, \"violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women\" and \"violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men.\"", "Religious violence __knowledge__ Violence is a very broad concept and it is also difficult to define since it can be used against non-human objects.", "Religious violence __knowledge__ Furthermore, the term can denote a wide variety of experiences such as blood shedding, physical harm, forcing against personal freedom, passionate conduct or language, or emotions such as fury and passion.", "Religious violence __knowledge__ Religion is a complex and problematic concept.", "Religious violence __knowledge__ It is a modern western-compartmentalized concept that was not found anywhere before the 1500s and despite it being recently invented, there is no scholarly consensus over what a religion is.", "Religious violence __knowledge__ In general, religion is conceived as an abstraction which entails beliefs, doctrines, and sacred places even though the ancient cultures that wrote Holy Scriptures (e.g.", "Violence __knowledge__ Violence is defined by the World Health Organization as \"the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation,\" although the group acknowledges that the inclusion of \"the use of power\" in its definition expands on the conventional understanding of the word.", "Violence __knowledge__ This definition involves intentionality with the committing of the act itself, irrespective of the outcome it produces.", "Violence __knowledge__ However, generally, anything that is excited in an injurious or damaging way may be described as violent even if not meant to be violence (by a person and against a person).", "Marital rape __knowledge__ Marital rape (or spousal rape) is the act of sexual intercourse with one's spouse without the spouse's consent.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ It is a form of domestic violence and sexual abuse.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ Although, historically, sexual intercourse within marriage was regarded as a right of spouses, engaging in the act without the spouse's consent is now widely recognized by law and society as a wrong and as a crime.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ It is recognized as rape by many societies around the world, repudiated by international conventions, and increasingly criminalized.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ The issues of sexual and domestic violence within marriage and the family unit, and more specifically, the issue of violence against women, have come to growing international attention from the second half of the 20th century.", "EGM: prevention of violence against women and girls __knowledge__ The Expert Group Meeting (EGM): prevention of violence against women and girls was convened as part of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women's multi-year programme of work for 2010-2014.", "EGM: prevention of violence against women and girls __knowledge__ The \"Elimination and prevention of all forms of violence against women and girls\" forms a priority theme for its fifty-seventh session in 2013 (CSW57).", "EGM: prevention of violence against women and girls __knowledge__ The meeting took place in Bangkok, Thailand 17–20 September 2012 and was organised by the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women), in collaboration with the following organisations: \"EGM note 2\" The report reflects the shared discussion and analysis of the major issues, gaps and challenges identified at the EGM and presents key findings and recommendations.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\"." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 13 ]

[ "Hi, i'm a vegan. Vegetarianism comes from ancient Greece and India?", "it was connected to the idea of non-violence.", "I don't. Some people are ethical vegans and also don't use animal roducts of nay kinds including personal care products tested on animals." ]

[ "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism" ]

[ "Catholic school\nI used to go to Catholic School", "I didn't. I left catholic church and became a seventh-day adventist", "Well, hello there, brother or sister in Christ :) How was your Sabbath?", "My Sabbath was very good. I went to church, came back home and read Sabbath School lesson" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Catholic schools are parochial schools or education ministries of the Catholic Church.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ , the Church operates the world's largest non-governmental school system.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ In 2016, the church supported 43,800 secondary schools, and 95,200 primary schools.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Catholic schools participate in the evangelizing mission of the Church, integrating religious education as the core subject within their curriculum.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Irish immigration provides the main contribution to the increases in Catholic communities across the globe.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ The Irish immigration established the revival of Catholicism through movement to countries across Europe, United Kingdom and Australia.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Historically, the establishment of Catholic schools in Europe encountered various struggles following the creation of the Church of England in the Elizabethan Religious settlements of 1558-63.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Anti-Catholicism in this period encouraged Catholics to create modern Catholic education systems to preserve their traditions.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ The Relief Acts of 1782 and the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 later increased the possibility to openly practice Catholicism in England and to create charitable institutions by the Church.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ This led to the development of numerous native religious congregations which established schools, hospitals, orphanages, reformatories, and workhouses.", "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig __knowledge__ The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig () () is the diocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines that comprises Pasig City, Pateros, and Taguig City.", "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig __knowledge__ It was established by Pope John Paul II on June 28, 2003 by virtue of the Papal Bull \"Deus Caritas\".", "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig __knowledge__ It was formally inaugurated on August 21, 2003, with the installation of Most Reverend Francisco C. San Diego, DD.", "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig __knowledge__ as its first bishop.", "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig __knowledge__ The Immaculate Conception Parish, located in the central vicinity of Pasig, was made the cathedral or the seat of the diocese.", "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig __knowledge__ Prior to the establishment as a local church, the present-day Diocese of Pasig used to be a part of the Archdiocese of Manila (largely under the Ecclesiastical District of Makati).", "Christ the Redeemer Catholic Separate Regional Division No. 3 __knowledge__ Christ the Redeemer Catholic Separate Regional Division No.", "Christ the Redeemer Catholic Separate Regional Division No. 3 __knowledge__ 3 or Christ the Redeemer Catholic Schools is a publicly funded Catholic school jurisdiction serving students in a number of communities across southern Alberta, Canada.", "Christ the Redeemer Catholic Separate Regional Division No. 3 __knowledge__ Communities currently with Division schools include Okotoks, High River, Drumheller, Oyen, Brooks, Strathmore and Canmore.", "Christ the Redeemer Catholic Separate Regional Division No. 3 __knowledge__ The division offices are in Okotoks.", "Christ the Redeemer Catholic Separate Regional Division No. 3 __knowledge__ The division operates a network of contracted school buses to serve smaller outlying communities as well as farms, ranches and rural dwellers.", "Christ the Redeemer Catholic Separate Regional Division No. 3 __knowledge__ Some of the smaller communities served include Black Diamond, Turner Valley, Rosemary, Priddis and Longview.", "St. Matthew Catholic School __knowledge__ St. Matthew Catholic School is a private, coeducational school established in 1993 by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Antonio.", "St. Matthew Catholic School __knowledge__ The mission of St. Matthew Catholic School is to educate a strong, faith-centered community through a commitment to the spiritual, moral, intellectual, social, and physical development of each child.", "St. Matthew Catholic School __knowledge__ St. Matthew Catholic School opened its doors on August 18, 1993 to just under 400 students and has since provided over 20 years of service to Catholic families in the San Antonio community.", "St. Matthew Catholic School __knowledge__ The school was dedicated by Bishop Joseph Galante on October 10, 1993, and Sr. Patrice Floyd, IWBS, was the first principal.", "Convent Glen Catholic School __knowledge__ Convent Glen Catholic School (CGCS) is an elementary school located in Orleans, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.", "Convent Glen Catholic School __knowledge__ The Convent Glen North area elementary school is one of 64 elementary schools within the Ottawa Catholic District School Board.", "Convent Glen Catholic School __knowledge__ It offers students education from junior kindergarten to grade six, as well as French immersion and full day kindergarten.", "Convent Glen Catholic School __knowledge__ Located at 6212 Jeanne D’Arc Blvd., just south of their family school, St. Matthew Catholic High School.", "Convent Glen Catholic School __knowledge__ The principal is Tracey Jemmeson.", "Convent Glen Catholic School __knowledge__ When the school first opened in 1977, it took the form of a port-a-pak complex, which consisted of five classrooms, one bathroom and a room that acted both as a staff room and a storage room.", "Alberta municipal elections, 2010 __knowledge__ Municipal elections were held in Alberta, Canada on Monday, October 18, 2010.", "Alberta municipal elections, 2010 __knowledge__ Since 1968, provincial legislation has required every municipality to hold triennial elections.", "Alberta municipal elections, 2010 __knowledge__ Mayors (reeves), councillors (aldermen), and trustees were elected to office in 16 of the 17 cities, all 108 towns, all 95 villages, all 5 specialized municipalities, all 64 municipal districts, 3 of the 7 improvement districts, and the advisory councils of the 3 special areas.", "Alberta municipal elections, 2010 __knowledge__ The City of Lloydminster is on the Saskatchewan schedule (every three years), and held elections on October 28, 2009 and October 24, 2012, while 4 improvement districts (Nos.", "Catholic High School, Singapore __knowledge__ Catholic High School () (CHS) is an all-boys Catholic school in Singapore.", "Catholic High School, Singapore __knowledge__ As a full-school, it has a primary section offering a six-year primary education and a secondary section offering both a four-year Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level Programme and a six-year Integrated Programme.", "Catholic High School, Singapore __knowledge__ Founded in 1935 by Rev.", "Catholic High School, Singapore __knowledge__ Fr.", "Catholic High School, Singapore __knowledge__ Edward Becheras, a French missionary, the school caters for students who are fluent in both English and Chinese.", "Catholic High School, Singapore __knowledge__ The school is a Special Assistance Plan school, as well as a Gifted Education Programme centre.", "Catholic High School, Singapore __knowledge__ The Catholic High School was founded in 1935 as Sino-English Catholic School (英华公教中学) by the Reverend Father Edward Becheras, a French missionary." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Catholic schools are parochial schools or education ministries of the Catholic Church.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ , the Church operates the world's largest non-governmental school system.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ In 2016, the church supported 43,800 secondary schools, and 95,200 primary schools.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Catholic schools participate in the evangelizing mission of the Church, integrating religious education as the core subject within their curriculum.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Irish immigration provides the main contribution to the increases in Catholic communities across the globe.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ The Irish immigration established the revival of Catholicism through movement to countries across Europe, United Kingdom and Australia.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Historically, the establishment of Catholic schools in Europe encountered various struggles following the creation of the Church of England in the Elizabethan Religious settlements of 1558-63.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Anti-Catholicism in this period encouraged Catholics to create modern Catholic education systems to preserve their traditions.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ The Relief Acts of 1782 and the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 later increased the possibility to openly practice Catholicism in England and to create charitable institutions by the Church.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ This led to the development of numerous native religious congregations which established schools, hospitals, orphanages, reformatories, and workhouses.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ The Seventh-day Adventist Church pioneers were members of Seventh-day Adventist Church, part of the group of Millerites, who came together after the Great Disappointment across the United States and formed the Seventh-day Adventist Church.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ In 1860, the pioneers of the fledging movement settled on the name, \"Seventh-day Adventist\", representative of the church's distinguishing beliefs.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ Three years later, on May 21, 1863, the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists was formed and the movement became an official organization.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ The Seventh-day Adventist Church had its roots in the Millerite movement of the 1830s and 1840s, during the period of the Second Great Awakening, and was officially founded in 1863.", "Seventh-day Adventism in popular culture __knowledge__ This article describes representations of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in popular culture.", "Seventh-day Adventism in popular culture __knowledge__ One author wrote, \"popular culture hasn’t often been very kind to Adventists.\"", "Seventh-day Adventism in popular culture __knowledge__ Adventists and Adventism have been featured in film, television, literature, postage stamps and have been discussed in the media for their longevity.", "Seventh-day Adventism in popular culture __knowledge__ Adventists have impacted world eating habits in the breakfast and health food areas.", "Seventh-day Adventism in popular culture __knowledge__ The movie \"Evil Angels\" (released as \"A Cry in the Dark\" outside of Australia and New Zealand) portrays the events surrounding the death of Azaria Chamberlain, the daughter of Seventh-day Adventist Church pastor Michael Chamberlain and his wife Lindy.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Protestant Christian denomination distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in Christian and Jewish calendars, as Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent Second Coming (advent) of Jesus Christ.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ The denomination grew out of the Millerite movement in the United States during the mid-19th century and was formally established in 1863.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ Among its founders was Ellen G. White, whose extensive writings are still held in high regard by the church.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ Much of the theology of the Seventh-day Adventist Church corresponds to common Protestant Christian teachings, such as the Trinity and the infallibility of Scripture.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ The theology of the Seventh-day Adventist Church resembles that of Protestant Christianity, combining elements from Lutheran, Wesleyan/Arminian, and Anabaptist branches of Protestantism.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ Adventists believe in the infallibility of Scripture and teach that salvation comes through faith in Jesus Christ.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ The 28 fundamental beliefs constitute the church's official doctrinal position.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ The denomination also has a number of distinctive doctrines which differentiate it from other Christian churches.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ There are very few teachings held exclusively by Seventh-day Adventists.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ Some of their views which differ from most Christian churches include: the perpetuity of the seventh-day Sabbath, the unconsciousness of man in death, conditional immortality, an atoning ministry of Jesus Christ in the heavenly sanctuary, and an “investigative judgment” that commenced in 1844.", "Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement __knowledge__ The Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement is a Protestant Christian denomination in the Sabbatarian Adventist movement that formed from a schism in the European Seventh-day Adventist Church during World War I over the position its European church leaders took on Sabbath observance and on committing Adventists to the bearing of arms in military service for Imperial Germany in World War I.", "Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement __knowledge__ The movement was formerly organised on an international level in 1925 at Gotha, Germany and adopted the name \"Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement\".", "Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement __knowledge__ It was first registered as a General Conference association in 1929 in Burgwedel, near Hanover, Germany.", "Seventh-day Adventist Interfaith Relations __knowledge__ This article describes the relations between the Seventh-day Adventist Church and other Christian denominations and movements, and other religions.", "Seventh-day Adventist Interfaith Relations __knowledge__ Adventist resist the movement to full ecumenical integration with other churches, believing that such a transition would result in a renouncing of its foundational beliefs and endanger its distinctive message.", "Seventh-day Adventist Interfaith Relations __knowledge__ According to one church document, Adventists have often been skeptical of other faiths.", "Seventh-day Adventist Interfaith Relations __knowledge__ The Millerite movement, which gave birth to Seventh-day Adventism, experienced rejection and hostility from the majority of North American Christian churches of the time.", "Shepherd's Rod __knowledge__ The Shepherd's Rod or The Rod or the Davidians is an American offshoot of the worldwide Seventh-day Adventist Church founded in 1929 by Victor Houteff, its President and Prophet.", "Shepherd's Rod __knowledge__ Houteff joined the Seventh-day Adventist church in 1919, but was disfellowshipped in 1930 for promoting heretical doctrines.", "Shepherd's Rod __knowledge__ The official organisation name was changed in 1942 to Davidian Seventh-day Adventists, but was still referred to as \"The Rod\" by both members and critics.", "Shepherd's Rod __knowledge__ The group was headquartered at a property known as the Mount Carmel Center near Waco, Texas and reached its peak in the early 1950s with thousands of adherents before splintering into various factions after Houteff's death in 1955.", "Role of Christianity in civilization __knowledge__ The role of Christianity in civilization has been intricately intertwined with the history and formation of Western society.", "Role of Christianity in civilization __knowledge__ Throughout its long history, the Christian Church has been a major source of social services like schooling and medical care; inspiration for art, culture and philosophy; and influential player in politics and religion.", "Role of Christianity in civilization __knowledge__ In various ways it has sought to affect Western attitudes to vice and virtue in diverse fields.", "Role of Christianity in civilization __knowledge__ It has, over many centuries, promulgated the teachings of Jesus within the Western world as well as throughout other nations.", "Role of Christianity in civilization __knowledge__ Festivals like Easter and Christmas are marked as public holidays; the Gregorian Calendar has been adopted internationally as the civil calendar; and the calendar itself is measured from the date of Jesus's birth.", "Nördlingen __knowledge__ Nördlingen is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, with a population of approximately 19,000.", "Nördlingen __knowledge__ It was first mentioned in recorded history in 898, and in 1998 the town celebrated its 1100th anniversary.", "Nördlingen __knowledge__ The town was the location of two battles during the Thirty Years' War, which took place between 1618–1648.", "Nördlingen __knowledge__ Today it is one of only three towns in Germany that still has a completely established city wall, the other two being Rothenburg ob der Tauber and Dinkelsbühl.", "Nördlingen __knowledge__ Another attraction in the town is the Saint Georg's Church's 90 m steeple, called \"Daniel\", which is made of a suevite impact breccia that contains shocked quartz.", "Scotland __knowledge__ Scotland (; Scots: ; ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.", "Scotland __knowledge__ It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west.", "Scotland __knowledge__ In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.", "Scotland __knowledge__ The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707.", "Scotland __knowledge__ By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms.", "Aalen __knowledge__ Aalen () is a former Free Imperial City located in the eastern part of the German state of Baden-Württemberg, about east of Stuttgart and north of Ulm.", "Aalen __knowledge__ It is the seat of the Ostalbkreis district and is its largest town.", "Aalen __knowledge__ It is also the largest town in the Ostwürttemberg region.", "Aalen __knowledge__ Since 1956, Aalen has had the status of Große Kreisstadt (major district town).", "Aalen __knowledge__ It is noted for its many half-timbered houses constructed from the 16th century through the 18th century.", "Aalen __knowledge__ With an area of 146.63 km, Aalen is ranked 7th in Baden-Württemberg and 2nd within the Government Region of Stuttgart, after Stuttgart.", "Aalen __knowledge__ With a population of about 66,000, Aalen is the 15th most-populated settlement in Baden-Württemberg.", "Demographics of Montreal __knowledge__ The Demographics of Montreal concern population growth and structure for Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "Demographics of Montreal __knowledge__ The information is analyzed by Statistics Canada and compiled every five years, with the most recent census having taken place in 2011.", "Demographics of Montreal __knowledge__ According to Statistics Canada, at the time of the 2011 Canadian census the city of Montreal proper had 1,649,519 inhabitants.", "Demographics of Montreal __knowledge__ A total of 3,824,221 lived in the Montreal Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) at the same 2011 census, up from 3,635,556 at the 2006 census (within 2006 CMA boundaries), which means a population growth rate of +5.2% between 2006 and 2011.", "Demographics of Montreal __knowledge__ Montreal's 2012-2013 population growth rate was 1.135%, compared with 1.533% for all Canadian CMAs In the 2006 census, children under 14 years of age (621,695) constituted 17.1%, while inhabitants over 65 years of age (495,685) numbered 13.6% of the total population." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Catholic schools are parochial schools or education ministries of the Catholic Church.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ , the Church operates the world's largest non-governmental school system.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ In 2016, the church supported 43,800 secondary schools, and 95,200 primary schools.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Catholic schools participate in the evangelizing mission of the Church, integrating religious education as the core subject within their curriculum.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Irish immigration provides the main contribution to the increases in Catholic communities across the globe.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ The Irish immigration established the revival of Catholicism through movement to countries across Europe, United Kingdom and Australia.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Historically, the establishment of Catholic schools in Europe encountered various struggles following the creation of the Church of England in the Elizabethan Religious settlements of 1558-63.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Anti-Catholicism in this period encouraged Catholics to create modern Catholic education systems to preserve their traditions.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ The Relief Acts of 1782 and the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 later increased the possibility to openly practice Catholicism in England and to create charitable institutions by the Church.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ This led to the development of numerous native religious congregations which established schools, hospitals, orphanages, reformatories, and workhouses.", "Sabbath in Christianity __knowledge__ Sabbath in Christianity is the inclusion or adoption in Christianity of a Sabbath day.", "Sabbath in Christianity __knowledge__ Established within Judaism through Mosaic Law, Christians inherited a Sabbath practice that reflected two great precepts: the commandment to \"remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy\" and God's blessing of the seventh day (Saturday) as a day of rest in the Genesis creation narrative and declared as made for man by Jesus.", "Sabbath in Christianity __knowledge__ The first of these provisions was associated in Judaism with the assembly of the people to worship in the Temple in Jerusalem or in synagogues.", "Sabbath in Christianity __knowledge__ The position now dominant in Western Christianity is that observance of the Lord's Day, Sunday, supplanted or superseded the Sabbath commandment in that the former \"celebrated the Christian community's deliverance from captivity to sin, Satan, and worldly passions, made possible by the resurrection on the first day of the week.\"", "Sabbatarianism __knowledge__ Sabbatarianism is a view within Christianity that advocates the observation of the Sabbath, in keeping with the Ten Commandments.", "Sabbatarianism __knowledge__ Its historical origins lie in early Christianity, later in the Eastern Church and Irish Church, and then in Puritan Sabbatarianism, which delineated precepts for keeping Sunday, the Lord's Day, holy in observance of Sabbath commandment principles.", "Sabbatarianism __knowledge__ This observance of Sunday as a day of worship and rest is the purest form of first-day Sabbatarianism, a view which was historically heralded by nonconformist denominations, such as Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Methodists, and Baptists, as well as many Episcopalians; although its impact diminished in popular culture, traces and influences remain today, e.g.", "Biblical Sabbath __knowledge__ Biblical Sabbath is a weekly day of rest or time of worship given in the Bible as the seventh day.", "Biblical Sabbath __knowledge__ It is observed differently in Judaism and Christianity and informs a similar occasion in several other faiths.", "Biblical Sabbath __knowledge__ Though many viewpoints and definitions have arisen over the millennia, most originate in the same textual tradition of \"Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy\".", "Biblical Sabbath __knowledge__ Observation and remembrance of Sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments (the fourth in the original Jewish, the Eastern Orthodox, and most Protestant traditions, the third in Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions), sometimes referred to individually as the \"Sabbath Commandment\".", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ The Seventh-day Adventist Church pioneers were members of Seventh-day Adventist Church, part of the group of Millerites, who came together after the Great Disappointment across the United States and formed the Seventh-day Adventist Church.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ In 1860, the pioneers of the fledging movement settled on the name, \"Seventh-day Adventist\", representative of the church's distinguishing beliefs.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ Three years later, on May 21, 1863, the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists was formed and the movement became an official organization.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ The Seventh-day Adventist Church had its roots in the Millerite movement of the 1830s and 1840s, during the period of the Second Great Awakening, and was officially founded in 1863.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath were an English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968, by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, singer Ozzy Osbourne, and drummer Bill Ward.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band helped define the genre with releases such as \"Black Sabbath\" (1970), \"Paranoid\" (1970) and \"Master of Reality\" (1971).", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band had multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Formed in 1968 as the Polka Tulk Blues Band, a blues rock band, the group went through line up changes, renamed themselves as Earth, broke up and reformed.", "Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy __knowledge__ \"Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy\" is one of the Ten Commandments found in the Hebrew Bible.", "Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy __knowledge__ The full text of the commandment reads: When God gave the Israelites the Ten Commandments at biblical Mount Sinai, they were commanded to remember the Sabbath and keep it holy by not doing any work and allowing the whole household to cease from work.", "Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy __knowledge__ This was in recognition of God's act of creation and the special status that God had conferred on the seventh day during the creation week.", "Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy __knowledge__ The Torah portrays the Sabbath concept both in terms of resting on the seventh day and allowing land to lie fallow during each seventh year.", "Sabbath in seventh-day churches __knowledge__ The seventh-day Sabbath, observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening (exact start and ending times varying from group to group), is an important part of the beliefs and practices of seventh-day churches.", "Sabbath in seventh-day churches __knowledge__ These churches emphasize biblical references such as the ancient Hebrew practice of beginning a day at sundown, and the Genesis creation narrative wherein an \"evening and morning\" established a day, predating the giving of the Ten Commandments (thus the command to \"remember\" the sabbath).", "Sabbath in seventh-day churches __knowledge__ They hold that the Old and New Testament show no variation in the doctrine of the Sabbath on the seventh day.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ The theology of the Seventh-day Adventist Church resembles that of Protestant Christianity, combining elements from Lutheran, Wesleyan/Arminian, and Anabaptist branches of Protestantism.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ Adventists believe in the infallibility of Scripture and teach that salvation comes through faith in Jesus Christ.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ The 28 fundamental beliefs constitute the church's official doctrinal position.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ The denomination also has a number of distinctive doctrines which differentiate it from other Christian churches.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ There are very few teachings held exclusively by Seventh-day Adventists.", "Seventh-day Adventist theology __knowledge__ Some of their views which differ from most Christian churches include: the perpetuity of the seventh-day Sabbath, the unconsciousness of man in death, conditional immortality, an atoning ministry of Jesus Christ in the heavenly sanctuary, and an “investigative judgment” that commenced in 1844.", "Last Generation Theology __knowledge__ Last Generation Theology (LGT) or \"final generation\" theology is a belief system of overcoming sin held by some members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, which claims that perfection will be achieved by sanctified people in the last generation before the Second Coming of Jesus, much like the 144,000 described in the Book of Revelation of the New Testament.", "Last Generation Theology __knowledge__ In Seventh-day Adventist theology, there will be an end-time remnant of believers who are faithful to God, which will be manifest shortly prior to the second coming of Jesus.", "Last Generation Theology __knowledge__ Some claim it is related to \"historic Adventism\", but as one supporter claims, it differs in that it forms an extension or development of \"historic\" or mainstream Adventist beliefs, or takes them to their logical conclusion.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Protestant Christian denomination distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in Christian and Jewish calendars, as Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent Second Coming (advent) of Jesus Christ.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ The denomination grew out of the Millerite movement in the United States during the mid-19th century and was formally established in 1863.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ Among its founders was Ellen G. White, whose extensive writings are still held in high regard by the church.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ Much of the theology of the Seventh-day Adventist Church corresponds to common Protestant Christian teachings, such as the Trinity and the infallibility of Scripture.", "Inspiration of Ellen G. White __knowledge__ Seventh-day Adventists believe church co-founder Ellen G. White (1827–1915) was inspired by God as a prophet, today understood as a manifestation of the New Testament \"gift of prophecy\", as described in the official beliefs of the church.", "Inspiration of Ellen G. White __knowledge__ Her works are officially considered to hold a secondary role to the Bible, but in practice there is wide variation among Adventists as to exactly how much authority should be attributed to her writings.", "Inspiration of Ellen G. White __knowledge__ With understanding she claimed was received in visions, White made administrative decisions and gave personal messages of encouragement or rebuke to church members.", "Pillars of Adventism __knowledge__ The Pillars of Adventism are landmark doctrines for Seventh-day Adventists; Bible doctrines that define who they are as a people of faith; doctrines that are \"non-negotiables\" in Adventist theology.", "Pillars of Adventism __knowledge__ The Seventh-day Adventist church teaches that these Pillars are needed to prepare the world for the second coming of Jesus Christ, and sees them as a central part of its own mission.", "Pillars of Adventism __knowledge__ Adventists teach that the Seventh-day Adventist Church doctrines were both a continuation of the reformation started in the 16th century and a movement of the end time rising from the Millerites, bringing God's final messages and warnings to a world.", "Prophecy in the Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ Seventh-day Adventists believe that Ellen G. White, one of the church's co-founders, was a prophet, understood today as an expression of the New Testament spiritual gift of prophecy.", "Prophecy in the Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ Seventh-day Adventist believe that White had the spiritual gift of prophecy, but that her writings are inferior to the Bible, which has ultimate authority.", "Prophecy in the Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ According to the 28 Fundamentals the core set of theological beliefs held by the Seventh-day Adventist Church, states that Adventists accept the Bible as their only creed and can be read online on the website of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.", "Prophecy in the Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ The 18 of the 28 Fundamentals states the Adventists viewpoint on the Gift of Prophecy: According to one church document, \"her expositions on any given Bible passage offer an inspired guide to the meaning of texts without exhausting their meaning or preempting the task of exegesis\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Catholic schools are parochial schools or education ministries of the Catholic Church.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ , the Church operates the world's largest non-governmental school system.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ In 2016, the church supported 43,800 secondary schools, and 95,200 primary schools.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Catholic schools participate in the evangelizing mission of the Church, integrating religious education as the core subject within their curriculum.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Irish immigration provides the main contribution to the increases in Catholic communities across the globe.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ The Irish immigration established the revival of Catholicism through movement to countries across Europe, United Kingdom and Australia.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Historically, the establishment of Catholic schools in Europe encountered various struggles following the creation of the Church of England in the Elizabethan Religious settlements of 1558-63.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ Anti-Catholicism in this period encouraged Catholics to create modern Catholic education systems to preserve their traditions.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ The Relief Acts of 1782 and the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 later increased the possibility to openly practice Catholicism in England and to create charitable institutions by the Church.", "Catholic school __knowledge__ This led to the development of numerous native religious congregations which established schools, hospitals, orphanages, reformatories, and workhouses.", "Sabbath School __knowledge__ Sabbath School is a function of the Seventh-day Adventist Church,Seventh Day Baptist, Church of God (Seventh-Day), some other sabbatarian denominations, usually comprising a song service and Bible study lesson on the Sabbath.", "Sabbath School __knowledge__ It is usually held before the church service on Saturday morning, but this may vary.", "Sabbath School __knowledge__ Sabbath School usually begins at 9:30am or 10:00am on Saturday mornings before the worship service starts.", "Sabbath School __knowledge__ The Sabbath School service for adults typically has two portions.", "Sabbath School __knowledge__ The first portion begins with a song service, followed by a mission emphasis and a short talk.", "Sabbath School __knowledge__ The second, and larger portion, is the lesson study.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Protestant Christian denomination distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in Christian and Jewish calendars, as Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent Second Coming (advent) of Jesus Christ.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ The denomination grew out of the Millerite movement in the United States during the mid-19th century and was formally established in 1863.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ Among its founders was Ellen G. White, whose extensive writings are still held in high regard by the church.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church __knowledge__ Much of the theology of the Seventh-day Adventist Church corresponds to common Protestant Christian teachings, such as the Trinity and the infallibility of Scripture.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath were an English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968, by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, singer Ozzy Osbourne, and drummer Bill Ward.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band helped define the genre with releases such as \"Black Sabbath\" (1970), \"Paranoid\" (1970) and \"Master of Reality\" (1971).", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band had multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Formed in 1968 as the Polka Tulk Blues Band, a blues rock band, the group went through line up changes, renamed themselves as Earth, broke up and reformed.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Bereshit, Bereishit, Bereishis, B'reshith, Beresheet, or Bereishees ( – Hebrew for \"in the beginning,\" the first word in the parashah) is the first weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah consists of In the parashah, God creates the world, and Adam and Eve.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ They eat fruit that God had forbidden them, and God expels them from the Garden of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ One of their sons, Cain, becomes the first murderer, killing his brother Abel out of jealousy.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam, Eve, and Cain are cast out of paradise to East of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam and Eve have other children, whose descendants populate the Earth, but each generation becomes more and more degenerate until God, despairing, decides to destroy humanity.", "Sabbath in Christianity __knowledge__ Sabbath in Christianity is the inclusion or adoption in Christianity of a Sabbath day.", "Sabbath in Christianity __knowledge__ Established within Judaism through Mosaic Law, Christians inherited a Sabbath practice that reflected two great precepts: the commandment to \"remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy\" and God's blessing of the seventh day (Saturday) as a day of rest in the Genesis creation narrative and declared as made for man by Jesus.", "Sabbath in Christianity __knowledge__ The first of these provisions was associated in Judaism with the assembly of the people to worship in the Temple in Jerusalem or in synagogues.", "Sabbath in Christianity __knowledge__ The position now dominant in Western Christianity is that observance of the Lord's Day, Sunday, supplanted or superseded the Sabbath commandment in that the former \"celebrated the Christian community's deliverance from captivity to sin, Satan, and worldly passions, made possible by the resurrection on the first day of the week.\"", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ John Michael \"Ozzy\" Osbourne (born 3 December 1948) is an English singer, songwriter and actor.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ He rose to prominence during the 1970s as the lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ He was fired from Black Sabbath in 1979 and went on to have a successful solo career, releasing 11 studio albums, the first seven of which were all awarded multi-platinum certifications in the US.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ Osbourne has since reunited with Black Sabbath on several occasions, recording the album \"13\" in 2013.", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ His longevity and success have earned him the informal title of \"Godfather of Heavy Metal\".", "Ozzy Osbourne __knowledge__ Osbourne's total album sales from his years in Black Sabbath, combined with his solo work, is over 100 million.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ Va'etchanan ( — Hebrew for \"and I pleaded,\" the first word in the parashah) is the 45th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ It constitutes .", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah tells how Moses asked to see the Land of Israel, made arguments to obey the law, recounted setting up the Cities of Refuge, recited the Ten Commandments and the \"Shema\", and gave instructions for the Israelites' conquest of the Land.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 7,343 Hebrew letters, 1,878 Hebrew words, 122 verses, and can occupy about 249 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Seventh-day Adventist Church of Tonga __knowledge__ The Seventh-day Adventist Church of Tonga, or SDA of Tonga, () is one of the smaller religious groups in the South Pacific island state of Tonga, started by Seventh-day Adventist missionaries from the United States who visited in 1891 and settled in 1895.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church of Tonga __knowledge__ They set up schools but made very little progress in conversion, handicapped by dietary rules that prohibited popular local foods such as pork and shellfish, and that also banned tobacco, alcohol and kava.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church of Tonga __knowledge__ The church was revitalized in 1912 with renewed emphasis on evangelism.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church of Tonga __knowledge__ In 1922 it resumed its strategy of providing education, which resulted in an increase in conversions.", "Biblical Sabbath __knowledge__ Biblical Sabbath is a weekly day of rest or time of worship given in the Bible as the seventh day.", "Biblical Sabbath __knowledge__ It is observed differently in Judaism and Christianity and informs a similar occasion in several other faiths.", "Biblical Sabbath __knowledge__ Though many viewpoints and definitions have arisen over the millennia, most originate in the same textual tradition of \"Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy\".", "Biblical Sabbath __knowledge__ Observation and remembrance of Sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments (the fourth in the original Jewish, the Eastern Orthodox, and most Protestant traditions, the third in Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions), sometimes referred to individually as the \"Sabbath Commandment\".", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ The Seventh-day Adventist Church pioneers were members of Seventh-day Adventist Church, part of the group of Millerites, who came together after the Great Disappointment across the United States and formed the Seventh-day Adventist Church.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ In 1860, the pioneers of the fledging movement settled on the name, \"Seventh-day Adventist\", representative of the church's distinguishing beliefs.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ Three years later, on May 21, 1863, the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists was formed and the movement became an official organization.", "Seventh-day Adventist Church Pioneers __knowledge__ The Seventh-day Adventist Church had its roots in the Millerite movement of the 1830s and 1840s, during the period of the Second Great Awakening, and was officially founded in 1863.", "Sabbath in seventh-day churches __knowledge__ The seventh-day Sabbath, observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening (exact start and ending times varying from group to group), is an important part of the beliefs and practices of seventh-day churches.", "Sabbath in seventh-day churches __knowledge__ These churches emphasize biblical references such as the ancient Hebrew practice of beginning a day at sundown, and the Genesis creation narrative wherein an \"evening and morning\" established a day, predating the giving of the Ten Commandments (thus the command to \"remember\" the sabbath).", "Sabbath in seventh-day churches __knowledge__ They hold that the Old and New Testament show no variation in the doctrine of the Sabbath on the seventh day.", "Sabbatarianism __knowledge__ Sabbatarianism is a view within Christianity that advocates the observation of the Sabbath, in keeping with the Ten Commandments.", "Sabbatarianism __knowledge__ Its historical origins lie in early Christianity, later in the Eastern Church and Irish Church, and then in Puritan Sabbatarianism, which delineated precepts for keeping Sunday, the Lord's Day, holy in observance of Sabbath commandment principles.", "Sabbatarianism __knowledge__ This observance of Sunday as a day of worship and rest is the purest form of first-day Sabbatarianism, a view which was historically heralded by nonconformist denominations, such as Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Methodists, and Baptists, as well as many Episcopalians; although its impact diminished in popular culture, traces and influences remain today, e.g.", "Sabbath __knowledge__ Sabbath () is a day set aside for rest and worship.", "Sabbath __knowledge__ According to Exodus the Sabbath is a day of rest on the seventh day, commanded by God to be kept as a holy day of rest, as God rested from creation.", "Sabbath __knowledge__ It is observed differently among the Abrahamic religions and informs a similar occasion in several other practices.", "Sabbath __knowledge__ Although many viewpoints and definitions have arisen over the millennia, most originate in the same textual tradition of: \"Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy\".", "Sabbath __knowledge__ In scripture, Sabbath is given as a day of rest, on the seventh day.", "Sabbath __knowledge__ The term has been used to describe a similar weekly observance in any of several other traditions; the first crescent or new moon; any of seven annual festivals in Judaism and some Christian traditions; any of eight annual pagan festivals (usually \"sabbat\"); an annual secular holiday; and a year of rest in religious or secular usage, the sabbath year, originally every seventh year." ] ]

[ 2, 22, 47, 0 ]

[ "Nice! Did you like it? The church operates the world's largest non-governemntal school system!", "Really??? Me too! I'm an adventist! Ellen White was among its founders", "I love SDA church because it's one of the few churches that observe the seventh day of the week Sabbath! My Sabbath was great! What about you?", "I love Sabbath school! I'm also reading the book of Proverbs right now" ]

[ "Catholic school", "Catholic school", "Catholic school", "Catholic school" ]

[ "Border Collie\nI have a border collie for livestock herding", "Yes she is the smartest dog I have ever seen", "My border collie was never taught to herd she knew how instinctively", "She is very good at it its almost like its her purpose in life she enjoys it" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They have a double coat that varies from smooth to rough and is occasionally curled.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ While black and white is the most commonly seen colour pattern of the Border Collie, the breed appears in just about any colour and pattern known to occur in dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Some of these include black tricolour (black/tan/white), liver and white, and red tricolour (red/tan/white) which have also been seen regularly, and other colours such as blue, lilac, red merle, blue merle, brindle, and Australian red (also known as ee red, blonde, recessive red, or gold) which is seen less frequently.", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a distinctive type of herding dog, including many related landraces and standardised breeds.", "Collie __knowledge__ The type originated in Scotland and Northern England.", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a medium-sized, fairly lightly built dog, with a pointed snout.", "Collie __knowledge__ Many types have a distinctive white pattern over the shoulders.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collies are very active and agile, and most types of collies have a very strong herding instinct.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collie breeds have spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America) and have diversified into many varieties, sometimes with mixture from other dog types.", "Collie __knowledge__ Some collie breeds have remained as working dogs, used for herding cattle, sheep and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ The Frisbee Dog World Championship (also known as the Ashley Whippet Invitational World Championship and the Canine Frisbee Disc World Championship) is an annual competition for disc dogs.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ In 1975, Irv Lander, Alex Stein and Eldon McIntire first organized a World Championship for flying-disc (Frisbee) catching dogs and their handlers.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ The event continued annually.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ Stein and his disc dog, Ashley Whippet, won the first three championships in 1975, 1976 and 1977.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ McIntire was the owner of another disc dog named Hyper Hank.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ Lander worked for Wham-O, the maker of the Frisbee, which is a registered trademark of Wham-O.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ The Rough Collie (also known as the Long-Haired Collie) is a long-coated breed of medium to large size dog that in its original form was a type of collie used and bred for herding in Scotland.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Originating in the 1800s, it is now well known through the works of author Albert Payson Terhune, and through the \"Lassie\" novel, movies, and television shows.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ There is also a smooth-coated variety; some breed organisations, including both the American and the Canadian Kennel Clubs, consider the smooth-coat and rough-coat dogs to be variations of the same breed.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Rough Collies generally come in shades of sable, merles, and tri-coloured.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ A herding dog, also known as a stock dog or working dog, is a type of pastoral dog that either has been trained in herding or belongs to breeds developed for herding.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Their ability to be trained to act on the sound of a whistle or word of command is renowned throughout the world.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Collies are recommended as herding dogs.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ All herding behavior is modified predatory behavior.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Through selective breeding, humans have been able to minimize the dog's natural inclination to treat cattle and sheep as prey while simultaneously maintaining the dog's hunting skills, thereby creating an effective herding dog.", "Welsh Sheepdog __knowledge__ The Welsh Sheepdog (, ) is a landrace of herding dog from Wales.", "Welsh Sheepdog __knowledge__ Some people incorrectly call a Welsh Sheepdog a Welsh Collie - usually 'Welsh Collie' is used for a cross between a Welsh Sheepdog and a Border Collie, who is often a milder dog and easier to manage than the pure breed.", "Welsh Sheepdog __knowledge__ Like other types of working dog, Welsh Sheepdogs are normally bred for their herding abilities rather than appearance, and so they are generally somewhat variable in build, colour and size.", "Welsh Sheepdog __knowledge__ Welsh Sheepdogs are of collie type, usually black-and-white, red-and-white or tricolour, and merle markings may occur over any of these combinations.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The Shetland Sheepdog, also known as the Sheltie, is a breed of herding dog that originated in the Shetland Islands.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The original name of this breed was Shetland Collie, but when this caused controversy among the Rough Collie breeders of the time, the breed's name was formally changed to \"Shetland Sheepdog\".", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ This hard-working small dog is intelligent, vocal, excitable, and willing to please.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The breed was formally recognized by The Kennel Club in 1909.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ Like the Shetland pony and the Shetland sheep, the Shetland Sheepdog is a hardy but diminutive breed, developed to thrive amidst the harsh and meager conditions of its native island." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They have a double coat that varies from smooth to rough and is occasionally curled.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ While black and white is the most commonly seen colour pattern of the Border Collie, the breed appears in just about any colour and pattern known to occur in dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Some of these include black tricolour (black/tan/white), liver and white, and red tricolour (red/tan/white) which have also been seen regularly, and other colours such as blue, lilac, red merle, blue merle, brindle, and Australian red (also known as ee red, blonde, recessive red, or gold) which is seen less frequently.", "Savvas Panavoglou __knowledge__ Savvas Panavoglou (; born August 14, 1974 in Odessa, Ukrainian SSR) is a retired Greek discus thrower.", "Savvas Panavoglou __knowledge__ Holding a dual citizenship to compete internationally, he was selected to compete for the host nation Greece's largest Olympic team in the discus throw at the 2004 Summer Olympics, and also trained throughout his sporting career for Iraklis Thessaloniki under his coach Kostas Spanidis.", "Savvas Panavoglou __knowledge__ In 2002, Panavoglou has launched a Greek record-breaking throw of 63.18 m from the EAA Permit Meeting in Thessaloniki.", "Savvas Panavoglou __knowledge__ Panavoglou qualified for the Greek squad in the men's discus throw at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens by posting an Olympic B-standard throw of 62.73 m from the Vardinoyannia EAA Permit Meeting in Rethymno.", "List of Dilbert characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in Scott Adams' \"Dilbert\" comic strip.", "List of Dilbert characters __knowledge__ The main character in the strip, Dilbert is a stereotypical technically-minded single male.", "List of Dilbert characters __knowledge__ Prior to October 2014, he was usually wearing a white dress shirt, black trousers and a red-and-black striped tie that inexplicably curves upward; since then, he has worn a red polo shirt with a name badge on a lanyard around his neck.", "List of Dilbert characters __knowledge__ Dilbert received his master's degree in electrical engineering from MIT; he understands engineering well and has good ideas, but has a poor social life.", "List of Dilbert characters __knowledge__ Neither attractive nor blessed with tremendous social graces, Dilbert is capable, but ignored at work and struggles with his romantic life.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "My Life in Dog Years __knowledge__ My Life in Dog Years is a non-fiction book for children written by the American author Gary Paulsen, together with his wife, Ruth Wright Paulsen.", "My Life in Dog Years __knowledge__ It was published first by Delacorte Press in 1997.", "My Life in Dog Years __knowledge__ The book contains a chapter about each different dog in his life.", "My Life in Dog Years __knowledge__ As he goes through each chapter, he delves into the personality of each dog as companions and not just animals.", "My Life in Dog Years __knowledge__ It begins with Cookie, a dog which rescued him from a fall through the ice while dog sled racing he Cookie was helped by the other sled dogs gary had.", "My Life in Dog Years __knowledge__ This was ironic since the dog was sick before.", "My Life in Dog Years __knowledge__ How would he have saved him?", "Dilbert __knowledge__ Dilbert is an American comic strip written and illustrated by Scott Adams, first published on April 16, 1989.", "Dilbert __knowledge__ The strip is known for its satirical office humor about a white-collar, micromanaged office featuring engineer Dilbert as the title character.", "Dilbert __knowledge__ The strip has spawned dozens of books, an animated television series, a video game, and hundreds of Dilbert-themed merchandise items.", "Dilbert __knowledge__ \"Dilbert Future\" and \"The Joy of Work\" are among the most read books in the series.", "Dilbert __knowledge__ Adams received the National Cartoonists Society Reuben Award in 1997 and the Newspaper Comic Strip Award in the same year for his work on the strip.", "Higgins (dog) __knowledge__ Higgins (died November 11, 1975) was one of the best-known dog actors of the 1960s and 1970s.", "Higgins (dog) __knowledge__ Most people remember him as the original Benji or as the uncredited dog from \"Petticoat Junction\", two of the most popular roles he played during a 14-year career in show business.", "Higgins (dog) __knowledge__ Animal trainer Frank Inn found the dog at the Burbank Animal Shelter as a puppy.", "Higgins (dog) __knowledge__ A fluffy black-and-tan mixed breed dog, he was marked like a Border Terrier, and Inn believed him to be a mix of Miniature Poodle, Cocker Spaniel, and Schnauzer.", "Higgins (dog) __knowledge__ Higgins' career was facilitated by Frank Inn, who also trained Arnold Ziffel (the pig) and all of the other animals used on \"The Beverly Hillbillies\", \"Petticoat Junction\", \"Green Acres\", and \"The Waltons\" TV series.", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The Pembroke Welsh Corgi (; Welsh for \"dwarf dog\") is a cattle herding dog breed which originated in Pembrokeshire, Wales.", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ It is one of two breeds known as a Welsh Corgi.", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The other is the Cardigan Welsh Corgi, and both descend from the line that is the northern spitz-type dog (examples include that of the Siberian Husky).", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ Another theory is that Pembrokes are descended from the Swedish Vallhunds, which were crossed with the local Welsh herding dogs.", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is the younger of the two Corgi breeds and is a separate and distinct breed from the Cardigan.", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The corgi is one of the smallest dogs in the Herding Group.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ The Frisbee Dog World Championship (also known as the Ashley Whippet Invitational World Championship and the Canine Frisbee Disc World Championship) is an annual competition for disc dogs.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ In 1975, Irv Lander, Alex Stein and Eldon McIntire first organized a World Championship for flying-disc (Frisbee) catching dogs and their handlers.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ The event continued annually.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ Stein and his disc dog, Ashley Whippet, won the first three championships in 1975, 1976 and 1977.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ McIntire was the owner of another disc dog named Hyper Hank.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ Lander worked for Wham-O, the maker of the Frisbee, which is a registered trademark of Wham-O.", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a distinctive type of herding dog, including many related landraces and standardised breeds.", "Collie __knowledge__ The type originated in Scotland and Northern England.", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a medium-sized, fairly lightly built dog, with a pointed snout.", "Collie __knowledge__ Many types have a distinctive white pattern over the shoulders.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collies are very active and agile, and most types of collies have a very strong herding instinct.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collie breeds have spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America) and have diversified into many varieties, sometimes with mixture from other dog types.", "Collie __knowledge__ Some collie breeds have remained as working dogs, used for herding cattle, sheep and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Australian Shepherd, often known simply as the \"Aussie\", is a medium-sized breed of dog that was, despite its name, developed on ranches in the Western United States during the 19th century.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The dog was developed from a breed or breeds from the Basque country in Western Europe.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ It was brought by Basque people to the United States.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ These people had previously lived only briefly in Australia before moving to America.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed otherwise has no connection to Australia.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ There are a number of different theories regarding how the breed came to be associated with Australia, but there is no consensus.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ Dog intelligence or dog cognition is the process in dogs of acquiring, storing in memory, retrieving, combining, comparing, and using in new situations information and conceptual skills.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ Studies have shown that dogs display many behaviors associated with intelligence.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ They have advanced memory skills.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ For example, a border collie, \"Chaser\", learned the names of over 1,000 objects and retrieved them by verbal command.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ Dogs can use such memory skill to make inferences, and a border collie named Rico learned the labels of over 200 items and then inferred the names of novel items by exclusion.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ That is, he identified and retrieved those novel items immediately and also 4 weeks after the initial exposure.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ The Rough Collie (also known as the Long-Haired Collie) is a long-coated breed of medium to large size dog that in its original form was a type of collie used and bred for herding in Scotland.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Originating in the 1800s, it is now well known through the works of author Albert Payson Terhune, and through the \"Lassie\" novel, movies, and television shows.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ There is also a smooth-coated variety; some breed organisations, including both the American and the Canadian Kennel Clubs, consider the smooth-coat and rough-coat dogs to be variations of the same breed.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Rough Collies generally come in shades of sable, merles, and tri-coloured." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They have a double coat that varies from smooth to rough and is occasionally curled.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ While black and white is the most commonly seen colour pattern of the Border Collie, the breed appears in just about any colour and pattern known to occur in dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Some of these include black tricolour (black/tan/white), liver and white, and red tricolour (red/tan/white) which have also been seen regularly, and other colours such as blue, lilac, red merle, blue merle, brindle, and Australian red (also known as ee red, blonde, recessive red, or gold) which is seen less frequently.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ The Frisbee Dog World Championship (also known as the Ashley Whippet Invitational World Championship and the Canine Frisbee Disc World Championship) is an annual competition for disc dogs.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ In 1975, Irv Lander, Alex Stein and Eldon McIntire first organized a World Championship for flying-disc (Frisbee) catching dogs and their handlers.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ The event continued annually.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ Stein and his disc dog, Ashley Whippet, won the first three championships in 1975, 1976 and 1977.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ McIntire was the owner of another disc dog named Hyper Hank.", "Frisbee Dog World Championship __knowledge__ Lander worked for Wham-O, the maker of the Frisbee, which is a registered trademark of Wham-O.", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a distinctive type of herding dog, including many related landraces and standardised breeds.", "Collie __knowledge__ The type originated in Scotland and Northern England.", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a medium-sized, fairly lightly built dog, with a pointed snout.", "Collie __knowledge__ Many types have a distinctive white pattern over the shoulders.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collies are very active and agile, and most types of collies have a very strong herding instinct.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collie breeds have spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America) and have diversified into many varieties, sometimes with mixture from other dog types.", "Collie __knowledge__ Some collie breeds have remained as working dogs, used for herding cattle, sheep and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ Heelwork to music is a dog sport similar to musical canine freestyle.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ The sport is officially recognised by the Kennel Club.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ The sport has evolved since the early 1990s when obedience handler Mary Ray first demonstrated the sport at Crufts.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ Rugby Dog Club held the first show in 1996 and this show has continued to be the highlight of the sporting year.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ 2005 saw the first invitational competition at Crufts, and was won by Tina Humphrey and her blue merle Border Collie, Bluecroft My Blue Heaven (a rescue dog from a council dog pound).", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ 2006 saw the first proper Crufts competition.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ Rugby Dog Training Club now host the official Crufts SemiFinal Competition where advanced handlers who have competed at qualifying events throughout the year compete for the first ten places and the chance to work at Crufts.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ The Rough Collie (also known as the Long-Haired Collie) is a long-coated breed of medium to large size dog that in its original form was a type of collie used and bred for herding in Scotland.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Originating in the 1800s, it is now well known through the works of author Albert Payson Terhune, and through the \"Lassie\" novel, movies, and television shows.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ There is also a smooth-coated variety; some breed organisations, including both the American and the Canadian Kennel Clubs, consider the smooth-coat and rough-coat dogs to be variations of the same breed.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Rough Collies generally come in shades of sable, merles, and tri-coloured.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ Dog intelligence or dog cognition is the process in dogs of acquiring, storing in memory, retrieving, combining, comparing, and using in new situations information and conceptual skills.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ Studies have shown that dogs display many behaviors associated with intelligence.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ They have advanced memory skills.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ For example, a border collie, \"Chaser\", learned the names of over 1,000 objects and retrieved them by verbal command.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ Dogs can use such memory skill to make inferences, and a border collie named Rico learned the labels of over 200 items and then inferred the names of novel items by exclusion.", "Dog intelligence __knowledge__ That is, he identified and retrieved those novel items immediately and also 4 weeks after the initial exposure.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The Shetland Sheepdog, also known as the Sheltie, is a breed of herding dog that originated in the Shetland Islands.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The original name of this breed was Shetland Collie, but when this caused controversy among the Rough Collie breeders of the time, the breed's name was formally changed to \"Shetland Sheepdog\".", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ This hard-working small dog is intelligent, vocal, excitable, and willing to please.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The breed was formally recognized by The Kennel Club in 1909.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ Like the Shetland pony and the Shetland sheep, the Shetland Sheepdog is a hardy but diminutive breed, developed to thrive amidst the harsh and meager conditions of its native island.", "Chausie __knowledge__ The Chausie () is a domestic breed of cat that was developed by breeding a few individuals from the nondomestic species jungle cat (\"Felis chaus\") to a far greater number of domestic cats (\"Felis catus\").", "Chausie __knowledge__ The Chausie was first recognized as a domestic breed by The International Cat Association (TICA).", "Chausie __knowledge__ Within the domestic breeds, the Chausie is categorized as a nondomestic hybrid source breed.", "Chausie __knowledge__ Other domestic breeds in this category include the Bengal and the Savannah.", "Chausie __knowledge__ Because Chausies are mostly descended from domestic cats, by about the fourth generation they are fully fertile and completely domestic in temperament.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ The New Guinea singing dog or New Guinea Highland dog (\"Canis lupus dingo\") is a type of dog native to the New Guinea Highlands of the island of New Guinea.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ The dog is noted for its unique vocalization.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ Some experts have referred to it as a wild dog, but others disagree.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ Little is known about New Guinea singing dogs in the wild and there are only two photographs of wild sightings: one taken in 1989 and published by Australian mammalogist Tim Flannery, and the other taken in August 2012 by wilderness adventure guide, Tom Hewett in the Star Mountains region of West Papua.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ In 2016, the New Guinea Highland Wild Dog Foundation announced to the media that it and the University of Papua had located and photographed a group of fifteen \"highland wild dogs\".", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog ( or ) is a dog breed which was developed in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The name \"Sennenhund\" refers to people called \"Senn\" or \"Senner\", dairymen and herders in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs are almost certainly the result of indigenous dogs mating with large mastiff types brought to Switzerland by foreign settlers.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ At one time, the breed was believed to have been among the most popular in Switzerland.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ It was assumed to have almost died out by the late 19th century, since its work was being done by other breeds or machines, but was rediscovered in the early 1900s.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They have a double coat that varies from smooth to rough and is occasionally curled.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ While black and white is the most commonly seen colour pattern of the Border Collie, the breed appears in just about any colour and pattern known to occur in dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Some of these include black tricolour (black/tan/white), liver and white, and red tricolour (red/tan/white) which have also been seen regularly, and other colours such as blue, lilac, red merle, blue merle, brindle, and Australian red (also known as ee red, blonde, recessive red, or gold) which is seen less frequently.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the Winnie-the-Pooh books and the Disney adaptations of the series.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ Winnie-the-Pooh, or Pooh for short, is an anthropomorphic, soft-voiced, cuddly, loveable and quiet toy bear and the main protagonist.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ Despite being naïve and slow-witted, he is a friendly, thoughtful and sometimes insightful character who is always willing to help his friends and try his best.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ A prime motivation is his love for honey, which quite often leads to trouble.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ In the books, Pooh is a talented poet, and the stories are frequently punctuated by his poems and \"hums.\"", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ He is humble about his slow-wittedness, but comfortable with his creative gifts.", "It Was Almost Like a Song __knowledge__ \"It Was Almost Like a Song\" is a song written by Hal David and Archie Jordan, and recorded by American country music singer Ronnie Milsap.", "It Was Almost Like a Song __knowledge__ It was released in May 1977 as the first single and title track from the album \"It Was Almost Like a Song\".", "It Was Almost Like a Song __knowledge__ It became one of the greatest hits of his recording career upon its release in 1977.", "It Was Almost Like a Song __knowledge__ In July 1977, \"It Was Almost Like a Song\" was Milsap's eighth No.", "It Was Almost Like a Song __knowledge__ 1 song on the \"Billboard magazine\" Hot Country Songs chart.", "It Was Almost Like a Song __knowledge__ The song also became his first \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart entry, peaking No.", "It Was Almost Like a Song __knowledge__ 16. and also on \"Billboard's\" Hot Adult Contemporary Singles chart, where it peaked at No.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousin cattle are a breed of highly muscled beef cattle originating from the Limousin and Marche regions of France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The breed is known as in France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousins were first exported from France in significant numbers in the 1960s and are now present in about 70 countries.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ They are naturally horned and have a distinctive lighter wheat to darker golden-red colouring, although international breeders have now bred polled (do not have horns) and black Limousins.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Initially used mainly as draft animals, interest in Limousins as a source of high quality meat grew about two hundred years ago.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The first Limousin herd book was then established in France in 1886 to ensure the breed's purity and improvement by only recording and breeding animals that satisfied a strictly enforced breed standard.", "Holstein Friesian cattle __knowledge__ Holstein Friesians (often shortened to Holsteins in North America, while the term Friesians is often used in the UK) are a breed of dairy cattle originating from the Dutch provinces of North Holland and Friesland, and Schleswig-Holstein in Northern Germany and Jutland.", "Holstein Friesian cattle __knowledge__ They are known as the world's highest-production dairy animals.", "Holstein Friesian cattle __knowledge__ The Dutch and German breeders bred and oversaw the development of the breed with the goal of obtaining animals that could best use grass, the area's most abundant resource.", "Holstein Friesian cattle __knowledge__ Over the centuries, the result was a high-producing, black-and-white dairy cow.", "Holstein Friesian cattle __knowledge__ With the growth of the New World, markets began to develop for milk in North America and South America, and dairy breeders turned to the Netherlands for their livestock.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Australian Shepherd, often known simply as the \"Aussie\", is a medium-sized breed of dog that was, despite its name, developed on ranches in the Western United States during the 19th century.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The dog was developed from a breed or breeds from the Basque country in Western Europe.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ It was brought by Basque people to the United States.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ These people had previously lived only briefly in Australia before moving to America.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed otherwise has no connection to Australia.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ There are a number of different theories regarding how the breed came to be associated with Australia, but there is no consensus.", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ The Jack Russell Terrier is a small terrier that has its origins in fox hunting.", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ It is principally white-bodied and smooth, rough or broken-coated but can be any colour.", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ The Jack Russell is frequently confused with the Parson Russell terrier (see the American Kennel Club) and the Russell terrier, which is a shorter-legged, stockier variety.", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ (Within the \"Fédération Cynologique Internationale\", the \"Russell terrier\" is also known as \"Jack Russell terrier\".)", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ The term \"Jack Russell\" is also commonly misapplied to other small white terriers.", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ The Jack Russell is a broad type, with a size range of .", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ The Parson Russell is limited only to a middle range with a standard size of , while the Russell terrier is smaller at .", "American Lamancha goat __knowledge__ American Lamancha, or more commonly, simply Lamancha or LaMancha, is a formally recognized breed of dairy goat, first bred in California by Mrs. Eula Fay Frey about 1927.", "American Lamancha goat __knowledge__ Later she moved the herd to Glide, Oregon for further development.", "American Lamancha goat __knowledge__ The Lamancha goat is a member of the Capra genus, specifically Capra aegagrus hircus (sometimes called Capra hircus), like all domestic goats.", "American Lamancha goat __knowledge__ Lamancha goats are perhaps the most distinctive goat breed; easily recognizable by their very short ear pinnae.", "American Lamancha goat __knowledge__ They are also known for their high milk production, and the comparatively high butterfat content in their milk, and people loving temperament.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ The American Hairless Terrier is a rare breed of dog that was derived as a variant of Rat Terrier.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ As of January 1, 2004, the United Kennel Club deemed the AHT a separate terrier breed, granting it full UKC recognition.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ An intelligent, social and energetic working breed, the American Hairless Terrier is often listed as a potential good breed choice for allergy sufferers.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ The American Hairless Terrier's American ancestry begins with the mixed breed terriers called Feists brought from Europe to North America as early as the 18th century.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ In the late 1800s the Rat Terrier breed was developed from the Feist by the addition of Beagle, Italian Greyhound and Miniature Pinscher bloodlines.", "Chincoteague Pony __knowledge__ The Chincoteague Pony, also known as the Assateague horse, is a breed of pony that developed and lives in a feral condition on Assateague Island in the United States states of Virginia and Maryland.", "Chincoteague Pony __knowledge__ The breed was made famous by the \"Misty of Chincoteague\" series written by Marguerite Henry starting in 1947.", "Chincoteague Pony __knowledge__ While phenotypically horse-like, they are commonly called \"ponies\".", "Chincoteague Pony __knowledge__ This is due in part to their smaller stature, created by the poor habitat on Assateague Island.", "Chincoteague Pony __knowledge__ Variation is found in their physical characteristics due to blood from different breeds being introduced at various points in their history." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 3, 6 ]

[ "I'm sure your border collie is highly intelligent and obedient as is this breed.", "yes, they an fantastically intelligent domestic breed of dog", "It takes a highly energetic breed such as yours to successfully herd.", "For a medium size dog, their coat sure does shed a lot !" ]

[ "Border Collie", "Border Collie", "Border Collie", "Border Collie" ]

[ "Blue\nBlue is my absolute favorite color. What is yours?", "Same here. Do you have a lot of blue things?", "Do you know more about the light spectrum? I only know ROY G. BIV, the colors of the rainbow.", "What does Goethe say about colors?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole is a bright African American girl with a natural riding ability.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ She became devastated when her mother died of cancer, and when Cobalt died, she almost gave up riding.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ But her father, U.S. Marine Colonel Mitch Hanson, reminded Carole that her mother would have wanted her to follow her passion.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ With money left by her mother, she bought a buckskin gelding, Starlight.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole knows her future lies with horses, but there are many paths to follow and she does not know which road to take.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Her grades are high enough for her to become a veterinarian but she would also love to breed and train Thoroughbreds.", "Grey __knowledge__ Grey (British English) or gray (American English; see spelling differences) is an intermediate color between black and white.", "Grey __knowledge__ It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is a color \"without color.\"", "Grey __knowledge__ It is the color of a cloud-covered sky, of ash and of lead.", "Grey __knowledge__ The first recorded use of \"grey\" as a color name in the English language was in AD 700.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Grey\" is the dominant spelling in European and Commonwealth English, although \"gray\" remained in common usage in the UK until the second half of the 20th century.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Gray\" has been the preferred American spelling since approximately 1825, although \"grey\" is an accepted variant.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is a composite color.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions.", "Brown __knowledge__ The brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.", "Brown __knowledge__ According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; the color is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Diva Starz was a series of fashion dolls created and released by Mattel during the Christmas shopping season of 2000.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ They are similar in design to the MGA Entertainment Bratz dolls released in 2001, and the Flavas dolls released by Mattel in 2003.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Original four dolls, Alexa, Nikki, Summer, and Tia (Summer was later replaced by Miranda) were offered in the original debut.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ The line was discontinued in 2004.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Each doll is approximately tall, with plastic clothing and combable hair.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ The owner can change the doll's outfits by snapping on different pieces of clothing.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ By using small metal contacts in the clothing and on the body, the doll \"knows\" which garment it is wearing, and will respond accordingly.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "The Blue Things __knowledge__ The Blue Things (also known as The Bluethings) were a folk-rock and, later, psychedelic band from Hays, Kansas that existed from 1964 to 1968, recording one LP and several singles for RCA Records in '66 and '67.", "The Blue Things __knowledge__ The RCA recordings remain their best-known material, although they had previously released singles through Ruff Records, a tiny Texas label.", "The Blue Things __knowledge__ Today the Blue Things are remembered as one of the best bands to come out of the Midwest in the 60's, although they were unheard of outside of the Midwest in their brief lifespan, and remain largely unheard to this day.", "The Blue Things __knowledge__ The Blue Things formed as The Blue Boys at Fort Hays State College from the ashes of a Hays R&B band, the Barons.", "New riddle of induction __knowledge__ Grue and bleen are examples of logical predicates coined by Nelson Goodman in \"Fact, Fiction, and Forecast\" to illustrate the \"new riddle of induction\".", "New riddle of induction __knowledge__ These predicates are unusual because their application is time-dependent; many have tried to solve the new riddle on those terms, but Hilary Putnam and others have argued such time-dependency depends on the language adopted, and in some languages it is equally true for natural-sounding predicates such as \"green.\"", "New riddle of induction __knowledge__ For Goodman they illustrate the problem of projectable predicates and ultimately, which empirical generalizations are law-like and which are not.", "Propositional formula __knowledge__ In propositional logic, a propositional formula is a type of syntactic formula which is well formed and has a truth value.", "Propositional formula __knowledge__ If the values of all variables in a propositional formula are given, it determines a unique truth value.", "Propositional formula __knowledge__ A propositional formula may also be called a propositional expression, a sentence, or a sentential formula.", "Propositional formula __knowledge__ A propositional formula is constructed from simple propositions, such as \"five is greater than three\" or propositional variables such as \"P\" and \"Q\", using connectives such as NOT, AND, OR, and IMPLIES; for example: In mathematics, a propositional formula is often more briefly referred to as a \"proposition\", but, more precisely, a propositional formula is not a proposition but a formal expression that \"denotes\" a proposition, a formal object under discussion, just like an expression such as \"\" is not a value, but denotes a value.", "David Malet Armstrong __knowledge__ David Malet Armstrong (8 July 1926 – 13 May 2014), often D. M. Armstrong, was an Australian philosopher.", "David Malet Armstrong __knowledge__ He is well known for his work on metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, and for his defence of a factualist ontology, a functionalist theory of the mind, an externalist epistemology, and a necessitarian conception of the laws of nature.", "David Malet Armstrong __knowledge__ He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008.", "David Malet Armstrong __knowledge__ Keith Campbell said that Armstrong's contributions to metaphysics and epistemology \"helped to shape philosophy's agenda and terms of debate\", and that Armstrong's work \"always concerned to elaborate and defend a philosophy which is ontically economical, synoptic, and compatibly continuous with established results in the natural sciences\".", "Mera Naseeb __knowledge__ Mera Naseeb () is a Hum TV drama which aired from 1 April 2011 to 26 August 2011.", "Mera Naseeb __knowledge__ The drama featured a huge ensemble star cast including Samina Peerzada, Sakina Samoo, Rubina Ashraf, Bushra Ansari, Shagufta Ejaz, Durdana Butt, Sajid Hassan, Adeel Hussain, Imran Abbas, Imran Aslam, Syra Yousuf, Sanam Saeed, Rehan Sheikh, Ali Afzal and Sabahat Bukhari.", "Mera Naseeb __knowledge__ Indian-American author Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni has accused the writers of the show of plagiarizing her novel \"Sister of My Heart\" for the story of the serial.", "Mera Naseeb __knowledge__ She has also threatened to take legal action against the writers of the show.", "Mera Naseeb __knowledge__ However the screenplay writer had mentioned earlier before the show's original run that it is a drama adaptation of a story provided to them.", "Music of Kansas __knowledge__ For many decades, Kansas has had a vibrant country and bluegrass scene.", "Music of Kansas __knowledge__ The Country Stampede Music Festival – one of the largest music festivals in the country – and the bluegrass/acoustic Walnut Valley Festival are testament to the continued popularity of these music genres in the state.", "Music of Kansas __knowledge__ Among current leading country artists, Martina McBride and Chely Wright are natives of Kansas.", "Music of Kansas __knowledge__ The state has also fostered some rock acts – the one that is most associated with the state is almost certainly the band called Kansas.", "Music of Kansas __knowledge__ Some famous and pioneering jazz musicians also had roots in Kansas.", "Music of Kansas __knowledge__ The first music performed in the area that is now Kansas was that of the Indigenous peoples who lived there.", "Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults __knowledge__ Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults is the fifth installment in the \"Green Crystal Ties\" series of psychedelic and garage rock compilations issued by Collectables Records.", "Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults __knowledge__ It was released on April 7, 1998 and like volume 1 features songs by obscure bands who recorded in the 1960s.", "Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults __knowledge__ The series is known for good quality mastering and sound quality.", "Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults __knowledge__ Like all of the entries in the series, the highly colorful packaging is designed by Nicole Ruhl Fichera.", "Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults __knowledge__ The inner sleeve includes well-researched liner notes written by Steve Kaplan and Matt Wendelken which provide helpful biographical information about the bands and their songs.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole is a bright African American girl with a natural riding ability.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ She became devastated when her mother died of cancer, and when Cobalt died, she almost gave up riding.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ But her father, U.S. Marine Colonel Mitch Hanson, reminded Carole that her mother would have wanted her to follow her passion.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ With money left by her mother, she bought a buckskin gelding, Starlight.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole knows her future lies with horses, but there are many paths to follow and she does not know which road to take.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Her grades are high enough for her to become a veterinarian but she would also love to breed and train Thoroughbreds.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is a composite color.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions.", "Brown __knowledge__ The brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.", "Brown __knowledge__ According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; the color is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "ROYGBIV __knowledge__ ROYGBIV or Roy G. Biv is an acronym for the sequence of hues commonly described as making up a rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.", "ROYGBIV __knowledge__ A rainbow spans a continuous spectrum of colors; the distinct bands are an artifact of human color vision.", "ROYGBIV __knowledge__ In \"ROYGBIV\", the colors are arranged in the order of decreasing wavelengths: red is about 650 nm and violet about 400 nm.", "ROYGBIV __knowledge__ The acronym is memorable because Roy is a male given name, so \"Roy G. Biv\" sounds like a first name, middle initial, and a last name.", "ROYGBIV __knowledge__ In Classical Antiquity, Aristotle claimed there was a scale of seven basic colors.", "Atmospheric optics __knowledge__ Atmospheric optics deals with how the unique optical properties of Earth's atmosphere cause a wide range of spectacular optical phenomena.", "Atmospheric optics __knowledge__ The blue color of the sky is a direct result of Rayleigh scattering, which redirects higher frequency (blue) sunlight back into the field of view of the observer.", "Atmospheric optics __knowledge__ Because blue light is scattered more easily than red light, the Sun takes on a reddish hue when it is observed through a thick atmosphere, as during a sunrise or sunset.", "Atmospheric optics __knowledge__ Additional particulate matter in the sky can scatter different colors at different angles, creating colorful, glowing skies at dusk and dawn.", "Indigo __knowledge__ Indigo is a deep and rich color close to the color wheel blue (a primary color in the RGB color space), as well as to some variants of ultramarine.", "Indigo __knowledge__ It is traditionally regarded as a color in the visible spectrum, as well as one of the seven colors of the rainbow: the color between blue and violet; however, sources differ as to its actual position in the electromagnetic spectrum.", "Indigo __knowledge__ The color indigo is named after the indigo dye derived from the plant \"Indigofera tinctoria\" and related species.", "Indigo __knowledge__ The first known recorded use of indigo as a color name in English was in 1289.", "Indigo __knowledge__ Species of \"Indigofera\" were cultivated in East Asia, Egypt, India, and Peru in antiquity.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly invisible.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Objects in the defined location are still present, but incident waves are guided around them without being affected by the object itself.", "Rainbow Raider __knowledge__ Rainbow Raider (Roy G. Bivolo) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books by DC Comics.", "Rainbow Raider __knowledge__ His real name is a pun based on the acronym \"ROYGBIV\" (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet, pronounced \"roy-gee-bihv\"), a mnemonic for the colors of a rainbow.", "Rainbow Raider __knowledge__ He is a minor, though recurring, enemy of the Flash and other heroes.", "Rainbow Raider __knowledge__ Rainbow Raider first appeared in \"The Flash\" #286 (June 1980), and was created by Cary Bates and Don Heck.", "Rainbow Raider __knowledge__ As a child, Roy G. Bivolo always dreamed of a career as an artist, a lofty goal considering he was completely colorblind.", "Rainbow Raider __knowledge__ He would often paint what he thought were beautiful pieces of art, only to be told that it was made up of clashing colors.", "Grow light __knowledge__ A grow light or plant light is an artificial light source, generally an electric light, designed to stimulate plant growth by emitting a light appropriate for photosynthesis.", "Grow light __knowledge__ Grow lights are used in applications where there is either no naturally occurring light, or where supplemental light is required.", "Grow light __knowledge__ For example, in the winter months when the available hours of daylight may be insufficient for the desired plant growth, lights are used to extend the time the plants receive light.", "Grow light __knowledge__ If plants do not receive enough light, they will grow long and spindly.", "Grow light __knowledge__ Grow lights either attempt to provide a light spectrum similar to that of the sun, or to provide a spectrum that is more tailored to the needs of the plants being cultivated.", "Spectral color __knowledge__ A spectral color is a color that is evoked in a normal human by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum, or by a relatively narrow band of wavelengths, also known as monochromatic light.", "Spectral color __knowledge__ Every wavelength of visible light is perceived as a spectral color, in a continuous spectrum; the colors of sufficiently close wavelengths are indistinguishable.", "Spectral color __knowledge__ The spectrum is often divided into named colors, though any division is somewhat arbitrary: the spectrum is continuous.", "Spectral color __knowledge__ Traditional colors in English include: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet.", "Spectral color __knowledge__ In some other languages the ranges corresponding to color names do not necessarily agree with those in English.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ It is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm) and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ Theory of Colours (German: \"Zur Farbenlehre\") is a book by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about the poet's views on the nature of colours and how these are perceived by humans.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ It was published in German in 1810 and in English in 1840.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ The books contains detailed descriptions of phenomena such as coloured shadows, refraction, and chromatic aberration.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ The work originated in Goethe's occupation with painting and mainly exerted an influence on the arts (Philipp Otto Runge, J. M. W. Turner, the Pre-Raphaelites, Wassily Kandinsky).", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ The book is a successor to two short essays entitled \"Contributions to Optics\".", "Keeshond __knowledge__ The Keeshond ( ; plural: Keeshonden) is a medium-sized dog with a plush, two-layer coat of silver and black fur with a ruff and a curled tail.", "Keeshond __knowledge__ It originated in Germany, and its closest relatives are the German spitzes such as the Großspitz, Mittelspitz, and Kleinspitz or Pomeranian.", "Keeshond __knowledge__ Originally called the German Spitz, more specifically the Wolfspitz, the name was officially changed to Keeshond, in 1926 in England, where it had been known as the Dutch Barge Dog.", "Keeshond __knowledge__ A member of the spitz group of dogs, the Keeshond in American Kennel Club (AKC) standard is to tall and ± in the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) standard and weighs to .", "Chroma key __knowledge__ Chroma key compositing, or chroma keying, is a visual effects / post-production technique for compositing (layering) two images or video streams together based on color hues (chroma range).", "Chroma key __knowledge__ The technique has been used heavily in many fields to remove a background from the subject of a photo or video – particularly the newscasting, motion picture and videogame industries.", "Chroma key __knowledge__ A color range in the foreground footage is made transparent, allowing separately filmed background footage or a static image to be inserted into the scene.", "Chroma key __knowledge__ The chroma keying technique is commonly used in video production and post-production." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe __knowledge__ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (; ; 28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German writer and statesman.", "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe __knowledge__ His works include epic and lyric poetry; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour; and four novels.", "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe __knowledge__ In addition, numerous literary and scientific fragments, more than 10,000 letters, and nearly 3,000 drawings by him exist.", "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe __knowledge__ A literary celebrity by the age of 25, Goethe was ennobled by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Carl August in 1782 after taking up residence there in November 1775 following the success of his first novel, \"The Sorrows of Young Werther\".", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ On Vision and Colors () is a treatise by Arthur Schopenhauer that was published in May 1816 when the author was 28 years old.", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ Schopenhauer had extensive discussions with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about the poet's \"Theory of Colours\" of 1810, in the months around the turn of the years 1813 and 1814, and basically shared Goethe's views.", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ Schopenhauer tried to demonstrate physiologically that color is \"specially modified activity of the retina.\"", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ The initial basis for Schopenhauer's color theory comes from Goethe's chapter on physiological colors, which discusses three principal pairs of contrasting colors: red/green, orange/blue, and yellow/violet.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ Theory of Colours (German: \"Zur Farbenlehre\") is a book by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about the poet's views on the nature of colours and how these are perceived by humans.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ It was published in German in 1810 and in English in 1840.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ The books contains detailed descriptions of phenomena such as coloured shadows, refraction, and chromatic aberration.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ The work originated in Goethe's occupation with painting and mainly exerted an influence on the arts (Philipp Otto Runge, J. M. W. Turner, the Pre-Raphaelites, Wassily Kandinsky).", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ The book is a successor to two short essays entitled \"Contributions to Optics\".", "Goethean science __knowledge__ Goethean science refers to a movement in science in the 19th century closely connected to the work and writings of German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.", "Goethean science __knowledge__ Goethe, although primarily known as a literary figure, did research in morphology, anatomy, and optics, and also developed a phenomenological approach to science and to knowledge in general.", "Goethean science __knowledge__ His scientific works include his 1790 \"Metamorphosis of Plants\" and his 1810 book \"Theory of Colors\".", "Goethean science __knowledge__ His work in optics, and his polemics against the reigning Newtonian theory of optics, were poorly received by the scientific establishment of his time.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined, cancel each other out.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ This means that when combined, they produce a gray-scale color like white or black.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those particular two colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Due to this striking color clash, the term opposite colors is often considered more appropriate than \"complementary colors\".", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Which pairs of colors are considered complementary depends on the color theory one uses: On the traditional color wheel developed in the 18th century, used by Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh and other painters, and still used by many artists today, the primary colors were considered to be red, yellow, and blue, and the primary–secondary complementary pairs are red–green (Christmas), blue-orange (Westwood), and yellow–purple (Mesa High).", "Charles Goethe __knowledge__ Charles Matthias Goethe (March 28, 1875 – July 10, 1966) was an American eugenicist, entrepreneur, land developer, philanthropist, conservationist, founder of the Eugenics Society of Northern California, and a native and lifelong resident of Sacramento, California.", "Charles Goethe __knowledge__ Charles M. Goethe was born on March 28, 1875 in Sacramento California.", "Charles Goethe __knowledge__ Goethe’s grandparents had immigrated to California from Germany in the 1870s.", "Charles Goethe __knowledge__ Charles’ father was interested in agriculture and wild life.", "Charles Goethe __knowledge__ Both men also pursued careers in real estate as Charles made most of his money as a real estate broker.", "Charles Goethe __knowledge__ Charles had passed the bar exam but did not pursue a career in law.", "Nago–Torbole __knowledge__ Nago–Torbole () is a \"comune\" (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about southwest of Trento on the north shore of Lake Garda.", "Nago–Torbole __knowledge__ As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,434 and an area of .", "Nago–Torbole __knowledge__ The municipality of Nago–Torbole contains the \"frazioni\" (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Torbole (\"Turbel\"), Nago (\"Naag\"), and Tempesta.", "Nago–Torbole __knowledge__ Nago–Torbole borders the following municipalities: Arco, Riva del Garda, Mori, Ledro, Brentonico, and Malcesine.", "Nago–Torbole __knowledge__ Torbole, at above sea level, is situated on the extreme north-western appendix of the Baldo chain and it is set as an amphitheatre on Lake Garda.", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain __knowledge__ Houston Stewart Chamberlain (; 9 September 1855 – 9 January 1927) was a British-born philosopher who wrote works about political philosophy and natural science; he is described by Michael D. Biddiss, a contributor to the \"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\", as a \"racialist writer\".", "Houston Stewart Chamberlain __knowledge__ Chamberlain married Eva von Bülow, the daughter of composer Richard Wagner, in December 1908 - twenty-five years after Wagner's death Chamberlain's best known book is the two-volume \"Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts\" (\"The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century\"), published in 1899, which became highly influential in the pan-Germanic \"völkisch\" movements of the early 20th century and later influenced the antisemitism of Nazi racial policy.", "Saisy __knowledge__ Saisy is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France.", "Saisy __knowledge__ Saisy is located from Beaune, from Chalon-sur-Saône and from Autun.", "Saisy __knowledge__ An aerial view of Saisy (le Bourg) from geoportail.fr.", "Saisy __knowledge__ The Chalon-Autun-Beaune triangle is regarded as one of the most beautiful areas in the whole of France, with breathtaking scenery, outstanding cuisine and world class wines.", "Saisy __knowledge__ It is gradually becoming a popular place for second home owners from Paris, Holland and increasingly the UK and the US.", "Saisy __knowledge__ There are views across the countryside from every part of the commune, yet busy towns and cities, not least Dijon and Lyon, are on the doorstep.", "Safa Khulusi __knowledge__ Safa Abdul-Aziz Khulusi (; 1917–1995) was an Iraqi historian, novelist, poet, journalist and broadcaster.", "Safa Khulusi __knowledge__ He is known for mediating between Arabic- and English-language cultures, and for his scholarship of modern Iraqi literature.", "Safa Khulusi __knowledge__ He is also remembered for his theories on Arabic grammar, on Shakespeare, as well as his role in Islamic education and his work on the poetry of al-Mutanabbi.", "Safa Khulusi __knowledge__ Khulusi was born in Baghdad, the son of a lawyer.", "Safa Khulusi __knowledge__ His mother died when he was four years old.", "Safa Khulusi __knowledge__ His family originates from Khanaqin.", "Safa Khulusi __knowledge__ His grandfather resettled the family in Baghdad where he served as an officer in the Ottoman army, but was killed during the military withdrawal from Mesopotamia at the end of World War I. Khulusi was inspired to pursue a literary career from an early age by his uncle, the novelist and poet Abdul-Majid Lutfi.", "Light and Colour (Goethe's Theory) – The Morning after the Deluge – Moses Writing the Book of Genesis __knowledge__ Light and Colour (Goethe's Theory) – The Morning after the Deluge – Moses Writing the Book of Genesis is an oil painting by the English painter Joseph Mallord William Turner (c.1775–1851), first exhibited in 1843.", "Light and Colour (Goethe's Theory) – The Morning after the Deluge – Moses Writing the Book of Genesis __knowledge__ Displayed during the latter years of J.M.W.", "Light and Colour (Goethe's Theory) – The Morning after the Deluge – Moses Writing the Book of Genesis __knowledge__ Turners career, this painting depicts a deluge scene where the natural effects of light and weather (the atmosphere) play a crucial role on Turner's concept of vision.", "Light and Colour (Goethe's Theory) – The Morning after the Deluge – Moses Writing the Book of Genesis __knowledge__ The deluge being referred to in the title is the representation of the great flood story told in the Book of Genesis.", "Light and Colour (Goethe's Theory) – The Morning after the Deluge – Moses Writing the Book of Genesis __knowledge__ As suggested by its title, the painting also acknowledges Moses, known as the author of the book of Genesis found in the Old Testament of the Bible." ] ]

[ 8, 49, 0, 23 ]

[ "Blue is my favorite color too. I love that it's used a lot in art and decoration since ancient times", "Yea. But I also have a lot of things colored from the other end of the light spectrum, red", "A lot of what I learned about the light spectum is from the Theory of Colours, a book by Johahn Woflgang von Goethe. I highly recommend it!", "He describes in detail phenomena such as colored shadows, chromatic abberations and refractions" ]

[ "Blue", "Blue", "Blue", "Blue" ]

[ "Jane Austen\nI'm interested in finding a good book to read. I was thinking about a book by Jane Austen. Any suggestions?", "Is there any novel in particular that you like the most?", "Thanks for the suggestion. When did she make her first book?", " Interesting. Do you know how many novels she has made in total? I'd love to research them all! I'm intrigued." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (; 16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century literary realism.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her use of biting irony, along with her realism and social commentary, have earned her acclaim among critics and scholars.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ With the publications of \"Sense and Sensibility\" (1811), \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813), \"Mansfield Park\" (1814) and \"Emma\" (1816), she achieved success as a published writer.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ She wrote two additional novels, \"Northanger Abbey\" and \"Persuasion\", both published posthumously in 1818, and began another, eventually titled \"Sanditon\", but died before its completion.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ She also left behind three volumes of juvenile writings in manuscript and another unfinished novel, The Watsons.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her six full-length novels have rarely been out of print, although they were published anonymously and brought her moderate success and little fame during her lifetime.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ The reception history of Jane Austen follows a path from modest fame to wild popularity.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (1775–1817), the author of such works as \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813) and \"Emma\" (1815), has become one of the best-known and most widely read novelists in the English language.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her novels are the subject of intense scholarly study and the centre of a diverse fan culture.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ During her lifetime, Austen's novels brought her little personal fame.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Like many women writers, she chose to publish anonymously, but her authorship was an open secret.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ At the time they were published, Austen's works were considered fashionable but received only a few reviews, albeit positive.", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ The author Jane Austen, as well as her works, have been represented in popular culture in a variety of forms.", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose social commentary and masterly use of both free indirect speech and irony eventually made her one of the most influential and honoured novelists in English literature.", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ In popular culture, Austen's novels and her personal life have been adapted into book illustration (starting in 1833), dramatizations (starting in 1895), Hollywood film (starting in 1940), television (starting in 1938), and professional theatre (starting in 1901), with adaptations varying greatly in their faithfulness to the original.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ Becoming Jane is a 2007 British-Irish biographical romantic drama film directed by Julian Jarrold.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ It depicts the early life of the English author Jane Austen and her lasting love for Thomas Langlois Lefroy.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ American actress Anne Hathaway stars as the title character, while her romantic interest is played by Scottish actor James McAvoy.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ Also appearing in the film are Julie Walters, James Cromwell and Maggie Smith.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ The film was produced in cooperation with several companies, including Ecosse Films and Blueprint Pictures.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ It also received funding from the Irish Film Board and the UK Film Council Premiere Fund.", "Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels __knowledge__ Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels is the ever-present background of her work, the world in which all her characters are set.", "Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels __knowledge__ Entirely situated during the reign of George III, the novels of Jane Austen describe their everyday lives, their joys and sorrows, as well as their loves, and provide in the process an irreplaceable insight into the period.", "Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels __knowledge__ Jane Austen's novels deal with such varied subjects as the historical context, the social hierarchies of the time, the role and status of the clergy, gender roles, marriage, or the pastimes of well-off families.", "Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels __knowledge__ Without even the reader noticing, many details are broached, whether of daily life, of forgotten legal aspects, or of surprising customs, thus bringing life and authenticity to the English society of this period.", "Mansfield Park __knowledge__ Mansfield Park is the third published novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1814.", "Mansfield Park __knowledge__ The novel tells the story of Fanny Price starting when her overburdened family sends her at age 10 to live in the household of her wealthy aunt and uncle, through to her marriage.", "Mansfield Park __knowledge__ The novel was first published by Thomas Egerton.", "Mansfield Park __knowledge__ A second edition was published in 1816 by John Murray, still within Austen's lifetime.", "Mansfield Park __knowledge__ The novel did not receive any critical attention when it was initially published; the first particular notice was in 1821, in a positive review of each of the published novels by Jane Austen.", "Mansfield Park __knowledge__ The critical reception from the late 20th century onward has been controversial.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ Sense and Sensibility is a 1995 American period drama film directed by Ang Lee and based on Jane Austen's 1811 novel of the same name.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ Actress Emma Thompson wrote the script and stars as Elinor Dashwood, while Kate Winslet plays Elinor's younger sister Marianne.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ The story follows the Dashwood sisters, members of a wealthy English family of landed gentry, as they must deal with circumstances of sudden destitution.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ They are forced to seek financial security through marriage.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ Actors Hugh Grant and Alan Rickman play their respective suitors.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ The film was released on December 13, 1995, in the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (; 16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century literary realism.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her use of biting irony, along with her realism and social commentary, have earned her acclaim among critics and scholars.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ With the publications of \"Sense and Sensibility\" (1811), \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813), \"Mansfield Park\" (1814) and \"Emma\" (1816), she achieved success as a published writer.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ She wrote two additional novels, \"Northanger Abbey\" and \"Persuasion\", both published posthumously in 1818, and began another, eventually titled \"Sanditon\", but died before its completion.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ She also left behind three volumes of juvenile writings in manuscript and another unfinished novel, The Watsons.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her six full-length novels have rarely been out of print, although they were published anonymously and brought her moderate success and little fame during her lifetime.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ On March 21, 1890, at a conference dedicated to the during the last civil war, Miguel de Unamuno delivered a lecture titled \"La última guerra carlista como materia poética\".", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ It was probably the first ever attempt to examine the Carlist motive in literature, as for the previous 57 years the subject had been increasingly present in poetry, drama and novel.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ However, it remains paradoxical that when Unamuno was offering his analysis, the period of great Carlist role in letters was just about to begin.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ It lasted for some quarter of a century, as until the late 1910s Carlism remained a key theme of numerous monumental works of Spanish literature.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ Aircraft in fiction covers the various real-world aircraft that have made significant appearances in fiction over the decades, including in books, films, toys, TV programs, video games, and other media.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ These appearances spotlight the popularity of different models of aircraft, and showcase the different types for the general public.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ The first aviation film was the 1911 William J. Humphrey–directed two-reeler, \"The Military Air-Scout\", shot following an Aero Club of America flying meet at Long Island, New York, with Lt. Henry Arnold doing the stunt flying.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ \"Arnold, who picked up 'a few extra bucks' for his services, became so excited about movies that he almost quit the Army to become an actor.\"", "Marthandavarma (novel) __knowledge__ Marthandavarma ( ) is a historical romance novel by C. V. Raman Pillai published in 1891.", "Marthandavarma (novel) __knowledge__ It recounts the history of Venad (Travancore) during the final period of Rajah Rama Varma’s reign and subsequently to the accession of Marthanda Varma.", "Marthandavarma (novel) __knowledge__ Set in Kollavarsham 901–906 (Gregorian calendar: 1727–1732), the story revolves around three protagonists, Ananthapadmanabhan, Subhadra and Mangoikkal Kuruppu, who try to protect the title character from Padmanabhan Thambi and Ettu Veetil Pillamar who plan to oust him from the throne of Travancore.", "Marthandavarma (novel) __knowledge__ The novel utilizes rich allusions to the Indian subcontinent and Western, historical, cultural and literary traditions.", "List of Battle Royale characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in the novel, manga, and film versions of \"Battle Royale\".", "List of Battle Royale characters __knowledge__ Boy #15 has witnessed a good deal of troubling events throughout his life.", "List of Battle Royale characters __knowledge__ His father was killed by the government for struggling against the regime, and his mother died while he was in third grade.", "List of Battle Royale characters __knowledge__ When the rest of his family rejected him, Shuya was put in an orphanage.", "List of Battle Royale characters __knowledge__ He is willing to trust others, not wanting to take part in the Battle Royale program.", "List of Battle Royale characters __knowledge__ He tries several times to rally fellow students in an attempt to escape, but fails.", "List of Battle Royale characters __knowledge__ Consequently, he narrowly escapes death at the hands of his classmates on several occasions.", "Gothic fiction __knowledge__ Gothic fiction, which is largely known by the subgenre of Gothic horror, is a genre or mode of literature and film that combines fiction and horror, death, and at times romance.", "Gothic fiction __knowledge__ Its origin is attributed to English author Horace Walpole, with his 1764 novel \"The Castle of Otranto\", subtitled (in its second edition) \"A Gothic Story\".", "Gothic fiction __knowledge__ The effect of Gothic fiction feeds on a pleasing sort of terror, an extension of Romantic literary pleasures that were relatively new at the time of Walpole's novel.", "Gothic fiction __knowledge__ It originated in England in the second half of the 18th century where, following Walpole, it was further developed by Clara Reeve, Ann Radcliffe, William Thomas Beckford and Matthew Lewis.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Jean Henri Gaston Giraud (; 8 May 1938 – 10 March 2012) was a French artist, cartoonist and writer who worked in the Franco-Belgian \"bandes dessinées\" (BD) tradition.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Giraud garnered worldwide acclaim predominantly under the pseudonym Mœbius (; ) and to a lesser extent Gir (), which he used for the \"Blueberry\" series and his Western themed paintings.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Esteemed by Federico Fellini, Stan Lee and Hayao Miyazaki among others, he has been described as the most influential artist after Hergé.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ His most famous works include the series \"Blueberry\", created with writer Jean-Michel Charlier, featuring one of the first anti-heroes in Western comics.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ Mircea Eliade (; – April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ He was a leading interpreter of religious experience, who established paradigms in religious studies that persist to this day.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ His theory that \"hierophanies\" form the basis of religion, splitting the human experience of reality into sacred and profane space and time, has proved influential.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ One of his most influential contributions to religious studies was his theory of \"Eternal Return\", which holds that myths and rituals do not simply commemorate hierophanies, but, at least to the minds of the religious, actually participate in them.", "Landed gentry __knowledge__ Landed gentry or gentry is a largely historical British social class consisting in theory of landowners who could live entirely from rental income, or at least had a country estate.", "Landed gentry __knowledge__ It was distinct from, and socially \"below\", the aristocracy or peerage, although in fact some of the landed gentry were wealthier than some peers, and many gentry were related to peers.", "Landed gentry __knowledge__ They often worked as administrators of their own lands, while others became public, political and armed forces figures.", "Landed gentry __knowledge__ The decline of this privileged class largely stemmed from the 1870s agricultural depression.", "Landed gentry __knowledge__ The designation \"landed gentry\" originally referred exclusively to members of the upper class who were landlords and also commoners in the British sense, that is, they did not hold peerages, but usage became more fluid over time.", "Gentry __knowledge__ Gentry (from Old French \"genterie\", from \"gentil\", \"high-born, noble\") are \"well-born, genteel and well-bred people\" of high social class, especially in the past.", "Gentry __knowledge__ \"Gentry\", in its widest connotation, refers to people of good social position connected to landed estates (see manorialism), upper levels of the clergy, and \"gentle\" families of long descent who never obtained the official right to bear a coat of arms.", "Gentry __knowledge__ The historical term \"gentry\" by itself, so Peter Coss argues, is a construct that historians have applied loosely to rather different societies.", "Gentry __knowledge__ Any particular model may not fit a specific society, yet a single definition nevertheless remains desirable.", "Burke's Landed Gentry __knowledge__ Burke's Landed Gentry (originally titled Burke's Commoners) is a reference work listing British families once holding or who continue to own large estates.", "Burke's Landed Gentry __knowledge__ Historically, persons from such families were often in positions of influence and power in regional administration such as High Sheriff, JP, DL or MP for their county.", "Burke's Landed Gentry __knowledge__ The work has been existence from the first half of the 19th century, and was founded by John Burke.", "Burke's Landed Gentry __knowledge__ He and successors from the Burke family, and others since, have written in it on genealogy and heraldry, relating to landowner and the gentry.", "Burke's Landed Gentry __knowledge__ It has evolved alongside \"Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage\".", "Burke's Peerage __knowledge__ Burke's Peerage Limited is a British genealogical publisher founded in 1826, when Irish genealogist John Burke began releasing books devoted to the ancestry and heraldry of the peerage, baronetage, knightage and landed gentry of the United Kingdom.", "Burke's Peerage __knowledge__ His enormously popular first publication, a \"Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the United Kingdom\", was updated sporadically until 1847, when the company began releasing new editions every year as \"Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage\" (often shortened to just \"Burke's Peerage\").", "Burke's Peerage __knowledge__ Many other books followed, including \"Burke's Landed Gentry\", \"Burke's Colonial Gentry\", and \"Burke's General Armory\".", "Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels __knowledge__ Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels is the ever-present background of her work, the world in which all her characters are set.", "Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels __knowledge__ Entirely situated during the reign of George III, the novels of Jane Austen describe their everyday lives, their joys and sorrows, as well as their loves, and provide in the process an irreplaceable insight into the period.", "Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels __knowledge__ Jane Austen's novels deal with such varied subjects as the historical context, the social hierarchies of the time, the role and status of the clergy, gender roles, marriage, or the pastimes of well-off families.", "Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels __knowledge__ Without even the reader noticing, many details are broached, whether of daily life, of forgotten legal aspects, or of surprising customs, thus bringing life and authenticity to the English society of this period.", "Anthony Trollope __knowledge__ Anthony Trollope (; 24 April 1815 – 6 December 1882) was an English novelist of the Victorian era.", "Anthony Trollope __knowledge__ Among his best-known works is a series of novels collectively known as the Chronicles of Barsetshire, which revolves around the imaginary county of Barsetshire.", "Anthony Trollope __knowledge__ He also wrote novels on political, social, and gender issues, and other topical matters.", "Anthony Trollope __knowledge__ Trollope's literary reputation dipped somewhat during the last years of his life, but he had regained the esteem of critics by the mid-20th century.", "Anthony Trollope __knowledge__ Thomas Anthony Trollope, Anthony's father, was a barrister.", "Anthony Trollope __knowledge__ Though a clever and well-educated man and a Fellow of New College, Oxford, he failed at the bar due to his bad temper." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (; 16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century literary realism.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her use of biting irony, along with her realism and social commentary, have earned her acclaim among critics and scholars.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ With the publications of \"Sense and Sensibility\" (1811), \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813), \"Mansfield Park\" (1814) and \"Emma\" (1816), she achieved success as a published writer.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ She wrote two additional novels, \"Northanger Abbey\" and \"Persuasion\", both published posthumously in 1818, and began another, eventually titled \"Sanditon\", but died before its completion.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ She also left behind three volumes of juvenile writings in manuscript and another unfinished novel, The Watsons.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her six full-length novels have rarely been out of print, although they were published anonymously and brought her moderate success and little fame during her lifetime.", "List of Skulduggery Pleasant characters __knowledge__ This list comprises information on characters who exist in the following fantasy novels: The \"Skulduggery Pleasant books\" are written by Derek Landy.", "List of Skulduggery Pleasant characters __knowledge__ The premise of the novel is that magic is real and those with the ability to wield it live among us.", "List of Skulduggery Pleasant characters __knowledge__ Magic is split into many \"Schools\" or disciplines, the two main groups being Elemental (which concentrate on magic involving the classical elements of fire, earth, air and water) and Adepts (which is split into many other disciplines, some more obscure than others, examples being Sensitives (similar to traditional psychics or mediums), Teleporters, Shape-shifters, Necromancers etc.).", "Cluedo __knowledge__ Cluedo ()—known as Clue in North America—is a murder mystery game for three to six players, devised by Anthony E. Pratt from Birmingham, England.", "Cluedo __knowledge__ The game was first manufactured by Waddingtons in the UK in 1949.", "Cluedo __knowledge__ Since then, it has been relaunched and updated several times, and it is currently owned and published by the American game and toy company Hasbro.", "Cluedo __knowledge__ The object of the game is to determine who murdered the game's victim (\"Dr. Black\" in the UK version and \"Mr. Boddy\" in North American versions), where the crime took place, and which weapon was used.", "Cluedo __knowledge__ Each player assumes the role of one of the six suspects, and attempts to deduce the correct answer by strategically moving around a game board representing the rooms of a mansion and collecting clues about the circumstances of the murder from the other players.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from the \"Forgotten Realms\" campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the \"Forgotten Realms\".", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Many have some magical abilities.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Aballister Bonaduce is the nemesis of his son Cadderly Bonaduce, the main character of R.A. Salvatore's The Cleric Quintet.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Calculating, cold, and merciless, Aballister is determined to complete his conquest of the region.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Guided by the goddess Talona, Mistress of Poison, Aballister creates The Chaos Curse and unleashes it upon The Edificant Library, home of Cadderly and his friends.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ Hypnosis is a state of human consciousness involving focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ The term may also refer to an art, skill, or act of inducing hypnosis.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ Theories explaining what occurs during hypnosis fall into two groups.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ \"Altered state\" theories see hypnosis as an altered state of mind or trance, marked by a level of awareness different from the ordinary conscious state.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ In contrast, \"nonstate\" theories see hypnosis as a form of imaginative role enactment.", "Hypnosis __knowledge__ During hypnosis, a person is said to have heightened focus and concentration.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ The fictional Land of Oz is a magical country first introduced in the classic children's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900).", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ Oz consists of four vast quadrants, the Gillikin Country in the north, Quadling Country in the south, Munchkin Country in the east and Winkie Country in the west.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ Each province has its own ruler, but the realm itself has always been ruled by a single monarch.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ After The Marvelous Land of Oz, this monarch is Princess Ozma.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ Originally, Baum did not intend for \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" to have any sequels, but it achieved a greater popularity than any of the other fairylands he created, including the land of Merryland in Baum's children's novel \"Dot and Tot in Merryland\", written a year later.", "Winston Churchill __knowledge__ Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, army officer and writer, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.", "Winston Churchill __knowledge__ Over the course of his career as a Member of Parliament (MP), he represented five constituencies in both England and Scotland.", "Winston Churchill __knowledge__ During his time as Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to an allied victory in the Second World War.", "Winston Churchill __knowledge__ He was Conservative Party leader from 1940 to 1955.", "Winston Churchill __knowledge__ In 1953, Churchill won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his lifetime body of work, the prize cited \"his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\".", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the \"Wild Cards\" book series.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ The Astronomer is a character from the \"Wild Cards\" series of books.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ He first appeared in the short story \"Pennies from Hell\" by Lewis Shiner in \"Wild Cards II: Aces High\", though his presence was earlier implied in \"The Long, Dark Night of Fortunato\" in the first volume of the series.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ Leader of a cult consisting mainly of superhuman aces and deformed jokers known as the Egyptian Freemasons.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ The Astronomer planned to conquer the world in the aftermath of an invasion by fungoid aliens called the Swarm.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ Unknown to him, the Shakti device of the Egyptian Freemasons lacked a power source and was designed to contact an alien organization, the Network.", "Pride and Prejudice __knowledge__ Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1813.", "Pride and Prejudice __knowledge__ The story charts the emotional development of the protagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, who learns the error of making hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between the superficial and the essential.", "Pride and Prejudice __knowledge__ The comedy of the writing lies in the depiction of manners, education, marriage, and money during the British Regency period.", "Pride and Prejudice __knowledge__ Mr. Bennet of the Longbourn estate has five daughters, but his property is entailed, meaning that none of the girls can inherit it.", "Pride and Prejudice __knowledge__ His wife has no fortune, so it is imperative that at least one of the girls marry well in order to support the others on his death.", "Pride & Prejudice (2005 film) __knowledge__ Pride & Prejudice is a 2005 British-American romantic drama directed by Joe Wright and based on Jane Austen's 1813 novel of the same name.", "Pride & Prejudice (2005 film) __knowledge__ The film depicts five sisters from an English family of landed gentry as they deal with issues of marriage, morality and misconceptions.", "Pride & Prejudice (2005 film) __knowledge__ Keira Knightley stars in the lead role of Elizabeth Bennet, while Matthew Macfadyen plays her romantic interest Mr Darcy.", "Pride & Prejudice (2005 film) __knowledge__ Produced by Working Title Films in association with StudioCanal, the film was released on 16 September 2005 in the United Kingdom and Ireland and on 11 November in the United States.", "Pride & Prejudice (2005 film) __knowledge__ Screenwriter Deborah Moggach initially attempted to make her script as faithful to the novel as possible, writing from Elizabeth's perspective while preserving much of the original dialogue.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ The reception history of Jane Austen follows a path from modest fame to wild popularity.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (1775–1817), the author of such works as \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813) and \"Emma\" (1815), has become one of the best-known and most widely read novelists in the English language.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her novels are the subject of intense scholarly study and the centre of a diverse fan culture.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ During her lifetime, Austen's novels brought her little personal fame.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Like many women writers, she chose to publish anonymously, but her authorship was an open secret.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ At the time they were published, Austen's works were considered fashionable but received only a few reviews, albeit positive.", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ The author Jane Austen, as well as her works, have been represented in popular culture in a variety of forms.", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose social commentary and masterly use of both free indirect speech and irony eventually made her one of the most influential and honoured novelists in English literature.", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ In popular culture, Austen's novels and her personal life have been adapted into book illustration (starting in 1833), dramatizations (starting in 1895), Hollywood film (starting in 1940), television (starting in 1938), and professional theatre (starting in 1901), with adaptations varying greatly in their faithfulness to the original.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ Pride and Prejudice is a six-episode 1995 British television drama, adapted by Andrew Davies from Jane Austen's 1813 novel of the same name.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth starred as Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ Produced by Sue Birtwistle and directed by Simon Langton, the serial was a BBC production with additional funding from the American A&E Network.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ BBC1 originally broadcast the 55-minute episodes from 24 September to 29 October 1995.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ The A&E Network aired the series in double episodes on three consecutive nights beginning 14 January 1996.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ There are six episodes in the series.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ Critically acclaimed and a popular success, \"Pride and Prejudice\" was honoured with several awards, including a BAFTA Television Award for Jennifer Ehle for \"Best Actress\" and an Emmy for \"Outstanding Individual Achievement in Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special\".", "Pride and Prejudice and Zombies __knowledge__ Pride and Prejudice and Zombies is a 2009 parody novel by Seth Grahame-Smith.", "Pride and Prejudice and Zombies __knowledge__ It is a mashup combining Jane Austen's classic novel \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813) with elements of modern zombie fiction, crediting Austen as co-author.", "Pride and Prejudice and Zombies __knowledge__ It was first published in April 2009 by Quirk Books and in October 2009 a Deluxe Edition was released, containing full-color images and additional zombie scenes.", "Pride and Prejudice and Zombies __knowledge__ The novel was adapted into a 2016 film starring Lily James and Sam Riley.", "Pride and Prejudice and Zombies __knowledge__ Quirk Books editor, Jason Rekulak, developed the idea for \"Pride and Prejudice and Zombies\" after comparing a list of \"popular fanboy characters like ninjas, pirates, zombies, and monkeys\" with a list of public domain book titles such as \"War and Peace\", \"Crime and Punishment\", and \"Wuthering Heights\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (; 16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century literary realism.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her use of biting irony, along with her realism and social commentary, have earned her acclaim among critics and scholars.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ With the publications of \"Sense and Sensibility\" (1811), \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813), \"Mansfield Park\" (1814) and \"Emma\" (1816), she achieved success as a published writer.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ She wrote two additional novels, \"Northanger Abbey\" and \"Persuasion\", both published posthumously in 1818, and began another, eventually titled \"Sanditon\", but died before its completion.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ She also left behind three volumes of juvenile writings in manuscript and another unfinished novel, The Watsons.", "Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her six full-length novels have rarely been out of print, although they were published anonymously and brought her moderate success and little fame during her lifetime.", "Imran series characters __knowledge__ Following important fictional characters appear in the Urdu spy novels of \"Imran Series\" originally written by the Pakistani author Ibn-e-Safi and later continued by Mazhar Kaleem .", "Imran series characters __knowledge__ Secret Service was originally created by Ibne Safi and improved by Mazhar Kaleem.", "Imran series characters __knowledge__ Mazhar Kaleem named Secret Service as Pakishia Secret Service.", "Imran series characters __knowledge__ Ibne Safi did not use the name of a country for his stories.", "Imran series characters __knowledge__ Ali Imran is a pivotal character in Imran Series.", "Imran series characters __knowledge__ Handsome and bright, the young-man holds M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees from Oxon and has extraordinary sex appeal.", "Imran series characters __knowledge__ He appears comical and moronic, using these features to camouflage himself as a buffoon.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ On March 21, 1890, at a conference dedicated to the during the last civil war, Miguel de Unamuno delivered a lecture titled \"La última guerra carlista como materia poética\".", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ It was probably the first ever attempt to examine the Carlist motive in literature, as for the previous 57 years the subject had been increasingly present in poetry, drama and novel.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ However, it remains paradoxical that when Unamuno was offering his analysis, the period of great Carlist role in letters was just about to begin.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ It lasted for some quarter of a century, as until the late 1910s Carlism remained a key theme of numerous monumental works of Spanish literature.", "Ewelina Hańska __knowledge__ Eveline Hańska (Ewelina, née Rzewuska, 6 January c. 1805 – 11 April 1882) was a Polish noblewoman best known for her marriage to French novelist Honoré de Balzac.", "Ewelina Hańska __knowledge__ Born at the Wierzchownia estate in Volhynia, (now Ukraine) Hańska married landowner Wacław Hański (Wenceslas Hanski) when she was a teenager.", "Ewelina Hańska __knowledge__ Hański, who was about 20 years her senior, suffered from depression.", "Ewelina Hańska __knowledge__ They had five children, but only a daughter, Anna, survived.", "Ewelina Hańska __knowledge__ In the late 1820s, Hańska began reading Balzac's novels, and in 1832, she sent him an anonymous letter.", "Ewelina Hańska __knowledge__ This began a decades-long correspondence in which Hańska and Balzac expressed a deep mutual affection.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ The romance novel or romantic novel discussed in this article is the mass-market literary genre.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Novels of this type of genre fiction place their primary focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and must have an \"emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending.\"", "Romance novel __knowledge__ There are many subgenres of the romance novel including fantasy, historical romance, paranormal fiction, and science fiction.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined the literary fiction form of romance as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\".", "Romance novel __knowledge__ A thriving genre of works conventionally referred to as \"romance novels\" existed in ancient Greece.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "B. Traven __knowledge__ B. Traven (Bruno Traven in some accounts) was the pen name of a presumably German novelist, whose real name, nationality, date and place of birth and details of biography are all subject to dispute.", "B. Traven __knowledge__ One of the few certainties about Traven's life is that he lived for years in Mexico, where the majority of his fiction is also set—including \"The Treasure of the Sierra Madre\" (1927), which was adapted for the Academy Award winning film of the same name in 1948.", "B. Traven __knowledge__ Virtually every detail of Traven's life has been disputed and hotly debated.", "B. Traven __knowledge__ There were many hypotheses on the true identity of B. Traven, some of them wildly fantastic.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos (, \"Zákynthos\" , ) or Zante (, \"Tzánte\" , ; from Venetian), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region, and its only municipality.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It covers an area of and its coastline is roughly in length.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ In Greek mythology the island was said to be named after Zakynthos, the son of a legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a tourist destination, with an international airport served by charter flights from northern Europe.", "Sense and Sensibility __knowledge__ Sense and Sensibility is a novel by Jane Austen, published in 1811.", "Sense and Sensibility __knowledge__ It was published anonymously; \"By A Lady\" appears on the title page where the author's name might have been.", "Sense and Sensibility __knowledge__ It tells the story of the Dashwood sisters, Elinor (age 19) and Marianne (age 16 1/2) as they come of age.", "Sense and Sensibility __knowledge__ They have an older, stingy half-brother, John, and a younger sister, Margaret, 13.", "Sense and Sensibility __knowledge__ The novel follows the three Dashwood sisters as they move with their widowed mother from the estate on which they grew up, Norland Park, to their new home, Barton Cottage.", "Sense and Sensibility __knowledge__ The four women must move to a meagre cottage on the property of a distant relative, where they experience love, romance, and heartbreak.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ Sense and Sensibility is a 1995 American period drama film directed by Ang Lee and based on Jane Austen's 1811 novel of the same name.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ Actress Emma Thompson wrote the script and stars as Elinor Dashwood, while Kate Winslet plays Elinor's younger sister Marianne.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ The story follows the Dashwood sisters, members of a wealthy English family of landed gentry, as they must deal with circumstances of sudden destitution.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ They are forced to seek financial security through marriage.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ Actors Hugh Grant and Alan Rickman play their respective suitors.", "Sense and Sensibility (film) __knowledge__ The film was released on December 13, 1995, in the United States.", "Sense and Sensibility (2008 miniseries) __knowledge__ Sense and Sensibility is a 2008 British television drama adaptation of Jane Austen's 1811 novel \"Sense and Sensibility\".", "Sense and Sensibility (2008 miniseries) __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Andrew Davies, who revealed that the aim of the series was to make viewers forget Ang Lee's 1995 film \"Sense and Sensibility\".", "Sense and Sensibility (2008 miniseries) __knowledge__ The series was \"more overtly sexual\" than previous Austen adaptations, and Davies included scenes featuring a seduction and a duel that were absent from the feature film.", "Sense and Sensibility (2008 miniseries) __knowledge__ \"Sense and Sensibility\" was directed by John Alexander and produced by Anne Pivcevic.", "Sense and Sensibility (2008 miniseries) __knowledge__ Hattie Morahan and Charity Wakefield star as Elinor and Marianne Dashwood, two sisters who go on \"a voyage of burgeoning sexual and romantic discovery\".", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ The reception history of Jane Austen follows a path from modest fame to wild popularity.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (1775–1817), the author of such works as \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813) and \"Emma\" (1815), has become one of the best-known and most widely read novelists in the English language.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her novels are the subject of intense scholarly study and the centre of a diverse fan culture.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ During her lifetime, Austen's novels brought her little personal fame.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Like many women writers, she chose to publish anonymously, but her authorship was an open secret.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ At the time they were published, Austen's works were considered fashionable but received only a few reviews, albeit positive.", "Styles and themes of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen's (1775–1817) distinctive literary style relies on a combination of parody, burlesque, irony, free indirect speech and a degree of realism.", "Styles and themes of Jane Austen __knowledge__ She uses parody and burlesque for comic effect and to critique the portrayal of women in 18th-century sentimental and gothic novels.", "Styles and themes of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Austen extends her critique by highlighting social hypocrisy through irony; she often creates an ironic tone through free indirect speech in which the thoughts and words of the characters mix with the voice of the narrator.", "Styles and themes of Jane Austen __knowledge__ The degree to which critics believe Austen's characters have psychological depth informs their views regarding her realism.", "British literature __knowledge__ British literature is literature in the English language from the United Kingdom, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands.", "British literature __knowledge__ Anglo-Saxon (Old English) literature is included, and there is some discussion of Latin and Anglo-Norman literature, where literature in these languages relate to the early development of the English language and literature.", "British literature __knowledge__ There is also some brief discussion of major figures who wrote in Scots, but the main discussion is in the various Scottish literature articles.", "British literature __knowledge__ The article Literature in the other languages of Britain focusses on the literatures written in the other languages that are, and have been, used in Britain." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 5, 2 ]

[ "Yes, you should check her novels out. I've read all six of them. They provide great insight into the British landed gentry.", "My favorite book of hers is Pride and Prejudice. It was published in 1813.", "Her first book was published in 1811 and it's called Sense and Sensibility.", "She has done six, and they mostly talk about how women depend on marriage for economic security, and stuff like that." ]

[ "Jane Austen", "Jane Austen", "Jane Austen", "Jane Austen" ]

[ "Night owl (person)", "Oh, is there any problem?", "Night shift jobs are very challenging. It also causes some disease in future.", "You could try for any yoga and meditation to attain sleeps regularly in night." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It is an important but usually minor constituent of water.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ A hydroxide attached to a strongly electropositive center may itself ionize, liberating a hydrogen cation (H), making the parent compound an acid.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ There is also a four-episode OVA sequel.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ \"Anime Midstream\", Inc. announced in December, 2008, that it acquired the license for and planned to release the anime series Matchless Raijin-Oh in the U.S. sometime in 2009 as their first anime release.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The company began selling the first volume of the series direct from their website, as well as several other online retailers as of late December, 2009.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The first volume contained episodes 1-5.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The second volume, containing episodes 6-10, was released in September 2010, and translated the title beginning with this volume (and current printings of the first volume are now also marketed under that title).", "David Oh __knowledge__ David H. Oh is a member of the City Council of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was elected in November 2011 and re-elected in November 2015, and was the first Asian-American elected to public office in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He is the only U.S. military veteran currently serving on the city council.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was born in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He has lived on the same block in Southwest Philadelphia since 1963.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh's father, the late Rev.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Ki Hang Oh, founded Philadelphia’s first Korean-American church in 1953 and served as its Pastor until his death in 2006.", "David Oh __knowledge__ In 1958, Oh’s cousin, In Ho Oh, a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania, was murdered by a group of teenage boys while mailing a letter to his parents.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Two anime adaptations were produced; one by Toei Animation, which aired from April 4, 1998 to October 10, 1998, and another produced by NAS and animated by Studio Gallop titled \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Duel Monsters\", which aired between April 2000 and September 2004.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ The manga series has spawned a franchise that includes multiple spin-off manga and anime series, a trading card game, and numerous video games.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Most of the incarnations of the franchise involve the fictional trading card game known as \"Duel Monsters\", where each player uses cards to \"duel\" each other in a mock battle of fantasy \"monsters\".", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ This forms the basis for the real life \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ Sadaharu Oh (Japanese: , \"Ō Sadaharu\"; born May 20, 1940), also known as Wang Chen-chih (), is a retired Japanese–Chinese baseball player and manager who played 22 seasons for the Yomiuri Giants in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) from 1959 to 1980.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ Oh holds the world lifetime home run record, having hit 868 home runs during his professional career.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ He established many NPB batting records, including runs batted in (RBIs) (2,170), slugging percentage (.634), bases on balls (2,390), and on-base plus slugging (OPS) (1.080).", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ In 1977, Sadaharu Oh became the first recipient of the People's Honour Award.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ The Night Owl was a passenger train operated by Amtrak on the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C., and Boston, Massachusetts, via New York City.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ It operated from 1972 to 1995 on an overnight schedule with sleeper service; it was the only such train on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ In 1995 Amtrak dropped most individual train names from its Northeast Corridor services and the \"Night Owl\" became another \"NortheastDirect\" service, but still on an overnight schedule.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ Amtrak replaced it with the \"Twilight Shoreliner\" in 1997.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ At first Amtrak did not feature overnight service on the Northeast Corridor.", "On a Night Like This __knowledge__ \"On a Night Like This\" is a 2000 song recorded by Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue.", "On a Night Like This __knowledge__ It was released on 11 September 2000 by Parlophone as the second single for her seventh studio album, \"Light Years\" (2000), and distributed in various formats.", "On a Night Like This __knowledge__ The track was originally written for Swedish singer Pandora by Steve Torch, Brian Rawling, Graham Stack, and Mark Taylor, while production was handled by the latter two; for unknown reasons, it was handed to Minogue to record.", "On a Night Like This __knowledge__ Musically, \"On a Night Like This\" is a dance song that incorporates elements of europop.", "On a Night Like This __knowledge__ Its lyrical content delves on experiencing unique experiences during the night.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" is a song written by James Taylor that was originally released as a single by Taylor's band the Flying Machine, which also included Danny Kortchmar in 1967.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Taylor later rerecorded a solo version of the song for his Apple Records debut album \"James Taylor\" in 1968.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Subsequently, the Flying Machine version was released on the album \"James Taylor and the Original Flying Machine\".", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ It has also been covered by such artists as Alex Taylor, Carly Simon and Anne Murray.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" was inspired by the Night Owl Cafe in Greenwich Village in New York City, where the Flying Machine often performed.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ The 1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision was a collision between an Amtrak passenger train, the \"Night Owl\", and a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Stoughton Line commuter train just outside Back Bay station in Boston, Massachusetts.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ An investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that the Amtrak train entered a speed-restricted curve at excessive speed, causing the train to derail and crash into the MBTA commuter train on an adjoining track.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ Although no one was killed in the accident, 453 people were injured and Back Bay station was closed for six days.", "Sleep __knowledge__ Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles, and reduced interactions with surroundings.", "Sleep __knowledge__ It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli, but is more easily reversed than the state of being comatose.", "Sleep __knowledge__ Sleep occurs in repeating periods, in which the body alternates between two distinct modes known as non-REM and REM sleep.", "Sleep __knowledge__ Although REM stands for \"rapid eye movement\", this mode of sleep has many other aspects, including virtual paralysis of the body." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder.", "Tick-Tock __knowledge__ Tick-Tock is a fictional character, a mutant appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Tick-Tock __knowledge__ Tick-Tock's first appearance was in \"Spider-Woman #50\" (June 1983), and he was created by Ann Nocenti and Brian Postman.", "Tick-Tock __knowledge__ The character subsequently appears in \"Captain America\" #330-331 (June-July 1987), \"Solo Avengers\" #3 (February 1988), \"West Coast Avengers\" #40 (January 1989), and \"Avengers West Coast\" #76-79 (November 1991-February 1992).", "Tick-Tock __knowledge__ Tick-Tock appeared as part of the \"Night Shift\" entry in the \"Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Update '89\" #5.", "Tick-Tock __knowledge__ Tick-Tock assisted the Locksmith in capturing various super-heroes and villains in San Francisco and keeping them in Locksmith's prisons.", "Shift work __knowledge__ Shift work is an employment practice designed to make use of, or provide service across, all 24 hours of the clock each day of the week (often abbreviated as \"24/7\").", "Shift work __knowledge__ The practice typically sees the day divided into shifts, set periods of time during which different groups of workers perform their duties.", "Shift work __knowledge__ The term \"shift work\" includes both long-term night shifts and work schedules in which employees change or rotate shifts.", "Shift work __knowledge__ In medicine and epidemiology, shift work is considered a risk factor for some health problems in some individuals, as disruption to circadian rhythms may increase the probability of developing cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, diabetes, and obesity, among other conditions.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ The shift plan, rota or roster (esp.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ British) is the central component of a shift schedule in shift work.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ The schedule includes considerations of shift overlap, shift change times and alignment with the clock, vacation, training, shift differentials, holidays, etc.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ The shift plan determines the sequence of work (W) and free (F) days within a shift system.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ A notation used often identifies day (D), swing (S) and night (N) shifts for the W days and O (off) for rest days.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ Note that a worker transitioning from N to O works for the first six or seven hours of the first day \"off\".", "Shift plan __knowledge__ Thus, when days off follow night shifts, the first one or more days \"off\" are, in fact, days of recovery from lack of nighttime sleep.", "General Hospital: Night Shift __knowledge__ General Hospital: Night Shift is an American prime time serial that first aired on Soapnet for a 13-episode run from July 12, 2007 to October 4, 2007.", "General Hospital: Night Shift __knowledge__ A spin-off of the ABC Daytime soap opera \"General Hospital\", the show is SOAPnet's first original scripted drama series and follows the nighttime adventures of familiar and new characters around the hospital.", "General Hospital: Night Shift __knowledge__ As of March 2008, the first season of the series was \"SOAPnet's most watched series ever,\" with ABC Daytime and SOAPnet President Brian Frons noting that \"Night Shift\" drew more than 1 million new viewers to the channel during its first season.", "The Night Shift (TV series) __knowledge__ The Night Shift is an American medical drama series that ran from May 27, 2014 to August 31, 2017 for four seasons and 45 episodes, on NBC.", "The Night Shift (TV series) __knowledge__ The series was created by Gabe Sachs and Jeff Judah, and follows the lives of the staff who work the late night shift in the emergency room at San Antonio Memorial Hospital.", "The Night Shift (TV series) __knowledge__ On November 17, 2016, NBC renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on June 22, 2017.", "The Night Shift (TV series) __knowledge__ On October 13, 2017, NBC canceled the series after four seasons.", "The Night Shift (TV series) __knowledge__ The series follows the overnight shift at San Antonio Memorial Hospital, where three of the doctors have a connection to the U.S. military.", "The Night Shift (concert) __knowledge__ The Night Shift is the name given to a series of concerts run by the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment.", "The Night Shift (concert) __knowledge__ As a Resident Orchestra at the Southbank Centre, the first Night Shift took place on 22 May 2006 at the Queen Elizabeth Hall.", "The Night Shift (concert) __knowledge__ Since then there have been fifteen further concerts at venues including the Queen Elizabeth Hall, Royal Festival Hall, The Roundhouse and the Corn Exchange, Brighton Dome.", "The Night Shift (concert) __knowledge__ The Night Shift aims to \"present classical music in a new way to attract an audience that rarely or never attends classical music\".", "The Night Shift (concert) __knowledge__ It is characterised by its lack of formalities traditionally associated with classical music and key features include the following: Ticket prices are kept low, typically £8 in advance, £12 on the door and £4 for students.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The effects of global warming include its gayon human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This article describes some of those effects on individuals and populations.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ A good example of the impact of global warming on health can be seen in the disease Erythromelalgia.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This is a vascular disease that is commonly triggered by the involvement of change in temperature, which leads to syndromes including (first and second degree) burning pain, increased temperature, erythema and swelling, of mainly the hands and feet that are affected.", "Delayed sleep phase disorder __knowledge__ Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), more often known as delayed sleep phase syndrome and also as delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, is a chronic dysregulation of a person's circadian rhythm (biological clock), compared to the general population and relative to societal norms.", "Delayed sleep phase disorder __knowledge__ The disorder affects the timing of sleep, peak period of alertness, the core body temperature rhythm, and hormonal and other daily cycles.", "Delayed sleep phase disorder __knowledge__ People with DSPD generally fall asleep some hours after midnight and have difficulty waking up in the morning.", "Delayed sleep phase disorder __knowledge__ People with DSPD probably have a circadian period significantly longer than 24 hours.", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ Sally M. Walker (born October 16, 1954) is an American writer of nonfiction for children.", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ She is best known for writing about scientific subject matter such as Fossil Fish Found Alive: Discovering the Coelacanth (2005) or Written in Bone: Buried Lives of Jamestown and Colonial Maryland (2009).", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ Additionally Walker is known for books written in both Spanish and English (bilingual books) as seen in La Luz/Light (2007) and La Electricidad/Electricity (2007).", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ She is also known as Sally Fleming, Sally MacArt Walker, and Sally Macart Walker.", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ She was born in East Orange, New Jersey, in 1954 and now lives in DeKalb, Illinois.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Shift work sleep disorder __knowledge__ Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia and excessive sleepiness affecting people whose work hours overlap with the typical sleep period.", "Shift work sleep disorder __knowledge__ There are numerous shift work schedules, and they may be permanent, intermittent, or rotating; consequently, the manifestations of SWSD are quite variable.", "Shift work sleep disorder __knowledge__ The primary symptoms of shift work sleep disorder are insomnia and excessive sleepiness associated with working (and sleeping) at non-standard times.", "Shift work sleep disorder __knowledge__ Shift work sleep disorder is also associated with falling asleep at work.", "Shift work sleep disorder __knowledge__ Total daily sleep time is usually shortened and sleep quality is less in those who work night shifts compared to those who work day shifts.", "Sleep inversion __knowledge__ Sleep inversion or sleep-wake inversion is a reversal of sleeping tendencies.", "Sleep inversion __knowledge__ Individuals experiencing sleep-wake inversion exchange diurnal habits for nocturnal habits, meaning they are active at night and sleep during the day.", "Sleep inversion __knowledge__ Sleep-wake inversion, when involuntary, can be a sign of a serious disorder.", "Sleep inversion __knowledge__ Circadian rhythm sleep disorder involves an alteration of an individual's circadian system or a mismatch between a person's natural, or endogenous, circadian system and the external, or exogenous, demands placed on it.", "Sleep inversion __knowledge__ It can lead to insomnia at certain times of the day or excessive sleepiness throughout the day." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation can be defined as a practice where an individual focuses his or her mind on a particular object, thought or activity to achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation may be used to reduce stress, anxiety, depression, and pain.", "Meditation __knowledge__ It may be done while sitting, repeating a mantra, and closing the eyes in a quiet environment.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation has been practiced since antiquity in numerous religious traditions and beliefs.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Since the 19th century, it has spread from its Asian origins to Western cultures where it is commonly practiced in private and business life.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation is under psychological, neurological, and cardiovascular research to define its possible health effects.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Private timber reserve (Tasmania) __knowledge__ A private timber reserve is an area of privately owned land, used or intended to be used, for growing timber within the Australian state of Tasmania.", "Private timber reserve (Tasmania) __knowledge__ Landowners can have their land declared as a Private Timber Reserve and protect their right to use private land to grow timber.", "Private timber reserve (Tasmania) __knowledge__ Private land or freehold land refers to land registered under Torrens title.", "Private timber reserve (Tasmania) __knowledge__ A landowner is the person(s) and/or legal entity registered on the Torrens Title.", "Private timber reserve (Tasmania) __knowledge__ Private Timber Reserves are unique, with no other State in Australia, or internationally, providing the land owner with protection of their rights to use their planted land, land they intend to plant or native forests areas, to grow timber.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The Yoga Yajnavalkya (, \"Yoga-Yājñavalkya\") is a classical Hindu yoga text in the Sanskrit language.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text is written in the form of a male-female dialogue between the sage Yajnavalkya and Gargi.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text consists of 12 chapters and contains 504 verses.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ Like Patanjali's \"Yogasutras\", the \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" describes the eight components of yoga; however, it has different goals.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text contains additional material that is not found in \"Yogasutras\", such as the concept of \"kundalini\".", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" contains one of the most comprehensive discussion of yoga components such as the \"Pranayama\", \"Pratyahara\" \"Dhyana\", and \"Dharana\".", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Shift work __knowledge__ Shift work is an employment practice designed to make use of, or provide service across, all 24 hours of the clock each day of the week (often abbreviated as \"24/7\").", "Shift work __knowledge__ The practice typically sees the day divided into shifts, set periods of time during which different groups of workers perform their duties.", "Shift work __knowledge__ The term \"shift work\" includes both long-term night shifts and work schedules in which employees change or rotate shifts.", "Shift work __knowledge__ In medicine and epidemiology, shift work is considered a risk factor for some health problems in some individuals, as disruption to circadian rhythms may increase the probability of developing cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, diabetes, and obesity, among other conditions.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ The shift plan, rota or roster (esp.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ British) is the central component of a shift schedule in shift work.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ The schedule includes considerations of shift overlap, shift change times and alignment with the clock, vacation, training, shift differentials, holidays, etc.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ The shift plan determines the sequence of work (W) and free (F) days within a shift system.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ A notation used often identifies day (D), swing (S) and night (N) shifts for the W days and O (off) for rest days.", "Shift plan __knowledge__ Note that a worker transitioning from N to O works for the first six or seven hours of the first day \"off\".", "Shift plan __knowledge__ Thus, when days off follow night shifts, the first one or more days \"off\" are, in fact, days of recovery from lack of nighttime sleep.", "Shift work sleep disorder __knowledge__ Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia and excessive sleepiness affecting people whose work hours overlap with the typical sleep period.", "Shift work sleep disorder __knowledge__ There are numerous shift work schedules, and they may be permanent, intermittent, or rotating; consequently, the manifestations of SWSD are quite variable.", "Shift work sleep disorder __knowledge__ The primary symptoms of shift work sleep disorder are insomnia and excessive sleepiness associated with working (and sleeping) at non-standard times.", "Shift work sleep disorder __knowledge__ Shift work sleep disorder is also associated with falling asleep at work.", "Shift work sleep disorder __knowledge__ Total daily sleep time is usually shortened and sleep quality is less in those who work night shifts compared to those who work day shifts.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Sleep inversion __knowledge__ Sleep inversion or sleep-wake inversion is a reversal of sleeping tendencies.", "Sleep inversion __knowledge__ Individuals experiencing sleep-wake inversion exchange diurnal habits for nocturnal habits, meaning they are active at night and sleep during the day.", "Sleep inversion __knowledge__ Sleep-wake inversion, when involuntary, can be a sign of a serious disorder.", "Sleep inversion __knowledge__ Circadian rhythm sleep disorder involves an alteration of an individual's circadian system or a mismatch between a person's natural, or endogenous, circadian system and the external, or exogenous, demands placed on it.", "Sleep inversion __knowledge__ It can lead to insomnia at certain times of the day or excessive sleepiness throughout the day.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The 2010 \"Tonight Show\" conflict was a media and public relations conflict involving American television network NBC and two of its then-late-night talk show hosts, Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ Leno, the host of long-running franchise \"The Tonight Show\" since 1992, and O'Brien, host of \"Late Night\" since 1993, were strong ratings leaders for the network for much of the decade.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ When O'Brien's contract neared its end and he was courted by other networks in 2001, NBC extended his contract and essentially guaranteed him he would be the fifth host of \"The Tonight Show\".", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The network neglected to let Leno know this until his contract extension in 2004, when they informed him he would remain host for five more years and then transition the show to O'Brien in 2009.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\"." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 19, 18 ]

[ "I can never sleep, so I find myself staying up late at night like a night owl.", "No, just all my life I have never found myself being an early bird. I hate to wake up in the morning, so I get night shift jobs, and sleep the day away.", "Yeah and shift work doesn't pay that well either. But I have a long term night job, so it works out. Hopefully I can stay healthy.", "Meditation might work. It probably does have to do with high levels of stress and anxiety. I could use a calming ritual." ]

[ "Night owl (person)", "Night owl (person)", "Night owl (person)", "Night owl (person)" ]

[ "Colorado\nI am from Colorado. It is such a lovely place to be. Have you ever been there?", "We like to hike a lot. I just feel so much better when I'm outdoors. We have a lot of kids, so we take the easier trails that they can handle, too. ", "No, we wouldn't go anywhere that is dangerous. We once went somewhere where they were climbing the rocks, and it got me very stressed. The mountains are just so beautiful. There is nothing like them. ", "Wow, I didn't know that. Is it a very nice river? It must look so nice against the backdrop of the mountains. ", "Wow, that is very long. I bet there are a lot of people who go swimming or take a boat in it. That would be so much fun. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado () is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The estimated population of Colorado was 5,540,545 on July 1, 2016, an increase of 10.17% since the 2010 United States Census.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the \"Río Colorado\" for the silt the river carried from the mountains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state a century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands.", "Verosvres __knowledge__ Verosvres is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France.", "Verosvres __knowledge__ The name Verosvres is derived from the Gallic word \"Verobriga\", \"vero\" meaning \"true\" or \"good\" and \"briga\" meaning \"fortress\": thus giving \"Good castle\".", "Verosvres __knowledge__ In 1920, the town of Verosvres formed \"an agglomeration of about eighty houses, including one for the post office and telegraph.\"", "Verosvres __knowledge__ The town was then served by a railway line, now defunct, which connected Paray-le-Monial to Mâcon, and stopped at a station called \"Les Terreaux — Verosvres\".", "A Bold Stroke for a Wife __knowledge__ A Bold Stroke for a Wife is Susanna Centlivre's 18th-century satirical English play first performed in 1718.", "A Bold Stroke for a Wife __knowledge__ The plot expresses the author's unabashed support of the British Whig Party: she criticises the Tories, religious hypocrisy, and the greed of capitalism.", "A Bold Stroke for a Wife __knowledge__ Set in 18th-century England, the play tells the story of a military officer who wants to marry a young woman.", "A Bold Stroke for a Wife __knowledge__ His obstacles are the four guardians who watch over Anne Lovely.", "A Bold Stroke for a Wife __knowledge__ Each of the four has his own idea of the ideal husband.", "A Bold Stroke for a Wife __knowledge__ The catch is that each is disagreeable in his own way, and they can't possibly see eye to eye on a man for Anne.", "Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film) __knowledge__ Bodyguard is a 2011 Indian action romantic comedy film co written and directed by Siddique.", "Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film) __knowledge__ It is a remake of the director's own 2010 Malayalam film of the same name starring Dileep and Nayantara.", "Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film) __knowledge__ The film was produced by Atul Agnihotri and Alvira Khan Agnihotri it featured Salman Khan and Kareena Kapoor in the lead roles, with Aditya Pancholi in a special appearance and Karisma Kapoor in a voice role.", "Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film) __knowledge__ It also stars Raj Babbar, Mahesh Manjrekar and Hazel Keech in supporting roles.", "Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film) __knowledge__ The film's first look and theatrical trailer was unveiled on 21 July 2011.", "Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film) __knowledge__ \"Bodyguard\" was released in 3250 theatres worldwide.", "English grammar __knowledge__ English grammar is the way in which meanings are encoded into wordings in the English language.", "English grammar __knowledge__ This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences, right up to the structure of whole texts.", "English grammar __knowledge__ There are historical, social, cultural and regional variations of English.", "English grammar __knowledge__ Divergences from the grammar described here occur in some dialects of English.", "English grammar __knowledge__ This article describes a generalized present-day Standard English, the form of speech and writing found in types of public discourse including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news including both formal and informal speech.", "Wadsworth Mansion at Long Hill __knowledge__ The Wadsworth Mansion at Long Hill Estate is located at 421 Wadsworth Street in Middletown, Connecticut.", "Wadsworth Mansion at Long Hill __knowledge__ It is a classical revival house situated on wooded area.", "Wadsworth Mansion at Long Hill __knowledge__ It is currently owned by the City of Middletown and is operated by the Long Hill Estate Authority.", "Wadsworth Mansion at Long Hill __knowledge__ The mansion is the centerpiece of the Wadsworth Estate Historic District of , which includes the mansion's associated outbuildings, the Middletown portion of Wadsworth Falls State Park, the Nehemiah Hubbard House, and several barns and farmhouses along Laurel Grove Road.", "Wadsworth Mansion at Long Hill __knowledge__ From its formal classical nucleus to the naturalized wilderness of its forest, literally every square foot of the estate was shaped by the ideas of Colonel Clarence S. Wadsworth and his architects.", "Scott Long __knowledge__ Scott Long (born June 5, 1963 in Radford, Virginia) is a US-born activist for international human rights, primarily focusing on the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people.", "Scott Long __knowledge__ He founded the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights Program at Human Rights Watch, the first-ever program on LGBT rights at a major \"mainstream\" human rights organization, and served as its executive director from May 2004 - August 2010.", "Scott Long __knowledge__ He later was a Visiting Fellow in the Human Rights Program of Harvard Law School from 2011 - 2012.", "Scott Long __knowledge__ Long has investigated and advocated against human rights abuses in countries including Albania, Egypt, Jamaica, Iraq, Romania, Russia, South Africa, the United States, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.", "Lalgarh jattan __knowledge__ Lalgarh jattan is a big and well developed village.", "Lalgarh jattan __knowledge__ comes under district Sri ganganagar and state Rajasthan .and neighbor district is Hanumangarh.", "Lalgarh jattan __knowledge__ The population of this village is Highest in the whole district Sri ganganagar.", "Lalgarh jattan __knowledge__ According to 2010 Total population calculation is twenty three thousand(23000).", "Lalgarh jattan __knowledge__ and total number of home is twenty three hundred eighty(2380).", "Lalgarh jattan __knowledge__ According to election 2010 total vote calculation is eight thousand five hundred (8500)most well known is that total female population is twenty three hundred(2300) Lalgarh jattan is a big village in Sri ganganagar.", "Lalgarh jattan __knowledge__ district of Rajasthan.it's established about two hundred years ago.It is said that a soldier lalkhan lived here.A pond was here in the North and the East direction.A large wall was all around the pond.the people called it fort.The soldier was very kind for this village.According to villagers once upon a time robbers came here.The soldier drove them out very hardly and after that he died.on that time they called him \"jujhar sing\".On his memory a temple was built on his name." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado () is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The estimated population of Colorado was 5,540,545 on July 1, 2016, an increase of 10.17% since the 2010 United States Census.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the \"Río Colorado\" for the silt the river carried from the mountains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state a century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from Happy Tree Friends.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ There are 27 main characters, and some other supporting characters.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the series in 2010, the creators of the show announced that there would be one more character added to Happy Tree Friends in the near future.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The candidates were a sheep/lamb named Lammy and a pig named Truffles.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The voting took place during the month of March 2010, and the winner was Lammy, who have featured in most of the latest episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Even though Truffles lost the vote, he still cameos in some episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Cuddles is a laser yellow male rabbit with pink cheeks, or a blush along with pink bunny slippers.", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ Mount Katahdin (pronounced , \"\") is the highest mountain in the U.S. state of Maine at .", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ Named Katahdin by the Penobscot Indians, which means \"The Greatest Mountain\", the mountain is located within Northeast Piscataquis, Piscataquis County, and is the centerpiece of Baxter State Park.", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ It is a steep, tall mountain formed from a granite intrusion weathered to the surface.", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ The flora and fauna on the mountain are typical of those found in northern New England.", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ Katahdin was known to the Native Americans in the region, and was known to Europeans at least since 1689.", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ It has inspired hikes, climbs, journal narratives, paintings, and a piano sonata.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Toro Negro State Forest (Spanish: \"Bosque Estatal de Toro Negro\") is one of the 21 forests that make up the public forests system in Puerto Rico.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ It is also Puerto Rico's highest cloud forest.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ It is located in the Cordillera Central region of the island and covers , of mountains.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Toro Negro's mountains have heights reaching up to and include Cerro de Punta, Cerro Jayuya and Cerro Rosa, the three highest peaks in the island.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Nested among these mountains is Lake Guineo, the island's highest lake.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ The forest has of trails, an observation tower, two natural swimming pools (Spanish:\"\"charcos\"\"), camping and picnic areas, nine rivers, and numerous creeks and waterfalls.", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The ecology of the Rocky Mountains is diverse due to the effects of a variety of environmental factors.", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains are the major mountain range in western North America, running from the far north of British Columbia in Canada to New Mexico in the southwestern United States, climbing from the Great Plains at or below to peaks of over .", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ Temperature and rainfall varies greatly also and thus the Rockies are home to a mixture of habitats including the alpine, subalpine and boreal habitats of the Northern Rocky Mountains in British Columbia and Alberta, the coniferous forests of Montana and Idaho, the wetlands and prairie where the Rockies meet the plains, a different mix of conifers on the Yellowstone Plateau in Wyoming and in the high Rockies of Colorado and New Mexico, and finally the alpine tundra of the highest elevations.", "Southern Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Southern Rocky Mountains are a major subregion of the Rocky Mountains of North America located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Wyoming, the central and western portions of Colorado, the northern portion of New Mexico, and extreme eastern portions of Utah.", "Southern Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Southern Rocky Mountains are also commonly known as the Southern Rockies, and since the highest peaks are located in the State of Colorado, they are sometimes known as the Colorado Rockies, although many important ranges and peaks rise in the other three states.", "Southern Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Southern Rockies include the highest mountain ranges of the Rocky Mountains and include all 30 of the highest major peaks of the Rockies.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains, commonly known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains stretch more than from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ Within the North American Cordillera, the Rockies are somewhat distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada, which all lie further to the west.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains were initially formed from 80 million to 55 million years ago during the Laramide orogeny, in which a number of plates began to slide underneath the North American plate.", "Rocky Mountain Trench __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountain Trench, also known as The Valley of a Thousand Peaks or simply the Trench, is a large valley in the northern part of the Rocky Mountains.", "Rocky Mountain Trench __knowledge__ It is both visually and cartographically a striking physiographic feature extending approximately from Flathead Lake, Montana to the Liard River, just south of the British Columbia-Yukon border near Watson Lake, Yukon.", "Rocky Mountain Trench __knowledge__ The trench bottom is 3-16 km (2–10 miles) wide and ranges from 600-900 metres (2,000–3,000 feet) above sea level.", "Rocky Mountain Trench __knowledge__ The general orientation of the Trench is an almost uniform 150/330 degree geographic north vector and has become convenient for north/south aviators.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ The Colorado River is one of the principal rivers of the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Rio Grande).", "Colorado River __knowledge__ The river drains an expansive, arid watershed that encompasses parts of seven U.S. and two Mexican states.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ Starting in the central Rocky Mountains in the U.S., the river flows generally southwest across the Colorado Plateau and through the Grand Canyon before reaching Lake Mead on the Arizona–Nevada border, where it turns south toward the international border.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ After entering Mexico, the Colorado approaches the mostly dry Colorado River Delta at the tip of the Gulf of California between Baja California and Sonora." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado () is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The estimated population of Colorado was 5,540,545 on July 1, 2016, an increase of 10.17% since the 2010 United States Census.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the \"Río Colorado\" for the silt the river carried from the mountains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state a century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ The term mountaineering describes the sport of mountain climbing.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While some scholars identify mountaineering-related activities as climbing (rock and ice) and trekking up mountains, others are also adding backpacking, hiking, skiing, via ferrata and wilderness activities, and still others state that mountaineering activities also include indoor climbing, sport climbing and bouldering.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ However most of the scholars, the term mountaineering understand as a climbing (which now refers to adventure climbing or sports climbing) and trekking (hill walking in 'exotic' places).", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Hiking in the mountains can also be a simple form of mountaineering when it involves scrambling, or short stretches of the more basic grades of rock climbing, as well as crossing glaciers.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across its summit point.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The current official height of , recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m. There followed an argument between China and Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m., China) or the snow height (8,848 m., Nepal).", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Mount Adams, known by some Native American tribes as Pahto or Klickitat, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Although Adams has not erupted in more than 1,000 years, it is not considered extinct.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ It is the second-highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington, after Mount Rainier.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Adams is a member of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, and is one of the arc's largest volcanoes, located in a remote wilderness approximately east of Mount St. Helens.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The Mount Adams Wilderness consists of the upper and western part of the volcano's cone.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The eastern side of the mountain is designated as part of the territory of the Yakama Nation.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "South Pacific (musical) __knowledge__ South Pacific is a musical composed by Richard Rodgers, with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and book by Hammerstein and Joshua Logan.", "South Pacific (musical) __knowledge__ The work premiered in 1949 on Broadway and was an immediate hit, running for 1,925 performances.", "South Pacific (musical) __knowledge__ The plot is based on James A. Michener's Pulitzer Prize-winning 1947 book \"Tales of the South Pacific\" and combines elements of several of those stories.", "South Pacific (musical) __knowledge__ Rodgers and Hammerstein believed they could write a musical based on Michener's work that would be financially successful and, at the same time, send a strong progressive message on racism.", "South Pacific (musical) __knowledge__ The plot centers on an American nurse stationed on a South Pacific island during World War II, who falls in love with a middle-aged expatriate French plantation owner but struggles to accept his mixed-race children.", "Southern Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Southern Rocky Mountains are a major subregion of the Rocky Mountains of North America located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Wyoming, the central and western portions of Colorado, the northern portion of New Mexico, and extreme eastern portions of Utah.", "Southern Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Southern Rocky Mountains are also commonly known as the Southern Rockies, and since the highest peaks are located in the State of Colorado, they are sometimes known as the Colorado Rockies, although many important ranges and peaks rise in the other three states.", "Southern Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Southern Rockies include the highest mountain ranges of the Rocky Mountains and include all 30 of the highest major peaks of the Rockies.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains, commonly known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains stretch more than from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ Within the North American Cordillera, the Rockies are somewhat distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada, which all lie further to the west.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains were initially formed from 80 million to 55 million years ago during the Laramide orogeny, in which a number of plates began to slide underneath the North American plate.", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The ecology of the Rocky Mountains is diverse due to the effects of a variety of environmental factors.", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains are the major mountain range in western North America, running from the far north of British Columbia in Canada to New Mexico in the southwestern United States, climbing from the Great Plains at or below to peaks of over .", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ Temperature and rainfall varies greatly also and thus the Rockies are home to a mixture of habitats including the alpine, subalpine and boreal habitats of the Northern Rocky Mountains in British Columbia and Alberta, the coniferous forests of Montana and Idaho, the wetlands and prairie where the Rockies meet the plains, a different mix of conifers on the Yellowstone Plateau in Wyoming and in the high Rockies of Colorado and New Mexico, and finally the alpine tundra of the highest elevations.", "Canadian Rockies __knowledge__ The Canadian Rockies () comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains.", "Canadian Rockies __knowledge__ They are the eastern part of the Canadian Cordillera, which is a system of multiple ranges of mountains which runs from the Canadian Prairies to the Pacific Coast.", "Canadian Rockies __knowledge__ The Canadian Rockies mountain system comprises the southeastern part of this system, lying between the Interior Plains of Alberta and Northeastern British Columbia on the east to the Rocky Mountain Trench of BC on the west.", "Canadian Rockies __knowledge__ The southern end borders Idaho and Montana of the USA.", "Canadian Rockies __knowledge__ In geographic terms the boundary is at the Canada/US border, but in geological terms it might be considered to be at Marias Pass in northern Montana.", "Geology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The geology of the Rocky Mountains is that of a discontinuous series of mountain ranges with distinct geological origins.", "Geology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ Collectively these make up the Rocky Mountains, a mountain system that stretches from Northern British Columbia through central New Mexico and which is part of the great mountain system known as the North American Cordillera.", "Geology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The rocky cores of the mountain ranges are, in most places, formed of pieces of continental crust that are over one billion years old.", "Geology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ In the south, an older mountain range was formed 300 million years ago, then eroded away.", "Geology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The rocks of that older range were reformed into the Rocky Mountains.", "Banff National Park __knowledge__ Banff National Park () is Canada's oldest national park and was established in 1885.", "Banff National Park __knowledge__ Located in the Rocky Mountains, west of Calgary in the province of Alberta, Banff encompasses of mountainous terrain, with numerous glaciers and ice fields, dense coniferous forest, and alpine landscapes.", "Banff National Park __knowledge__ The Icefields Parkway extends from Lake Louise, connecting to Jasper National Park in the north.", "Banff National Park __knowledge__ Provincial forests and Yoho National Park are neighbours to the west, while Kootenay National Park is located to the south and Kananaskis Country to the southeast.", "Banff National Park __knowledge__ The main commercial centre of the park is the town of Banff, in the Bow River valley.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ The North American Cordillera is the North American portion of the American Cordillera which is a mountain chain (cordillera) along the western side of the Americas.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ The North American Cordillera covers an extensive area of mountain ranges, intermontane basins, and plateaus in western North America, including much of the territory west of the Great Plains.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ It is also sometimes called the Western Cordillera, the Western Cordillera of North America, or the Pacific Cordillera.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ The precise boundaries of this cordillera and its subregions, as well as the names of its various features, may differ depending on the definitions in each country or jurisdiction, and also depending on the scientific field; this cordillera is a particularly prominent subject in the scientific field of physical geography." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado () is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The estimated population of Colorado was 5,540,545 on July 1, 2016, an increase of 10.17% since the 2010 United States Census.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the \"Río Colorado\" for the silt the river carried from the mountains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state a century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice (, ; Niçard , classical norm, or \"\", nonstandard, ; ; ; ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes \"département\".", "Nice __knowledge__ The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of .", "Nice __knowledge__ Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Have a nice day is a commonly spoken expression used to conclude a conversation (whether brief or extensive), or end a message by hoping the person to whom it is addressed experiences a pleasant day.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Since it is often uttered by service employees to customers at the end of a transaction, particularly in Israel and the United States, its repetitious and dutiful usage has resulted in the phrase developing, according to some journalists and scholars, especially outside of these two countries, a cultural connotation of impersonality, lack of interest, passive–aggressive behavior, or sarcasm.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ The phrase is generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Provence __knowledge__ Provence (; ; Provençal: \"Provença\" in classical norm or \"Prouvènço\" in Mistralian norm, ) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône River to the west to the Italian border to the east, and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Provence __knowledge__ It largely corresponds with the modern administrative \"région\" of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, and includes the \"départements\" of Var, Bouches-du-Rhône, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and parts of Alpes-Maritimes and Vaucluse.", "Provence __knowledge__ The largest city of the region is Marseille.", "Provence __knowledge__ The Romans made the region into the first Roman province beyond the Alps and called it \"Provincia Romana\", which evolved into the present name.", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health in the United Kingdom, which publishes guidelines in four areas: These appraisals are based primarily on evaluations of efficacy and cost–effectiveness in various circumstances.", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ It serves both the English NHS and the Welsh NHS.", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ It was set up as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in 1999, and on 1 April 2005 joined with the Health Development Agency to become the new National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (still abbreviated as NICE).", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ Following the Health and Social Care Act 2012, NICE was renamed the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence on 1 April 2013 reflecting its new responsibilities for social care, and changed from a special health authority to an Executive Non-Departmental Public Body (ENDPB).", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ Keith Noel Emerson (2 November 1944 – 11 March 2016) was an English musician and composer.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ He played keyboards in a number of bands before finding his first commercial success with the Nice in the late 1960s.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ He became internationally famous for his work with the Nice, which included writing rock arrangements of classical music.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ After leaving the Nice in 1970, he was a founding member of Emerson, Lake & Palmer (ELP), one of the early progressive rock supergroups.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ Emerson, Lake & Palmer were commercially successful through much of the 1970s, becoming one of the best-known progressive rock groups of the era.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ The Colorado River is one of the principal rivers of the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Rio Grande).", "Colorado River __knowledge__ The river drains an expansive, arid watershed that encompasses parts of seven U.S. and two Mexican states.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ Starting in the central Rocky Mountains in the U.S., the river flows generally southwest across the Colorado Plateau and through the Grand Canyon before reaching Lake Mead on the Arizona–Nevada border, where it turns south toward the international border.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ After entering Mexico, the Colorado approaches the mostly dry Colorado River Delta at the tip of the Gulf of California between Baja California and Sonora.", "Glen Canyon Dam __knowledge__ Glen Canyon Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, United States, near the town of Page.", "Glen Canyon Dam __knowledge__ The high dam was built by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) from 1956 to 1966 and forms Lake Powell, one of the largest man-made reservoirs in the U.S. with a capacity of .", "Glen Canyon Dam __knowledge__ The dam is named for Glen Canyon, a series of deep sandstone gorges now flooded by the reservoir; Lake Powell is named for John Wesley Powell, who in 1869 led the first expedition to traverse the Colorado's Grand Canyon by boat.", "Glen Canyon Dam __knowledge__ A dam in Glen Canyon was studied as early as 1924, but these plans were initially dropped in favor of the Hoover Dam (completed in 1936) which was located in the Black Canyon.", "Western State Colorado University __knowledge__ Western State Colorado University, also known as Western, is a four-year public liberal arts college located in Gunnison, Colorado.", "Western State Colorado University __knowledge__ Approximately 2,400 undergraduate and 350 graduate students attend Western, with more than 30 percent coming from out of state.", "Western State Colorado University __knowledge__ Of the 23 undergraduate majors, the most popular are business administration, biology, exercise and sport science, recreation and outdoor education, and psychology.", "Western State Colorado University __knowledge__ Western also offers undergraduate programs in petroleum geology and energy management, both funded by donations through the Western State Colorado University Foundation.", "Western State Colorado University __knowledge__ Further, it offers graduate programs in environmental management, high altitude exercise physiology creative writing, education and gallery management.", "Steamboats of the Colorado River __knowledge__ Steamboats on the Colorado River operated from the river mouth at the Colorado River Delta on the Gulf of California in Mexico, up to the Virgin River on the Lower Colorado River Valley in the Southwestern United States from 1852 until 1909, when the construction of the Laguna Dam was completed.", "Steamboats of the Colorado River __knowledge__ The shallow draft paddle steamers were found to be the most economical way to ship goods between the Pacific Ocean ports and settlements and mines along the lower river, putting in at landings in Sonora state, Baja California Territory, California state, Arizona Territory, New Mexico Territory, and Nevada state.", "Course of the Colorado River __knowledge__ The Colorado River is a major river of the western United States and northwest Mexico in North America.", "Course of the Colorado River __knowledge__ Its headwaters are in the Rocky Mountains where La Poudre Pass Lake is its source.", "Course of the Colorado River __knowledge__ Located in north central Colorado it flows southwest through the Colorado Plateau country of western Colorado, southeastern Utah and northwestern Arizona where it flows through the Grand Canyon.", "Course of the Colorado River __knowledge__ It turns south near Las Vegas, Nevada, forming the Arizona–Nevada border in Lake Mead and the Arizona–California border a few miles below Davis Dam between Laughlin, Nevada and Needles, California California before entering Mexico in the Colorado Desert.", "Grand Canyon __knowledge__ The Grand Canyon (Hopi: \"Ongtupqa\"; , Navajo: \"Tsékooh Hatsoh\", Spanish: \"Gran Cañón\") is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States.", "Grand Canyon __knowledge__ The Grand Canyon is long, up to wide and attains a depth of over a mile ().", "Grand Canyon __knowledge__ The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon National Park, the Kaibab National Forest, Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, the Hualapai Indian Reservation, the Havasupai Indian Reservation and the Navajo Nation.", "Grand Canyon __knowledge__ President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of preservation of the Grand Canyon area, and visited it on numerous occasions to hunt and enjoy the scenery.", "Lake Cahuilla __knowledge__ Lake Cahuilla (also known as Lake LeConte and Blake Sea) is a prehistoric lake in California and northern Mexico.", "Lake Cahuilla __knowledge__ Located in the Coachella and Imperial Valleys, it covered surface areas of to a height of above sea level during the Holocene.", "Lake Cahuilla __knowledge__ During earlier stages of the Pleistocene, the lake reached even higher levels, up to above sea level.", "Lake Cahuilla __knowledge__ During the Holocene most of the water came from the Colorado River with little contribution from local runoff; in the Pleistocene local runoff was higher and it is possible that Lake Cahuilla was supported solely from local water sources during the Wisconsin glaciation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado () is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The estimated population of Colorado was 5,540,545 on July 1, 2016, an increase of 10.17% since the 2010 United States Census.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the \"Río Colorado\" for the silt the river carried from the mountains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state a century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ \"Mega64\" was a DVD-exclusive series released from 2004 to 2010.", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ The show has a story that is based around the characters playing video games in real life.", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ The \"real\" video games are usually just the characters out in public acting out the video game.", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ The show begins in the apartment of Dr. Poque, an ex-video game programmer turned mad scientist who claims to have created the \"greatest thing to happen to video gaming since \"Bubble Bobble\"\".", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ He calls it the Mega64, a revolutionary system that uses virtual reality helmets to download any video game into the user's brain and memories.", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ It also plays movies, sends faxes, does advanced probability calculations, and has a spacious storage compartment.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ The Sex Pistols were an English punk rock band that formed in London in 1975.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ They were responsible for initiating the punk movement in the United Kingdom and inspiring many later punk and alternative rock musicians.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ Although their initial career lasted just two-and-a-half years and produced only four singles and one studio album, \"Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols\", they are regarded as one of the most influential acts in the history of popular music.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ The Sex Pistols originally comprised vocalist Johnny Rotten, guitarist Steve Jones, drummer Paul Cook and bassist Glen Matlock.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ Matlock was replaced by Sid Vicious in early 1977.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the British television programme \"Sugar Rush\", broadcast by Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ There have been 2 series of the programme, the first airing in 2005 and the second in 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Each series consists of ten episodes, each 30 minutes long, including adverts.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Episodes do not have individual titles.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first series consists of ten episodes and follows a 15-year-old Kim's unrequited crush on Sugar.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first episode starts with Kim and Sugar on the waltzers on Brighton Pier.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Slowly, Sugar moves in to kiss Kim.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The scene then suddenly moves to Kim in bed, under a duvet with her eyes closed, and the sound of whirring.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ The Colorado River is one of the principal rivers of the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Rio Grande).", "Colorado River __knowledge__ The river drains an expansive, arid watershed that encompasses parts of seven U.S. and two Mexican states.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ Starting in the central Rocky Mountains in the U.S., the river flows generally southwest across the Colorado Plateau and through the Grand Canyon before reaching Lake Mead on the Arizona–Nevada border, where it turns south toward the international border.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ After entering Mexico, the Colorado approaches the mostly dry Colorado River Delta at the tip of the Gulf of California between Baja California and Sonora.", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The ecology of the Rocky Mountains is diverse due to the effects of a variety of environmental factors.", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains are the major mountain range in western North America, running from the far north of British Columbia in Canada to New Mexico in the southwestern United States, climbing from the Great Plains at or below to peaks of over .", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ Temperature and rainfall varies greatly also and thus the Rockies are home to a mixture of habitats including the alpine, subalpine and boreal habitats of the Northern Rocky Mountains in British Columbia and Alberta, the coniferous forests of Montana and Idaho, the wetlands and prairie where the Rockies meet the plains, a different mix of conifers on the Yellowstone Plateau in Wyoming and in the high Rockies of Colorado and New Mexico, and finally the alpine tundra of the highest elevations.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ The North American Cordillera is the North American portion of the American Cordillera which is a mountain chain (cordillera) along the western side of the Americas.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ The North American Cordillera covers an extensive area of mountain ranges, intermontane basins, and plateaus in western North America, including much of the territory west of the Great Plains.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ It is also sometimes called the Western Cordillera, the Western Cordillera of North America, or the Pacific Cordillera.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ The precise boundaries of this cordillera and its subregions, as well as the names of its various features, may differ depending on the definitions in each country or jurisdiction, and also depending on the scientific field; this cordillera is a particularly prominent subject in the scientific field of physical geography.", "American frontier __knowledge__ The American frontier comprises the geography, history, folklore, and cultural expression of life in the forward wave of American expansion that began with English colonial settlements in the early 17th century and ended with the admission of the last mainland territories as states in 1912.", "American frontier __knowledge__ \"Frontier\" refers to a contrasting region at the edge of a European-American line of settlement.", "American frontier __knowledge__ American historians cover multiple frontiers but the folklore is focused primarily on the conquest and settlement of Indian lands, west of the Mississippi River, in what is now the Midwest, Texas, the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains, the Southwest, and the West Coast.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains, commonly known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains stretch more than from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ Within the North American Cordillera, the Rockies are somewhat distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada, which all lie further to the west.", "Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains were initially formed from 80 million to 55 million years ago during the Laramide orogeny, in which a number of plates began to slide underneath the North American plate." ] ]

[ 1, 50, 4, 43, 8 ]

[ "Oh I have when I went down to most of the southern Rocky Mountains for a hiking trip! It was great fun! Do you go hiking around a lot up there?", "Oh that's sweet, although I wouldn't recommend taking your kids up to the Southern Rockies, they Southern Rockies include the highest mountain ranges of the Rocky Mountains so it can be dangerous!", "They are so beautiful, you might also enjoy the beauty of the Colorado River, which is what the state Colorado was named after!", "Oh it is, just don't get swept in the current because it's a very long river, from the central Rocky Mountains all the way to the Arizona-Nevada border!", "Oh yes, but all in all, you can't beat all of Colorado's natural beauties, like its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands." ]

[ "Colorado", "Colorado", "Colorado", "Colorado", "Colorado" ]

[ "Reading (process)\nhello dear, what kind of book do you like reading?", "what are the process of reading?", "can you tell me more on reading", "what is the history of reading", "meaning that regular school is better than homeschool" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Chinook Jargon __knowledge__ Chinook Jargon (also known as chinuk wawa, or chinook wawa) is a revived American indigenous language originating as a pidgin trade language in the Pacific Northwest, and spreading during the 19th century from the lower Columbia River, first to other areas in modern Oregon and Washington, then British Columbia and as far as Alaska and Yukon Territory, sometimes taking on characteristics of a creole language.", "Chinook Jargon __knowledge__ It is related to, but not the same as, the aboriginal language of the Chinook people, upon which much of its vocabulary is based.", "Chinook Jargon __knowledge__ Many words from Chinook Jargon remain in common use in the Western United States, British Columbia and the Yukon, in indigenous languages as well as regional English usage, to the point where most people are unaware the word was originally from the Jargon.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ Like nouns in many Native American languages, the Tlingit noun is easily conceptualized but difficult to formally define.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ It can be simple or compound, and can be derived from verb forms as well as other nouns.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ It is marked for case, but not normally for number.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ Noun possession divides all nouns into two open classes of possessable and unpossessable nouns, and the possessable nouns are further divided based on their alienability.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ The concept of a noun is fairly well defined for Indo-European languages, as well as many other language families.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ However, it is not so clear for many Native American language families, particularly the Na-Dené family.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Sanrio, a Japanese company specialized in creating cute characters.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Beginning in 1963, Sanrio sells and licenses products branded with these characters and has created over 400 characters, with the most successful and best known being Hello Kitty.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ The characters listed here are shown with the year in which they first appeared.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ is the best-known of Sanrio's fictional characters, created in 1974.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty is drawn simply with a trademark red bow.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Registered in 1975, Hello Kitty is now a globally known trademark.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty has been marketed in the United States from the beginning and has held the position of U.S. children's ambassador for UNICEF since 1983.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "Musical theatre __knowledge__ Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance.", "Musical theatre __knowledge__ The story and emotional content of a musical – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through the words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole.", "Musical theatre __knowledge__ Although musical theatre overlaps with other theatrical forms like opera and dance, it may be distinguished by the equal importance given to the music as compared with the dialogue, movement and other elements.", "Musical theatre __knowledge__ Since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called, simply, musicals.", "Carrier language __knowledge__ The Carrier language is a Northern Athabaskan language.", "Carrier language __knowledge__ It is named after the Dakelh people, a First Nations people of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, for whom Carrier is the usual English name.", "Carrier language __knowledge__ People who are referred to as Carrier speak two related languages.", "Carrier language __knowledge__ One, Babine-Witsuwit'en is sometimes referred to as \"Northern Carrier\".", "Carrier language __knowledge__ The other, Carrier proper, includes what are sometimes referred to as \"Central Carrier\" and \"Southern Carrier\".", "Carrier language __knowledge__ All dialects of Carrier have essentially the same consonant system, which is shown in this chart.", "Carrier language __knowledge__ There are three series of stops and affricates: aspirated, unaspirated (written voiced in the practical orthography), and ejective.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Eye movement in music reading __knowledge__ Eye movement in music reading is the scanning of a musical score by a musician's eyes.", "Eye movement in music reading __knowledge__ This usually occurs as the music is read during performance, although musicians sometimes scan music silently to study it.", "Eye movement in music reading __knowledge__ The phenomenon has been studied by researchers from a range of backgrounds, including cognitive psychology and music education.", "Eye movement in music reading __knowledge__ These studies have typically reflected a curiosity among performing musicians about a central process in their craft, and a hope that investigating eye movement might help in the development of more effective methods of training musicians' sight reading skills.", "Eye movement in music reading __knowledge__ A central aspect of music reading is the sequence of alternating saccades and fixations, as it is for most oculomotor tasks.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Learning to read is the acquisition and practice of the skills necessary to understand the meaning behind printed words.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ For a fairly good reader, the skill of reading often feels simple, effortless, and automatic; however, the process of learning to read is complex and builds on cognitive, linguistic, and social skills developed from a very early age.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Usually, in order to understand a text, it is necessary to understand the spoken language associated with that text.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ In this way, writing systems are distinguished form many other symbolic communication systems.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Once established, writing systems on the whole change more slowly than their spoken counterparts, and often preserve features and expressions which are no longer current in the spoken language.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ On Yom Tov (except on Simchat Torah), entire parshiot of the Torah are not read in the synagogue.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ Rather, select portions of a parsha, generally pertaining to the holiday, are read.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ These readings are usually shorter than a full parsha.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ When a Yom Tov other than Yom Kippur falls on a day other than Shabbat, the reading is divided into five sections (not including the Maftir).", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ On Yom Kippur, six readings take place.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ On all these days, the Maftir is read from a different portion of the Torah.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ Two Torah scrolls are taken out of the ark.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ This is because it is difficult and time-consuming to roll the scroll to the point where the Maftir is located.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ The Central Dauphin School District is a large, suburban, public school district located in suburban Harrisburg, Pennsylvania serving students in central and eastern Dauphin County.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ It is the largest school district in the county, the largest in the greater Harrisburg metropolitan area and is the 14th largest school district in Pennsylvania.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ The district serves the Boroughs of: Dauphin, Paxtang and Penbrook as well as Lower Paxton Township, Middle Paxton Township, Swatara Township and West Hanover Township.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ It was created in 1954, combining four smaller districts.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ The Central Dauphin School District encompasses approximately .", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The Milton Area School District is a small, rural public school district headquartered in Milton, Pennsylvania.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is located in Northumberland and Union counties.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ Milton Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 15,510.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the Milton Area School District's population increased to 16,561 people.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 85.5% high school graduates and 13% college graduates.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ Shikellamy School District is a midsized, suburban/rural, public school district in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ It serves Northumberland Borough, Point Township, Rockefeller Township, Snydertown Borough, the City of Sunbury, and Upper Augusta Township.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ The administrative offices are located at Administration Center, 200 Island Blvd, Sunbury, Pennsylvania.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ Shikellamy School District encompasses approximately .", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, Per the US Census Bureau, by 2010, the district's population declined to 22,554 people.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Shikellamy School District population 25 and over were 83.6% high school graduates and 15.3% college graduates.", "Language __knowledge__ Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.", "Language __knowledge__ The scientific study of language is called linguistics.", "Language __knowledge__ Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greece.", "Language __knowledge__ Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Reading education is the process by which individuals are taught to derive meaning from text.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Government-funded research on reading and reading instruction in the United States began in the 1960s.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ In the 1970s and 1980s, researchers began publishing findings based on converging evidence from multiple studies.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ However, these findings have been slow to move into typical classroom practice.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Proficient reading is equally dependent on two critical skills: the ability to understand the language in which the text is written, and the ability to recognize and process printed text.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Each of these competencies is likewise dependent on lower level skills and cognitive abilities.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning, or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ The field of second-language acquisition is a subdiscipline of applied linguistics, but also receives research attention from a variety of other disciplines, such as psychology and education.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ A central theme in SLA research is that of \"interlanguage\", the idea that the language that learners use is not simply the result of differences between the languages that they already know and the language that they are learning, but that it is a complete language system in its own right, with its own systematic rules.", "Neuroscience of multilingualism __knowledge__ Various aspects of multilingualism have been studied in the field of neurology.", "Neuroscience of multilingualism __knowledge__ These include the representation of different language systems in the brain, the effects of multilingualism on the brain's structural plasticity, aphasia in multilingual individuals, and bimodal bilinguals (people who can speak one sign language and one oral language).", "Neuroscience of multilingualism __knowledge__ Neurological studies of multilingualism are carried out with functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and through observation of people who have suffered brain damage.", "Neuroscience of multilingualism __knowledge__ The brain contains areas that are specialized to deal with language, located in the perisylvian cortex of the left hemisphere.", "Domain-specific multimodeling __knowledge__ Domain-specific multimodeling is a software development paradigm where each view is made explicit as a separate domain-specific language (DSL).", "Domain-specific multimodeling __knowledge__ Successful development of a modern enterprise system requires the convergence of multiple views.", "Domain-specific multimodeling __knowledge__ Business analysts, domain experts, interaction designers, database experts, and developers with different kinds of expertise all take part in the process of building such a system.", "Domain-specific multimodeling __knowledge__ Their different work products must be managed, aligned, and integrated to produce a running system.", "Domain-specific multimodeling __knowledge__ Every participant of the development process has a particular language tailored to solve problems specific to its view on the system.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Va'eira __knowledge__ Va'eira, Va'era, or Vaera ( — Hebrew for \"and I appeared\" the first word that God speaks in the \"parashah\", in ) is the fourteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Exodus.", "Va'eira __knowledge__ It constitutes .", "Va'eira __knowledge__ The parashah tells of the first seven Plagues of Egypt.", "Va'eira __knowledge__ It is made up of 6,701 Hebrew letters, 1,748 Hebrew words, 121 verses, and can occupy about 222 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Va'eira __knowledge__ Jews read it the fourteenth Sabbath (, \"Shabbat\") after Simchat Torah, generally in January, or rarely, in late December.", "Va'eira __knowledge__ In traditional Sabbath Torah reading, the parashah is divided into seven readings, or , \"aliyot\".", "Shemot (parsha) __knowledge__ Shemot, Shemoth, or Shemos ( — Hebrew for \"names,\" the second word, and first distinctive word, of the parashah) is the thirteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the first in the Book of Exodus.", "Shemot (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah tells of the Israelites' affliction in Egypt, the hiding and rescuing of the infant Moses, Moses in Midian, the calling of Moses, circumcision on the way, meeting the elders, and Moses before Pharaoh.", "Shemot (parsha) __knowledge__ It is made up of 6,762 Hebrew letters, 1,763 Hebrew words, 124 verses, and can occupy about 215 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Bo ( — in Hebrew, the command form of \"go,\" or \"come,\" and the first significant word in the parashah, in ) is the fifteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Exodus.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah tells of the last three plagues on Egypt and the first Passover.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 6,149 Hebrew letters, 1,655 Hebrew words, and 106 verses, and can occupy about 207 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Jews read it the fifteenth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in January or early February.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ As the parashah describes the first Passover, Jews also read part of the parashah, as the initial Torah reading for the first day of Passover, and another part, as the initial Torah reading for the first intermediate day (\"Chol HaMoed\") of Passover.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ On Yom Tov (except on Simchat Torah), entire parshiot of the Torah are not read in the synagogue.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ Rather, select portions of a parsha, generally pertaining to the holiday, are read.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ These readings are usually shorter than a full parsha.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ When a Yom Tov other than Yom Kippur falls on a day other than Shabbat, the reading is divided into five sections (not including the Maftir).", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ On Yom Kippur, six readings take place.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ On all these days, the Maftir is read from a different portion of the Torah.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ Two Torah scrolls are taken out of the ark.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ This is because it is difficult and time-consuming to roll the scroll to the point where the Maftir is located.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Bereshit, Bereishit, Bereishis, B'reshith, Beresheet, or Bereishees ( – Hebrew for \"in the beginning,\" the first word in the parashah) is the first weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah consists of In the parashah, God creates the world, and Adam and Eve.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ They eat fruit that God had forbidden them, and God expels them from the Garden of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ One of their sons, Cain, becomes the first murderer, killing his brother Abel out of jealousy.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam, Eve, and Cain are cast out of paradise to East of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam and Eve have other children, whose descendants populate the Earth, but each generation becomes more and more degenerate until God, despairing, decides to destroy humanity.", "Beshalach __knowledge__ Beshalach, Beshallach, or Beshalah ( — Hebrew for \"when [he] let go,\" the second word and first distinctive word in the parashah) is the sixteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fourth in the Book of Exodus.", "Beshalach __knowledge__ It constitutes In this parashah, Pharaoh changes his mind and sends his army after the Jewish people, trapping them at the Sea of Reeds.", "Beshalach __knowledge__ God commands Moses to split the sea, allowing them to pass, then closes the sea back upon the Egyptian army.", "Beshalach __knowledge__ There are the miracles of manna and clean water.", "Beshalach __knowledge__ The nation of Amalek attacks and the Jewish people are victorious.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Learning to read is the acquisition and practice of the skills necessary to understand the meaning behind printed words.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ For a fairly good reader, the skill of reading often feels simple, effortless, and automatic; however, the process of learning to read is complex and builds on cognitive, linguistic, and social skills developed from a very early age.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Usually, in order to understand a text, it is necessary to understand the spoken language associated with that text.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ In this way, writing systems are distinguished form many other symbolic communication systems.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Once established, writing systems on the whole change more slowly than their spoken counterparts, and often preserve features and expressions which are no longer current in the spoken language.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Reading education is the process by which individuals are taught to derive meaning from text.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Government-funded research on reading and reading instruction in the United States began in the 1960s.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ In the 1970s and 1980s, researchers began publishing findings based on converging evidence from multiple studies.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ However, these findings have been slow to move into typical classroom practice.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Proficient reading is equally dependent on two critical skills: the ability to understand the language in which the text is written, and the ability to recognize and process printed text.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Each of these competencies is likewise dependent on lower level skills and cognitive abilities.", "Lexical semantics __knowledge__ Lexical semantics (also known as lexicosemantics), is a subfield of linguistic semantics.", "Lexical semantics __knowledge__ The units of analysis in lexical semantics are lexical units which include not only words but also sub-words or sub-units such as affixes and even compound words and phrases.", "Lexical semantics __knowledge__ Lexical units make up the catalogue of words in a language, the lexicon.", "Lexical semantics __knowledge__ Lexical semantics looks at how the meaning of the lexical units correlates with the structure of the language or syntax.", "Lexical semantics __knowledge__ This is referred to as syntax-semantic interface.", "Lexical semantics __knowledge__ The study of lexical semantics looks at: Lexical units, also referred to as syntactic atoms, can stand alone such as in the case of root words or parts of compound words or they necessarily attach to other units such as prefixes and suffixes do.", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ Koolaids: The Art of War is a novel by Rabih Alameddine, an author and painter who lives in both San Francisco and Beirut.", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ He grew up in the Middle East, in Kuwait and Lebanon.", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ Published in 1998, \"Koolaids\" is Alameddine's first novel.", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ The majority of the story takes place in San Francisco and Beirut, the sites of two very different \"wars\".", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ San Francisco from the mid-1980s into the 1990s is the main site of the AIDS epidemic, especially among the gay community, while Beirut is the site of a brutal civil war.", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ The novel deals with issues such as the AIDS epidemic, sex, the Lebanese civil war, death, and the meaning of life.", "Quran __knowledge__ The Quran ( ; ', literally meaning \"the recitation\"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran\"') is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (\"Allah\").", "Quran __knowledge__ It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature.", "Quran __knowledge__ The Quran is divided into chapters (\"surah\" in Arabic), which are then divided into verses (\"ayah\").", "Quran __knowledge__ Muslims believe that the Quran was verbally revealed by God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (\"Jibril\"), gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, beginning on 22 December 609 CE, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death.", "Kalaw Lagaw Ya __knowledge__ Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Kala Lagaw Ya, Kalau Lagau Ya (), or the Western Torres Strait language (also several other names, see below), is the language indigenous to the central and western Torres Strait Islands, Queensland, Australia.", "Kalaw Lagaw Ya __knowledge__ On some islands, it has now largely been replaced by Torres Strait Creole.", "Kalaw Lagaw Ya __knowledge__ Before colonisation in the 1870s–1880s, the language was the major lingua franca of the area in both Australia and Papua New Guinea, and is still widely spoken by neighbouring Papuans and by some Aboriginal people.", "Kalaw Lagaw Ya __knowledge__ How many non-first language speakers it has is unknown.", "Kalaw Lagaw Ya __knowledge__ It also has a 'light' (simplified/foreigner) form, as well as a pidginised form.", "Han unification __knowledge__ Han unification is an effort by the authors of Unicode and the Universal Character Set to map multiple character sets of the so-called CJK languages into a single set of unified characters.", "Han unification __knowledge__ Han characters are a common feature of written Chinese (hanzi), Japanese (kanji), and Korean (hanja).", "Han unification __knowledge__ Modern Chinese, Japanese and Korean typefaces typically use regional or historical variants of a given Han character.", "Han unification __knowledge__ In the formulation of Unicode, an attempt was made to unify these variants by considering them different glyphs representing the same \"grapheme\", or orthographic unit, hence, \"Han unification\", with the resulting character repertoire sometimes contracted to Unihan." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Reading, Berkshire __knowledge__ Reading ( ) is a large, historically important minster town in Berkshire, England, of which it is the county town.", "Reading, Berkshire __knowledge__ It is located in the Thames Valley at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway.", "Reading, Berkshire __knowledge__ Reading is east of Bristol, south of Oxford, west of London, north of Basingstoke, south-west of Maidenhead and east of Newbury as the crow flies.", "Reading, Berkshire __knowledge__ The first evidence for Reading as a settlement dates from the 8th century.", "Reading, Berkshire __knowledge__ It was an important trading and ecclesiastical centre in the medieval period, as the site of Reading Abbey, one of the richest monasteries of medieval England with strong royal connections, of which the 12th century abbey gateway and significant ruins remain.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ On Yom Tov (except on Simchat Torah), entire parshiot of the Torah are not read in the synagogue.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ Rather, select portions of a parsha, generally pertaining to the holiday, are read.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ These readings are usually shorter than a full parsha.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ When a Yom Tov other than Yom Kippur falls on a day other than Shabbat, the reading is divided into five sections (not including the Maftir).", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ On Yom Kippur, six readings take place.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ On all these days, the Maftir is read from a different portion of the Torah.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ Two Torah scrolls are taken out of the ark.", "Yom Tov Torah readings __knowledge__ This is because it is difficult and time-consuming to roll the scroll to the point where the Maftir is located.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ The Central Dauphin School District is a large, suburban, public school district located in suburban Harrisburg, Pennsylvania serving students in central and eastern Dauphin County.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ It is the largest school district in the county, the largest in the greater Harrisburg metropolitan area and is the 14th largest school district in Pennsylvania.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ The district serves the Boroughs of: Dauphin, Paxtang and Penbrook as well as Lower Paxton Township, Middle Paxton Township, Swatara Township and West Hanover Township.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ It was created in 1954, combining four smaller districts.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ The Central Dauphin School District encompasses approximately .", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The Milton Area School District is a small, rural public school district headquartered in Milton, Pennsylvania.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is located in Northumberland and Union counties.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ Milton Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 15,510.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the Milton Area School District's population increased to 16,561 people.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 85.5% high school graduates and 13% college graduates.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Franklin B. Gowen __knowledge__ Franklin Benjamin Gowen (February 9, 1836 – December 13, 1889) served as president of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad (commonly referred to as the Reading Railroad) in the 1870s/80s.", "Franklin B. Gowen __knowledge__ He is identified with the undercover infiltration and subsequent court prosecutions of Molly Maguires, mine workers, saloonkeepers and low-level local political figures arraigned and tried for multiple acts of violence, including murders and attempted murders of coal mine operators, foremen and workers, and peace officers.", "Franklin B. Gowen __knowledge__ Other aspects of Gowen's presidency that merit consideration include: Franklin Benjamin Gowen was born in Mount Airy, Pennsylvania, now part of Philadelphia, the fifth child of an Irish Protestant immigrant, James Gowen, a successful grocer, and his wife, Mary (née Miller), who was of German American descent.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ The West Perry School District is a midsized, public school district located in western Perry County, Pennsylvania.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ It encompasses over , covering virtually all of the western half of the county.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ As one of Perry County's four school districts, West Perry serves: the boroughs of Blain, New Bloomfield and Landisburg, as well as, Carroll Township, Centre Township, Jackson Township, Northeast Madison Township, Saville Township, Spring Township, Southwest Madison Township, Toboyne Township, and Tyrone Township, making it the largest school district in terms of area in Perry County.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ According to 2008 local census data, West Perry School District had a resident population of 17,101 people.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ Shikellamy School District is a midsized, suburban/rural, public school district in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ It serves Northumberland Borough, Point Township, Rockefeller Township, Snydertown Borough, the City of Sunbury, and Upper Augusta Township.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ The administrative offices are located at Administration Center, 200 Island Blvd, Sunbury, Pennsylvania.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ Shikellamy School District encompasses approximately .", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, Per the US Census Bureau, by 2010, the district's population declined to 22,554 people.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Shikellamy School District population 25 and over were 83.6% high school graduates and 15.3% college graduates.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The Carbondale Area School District is a small, suburban school district that provides education services to the children residing in the City of Carbondale and Fell Township in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The district encompasses an area of .", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The school district had a population of 11,641, according to the 2000 federal census.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population declined to 11,065 people.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Carbondale Area School District population (25 years old and over) were 87.4% high school graduates and 16.4% college graduates.", "Carbondale Area School District __knowledge__ The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania an done of 12 districts operating in Lackawanna County.", "Phonics __knowledge__ Phonics is a method for teaching reading and writing of the English language by developing learners' phonemic awareness—the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes—in order to teach the correspondence between these sounds and the spelling patterns (graphemes) that represent them.", "Phonics __knowledge__ The goal of phonics is to enable beginning readers to decode new written words by sounding them out, or, in phonics terms, \"blending\" the sound-spelling patterns.", "Phonics __knowledge__ Since it focuses on the spoken and written units within words, phonics is a sublexical approach and, as a result, is often contrasted with whole language, a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading.", "Greenwood School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ The Greenwood School District is a diminutive, rural, public school district located in Millerstown, Pennsylvania.", "Greenwood School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ The district is the northernmost school district in Perry County, Pennsylvania.", "Greenwood School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ Encompassing approximately , Greenwood School District serves residents of the following municipalities: Millerstown Borough, Liverpool Borough, Greenwood Township, Liverpool Township, Tuscarora Township, Greenwood Township.", "Greenwood School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ The total population of the Greenwood School District in 2007 was 5,235 per the US Census Bureau.", "Greenwood School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ According to the 2010 Census by the US Census Bureau, the District served a resident population of 5,492.", "Line Mountain School District __knowledge__ The Line Mountain School District is a small, rural public school district serving portions of Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.", "Line Mountain School District __knowledge__ The district covers an area of .", "Line Mountain School District __knowledge__ Municipalities within its boundaries are the borough of Herndon and multiple townships, including Lower Augusta Township, Little Mahanoy Township, Zerbe Township, West Cameron Township, Jackson Township, Upper Mahanoy Township, Washington Township, Jordan Township, and Lower Mahanoy Township.", "Line Mountain School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 8,975.", "Line Mountain School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population increased to 9,184 people." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ Homeschooling in the United States constitutes the education of about 3.4% of U.S. students (approximately 2 million students).", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, the Supreme Court has ruled that parents have a fundamental right to direct the education of their children.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ The right to homeschool is not frequently questioned in court.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ But, the amount of state regulation and help that can or should be expected continues to be subject to legal debate.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ United States Supreme Court precedent appears to favor educational choice, as long as states set standards.", "Homeschooling in the United States __knowledge__ Originally homeschooling in the United States was practiced mainly underground or in rural areas.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ Homeschooling, also known as home education, is the education of children inside the home.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ Home education is usually conducted by a parent or tutor.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ Many families use less formal ways of educating.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ \"Homeschooling\" is the term commonly used in North America, whereas \"home education\" is commonly used in the United Kingdom, Europe, and in many Commonwealth countries.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ Before the introduction of compulsory school attendance laws, most childhood education was done by families and local communities.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ In many developed countries, homeschooling is a legal alternative to public and private schools.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ In other nations, homeschooling remains illegal or restricted to specific conditions, as recorded by Homeschooling international status and statistics.", "Homeschooling international status and statistics __knowledge__ Homeschooling is legal in many countries.", "Homeschooling international status and statistics __knowledge__ Countries with the most prevalent home education movements include Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.", "Homeschooling international status and statistics __knowledge__ Some countries have highly regulated home education programs as an extension of the compulsory school system; others, such as Germany, have outlawed it entirely.", "Homeschooling international status and statistics __knowledge__ In other countries, while not restricted by law, homeschooling is not socially acceptable or considered undesirable and is virtually non-existent.", "Homeschooling international status and statistics __knowledge__ Homeschooling is currently permitted in Kenya.", "Homeschooling international status and statistics __knowledge__ The freedom of homeschooling is however under threat in Kenya, because a new education law has been proposed that does not make any allowance for homeschooling.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ The following is a list of housemates in the fifteenth series of \"Big Brother UK\".", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ Ashley \"Ash\" Harrison, aged 26, is a model from Manchester.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ He entered the house on Day 2.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ On Day 11, when Power Housemate Chris was choosing his next nomination, he narrowed his decision down to Ash and Kimberly.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ To find out who was Chris' biggest threat in the house, a poll was posted on the official \"Big Brother\" app.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ As Ash topped the poll, Chris decided to choose him as his next nomination therefore Ash automatically faced the second public vote.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ He survived eviction on Day 16 having received the least number of votes to evict along with Christopher, however he was nominated for the next public vote after Power Couple Matthew and Toya chose to void his nominations.", "Prom __knowledge__ In the United States, a promenade dance, most commonly called a prom, is a semi-formal (black tie) dance or gathering of high school students.", "Prom __knowledge__ This event is typically held near the end of the senior year (the last year of high school).", "Prom __knowledge__ Proms figure greatly in popular culture and are major events among high school students.", "Prom __knowledge__ High school juniors attending the prom may call it \"junior prom\" while high-school seniors may call it \"senior prom\".", "Prom __knowledge__ In practice, this event may be a combined junior/senior dance.", "Prom __knowledge__ At a prom, a Prom King and Prom Queen may be revealed.", "Prom __knowledge__ These are honorary titles awarded to students elected in a school-wide vote prior to the prom, and seniors are usually awarded these titles.", "List of Big Brother 16 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ The following is a list of housemates in the sixteenth series of \"Big Brother UK\".", "List of Big Brother 16 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ Aaron Frew, aged 24, is a model from Northampton.", "List of Big Brother 16 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ He entered the House on Day 1.", "List of Big Brother 16 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ On Day 13, Aaron was nominated by his fellow Housemates, however in a twist, all of the nominated Housemates were saved and swapped with the Housemates that were originally told they were safe.", "List of Big Brother 16 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ On Day 17, Aaron was ejected from the House following inappropriate behaviour.", "List of Big Brother 16 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ Adjoa Mensah, aged 22, is a model and law student from Manchester.", "List of Big Brother 16 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ She was born to Ghanaian parents and her first language is Dutch.", "List of Big Brother 16 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ Following her entry on Day 1, the public voted for her alongside four other Housemates to participate in the series' first Timebomb challenge.", "Stoa USA __knowledge__ Stoa USA, also referred to as Stoa, is a Christian homeschool forensics organization in the United States.", "Stoa USA __knowledge__ It is one of the four major national high school forensics organizations (the others are the National Forensic League (NFL), National Catholic Forensic League (NCFL), and the National Christian Forensics and Communications Association (NCFCA)).", "Stoa USA __knowledge__ Stoa is defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as “an ancient Greek portico usually walled at the back with a front colonnade designed to afford a sheltered promenade.” The Stoa was a common fixture of many towns in Ancient Greece and was used as a place where people could debate and discuss their ideas.", "Cumberland Valley School District __knowledge__ The Cumberland Valley School District is a large, rural and suburban public school district located in Central Pennsylvania.", "Cumberland Valley School District __knowledge__ It covers Hampden Township, Monroe Township, Middlesex Township and Silver Spring Township in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.", "Cumberland Valley School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 46,926.", "Cumberland Valley School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population increased to 54,670 people.", "Cumberland Valley School District __knowledge__ In 2009, the district residents’ per capita income was $28,440, while the median family income was $66,515.", "Cumberland Valley School District __knowledge__ In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ The Rochester Area School District is a small, urban public school district in Beaver County, Pennsylvania.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ It serves the boroughs of Rochester and East Rochester, and the township of Rochester Township.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ Rochester Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 8,075 people.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population had declined to 7,046.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 88.3% high school graduates and 14.3% college graduates.", "Rochester Area School District __knowledge__ The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania." ] ]

[ 3, 16, 58, 53, 15 ]

[ "Hi there, I enjoy reading spiritual books, reading is different for different languages but it's always a complex interaction between your eyes and your brain.", "Basically it's when you see a picture or letters and you understand the underlying meaning behind the printed words.", "Of course, In the US in the 70-90's research was done about reading compared to any of other decades before. This is where a lot of studies are found on reading.", "I am not entirely sure unforunately but i can tell some good facts about homeschool: In 2013 87% of kids were in regular schools and only 3% were homeschooled!", "I think more people prefer it, as a matter of fact the US prefers people do regular school over homeschool, provided the states have good standards." ]

[ "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)" ]

[ "Agriculture", "I love agriculture too. I grow corn for a huge turkey flock and a few acres of soybeans and hay for the cattle", "No experience with biofuel but I use 70 acres for crops yearly. What are you curious about ?", "I would say no. You can use the land for agricultural purposes, growing crops, raising meat etc without damaging the land or the environment" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance life.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The history of agriculture by humans dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies; industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Although generally understood to denote the practices of humans, other animals—for example, fungus-growing ants—have also been found to engage in agriculture.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warming, rainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance life.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The history of agriculture by humans dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies; industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Although generally understood to denote the practices of humans, other animals—for example, fungus-growing ants—have also been found to engage in agriculture.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warming, rainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Glycine max, commonly known as soybean in North America or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals.", "Soybean __knowledge__ For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and dairy substitutes.", "Soybean __knowledge__ The beans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Soy vegetable oil, used in food and industrial applications, is another product of processing the soybean crop.", "Genetically modified food controversies __knowledge__ Genetically modified food controversies are disputes over the use of foods and other goods derived from genetically modified crops instead of conventional crops, and other uses of genetic engineering in food production.", "Genetically modified food controversies __knowledge__ The disputes involve consumers, farmers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations, and scientists.", "Genetically modified food controversies __knowledge__ The key areas of controversy related to genetically modified food (GM food or GMO food) are whether such food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the objectivity of scientific research and publication, the effect of genetically modified crops on health and the environment, the effect on pesticide resistance, the impact of such crops for farmers, and the role of the crops in feeding the world population.", "Corn production in the United States __knowledge__ The production of corn (\"Zea mays mays\", also known as 'maize') plays a major role in the economy of the United States.", "Corn production in the United States __knowledge__ The country is the largest producer of corn in the world, with of land reserved for corn production.", "Corn production in the United States __knowledge__ Corn growth is dominated by west/north central Iowa and east central Illinois.", "Corn production in the United States __knowledge__ Approximately 13% of its annual yield is exported.http://www.grains.org/buyingselling/corn Corn spread across North America a few thousand years ago.", "Corn production in the United States __knowledge__ The original corn plant known as teosinte is still grown in Mexico.", "Corn production in the United States __knowledge__ Newer varieties are much larger, due to efforts of Native Americans and scientific research.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Food versus fuel is the dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of the food supply.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ The biofuel and food price debate involves wide-ranging views, and is a long-standing, controversial one in the literature.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ There is disagreement about the significance of the issue, what is causing it, and what can or should be done to remedy the situation.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ This complexity and uncertainty is due to the large number of impacts and feedback loops that can positively or negatively affect the price system.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Moreover, the relative strengths of these positive and negative impacts vary in the short and long terms, and involve delayed effects.", "Agriculture in Paraguay __knowledge__ Throughout its history, agriculture in Paraguay has been the mainstay of the economy.", "Agriculture in Paraguay __knowledge__ This trend has continued today and in the late 1980s the agricultural sector generally accounted for 48 percent of the nation's employment, 23 percent of GDP, and 98 percent of export earnings.", "Agriculture in Paraguay __knowledge__ The sector comprised a strong food and cash crop base, a large livestock subsector including cattle ranching and beef production, and a vibrant timber industry.", "Agriculture in Paraguay __knowledge__ Growth in agriculture was very rapid from the early 1970s to the early 1980s, a period when cotton and soybean prices soared and cropland under cultivation expanded as a result of agricultural colonization.", "Cattle feeding __knowledge__ Different cattle feeding production systems have separate advantages and disadvantages.", "Cattle feeding __knowledge__ Most cattle in the US have a diet that is composed of at least some forage (grass, legumes, or silage).", "Cattle feeding __knowledge__ In fact, most beef cattle are raised on pasture from birth in the spring until autumn (7 to 9 months).", "Cattle feeding __knowledge__ Then for pasture-fed animals, grass is the forage that composes all or at least the great majority of their diet.", "Cattle feeding __knowledge__ Cattle fattened in feedlots are fed small amounts of hay supplemented with grain, soy and other ingredients in order to increase the energy density of the diet.", "Cattle feeding __knowledge__ The debate is whether cattle should be raised on diets primarily composed of pasture (grass) or a concentrated diet of grain, soy, corn and other supplements.", "Genetically modified crops __knowledge__ Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods.", "Genetically modified crops __knowledge__ In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species.", "Genetically modified crops __knowledge__ Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, or resistance to chemical treatments (e.g.", "Genetically modified crops __knowledge__ resistance to a herbicide), or improving the nutrient profile of the crop.", "Genetically modified crops __knowledge__ Examples in non-food crops include production of pharmaceutical agents, biofuels, and other industrially useful goods, as well as for bioremediation.", "Fungus __knowledge__ A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.", "Fungus __knowledge__ These organisms are classified as a kingdom, Fungi, which is separate from the other eukaryotic life kingdoms of plants and animals.", "Fungus __knowledge__ A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls.", "Fungus __knowledge__ Similar to animals, fungi are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment.", "Fungivore __knowledge__ Fungivory or mycophagy is the process of organisms consuming fungi.", "Fungivore __knowledge__ Many different organisms have been recorded to gain their energy from consuming fungi, including birds, mammals, insects, plants, amoebas, gastropods, nematodes, bacteria and other fungi.", "Fungivore __knowledge__ Some of these, which only eat fungi, are called fungivores whereas others eat fungi as only part of their diet, being omnivores.", "Fungivore __knowledge__ Many mammals eat fungi, but only a few feed exclusively on fungi; most are opportunistic feeders and fungi only make up part of their diet.", "Fungivore __knowledge__ At least 22 species of primate, including humans, bonobos, colobines, gorillas, lemurs, macaques, mangabeys, marmosets and vervet monkeys are known to feed on fungi.", "Mushroom __knowledge__ A mushroom, or toadstool, is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.", "Mushroom __knowledge__ The standard for the name \"mushroom\" is the cultivated white button mushroom, \"Agaricus bisporus\"; hence the word \"mushroom\" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (stipe), a cap (pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing.", "Mushroom __knowledge__ lamella) on the underside of the cap.", "Mushroom __knowledge__ \"Mushroom\" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems, therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota.", "Coir __knowledge__ Coir (), or coconut fibre, is a natural fibre extracted from the husk of coconut and used in products such as floor mats, doormats, brushes and mattresses.", "Coir __knowledge__ Coir is the fibrous material found between the hard, internal shell and the outer coat of a coconut.", "Coir __knowledge__ Other uses of brown coir (made from ripe coconut) are in upholstery padding, sacking and horticulture.", "Coir __knowledge__ White coir, harvested from unripe coconuts, is used for making finer brushes, string, rope and fishing nets.", "Coir __knowledge__ Ropes and cordage have been made from coconut fibre since ancient times.", "Coir __knowledge__ Indian navigators who sailed the seas to Malaya, Java, China, and the Gulf of Arabia centuries ago used coir for their ship ropes.", "Lingzhi mushroom __knowledge__ The lingzhi mushroom or reishi mushroom () is a species complex that encompasses several fungal species of the genus \"Ganoderma\", most commonly the closely related species \"Ganoderma lucidum\", \"Ganoderma tsugae,\" and \"Ganoderma lingzhi\".", "Lingzhi mushroom __knowledge__ \"G. lingzhi\" enjoys special veneration in East Asia, where it has been used as a medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2,000 years, making it one of the oldest mushrooms known to have been used medicinally.", "Lingzhi mushroom __knowledge__ Names for the lingzhi fungus have a two thousand-year history.", "Lingzhi mushroom __knowledge__ The Chinese term \"lingzhi\" was first recorded during the Han dynasty (206 BC – 9 AD).", "Panellus stipticus __knowledge__ Panellus stipticus, commonly known as the bitter oyster, the astringent panus, the luminescent panellus, or the stiptic fungus, is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae, and the type species of the genus \"Panellus\".", "Panellus stipticus __knowledge__ A common and widely distributed species, it is found in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America, where it grows in groups or dense overlapping clusters on the logs, stumps, and trunks of deciduous trees, especially beech, oak, and birch.", "Panellus stipticus __knowledge__ During the development of the fruit bodies, the mushrooms start out as tiny white knobs, which, over a period of one to three months, develop into fan- or kidney-shaped caps that measure up to broad.", "Gyromitra esculenta __knowledge__ Gyromitra esculenta , is an ascomycete fungus from the genus \"Gyromitra\", widely distributed across Europe and North America.", "Gyromitra esculenta __knowledge__ It normally fruits in sandy soils under coniferous trees in spring and early summer.", "Gyromitra esculenta __knowledge__ The fruiting body, or mushroom, is an irregular brain-shaped cap dark brown in colour that can reach high and wide, perched on a stout white stipe up to high.", "Gyromitra esculenta __knowledge__ Although potentially fatal if eaten raw, \"Gyromitra esculenta\" is a popular delicacy in Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, and the upper Great Lakes region of North America.", "Gyromitra esculenta __knowledge__ Although popular in some districts of the eastern Pyrenees, it is prohibited from sale to the public in Spain." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance life.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The history of agriculture by humans dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies; industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Although generally understood to denote the practices of humans, other animals—for example, fungus-growing ants—have also been found to engage in agriculture.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warming, rainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Food versus fuel is the dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of the food supply.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ The biofuel and food price debate involves wide-ranging views, and is a long-standing, controversial one in the literature.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ There is disagreement about the significance of the issue, what is causing it, and what can or should be done to remedy the situation.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ This complexity and uncertainty is due to the large number of impacts and feedback loops that can positively or negatively affect the price system.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Moreover, the relative strengths of these positive and negative impacts vary in the short and long terms, and involve delayed effects.", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils.", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. Several companies and government agencies are funding efforts to reduce capital and operating costs and make algae fuel production commercially viable.", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Like fossil fuel, algae fuel releases when burnt, but unlike fossil fuel, algae fuel and other biofuels only release recently removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis as the algae or plant grew.", "Sustainable biofuel __knowledge__ Sustainable biofuel is biofuel produced in a sustainable manner.", "Sustainable biofuel __knowledge__ In 2008, the Roundtable for Sustainable Biofuels released its proposed standards for sustainable biofuels.", "Sustainable biofuel __knowledge__ This includes 12 principles: Several countries and regions have introduced policies or adopted standards to promote sustainable biofuels production and use, most prominently the European Union and the United States.", "Sustainable biofuel __knowledge__ The 2009 EU Renewable Energy Directive, which requires 10 percent of transportation energy from renewable energy by 2020, is the most comprehensive mandatory sustainability standard in place as of 2010.", "Sustainable biofuel __knowledge__ \"The EU Renewable Energy Directive requires that the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of biofuels consumed be at least 50 percent less than the equivalent emissions from gasoline or diesel by 2017 (and 35 percent less starting in 2011).", "Biofuel __knowledge__ A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Renewable biofuels generally involve contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Other renewable biofuels are made through the use or conversion of biomass (referring to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials).", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil is the world's second largest producer of ethanol fuel.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil and the United States led the industrial production of ethanol fuel in 2014, together accounting for 83.4 percent of the world's production.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ In 2014 Brazil produced 23.4 billion liters (6.19 billion U.S. liquid gallons), representing 25.2 percent of the world's total ethanol used as fuel.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil is considered to have the world's first sustainable biofuels economy and the biofuel industry leader, a policy model for other countries; and its sugarcane ethanol \"the most successful alternative fuel to date.\"", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ However, some authors consider that the successful Brazilian ethanol model is sustainable only in Brazil due to its advanced agri-industrial technology and its enormous amount of arable land available; while according to other authors it is a solution only for some countries in the tropical zone of Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa.", "Issues relating to biofuels __knowledge__ There are various social, economic, environmental and technical issues with biofuel production and use, which have been discussed in the popular media and scientific journals.", "Issues relating to biofuels __knowledge__ These include: the effect of moderating oil prices, the \"food vs fuel\" debate, poverty reduction potential, carbon emissions levels, sustainable biofuel production, deforestation and soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, effect on water resources, the possible modifications necessary to run the engine on biofuel, as well as energy balance and efficiency.", "Issues relating to biofuels __knowledge__ The International Resource Panel, which provides independent scientific assessments and expert advice on a variety of resource-related themes, assessed the issues relating to biofuel use in its first report \"Towards sustainable production and use of resources: Assessing Biofuels\".", "Biodiesel __knowledge__ Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters.", "Biodiesel __knowledge__ Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g., vegetable oil, soybean oil, animal fat (tallow)) with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters.", "Biodiesel __knowledge__ Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines and is thus distinct from the vegetable and waste oils used to fuel \"converted\" diesel engines.", "Biodiesel __knowledge__ Biodiesel can be used alone, or blended with petrodiesel in any proportions.", "Biodiesel __knowledge__ Biodiesel blends can also be used as heating oil.", "Biodiesel __knowledge__ The National Biodiesel Board (USA) also has a technical definition of \"biodiesel\" as a mono-alkyl ester.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Agriculture in the United Kingdom uses 69% of the country's land area, employs 1.5% of its workforce (476,000 people) and contributes 0.62% of its gross value added (£9.9 billion).", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The UK produces less than 60% of the food it eats.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Although agricultural activity occurs in most rural locations, it is concentrated in East Anglia (crops) and the South West (livestock).", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Of the 212,000 farm holdings, there is a wide variation in size from under 20 to over 100 hectares.", "Agriculture in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Despite skilled farmers, high technology, fertile soil and subsidies, farm earnings are relatively low, mainly due to low prices at the farm gate.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance life.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ The history of agriculture by humans dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies; industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Although generally understood to denote the practices of humans, other animals—for example, fungus-growing ants—have also been found to engage in agriculture.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects.", "Agriculture __knowledge__ Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warming, rainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ Intensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also colloquially known as factory farming, is a production approach towards farm animals in order to maximize production output, while minimizing production costs.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ Intensive farming refers to animal husbandry, the keeping of livestock such as cattle, poultry, and fish at higher stocking densities than is usually the case with other forms of animal agriculture—a practice typical in industrial farming by agribusinesses.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ The main products of this industry are meat, milk and eggs for human consumption.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ There are issues regarding whether factory farming is sustainable or ethical.", "History of agriculture in the People's Republic of China __knowledge__ In 4,000 years, China has been a nation of farmers.", "History of agriculture in the People's Republic of China __knowledge__ By the time the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, virtually all arable land was under cultivation; irrigation and drainage systems constructed centuries earlier and intensive farming practices already produced relatively high yields.", "History of agriculture in the People's Republic of China __knowledge__ But little prime virgin land was available to support population growth and economic development.", "History of agriculture in the People's Republic of China __knowledge__ However, after a decline in production as a result of the Great Leap Forward (1958–60), agricultural reforms implemented in the 1980s increased yields and promised even greater future production from existing cultivated land.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Human overpopulation (or population overshoot) occurs when the ecological footprint of a human population in a specific geographical location exceeds the carrying capacity of the place occupied by that group.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Overpopulation can further be viewed, in a long term perspective, as existing if a population cannot be maintained given the rapid depletion of non-renewable resources or given the degradation of the capacity of the environment to give support to the population.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Changes in lifestyle could reverse overpopulated status without a large population reduction.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ The term \"human overpopulation\" refers to the relationship between the entire human population and its environment: the Earth, or to smaller geographical areas such as countries.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ Urban agriculture, urban farming, or urban gardening is the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around a village, town, or city.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ Urban agriculture can also involve animal husbandry, aquaculture, agroforestry, urban beekeeping, and horticulture.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ These activities occur in peri-urban areas as well, and peri-urban agriculture may have different characteristics.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ Urban agriculture can reflect varying levels of economic and social development.", "Urban agriculture __knowledge__ In the global north, it often takes the form of a social movement for sustainable communities, where organic growers, ‘foodies,’ and ‘locavores’ form social networks founded on a shared ethos of nature and community holism.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The economic history of the United States is about characteristics of and important developments in the U.S. economy from colonial times to the present.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The emphasis is on economic performance and how it was affected by new technologies, the change of size in economic sectors and the effects of legislation and government policy.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ Specialized business history is covered in American business history.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial economy differed significantly from that of most other regions in that land and natural resources were abundant in America but labor was scarce.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ From 1700 to 1775 the output of the thirteen colonies increased 12 fold, giving the colonies an economy about 30% the size of Britain's at the time of independence.", "Agriculture in Spain __knowledge__ Agriculture in Spain is important to the national economy.", "Agriculture in Spain __knowledge__ Viewed in terms of land mass, Spain is one of the largest countries in Western Europe, and it ranks second in terms of its elevation, after Switzerland.", "Agriculture in Spain __knowledge__ A large part of the country is semiarid, with temperatures that range from extremely cold in the winter to scorching in the summer.", "Agriculture in Spain __knowledge__ Rainfall, which is often inadequate, tends to be concentrated in two generally brief periods during the year.", "Agriculture in Spain __knowledge__ Summer droughts occur frequently.", "Agriculture in Spain __knowledge__ 20.6 million of Spain's 50.5 million hectares of land, or about 40 percent, is suitable for cultivation.", "Agriculture in Spain __knowledge__ The soil is generally of poor quality, and about 10 percent of the land can be considered excellent.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Food versus fuel is the dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of the food supply.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ The biofuel and food price debate involves wide-ranging views, and is a long-standing, controversial one in the literature.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ There is disagreement about the significance of the issue, what is causing it, and what can or should be done to remedy the situation.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ This complexity and uncertainty is due to the large number of impacts and feedback loops that can positively or negatively affect the price system.", "Food vs. fuel __knowledge__ Moreover, the relative strengths of these positive and negative impacts vary in the short and long terms, and involve delayed effects.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Renewable biofuels generally involve contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis.", "Biofuel __knowledge__ Other renewable biofuels are made through the use or conversion of biomass (referring to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials).", "Issues relating to biofuels __knowledge__ There are various social, economic, environmental and technical issues with biofuel production and use, which have been discussed in the popular media and scientific journals.", "Issues relating to biofuels __knowledge__ These include: the effect of moderating oil prices, the \"food vs fuel\" debate, poverty reduction potential, carbon emissions levels, sustainable biofuel production, deforestation and soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, effect on water resources, the possible modifications necessary to run the engine on biofuel, as well as energy balance and efficiency.", "Issues relating to biofuels __knowledge__ The International Resource Panel, which provides independent scientific assessments and expert advice on a variety of resource-related themes, assessed the issues relating to biofuel use in its first report \"Towards sustainable production and use of resources: Assessing Biofuels\".", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils.", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. Several companies and government agencies are funding efforts to reduce capital and operating costs and make algae fuel production commercially viable.", "Algae fuel __knowledge__ Like fossil fuel, algae fuel releases when burnt, but unlike fossil fuel, algae fuel and other biofuels only release recently removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis as the algae or plant grew.", "Biomass __knowledge__ Biomass is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter.", "Biomass __knowledge__ Burning biomass releases carbon emissions, but has been classed as a renewable energy source in the EU and UN legal frameworks, because plant stocks can be replaced with new growth.", "Biomass __knowledge__ It has become popular among coal power stations, which switch from coal to biomass in order to convert to renewable energy generation without wasting existing generating plant and infrastructure.", "Biomass __knowledge__ Biomass most often refers to plants or plant-based materials that are not used for food or feed, and are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass.", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ United States policy in regard to biofuels, such as ethanol fuel and biodiesel, began in the early 1990s as the government began looking more intensely at biofuels as a way to reduce dependence on foreign oil and increase the nation's overall sustainability.", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ Since then, biofuel policies have been refined, focused on getting the most efficient fuels commercially available, creating fuels that can compete with petroleum-based fuels, and ensuring that the agricultural industry can support and sustain the use of biofuels.", "United States biofuel policies __knowledge__ \"See also: Oil Crisis, Ethanol Fuel, Alternative Fuels, Biofuel, Peak Oil, Oil Depletion, Oil Reserves\", In 2010, the United States imported about of crude oil.", "Ethanol fuel in the United States __knowledge__ The United States became the world's largest producer of ethanol fuel in 2005.", "Ethanol fuel in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. produced 13.9 billion U.S. liquid gallons (52.6 billion liters) of ethanol fuel in 2011, an increase from 13.2 billion U.S. liquid gallons (49.2 billion liters) in 2010, and up from 1.63 billion gallons in 2000.", "Ethanol fuel in the United States __knowledge__ Brazil and U.S. production accounted for 87.1% of global production in 2011.", "Ethanol fuel in the United States __knowledge__ In the U.S, ethanol fuel is mainly used as an oxygenate in gasoline in the form of low-level blends up to 10 percent, and to an increasing extent, as E85 fuel for flex-fuel vehicles.", "Ethanol fuel in the United States __knowledge__ The ethanol market share in the U.S. gasoline supply grew by volume from just over 1 percent in 2000 to more than 3 percent in 2006 to 10 percent in 2011." ] ]

[ 5, 22, 22, 0 ]

[ "I love agriculture, as much as that's a loose interpretation of what I do. I grow mushrooms and other fungus.", "Wow, nice, so I feel like I could ask you your opinion about whether it's a good idea to use farmland for crops or for biofuel.", "I guess on a moral/ethical level. Since a lot of it comes from agricultural waste, is it worth diverting farmland specifically for usage in biofuel?", "Are you interested at all in how big your carbon footprint is by cultivating crops not destined for use in biofuels?" ]

[ "Agriculture", "Agriculture", "Agriculture", "Agriculture" ]

[ "Radiohead", "I do, they have a very interesting sound.", "Indeed. A lot of the vocalists in the 90's are very iconic.", "Right! It's like two songs put together because of it's length. Paranoid Android is amazing!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead's third album, \"OK Computer\" (1997), propelled them to international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The group's next albums \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead's third album, \"OK Computer\" (1997), propelled them to international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The group's next albums \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz.", "Sound effect __knowledge__ Sound effects (or audio effects) are artificially created or enhanced sounds, or sound processes used to emphasize artistic or other content of films, television shows, live performance, animation, video games, music, or other media.", "Sound effect __knowledge__ In motion picture and television production, a sound effect is a sound recorded and presented to make a specific storytelling or creative point \"without\" the use of dialogue or music.", "Sound effect __knowledge__ The term often refers to a process applied to a recording, without necessarily referring to the recording itself.", "Sound effect __knowledge__ In professional motion picture and television production, dialogue, music, and sound effects recordings are treated as separate elements.", "Legion (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of the American cable television series \"Legion\" is based on the Marvel Comics character David Haller / Legion, a mutant diagnosed with schizophrenia at a young age, who learns that his illness may actually be abilities.", "Legion (season 1) __knowledge__ The season is connected to the \"X-Men\" film series, and was produced by FX Productions in association with Marvel Television.", "Legion (season 1) __knowledge__ Noah Hawley served as showrunner.", "Legion (season 1) __knowledge__ Dan Stevens stars as Haller, with Rachel Keller, Aubrey Plaza, Bill Irwin, Jeremie Harris, Amber Midthunder, Katie Aselton, and Jean Smart also starring in the season.", "Legion (season 1) __knowledge__ FX ordered a pilot for \"Legion\" in October 2015, which Hawley wrote and directed.", "Timbre __knowledge__ In music, timbre ( , also known as tone color or tone quality from psychoacoustics) is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone.", "Timbre __knowledge__ Timbre distinguishes different types of sound production, such as choir voices and musical instruments, such as string instruments, wind instruments, and percussion instruments.", "Timbre __knowledge__ It also enables listeners to distinguish different instruments in the same category (e.g.", "Timbre __knowledge__ an oboe and a clarinet).", "Timbre __knowledge__ The physical characteristics of sound that determine the perception of timbre include spectrum and envelope.", "Timbre __knowledge__ Singers and instrumental musicians can change the timbre of the music they are singing/playing by using different singing or playing techniques.", "So Beautiful or So What __knowledge__ So Beautiful or So What is the twelfth solo studio album by American folk rock singer-songwriter Paul Simon.", "So Beautiful or So What __knowledge__ For the album, he reunited with former collaborator and record producer Phil Ramone.", "So Beautiful or So What __knowledge__ Having experimented with rhythm-based textures for much of the previous two decades, Simon returned to composing songs rather traditionally using only his acoustic guitar.", "So Beautiful or So What __knowledge__ These songs were further augmented by experimental recording practices in the studio.", "So Beautiful or So What __knowledge__ The album was largely recorded in a small cottage at Simon's home in New Canaan, Connecticut.", "So Beautiful or So What __knowledge__ The music of \"So Beautiful or So What\" features West African blues-inspired guitar playing, Indian-style percussion, and experimentation with samples, which ranged from an excerpt from a 1941 sermon to nighttime ambience in Kenya.", "Backmasking __knowledge__ Backmasking is a recording technique in which a sound or message is recorded backward onto a track that is meant to be played forward.", "Backmasking __knowledge__ Backmasking is a deliberate process, whereas a message found through phonetic reversal may be unintentional.", "Backmasking __knowledge__ Backmasking was popularised by The Beatles, who used backward instrumentation on their 1966 album \"Revolver\".", "Backmasking __knowledge__ Artists have since used backmasking for artistic, comedic and satiric effect, on both analogue and digital recordings.", "Backmasking __knowledge__ The technique has also been used to censor words or phrases for \"clean\" releases of explicit songs.", "Backmasking __knowledge__ Backmasking has been a controversial topic in the United States since the 1970s and popular during the 1980s and 1990s, when allegations from Christian groups of its use for Satanic purposes were made against prominent rock musicians, leading to record-burning protests and proposed anti-backmasking legislation by state and federal governments.", "Legion (TV series) __knowledge__ Legion is an American cable television series created for FX by Noah Hawley, based on the Marvel Comics character David Haller / Legion.", "Legion (TV series) __knowledge__ It is connected to the \"X-Men\" film series, the first television series to be so, and is produced by FX Productions in association with Marvel Television.", "Legion (TV series) __knowledge__ Hawley serves as showrunner on the series.", "Legion (TV series) __knowledge__ Dan Stevens stars as Haller, a mutant diagnosed with schizophrenia at a young age.", "Legion (TV series) __knowledge__ Rachel Keller, Aubrey Plaza, Bill Irwin, Jeremie Harris, Amber Midthunder, Katie Aselton, and Jean Smart also star.", "Legion (TV series) __knowledge__ FX and Marvel Television announced a new collaboration to create a television series based on the X-Men character Legion in October 2015, with Hawley signed on to write and direct the pilot.", "The Kinks __knowledge__ The Kinks were an English rock band formed in Muswell Hill, North London, in 1964 by brothers Ray and Dave Davies.", "The Kinks __knowledge__ They are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock bands of the 1960s.", "The Kinks __knowledge__ The band emerged during the height of British rhythm and blues and Merseybeat, and were briefly part of the British Invasion of the United States until their touring ban in 1965.", "The Kinks __knowledge__ Their third single, the Ray Davies-penned \"You Really Got Me\", became an international hit, topping the charts in the United Kingdom and reaching the Top 10 in the United States.", "The Kinks __knowledge__ Their music was influenced by a wide range of genres, including rhythm and blues, British music hall, folk and country.", "Kid A __knowledge__ Kid A is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released on 2 October 2000 by Parlophone.", "Kid A __knowledge__ After having suffered a mental breakdown promoting Radiohead's acclaimed 1997 album \"OK Computer\", songwriter Thom Yorke envisioned a radical change in direction.", "Kid A __knowledge__ The band replaced their rock sound with synthesisers, drum machines, the ondes Martenot, string orchestras and brass instruments, and incorporated influences from electronic music, krautrock, jazz, and 20th-century classical music.", "Kid A __knowledge__ They recorded \"Kid A\" with \"OK Computer\" producer Nigel Godrich in Paris, Copenhagen, Gloucestershire and their hometown Oxford, England.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Hail to the Thief __knowledge__ Hail to the Thief is the sixth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released on 9 June 2003 by Parlophone Records.", "Hail to the Thief __knowledge__ It was produced by longtime Radiohead collaborator Nigel Godrich in Los Angeles.", "Hail to the Thief __knowledge__ To avoid the protracted recording sessions of their previous albums, \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), Radiohead recorded \"Hail to the Thief\" quickly, focusing on recording live takes rather than overdubs.", "Hail to the Thief __knowledge__ Songwriter Thom Yorke wrote many of the lyrics in response to the War on Terror and the resurgence of right-wing politics in the west at the turn of the millennium.", "Hail to the Thief __knowledge__ Despite a high-profile internet leak ten weeks before release, \"Hail to the Thief\" debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and number three on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, and was certified platinum in the UK, US and Canada.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968) is an English musician and composer best known as the singer and principal songwriter of the alternative rock band Radiohead.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist, Yorke mainly plays guitar and piano and works extensively with synthesisers, sequencers and programming.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ He is known for his falsetto vocals; in 2008, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked him the 66th greatest singer of all time.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Yorke was born in 1968 in Northamptonshire.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ His family moved often before settling in Oxfordshire, where Yorke attended Abingdon School and formed Radiohead with his schoolmates.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ After he graduated from the University of Exeter, Radiohead signed to Parlophone; their early hit \"Creep\" made Yorke a celebrity, and Radiohead have gone on to achieve critical acclaim and sales of over 30 million albums.", "The Eraser __knowledge__ The Eraser is the debut solo album by Thom Yorke of the English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 10 July 2006 on the independent label XL Recordings.", "The Eraser __knowledge__ It was produced by longtime Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich.", "The Eraser __knowledge__ The album comprises electronic music Yorke recorded during Radiohead's 2004 hiatus and between their 2005 rehearsals, and makes heavy use of original samples.", "The Eraser __knowledge__ The lyrics express Yorke's political concerns.", "The Eraser __knowledge__ Lead single \"Harrowdown Hill\" was written about the death of David Kelly, a whistleblower who allegedly committed suicide after telling a reporter that the British government had falsely identified weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ Jonathan Richard Guy Greenwood (born 5 November 1971) is an English musician and the lead guitarist and keyboardist of the alternative rock band Radiohead.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist, Greenwood also plays instruments including the bass guitar, piano, viola, and drums, and is a prominent player of the ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He works with electronic techniques such as programming, sampling and looping, and writes music software used by Radiohead.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He described his role in the band as an arranger, helping to transform Thom Yorke's demos into full songs.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He has been named one of the greatest guitarists of all time by several publications." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead's third album, \"OK Computer\" (1997), propelled them to international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The group's next albums \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz.", "The Beyoncé Experience __knowledge__ The Beyoncé Experience was the third concert tour by American recording artist Beyoncé.", "The Beyoncé Experience __knowledge__ It was launched in support of her second studio album, \"B'Day\" (2006).", "The Beyoncé Experience __knowledge__ The Beyoncé Experience consisted of ninety-six shows in 2007 in five legs with concerts in Asia, Australia, North America, Europe and Africa.", "The Beyoncé Experience __knowledge__ Fan-club tickets and VIP packages were on sale in early April and tickets sold officially on April 20, 2007.", "The Beyoncé Experience __knowledge__ The tour began that month and finished that November.", "The Beyoncé Experience __knowledge__ Knowles collaborated with America's Second Harvest on a campaign for people who fought with famine, holding pre-concert food drives at every stop during the tour asking from fans to bring food.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is the film and television scores composed by various composers for the films and television series of that franchise.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Ramin Djawadi provided the first MCU music with his original score for \"Iron Man\" in 2008.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Alan Silvestri was the first composer to work on multiple MCU films after he transitioned from scoring \"\" (2011) to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012), while Brian Tyler was the first composer to reference the work of another MCU composer when he quoted Silvestri's \"Captain America March\" in his score for \"\" (2013).", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Original music has also been composed for the Marvel One-Shots short film series, and other related projects of the MCU, including the fanfares for the two Marvel Studios logos, composed by Tyler and Michael Giacchino, respectively.", "Backing vocalist __knowledge__ Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists.", "Backing vocalist __knowledge__ In some cases, a backing singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist's entry or to sing a counter-melody.", "Backing vocalist __knowledge__ Backing vocalists are used in a broad range of popular music, traditional music and world music styles.", "Backing vocalist __knowledge__ Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts.", "Backing vocalist __knowledge__ In many rock and metal bands (e.g., the power trio), the musicians doing backing vocals also play instruments, such as guitar, electric bass, drums, or keyboards.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Avantasia __knowledge__ Avantasia is a German supergroup rock opera project created by Tobias Sammet, vocalist of the band Edguy.", "Avantasia __knowledge__ It has been characterized as a rock opera, as it features the contributions of various vocalists and musicians and it consists of concept albums.", "Avantasia __knowledge__ The name is a portmanteau of the words \"avalon\" and \"fantasia\" (\"fantasy\") and describes \"a world beyond human imagination\" (a quotation from the booklet).", "Avantasia __knowledge__ The project can be divided into three periods of activity.", "Avantasia __knowledge__ The first, 1999–2002, saw the release of a self-titled single and the full-length albums \"The Metal Opera\" and \"The Metal Opera Part II\".", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Iconic memory __knowledge__ Iconic memory is the visual sensory memory (SM) register pertaining to the visual domain and a fast-decaying store of visual information.", "Iconic memory __knowledge__ It is a component of the visual memory system which also includes visual short-term memory (VSTM) and long-term memory (LTM).", "Iconic memory __knowledge__ Iconic memory is described as a very brief (<1000 ms), pre-categorical, high capacity memory store.", "Iconic memory __knowledge__ It contributes to VSTM by providing a coherent representation of our entire visual perception for a very brief period of time.", "Iconic memory __knowledge__ Iconic memory assists in accounting for phenomena such as change blindness and continuity of experience during saccades.", "Until the Quiet Comes __knowledge__ Until the Quiet Comes is the fourth studio album by American electronic producer Flying Lotus.", "Until the Quiet Comes __knowledge__ It was released on September 26, 2012, by Warp Records.", "Until the Quiet Comes __knowledge__ After his 2010 album \"Cosmogramma\", Flying Lotus continued his creative partnership with bassist Thundercat and worked with him on music that led to the album.", "Until the Quiet Comes __knowledge__ For \"Until the Quiet Comes\", he drew on African percussion and psychedelic musical influences, human-subconscious and dream world concepts, and different mixing techniques and dynamics.", "Until the Quiet Comes __knowledge__ He recorded for two years at his home in Los Angeles primarily using an Ableton Live sequencer along with other instruments and software, and recorded with guest vocalists including Erykah Badu, Thom Yorke, and Laura Darlington.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968) is an English musician and composer best known as the singer and principal songwriter of the alternative rock band Radiohead.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist, Yorke mainly plays guitar and piano and works extensively with synthesisers, sequencers and programming.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ He is known for his falsetto vocals; in 2008, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked him the 66th greatest singer of all time.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Yorke was born in 1968 in Northamptonshire.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ His family moved often before settling in Oxfordshire, where Yorke attended Abingdon School and formed Radiohead with his schoolmates.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ After he graduated from the University of Exeter, Radiohead signed to Parlophone; their early hit \"Creep\" made Yorke a celebrity, and Radiohead have gone on to achieve critical acclaim and sales of over 30 million albums.", "The King of Limbs __knowledge__ The King of Limbs is the eighth studio album by English rock band Radiohead, self-released on 18 February 2011 as a download in MP3 and WAV formats.", "The King of Limbs __knowledge__ CD and 12\" vinyl versions were released on 28 March 2011 through Radiohead's Ticker Tape imprint and by XL Recordings in the United Kingdom, TBD Records in the United States and by Hostess Entertainment in Japan.", "The King of Limbs __knowledge__ Following the protracted recording and more conventional rock instrumentation of Radiohead's previous studio album \"In Rainbows\" (2007), Radiohead developed much of \"The King of Limbs\" by sampling and looping their recordings.", "The King of Limbs __knowledge__ It was produced by longtime Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ \"Paranoid Android\" is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead, released as the lead single from their third studio album \"OK Computer\" (1997) on 26 May 1997.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ The darkly humorous lyrics were written primarily by singer Thom Yorke following an unpleasant experience in a Los Angeles bar.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ The song is more than six minutes long and contains four distinct sections.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ \"Paranoid Android\" takes its name from Marvin the Paranoid Android of Douglas Adams' \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\" series.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ Released as the lead single from \"OK Computer\", \"Paranoid Android\" charted at number three on the UK Singles Chart.", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ Tomorrow's Modern Boxes is the second solo album by Thom Yorke of the English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 26 September 2014.", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ It was produced by Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich, with artwork by Radiohead artist Stanley Donwood.", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ The album blends Yorke's vocals and piano playing with electronic beats and textures.", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ Yorke released \"Tomorrow's Modern Boxes\" independently via a paid-for BitTorrent bundle.", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ He and Godrich expressed their wish to find \"an effective way of handing some control of internet commerce back to people who are creating the work\".", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ The album was downloaded over a million times within six days of release, and became the most-downloaded legal torrent of 2014; by February 2015, it had been downloaded over 4.5 million times.", "Lotus Flower (song) __knowledge__ \"Lotus Flower\" is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on their eighth studio album \"The King of Limbs \"(2011).", "Lotus Flower (song) __knowledge__ It features singer Thom Yorke's falsetto over syncopated beats and a \"propulsive\" bass line.", "Lotus Flower (song) __knowledge__ Its music video, featuring Yorke's erratic dancing, spawned an internet meme.", "Lotus Flower (song) __knowledge__ Despite not being released as a single, \"Lotus Flower\" charted on the UK Singles Chart, the Ultratop 50, the US Alternative Songs chart and the US Rock Songs chart.", "Lotus Flower (song) __knowledge__ It received positive reviews and was nominated for Best Rock Performance, Best Rock Song, and Best Music Video at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead's third album, \"OK Computer\" (1997), propelled them to international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The group's next albums \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ \"Paranoid Android\" is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead, released as the lead single from their third studio album \"OK Computer\" (1997) on 26 May 1997.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ The darkly humorous lyrics were written primarily by singer Thom Yorke following an unpleasant experience in a Los Angeles bar.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ The song is more than six minutes long and contains four distinct sections.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ \"Paranoid Android\" takes its name from Marvin the Paranoid Android of Douglas Adams' \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\" series.", "Paranoid Android __knowledge__ Released as the lead single from \"OK Computer\", \"Paranoid Android\" charted at number three on the UK Singles Chart.", "Paranoid Android (software) __knowledge__ Paranoid Android is an open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform.", "Paranoid Android (software) __knowledge__ In September 2015, \"PC Advisor\" called it the most famous ROM along with CyanogenMod, and \"The Economic Times\" called it the second-largest custom Android ROM in the world with over 200 000 users.", "Paranoid Android (software) __knowledge__ Paranoid Android was founded by Paul Henschel.", "Paranoid Android (software) __knowledge__ In February 2015, OnePlus hired a handful of key members from the Paranoid Android team to work on its new OxygenOS.", "Paranoid Android (software) __knowledge__ This caused delays to the release of Paranoid Android 5.1 builds.", "Paranoid Android (software) __knowledge__ In October 2015, team member Matt Flaming told \"Android Authority\" that the project would go on hold.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (sometimes referred to as HG2G, HHGTTG or H2G2) is a comedy science fiction series created by Douglas Adams.", "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ Originally a radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1978, it was later adapted to other formats, including stage shows, novels, comic books, a 1981 TV series, a 1984 video game, and 2005 feature film.", "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ A prominent series in British popular culture, \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\" has become an international multi-media phenomenon; the novels are the most widely distributed, having been translated into more than 30 languages by 2005.", "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ The broad narrative follows the misadventures of the last surviving man, Arthur Dent, following the demolition of the planet Earth by a Vogon constructor fleet to make way for a hyperspace bypass.", "Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ This is a list of places featured in Douglas Adams's science fiction series, \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\".", "Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ The series is set in a fictionalized version of the Milky Way galaxy and thus, while most locations are pure invention, many are based on \"real world\" settings such as Alpha Centauri, Barnard's Star and various versions of the Earth.", "Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ \"The Galaxy\" is our home galaxy, the Milky Way, though it is referred to exclusively as \"the Galaxy\" in the series.", "Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy __knowledge__ Apart from a very brief moment during the first radio series, when the main characters were transported outside the galactic plane into a battle with Haggunenons, and a moment when one of Arthur's careless remarks is sent inadvertently through a wormhole into \"a distant galaxy\", the Galaxy provides the setting for the entire series.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ Jonathan Richard Guy Greenwood (born 5 November 1971) is an English musician and the lead guitarist and keyboardist of the alternative rock band Radiohead.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist, Greenwood also plays instruments including the bass guitar, piano, viola, and drums, and is a prominent player of the ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He works with electronic techniques such as programming, sampling and looping, and writes music software used by Radiohead.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He described his role in the band as an arranger, helping to transform Thom Yorke's demos into full songs.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He has been named one of the greatest guitarists of all time by several publications.", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ The following is an alphabetical list of the minor characters in the various versions of \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", by Douglas Adams.", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ The descriptions of the characters are accompanied by information on details about appearances and references to the characters.", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ Major characters— Arthur Dent, Ford Prefect, Zaphod Beeblebrox, Marvin the Paranoid Android, Trillian, and Slartibartfast—are separately described.", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ Lists are also available for places in \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", races and species in \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", technology in \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", phrases from \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", and cast lists for \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\"." ] ]

[ 8, 62, 65, 10 ]

[ "I think Kid A was the best Radiohead record, it was such a drastic change in their sound, I really love it, do you like them at all?", "Yeah Thom Yorke has such a unique falsetto, it's what he's known for. He's one of my favorite vocalists of all time.", "I mean Radiohead are some of the best, I mean cmon, Paranoid Android is a journey, it has 4 separate parts to it like a symphony, not to mention its six minutes long!", "Yeah it's a neat one, I love how Thom took a bad experience at a bar in Los Angeles and make it into something darkly humerous." ]

[ "Radiohead", "Radiohead", "Radiohead", "Radiohead" ]

[ "Page boy (wedding attendant)\nMy dachshund is going to be my Page Boy (Ring Bearer) at my wedding.", "I can imagine those little Corgis carrying the rings.I wonder where this tradition got its start?", "A velvet covered pillow is delightful. I can just see my dachshund with a velvet covered pillow.", "My wedding is going to be wonderful!! I wasn't aware of the details you are conveying to me.", "You are right. I wouldn't want the rings to fall off the pillow - my dog would eat them." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ A page boy is a young male attendant at a wedding or cotillion.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ This type of wedding attendant is less common than it used to be, but is still a way of including young relatives or the children of relatives and friends in a wedding.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ A page is often seen at British royal weddings.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ There may be many pages for effect at cotillions.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Traditionally, page boys carry the bride's train, especially if the bride is wearing a dress with a long train.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Because of the difficulty of managing the train, page boys are generally no younger than age seven, with older boys being preferred for more complicated duties.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ In a formal wedding, the ring bearer is a special page who carries the wedding rings for the bridal party.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ This is almost always symbolic, with the ring bearer carrying a large white satin pillow on which imitation rings are sewn, while the real wedding bands are kept in the safekeeping of the best man.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ If the real rings are used, they are tacked on with thread to prevent their accidental loss.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Ring bearers are often young relatives or children of friends (usually male but can also be female) and are generally in the same age range as flower girls, which is to say that they are no younger than about five nor older than 10 although the age is up to the marrying couple.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The dachshund ( or or ) is a short-legged, long-bodied, hound-type dog breed.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The standard size dachshund was developed to scent, chase, and flush out badgers and other burrow-dwelling animals, while the miniature dachshund was bred to hunt smaller prey such as rabbits.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ In the United States, they have also been used to track wounded deer and hunt prairie dogs.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ Dachshunds also participate in conformation shows, field trials and many other events organized through pure-bred dog organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC).", "Dachshund __knowledge__ According to the AKC, the dachshund is ranked in 13th place in popularity amongst dog breeds in the United States.", "Flower girl __knowledge__ The phrase flower girl is commonly used to refer to a young female who scatters flower petals down the aisle during a wedding procession.", "Flower girl __knowledge__ However, the term can also be used to refer to girls who sell flowers, such as the fictional character Eliza Doolittle.", "Flower girl __knowledge__ In a traditional wedding procession, flower girls are usually members of the bride or groom's extended families or a friend of either family and are usually three to ten years old.", "Flower girl __knowledge__ In a wedding procession a flower girl walks down the aisle with her partner, usually the ring bearer or page boy.", "Flower girl __knowledge__ A flower girl typically walks in front of the bride during the wedding procession and scatters flower petals on the floor before the bride walks down the aisle, but some venues do not allow the scattering of petals.", "Lord of the Rings (board game) __knowledge__ Lord of the Rings is a board game based on the high fantasy trilogy \"The Lord of the Rings\" by J. R. R. Tolkien.", "Lord of the Rings (board game) __knowledge__ Published in 2000 by Kosmos in Germany, Wizards of the Coast in the U.S., and Parker Brothers in the U.K., the game is designed by Reiner Knizia and features artwork by illustrator John Howe.", "Lord of the Rings (board game) __knowledge__ It won a Spiel des Jahres special award for \"best use of literature in a game\" and in 2004 it won the Games Magazine Games 100 Honor in the Family Strategy category.", "Lord of the Rings (board game) __knowledge__ A slightly revised version was later published by Fantasy Flight Games.", "Lord of the Rings (board game) __knowledge__ The board game was highly unusual when it was published, because it is a cooperative board game — each player plays a hobbit in the party, and the party will succeed or fail as a group to destroy the One Ring, thus winning or losing the game.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ A wedding ring or wedding band is a finger ring that indicates that its wearer is married.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ It is usually forged from metal, and traditionally is forged of gold or another precious metal.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ The earliest examples of wedding rings are from Ancient Egypt.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ Western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient Rome and Greece, and were transmitted to the present through Christendom in Europe, which adapted the ancient customs.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ Depending on culture, a wedding ring is typically worn on the base of the left or right ring finger.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ Many spouses wear their wedding rings day and night, causing an indentation in the skin that is visible even when the ring is removed.", "Las arras __knowledge__ Las arras, or Las arras matrimoniales (English: arrhae, wedding tokens, or unity coins) are wedding paraphernalia used in Christian wedding ceremonies in Spain, Latin American countries, and the Philippines.", "Las arras __knowledge__ The tradition is also followed, with varying names and customs, in countries and communities bearing degrees of Hispanic influence.", "Las arras __knowledge__ Traditionally, in Spain and Latin America, it is made up of thirteen gold coins presented in an ornate box or chest; in the Philippines, it is in an ornate basket or pouch.", "Las arras __knowledge__ After being blessed by a priest, they are given or presented by the groom to the bride.", "Las arras __knowledge__ The word \"arras\" is a Spanish word meaning \"earnest money\", \"bride price\", or \"bride wealth\".", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ The Wedding procedure starts with the groom's side sending elders (Shimagle) who then request a union between the parties.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ The elders discuss a dowry (ጧሎሽ) and verify that the intended bride and groom are not relatives by checking their lineage a minimum of seven generations.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ After a dowry is agreed upon and it has been determined that there is no relationship between the intended bride and groom, the wedding is announced and the families begin preparations for a church/mosque ceremony and a mels/melsi ceremony.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ On the wedding day the groom and groomsmen (ሚዜ) get ready at the groom's house early in the morning and proceed to the bride's parents house to begin the wedding ceremonies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ A page boy is a young male attendant at a wedding or cotillion.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ This type of wedding attendant is less common than it used to be, but is still a way of including young relatives or the children of relatives and friends in a wedding.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ A page is often seen at British royal weddings.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ There may be many pages for effect at cotillions.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Traditionally, page boys carry the bride's train, especially if the bride is wearing a dress with a long train.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Because of the difficulty of managing the train, page boys are generally no younger than age seven, with older boys being preferred for more complicated duties.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ In a formal wedding, the ring bearer is a special page who carries the wedding rings for the bridal party.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ This is almost always symbolic, with the ring bearer carrying a large white satin pillow on which imitation rings are sewn, while the real wedding bands are kept in the safekeeping of the best man.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ If the real rings are used, they are tacked on with thread to prevent their accidental loss.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Ring bearers are often young relatives or children of friends (usually male but can also be female) and are generally in the same age range as flower girls, which is to say that they are no younger than about five nor older than 10 although the age is up to the marrying couple.", "Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The Welsh Corgi, sometimes known as just a Corgi (, Welsh for \"dwarf dog\"; plural \"corgis\" or occasionally the etymologically consistent \"corgwn\" ()), is a small type of herding dog that originated in Wales.", "Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ Two separate breeds are recognized: the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the Cardigan Welsh Corgi.", "Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ Historically, the Pembroke has been attributed to the influx of dogs alongside Flemish weavers from around the 10th century, while the Cardigan is attributed to the dogs brought with Norse settlers, in particular a common ancestor of the Swedish Vallhund.", "Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ A certain degree of interbreeding between the two types has been suggested to explain the similarities between the two.", "Queen Elizabeth's corgis __knowledge__ Queen Elizabeth's corgis are the Welsh Corgi dogs owned by Queen Elizabeth II and her parents, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and King George VI.", "Queen Elizabeth's corgis __knowledge__ Fond of corgis since she was a small child, Elizabeth II has owned more than 30 corgis since she became Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms in 1952.", "Queen Elizabeth's corgis __knowledge__ The Queen Mother introduced a disciplined regimen for the dogs; each was to have its own wicker basket, raised above the floor to avoid draughts.", "Queen Elizabeth's corgis __knowledge__ Meals were served for each dog in its own dish, the diet approved by veterinary experts with no titbits from the royal table.", "Queen Elizabeth's corgis __knowledge__ The corgis thus enjoy a privileged life at Buckingham Palace.", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The Pembroke Welsh Corgi (; Welsh for \"dwarf dog\") is a cattle herding dog breed which originated in Pembrokeshire, Wales.", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ It is one of two breeds known as a Welsh Corgi.", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The other is the Cardigan Welsh Corgi, and both descend from the line that is the northern spitz-type dog (examples include that of the Siberian Husky).", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ Another theory is that Pembrokes are descended from the Swedish Vallhunds, which were crossed with the local Welsh herding dogs.", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is the younger of the two Corgi breeds and is a separate and distinct breed from the Cardigan.", "Pembroke Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The corgi is one of the smallest dogs in the Herding Group.", "Cardigan Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The Cardigan Welsh Corgi is one of two separate dog breeds known as Welsh corgis that originated in Wales, predating the other breed, the Pembroke Welsh Corgi.", "Cardigan Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ It is one of the oldest breeds of the British Isles.", "Cardigan Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ Cardigan Welsh Corgis are known to be an extremely loyal dog breed.", "Cardigan Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ They are also versatile and can live in a variety of settings.", "Cardigan Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ However, they benefit from regular physical and mental stimulation.", "Cardigan Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ Pembrokes and Cardigans first appeared together in dog shows in 1925 when they were shown under the rules of The Kennel Club in Britain.", "Cardigan Welsh Corgi __knowledge__ The Corgi Club was founded in December, 1925 in Carmarthen in South Wales.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ \"Imagine\" is a song written and performed by English musician John Lennon.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ The best-selling single of his solo career, its lyrics encourage the listener to imagine a world at peace without the barriers of borders or the divisions of religion and nationality and to consider the possibility that the whole of humanity would live unattached to material possessions.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ Lennon and Yoko Ono co-produced the song and album of the same name with Phil Spector.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ Recording began at Lennon's home studio at Tittenhurst Park, England, in May 1971, with final overdubs taking place at the Record Plant, in New York City, during July.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Historically, an armourer is a person who makes personal armour, especially plate armour.", "Armourer __knowledge__ In modern terms, an armourer is a member of a military or police force who works in an armoury and maintains and repairs small arms and weapons systems, with some duties resembling those of a civilian gunsmith.", "Armourer __knowledge__ With the renewed interest in traditional armour and weaponry, the occupation also involves working with film, stage, and historical and reenactment societies.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Period costumes may require reproduction armour, swords, and related equipment.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Armourers are the oldest trade in the British Army and trace their heritage back several centuries.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ The Wedding procedure starts with the groom's side sending elders (Shimagle) who then request a union between the parties.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ The elders discuss a dowry (ጧሎሽ) and verify that the intended bride and groom are not relatives by checking their lineage a minimum of seven generations.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ After a dowry is agreed upon and it has been determined that there is no relationship between the intended bride and groom, the wedding is announced and the families begin preparations for a church/mosque ceremony and a mels/melsi ceremony.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ On the wedding day the groom and groomsmen (ሚዜ) get ready at the groom's house early in the morning and proceed to the bride's parents house to begin the wedding ceremonies.", "Philip Larkin __knowledge__ Philip Arthur Larkin (9 August 1922 – 2 December 1985) was an English poet, novelist and librarian.", "Philip Larkin __knowledge__ His first book of poetry, \"The North Ship\", was published in 1945, followed by two novels, \"Jill\" (1946) and \"A Girl in Winter\" (1947), and he came to prominence in 1955 with the publication of his second collection of poems, \"The Less Deceived\", followed by \"The Whitsun Weddings\" (1964) and \"High Windows\" (1974).", "Philip Larkin __knowledge__ He contributed to \"The Daily Telegraph\" as its jazz critic from 1961 to 1971, articles gathered in \"All What Jazz: A Record Diary 1961–71\" (1985), and he edited \"The Oxford Book of Twentieth Century English Verse\" (1973).", "Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton __knowledge__ The wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton took place on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey in London, United Kingdom.", "Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton __knowledge__ The groom, Prince William, is second in the line of succession to the British throne.", "Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton __knowledge__ The bride, Catherine \"Kate\" Middleton, had been his girlfriend since 2003.", "Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton __knowledge__ The Dean of Westminster, John Hall, presided at the service; the Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, conducted the marriage; Richard Chartres, the Bishop of London, preached the sermon; and a reading was given by the bride's brother, James.", "Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton __knowledge__ William's best man was his brother, Prince Harry, while the bride's sister, Pippa, was maid of honour.", "Norman Hartnell __knowledge__ Sir Norman Bishop Hartnell, KCVO (12 June 1901 – 8 June 1979) was a leading British fashion designer, best known for his work for the ladies of the Royal Family.", "Norman Hartnell __knowledge__ Hartnell gained the Royal Warrant as Dressmaker to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 1940; and Royal Warrant as Dressmaker to Queen Elizabeth II in 1957.", "Norman Hartnell __knowledge__ Hartnell is famous as the man who made London a viable twentieth century fashion centre during the inter-war years.", "Norman Hartnell __knowledge__ Born to an upwardly mobile family in Streatham, in southwest London, his parents were then publicans and owners of the prophetically named Crown & Sceptre, at the top of Streatham Hill.", "Wedding __knowledge__ A wedding is a ceremony where two people or a couple are united in marriage.", "Wedding __knowledge__ Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnic groups, religions, countries, and social classes.", "Wedding __knowledge__ Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of marriage vows by the couple, presentation of a gift (offering, ring(s), symbolic item, flowers, money), and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or celebrant.", "Wedding __knowledge__ Special wedding garments are often worn, and the ceremony is sometimes followed by a wedding reception.", "Wedding __knowledge__ Music, poetry, prayers or readings from religious texts or literature are also commonly incorporated into the ceremony." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ A page boy is a young male attendant at a wedding or cotillion.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ This type of wedding attendant is less common than it used to be, but is still a way of including young relatives or the children of relatives and friends in a wedding.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ A page is often seen at British royal weddings.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ There may be many pages for effect at cotillions.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Traditionally, page boys carry the bride's train, especially if the bride is wearing a dress with a long train.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Because of the difficulty of managing the train, page boys are generally no younger than age seven, with older boys being preferred for more complicated duties.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ In a formal wedding, the ring bearer is a special page who carries the wedding rings for the bridal party.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ This is almost always symbolic, with the ring bearer carrying a large white satin pillow on which imitation rings are sewn, while the real wedding bands are kept in the safekeeping of the best man.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ If the real rings are used, they are tacked on with thread to prevent their accidental loss.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Ring bearers are often young relatives or children of friends (usually male but can also be female) and are generally in the same age range as flower girls, which is to say that they are no younger than about five nor older than 10 although the age is up to the marrying couple.", "USS Cornubia (1858) __knowledge__ The SS \"Cornubia\" was laid down in November 1856 and built in Hayle, Cornwall, by Harvey & Co. She was launched in February 1858 as a packet ship and ferry for the Hayle and Bristol Steam Packet Company.", "USS Cornubia (1858) __knowledge__ Sleek and painted white, with two funnels mounted close together amidships and with a high bridge over her paddle wheels, she plied the Hayle/St Ives to Bristol route in the days when the Great Western Railway had not penetrated as far as West Cornwall.", "USS Cornubia (1858) __knowledge__ She was given the name \"Cornubia\" from the Latinised name for Cornwall and was a fast iron paddle steamer, long and narrow at long and with a beam.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ Gideon Johnson Pillow (June 8, 1806 – October 8, 1878) was an American lawyer, politician, speculator, slaveowner, United States Army major general of volunteers during the Mexican-American War and Confederate brigadier general in the American Civil War.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ Before his military career, Pillow practiced law and was active in Democratic Party politics.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ He supported the nomination of fellow-Tennessean James K. Polk at the 1844 Democratic National Convention.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ In 1847, Pillow was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers to serve in the Mexican-American War, and was later promoted to major general.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The dachshund ( or or ) is a short-legged, long-bodied, hound-type dog breed.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The standard size dachshund was developed to scent, chase, and flush out badgers and other burrow-dwelling animals, while the miniature dachshund was bred to hunt smaller prey such as rabbits.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ In the United States, they have also been used to track wounded deer and hunt prairie dogs.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ Dachshunds also participate in conformation shows, field trials and many other events organized through pure-bred dog organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC).", "Dachshund __knowledge__ According to the AKC, the dachshund is ranked in 13th place in popularity amongst dog breeds in the United States.", "Pillow __knowledge__ A pillow is used to sleep on and support the head/neck or other parts of the body while sleeping, lying down or sitting.", "Pillow __knowledge__ In addition, pillows have decorative uses and are used on beds, couches or chairs; these are also referred to as cushions.", "Pillow __knowledge__ In contemporary western culture, pillows consist of a plain or patterned fabric envelope (pillowcase) which contains a soft stuffing, which may range from down feathers to synthetic foam.", "Pillow __knowledge__ In other cultures, pillows have been made of wood or stone.", "Pillow __knowledge__ Bed pillows are typically covered with a cloth pillowcase.", "Pillow __knowledge__ Pillows used in a living room typically have a sturdy cloth cover.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ Pillow Pets are a brand of stuffed toys with Velcro straps that allow them to be changed from a decorated pillow into a stuffed animal.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ The toys are made from chenille.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ Invented by Jennifer Telfer in 2003, Pillow Pets first gained success when Telfer personally sold the toys near the Christmas season of that year.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ They would later become more successful through television advertising, where the company's famous slogan, \"It's a pillow, it's a pet, it's a Pillow Pet!\"", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ was in every ad.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ Pillow Pets have been used for charitable fund raising.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ In 2003, Jennifer Telfer was living in San Diego with her husband, Clint, and two sons.", "Jacob's Pillow Dance __knowledge__ Jacob's Pillow is a dance center, school and performance space located in Becket, Massachusetts, in the Berkshires.", "Jacob's Pillow Dance __knowledge__ The organization is known for the oldest internationally acclaimed Summer dance festival in the United States.", "Jacob's Pillow Dance __knowledge__ The facility also includes a professional school and extensive archives as well as year-round community programs.", "Jacob's Pillow Dance __knowledge__ The facility itself was listed as a National Historic Landmark District in 2003.", "Jacob's Pillow Dance __knowledge__ The Jacob’s Pillow mission is to support dance creation, presentation, education, and preservation; and to engage and deepen public appreciation and support for dance.", "Jacob's Pillow Dance __knowledge__ The site of Jacob's Pillow in Becket, Massachusetts was originally settled in 1790 by the Carter family.", "Canicattini Bagni __knowledge__ Canicattini Bagni (Sicilian: Janiattini) is a \"comune\" (municipality) in the Province of Syracuse, Sicily (Italy), located about southeast of Palermo and about southwest of Syracuse.", "Canicattini Bagni __knowledge__ As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,415 and an area of .", "Canicattini Bagni __knowledge__ Its name derives from the Arabic \"Ayn-at-tin\" ('muddy spring').", "Canicattini Bagni __knowledge__ The appositive \"Bagni\" ('baths' in Italian) does not indicate the presence of any thermal baths.", "Canicattini Bagni __knowledge__ Instead, it refers to the territory once belonging to the Danieli noblemen, lords of the Bagni fiefdom.", "Canicattini Bagni __knowledge__ Canicattini Bagni borders the following municipalities: Noto, Syracuse.", "Canicattini Bagni __knowledge__ AGNELLO G., Argenterie e bronzi, Siracusa 1948.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ A wedding ring or wedding band is a finger ring that indicates that its wearer is married.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ It is usually forged from metal, and traditionally is forged of gold or another precious metal.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ The earliest examples of wedding rings are from Ancient Egypt.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ Western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient Rome and Greece, and were transmitted to the present through Christendom in Europe, which adapted the ancient customs.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ Depending on culture, a wedding ring is typically worn on the base of the left or right ring finger.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ Many spouses wear their wedding rings day and night, causing an indentation in the skin that is visible even when the ring is removed.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ The Wedding procedure starts with the groom's side sending elders (Shimagle) who then request a union between the parties.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ The elders discuss a dowry (ጧሎሽ) and verify that the intended bride and groom are not relatives by checking their lineage a minimum of seven generations.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ After a dowry is agreed upon and it has been determined that there is no relationship between the intended bride and groom, the wedding is announced and the families begin preparations for a church/mosque ceremony and a mels/melsi ceremony.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ On the wedding day the groom and groomsmen (ሚዜ) get ready at the groom's house early in the morning and proceed to the bride's parents house to begin the wedding ceremonies.", "Wedding ring cushion __knowledge__ A wedding ring cushion or ring bearer pillow is a small pillow on which the wedding rings are carried in a traditional Western white wedding.", "Wedding ring cushion __knowledge__ They are frequently carried by a junior member of the bridal party known as the ringbearer frequently a younger male relative or friend.", "Wedding ring cushion __knowledge__ During the process the ring bearer carries the rings on the pillow down the aisle to the officiant.", "Wedding ring cushion __knowledge__ Wedding ring cushions are generally small, ornate pillows that reflect the wedding's colors or white silk pillows.", "Wedding ring cushion __knowledge__ In less traditional Western weddings they can be whimsical or thematic containers that reflect the couple's personal tastes.", "List of Green Lanterns __knowledge__ The Green Lantern Corps that appear in fictional stories published by DC Comics has at least 7200 members, two per sector (originally 3600 with one per sector), in addition to assorted other members who fulfill roles other than patrolling.", "List of Green Lanterns __knowledge__ Although seven characters—Alan Scott, Hal Jordan, Guy Gardner, John Stewart, Simon Baz, Kyle Rayner, and Jessica Cruz—are primarily associated with the name, a number of other members of the Corps have appeared in DC's comics.", "List of Green Lanterns __knowledge__ These seven characters are most closely associated with the \"Green Lantern\" name, and have been the title characters of \"Green Lantern\" comics.", "Lord of the Rings (board game) __knowledge__ Lord of the Rings is a board game based on the high fantasy trilogy \"The Lord of the Rings\" by J. R. R. Tolkien.", "Lord of the Rings (board game) __knowledge__ Published in 2000 by Kosmos in Germany, Wizards of the Coast in the U.S., and Parker Brothers in the U.K., the game is designed by Reiner Knizia and features artwork by illustrator John Howe.", "Lord of the Rings (board game) __knowledge__ It won a Spiel des Jahres special award for \"best use of literature in a game\" and in 2004 it won the Games Magazine Games 100 Honor in the Family Strategy category.", "Lord of the Rings (board game) __knowledge__ A slightly revised version was later published by Fantasy Flight Games.", "Lord of the Rings (board game) __knowledge__ The board game was highly unusual when it was published, because it is a cooperative board game — each player plays a hobbit in the party, and the party will succeed or fail as a group to destroy the One Ring, thus winning or losing the game.", "Marriage and wedding customs in the Philippines __knowledge__ Traditional marriage customs in the Philippines and Filipino wedding practices pertain to the characteristics of marriage and wedding traditions established and adhered by them Filipino men and women in the Philippines after a period of courtship and engagement.", "Marriage and wedding customs in the Philippines __knowledge__ These traditions extend to other countries around the world where Filipino communities exist.", "Marriage and wedding customs in the Philippines __knowledge__ \"Kasalan\" is the Filipino word for \"wedding\", while its root word – \"kasal\" – means \"marriage\".", "Marriage and wedding customs in the Philippines __knowledge__ The present-day character of marriages and weddings in the Philippines were primarily influenced by the permutation of Filipino, Christian, Catholic, Protestant, Chinese, Spanish, and American models." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ A page boy is a young male attendant at a wedding or cotillion.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ This type of wedding attendant is less common than it used to be, but is still a way of including young relatives or the children of relatives and friends in a wedding.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ A page is often seen at British royal weddings.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ There may be many pages for effect at cotillions.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Traditionally, page boys carry the bride's train, especially if the bride is wearing a dress with a long train.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Because of the difficulty of managing the train, page boys are generally no younger than age seven, with older boys being preferred for more complicated duties.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ In a formal wedding, the ring bearer is a special page who carries the wedding rings for the bridal party.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ This is almost always symbolic, with the ring bearer carrying a large white satin pillow on which imitation rings are sewn, while the real wedding bands are kept in the safekeeping of the best man.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ If the real rings are used, they are tacked on with thread to prevent their accidental loss.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Ring bearers are often young relatives or children of friends (usually male but can also be female) and are generally in the same age range as flower girls, which is to say that they are no younger than about five nor older than 10 although the age is up to the marrying couple.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2012 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ New characters were introduced by Bryan Kirkwood, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ He stepped down from the role in April.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ His last episode was on 13 July 2012.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ From 16 July, characters were introduced by his successor, Lorraine Newman.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was the undertaker, Les Coker.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first regular character to be announced was Ray Dixon, the father of Morgan Butcher, followed by Alice Branning, the daughter of Derek Branning and, Alice's brother, Joey.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ June 2012 also saw the first birth of the year: Janine Butcher and Michael Moon's daughter, Scarlett.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ \"Hollyoaks\" is a British television soap opera that was first broadcast on 23 October 1995.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appeared in the serial in 2015, by order of first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by executive producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Dylan Jenkins (James Fletcher) – the estranged son of established character Trevor Royle (Greg Wood), who made his first appearance in early January.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ Shortly following, in late January, was the younger sister of Porsche (Twinnie Lee Moore) and Celine McQueen (Sarah George), Cleo (Nadine Rose Mulkerrin).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "List of Oz characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the original sequel Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum, and in the later continued Oz series by his grandson Roger S. Baum, Ruth Plumly Thompson, John R. Neill, Jack Snow, Rachel Cosgrove Payes, Eloise Jarvis McGraw and Lauren McGraw, Dick Martin, Eric Shanower, and Sherwood Smith.", "List of Oz characters __knowledge__ Characters from Gregory Maguire's \"Wicked\" are not included, as his works, among others such as the work of March Laumer, are considered \"heretical\" in Baum scholarship (The term \"heretical\" was first applied to these books by Dr. Stephen J. Teller of Pittsburg State University in the Winter 1988 issue of \"The Baum Bugle\" and appears regularly in Oz fandom).", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 12 January 1999 on BBC One.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ The series was created by Tony McHale and Mal Young as a spin-off from the established BBC medical drama \"Casualty\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ It is set in the same hospital as \"Casualty\", Holby General, in the fictional city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with both \"Casualty\" (in episodes broadcast as \"Casualty@Holby City\") and the show's 2007 police procedural spin-off \"HolbyBlue\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" follows the professional and personal lives of surgeons, nurses, other medical and ancillary staff and patients at Holby General.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared, or returned, in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2014 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ All new characters in 2014 were introduced by Dominic Treadwell-Collins, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ Nancy Carter arrived in January with her fiancé, Wayne Ladlow, Stan Carter, Babe Smith and new market inspector, Aleks Shirovs.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ February saw Stacey Branning return with her daughter Lily and also her new boyfriend, Luke Riley, followed by Tosh Mackintosh.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ On 10 March, Charlie Cotton and on 4 April, Lee Carter.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ Donna Yates, a new market stallholder and Pam Coker, Les Coker's wife, both arrived on 14 April.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ A wedding ring or wedding band is a finger ring that indicates that its wearer is married.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ It is usually forged from metal, and traditionally is forged of gold or another precious metal.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ The earliest examples of wedding rings are from Ancient Egypt.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ Western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient Rome and Greece, and were transmitted to the present through Christendom in Europe, which adapted the ancient customs.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ Depending on culture, a wedding ring is typically worn on the base of the left or right ring finger.", "Wedding ring __knowledge__ Many spouses wear their wedding rings day and night, causing an indentation in the skin that is visible even when the ring is removed.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ The Wedding procedure starts with the groom's side sending elders (Shimagle) who then request a union between the parties.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ The elders discuss a dowry (ጧሎሽ) and verify that the intended bride and groom are not relatives by checking their lineage a minimum of seven generations.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ After a dowry is agreed upon and it has been determined that there is no relationship between the intended bride and groom, the wedding is announced and the families begin preparations for a church/mosque ceremony and a mels/melsi ceremony.", "Wedding customs by country __knowledge__ On the wedding day the groom and groomsmen (ሚዜ) get ready at the groom's house early in the morning and proceed to the bride's parents house to begin the wedding ceremonies.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Last of the Summer Wine characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters in the BBC sitcom Last of the Summer Wine.", "List of Last of the Summer Wine characters __knowledge__ The series focused primarily on a trio of old men and their interaction with other characters in the town.", "List of Last of the Summer Wine characters __knowledge__ Due to the longevity of the series it was often necessary to replace key characters due to an actor's death, illness, or unavailability for other reasons.", "List of Last of the Summer Wine characters __knowledge__ Many characters were first seen in \"one-off\" appearances and were popular enough or felt to have enough potential for them to be brought back as regulars, in some instances replacing previous members of the cast.", "List of Last of the Summer Wine characters __knowledge__ (1973–1975) The first \"third man\", and the most childishly argumentative and snobbish, Blamire was the contrast to Compo.", "Engagement ring __knowledge__ An engagement ring is a ring indicating that the person wearing it is engaged to be married, especially in Western cultures.", "Engagement ring __knowledge__ A ring is presented as an engagement gift by a partner to their prospective spouse when they propose marriage or directly after a marriage proposal is accepted.", "Engagement ring __knowledge__ It represents a formal agreement to future marriage.", "Engagement ring __knowledge__ In Western countries, engagement rings are worn mostly by women, and rings can feature diamonds or other gemstones.", "Engagement ring __knowledge__ In some cultures men and women wear matching rings, and engagement rings may also be used as wedding rings.", "Engagement ring __knowledge__ In Anglo-Saxon countries, the ring is customarily worn on the left hand ring finger, but customs vary considerably elsewhere across the world.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the 1994 television series \"Spider-Man.\"", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Peter Benjamin Parker (Christopher Daniel Barnes) is the main protagonist of the series.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ A one-time high school \"science geek\", Peter was the subject of much ridicule, especially at the hands of Flash Thompson.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ After his parents died in a plane crash, Peter lived with his Uncle Ben and Aunt May, who doted and worried endlessly about the reclusive boy suddenly placed in their midst.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ During a class field trip to see a demonstration of Neogenic radiation, carried on by Professor Farley Stillwell, a spider crawled into Stillwell's machine and became irradiated, biting Peter in the hand and granting him the proportionate abilities of a spider, including superhuman strength, durability, stamina, speed, agility, senses and a \"Spider-Sense\" that warned him of imminent danger." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ A page boy is a young male attendant at a wedding or cotillion.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ This type of wedding attendant is less common than it used to be, but is still a way of including young relatives or the children of relatives and friends in a wedding.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ A page is often seen at British royal weddings.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ There may be many pages for effect at cotillions.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Traditionally, page boys carry the bride's train, especially if the bride is wearing a dress with a long train.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Because of the difficulty of managing the train, page boys are generally no younger than age seven, with older boys being preferred for more complicated duties.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ In a formal wedding, the ring bearer is a special page who carries the wedding rings for the bridal party.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ This is almost always symbolic, with the ring bearer carrying a large white satin pillow on which imitation rings are sewn, while the real wedding bands are kept in the safekeeping of the best man.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ If the real rings are used, they are tacked on with thread to prevent their accidental loss.", "Page boy (wedding attendant) __knowledge__ Ring bearers are often young relatives or children of friends (usually male but can also be female) and are generally in the same age range as flower girls, which is to say that they are no younger than about five nor older than 10 although the age is up to the marrying couple.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "That's My Dog __knowledge__ That's My DOG!", "That's My Dog __knowledge__ is a television game show which aired on The Family Channel in the United States.", "That's My Dog __knowledge__ Two families and their dogs competed for prizes in games and stunts oriented toward the dogs.", "That's My Dog __knowledge__ It aired between September 1, 1991 and September 30, 1995 for a total of 100 episodes.", "That's My Dog __knowledge__ The host for the show's first two seasons was Steve Skrovan; he was replaced by Wil Shriner for the last two seasons.", "That's My Dog __knowledge__ Skrovan had two female assistants, Roxie Stice for the early season one episodes and Susan Pari for the later season one episodes and season two, during his stint on the show.", "That's My Dog __knowledge__ In season three, Wil didn't have an assistant, but during the show's fourth and final season, he was accompanied by a bull mastiff named 'Tiny', who showed signs bearing the name of the second event, wore a referee jersey for the Doggy Bowl event and brought medals for the dogs at the end of the show.", "Judy (dog) __knowledge__ Judy (1936 – 17 February 1950) was a ship's dog on board HMS \"Gnat\" and HMS \"Grasshopper\" stationed on the Yangtze before and during World War II.", "Judy (dog) __knowledge__ She proved able to hear incoming aircraft, providing the crew with an early warning.", "Judy (dog) __knowledge__ After part of the crew transferred from the \"Gnat\" to the \"Grasshopper\" in June 1939 the ship was sent to Singapore after the British declaration of war on Germany.", "Judy (dog) __knowledge__ There she was on board the ship during the Battle of Singapore, which saw \"Grasshopper\" evacuate for the Dutch East Indies.", "Judy (dog) __knowledge__ It was sunk en route, and Judy was nearly killed having been trapped by a falling row of lockers.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ Gideon Johnson Pillow (June 8, 1806 – October 8, 1878) was an American lawyer, politician, speculator, slaveowner, United States Army major general of volunteers during the Mexican-American War and Confederate brigadier general in the American Civil War.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ Before his military career, Pillow practiced law and was active in Democratic Party politics.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ He supported the nomination of fellow-Tennessean James K. Polk at the 1844 Democratic National Convention.", "Gideon Johnson Pillow __knowledge__ In 1847, Pillow was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers to serve in the Mexican-American War, and was later promoted to major general.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Bo ( — in Hebrew, the command form of \"go,\" or \"come,\" and the first significant word in the parashah, in ) is the fifteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Exodus.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah tells of the last three plagues on Egypt and the first Passover.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 6,149 Hebrew letters, 1,655 Hebrew words, and 106 verses, and can occupy about 207 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Jews read it the fifteenth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in January or early February.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ As the parashah describes the first Passover, Jews also read part of the parashah, as the initial Torah reading for the first day of Passover, and another part, as the initial Torah reading for the first intermediate day (\"Chol HaMoed\") of Passover.", "Battle of Fort Donelson __knowledge__ The Battle of Fort Donelson was fought from February 12–16, 1862, in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.", "Battle of Fort Donelson __knowledge__ The Union capture of the Confederate fort near the Tennessee–Kentucky border opened the Cumberland River, an important avenue for the invasion of the South.", "Battle of Fort Donelson __knowledge__ The Union's success also elevated Brig.", "Battle of Fort Donelson __knowledge__ Gen. Ulysses S. Grant from an obscure and largely unproven leader to the rank of major general, and earned him the nickname of \"Unconditional Surrender\" Grant.", "Battle of Fort Donelson __knowledge__ Grant moved his army overland to Fort Donelson on February 12 and 13 and conducted several small probing attacks.", "Battle of Fort Donelson __knowledge__ (Although the name was not yet in use, the troops serving under Grant were the nucleus of the Union's Army of the Tennessee.)", "Tangled Ever After __knowledge__ Tangled Ever After is a 2012 American computer animated short film directed by Nathan Greno and Byron Howard.", "Tangled Ever After __knowledge__ It is a sequel to the 2010 Walt Disney Animation Studios film \"Tangled\".", "Tangled Ever After __knowledge__ It premiered in theaters on January 13, 2012, before the 3D theatrical re-release of \"Beauty and the Beast\" and on Disney Channel followed by the premiere of \"The Princess and the Frog\" on March 23, 2012.", "Tangled Ever After __knowledge__ The short was later, in Fall 2012, included as a bonus feature on the Diamond Edition of \"Cinderella\", and was also released three years later, on the \"Walt Disney Animation Studios Short Films Collection\" Blu-ray on August 18, 2015.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The Thief and the Cobbler is an animated fantasy film directed, co-written and co-produced by Canadian animator Richard Williams.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The film is known for its long, troubled history.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Due to independent funding and complex animation, \"The Thief and the Cobbler\" was in and out of production for over three decades.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ It was finally placed into full production in 1988 when Warner Bros. agreed to finance and distribute the film.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Negotiations broke down when production went over budget and behind schedule.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Warner Bros. pulled out and a completion bond company assumed control of the film.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The film was re-edited and re-structured by producer Fred Calvert without Williams' involvement, and released in Australia and South Africa as The Princess and the Cobbler in 1993; two years later, Miramax Films, at the time a subsidiary of Disney, released an even more heavily edited version of the film in North America under the title Arabian Knight.", "Pillow __knowledge__ A pillow is used to sleep on and support the head/neck or other parts of the body while sleeping, lying down or sitting.", "Pillow __knowledge__ In addition, pillows have decorative uses and are used on beds, couches or chairs; these are also referred to as cushions.", "Pillow __knowledge__ In contemporary western culture, pillows consist of a plain or patterned fabric envelope (pillowcase) which contains a soft stuffing, which may range from down feathers to synthetic foam.", "Pillow __knowledge__ In other cultures, pillows have been made of wood or stone.", "Pillow __knowledge__ Bed pillows are typically covered with a cloth pillowcase.", "Pillow __knowledge__ Pillows used in a living room typically have a sturdy cloth cover.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ Pillow Pets are a brand of stuffed toys with Velcro straps that allow them to be changed from a decorated pillow into a stuffed animal.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ The toys are made from chenille.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ Invented by Jennifer Telfer in 2003, Pillow Pets first gained success when Telfer personally sold the toys near the Christmas season of that year.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ They would later become more successful through television advertising, where the company's famous slogan, \"It's a pillow, it's a pet, it's a Pillow Pet!\"", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ was in every ad.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ Pillow Pets have been used for charitable fund raising.", "Pillow Pets __knowledge__ In 2003, Jennifer Telfer was living in San Diego with her husband, Clint, and two sons.", "List of American Pie characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the film series \"American Pie\" consisting of \"American Pie\" (1999), \"American Pie 2\" (2001), \"American Wedding\" (2003), \"\" (2005), \"\" (2006), \"\" (2007), \"\" (2009), and \"American Reunion\" (2012).", "List of American Pie characters __knowledge__ Only one character, Noah Levenstein played by Eugene Levy, has appeared in all eight released films.", "List of American Pie characters __knowledge__ Biggs, Hannigan, Scott, Nicholas, Thomas, Coolidge, Cho, Isfield, Cheek, and Owen all play their characters in four films each; other characters appear in fewer films.", "List of American Pie characters __knowledge__ Noah Levenstein, also known as \"Jim's dad\", is the only character to appear in all eight films to date." ] ]

[ 3, 7, 8, 9, 5 ]

[ "I was reading about how that is a thing the British Royal does at weddings", "Well is a formal wedding the ring bearer is a special page who carries the rings on a pillow.", "That would be cute, the pillow is almost always symbolic and most commonly white. The wedding rings are kept in safe keeping for the best man.", "Well if you do use your dog you should tack the rings to the pillow. That was he doesn't accidentally lose them.", "Yeah that would not be good. Another thing pages do is carry the brides train. But I dont think you would want a small dog doing that ." ]

[ "Page boy (wedding attendant)", "Page boy (wedding attendant)", "Page boy (wedding attendant)", "Page boy (wedding attendant)", "Page boy (wedding attendant)" ]

[ "Spaghetti with meatballs\nOne of my favorite dishes is spaghetti with meatballs. Do you like that too? ", "What kind of sauce do you use if there is no tomatoes? ", "Yes, do you also like other spaghetti variations? Like spaghetti carbonara? ", "Do you like Spaghetti aglio e olio? ", "No I never knew that. I need to look that up. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Spaghetti with meatballs (or spaghetti and meatballs) is an American dish consisting of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ It is widely believed that spaghetti with meatballs was an innovation of early 20th-century Italian immigrants in New York City; the National Pasta Association (originally named the National Macaroni Manufacturers Association) is said to be the first organization to publish a recipe for it, in the 1920s.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Italian writers often mock the dish as pseudo-Italian or non-Italian because, in Italy, meatballs are served only with egg-based baked pasta and are smaller.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ However, various kinds of pasta with meat are part of the culinary tradition of the Abruzzo, Apulia, Sicily, and other parts of southern Italy.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ A recipe for rigatoni with meatballs is in \"Il cucchiaio d'argento\" (\"The Silver Spoon\"), a comprehensive Italian cookbook known as the \"bible\" of Italian Cooking.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Other dishes that have similarities to spaghetti and meatballs include \"pasta seduta\" 'seated pasta' and \"maccaroni azzese\" in Apulia.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Some baked pasta dishes from Apulia combine pasta and meat where meatballs, mortadella, or salami are baked with rigatoni, tomato sauce, and mozzarella, then covered with a pastry top.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Spaghetti Western and Meatballs __knowledge__ \"Spaghetti Western and Meatballs\" is the ninth episode of the first season of the animated television series \"Bob's Burgers\".", "Spaghetti Western and Meatballs __knowledge__ The episode originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 27, 2011.", "Spaghetti Western and Meatballs __knowledge__ The episode was written by Kit Boss and directed by Wes Archer.", "Spaghetti Western and Meatballs __knowledge__ According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed by 4.65 million viewers in its original airing.", "Spaghetti Western and Meatballs __knowledge__ The episode featured guest performances by David Herman, Andy Kindler, Larry Murphy and Brian Posehn.", "Spaghetti Western and Meatballs __knowledge__ Bob and Louise channel-surf through their usual \"Burn Unit\" TV-critique game late one night until Bob's favorite spaghetti western movie, \"Banjo,\" comes on.", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Neapolitan cuisine has ancient historical roots that date back to the Greco-Roman period, which was enriched over the centuries by the influence of the different cultures that controlled Naples and its kingdoms, such as that of Aragon and France.", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Since Naples was the capital of the Kingdom of Naples, its cuisine took much from the culinary traditions of all the Campania region, reaching a balance between dishes based on rural ingredients (pasta, vegetables, cheese) and seafood dishes (fish, crustaceans, mollusks).", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ A vast variety of recipes is influenced by the local aristocratic cuisine, such as \"timballo\" and the \"\", pasta or rice dishes with very elaborate preparation, and dishes from popular traditions prepared with inexpensive but nutritionally healthy ingredients, like \"pasta e fagioli\" (pasta with beans) and other pasta dishes with vegetables.", "Flying Spaghetti Monster __knowledge__ The Flying Spaghetti Monster (FSM) is the deity of the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, or Pastafarianism.", "Flying Spaghetti Monster __knowledge__ Pastafarianism (a portmanteau of pasta and Rastafarianism) is a social movement that promotes a light-hearted view of religion and opposes the teaching of intelligent design and creationism in public schools.", "Flying Spaghetti Monster __knowledge__ According to adherents, Pastafarianism is a \"real, legitimate religion, as much as any other\".", "Flying Spaghetti Monster __knowledge__ It is legally recognized as a religion in the Netherlands and New Zealand – where Pastafarian representatives have been authorized to celebrate weddings and where the first legally recognized Pastafarian wedding was performed in April 2016." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Spaghetti with meatballs (or spaghetti and meatballs) is an American dish consisting of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ It is widely believed that spaghetti with meatballs was an innovation of early 20th-century Italian immigrants in New York City; the National Pasta Association (originally named the National Macaroni Manufacturers Association) is said to be the first organization to publish a recipe for it, in the 1920s.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Italian writers often mock the dish as pseudo-Italian or non-Italian because, in Italy, meatballs are served only with egg-based baked pasta and are smaller.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ However, various kinds of pasta with meat are part of the culinary tradition of the Abruzzo, Apulia, Sicily, and other parts of southern Italy.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ A recipe for rigatoni with meatballs is in \"Il cucchiaio d'argento\" (\"The Silver Spoon\"), a comprehensive Italian cookbook known as the \"bible\" of Italian Cooking.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Other dishes that have similarities to spaghetti and meatballs include \"pasta seduta\" 'seated pasta' and \"maccaroni azzese\" in Apulia.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Some baked pasta dishes from Apulia combine pasta and meat where meatballs, mortadella, or salami are baked with rigatoni, tomato sauce, and mozzarella, then covered with a pastry top.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and referred to in Italy as Salsa di pomodoro) refers to any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish (rather than as a condiment).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as sauces for pasta dishes.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomatoes have a rich flavor, high liquid content, very soft flesh which breaks down easily, and the right composition to thicken into a sauce when they are cooked (without the need of thickeners such as roux).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ All of these qualities make them ideal for simple and appealing sauces.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Ketchup (formerly catsup) is a condiment.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Traditionally, recipes used egg whites, mushrooms, oysters, mussels, or walnuts, among other ingredients, but in modern times the unmodified term usually refers to \"tomato ketchup\".", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Ketchup is a sweet and tangy sauce typically made from tomatoes, sweetener, and vinegar, with assorted seasonings and spices.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ The latter vary by recipe, but commonly include onions, allspice, coriander, cloves, cumin, garlic, mustard and sometimes celery, cinnamon or ginger.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ The market leader in the United States (60% market share) and United Kingdom (82%) is Heinz.", "Ketchup __knowledge__ Hunt's has the second biggest share of the US market with less than 20%.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Breaded cutlet __knowledge__ Breaded cutlet is a dish made from coating a cutlet of meat with breading or batter and either frying or baking it.", "Breaded cutlet __knowledge__ Breaded cutlet is known as schnitzel in German-speaking countries, cotoletta or scaloppine in Italy, escalope in France, \"filete empanado\" in Spain, milanesa in Latin America, katsu in Japan and Korea, and kotlet in Poland.", "Breaded cutlet __knowledge__ Chicken fingers or chicken tenders are an American dish prepared by breading and deep frying the pectoralis minor muscle of the chicken, which is the smaller cut of the chicken breast located along its underside, attached to the ribs.", "Breaded cutlet __knowledge__ Chicken fried steak (also known as country fried steak) is an American breaded cutlet dish that may have originated with German and Austrian immigrants to Texas in the 19th century.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Spaghetti with meatballs (or spaghetti and meatballs) is an American dish consisting of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ It is widely believed that spaghetti with meatballs was an innovation of early 20th-century Italian immigrants in New York City; the National Pasta Association (originally named the National Macaroni Manufacturers Association) is said to be the first organization to publish a recipe for it, in the 1920s.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Italian writers often mock the dish as pseudo-Italian or non-Italian because, in Italy, meatballs are served only with egg-based baked pasta and are smaller.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ However, various kinds of pasta with meat are part of the culinary tradition of the Abruzzo, Apulia, Sicily, and other parts of southern Italy.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ A recipe for rigatoni with meatballs is in \"Il cucchiaio d'argento\" (\"The Silver Spoon\"), a comprehensive Italian cookbook known as the \"bible\" of Italian Cooking.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Other dishes that have similarities to spaghetti and meatballs include \"pasta seduta\" 'seated pasta' and \"maccaroni azzese\" in Apulia.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Some baked pasta dishes from Apulia combine pasta and meat where meatballs, mortadella, or salami are baked with rigatoni, tomato sauce, and mozzarella, then covered with a pastry top.", "Spaghetti __knowledge__ Spaghetti () is a long, thin, solid, cylindrical pasta.", "Spaghetti __knowledge__ \"Spaghettoni\" is a thicker form of spaghetti, while \"capellini\" is a very thin spaghetti.", "Spaghetti __knowledge__ It is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine.", "Spaghetti __knowledge__ Like other pasta, spaghetti is made of milled wheat and water and sometimes enriched with vitamins and minerals.", "Spaghetti __knowledge__ Authentic Italian spaghetti is made from durum wheat semolina, but elsewhere it may be made with other kinds of flour.", "Spaghetti __knowledge__ Typically the pasta is white because refined flour is used, but whole wheat flour may be added.", "Spaghetti __knowledge__ Originally, spaghetti was notably long, but shorter lengths gained in popularity during the latter half of the 20th century and now it is most commonly available in lengths.", "Flying Spaghetti Monster __knowledge__ The Flying Spaghetti Monster (FSM) is the deity of the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, or Pastafarianism.", "Flying Spaghetti Monster __knowledge__ Pastafarianism (a portmanteau of pasta and Rastafarianism) is a social movement that promotes a light-hearted view of religion and opposes the teaching of intelligent design and creationism in public schools.", "Flying Spaghetti Monster __knowledge__ According to adherents, Pastafarianism is a \"real, legitimate religion, as much as any other\".", "Flying Spaghetti Monster __knowledge__ It is legally recognized as a religion in the Netherlands and New Zealand – where Pastafarian representatives have been authorized to celebrate weddings and where the first legally recognized Pastafarian wedding was performed in April 2016.", "Spaghetti Western __knowledge__ Spaghetti Western, also known as Italian Western or Macaroni Western (primarily in Japan), is a broad subgenre of Western films that emerged in the mid-1960s in the wake of Sergio Leone's film-making style and international box-office success.", "Spaghetti Western __knowledge__ The term was used by American critics and other countries because most of these Westerns were produced and directed by Italians.", "Spaghetti Western __knowledge__ According to veteran Spaghetti Western actor Aldo Sambrell, the phrase 'Spaghetti Western' was coined by Spanish journalist Alfonso Sánchez.", "Spaghetti Western __knowledge__ The denomination for these films in Italy is western all'italiana (Italian-style Western).", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Spaghetti code __knowledge__ Spaghetti code is a pejorative phrase for source code that has a complex and tangled control structure, especially one using many GOTO statements, exceptions, threads, or other \"unstructured\" branching constructs.", "Spaghetti code __knowledge__ It is named such because program flow is conceptually like a bowl of spaghetti, i.e.", "Spaghetti code __knowledge__ twisted and tangled.", "Spaghetti code __knowledge__ Spaghetti code can be caused by several factors, such as continuous modifications by several people with different programming styles over a long life cycle.", "Spaghetti code __knowledge__ Structured programming greatly decreases the incidence of spaghetti code.", "Spaghetti code __knowledge__ An early reference that contributed to the term in 1968 was a letter by Edsger Dijkstra to the \"Communications of the ACM\", published under the title \"Go to statement considered harmful\".", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Men Are Like Waffles — Women Are Like Spaghetti __knowledge__ Men Are Like Waffles — Women Are Like Spaghetti is a 2001 book written by Bill and Pam Farrell, co-directors and founders of relationship counseling organization Masterful Living.", "Men Are Like Waffles — Women Are Like Spaghetti __knowledge__ It is based on an analogy comparing men to waffles and women to spaghetti.", "Men Are Like Waffles — Women Are Like Spaghetti __knowledge__ In this analogy, the walled boxes that together constitute waffles symbolize men's psychological compartmentalization while the overlapping nature of spaghetti symbolizes women's favoring of psychological interconnectedness.", "Men Are Like Waffles — Women Are Like Spaghetti __knowledge__ Cordelia Fine criticized the book's title as being something a child would make up, and argued against the Farrells' premise that there are inherent sex differences in human psychology.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans ( or \"italo-americani\" ) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have full or majority-ancestry from Italy.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans are the fourth largest white ethnic group in the United States (not including American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German American, African American, Irish American, Mexican American, English American, and American).. About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Immigration began to increase during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated (1870–79: 46,296) than during the five previous decades combined (1820–69: 22,627).", "Olive oil __knowledge__ Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained from olives (the fruit of \"Olea europaea\"; family Oleaceae), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin.", "Olive oil __knowledge__ The oil is produced by pressing whole olives.", "Olive oil __knowledge__ It is commonly used in cooking, whether for frying or as a salad dressing.", "Olive oil __knowledge__ It is also used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps, and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps, and has additional uses in some religions.", "Olive oil __knowledge__ There is limited evidence of its possible health benefits.", "Olive oil __knowledge__ The olive is one of three core food plants in Mediterranean cuisine; the other two are wheat and grapes.", "Olive oil __knowledge__ Olive trees have been grown around the Mediterranean since the 8th millennium BC.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Italian Brazilians __knowledge__ Italian Brazilians (, ) are Brazilian citizens of full or partial Italian descent.", "Italian Brazilians __knowledge__ There are no official numbers about how many Brazilians have Italian ancestry, as the national census conducted by IBGE does not ask the ancestry of the Brazilian people.", "Italian Brazilians __knowledge__ In the last census to ask about ancestry, from 1940, 1,260,931 Brazilians said to be the child of an Italian father, while 1,069,862 said to be the child of an Italian mother.", "Italian Brazilians __knowledge__ Italians were 285,000 and naturalized Brazilians, 40,000.", "Italian Brazilians __knowledge__ Therefore, Italians and their children were just over 3.8% of Brazil's population in 1940.", "Italian Brazilians __knowledge__ A 1999 survey, conducted by the sociologist, former president of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Simon Schwartzman, indicated that 10.5% of Brazilian respondents claimed to have Italian ancestry; hence they would make up around 20 million descendants in a national population of 200 million.", "Olive oil regulation and adulteration __knowledge__ Olive oil regulation and adulteration are complex issues overseen and studied by various governmental bodies, non-governmental organizations, and private researchers across the world.", "Olive oil regulation and adulteration __knowledge__ The International Olive Council (IOC) is an intergovernmental organization based in Madrid, Spain, with 16 member states plus the European Union.", "Olive oil regulation and adulteration __knowledge__ It promotes olive oil around the world by tracking production, defining quality standards, and monitoring authenticity.", "Olive oil regulation and adulteration __knowledge__ More than 98 percent of the world's olives are grown in IOC member nations.", "Olive oil regulation and adulteration __knowledge__ The United States is not a member of the IOC, and the US Department of Agriculture does not legally recognize its classifications (such as extra-virgin olive oil).", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Ancient Israelite cuisine refers to the food eaten by the ancient Israelites during a period of over a thousand years, from the beginning of the Israelite presence in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the Iron Age until the Roman period.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ The dietary staples were bread, wine and olive oil, but also included legumes, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish and meat.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Religious beliefs, which prohibited the consumption of certain foods, shaped the Israelite diet.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ There was considerable continuity in the main components of the diet over time, despite the introduction of new foodstuffs at various stages." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Spaghetti with meatballs (or spaghetti and meatballs) is an American dish consisting of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ It is widely believed that spaghetti with meatballs was an innovation of early 20th-century Italian immigrants in New York City; the National Pasta Association (originally named the National Macaroni Manufacturers Association) is said to be the first organization to publish a recipe for it, in the 1920s.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Italian writers often mock the dish as pseudo-Italian or non-Italian because, in Italy, meatballs are served only with egg-based baked pasta and are smaller.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ However, various kinds of pasta with meat are part of the culinary tradition of the Abruzzo, Apulia, Sicily, and other parts of southern Italy.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ A recipe for rigatoni with meatballs is in \"Il cucchiaio d'argento\" (\"The Silver Spoon\"), a comprehensive Italian cookbook known as the \"bible\" of Italian Cooking.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Other dishes that have similarities to spaghetti and meatballs include \"pasta seduta\" 'seated pasta' and \"maccaroni azzese\" in Apulia.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Some baked pasta dishes from Apulia combine pasta and meat where meatballs, mortadella, or salami are baked with rigatoni, tomato sauce, and mozzarella, then covered with a pastry top.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ Aglio e Olio is an Extended play by the Beastie Boys, released in 1995.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ The album showcases a return to the band's punk rock roots.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ The EP was released after the band realized that it had written too many hardcore punk songs for its next record.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ Michael \"Mike D\" Diamond later said, \"When we first started working on \"Hello Nasty\" in New York, Awol was around helping us get set up.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ Along with the usual bunch of experimental jamming/sampling etc., we started playing a bunch of hardcore, putting song arrangements together really quickly.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ Then I started writing vocals.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ Soon we realized that we had way too many hardcore songs to possibly put on the next album, so we decided to release them all together as an EP.\"", "Spaghetti aglio e olio __knowledge__ Spaghetti aglio e olio (; \"spaghetti with garlic and oil\" in Italian) is a traditional Italian pasta dish coming from Naples.", "Spaghetti aglio e olio __knowledge__ The dish is made by lightly sauteeing sliced, minced, or pressed garlic in olive oil, sometimes with the addition of dried red chili flakes, and tossing with spaghetti.", "Spaghetti aglio e olio __knowledge__ Finely chopped parsley can also be added as a garnish, along with grated parmesan or pecorino cheese, although according to some traditional recipes, cheese should not be added.", "Spaghetti aglio e olio __knowledge__ Many New York Italian-Americans refer to the dish as \"alla-ul\" due to the influence of Southern Italian pronunciation in the area.", "Jun Sung Ahn __knowledge__ Jun Sung Ahn or Ahn Jun-sung (; born February 18, 1993), better known by his stage name Jun Curry Ahn, is a Korean-American musician, YouTube video producer and member of BgA.", "Jun Sung Ahn __knowledge__ He is a classically trained violinist who is known for his 2012 violin and dance cover performance of Psy's Gangnam Style on his YouTube channel and other K-pop and pop music covers.", "Jun Sung Ahn __knowledge__ Ahn was born in South Korea and moved to West Windsor, New Jersey in the third grade of elementary school.", "Jun Sung Ahn __knowledge__ He started playing classical violin in fifth grade, performing in competitions and recitals.", "Jun Sung Ahn __knowledge__ He said he chose the violin because it was versatile and its sounds and characteristics matched his personality.", "Peperoncino __knowledge__ \"For the dish with a similar name in Japanese culture, see Spaghetti aglio e olio\" Peperoncino (; plural peperoncini ; sometimes spelled pepperoncino and pepperoncini in English) is the generic Italian name for hot chili peppers, specifically the cultivars of the species \"Capsicum annuum\" and \"Capsicum frutescens\".", "Peperoncino __knowledge__ The sweet pepper is called \"peperone\" (plural \"peperoni\") in Italian.", "Peperoncino __knowledge__ The peperoncino probably came to Italy in the early 16th century, after Columbus had taken samples from the New World to Europe in 1492.", "Peperoncino __knowledge__ Like the tomato, the peperoncino was first considered a decorative and possibly poisonous plant before it was adopted into Italian cuisine.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Fellini: I'm a Born Liar __knowledge__ Fellini: I'm a Born Liar () is a 2002 French documentary film written and directed by Damian Pettigrew.", "Fellini: I'm a Born Liar __knowledge__ Based on Federico Fellini's last confessions filmed by Pettigrew in Rome in 1991 and 1992 (Fellini died in 1993), the film eschews straightforward biography to highlight the Italian director's unorthodox working methods, conscience, and philosophy.", "Fellini: I'm a Born Liar __knowledge__ A masterclass in cinema aesthetics, the feature documentary uses excerpts and behind-the-scenes from \"8½\", \"Juliet of the Spirits\", \"Histoires extraordinaires\", \"Fellini Satyricon\", \"Amarcord\", \"Fellini's Casanova\", \"And the Ship Sails On\", and \"City of Women\".", "Roy Cormier __knowledge__ Roy Cormier is an American record producer, talent manager, and entrepreneur .", "Roy Cormier __knowledge__ Born in Brooklyn, New York Cormier began promoting local parties and concerts in the early 1980s featuring artists like The Fearless Four, Run DMC and Whodini.", "Roy Cormier __knowledge__ He gained the attention of music mogul Russell Simmons who invited Cormier to be part of his newly formed management company, Rush Communications.", "Roy Cormier __knowledge__ Along with LL Cool J, Fresh Prince a.k.a.", "Roy Cormier __knowledge__ Will Smith & DJ Jazzy Jeff, Beastie Boys, and Public Enemy, Cormier worked closely with group Whodini, the first rap group to go platinum and to tour Europe extensively, as their road manager.", "Gluten __knowledge__ Gluten (from Latin \"gluten\", \"glue\") is a composite of storage proteins termed prolamins and glutelins and stored together with starch in the endosperm (which nourishes the embryonic plant during germination) of various cereal (grass) grains.", "Gluten __knowledge__ It is found in wheat, barley, rye, oat, related species and hybrids (such as spelt, khorasan, emmer, einkorn, triticale, kamut, etc.)", "Gluten __knowledge__ and products of these (such as malt).", "Gluten __knowledge__ Glutens, and most especially the Triticeae glutens, are appreciated for their viscoelastic properties.", "Gluten __knowledge__ It gives elasticity to dough, helping it rise and keep its shape and often gives the final product a chewy texture.", "Wheat __knowledge__ Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food.", "Wheat __knowledge__ There are many species of wheat which together make up the genus Triticum; the most widely grown is common wheat (\"T. aestivum\").", "Wheat __knowledge__ The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BCE.", "Wheat __knowledge__ Botanically, the wheat kernel is a type of fruit called a caryopsis.", "Wheat __knowledge__ Wheat is grown on more land area than any other food crop (220.4 million hectares, 2014).", "Wheat __knowledge__ World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined.", "Wheat __knowledge__ In 2016, world production of wheat was 749 million tonnes, making it the second most-produced cereal after maize.", "Gluten-free diet __knowledge__ A gluten-free diet (GFD) is a diet that strictly excludes gluten, a mixture of proteins found in wheat and related grains, including barley, rye, oat, and all their species and hybrids (such as spelt, kamut, and triticale).", "Gluten-free diet __knowledge__ The inclusion of oats in a gluten-free diet remains controversial, and may depend on the oat cultivar and the frequent cross-contamination with other gluten-containing cereals.", "Gluten-free diet __knowledge__ Gluten causes health problems for those with gluten-related disorders, including celiac disease (CD), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), gluten ataxia, dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), and wheat allergy.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ Coeliac disease, also spelled celiac disease, is a long-term autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the small intestine that occurs in people who are genetically predisposed.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distention, malabsorption, loss of appetite, and among children failure to grow normally.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ This often begins between six months and two years of age.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ Non-classic symptoms are more common, especially in people older than two years.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ There may be mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms, a wide number of symptoms involving any part of the body, or no obvious symptoms.", "Wheat gluten (food) __knowledge__ Wheat gluten is a food made from gluten, the main protein of wheat.", "Wheat gluten (food) __knowledge__ It is made by washing wheat flour dough with water until all the starch granules have been removed, leaving the sticky insoluble gluten as an elastic mass which is then cooked before being eaten.", "Wheat gluten (food) __knowledge__ Wheat gluten is also called seitan (, ; Japanese: セイタン), mianjin (Chinese: 麵筋), wheat meat, gluten meat, or simply gluten.", "Wheat gluten (food) __knowledge__ Wheat gluten is an alternative to soybean-based foods such as tofu, which are sometimes used as meat substitutes.", "Wheat gluten (food) __knowledge__ Some types of wheat gluten have a chewy or stringy texture that resembles meat more than other substitutes.", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity __knowledge__ Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) or gluten sensitivity is defined as \"a clinical entity induced by the ingestion of gluten leading to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms that improve once the gluten-containing foodstuff is removed from the diet, and celiac disease and wheat allergy have been excluded\".", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity __knowledge__ NCGS is included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders.", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity __knowledge__ The definition and diagnostic criteria of non-celiac gluten sensitivity were debated and established by three consensus conferences.", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity __knowledge__ The pathogenesis of NCGS is not yet well understood.", "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity __knowledge__ There is evidence that not only gliadin (main cytotoxic antigen of gluten), but also other proteins present in gluten and gluten-containing cereals (wheat, rye, barley, and their derivatives) may have a role in the development of symptoms." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Spaghetti with meatballs (or spaghetti and meatballs) is an American dish consisting of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ It is widely believed that spaghetti with meatballs was an innovation of early 20th-century Italian immigrants in New York City; the National Pasta Association (originally named the National Macaroni Manufacturers Association) is said to be the first organization to publish a recipe for it, in the 1920s.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Italian writers often mock the dish as pseudo-Italian or non-Italian because, in Italy, meatballs are served only with egg-based baked pasta and are smaller.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ However, various kinds of pasta with meat are part of the culinary tradition of the Abruzzo, Apulia, Sicily, and other parts of southern Italy.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ A recipe for rigatoni with meatballs is in \"Il cucchiaio d'argento\" (\"The Silver Spoon\"), a comprehensive Italian cookbook known as the \"bible\" of Italian Cooking.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Other dishes that have similarities to spaghetti and meatballs include \"pasta seduta\" 'seated pasta' and \"maccaroni azzese\" in Apulia.", "Spaghetti with meatballs __knowledge__ Some baked pasta dishes from Apulia combine pasta and meat where meatballs, mortadella, or salami are baked with rigatoni, tomato sauce, and mozzarella, then covered with a pastry top.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ I Never Knew You is the second extended play by American rapper Cage.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ Released by Adult Swim and Definitive Jux, the EP was released to promote Cage's album \"Depart from Me\" and the first music video from that album, \"I Never Knew You\", and contained four exclusive tracks.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The title track, \"I Never Knew You\", appeared on the album \"Depart from Me\".", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ \"I Never Knew You\" was initially released as a free digital download, but has since been released through digital stores.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The EP was released in conjunction with the release of a music video for \"I Never Knew You\" directed by Shia LaBeouf.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The video features actor Dan Byrd following a woman played by Scarlett Kapella.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) __knowledge__ I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) is the twenty fourth studio album by American country music artist, Connie Smith.", "I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) __knowledge__ The album was released in August 1974 on Columbia Records and was produced by Ray Baker.", "I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) __knowledge__ The title track became the album's lead single.", "I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) __knowledge__ \"I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before)\" contained eleven tracks (as did her past three albums for the Columbia label), including cover versions of Harlan Howard's \"The Key's in the Mailbox\" and Tom T. Hall's \"Never Having You.\"", "I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) __knowledge__ The album was recorded at the Columbia Recording Studio in Nashville, Tennessee in 1974 and was her second and final album that was released that year.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ As the World Turns is a long-running soap opera television series that aired on CBS from April 2, 1956, to September 17, 2010.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ Its fictional world has a long and involved history.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ List of characters who were part of the original cast: Like many daytime dramas of the period, the show entered into a mixed experiment with heavily youth-oriented action-adventure storylines in the early 1980s under producer Mary-Ellis Bunim and writers Bridget and Jerome Dobson.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ One of their juiciest stories centered around the various and sundry traumas endured by Jennifer's daughter Barbara Ryan (Colleen Zenk Pinter) - during the years of her marriage to the charismatic criminal James Stenbeck (Anthony Herrera) (This was after she had left Tom Hughes at the altar in June 1980).", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Specimens of Middle Cornish texts are given here in Cornish and English.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Both texts have been dated within the period 1370-1410 and the \"Charter Fragment\" is given in two Cornish orthographies.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ (Earlier examples of written Cornish exist but these are the first in continuous prose or verse.)", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ It was not until the reign of Athelstan that the Cornish kings became subject to the rulers of Wessex: even so the border was established irrevocably on the east bank on the Tamar and in ecclesiastical matters Cornwall was added to the territory of the Bishops of Sherborne.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Under Canute it ceased to be subject to the King of England and only later, at an unknown date in Edward the Confessor's reign was annexed again.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ Aglio e Olio is an Extended play by the Beastie Boys, released in 1995.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ The album showcases a return to the band's punk rock roots.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ The EP was released after the band realized that it had written too many hardcore punk songs for its next record.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ Michael \"Mike D\" Diamond later said, \"When we first started working on \"Hello Nasty\" in New York, Awol was around helping us get set up.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ Along with the usual bunch of experimental jamming/sampling etc., we started playing a bunch of hardcore, putting song arrangements together really quickly.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ Then I started writing vocals.", "Aglio e Olio (EP) __knowledge__ Soon we realized that we had way too many hardcore songs to possibly put on the next album, so we decided to release them all together as an EP.\"", "Beastie Boys __knowledge__ Beastie Boys were an American hip hop group from New York City, formed in 1981.", "Beastie Boys __knowledge__ For the majority of their career, the group consisted of Michael \"Mike D\" Diamond (vocals, drums), Adam \"MCA\" Yauch (vocals, bass) and Adam \"Ad-Rock\" Horovitz (vocals, guitar).", "Beastie Boys __knowledge__ Originally formed as a four-piece hardcore punk band, the Young Aborigines, in 1978 by Diamond (vocals), John Berry (guitar), Yauch (bass) and Kate Schellenbach (drums), the band appeared on the compilation cassette \"New York Thrash\", contributing two songs from their first EP, \"Polly Wog Stew\", in 1982.", "Beastie Boys __knowledge__ Berry left shortly thereafter, and was replaced by Horovitz.", "Mario Caldato Jr. __knowledge__ Mario Caldato Jr. (also known as Mario C.) is a Brazilian/American record producer and studio engineer best known for his work with Beastie Boys and Jack Johnson in the US, and with Marcelo D2 and Seu Jorge in Brazil.", "Mario Caldato Jr. __knowledge__ He is the winner of three Latin Grammys to date, along with several nominations and multi-platinum and gold records to his credit.", "Mario Caldato Jr. __knowledge__ Born in São Paulo, Brazil, Mario Caldato Jr. is the son of Italian father Mario, Sr. and Brazilian mother Guiomar.", "Mario Caldato Jr. __knowledge__ In 1963 Mario and his family moved to the United States, settling in Los Angeles.", "Mario Caldato Jr. __knowledge__ As a young boy, Caldato received a Sears Silvertone organ as a gift from his father, and then a piano a few years later.", "Spaghetti aglio e olio __knowledge__ Spaghetti aglio e olio (; \"spaghetti with garlic and oil\" in Italian) is a traditional Italian pasta dish coming from Naples.", "Spaghetti aglio e olio __knowledge__ The dish is made by lightly sauteeing sliced, minced, or pressed garlic in olive oil, sometimes with the addition of dried red chili flakes, and tossing with spaghetti.", "Spaghetti aglio e olio __knowledge__ Finely chopped parsley can also be added as a garnish, along with grated parmesan or pecorino cheese, although according to some traditional recipes, cheese should not be added.", "Spaghetti aglio e olio __knowledge__ Many New York Italian-Americans refer to the dish as \"alla-ul\" due to the influence of Southern Italian pronunciation in the area.", "List of songs recorded by Beastie Boys __knowledge__ American hip hop group Beastie Boys recorded many songs during their career.", "List of songs recorded by Beastie Boys __knowledge__ Between 1982 and 2012, the group released eight studio albums, four compilation albums, seven extended plays, and forty singles.", "List of songs recorded by Beastie Boys __knowledge__ Beginning in 1981 as a four-piece hardcore punk group, Beastie Boys consisted of Michael \"Mike D\" Diamond, Adam \"MCA\" Yauch, Kate Schellenbach, and John Berry.", "List of songs recorded by Beastie Boys __knowledge__ In 1982, after the release of the EP, \"Polly Wog Stew\", Berry left the group and was replaced by Adam \"Ad-Rock\" Horovitz.", "List of songs recorded by Beastie Boys __knowledge__ A year later, the group released their debut single, \"Cooky Puss\", which marked a change in style to a more hip-hop oriented sound.", "Roy Cormier __knowledge__ Roy Cormier is an American record producer, talent manager, and entrepreneur .", "Roy Cormier __knowledge__ Born in Brooklyn, New York Cormier began promoting local parties and concerts in the early 1980s featuring artists like The Fearless Four, Run DMC and Whodini.", "Roy Cormier __knowledge__ He gained the attention of music mogul Russell Simmons who invited Cormier to be part of his newly formed management company, Rush Communications.", "Roy Cormier __knowledge__ Along with LL Cool J, Fresh Prince a.k.a.", "Roy Cormier __knowledge__ Will Smith & DJ Jazzy Jeff, Beastie Boys, and Public Enemy, Cormier worked closely with group Whodini, the first rap group to go platinum and to tour Europe extensively, as their road manager.", "Fellini: I'm a Born Liar __knowledge__ Fellini: I'm a Born Liar () is a 2002 French documentary film written and directed by Damian Pettigrew.", "Fellini: I'm a Born Liar __knowledge__ Based on Federico Fellini's last confessions filmed by Pettigrew in Rome in 1991 and 1992 (Fellini died in 1993), the film eschews straightforward biography to highlight the Italian director's unorthodox working methods, conscience, and philosophy.", "Fellini: I'm a Born Liar __knowledge__ A masterclass in cinema aesthetics, the feature documentary uses excerpts and behind-the-scenes from \"8½\", \"Juliet of the Spirits\", \"Histoires extraordinaires\", \"Fellini Satyricon\", \"Amarcord\", \"Fellini's Casanova\", \"And the Ship Sails On\", and \"City of Women\"." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 11, 8, 6 ]

[ "I love them too. It is an American dish after all, but I prefer it without the tomato sauce.", "just olive oil or butter. It seem that Sphaggeti with meatballs was an innovation of early 20th century Italian immigrants.", "Yes I do. Even when spaghetti is made of milled wheat and water, there are some varieties without gluten.", "Yes, and do you know there is Beastie Boy album called like that Aglio e Olio", "There are also other dishes that are similar to Spaghetti and meatballs, like \"Pasta Sedula\"." ]

[ "Spaghetti with meatballs", "Spaghetti with meatballs", "Spaghetti with meatballs", "Spaghetti with meatballs", "Spaghetti with meatballs" ]

[ "Boxer (dog)\nmy best friend has a boxer breed", "are yours really hyper? I know hers is", "oh wow i didn't know that. Can they get any bigger? her's is male and he's pretty big", "oh okay. I have blue heelers and i think they're the perfect size for me" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a medium-sized, short-haired breed of dog, developed in Germany.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colours are fawn or brindled, with or without white markings, and white.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Boxers are brachycephalic (they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle, mandibular prognathism (an underbite), very strong jaws, and a powerful bite ideal for hanging on to large prey.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer was bred from the Old English Bulldog and the now extinct Bullenbeisser which became extinct by crossbreeding rather than by a decadence of the breed.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The purpose of the crossbreeding was the wish to eliminate the excessive white color of the breed, and the necessity of producing thousands of dogs for one of the most popular breeds in the world.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is part of the Molosser group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ This group is a category of solidly built, large dog breeds that all descend from the same common ancestor, the large shepherd dog known as a Molossus.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a member of the Working Group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The first Boxer club was founded in 1895, with Boxers being first exhibited in a dog show for St. Bernards in Munich the next year.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Based on 2013 American Kennel Club statistics, Boxers held steady as the seventh-most popular breed of dog in the United States for the fourth consecutive year.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On __knowledge__ Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On is a 2012 follow-up to the 2008 BBC One documentary, \"Pedigree Dogs Exposed\" (\"PDE\").", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On __knowledge__ While this second programme looks at the positive changes made since the original film, it focuses on investigating areas of continuing concern.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On __knowledge__ The programme concluded that it was time to call a halt to suffering created by breeders.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On __knowledge__ It states that as long as The Kennel Club (KC) tolerated human whim leading to dogs that cannot run, breathe, or see freely, dogs would continue to suffer, but featured that, in fact, KC would continue in the vein, suggesting that the organisation has a conflict of interest in juggling its commitments to breeders and to dogs – when the interest of dogs does not match up with that of breeders, the dogs suffer.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ Pedigree Dogs Exposed is a BBC One investigative documentary, produced by Jemima Harrison, which looks into health and welfare issues facing pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It was originally broadcast on 19 August 2008.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The Kennel Club (KC), the governing body of pedigree dogs in the UK which runs the prestigious dog breed show Crufts, was criticised for allowing breed standards, judging standards and breeding practices to compromise the health of .", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The programme generated much criticism of the Kennel Club.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It also caused various sponsors and trade exhibitors to withdraw their participation from Crufts and other Kennel Club events.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Molosser __knowledge__ Molosser is a category of solidly built, large dog breeds that all descend from the same common ancestor.", "Molosser __knowledge__ The name derives from Molossia, an area of ancient Epirus, where the large shepherd dog was known as a Molossus.", "Molosser __knowledge__ Molossers typically have heavy bones, pendant ears, and a relatively short and well-muscled neck, with a short, broad muzzle.", "Molosser __knowledge__ Nineteenth-century army veterinarian and entomologist Jean Pierre Mégnin theorized the four basic canine races, based on his observation of their different skull structures, are: Lupoides (Spitz), Braccoides (scenthounds), Graioides (sighthounds), and Molossoides (mountain dogs, Mastiff breeds, and even Pugs).", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters who appear in the series Static Shock.", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ Virgil Ovid Hawkins/Static (Phil LaMarr) He is an African-American 9th grade high school student in Dakota City.", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ As a result of accidental exposure to an experimental mutagen in an event known as the Big Bang, he gained the ability to control and manipulate electromagnetism, and uses these powers to become a superhero named \"Static.\"", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ Countless others who were also exposed gained a wide variety of mutations and abilities, and Static spends much of his time dealing with these \"Bang Babies\", many of whom use their abilities in selfish, harmful, and even criminal ways.Virgil is named after the first African-American to go to law school (who was himself named for the Roman poets Virgil and Ovid).", "Yellow Peril __knowledge__ The Yellow Peril (also Yellow Terror and Yellow Spectre) is a racist color-metaphor that is integral to the xenophobic theory of colonialism: that the peoples of East Asia are a danger to the Western world.", "Yellow Peril __knowledge__ As a psycho-cultural perception of menace from the East, fear of the Yellow Peril was more racial than national, a fear derived, not from concern with a specific source of danger, from any one country or people, but from a vaguely ominous, existential fear of the vast, faceless, nameless horde of yellow people opposite the Western world.", "Yellow Peril __knowledge__ As a form of xenophobia, the Yellow Terror is the fear of the rising tide of colored people from the Orient." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a medium-sized, short-haired breed of dog, developed in Germany.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colours are fawn or brindled, with or without white markings, and white.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Boxers are brachycephalic (they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle, mandibular prognathism (an underbite), very strong jaws, and a powerful bite ideal for hanging on to large prey.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer was bred from the Old English Bulldog and the now extinct Bullenbeisser which became extinct by crossbreeding rather than by a decadence of the breed.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The purpose of the crossbreeding was the wish to eliminate the excessive white color of the breed, and the necessity of producing thousands of dogs for one of the most popular breeds in the world.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is part of the Molosser group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ This group is a category of solidly built, large dog breeds that all descend from the same common ancestor, the large shepherd dog known as a Molossus.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a member of the Working Group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The first Boxer club was founded in 1895, with Boxers being first exhibited in a dog show for St. Bernards in Munich the next year.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Based on 2013 American Kennel Club statistics, Boxers held steady as the seventh-most popular breed of dog in the United States for the fourth consecutive year.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ Maria Jane Connor (also Sutherland) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\", portrayed by Samia Longchambon.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ The character first appeared on-screen on 19 May 2000.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ During her time on the show, Maria has been the centre of major storylines.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ In late 2009, Longchambon took maternity leave and Maria was off-screen from November 2009 until June 2010.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ Longchambon took a second maternity leave in 2015 and Maria was off-screen from October 2015 until April 2016.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ Maria is first seen working in the kennels belonging to her father, Eric (Steve Money).", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ Tyrone Dobbs (Alan Halsall) and Jack Duckworth (Bill Tarmey) bring Tyrone's greyhound, Monica, in to look for a stud to mate with.", "Hyper-V __knowledge__ Microsoft Hyper-V, codenamed Viridian and formerly known as Windows Server Virtualization, is a native hypervisor; it can create virtual machines on x86-64 systems running Windows.", "Hyper-V __knowledge__ Starting with Windows 8, Hyper-V superseded Windows Virtual PC as the hardware virtualization component of the client editions of Windows NT.", "Hyper-V __knowledge__ A server computer running Hyper-V can be configured to expose individual virtual machines to one or more networks.", "Hyper-V __knowledge__ Hyper-V was first released alongside Windows Server 2008, and has been available without charge for all the Windows Server and some client operating systems since.", "You Don't Know Jack (Facebook game) __knowledge__ You Don't Know Jack is a Facebook game application based on the long-running series of trivia games created by Jackbox Games (formerly Jellyvision Games).", "You Don't Know Jack (Facebook game) __knowledge__ It was released for public play on Facebook in May 2012 after a beta period.", "You Don't Know Jack (Facebook game) __knowledge__ The game builds on the success of the relaunch of the series from the 2011 video game for consoles and personal computers, though has altered some features to work better on the social media platform.", "You Don't Know Jack (Facebook game) __knowledge__ The game is presented as a fictional television show, emceed by \"Cookie\" Masterson; players answer five trivia questions, typically multiple-choice, during each episode, earning virtual money to track their score within the game and in the larger meta-game.", "Hyper-threading __knowledge__ Hyper-threading (officially called Hyper-Threading Technology or HT Technology, and abbreviated as HTT or HT) is Intel's proprietary simultaneous multithreading (SMT) implementation used to improve parallelization of computations (doing multiple tasks at once) performed on x86 microprocessors.", "Hyper-threading __knowledge__ It first appeared in February 2002 on Xeon server processors and in November 2002 on Pentium 4 desktop CPUs.", "Hyper-threading __knowledge__ Later, Intel included this technology in Itanium, Atom, and Core 'i' Series CPUs, among others.", "Hyper-threading __knowledge__ For each processor core that is physically present, the operating system addresses two virtual (logical) cores and shares the workload between them when possible.", "Marjane (business) __knowledge__ Marjane (also Marjane holding) is a Moroccan hypermarket chain.", "Marjane (business) __knowledge__ It is a wholly owned by SNI, the holding company of king Mohammed VI.", "Marjane (business) __knowledge__ The chain opened its first supermarket, in 1990, in Rabat.", "Marjane (business) __knowledge__ In 2008, the company had 33 Hypermarkets around Morocco.", "Marjane (business) __knowledge__ Its total turnover in 2007 was 6.78 billion Dirhams and employs 5,144 people.", "Marjane (business) __knowledge__ With more than 18 million customers per annum (2007), Marjane is the leader on the Moroccan market in front of the hypermarket Metro AG Morocco and Aswak Assalam, its principal competitors.", "Marjane (business) __knowledge__ On August 2007, French Auchan sold its 49% stake to Omnium nord Africain that already held 51% of Marjane holding.", "Madvillainy __knowledge__ Madvillainy is the debut album by American hip hop duo Madvillain, a group consisting of MF Doom (MC) and Madlib (producer).", "Madvillainy __knowledge__ It was released on March 23, 2004 on Stones Throw Records.", "Madvillainy __knowledge__ The album was recorded between 2002 and 2004 and was produced entirely by Madlib, with the exception of \"The Illest Villains\" which was produced by both Madlib and Doom.", "Madvillainy __knowledge__ Madlib created most of the album's instrumentals during a trip to Brazil, where the production was composed in his hotel room using minimal amounts of equipment.", "Madvillainy __knowledge__ Fourteen months before the album was officially released, an unfinished demo of the album was stolen and leaked onto the internet.", "List of Kamen Rider Kabuto characters __knowledge__ A list of the various characters throughout the 2006-2007 Japanese tokusatsu series \"Kamen Rider Kabuto\".", "List of Kamen Rider Kabuto characters __knowledge__ These characters play a major role within the series and often influence many key events.", "List of Kamen Rider Kabuto characters __knowledge__ User of the Kabuto Zecter, serves as the main protagonist of the series.", "List of Kamen Rider Kabuto characters __knowledge__ He's a wildcard who merely fights for his own needs, provoking ZECT as a result.", "List of Kamen Rider Kabuto characters __knowledge__ Souji Tendou is portrayed by .", "List of Kamen Rider Kabuto characters __knowledge__ As a child, Souji is portrayed by .", "List of Kamen Rider Kabuto characters __knowledge__ ZECT is a mysterious organization that seemingly acts in order to destroy Worms.", "List of Kamen Rider Kabuto characters __knowledge__ However, they seem to have very secret agenda and connections with Worms.", "List of Kamen Rider Kabuto characters __knowledge__ This is shown in episode 41 as the Natives were the ones who founded ZECT and created the Masked Rider System to work with humans.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ The following is a list of experimental cat breeds and crossbreeds that do not have the recognition of major national or international cat registries, such as The International Cat Association (TICA) in the US, Europe, and Australasia; the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the UK, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FiFE) in continental Europe, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in North America, or the more recent World Cat Federation based in Germany.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Such a breed may be recognized by one of the smaller cat registries.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Smaller registries include the Rare and Exotic Feline Registry (REFR), The Dwarf Cat Association (TDCA), and others.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The Persian cat (Persian: گربه ایرانی \"Gorbe Irâni\") is a long-haired breed of cat characterized by its round face and short muzzle.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ It is also known as the Persian Longhair.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ In the Middle East they are widely known as \"Iranian cat\" and in Iran they are known as \"Shirazi cat\".", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The first documented ancestors of the Persian were imported into Italy from Iran (Persia) around 1620.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The exact history of the Persian cat does seem to be a bit of a mystery but many of these long-haired cats were seen in hieroglyphics.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The story has it that these long-haired cats were then imported into Europe as their popularity grew and breeding took place in Italy and France.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog ( or ) is a dog breed which was developed in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The name \"Sennenhund\" refers to people called \"Senn\" or \"Senner\", dairymen and herders in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs are almost certainly the result of indigenous dogs mating with large mastiff types brought to Switzerland by foreign settlers.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ At one time, the breed was believed to have been among the most popular in Switzerland.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ It was assumed to have almost died out by the late 19th century, since its work was being done by other breeds or machines, but was rediscovered in the early 1900s.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ The Finnish Lapphund is a hardy, easy going, medium-size breed of Spitz type.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ Traditionally it has been used for herding reindeer.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ Although it is one of the most popular dog breeds in its native country, Finland, it is not very numerous outside of the Nordic countries.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ The breed falls under the mitochondrial DNA sub-clade referred to as d1 that is only found in northern Scandinavia.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ It is the result of a female wolf-male dog hybridization that occurred post-domestication.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ Subclade d1 originated 480-3,000 years ago and is found in all Sami-related breeds: Finnish Lapphund, Swedish Lapphund, Lapponian Herder, Jamthund, Norwegian Elkhound and Hällefors Elkhound.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The dachshund ( or or ) is a short-legged, long-bodied, hound-type dog breed.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The standard size dachshund was developed to scent, chase, and flush out badgers and other burrow-dwelling animals, while the miniature dachshund was bred to hunt smaller prey such as rabbits.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ In the United States, they have also been used to track wounded deer and hunt prairie dogs.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ Dachshunds also participate in conformation shows, field trials and many other events organized through pure-bred dog organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC).", "Dachshund __knowledge__ According to the AKC, the dachshund is ranked in 13th place in popularity amongst dog breeds in the United States.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a medium-sized, short-haired breed of dog, developed in Germany.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colours are fawn or brindled, with or without white markings, and white.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Boxers are brachycephalic (they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle, mandibular prognathism (an underbite), very strong jaws, and a powerful bite ideal for hanging on to large prey.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer was bred from the Old English Bulldog and the now extinct Bullenbeisser which became extinct by crossbreeding rather than by a decadence of the breed.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The purpose of the crossbreeding was the wish to eliminate the excessive white color of the breed, and the necessity of producing thousands of dogs for one of the most popular breeds in the world.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is part of the Molosser group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ This group is a category of solidly built, large dog breeds that all descend from the same common ancestor, the large shepherd dog known as a Molossus.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a member of the Working Group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The first Boxer club was founded in 1895, with Boxers being first exhibited in a dog show for St. Bernards in Munich the next year.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Based on 2013 American Kennel Club statistics, Boxers held steady as the seventh-most popular breed of dog in the United States for the fourth consecutive year.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune Records was an American family operated, independent record label located in Detroit, Michigan from 1946 to 1995.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ The label owners were Jack and Devora Brown, their son Sheldon Brown recorded for the label.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Original releases tapered off after 1972 aside from a few albums in the mid-1980s.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune specialized in R&B, blues, soul and doo-wop music, although the label also released pop, big band, hillbilly, gospel, rock and roll, and polka records.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune released some doo-wop tunes by Nolan Strong & The Diablos, such as \"The Wind\" (Fortune 511, 1954), \"The Way You Dog Me Around\" (Fortune 518, 1955), and \"Mind Over Matter\" (Fortune 546, 1962).", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ The Old English Bulldog is an extinct breed of dog.", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ The Old English Bulldog was compact, broad and muscular, as reflected in the well-known depiction \"Crib and Rosa\".", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ The average height was approximately , and they weighed about .", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ A particular characteristic of the breed was the lower jaw that projected considerably in front of the upper jaw, which made possible a strong, vise-like grip.", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ The English blood sport of bull-baiting allowed for a specialized breed in the form of the Old English Bulldog.", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ The main locations in London for these exhibitions were Westminster Pit, Beargarden and Old Conduit Fields.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ Bulldog breeds is a collective name for various breeds of dog of a particular type, also known as bull breeds.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ The blood sport of dog-baiting animals has occurred since antiquity, most famously in the Roman Colosseum, a direct precursor to the modern Spanish sport of bullfighting.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ In the post-Roman era, baiting, per se, was most closely associated with the English, who pursued it with utmost earnestness.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ The pastime flourished, reaching the peak of its popularity during the sixteenth century.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ The Bullenbeisser is an extinct dog that originated in .", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ It is also known as the German Bulldog.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ The first historical traces of bull-baiting occur in the time of the regency of King John.", "Bulldog __knowledge__ A Bulldog is a medium-sized breed of dog commonly referred to as the English Bulldog or British Bulldog.", "Bulldog __knowledge__ It is a muscular, hefty dog with a wrinkled face and a distinctive pushed-in nose.", "Bulldog __knowledge__ The American Kennel Club (AKC), The Kennel Club (UK), and the United Kennel Club (UKC) oversee breeding records.", "Bulldog __knowledge__ The Bulldog Club of America (BCA) maintains the standard of excellence for the guidance of breeders, owners and judges in the United States.", "Bulldog __knowledge__ Bulldogs were the fourth most popular purebred in the US in 2016 according to the American Kennel Club.", "Bulldog __knowledge__ Bulldogs have a longstanding association with British culture, as the BBC wrote: \"to many the Bulldog is a national icon, symbolising pluck and determination.\"", "Bull and Terrier __knowledge__ The Bull and Terrier is a breed of dog that was the progenitor of the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, English Bull Terrier and the Staffordshire Bull Terrier.", "Bull and Terrier __knowledge__ The Bull and Terrier is a cross between the Old English Bulldog and a variety of Terriers.", "Bull and Terrier __knowledge__ The anatomy of the Bull and Terrier is the result of selective breeding for the purpose of hunting, dog fighting and baiting.", "Bull and Terrier __knowledge__ Most terriers, of the past and present, carried or carry a quarter to an eighth Old English Bulldog blood in them in order, allegedly, to give courage to bear the bites of the prey they are meant to attack.", "Continental bulldog __knowledge__ The Continental Bulldog is a dog breed from Switzerland.", "Continental bulldog __knowledge__ This bulldog breed is not officially recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, although the procedure towards recognition by the FCI was started on 24 January 2011.", "Continental bulldog __knowledge__ The breed has been officially recognized by the Swiss kennel club SKG since 5 December 2004.", "Continental bulldog __knowledge__ The European convention concerning breeding and keeping of pets as well as the Swiss legislation for animal protection (Art.", "Continental bulldog __knowledge__ 10) were the decisive factors for breeder Imelda Angehrn to create a new medium-sized bulldog breed.", "Continental bulldog __knowledge__ Her goal was to create a medium-sized bulldog which would meet all the requirements of the rules of animal protection for a sound dog which would keep the unique and much esteemed temperament of the English Bulldog.", "Bully (mascot) __knowledge__ Bully is the official mascot of the Mississippi State University Bulldogs in Starkville, Mississippi, and the name is given to both the costumed mascot and the live bulldog that appears at State games.", "Bully (mascot) __knowledge__ The live mascot Bully is an American Kennel Club registered English Bulldog, and each dog is given the inherited title of \"Bully\".", "Bully (mascot) __knowledge__ The name \"Bully\" is traditionally considered a title and not the official name of the specific dog that holds it.", "Bully (mascot) __knowledge__ Mississippi State's athletics teams have had a variety of different nicknames throughout the years.", "Bully (mascot) __knowledge__ The teams were called the \"Aggies,\" as a reference to the school's agricultural roots as Mississippi A&M College.", "Leavitt Bulldog __knowledge__ The Leavitt Bulldog is a late 20th-century re-creation of the now extinct Old English Bulldog, the original bulldog breed which existed around the 19th century Regency era, about 1820.", "Leavitt Bulldog __knowledge__ In contrast to English bulldogs of modern times, depictions of the breed from nearly two centuries earlier showed healthier, more agile dogs, with working ability.", "Leavitt Bulldog __knowledge__ Unlike the 19th century breed however, the Leavitt Bulldog has a placid temperament.", "Leavitt Bulldog __knowledge__ It is one of several breeds developed in order to overcome the genetic problems in the English Bulldog breed.", "Leavitt Bulldog __knowledge__ The Leavitt Bulldog was developed by breeder David Leavitt which he originally named the Olde English Bulldogge." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a medium-sized, short-haired breed of dog, developed in Germany.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colours are fawn or brindled, with or without white markings, and white.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Boxers are brachycephalic (they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle, mandibular prognathism (an underbite), very strong jaws, and a powerful bite ideal for hanging on to large prey.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer was bred from the Old English Bulldog and the now extinct Bullenbeisser which became extinct by crossbreeding rather than by a decadence of the breed.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The purpose of the crossbreeding was the wish to eliminate the excessive white color of the breed, and the necessity of producing thousands of dogs for one of the most popular breeds in the world.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is part of the Molosser group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ This group is a category of solidly built, large dog breeds that all descend from the same common ancestor, the large shepherd dog known as a Molossus.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a member of the Working Group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The first Boxer club was founded in 1895, with Boxers being first exhibited in a dog show for St. Bernards in Munich the next year.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Based on 2013 American Kennel Club statistics, Boxers held steady as the seventh-most popular breed of dog in the United States for the fourth consecutive year.", "Blue Heelers __knowledge__ Blue Heelers is an Australian police drama series that was produced by Southern Star Group and ran for 12 years on the Seven Network, from 1994 to 2006.", "Blue Heelers __knowledge__ Although based around the policing of the town, the series generally depicted the everyday lives and relationships of the residents of Mount Thomas, a fictional small town in Victoria.", "Blue Heelers __knowledge__ The series was one of the highest-rated and most-awarded programs in the history of Australian television.", "Blue Heelers __knowledge__ It is noted for its two main stars Lisa McCune, a four-time recipient of the Gold Logie, and John Wood, who also won Gold.", "Blue Heelers __knowledge__ \"Blue Heelers\" was first aired on 10 September 1993, with the episode \"A Woman's Place\".", "List of recurring Blue Heelers characters __knowledge__ This is a list of all recurring/semi-regular cast members over the Australian television programme \"Blue Heelers\" 13 season run between 1994–2006.", "List of recurring Blue Heelers characters __knowledge__ Chief Superintendent Clive Adamson was a fictional character in the long-running Australian police drama \"Blue Heelers\".", "List of recurring Blue Heelers characters __knowledge__ He originally appeared in the show between 1995 and 1996 as the regional Chief Superintendent based in the fictional city of Evanleigh and was usually only seen in Mount Thomas in the aftermath of some major drama.", "List of recurring Blue Heelers characters __knowledge__ As a chief superintendent, he outranked the Heelers and also the district inspector and thus was not the favourite person of Ted Faulkner.", "Blue Heelers (season 13) __knowledge__ The thirteenth and final season of the Australian police drama \"Blue Heelers\" premiered on the Seven Network on 1 April 2006 and aired on Saturday nights at 8:30 pm.", "Blue Heelers (season 13) __knowledge__ The 11-episode season concluded 4 June 2006, due to its cancellation by the Seven Network as a result of its sharp decline in ratings.", "Blue Heelers (season 13) __knowledge__ When, in late 2005, the time came to renew \"Blue Heelers\", Seven commissioned eleven further episodes to be produced, but its future after this was still undecided.", "Blue Heelers (season 13) __knowledge__ In January 2006, Seven officially announced that they had cancelled Blue Heelers, but would air a final shortened season of only 11 episodes in mid-2006—the 11 episodes which had been filmed in late 2005, before \"Blue Heelers\" had been cancelled.", "Lisa McCune __knowledge__ Lisa McCune (born 19 February 1971) is a four-time Gold Logie Award-winning Australian actress, known for her role as Senior Constable Maggie Doyle in \"Blue Heelers\", and as Lt. Kate McGregor in \"Sea Patrol\".", "Lisa McCune __knowledge__ Born in Sydney, McCune grew up in Perth.", "Lisa McCune __knowledge__ She first performed on stage at the age of 15 playing Dorothy in \"The Wizard of Oz\" at the Limelight Theatre in Wanneroo, Western Australia.", "Lisa McCune __knowledge__ After graduating from Greenwood Senior High School, she was accepted into both the classical singing and musical theatre courses at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA).", "Lisa McCune __knowledge__ She graduated with a BA in Music Theatre in 1990.", "List of Blue Heelers episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the Australian police-drama, \"Blue Heelers\", which premiered on 10 September 1993 and concluded on 4 June 2006, due to its cancellation by the Seven Network.", "List of Blue Heelers episodes __knowledge__ \"Blue Heelers\", which was created by Hal McElroy and Tony Morphett and produced by Southern Star, ran for thirteen season and a total of 510 episodes of the hit programme were produced.", "List of Blue Heelers episodes __knowledge__ \"Blue Heelers\" won a total of 25 Logie Awards, five of which were the prestigious Gold Logie, 3 AFI Awards, 3 People's Choice Awards, and 1 AWGIE Awards.", "List of Blue Heelers episodes __knowledge__ Cops with Hearts: was a 1996 Blue Heelers VHS Release at contained a Behind the scenes bonus Feature It featured interviews with cast members, John Wood, Martin Sacks, Lisa McCune.", "Jane Allsop __knowledge__ Jane Claire Allsop (born 3 July 1975 in Oxford, England) is an Australian actress, best known for her role as Jo Parrish on \"Blue Heelers\".", "Jane Allsop __knowledge__ Allsop was born in the United Kingdom, and only a few months after her birth moved to the United States with her father, John Allsop and mother, Helen Allsop.", "Jane Allsop __knowledge__ Her father was a surgeon which is why they moved around a lot when Allsop was a young child.", "Jane Allsop __knowledge__ At two and a half, her family settled in Mont Albert in Melbourne, Australia.", "Jane Allsop __knowledge__ She attended Strathcona Primary School and Melbourne Girls Grammar.", "Jane Allsop __knowledge__ She is the eldest sister of Melbourne Comedian Tommy Allsop (Stage name: Tommy Dassalo) and Peter Warsaw.", "Blue Heelers (season 12) __knowledge__ The twelfth season of the Australian police-drama Blue Heelers premiered on the Seven Network on 2 February 2005 and aired on Wednesday nights at 8:30 PM.", "Blue Heelers (season 12) __knowledge__ The 42-episode season concluded 26 November 2005.", "Blue Heelers (season 12) __knowledge__ The season also saw the departure of Geoff Morrell and Martin Sacks, who chose to take time off to spend with their families.", "Blue Heelers (season 12) __knowledge__ Sacks's departure left Julie Nihill and John Wood as the only remaining original cast members; and the only cast members to have been on this show since before 2001.", "Blue Heelers (season 12) __knowledge__ Main cast for this season consisted of: Guest actors included Jeremy Lindsay Taylor, Val Jellay, John Brumpton, Joy Westmore, Pepe Trevor, Margot Knight, Tracy Mann, Danny Adcock, Paul Dawber, Lynette Curran, Elspeth Ballantyne,Alethea McGrath.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Ca de Bou __knowledge__ Ca de Bou or Perro de Presa Mallorquin is a medium-to-large sized molossian-type breed of dog, with a strong, powerful, elongated build.", "Ca de Bou __knowledge__ The difference between the sexes is in the head, the circumference is greater in dogs than in bitches.", "Ca de Bou __knowledge__ The Perro de Presa Mallorquin was almost extinct after World War II, and the few remaining dogs were crossed with Majorca Shepherd Dog, Bulldog and perhaps Alano Espanol.", "Ca de Bou __knowledge__ While extant specimens are all crossbred, the population as a whole retains standardized breed recognition in two kennel clubs, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, and United Kennel Club (using the FCI standard).", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ A dingo–dog hybrid is a cross between a dingo and a domestic dog.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ The current population of free ranging domestic dogs in Australia is now probably higher than in the past.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ However, the proportion of the so-called \"pure\" dingoes (dogs with exclusively dingo-ancestry) has been in the decrease over the last few decades due to hybridisation and is regarded as further decreasing.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ Because of this ongoing interbreeding of dingoes and other domestic dogs and the resulting hybrids, there is a much wider range of colours and body shapes today among the Australian wild dog population than in the time before the human introduction of domestic dogs.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ The Taiwan Dog () is a breed or landrace of small or medium dog indigenous to Taiwan.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ These dogs are also known as Taiwanese Canis, Taiwanese Native Dog () or Takasago Dog ().", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ They are well-adapted to the uneven and thickly forested terrain of Taiwan, having become a semi-wild breed prior to the arrival of several colonial reigns and foreign powers.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Notwithstanding these adaptations, Formosans retained the potential to be trained, and are now used as hunting dogs, guard dogs, stunt dogs, rescue dogs, or simply as companions.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Formosans are classified into one medium type and two small types.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ However, now the pureblood Formosan Mountain Dog is edging closer to extinction, due to limited conservation efforts of the Taiwanese and their government." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 1, 0 ]

[ "That is awesome i personally have 2 and love them very much. The Boxer is a medium-sized, short-haired breed of dog, developed in Germany", "Yes The Boxer was bred from the Old English Bulldog which tend to be very active", "The Boxer is a medium-sized dog so they get a little big but nothing like other really big dogs", "i was thinking of maybe getting a third boxer but i think that would be too much ahha" ]

[ "Boxer (dog)", "Boxer (dog)", "Boxer (dog)", "Boxer (dog)" ]

[ "Puzzle", "Nice. I like a good puzzle to put together as well, but not too many pieces. ha ha LOL", "I did not know that; tell me more about this Charli XCX", "Where exactly was she born?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Puzzle __knowledge__ A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together in a logical way, in order to arrive at the correct solution of the puzzle.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, or logic puzzles.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Puzzles are often created to be a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logistical problems.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ J The 1989 edition of the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" dates the word \"puzzle\" (as a verb) to the end of the 16th century.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Its first documented use (to describe a new type of game) was in a book titled \"The Voyage of Robert Dudley...to the West Indies, 1594–95, narrated by Capt.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Wyatt, by himself, and by Abram Kendall, master\" (published circa 1595).", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The word later came to be used as a noun.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The word puzzle comes from \"pusle\", meaning \"bewilder, confound\", which is a frequentive of the obsolete verb \"pose\" (from Medieval French \"aposer\") in the sense of \"perplex\".", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The use of the word to mean \"a toy contrived to test one's ingenuity\" is relatively recent (within mid-19th century)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Puzzle __knowledge__ A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together in a logical way, in order to arrive at the correct solution of the puzzle.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, or logic puzzles.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Puzzles are often created to be a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logistical problems.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ J The 1989 edition of the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" dates the word \"puzzle\" (as a verb) to the end of the 16th century.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Its first documented use (to describe a new type of game) was in a book titled \"The Voyage of Robert Dudley...to the West Indies, 1594–95, narrated by Capt.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Wyatt, by himself, and by Abram Kendall, master\" (published circa 1595).", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The word later came to be used as a noun.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The word puzzle comes from \"pusle\", meaning \"bewilder, confound\", which is a frequentive of the obsolete verb \"pose\" (from Medieval French \"aposer\") in the sense of \"perplex\".", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The use of the word to mean \"a toy contrived to test one's ingenuity\" is relatively recent (within mid-19th century).", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ \"You (Ha Ha Ha)\" is a song by British singer and songwriter Charli XCX taken from her major label debut studio album, \"True Romance\" (2013).", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ It was released as the album's 4th single in February 2013, along with several remixes.", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ A music video for the song was released on YouTube on 10 January 2013.", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ \"You (Ha Ha Ha) relies heavily on a sample of Gold Panda's single \"You\".", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ The sample provides \"psychedelic loops\" to the track, that contains \"maddening trance and haunted-house echoes\" and\"aural flourishes\".", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ The sound of the single has been described as a \"combination of UK electro and saccharine vocals\".", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ Ha Ha Tonka, formerly known as Amsterband (they officially changed their name on May 13, 2007), are a band originally formed in West Plains, Missouri and currently signed to Bloodshot Records out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ The band is named after Ha Ha Tonka State Park in Camdenton, Missouri.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ After signing to Bloodshot Records, \"Buckle in the Bible Belt\" was released on September 11, 2007.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ \"St. Nick on the Fourth in a Fervor\" released as the first single from that album.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ The band's website says that their \"dark view of the realities of socio-economic hardship, backwoods prejudices and drug abuse is leavened by wry humor and a deep appreciation for regional storytelling traditions.\"", "Ego (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Ego\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for the deluxe edition of her third studio album, \"I Am... Sasha Fierce\" (2008).", "Ego (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song was composed by Elvis Williams, Harold Lilly, and Beyoncé.", "Ego (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Ego\" was officially remixed with additional vocals from hip hop artist, Kanye West.", "Ego (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Initially planned to be released in January 2009 as the second urban single in the US along with the fourth US and third international single \"Halo\", the release of \"Ego\" was canceled and replaced by \"Diva\".", "Ego (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Ego\" was later serviced as the third urban single, and fifth overall single in the US on May 19, 2009 alongside the sixth US and fourth international single \"Sweet Dreams\".", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game is the 37th book in the \"Hank the Cowdog\" series The case starts on a subplot in the evening when Loper comes home from ranch work early to cook dinner for his family.", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Pete the cat has convinced Hank that he should enter the yard and try Pete's cat food.", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ Hank enters the yard, but is quickly distracted by the smell of the steaks that Loper is cooking on the barbecue grill.", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ He, Drover and Pete get into a tugging match in the yard with one of the steaks, and are saved only when Little Alfred comes along, takes it back, and throws them all out of the yard, then puts the steak back with the others.", "Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) __knowledge__ Vietnam's Next Top Model, Cycle 3 is the third season of \"Vietnam's Next Top Model\".", "Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) __knowledge__ The season premiered on August 19, 2012 on VTV3.", "Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) __knowledge__ Among the pries was a 2-year modeling contract with BeU Model Management worth 1,000,000,000₫ (approximately $50,000), a $100,000 cash prize, a cover in Cosmopolitan magazine worth 200,000,000₫, a 2-year VIP Diamond Membership card at California Fitness & Yoga Center worth 300,000,000₫, a 1 year gift from Shiseido cosmetic and a short training course in Tokyo sponsored by Shiseido.", "Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) __knowledge__ The winner of the competition was 21-year-old Mai Thị Giang from Hải Phòng.", "Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) __knowledge__ Cao Thi Thien Trang will compete in the All-stars season of this series, where she finished 4th/5th place.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 119th overall season, 80th as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 22nd within the SEC Western Division.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his seventh year, and played its home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of eleven wins and two losses (11–2 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and with a loss in the 2014 Sugar Bowl to Oklahoma.", "Natalie Gauci __knowledge__ Natalie Rose Gauci (born 26 November 1981) is an Australian musician, producer and teacher.", "Natalie Gauci __knowledge__ Gauci undertook music tuition at the Victorian College of the Arts, formed her own band that played gigs in Melbourne, while also working as a music teacher.", "Natalie Gauci __knowledge__ After an appearance on national radio station Triple J's talent contest, \"Unearthed\", she successfully auditioned for the fifth series of \"Australian Idol\" in 2007 and went on to win the series.", "Natalie Gauci __knowledge__ Gauci subsequently signed a record deal with Sony BMG Australia and in November that year released her debut single, \"Here I Am\", which reached number two on the ARIA Singles Chart and gained a gold accreditation.", "Adventure game __knowledge__ An adventure game is a video game in which the player assumes the role of a protagonist in an interactive story driven by exploration and puzzle-solving.", "Adventure game __knowledge__ The genre's focus on story allows it to draw heavily from other narrative-based media, literature and film, encompassing a wide variety of literary genres.", "Adventure game __knowledge__ Many adventure games (text and graphic) are designed for a single player, since this emphasis on story and character makes multi-player design difficult.", "Adventure game __knowledge__ \"Colossal Cave Adventure\" is identified as the first such adventure game, first released in 1976, while other notable adventure game series include \"Zork\", \"King's Quest\", \"The Secret of Monkey Island\", and \"Myst\".", "The Witness (2016 video game) __knowledge__ The Witness is a 3D puzzle video game developed and published by Thekla, Inc.", "The Witness (2016 video game) __knowledge__ It was released for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 4 in January 2016, with later ports for Xbox One, Nvidia Shield, macOS, and iOS.", "The Witness (2016 video game) __knowledge__ Inspired by \"Myst\", the game involves the exploration of an open world island filled with natural and man-made structures.", "The Witness (2016 video game) __knowledge__ The player progresses by solving puzzles, which are based on interactions with grids presented on panels around the island or paths hidden within the environment.", "The Witness (2016 video game) __knowledge__ Jonathan Blow, the game's lead designer, desired to create a game around non-verbal communication, wanting players to learn from observation and to come to epiphanies in finding solutions and leading to a greater sense of involvement and accomplishment with each success.", "Zero Escape __knowledge__ Zero Escape, previously released in Japan as , is a series of adventure games directed and written by Kotaro Uchikoshi.", "Zero Escape __knowledge__ The first two entries in the series, \"Nine Hours, Nine Persons, Nine Doors\" (2009) and \"\" (2012), were developed by Spike Chunsoft (formerly Chunsoft), while the third entry, \"Zero Time Dilemma\" (2016), was developed by Chime.", "Zero Escape __knowledge__ \"Zero Escape\" is published by Spike Chunsoft in Japan, while Aksys Games and Rising Star Games have published the games for North America and Europe respectively.", "Zero Escape __knowledge__ Each game in the series follows a group of nine individuals, who are kidnapped and held captive by a person who goes by the name \"Zero\", and are forced to play a game of life and death in order to escape.", "Fluid and crystallized intelligence __knowledge__ In psychology, fluid and crystallized intelligence (respectively abbreviated G\"f and G\"c) are factors of general intelligence, originally identified by Raymond Cattell.", "Fluid and crystallized intelligence __knowledge__ Concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence were further developed by Cattell's student, John L. Horn.", "Fluid and crystallized intelligence __knowledge__ \"Fluid\" intelligence or \"fluid reasoning\" is the capacity to reason and solve novel problems, independent of any knowledge from the past.", "Fluid and crystallized intelligence __knowledge__ It is the ability to analyze novel problems, identify patterns and relationships that underpin these problems and the extrapolation of these using logic.", "Fluid and crystallized intelligence __knowledge__ It is necessary for all logical problem solving.", "Portal 2 __knowledge__ Portal 2 is a first-person puzzle-platform video game developed and published by Valve Corporation.", "Portal 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to \"Portal\" (2007) and was released on April 19, 2011 for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360.", "Portal 2 __knowledge__ The retail versions of the game were published by Electronic Arts, while online distribution of the PC versions is handled by Valve's content delivery service Steam.", "Portal 2 __knowledge__ \"Portal 2\" was announced in March 2010, following a week-long alternate reality game based on new patches to the original game.", "Portal 2 __knowledge__ Before the game's release on Steam, the company released the Potato Sack, a second multi-week alternate reality game, involving 13 independently developed titles which culminated in a distributed computing spoof to release \"Portal 2\" several hours early.", "Nine Hours, Nine Persons, Nine Doors __knowledge__ Nine Hours, Nine Persons, Nine Doors is a visual novel adventure game developed by Chunsoft.", "Nine Hours, Nine Persons, Nine Doors __knowledge__ The game is the first installment in the \"Zero Escape\" series, which also includes \"\" and \"Zero Time Dilemma\".", "Nine Hours, Nine Persons, Nine Doors __knowledge__ It was released in Japan in 2009 and in North America in 2010 for the Nintendo DS, with an iOS version following in 2013 in Japan and 2014 in the rest of the world.", "Nine Hours, Nine Persons, Nine Doors __knowledge__ A high-definition remake was published in 2017 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and PlayStation Vita, as part of the \"Zero Escape: The Nonary Games\" bundle, together with \"Virtue's Last Reward\".", "Nine Hours, Nine Persons, Nine Doors __knowledge__ The story follows Junpei, a college student who is abducted along with eight other people and forced to play the \"Nonary Game,\" which puts its participants in a life-or-death situation, to escape from a sinking cruise liner.", "Parkhudin __knowledge__ Parkhudin is a citizen of Afghanistan who was held in extrajudicial detention in the Bagram Collection Point and in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps in Cuba.", "Parkhudin __knowledge__ His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number was 896.", "Parkhudin __knowledge__ Tim Golden, of the \"New York Times\", interviewed Parkhudin when he broke the story of how Habibullah and Dilawar died under torture at the Bagram Theater Internment Facility in 2005.", "Parkhudin __knowledge__ In 2002, Parkhudin, a 26-year-old farmer, was a passenger in Dilawar's jitney taxi along with two other men, Abdur Rahim, and Zakim Shah.", "Parkhudin __knowledge__ All four men were taken captive by Jan Baz Khan, an Afghan militia leader who had a contract to provide security for Forward Operating Base Salerno." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Puzzle __knowledge__ A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together in a logical way, in order to arrive at the correct solution of the puzzle.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, or logic puzzles.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Puzzles are often created to be a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logistical problems.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ J The 1989 edition of the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" dates the word \"puzzle\" (as a verb) to the end of the 16th century.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Its first documented use (to describe a new type of game) was in a book titled \"The Voyage of Robert Dudley...to the West Indies, 1594–95, narrated by Capt.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Wyatt, by himself, and by Abram Kendall, master\" (published circa 1595).", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The word later came to be used as a noun.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The word puzzle comes from \"pusle\", meaning \"bewilder, confound\", which is a frequentive of the obsolete verb \"pose\" (from Medieval French \"aposer\") in the sense of \"perplex\".", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The use of the word to mean \"a toy contrived to test one's ingenuity\" is relatively recent (within mid-19th century).", "Charli XCX __knowledge__ Charlotte Emma Aitchison (born 2 August 1992), known professionally as Charli XCX, is an English singer and songwriter.", "Charli XCX __knowledge__ Initially performing at warehouse raves in London, she signed to Asylum Records in 2010 and released two mixtapes in 2012, \"Heartbreaks and Earthquakes\" and \"Super Ultra\".", "Charli XCX __knowledge__ In April 2013, XCX released her major label debut album, \"True Romance\"; it contained a number of singles which were previously released, including \"Nuclear Seasons\", released in 2011, and \"You're the One\", released under Warner Music in 2012.", "Charli XCX __knowledge__ Later, XCX provided lead vocals on two number one singles, Icona Pop's \"I Love It\" (2013) and Iggy Azalea's \"Fancy\" (2014), both of which she co-wrote.", "Fancy (Iggy Azalea song) __knowledge__ \"Fancy\" is a song by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea featuring British singer Charli XCX, taken from the former's debut studio album, \"The New Classic\" (2014).", "Fancy (Iggy Azalea song) __knowledge__ It was released on 17 February 2014 by Def Jam Recordings as the fourth single from the album.", "Fancy (Iggy Azalea song) __knowledge__ \"Fancy\" was described as an electro-hop song.", "Fancy (Iggy Azalea song) __knowledge__ It was written by Azalea and XCX, and composed and produced by production team the Invisible Men, alongside additional producers The Arcade.", "Fancy (Iggy Azalea song) __knowledge__ It was leaked under the title \"Leave It\" in December 2013.", "Fancy (Iggy Azalea song) __knowledge__ \"Fancy\" reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming both Azalea's and XCX's first number-one on that chart.", "Dirty Sexy Money (song) __knowledge__ \"Dirty Sexy Money\" is a song by French DJ and record producer David Guetta and Dutch DJ and record producer Afrojack, featuring English singer and songwriter Charli XCX and American hip hop recording artist French Montana.", "Dirty Sexy Money (song) __knowledge__ It was written by Charli XCX, Montana, Noonie Bao, A. G. Cook, Guetta and Afrojack, with production handled by the latter two.", "Dirty Sexy Money (song) __knowledge__ American music producer Skrillex co-produced the song.", "Dirty Sexy Money (song) __knowledge__ It was released on 2 November 2017 via What A Music.", "Dirty Sexy Money (song) __knowledge__ The song premiered during Guetta's final performance at Amsterdam Dance Event, when Afrojack joined him on stage.", "Dirty Sexy Money (song) __knowledge__ It released via on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio show.", "Charli XCX discography __knowledge__ English singer Charli XCX has released two studio albums, four mixtapes, two extended plays and 24 singles (including 10 as a featured artist).", "Charli XCX discography __knowledge__ In 2007, at the age of 14, Charli XCX began recording her debut album on a loan granted by her parents.", "Charli XCX discography __knowledge__ Titled \"14\", after her age at the time, it received only a restricted public release.", "Charli XCX discography __knowledge__ Two singles, \"!Franchesckaar!\"", "Charli XCX discography __knowledge__ and double A-side \"Emelline\"/\"Art Bitch\", were released in late 2008 under Orgy Music.", "Charli XCX discography __knowledge__ In June 2012, Charli XCX released her first original mixtape, titled \"Heartbreaks and Earthquakes\", a one-track file consisting of eight songs.", "Charli XCX discography __knowledge__ A second mixtape, titled \"Super Ultra\", was released in November of the same year.", "You're the One (Charli XCX song) __knowledge__ \"You're the One\" is a song by British singer and songwriter Charli XCX, released as her fifth single on 14 June 2012 exclusively in Australia under Warner Music, and the third single from her debut EP of the same name, and her major-label debut studio album \"True Romance\" (2013).", "You're the One (Charli XCX song) __knowledge__ Charli XCX wrote the song while working in Sweden.", "You're the One (Charli XCX song) __knowledge__ Producer Patrik Berger sent her two beats, one of which became Icona Pop's \"I Love It\" and the other of which became \"You're the One\".", "You're the One (Charli XCX song) __knowledge__ Having just fallen in love, Charli wrote the song to be \"about super amazing orgasmic love\".", "You're the One (Charli XCX song) __knowledge__ The song first appeared in 2011 under the title \"In the Dark\", in a demo form on the official promotional album sampler of \"True Romance\".", "Boom Clap __knowledge__ \"Boom Clap\" is a song by English singer and songwriter Charli XCX, released as the first single from the soundtrack album of \"The Fault in Our Stars\" (2014) and is also featured on XCX's second studio album, \"Sucker\".", "Boom Clap __knowledge__ There are two existing mixes of this song: the first and original one is heard in the film, the film's soundtrack, and the music video shot in Amsterdam; the second mix is heard on the music video shot in Japan and in \"Sucker\".", "Boom Clap __knowledge__ The single peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart and number eight on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and topped the Mainstream Top 40, as well as peaking inside the top ten of the charts in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland and Italy.", "Sucker (album) __knowledge__ Sucker is the second studio album by English singer and songwriter Charli XCX.", "Sucker (album) __knowledge__ It was released on 15 December 2014 by Asylum and Atlantic Records.", "Sucker (album) __knowledge__ The album was met with positive reviews from critics, praising its throwback style, and ended up being included on many year-end lists for best albums of the preceding 12 months.", "Sucker (album) __knowledge__ \"Sucker\" spawned the singles \"Boom Clap\", \"Break the Rules\", \"Doing It\" (featuring Rita Ora) and \"Famous\".", "Sucker (album) __knowledge__ Charli promoted the album through a series of public appearances and televised live performances, as well as appearing on the Jingle Ball Tour 2014.", "Sucker (album) __knowledge__ The album was supported by Charli's Girl Power North America Tour, which lasted from September to October 2014.", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ \"You (Ha Ha Ha)\" is a song by British singer and songwriter Charli XCX taken from her major label debut studio album, \"True Romance\" (2013).", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ It was released as the album's 4th single in February 2013, along with several remixes.", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ A music video for the song was released on YouTube on 10 January 2013.", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ \"You (Ha Ha Ha) relies heavily on a sample of Gold Panda's single \"You\".", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ The sample provides \"psychedelic loops\" to the track, that contains \"maddening trance and haunted-house echoes\" and\"aural flourishes\".", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ The sound of the single has been described as a \"combination of UK electro and saccharine vocals\".", "True Romance (Charli XCX album) __knowledge__ True Romance is the debut studio album by English singer Charli XCX.", "True Romance (Charli XCX album) __knowledge__ It was released on 12 April 2013 by Asylum and Atlantic Records.", "True Romance (Charli XCX album) __knowledge__ Originally scheduled for release in April 2012, the album's release was delayed for a full year and had been in the making since early 2010 when Charli met with producer Ariel Rechtshaid in Los Angeles.", "True Romance (Charli XCX album) __knowledge__ To promote the album's release, Charli embarked on a three-date UK promotional tour in April 2013.", "True Romance (Charli XCX album) __knowledge__ \"You're the One\" has been compared to Siouxsie and the Banshees' 1991 song \"Kiss Them for Me\" and Charli agreed: \"At the time, I was listening to a lot of dark pop, so I was inspired by a lot of the deep bass sounds." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Puzzle __knowledge__ A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together in a logical way, in order to arrive at the correct solution of the puzzle.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, or logic puzzles.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Puzzles are often created to be a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logistical problems.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ J The 1989 edition of the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" dates the word \"puzzle\" (as a verb) to the end of the 16th century.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Its first documented use (to describe a new type of game) was in a book titled \"The Voyage of Robert Dudley...to the West Indies, 1594–95, narrated by Capt.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ Wyatt, by himself, and by Abram Kendall, master\" (published circa 1595).", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The word later came to be used as a noun.", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The word puzzle comes from \"pusle\", meaning \"bewilder, confound\", which is a frequentive of the obsolete verb \"pose\" (from Medieval French \"aposer\") in the sense of \"perplex\".", "Puzzle __knowledge__ The use of the word to mean \"a toy contrived to test one's ingenuity\" is relatively recent (within mid-19th century).", "Exact cover __knowledge__ In mathematics, given a collection formula_1 of subsets of a set \"X\", an exact cover is a subcollection formula_2 of formula_1 such that each element in \"X\" is contained in \"exactly one\" subset in formula_2.", "Exact cover __knowledge__ One says that each element in \"X\" is covered by exactly one subset in formula_2.", "Exact cover __knowledge__ An exact cover is a kind of cover.", "Exact cover __knowledge__ In computer science, the exact cover problem is a decision problem to determine if an exact cover exists.", "Exact cover __knowledge__ The exact cover problem is NP-complete and is one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems.", "Exact cover __knowledge__ The exact cover problem is a kind of constraint satisfaction problem.", "Exact cover __knowledge__ An exact cover problem can be represented by an incidence matrix or a bipartite graph.", "Community card poker __knowledge__ Community card poker refers to any game of poker that uses community cards (also called \"shared cards\" or \"window cards\"), which are cards dealt face up in the center of the table and shared by all players.", "Community card poker __knowledge__ In these games, each player is dealt privately an incomplete hand (\"hole cards\"), which are then combined with the community cards to make a complete hand.", "Community card poker __knowledge__ The set of community cards is called the \"board\", and may be dealt in a simple line or arranged in a special pattern.", "Community card poker __knowledge__ Rules of each game determine how they may be combined with each player's private hand.", "Community card poker __knowledge__ The most popular community card game today is Texas hold 'em, originating sometime in the 1920s.", "Floating-point arithmetic __knowledge__ In computing, floating-point arithmetic is arithmetic using formulaic representation of real numbers as an approximation so as to support a trade-off between range and precision.", "Floating-point arithmetic __knowledge__ For this reason, floating-point computation is often found in systems which include very small and very large real numbers, which require fast processing times.", "Floating-point arithmetic __knowledge__ A number is, in general, represented approximately to a fixed number of significant digits (the significand) and scaled using an exponent in some fixed base; the base for the scaling is normally two, ten, or sixteen.", "Floating-point arithmetic __knowledge__ A number that can be represented exactly is of the following form: where significand is an integer (i.e., in Z), base is an integer greater than or equal to two, and exponent is also an integer.", "Exact division __knowledge__ An exact division, also called even division or consensus division, is a division of a heterogeneous resource (\"cake\") to several subsets such that each of \"n\" people with different tastes agree about the valuations of the pieces.", "Exact division __knowledge__ For example, consider a cake which is half chocolate and half vanilla.", "Exact division __knowledge__ Alice values only the chocolate and George values only the vanilla.", "Exact division __knowledge__ The cake is divided to three pieces: one piece contains 20% of the chocolate and 20% of the vanilla, the second contains 50% of the chocolate and 50% of the vanilla, and the third contains the rest of the cake.", "Exact division __knowledge__ This is a consensus division, as both Alice and George value the three pieces as 20%, 50% and 30% respectively.", "Leaky bucket __knowledge__ The leaky bucket is an algorithm based on an analogy of how a bucket with a leak will overflow if either the average rate at which water is poured in exceeds the rate at which the bucket leaks or if more water than the capacity of the bucket is poured in all at once, and how the water leaks from the bucket at an (almost) constant rate.", "Leaky bucket __knowledge__ It can be used to determine whether some sequence of discrete events conforms to defined limits on their average and peak rates or frequencies, or to directly limit the actions associated to these events to these rates, and may be used to limit these actions to an average rate alone, i.e.", "Large numbers __knowledge__ Large numbers are numbers that are significantly larger than those ordinarily used in everyday life, for instance in simple counting or in monetary transactions.", "Large numbers __knowledge__ The term typically refers to large positive integers, or more generally, large positive real numbers, but it may also be used in other contexts.", "Large numbers __knowledge__ Very large numbers often occur in fields such as mathematics, cosmology, cryptography, and statistical mechanics.", "Large numbers __knowledge__ Sometimes people refer to numbers as being \"astronomically large\".", "Large numbers __knowledge__ However, it is easy to mathematically define numbers that are much larger even than those used in astronomy.", "Large numbers __knowledge__ Scientific notation was created to handle the wide range of values that occur in scientific study.", "Fuzzy concept __knowledge__ A fuzzy concept is a concept of which the boundaries of application can vary considerably according to context or conditions, instead of being fixed once and for all.", "Fuzzy concept __knowledge__ This means the concept is \"vague\" in some way, lacking a fixed, precise meaning, without however being unclear or meaningless altogether.", "Fuzzy concept __knowledge__ It has a definite meaning, which can be made more precise only through further elaboration and specification, including a closer definition of the context in which the concept is used.", "Fuzzy concept __knowledge__ A fuzzy concept is understood by scientists as a concept which is \"to an extent applicable\" in a situation, and it therefore implies gradations of significance or unsharp (variable) boundaries of application.", "Charli XCX __knowledge__ Charlotte Emma Aitchison (born 2 August 1992), known professionally as Charli XCX, is an English singer and songwriter.", "Charli XCX __knowledge__ Initially performing at warehouse raves in London, she signed to Asylum Records in 2010 and released two mixtapes in 2012, \"Heartbreaks and Earthquakes\" and \"Super Ultra\".", "Charli XCX __knowledge__ In April 2013, XCX released her major label debut album, \"True Romance\"; it contained a number of singles which were previously released, including \"Nuclear Seasons\", released in 2011, and \"You're the One\", released under Warner Music in 2012.", "Charli XCX __knowledge__ Later, XCX provided lead vocals on two number one singles, Icona Pop's \"I Love It\" (2013) and Iggy Azalea's \"Fancy\" (2014), both of which she co-wrote.", "D. Craig Aitchison __knowledge__ Brigadier General D. Craig Aitchison is a Canadian military officer, who is currently serving as the Chief of Staff for the Coalition Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC-I).", "D. Craig Aitchison __knowledge__ He is the former Director of Army Staff and Director of Infantry for the Canadian Forces, the former Commandant of the Infantry School, and the former Commander of the Combat Training Centre.", "D. Craig Aitchison __knowledge__ BGen.", "D. Craig Aitchison __knowledge__ Aitchison holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from the University of New Brunswick.", "D. Craig Aitchison __knowledge__ a master's degree in Defence Studies from the Joint Command and Staff Program at the Canadian Forces College, as well as a master's degree in Military Art and Science from the United States Army School of Advanced Military Studies.", "Aitchison College __knowledge__ Aitchison College () is an independent, semi-private boys school for boarding and day students from grade 1–13.", "Aitchison College __knowledge__ The school is located in Lahore, Pakistan.", "Aitchison College __knowledge__ Established in 1886 as Aitchison College, it has a tradition of providing an education that uses academics, sports, and co-curricular activities as tools for character development.", "Aitchison College __knowledge__ The school follows a curriculum designed to culminate in International General Certificate of Education and AS Level/A Level qualifications and is geared towards preparing students for university education.", "Aitchison College __knowledge__ Almost 90% of boys who graduate study overseas for their bachelor program with many gaining entry to the world's top universities.", "Craigie Aitchison (painter) __knowledge__ John Ronald Craigie Aitchison CBE RSA RA (13 January 192621 December 2009) was a Scottish painter.", "Craigie Aitchison (painter) __knowledge__ He was best known for his many paintings of the Crucifixion, one of which hangs behind the altar in the chapter house of Liverpool Cathedral, Italian landscapes, and portraits (mainly of black men, or of dogs).", "Craigie Aitchison (painter) __knowledge__ His simple style with bright, childlike colours defied description, and was compared to the Scottish Colourists, primitivists or naive artists, although Brian Sewell dismissed him as \"a painter of too considered trifles\".", "Craigie Aitchison (painter) __knowledge__ His career-long fascination with the crucificion was triggered by a visit to see Salvador Dalí's \"Christ of St John of the Cross\" in 1951 after it was acquired by the Kelvingrove Gallery.", "Alexander Aitchison __knowledge__ Alexander Aitchison (May 20, 1850 – April 5, 1905) was the first full-time fire chief for the city of Hamilton, Ontario.", "Alexander Aitchison __knowledge__ Alexander Aitchison was born on May 20, 1850 at Binghamton, New York to parents William and Janet.", "Alexander Aitchison __knowledge__ Although the family moved to Hamilton, Ontario in 1853, Alexander returned to New York upon leaving school to become an apprentice carpenter.", "Alexander Aitchison __knowledge__ In 1870, Aitchison returned to Hamilton to take up a foreman's position in his father's planing mill and box factory.", "Alexander Aitchison __knowledge__ Soon after, he was taken into partnership with the firm, Aitchison and Company, in charge of the box department.", "Alexander Aitchison __knowledge__ However, in November 1877, Alexander became a volunteer with the Hamilton fire brigade.", "Charles Umpherston Aitchison __knowledge__ Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison (1832 – 1896), was a Scottish born Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, then a province of British India.", "Charles Umpherston Aitchison __knowledge__ He founded Aitchison College, Lahore in 1886.", "Charles Umpherston Aitchison __knowledge__ He served as Chief Commissioner of the British Crown Colony of Burma from March 1878 to May 1880.", "Charles Umpherston Aitchison __knowledge__ Aitchison was born in Edinburgh.", "Charles Umpherston Aitchison __knowledge__ Charles Umpherston Aitchison, born in Edinburgh on 20 May 1832, was the son of Hugh Aitchison of that city, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Umpherston of Loanhead near Edinburgh.", "Charles Umpherston Aitchison __knowledge__ He was educated at the Royal High School and the University of Edinburgh, where he took the degree of M.A.", "Henry Bennett (rose hybridizer) __knowledge__ Henry Bennett (1823–1890) was a pioneer in the systematic, deliberate hybridisation of roses.", "Henry Bennett (rose hybridizer) __knowledge__ The tenant farmer from Stapleford in the Wylye Valley near Salisbury, Wiltshire (United Kingdom) applied the systematic breeding used in raising cattle to roses and emphasised that his roses were raised scientifically from known parents.", "Henry Bennett (rose hybridizer) __knowledge__ His hybrids, between Teas and Hybrid Perpetuals, were called Pedigree Hybrids of the Tea Rose.", "Henry Bennett (rose hybridizer) __knowledge__ He is considered the father of the Hybrid Tea class.", "Henry Bennett (rose hybridizer) __knowledge__ Important cultivars are the Hybrid Tea 'Lady Mary Fitzwilliam' (1882), a parent of 'Mme.", "Henry Bennett (rose hybridizer) __knowledge__ Caroline Testout' and the Hybrid Perpetuals 'Captain Hayward' (1893) and 'Mrs." ] ]

[ 1, 12, 12, 28 ]

[ "I love solving puzzles. These games tests individual's knowledge and expands its capacity", "Interestingly, as you cited \"Ha Ha Ha\" is a song by Charli XCX, who is British singer", "She was born on August 2 1992 as Charlotte Emma Aitchison", "I am not really, but in puzzle games, exact division is a heterogeneous resource of several subsets" ]

[ "Puzzle", "Puzzle", "Puzzle", "Puzzle" ]

[ "Burrito\nI love burritos, how about you?", "I like burritos from Taco Bell.", "I like burritos from Taco Bell.", "Cool. Are they all in the USA?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Burrito __knowledge__ Burrito sizes vary greatly and some can be very large.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The word \"burrito\" means \"little donkey\" in Spanish, as a diminutive form of \"burro\", or \"donkey\".", "Burrito __knowledge__ The name \"burrito\", as applied to the dish, possibly derives from the appearance of bedrolls and packs that donkeys carried.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In other regions of Mexico such as in the state of Tamaulipas, similar types of food are known as \"flauta\" (flute).", "Burrito __knowledge__ Before the development of the modern burrito, the Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico used corn tortillas to wrap foods, with fillings of chili peppers, tomatoes, mushrooms, squash, and avocados.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ A Mission burrito (also known as a San Francisco burrito or a Mission-style burrito) is a type of burrito that first became popular during the 1960s in the Mission District of San Francisco, California.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ It is distinguished from other burritos by its large size and inclusion of extra rice and other ingredients.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ A key method to the burritos' construction is to steam the wheat flour tortilla to increase its flexibility prior to adding the other ingredients, although that is not a requirement and burritos may be grilled instead.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ It has been referred to as one of three major styles of burritos in the United States, following the earlier, simple burrito consisting of beans, rice, and meat.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. () is an American chain of fast casual restaurants in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and France, specializing in tacos and Mission-style burritos.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Its name derives from \"chipotle\", the Nahuatl name for a smoked and dried jalapeño chili pepper.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ The company trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol CMG.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Chipotle is one of the first chains of fast casual dining establishments.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Competitors in the fast-casual Mexican market include Qdoba Mexican Grill, Moe's Southwest Grill, Rubio's Coastal Grill, Pancheros Mexican Grill, Freebirds World Burrito, and Baja Fresh.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ Hot Head Burritos is a restaurant chain based in Dayton, Ohio.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ The restaurant specializes in Mexican-style burritos and other Mexican-style foods.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ Hot Head Burritos was ranked by AOL.com in 2009 as one of America's next big chains.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ In 2011, Hot Head Burritos was named 41st on FastCasual's list of 2011's Top 100 Movers and Shakers.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ As of October 2016, 75 locations were in operation in the United States.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ The company plans to continue to add more restaurants in the Dayton region.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ They have also announced plans to expand into Kentucky and Cincinnati.", "Hot Head Burritos __knowledge__ In 2011, Hot Head announced plans to move into the Columbus, Ohio market.", "Gram Parsons __knowledge__ Ingram Cecil Connor III (November 5, 1946 – September 19, 1973), known professionally as Gram Parsons, was an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and pianist.", "Gram Parsons __knowledge__ Parsons is best known for his work within the country music genre; he also popularized what he called \"Cosmic American Music\", a hybrid of country, rhythm and blues, soul, folk, and rock.", "Gram Parsons __knowledge__ Besides recording as a solo artist, he played with the International Submarine Band, The Byrds, and The Flying Burrito Brothers.", "Gram Parsons __knowledge__ His relatively short career is described by AllMusic as \"enormously influential\" for country and rock, \"blending the two genres to the point that they became indistinguishable from each other.\"", "Burrito Deluxe __knowledge__ Burrito Deluxe is the second album by the country rock group The Flying Burrito Brothers, released in May 1970 on A&M Records, catalogue 4258.", "Burrito Deluxe __knowledge__ It is the last to feature Gram Parsons prior to his dismissal from the group.", "Burrito Deluxe __knowledge__ It contains the first issued version of the song \"Wild Horses,\" released almost a year before its appearance on \"Sticky Fingers\" by The Rolling Stones.", "Burrito Deluxe __knowledge__ After the release of the group's debut album, ex-Byrd Michael Clarke was hired as the band's full-time drummer — he had recently been performing drumming duties for another band led by another ex-Byrd, Dillard and Clark.", "Burrito Deluxe __knowledge__ In the fall of 1969 bassist Chris Ethridge left out of frustration at the band's lack of success, and in his place the Burritos snagged another member of the disintegrating Dillard and Clark unit, guitarist Bernie Leadon.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell is an American chain of fast food restaurants based out of Irvine, California and a subsidiary of Yum!", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Brands, Inc.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ The restaurants serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods that include tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty and specialty items, and a variety of \"value menu\" items.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ , Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell, who first opened a hot dog stand called Bell's Drive-In in San Bernardino, California in 1946 when he was 23 years old." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Burrito __knowledge__ Burrito sizes vary greatly and some can be very large.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The word \"burrito\" means \"little donkey\" in Spanish, as a diminutive form of \"burro\", or \"donkey\".", "Burrito __knowledge__ The name \"burrito\", as applied to the dish, possibly derives from the appearance of bedrolls and packs that donkeys carried.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In other regions of Mexico such as in the state of Tamaulipas, similar types of food are known as \"flauta\" (flute).", "Burrito __knowledge__ Before the development of the modern burrito, the Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico used corn tortillas to wrap foods, with fillings of chili peppers, tomatoes, mushrooms, squash, and avocados.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell is an American chain of fast food restaurants based out of Irvine, California and a subsidiary of Yum!", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Brands, Inc.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ The restaurants serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods that include tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty and specialty items, and a variety of \"value menu\" items.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ , Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell, who first opened a hot dog stand called Bell's Drive-In in San Bernardino, California in 1946 when he was 23 years old.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ Gidget (February 7, 1994 – July 21, 2009), nicknamed the \"Taco Bell Chihuahua\", was an advertising figure and mascot for the Taco Bell restaurant chain from September 1997 to July 2000.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ It was voiced by Carlos Alazraqui, and developed by TBWA.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ The Chihuahua is a breed commonly associated with Mexico.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ At least two dogs were used as models in the commercials.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ The original dog cast for the lead role was named Dinky, but was replaced at the last minute by the director with the Chihuahua that was originally cast as the \"girlfriend\" named Gidget.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ Taco was another Chihuahua and was a stand-in for Gidget.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Del Taco is an American fast food restaurant chain which specializes in American-style Mexican cuisine as well as American foods such as burgers, fries, and shakes.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Del Taco is led by CEO John D. Cappasola, Jr., and is headquartered in Lake Forest, California.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ The first Del Taco restaurant was opened by Ed Hackbarth and David Jameson in Yermo, California, on September 16, 1964.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ On the first day of business, Del Taco made $169.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Success of the first restaurant led to two in Barstow, one in Needles, and a fifth restaurant in Corona (the first Del Taco with a drive-through window).", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Dick Naugle, who installed the kitchen equipment in the Corona store, was impressed by the design and joined Hackbarth and Jameson in the fledgling business.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ In 2006, there were several outbreaks of foodborne illness from spinach and lettuce contaminated by .", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ The initial outbreak occurred in September 2006 and its probable origin was an Angus cattle ranch that had leased land to spinach grower (growing under organic practices).", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ At least 205 consumer illnesses and 3 deaths have been attributed to the tainted produce.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ In December 2006, Taco Bell restaurants in four Northeastern states emerged as a common link among 71 sickened people across five states, 52 of whom were ultimately confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control to have tested positive the same \"E. coli\" strain.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ Dollar Cravings (or $1 Dollar Cravings) is the value menu of American fast-food restaurant Taco Bell.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ Dollar Cravings was launched August 18, 2014 in reaction to the new McDonald's and Wendy's value/dollar menus.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ The current menu contains 11 food items.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ Dollar Cravings replaced Taco Bell's previous value menu Why Pay More.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ A Taco Bell spokesperson said few of the food items from the Why Pay More menu will remain in Dollar Cravings.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ In March 10, 2016, Taco Bell introduced a breakfast value menu.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ On 26 December 2012, fast food culture site \"Brand Eating\" reported Taco Bell planned to replace their value menu Why Pay More with Dollar Cravings.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ A taco stand or taqueria is a food stall, food cart or restaurant that specializes in tacos and other Mexican dishes.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ The food is typically prepared quickly and tends to be inexpensive.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Many various ingredients may be used, and various taco styles may be served.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Taco stands are an integral part of Mexican street food.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Tacos became a part of traditional Mexican cuisine in the early 20th Century, beginning in Mexico City, as what had been a miner's snack began to be sold on street corners in the city.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Shops selling tacos have since proliferated throughout Mexico and other areas with a heavy Mexican culinary and cultural influence, including much of the Western United States and most other larger American cities.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Tejano __knowledge__ The Tejano (Spanish for \"Texan\") are residents of the state of Texas who are culturally descended from the original Spanish-speaking settlers of Texas and northern Mexico.", "Tejano __knowledge__ They may be variously of Criollo Spanish or Mexican American .", "Tejano __knowledge__ Historically, the Spanish term \"Tejano\" has been used to identify various groups of people.", "Tejano __knowledge__ During the Spanish colonial era, the term was primarily applied to Spanish settlers of the region now known as the state of Texas (first it was part of New Spain and after 1821 it was part of Mexico).", "Tejano __knowledge__ After settlers entered from the United States and gained the independence of the Republic of Texas, the term was applied to mostly Spanish-speaking Texans, Hispanicized Germans, and other Spanish-speaking residents.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Tex-Mex cuisine in Houston __knowledge__ Tex-Mex cuisine is very popular in Houston.", "Tex-Mex cuisine in Houston __knowledge__ Many Mexican cuisine restaurants in Houston have aspects that originate from Texas culture.", "Tex-Mex cuisine in Houston __knowledge__ Katharine Shilcutt of the \"Houston Press\" said in 2012 that \"Tex-Mex has been a vital part of our city for more than 100 years\" and that it \"never waned in that century.\"", "Tex-Mex cuisine in Houston __knowledge__ She added that \"[t]he cultural significance of Tex-Mex as a vital touchstone between generations and an expression of our roots cannot be denied.\"", "Tex-Mex cuisine in Houston __knowledge__ In his book \"\", Arnoldo De León said that the recent immigrants from Mexico to Houston add foods that are popular with immigrants to menus of Mexican restaurants in Houston.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Burrito __knowledge__ Burrito sizes vary greatly and some can be very large.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The word \"burrito\" means \"little donkey\" in Spanish, as a diminutive form of \"burro\", or \"donkey\".", "Burrito __knowledge__ The name \"burrito\", as applied to the dish, possibly derives from the appearance of bedrolls and packs that donkeys carried.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In other regions of Mexico such as in the state of Tamaulipas, similar types of food are known as \"flauta\" (flute).", "Burrito __knowledge__ Before the development of the modern burrito, the Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico used corn tortillas to wrap foods, with fillings of chili peppers, tomatoes, mushrooms, squash, and avocados.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell is an American chain of fast food restaurants based out of Irvine, California and a subsidiary of Yum!", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Brands, Inc.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ The restaurants serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods that include tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty and specialty items, and a variety of \"value menu\" items.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ , Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell, who first opened a hot dog stand called Bell's Drive-In in San Bernardino, California in 1946 when he was 23 years old.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ Gidget (February 7, 1994 – July 21, 2009), nicknamed the \"Taco Bell Chihuahua\", was an advertising figure and mascot for the Taco Bell restaurant chain from September 1997 to July 2000.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ It was voiced by Carlos Alazraqui, and developed by TBWA.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ The Chihuahua is a breed commonly associated with Mexico.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ At least two dogs were used as models in the commercials.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ The original dog cast for the lead role was named Dinky, but was replaced at the last minute by the director with the Chihuahua that was originally cast as the \"girlfriend\" named Gidget.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ Taco was another Chihuahua and was a stand-in for Gidget.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Del Taco is an American fast food restaurant chain which specializes in American-style Mexican cuisine as well as American foods such as burgers, fries, and shakes.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Del Taco is led by CEO John D. Cappasola, Jr., and is headquartered in Lake Forest, California.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ The first Del Taco restaurant was opened by Ed Hackbarth and David Jameson in Yermo, California, on September 16, 1964.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ On the first day of business, Del Taco made $169.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Success of the first restaurant led to two in Barstow, one in Needles, and a fifth restaurant in Corona (the first Del Taco with a drive-through window).", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Dick Naugle, who installed the kitchen equipment in the Corona store, was impressed by the design and joined Hackbarth and Jameson in the fledgling business.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ In 2006, there were several outbreaks of foodborne illness from spinach and lettuce contaminated by .", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ The initial outbreak occurred in September 2006 and its probable origin was an Angus cattle ranch that had leased land to spinach grower (growing under organic practices).", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ At least 205 consumer illnesses and 3 deaths have been attributed to the tainted produce.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ In December 2006, Taco Bell restaurants in four Northeastern states emerged as a common link among 71 sickened people across five states, 52 of whom were ultimately confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control to have tested positive the same \"E. coli\" strain.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ Dollar Cravings (or $1 Dollar Cravings) is the value menu of American fast-food restaurant Taco Bell.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ Dollar Cravings was launched August 18, 2014 in reaction to the new McDonald's and Wendy's value/dollar menus.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ The current menu contains 11 food items.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ Dollar Cravings replaced Taco Bell's previous value menu Why Pay More.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ A Taco Bell spokesperson said few of the food items from the Why Pay More menu will remain in Dollar Cravings.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ In March 10, 2016, Taco Bell introduced a breakfast value menu.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ On 26 December 2012, fast food culture site \"Brand Eating\" reported Taco Bell planned to replace their value menu Why Pay More with Dollar Cravings.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ A taco stand or taqueria is a food stall, food cart or restaurant that specializes in tacos and other Mexican dishes.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ The food is typically prepared quickly and tends to be inexpensive.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Many various ingredients may be used, and various taco styles may be served.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Taco stands are an integral part of Mexican street food.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Tacos became a part of traditional Mexican cuisine in the early 20th Century, beginning in Mexico City, as what had been a miner's snack began to be sold on street corners in the city.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Shops selling tacos have since proliferated throughout Mexico and other areas with a heavy Mexican culinary and cultural influence, including much of the Western United States and most other larger American cities.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC, until 1991 known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken.", "KFC __knowledge__ Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories .", "KFC __knowledge__ The chain is a subsidiary of Yum!", "KFC __knowledge__ Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Burrito __knowledge__ Burrito sizes vary greatly and some can be very large.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The word \"burrito\" means \"little donkey\" in Spanish, as a diminutive form of \"burro\", or \"donkey\".", "Burrito __knowledge__ The name \"burrito\", as applied to the dish, possibly derives from the appearance of bedrolls and packs that donkeys carried.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In other regions of Mexico such as in the state of Tamaulipas, similar types of food are known as \"flauta\" (flute).", "Burrito __knowledge__ Before the development of the modern burrito, the Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico used corn tortillas to wrap foods, with fillings of chili peppers, tomatoes, mushrooms, squash, and avocados.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ It has associations of composure and self-control (cf.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ the OED definition) and often is used as an expression of admiration or approval.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Although commonly regarded as slang, it is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ There is no single concept of cool.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ One of the essential characteristics of cool is its mutability—what is considered cool changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Daddy Cool is an Australian rock band formed in Melbourne in 1970 with the original line-up of Wayne Duncan (bass, vocals), Ross Hannaford (lead guitar, bass, vocals), Ross Wilson (lead vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica) and Gary Young (drums, vocals) .", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Their debut single \"Eagle Rock\" was released in May 1971 and stayed at number 1 on the Australian singles chart for ten weeks.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Their debut July 1971 LP \"Daddy Who?", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Daddy Cool\" also reached number 1 and became the first Australian album to sell more than 100,000 copies.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Their name comes from the 1957 song \"Daddy Cool\" by US rock group The Rays.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Daddy Cool included their version on \"Daddy Who?", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album, \"Confident\" (2015).", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song was released on July 1, 2015, by Hollywood, and Island Records, and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Lovato co-wrote \"Cool for the Summer\" with Alexander Erik Kronlund, Savan Kotecha, and the song's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Musically, it is a pop rock song featuring electronic instrumental arrangement.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" topped the digital chart in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, as well as the top 20 in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Slovakia, Spain, and the United States.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ \"Reflective surfaces\" are surfaces that can deliver high solar reflectance (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths of the sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface) and high thermal emittance (the ability to radiate absorbed, or non-reflected solar energy).", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Reflective surfaces are a form of geoengineering.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ The most well-known type of reflective surface is the \"cool roof\".", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ While cool roofs are mostly associated with white roofs, they come in a variety of colors and materials and are available for both commercial and residential buildings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Today's \"cool roof\" pigments allow metal roofing products to be EnergyStar rated in dark colors, even black.", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ \"NME\" Cool List is an annual listing of popular musicians compiled by the weekly British music magazine \"NME\".", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ The list is created each November by the magazine's writers and journalists, and is based on the 50 musicians that they consider to be the \"coolest\".", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ Each year's list is first announced by \"NME\" through both a dedicated issue of their magazine and their official website, NME.com – the Cool List issue often attracts high sales.", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ The list was first published in 2002, to highlight the people who were \"at the forefront of the music scene\" – Jack White, the lead singer of American rock band The White Stripes, topped the first poll.", "Phil Cool __knowledge__ Phil Cool (born Philip Martin, April 1948) is a retired English comedian, impressionist and musician, perhaps best known for his television series \"Cool It\" (1985–1990), \"Cool Head\" (1991) and \"Phil Cool\" (1992).", "Phil Cool __knowledge__ He performed as a touring comedian until his retirement in 2013.", "Phil Cool __knowledge__ Writing for the BBC in 2003, author Mark Lewisohn said: \"Cool was an amazing talent... able to contort his features into a caricature semblance of the intended victim.", "Phil Cool __knowledge__ Sometimes so uncanny was this facial transformation that he didn't need traditional sketch material.\"", "Phil Cool __knowledge__ Born in Chorley, Lancashire, Cool discovered that he had a skill for pulling faces when he was a 12-year-old at school.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell is an American chain of fast food restaurants based out of Irvine, California and a subsidiary of Yum!", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Brands, Inc.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ The restaurants serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods that include tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty and specialty items, and a variety of \"value menu\" items.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ , Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell, who first opened a hot dog stand called Bell's Drive-In in San Bernardino, California in 1946 when he was 23 years old.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ Gidget (February 7, 1994 – July 21, 2009), nicknamed the \"Taco Bell Chihuahua\", was an advertising figure and mascot for the Taco Bell restaurant chain from September 1997 to July 2000.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ It was voiced by Carlos Alazraqui, and developed by TBWA.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ The Chihuahua is a breed commonly associated with Mexico.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ At least two dogs were used as models in the commercials.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ The original dog cast for the lead role was named Dinky, but was replaced at the last minute by the director with the Chihuahua that was originally cast as the \"girlfriend\" named Gidget.", "Taco Bell chihuahua __knowledge__ Taco was another Chihuahua and was a stand-in for Gidget.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ Dollar Cravings (or $1 Dollar Cravings) is the value menu of American fast-food restaurant Taco Bell.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ Dollar Cravings was launched August 18, 2014 in reaction to the new McDonald's and Wendy's value/dollar menus.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ The current menu contains 11 food items.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ Dollar Cravings replaced Taco Bell's previous value menu Why Pay More.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ A Taco Bell spokesperson said few of the food items from the Why Pay More menu will remain in Dollar Cravings.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ In March 10, 2016, Taco Bell introduced a breakfast value menu.", "Dollar Cravings __knowledge__ On 26 December 2012, fast food culture site \"Brand Eating\" reported Taco Bell planned to replace their value menu Why Pay More with Dollar Cravings.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ In 2006, there were several outbreaks of foodborne illness from spinach and lettuce contaminated by .", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ The initial outbreak occurred in September 2006 and its probable origin was an Angus cattle ranch that had leased land to spinach grower (growing under organic practices).", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ At least 205 consumer illnesses and 3 deaths have been attributed to the tainted produce.", "2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks __knowledge__ In December 2006, Taco Bell restaurants in four Northeastern states emerged as a common link among 71 sickened people across five states, 52 of whom were ultimately confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control to have tested positive the same \"E. coli\" strain.", "Front Row Motorsports __knowledge__ Front Row Motorsports is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series.", "Front Row Motorsports __knowledge__ The team began running part-time in 2004 as Means-Jenkins Motorsports under a partnership with Jimmy Means and restaurant entrepreneur Bob Jenkins, with Jenkins becoming the full team owner in 2005.", "Front Row Motorsports __knowledge__ The team currently fields the No.", "Front Row Motorsports __knowledge__ 34 Ford Fusion full-time for Michael McDowell, and the No.", "Front Row Motorsports __knowledge__ 38 Fusion full-time for David Ragan.", "Front Row Motorsports __knowledge__ Front Row has become known as one of the more prominent small-budget teams in the Cup Series, operating with around 60 employees on a fraction of the budget of larger teams, and with equipment often coming second-hand from other Ford teams such as Roush-Fenway Racing.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ A taco stand or taqueria is a food stall, food cart or restaurant that specializes in tacos and other Mexican dishes.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ The food is typically prepared quickly and tends to be inexpensive.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Many various ingredients may be used, and various taco styles may be served.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Taco stands are an integral part of Mexican street food.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Tacos became a part of traditional Mexican cuisine in the early 20th Century, beginning in Mexico City, as what had been a miner's snack began to be sold on street corners in the city.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Shops selling tacos have since proliferated throughout Mexico and other areas with a heavy Mexican culinary and cultural influence, including much of the Western United States and most other larger American cities.", "StarLink corn recall __knowledge__ The StarLink corn recalls occurred in the autumn of 2000, when over 300 food products were found to contain a genetically modified corn that had not been approved for human consumption.", "StarLink corn recall __knowledge__ It was the first-ever recall of a genetically modified food.", "StarLink corn recall __knowledge__ The anti-GMO activist coalition Genetically Engineered Food Alert, which detected and first reported the contamination, was critical of the FDA for not doing its job.", "StarLink corn recall __knowledge__ The recall of Taco Bell-branded taco shells, manufactured by Kraft Foods and sold in supermarkets, was the most publicized of the recalls.", "StarLink corn recall __knowledge__ One settlement resulted in $60 million going to Taco Bell franchisees for lost sales due to the damage to the Taco Bell brand." ] ]

[ 1, 15, 16, 0 ]

[ "I love them, specially being from Texas the burrito is a type of food in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings", "I know, the burritos from taco bell are the best no wonder Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants", "They are pretty good a quick fact about taco bell is that Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell.", "Yes, i believe that taco bell only resides in the US." ]

[ "Burrito", "Burrito", "Burrito", "Burrito" ]

[ "Cake decorating", "Yeah I love that show. I seen it once or twice. What's your favorite type of cake?", "Wow pretty cool. I like strawberry shortcake! " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cake decorating is one of the sugar arts that uses icing or frosting and other edible decorative elements to make plain cakes more visually interesting.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Alternatively, cakes can be molded and sculpted to resemble three-dimensional persons, places and things.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cakes are decorated to mark a special celebration (such as a birthday or wedding).", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ They can also mark national or religious holidays, or be used to promote commercial enterprises.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ However, cakes may be baked and decorated for almost any social occasion.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cake decorating originated in 17th century Europe.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ During the 1840s, the advent of temperature-controlled ovens and the production of baking powder made baking cakes much easier.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ As temperature control technology improved, an increased emphasis on presentation and ornamentation developed.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cakes began to take on decorative shapes, were adorned with additional icing formed into patterns and flowers, and food coloring was used to accent frosting or layers of cake.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cake decorating was rumored to be started by a French bakery in the 1840s where a French baker wanted to increase the prices of the cakes and hence thought to decorate it.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Even though baking from scratch decreased during the latter part of the 20th century in the United States, decorated cakes have remained an important part of celebrations such as weddings, anniversaries, birthdays, showers and other special occasions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cake decorating is one of the sugar arts that uses icing or frosting and other edible decorative elements to make plain cakes more visually interesting.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Alternatively, cakes can be molded and sculpted to resemble three-dimensional persons, places and things.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cakes are decorated to mark a special celebration (such as a birthday or wedding).", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ They can also mark national or religious holidays, or be used to promote commercial enterprises.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ However, cakes may be baked and decorated for almost any social occasion.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cake decorating originated in 17th century Europe.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ During the 1840s, the advent of temperature-controlled ovens and the production of baking powder made baking cakes much easier.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ As temperature control technology improved, an increased emphasis on presentation and ornamentation developed.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cakes began to take on decorative shapes, were adorned with additional icing formed into patterns and flowers, and food coloring was used to accent frosting or layers of cake.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cake decorating was rumored to be started by a French bakery in the 1840s where a French baker wanted to increase the prices of the cakes and hence thought to decorate it.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Even though baking from scratch decreased during the latter part of the 20th century in the United States, decorated cakes have remained an important part of celebrations such as weddings, anniversaries, birthdays, showers and other special occasions.", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ Winx (foaled 14 September 2011) is a champion Australian Thoroughbred racehorse.", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ Starting in May 2015, she has won 22 consecutive stakes races at distances ranging from 1300 metres (roughly furlongs) to 2200 metres (roughly 11 furlongs).", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ In the World's Best Racehorse Rankings, she was the second-ranked filly or mare in 2015, improving in 2016 to become both the world's top-ranked filly or mare and the world's top-ranked turf horse.", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ She retained this ranking in 2017, when she was also inducted to the Australian Racing Hall of Fame, only the third horse to earn this honour while still in training.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ \"Soldier\" is a song by American girl group Destiny's Child, featuring American rappers T.I.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ and Lil Wayne, from Destiny's Child's fourth studio album \"Destiny Fulfilled\" (2004).", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Soldier\" as the second single from \"Destiny Fulfilled\" on December 7, 2004.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ The trio, Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams, co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett and Rich Harrison; the latter co-produced it with Knowles.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ A Southern hip hop mid-tempo song, it lyrically describes each member's favorite type of male love interest.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ \"Soldier\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics, who praised its composition and the trio's vocal performances, but criticized the lyrical content.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ A wedding cake is the traditional cake served at wedding receptions following dinner.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ In some parts of England, the wedding cake is served at a wedding breakfast; the 'wedding breakfast' does not mean the meal will be held in the morning, but at a time following the ceremony on the same day.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ In modern Western culture, the cake is usually on display and served to guests at the reception.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Traditionally, wedding cakes were made to bring good luck to all guests and the couple.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Modernly however, they are more of a centerpiece to the wedding and are not always even served to the guests.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Some cakes are built with only a single edible tier for the bride and groom to share, but this is rare since the cost difference between fake and real tiers is minimal.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Nicholas Lodge __knowledge__ Chef Nicholas Lodge (12 June 1962) is a pastry chef, master cake artist, author and instructor.", "Nicholas Lodge __knowledge__ He is the co-owner of the Atlanta-based International Sugar Art Collection, a retail gallery and school teaching all levels of cake decorating and sugar arts.", "Nicholas Lodge __knowledge__ He is best known for creating botanically correct gum paste flowers.", "Nicholas Lodge __knowledge__ Lodge is an instructor at the French Pastry School in Chicago, Illinois.", "Nicholas Lodge __knowledge__ He was a recurring judge on Food Network Challenge, he judges annually at the Omni Grove Park Inn National Gingerbread House Competition and other regional competitions (Lodge has judged pastry competitions on the regional, national and international level).", "Cake __knowledge__ Cake is a form of sweet dessert that is typically baked.", "Cake __knowledge__ In its oldest forms, cakes were modifications of breads, but cakes now cover a wide range of preparations that can be simple or elaborate, and that share features with other desserts such as pastries, meringues, custards, and pies.", "Cake __knowledge__ Typical cake ingredients are flour, sugar, eggs, butter or oil or margarine, a liquid, and leavening agents, such as baking soda or baking powder.", "Cake __knowledge__ Common additional ingredients and flavourings include dried, candied, or fresh fruit, nuts, cocoa, and extracts such as vanilla, with numerous substitutions for the primary ingredients.", "DecoPac, Inc. __knowledge__ DecoPac, Inc. is a supplier and marketer of cake decorating products headquartered in Anoka, Minnesota.", "DecoPac, Inc. __knowledge__ DecoPac supplies bakeries, professional cake decorators and cake decorating enthusiasts across the United States, Canada, and Europe.", "DecoPac, Inc. __knowledge__ The company was formed in 1982 as an internal supplier of cake decorations for McGlynn's Bakery stores.", "DecoPac, Inc. __knowledge__ DecoPac began as part of McGlynn Bakeries, which started as a single retail bakery in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1919.", "DecoPac, Inc. __knowledge__ The company expanded, increasing the number of retail bakeries and in-store supermarket bakeries.", "DecoPac, Inc. __knowledge__ In 1965, McGlynn’s launched an innovative new approach to selling cakes by focusing on decorating cakes in view of consumers instead of the back room.", "Cookie decorating __knowledge__ Cookie decorating dates back to at least the 14th century when in Switzerland, springerle cookie molds were carved from wood and used to impress Biblical designs into cookies.", "Cookie decorating __knowledge__ The artistic element of cookie making also can be traced back to Medieval Germany where Lebkuchen was crafted into fancy shapes and decorated with sugar.", "Cookie decorating __knowledge__ The story of \"Hansel and Gretel \" published with Grimm's Fairy Tales in 1812 inspired German gingerbread cookie Christmas cards.", "Cookie decorating __knowledge__ Also during the 17th century, Dutch and German settlers introduced cookie cutters, decorative molds, and festive holiday cookie decorations to the United States.", "Fruitcake __knowledge__ Fruitcake (or fruit cake) is a cake made with candied or dried fruit, nuts, and spices, and optionally soaked in spirits.", "Fruitcake __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, certain rich versions may be iced and decorated.", "Fruitcake __knowledge__ Fruit cakes are typically served in celebration of weddings and Christmas.", "Fruitcake __knowledge__ Given their rich nature, fruit cakes are most often consumed on their own, as opposed to with condiments (such as butter or cream).", "Fruitcake __knowledge__ The earliest recipe from ancient Rome lists pomegranate seeds, pine nuts, and raisins that were mixed into barley mash.", "Fruitcake __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, honey, spices, and preserved fruits were added.", "Fruitcake __knowledge__ Fruit cakes soon proliferated all over Europe." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cake decorating is one of the sugar arts that uses icing or frosting and other edible decorative elements to make plain cakes more visually interesting.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Alternatively, cakes can be molded and sculpted to resemble three-dimensional persons, places and things.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cakes are decorated to mark a special celebration (such as a birthday or wedding).", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ They can also mark national or religious holidays, or be used to promote commercial enterprises.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ However, cakes may be baked and decorated for almost any social occasion.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cake decorating originated in 17th century Europe.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ During the 1840s, the advent of temperature-controlled ovens and the production of baking powder made baking cakes much easier.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ As temperature control technology improved, an increased emphasis on presentation and ornamentation developed.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cakes began to take on decorative shapes, were adorned with additional icing formed into patterns and flowers, and food coloring was used to accent frosting or layers of cake.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Cake decorating was rumored to be started by a French bakery in the 1840s where a French baker wanted to increase the prices of the cakes and hence thought to decorate it.", "Cake decorating __knowledge__ Even though baking from scratch decreased during the latter part of the 20th century in the United States, decorated cakes have remained an important part of celebrations such as weddings, anniversaries, birthdays, showers and other special occasions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is a brand character currently owned by the Canadian children's television company DHX Media and American brand management company, the Iconix Brand Group.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ She was originally used in greeting cards, but was later expanded to include dolls, posters, and other products.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The Strawberry Shortcake properties also include a toy line of the character's friends and pets.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ In addition, the franchise has spawned television specials, animated television series, and films.", "Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The original design of Strawberry Shortcake and her cat, Custard, was done in 1979 by Muriel Fahrion during her time as a greeting card illustrator at American Greetings' Juvenile & Humorous card department.", "The World of Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The World of Strawberry Shortcake is a 1980 animated television special written by Romeo Muller, directed by Charles Swenson, and produced by Swenson, Muller and Fred Wolf.", "The World of Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ Starring the voices of Romeo Muller, Russi Taylor, Julie McWhirter and Joan Gerber, it was made by animators from Murakami-Wolf-Swenson in the United States and by Toei Doga in Japan.", "The World of Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The music was written and performed by Flo & Eddie of the rock group, The Turtles.", "The World of Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ The title character, Strawberry Shortcake, lives in a fictional place called Strawberryland.", "The World of Strawberry Shortcake __knowledge__ In the special, narrated by Romeo Muller (as Mr. Sun), she and her friends celebrate her sixth birthday.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ Shortcake is a sweet cake or biscuit (in the American sense: that is, a crumbly bread that has been leavened with baking powder or baking soda).", "Shortcake __knowledge__ The earliest recipe for shortcake is in an English cookbook from 1588.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ In 1602, William Shakespeare used it as a character's name in \"The Merry Wives of Windsor\", Alice Shortcake.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ Shortcake is typically made with flour, sugar, baking powder or soda, salt, butter, milk or cream, and sometimes eggs.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ The dry ingredients are blended, and then the butter is cut in until the mixture resembles cornmeal.", "Shortcake __knowledge__ The liquid ingredients are then mixed in just until moistened, resulting in a shortened dough.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures is an American/French/Canadian CGI animated television series based on the Strawberry Shortcake franchise.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ The series, produced by MoonScoop Group, with later episodes by Splash Entertainment, and in association with American Greetings, follows the adventures of Strawberry and her friends who live in Berry Bitty City.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ It is the third iteration of the franchise overall, following the original 1980s version, and the 2003 relaunch.", "Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures __knowledge__ There have been three DVD \"movies\" released by 20th Century Fox, as well as a toy line originally made by Hasbro and The Bridge Direct.", "Strawberry Shortcake: The Sweet Dreams Movie __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake: The Sweet Dreams Movie is a 2006 American computer-animated film produced by DIC Entertainment, and released theatrically in select cities on October 7, 2006 by Kidtoon Films.", "Strawberry Shortcake: The Sweet Dreams Movie __knowledge__ It is the first feature-length film to feature the eponymous American Greetings property, and stars the voices of Sarah Heinke, Rachel Ware, Nils Haaland and Bridget Robbins.", "Strawberry Shortcake: The Sweet Dreams Movie __knowledge__ The film also includes the first appearance of the villain, the Peculiar Pie Man, since Nelvana's Strawberry Shortcake specials from more than twenty years earlier.", "Strawberry Shortcake: The Sweet Dreams Movie __knowledge__ Fox Home Entertainment premiered \"The Sweet Dreams Movie\" on DVD on February 6, 2007.", "Strawberry Shortcake (2003 TV series) __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is an American animated series produced by DIC Entertainment.", "Strawberry Shortcake (2003 TV series) __knowledge__ As of July 2009, there are 44 episodes (including 4 two-part episodes), plus one short and one movie.", "Strawberry Shortcake (2003 TV series) __knowledge__ None of the voice actors from the 1980s animated specials returned to reprise their roles, instead opting for younger and lesser known actors.", "Strawberry Shortcake (2003 TV series) __knowledge__ The 2003 series was then followed by \"Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures\", released to coincide with the series' reboot in 2009.", "Strawberry Shortcake (2003 TV series) __knowledge__ 20th Century Fox began releasing the series direct-to-video beginning in March 2003.", "Strawberry Shortcake (2003 TV series) __knowledge__ The first few episodes were released on both DVD and VHS, and bundled with certain toys; later episodes are DVD-only.", "Cake __knowledge__ Cake is a form of sweet dessert that is typically baked.", "Cake __knowledge__ In its oldest forms, cakes were modifications of breads, but cakes now cover a wide range of preparations that can be simple or elaborate, and that share features with other desserts such as pastries, meringues, custards, and pies.", "Cake __knowledge__ Typical cake ingredients are flour, sugar, eggs, butter or oil or margarine, a liquid, and leavening agents, such as baking soda or baking powder.", "Cake __knowledge__ Common additional ingredients and flavourings include dried, candied, or fresh fruit, nuts, cocoa, and extracts such as vanilla, with numerous substitutions for the primary ingredients.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ A wedding cake is the traditional cake served at wedding receptions following dinner.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ In some parts of England, the wedding cake is served at a wedding breakfast; the 'wedding breakfast' does not mean the meal will be held in the morning, but at a time following the ceremony on the same day.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ In modern Western culture, the cake is usually on display and served to guests at the reception.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Traditionally, wedding cakes were made to bring good luck to all guests and the couple.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Modernly however, they are more of a centerpiece to the wedding and are not always even served to the guests.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Some cakes are built with only a single edible tier for the bride and groom to share, but this is rare since the cost difference between fake and real tiers is minimal.", "Buttercream __knowledge__ Buttercream (also known as butter cream, butter icing, and mock cream) is a type of icing or filling used inside cakes, as a coating, and as decoration.", "Buttercream __knowledge__ In its simplest form, it is made by creaming butter with powdered sugar, although other fats can be used, such as margarine or lard.", "Buttercream __knowledge__ Colorings and flavorings are often added, such as chocolate, fruit purees, and various extracts.", "Buttercream __knowledge__ Buttercream is a common topping for cupcakes, sponge cakes, butter cakes, and other desserts.", "Buttercream __knowledge__ Whether buttercream with no butter or a butter equivalent can rightly be called buttercream is debated among bakers, pastry chefs, and cake decorators.", "Nicholas Lodge __knowledge__ Chef Nicholas Lodge (12 June 1962) is a pastry chef, master cake artist, author and instructor.", "Nicholas Lodge __knowledge__ He is the co-owner of the Atlanta-based International Sugar Art Collection, a retail gallery and school teaching all levels of cake decorating and sugar arts.", "Nicholas Lodge __knowledge__ He is best known for creating botanically correct gum paste flowers.", "Nicholas Lodge __knowledge__ Lodge is an instructor at the French Pastry School in Chicago, Illinois.", "Nicholas Lodge __knowledge__ He was a recurring judge on Food Network Challenge, he judges annually at the Omni Grove Park Inn National Gingerbread House Competition and other regional competitions (Lodge has judged pastry competitions on the regional, national and international level).", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ A doughnut or donut (both: or ; see spelling differences) is a type of fried dough confectionery or dessert food.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ The doughnut is popular in many countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, and franchised specialty vendors.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ Doughnuts are usually deep fried from a flour dough, and typically either ring-shaped or a number of shapes without a hole, and often filled, but can also be ball-shaped (the \"hole\").", "Doughnut __knowledge__ Other types of batters can also be used, and various toppings and flavorings are used for different types, such as sugar, chocolate, or maple glazing." ] ]

[ 1, 6, 8 ]

[ "Ever seen cake wars? Cake decorating is a sugar art that uses icing or frosting and other edible decorative foods to make plain cakes more visually appealing.", "I like chocolate cake with any type of icing but mostly vanilla/chocolate buttercream. MM i also had an icecream cake twice in my life and im actually going to buy one ofthose pretty soon. What about you? Fun fact cake decorating originated in 17th century europe :)", "Ooo im sure ive had some but i dont remember. ususally when i think about cake i think about chocolate cake lol! and yeah its because when temperature control technology improved people were able to place more emphasis on preentation and ornamentation rather than worrying about the cake melting or doing weird things. Technology changes times for sure!" ]

[ "Cake decorating", "Cake decorating", "Cake decorating" ]

[ "McDonald's", "Wow I didn't know that they were that old! I love their fries!", "What do you think of their new stuff? They are doing all of this fancy healthy food. If I want healthy I'll go to Subway!", "Interesting, any idea what what they were using before that?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), or French-fried potatoes are \"batonnet\" or \"allumette\"-cut deep-fried potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ In the United States and most of Canada, the term \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa (rarely), Ireland and New Zealand, thinly cut fried potatoes are sometimes called \"shoestring fries\" or \"skinny fries\" to distinguish them from the thicker-cut \"chips\".", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ French fries are almost always salted just after cooking.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ They are then served with a variety of condiments, notably ketchup, curry, curry ketchup (mildly hot mix of the former two), hot or chili sauce, mustard, mayonnaise, honey mustard, bearnaise sauce, tartar sauce, tzatziki, feta cheese, garlic sauce, fry sauce, ranch dressing, barbecue sauce, gravy, brown sauce, vinegar (especially malt vinegar), lemon, piccalilli, pickled cucumber, gherkins, very small pickled onions, fresh cheese curds (especially Canada), or honey.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ Even the smallest Belgian town has a \"frietkot\" (literally, \"fries shack\").", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "BK Chicken Fries __knowledge__ BK Chicken Fries are a fried chicken product sold by the international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King.", "BK Chicken Fries __knowledge__ At the time of their introduction in 2005, the company had intended Chicken Fries to be one of their larger, adult oriented products made with higher quality ingredients than their standard menu items.", "BK Chicken Fries __knowledge__ Additionally, the product further targeted the \"snacking\" and \"convenience food\" markets with a specific packaging design that was intended to be easier to handle and fit into automotive cup holders.", "BK Chicken Fries __knowledge__ The product was part of a series of product introductions designed to expand Burger King's menu with both more sophisticated fare and present a larger, meatier product that appealed to 24- to 36-year-old adult males.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food is a mass-produced food that is prepared and served very quickly.", "Fast food __knowledge__ The food is typically less nutritionally valuable compared to other foods and dishes.", "Fast food __knowledge__ While any meal with low preparation time can be considered fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with frozen, preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are traditionally distinguished by their ability to serve food via a drive-through.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as \"quick service restaurants\").", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ This history of McDonald's is an overview of the original restaurant and of the chain.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald family moved from Manchester, New Hampshire to Hollywood, California in the late 1930s, where brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald began working as set movers and handymen at Motion-Picture studios.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1937, their father Patrick McDonald opened \"The Airdrome\", a food stand, on Huntington Drive (Route 66) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia, California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ Hamburgers were later added to the menu at a cost of ten cents with all-you-can-drink orange juice at five cents.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ Western-style fast food in China is a recent phenomenon, dating back only to January 1984 when McDonald's opened its first outlet in Taipei, Taiwan Province in the Republic of China.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ In October 1987, Kentucky Fried Chicken, still the most popular fast food chain in China, established its first restaurant in the People's Republic of China (mainland area), located in Beijing.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ KFC was later followed by McDonald's, which remains China's number two foreign fast food option.", "Fast food in China __knowledge__ In addition to American style fast food, China has many local options, including a slew of restaurants that attempt to imitate fast food, particularly KFC.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "In-N-Out Burger __knowledge__ In-N-Out Burger is an American regional chain of fast food restaurants with locations primarily in the American Southwest and Pacific coast.", "In-N-Out Burger __knowledge__ It was founded in Baldwin Park, California in 1948 by Harry Snyder and Esther Snyder.", "In-N-Out Burger __knowledge__ The chain is currently headquartered in Irvine, California and has slowly expanded outside Southern California into the rest of California, as well as into Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Texas, and Oregon.", "In-N-Out Burger __knowledge__ The current owner is Lynsi Snyder, the Snyders' only grandchild.", "In-N-Out Burger __knowledge__ As the chain has expanded, it has opened several distribution centers in addition to its original Baldwin Park location." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "Phat Beets Produce __knowledge__ Phat Beets Produce is an American non-profit food justice collective focusing on food justice in North Oakland, California, started by Max Cadji and Bret Brenner in 2007.", "Phat Beets Produce __knowledge__ Their programs include weekly farmer's markets (sourcing from local farmers of color), free produce stands, youth gardens, community supported agriculture programs (called the \"beet box\"), food and social justice workshops, and a kitchen and cafe cooperative.", "Phat Beets Produce __knowledge__ Cadji helps residents have access to nutritious food by coordinating between farmers, institutions, and low-income communities to utilize empty land for urban gardening.", "Phat Beets Produce __knowledge__ Their work addresses disadvantaged North Oakland residents, actively opposes the systematic forces of gentrification in the North Oakland Area, and stands in solidarity with criminal justice issues.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Advertising to children is the act of marketing or [advertising] products or services to children as defined by national legislation and advertising standards.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ It is often the subject of debate, relating to the alleged influence on children’s consumption.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Laws concerning such advertisements have largely evolved in recent years.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In most countries, advertising for children is framed by a mix of legislation and advertising self-regulation.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In the nineteenth century, the compulsory education of children was established.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Consequently, children began to be targeted by an increasing number of publications.Commercial appeals to children, however, did not become commonplace until the advent and widespread adoption of television and grew exponentially with the advent of cable television.", "Food desert __knowledge__ A food desert is an area, especially one with low-income residents, that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In contrast, an area with supermarkets or vegetable shops is termed a food oasis.", "Food desert __knowledge__ The term food desert considers the type and quality of food available to the population, in addition to the number, nature, and size of food stores that are accessible.", "Food desert __knowledge__ Food deserts are characterized by a lack of supermarkets which decreases residents’ access to fruits, vegetables and other whole foods.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In 2010, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported that 18 million Americans live in a food desert, meaning that they live more than one mile from a supermarket in urban or suburban areas, and more than 10 miles from a supermarket in rural areas.", "Hunger in the United States __knowledge__ Hunger in the United States is an issue that affects millions of Americans, including some who are middle class, or who are in households where all adults are in work.", "Hunger in the United States __knowledge__ Research from the USDA found that 14.9% of American households were food insecure during at least some of 2011, with 5.7% suffering from very low food security.", "Hunger in the United States __knowledge__ Journalists and charity workers have reported further increased demand for emergency food aid during 2012 and 2013.", "Hunger in the United States __knowledge__ The United States produces far more food than it needs for domestic consumption - hunger within the U.S. is caused by some Americans having insufficient money to buy food for themselves or their families.", "Obesity and the environment __knowledge__ Obesity and the environment aims to look at the different environmental factors that have been determined by researchers to cause and perpetuate obesity.", "Obesity and the environment __knowledge__ Studies have shown that obesity has become increasingly prevalent in both people and animals such as pets and laboratory animals.", "Obesity and the environment __knowledge__ There have been no linkages found between this obesity trend and diet and exercise.", "Obesity and the environment __knowledge__ According to Professor Robert H. Lustig from the University of California, San Francisco, \"[E]ven those at the lower end of the body mass index (BMI) curve are gaining weight.", "Obesity and the environment __knowledge__ Whatever is happening is happening to everyone, suggesting an environmental trigger.\"", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Food deserts by country __knowledge__ This is a list of food desert issues and solutions by country.", "Food deserts by country __knowledge__ African food deserts are complex due to accelerated urbanization, the various ways individuals acquire food through formal and informal food economy markets, familial dynamics of the household, and African social, political and economic effects.", "Food deserts by country __knowledge__ African food deserts have been defined as \"poor, often informal, urban neighborhoods characterized by high food insecurity and low dietary diversity, with multiple markets and market and non-market food sources but variable household access to food.\"", "Food deserts by country __knowledge__ The definition of a food desert often relates to the distance between residents and the nearest supermarket.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Barry Manilow __knowledge__ Barry Manilow (born Barry Alan Pincus; June 17, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, arranger, musician and producer with a career that has spanned more than 50 years.", "Barry Manilow __knowledge__ His hit recordings include \"Mandy\", \"Can't Smile Without You\", and \"Copacabana (At the Copa)\".", "Barry Manilow __knowledge__ He has recorded and released 47 Top 40 singles, including 12 that hit number one and 27 of which appeared within the top ten, and has released many multi-platinum albums.", "Barry Manilow __knowledge__ Although not a favorite artist of music critics, Manilow has been praised by entertainers including Frank Sinatra, who was quoted in the 1970s as saying, \"He's next.\"", "Adafruit Industries __knowledge__ Adafruit Industries is an open-source hardware company based in New York City.", "Adafruit Industries __knowledge__ It was founded by Limor Fried in 2005, in her Massachusetts Institute of Technology dorm room.", "Adafruit Industries __knowledge__ The company designs and manufactures a number of electronics products, sells a wide variety of electronics components, tools, and accessories via its online storefront, and produces a number of learning resources, including written tutorials, introductory videos for beginners, and the longest running live video electronics show on the internet.", "Adafruit Industries __knowledge__ Most Adafruit products are manufactured in their factory in SoHo, Manhattan.", "Adafruit Industries __knowledge__ In 2013, the company took in US$22 million in revenue, and had shipped over a million products in 480,000 orders, and in January 2016, the company accepted its one millionth order.", "Entre a Mi Mundo __knowledge__ Entre a Mi Mundo () is the third studio album by American singer Selena, released on May 6, 1992, by EMI Latin.", "Entre a Mi Mundo __knowledge__ In his recording debut with Selena y Los Dinos, guitarist Chris Pérez had fallen in love with Selena—which Selena's father and manager of the group, Abraham Quintanilla, Jr., disapproved of—and Pérez and Selena eloped on April 2, 1992, after Abraham fired Pérez from the band.", "Entre a Mi Mundo __knowledge__ Abraham later apologized, accepted Pérez and Selena's relationship, and accepted Pérez as a member of the band.", "Entre a Mi Mundo __knowledge__ Selena's brother and music producer, A.B.", "Entre a Mi Mundo __knowledge__ Quintanilla, oversaw production of \"Entre a Mi Mundo.\"", "Entre a Mi Mundo __knowledge__ A.B.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Amor Prohibido __knowledge__ Amor Prohibido () is the fourth studio album by American singer Selena, released on March 13, 1994, by EMI Latin.", "Amor Prohibido __knowledge__ After achieving a fan base EMI Latin was aiming for, company president Jose Behar wanted to take advantage with another studio release.", "Amor Prohibido __knowledge__ Finding it challenging to write another successful song following \"Como la Flor\" (1992), the singer's brother A.", "Amor Prohibido __knowledge__ B. Quintanilla enlisted band members Ricky Vela and Pete Astudillo to help with the writing.", "Amor Prohibido __knowledge__ The recording ended up being a more mature sound with experimental recording and production that contributed to develop diverse musical styles ranging from ranchera to hip-hop music." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Rurouni Kenshin\" features a large cast of fictional characters created by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ Set in Japan during the Meiji period, several of the characters are real historical figures who interact with the fictional characters.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The story follows a pacifist wanderer named Himura Kenshin, who was previously an assassin known as \"\"Hitokiri Battōsai\"\" working for the Isshin Shishi during the Bakumatsu period.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ After helping Kamiya Kaoru, the instructor of a kendo school in Tokyo, in defeating a criminal he is invited by her to stay at her dojo.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ During his stay in Tokyo, Kenshin befriends new people including Myōjin Yahiko, a young child descendant from a samurai family who starts training under Kaoru, Sagara Sanosuke, a former Sekihō who enjoys fighting, and Takani Megumi, a doctor involved with the illegal drug trade.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "QI __knowledge__ QI (Quite Interesting) is a British comedy panel game television quiz show created and co-produced by John Lloyd, and features permanent panelist Alan Davies.", "QI __knowledge__ Stephen Fry was host of the show from its initial pilot, before departing after the final episode of the M series in 2015, with frequent \"QI\" panelist Sandi Toksvig replacing him prior to the beginning of the N series in 2016.", "QI __knowledge__ The format of the show focuses on Davies and three other guest panelists answering questions that are extremely obscure, making it unlikely that the correct answer will be given.", "QI __knowledge__ To compensate, the panelists are awarded points not only for the right answer, but also for interesting ones, regardless of whether they are right or even relate to the original question, while points are deducted for \"answers which are not only wrong, but pathetically obvious\" – typically answers that are generally believed to be true but in fact are misconceptions.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ During the long history of the British science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\", a number of stories were proposed but, for a variety of reasons, never fully produced.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Below is a list of unmade serials which were submitted by recognised professional writers and the BBC had intended to produce, but for one reason or another were not made.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Many have since been the subject of a feature in \"Doctor Who Magazine\", or other professional periodicals or books devoted to the television show.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Such serials exist during the tenure of each of the previous eleven incarnations of the Doctor.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ The reasons for the serials being incomplete include strike action (which caused the partially filmed \"Shada\" to be abandoned), actors leaving roles (\"The Final Game\", which was cancelled after Roger Delgado's death), and the series being put on hiatus twice—once in 1985, and again in 1989—causing the serials planned for the following series to be shelved.", "History of electromagnetic theory __knowledge__ The history of electromagnetic theory begins with ancient measures to understand atmospheric electricity, in particular lightning.", "History of electromagnetic theory __knowledge__ People then had little understanding of electricity, and were unable to explain the phenomena.", "History of electromagnetic theory __knowledge__ Scientific understanding into the nature of electricity grew throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries through the work of researchers such as Ampère, Coulomb, Faraday and Maxwell.", "History of electromagnetic theory __knowledge__ In the 19th century it had become clear that electricity and magnetism were related, and their theories were unified: wherever charges are in motion electric current results, and magnetism is due to electric current.", "Romanian philosophy __knowledge__ Romanian philosophy is a name covering either a) the philosophy done in Romania or by Romanians, or b) an ethnic philosophy, which expresses at a high level the fundamental features of the Romanian spirituality, or which elevates to a philosophical level the Weltanschauung of the Romanian people, as deposited in language and folklore, traditions, architecture and other linguistic and cultural artifacts.", "Romanian philosophy __knowledge__ The discussion concerning the existence of a Romanian philosophy has known three stages.", "Romanian philosophy __knowledge__ Between the two World Wars, after the emergence of Greater Romania, Romanian national identity went through a crisis.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, the series spanned seven seasons and thirty-seven episodes.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" for the \"Play of the Month\" series.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Shakespeare.", "Golden Arches __knowledge__ The Golden Arches are the symbol of McDonald's, the global fast-food restaurant chain.", "Golden Arches __knowledge__ Originally, real arches were part of the restaurant design.", "Golden Arches __knowledge__ They were incorporated into the chain's logo in 1962, which resembled a stylized restaurant, and in the current Golden Arches logo, introduced 1968, resembling an \"M\" for \"McDonald's\".", "Golden Arches __knowledge__ In 1952, brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald decided they needed a new building to house their hamburger restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "Golden Arches __knowledge__ They wanted this building to have an entirely new design which would achieve two goals: even greater efficiency, and an eye-catching appearance.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ This history of McDonald's is an overview of the original restaurant and of the chain.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald family moved from Manchester, New Hampshire to Hollywood, California in the late 1930s, where brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald began working as set movers and handymen at Motion-Picture studios.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1937, their father Patrick McDonald opened \"The Airdrome\", a food stand, on Huntington Drive (Route 66) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia, California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ Hamburgers were later added to the menu at a cost of ten cents with all-you-can-drink orange juice at five cents.", "Capitalist peace __knowledge__ The capitalist peace, or capitalist peace theory, posits that according to a given criterion for economic development (capitalism), developed economies have not engaged in war with each other, and rarely enter into low-level disputes.", "Capitalist peace __knowledge__ These theories have been proposed as an explanation for the democratic peace theory by accounting for both democracy and the peace among democratic nations.", "Capitalist peace __knowledge__ The exact nature of the causality depends upon both the proposed variable and the measure of the indicator for the concept used.", "Capitalist peace __knowledge__ The philosophical roots of capitalist peace can be traced back to Immanuel Kant, Joseph Schumpeter, Norman Angell, and classical economic theory.", "McDonald's sign (Pine Bluff, Arkansas) __knowledge__ The McDonald's Sign, also known as McDonald's Store #433 Sign, in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, United States, is the only known surviving example of a single-arch McDonald's sign in Arkansas.", "McDonald's sign (Pine Bluff, Arkansas) __knowledge__ The sign was erected in 1962 and remained at its original location until 2007.", "McDonald's sign (Pine Bluff, Arkansas) __knowledge__ That year, McDonald's Store #433 moved and the sign was renovated and moved to the new location.", "McDonald's sign (Pine Bluff, Arkansas) __knowledge__ The McDonald's sign was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2006.", "McDonald's sign (Pine Bluff, Arkansas) __knowledge__ Before McDonald's Store #433 was built on South Main Street in Pine Bluff, the neighborhood was mostly residential.", "McDonald's sign (Pine Bluff, Arkansas) __knowledge__ The area began to change as the mid-20th century approached and commercial enterprises began to appear in the area.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in \"Dinosaur King\".", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ The English versions of the series use names differing from the Japanese versions; in this article the English names are used.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ The D-Team are the protagonists of the series who are very knowledgeable about dinosaurs.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ They prevent the Alpha Gang from succeeding in their goal by saving the dinosaurs they can find.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ Among its members are: The Alpha Gang are the primary yet inept antagonists of the first series who abduct any dinosaur cards they find using their own dinosaurs as their muscle.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ They conduct experiments on the dinosaur cards they find.", "Oldest McDonald's restaurant __knowledge__ The oldest operating McDonald's restaurant is a drive-up hamburger stand at 10207 Lakewood Boulevard at Florence Avenue in Downey, California.", "Oldest McDonald's restaurant __knowledge__ It was the third McDonald's restaurant and opened on August 18, 1953.", "Oldest McDonald's restaurant __knowledge__ It was also the second restaurant franchised by Richard and Maurice McDonald, prior to the involvement of Ray Kroc in the company.", "Oldest McDonald's restaurant __knowledge__ The restaurant is now the oldest in the chain still in existence and is one of Downey's main tourist attractions.", "Oldest McDonald's restaurant __knowledge__ Along with its sign, it was deemed eligible for addition to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, although it was not added because the owner objected." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 7 ]

[ " McDonald's might be my favorite fast food place they opened their doors all the way back in 1940!", "Yeah the rechristened their business and started selling us all the delicous fried we could ask for!", "Yeah the first time they ever used the trademark logo the golden arches was in 19853.", "Well even though they are known for hamburgers they sell chick, breakfast, milk shakes just to name a few" ]

[ "McDonald's", "McDonald's", "McDonald's", "McDonald's" ]

[ "Reddit\nI am on Reddit all the time!", "I who created it. I bet they are very rich.", "I love that it is an anonymous forum", "My friend found out my account name. I'm so embarrassed" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit () is an American social news aggregation, web content rating, and discussion website.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Registered members submit content to the site such as links, text posts, and images, which are then voted up or down by other members.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Posts are organized by subject into user-created boards called \"subreddits\", which cover a variety of topics including news, science, movies, video games, music, books, fitness, food, and image-sharing.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Submissions with more up-votes appear towards the top of their subreddit and, if they receive enough votes, ultimately on the site's front page.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Despite strict rules prohibiting harassment, Reddit's administrators spend considerable resources on moderating the site.", "Reddit __knowledge__ As of 2017, Reddit had 542 million monthly visitors (234 million unique users), ranking as the #4 most visited website in U.S. and #8 in the world.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Across 2015, Reddit saw 82.54 billion pageviews, 73.15 million submissions, 725.85 million comments, and 6.89 billion upvotes from its users.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit was founded by University of Virginia roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian in 2005.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Condé Nast Publications acquired the site in October 2006.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit became a direct subsidiary of Condé Nast's parent company, Advance Publications, in September 2011.", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ The social news site Reddit has occasionally been the topic of controversy due to the presence of communities on the site (known as \"subreddits\") devoted to explicit or controversial material.", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ Yishan Wong, the site's former CEO, has stated that \"We stand for free speech.", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ This means we are not going to ban distasteful subreddits.", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ We will not ban legal content even if we find it odious or if we personally condemn it.\"", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ The subreddit /r/jailbait, devoted to suggestive or revealing photos of underage females, was one of the most prominent subreddits on the site before it was closed down in October 2011 following a report by CNN.", "/r/The Donald __knowledge__ /r/The_Donald is a subreddit on Reddit where the participants create discussions and memes supportive of U.S. President Donald Trump.", "/r/The Donald __knowledge__ Initially created in June 2015 following the announcement of Trump's presidential campaign, the community has grown to over 550,000 subscribers and, as of September 2017, was ranked as one of the most active communities on the website.", "/r/The Donald __knowledge__ Activities by members and moderators of the subreddit have been controversial, and site-wide administrators have taken steps, including an overhaul of the Reddit software, to prevent the subreddit from manipulating the algorithms that select content to be displayed on Reddit's /r/all forum, which the company's motto describes as \"the front page of the Internet.\"", "Ellen Pao __knowledge__ Ellen Pao (born 1970) is an investment partner at Kapor Capital, the Chief Diversity and Inclusion Officer at the Kapor Center for Social Impact, and co-founder of the diversity consulting non-profit organization Project Include.", "Ellen Pao __knowledge__ Previously she was the interim chief executive officer of social media technology company Reddit, an investment partner at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, a Board director at Flipboard, and a corporate attorney.", "Ellen Pao __knowledge__ Having become widely known for filing a gender discrimination suit against former employer Kleiner Perkins in 2012, Pao has expressed vocal criticism of the hiring and promotion practices in Silicon Valley.", "Voat __knowledge__ Voat Inc is a news aggregator and social networking service where registered community members can submit content such as text posts and direct links.", "Voat __knowledge__ Registered users can then vote for these submissions.", "Voat __knowledge__ After accumulating 100 of these \"upvotes\" on original comments posted, users can begin voting against submissions and comments.", "Voat __knowledge__ Voting is commonly called \"voating\" by users.", "Voat __knowledge__ Content entries are organized by areas of interest called \"subverses.\"", "Voat __knowledge__ The website has been considered a part of the alt-right.", "Voat __knowledge__ Voat is a site which hosts aggregated content and discussion forums.", "Voat __knowledge__ According to \"Wired\", Voat is \"aesthetically and functionally similar to Reddit\".", "The Button (Reddit) __knowledge__ The Button was an online meta-game and social experiment that featured an online button and 60 second countdown timer that would reset each time the button was pressed.", "The Button (Reddit) __knowledge__ The experiment was hosted on the social networking website Reddit beginning on 1 April 2015 (April Fools' Day) and was active until 5 June 2015.", "The Button (Reddit) __knowledge__ The game was started by a Reddit administrator.", "The Button (Reddit) __knowledge__ The Button garnered enthusiasm from Reddit users worldwide, attracting clicks from over one million unique user accounts.", "The Button (Reddit) __knowledge__ Various websites, browser extensions, and mobile applications were created for tracking the live statistics of the Button and enabling users to visit the Button when the timer dropped below a certain threshold.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ Christopher Brian Slowe (born November 8, 1978, Boston, MA) is an American businessman.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ He gained his PhD in Physics from Harvard, went on to co-found reddit, with Aaron Swartz, Alexis Ohanian and Steve Huffman.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ He later departed reddit and began work for Hipmunk, where he has been Chief Scientist since 2010.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ Slowe was awarded his Ph.D. in Physics from Harvard for his thesis \"Experiments and simulations in cooling and trapping of a high flux rubidium beam\".", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ His thesis advisor was Prof. Lene Hau.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ During his time as a research assistant at Harvard, he also began to devise computer programs.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ Whilst studying, in the final year of his PhD he and fellow student Zak Stone gained startup monies from Y Combinator for their company Memamps." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit () is an American social news aggregation, web content rating, and discussion website.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Registered members submit content to the site such as links, text posts, and images, which are then voted up or down by other members.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Posts are organized by subject into user-created boards called \"subreddits\", which cover a variety of topics including news, science, movies, video games, music, books, fitness, food, and image-sharing.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Submissions with more up-votes appear towards the top of their subreddit and, if they receive enough votes, ultimately on the site's front page.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Despite strict rules prohibiting harassment, Reddit's administrators spend considerable resources on moderating the site.", "Reddit __knowledge__ As of 2017, Reddit had 542 million monthly visitors (234 million unique users), ranking as the #4 most visited website in U.S. and #8 in the world.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Across 2015, Reddit saw 82.54 billion pageviews, 73.15 million submissions, 725.85 million comments, and 6.89 billion upvotes from its users.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit was founded by University of Virginia roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian in 2005.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Condé Nast Publications acquired the site in October 2006.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit became a direct subsidiary of Condé Nast's parent company, Advance Publications, in September 2011.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "BET __knowledge__ Black Entertainment Television (BET, stylised as BET⭐️) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the BET Networks division of Viacom.", "BET __knowledge__ It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences, with approximately 88,255,000 American households (75.8% of households with television) receiving the channel.", "BET __knowledge__ The channel has offices in Washington, D.C., New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago.", "BET __knowledge__ Programming on the network consists of original and acquired television series and theatrically and direct-to-video-released films.", "BET __knowledge__ The network has also aired a variety of stand-up comedy, news, and current affairs programs, and formerly aired mainstream rap, hip-hop and R&B music videos; the latter of which now air on its branded sister networks.", "Roulette __knowledge__ Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning \"little wheel\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ In the game, players may choose to place bets on either a single number, various groupings of numbers, the colors red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the numbers are high (19–36) or low (1–18).", "Roulette __knowledge__ Interestingly, the sum of all the numbers on the roulette wheel (from 0 to 36) is 666, which is the \"Number of the Beast\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ One legend says that François Blanc made a deal with the devil to obtain the secrets of roulette.", "Roulette __knowledge__ To determine the winning number and color, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the opposite direction around a tilted circular track running around the circumference of the wheel.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ Biological bet hedging occurs when organisms suffer decreased fitness in their typical conditions in exchange for increased fitness in stressful conditions.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ Biological bet hedging was originally proposed to explain the observation of a seed bank, or a reservoir of ungerminated seeds in the soil.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ For example, an annual plant's fitness is maximized for that year if all of its seeds germinate.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ However, if a drought occurs that kills germinated plants, but not ungerminated seeds, plants with seeds remaining in the seed bank will have a fitness advantage.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ Therefore, it can be advantageous for plants to \"hedge their bets\" in case of a drought by producing some seeds that germinate immediately and other seeds that lie dormant.", "Bet Tzedek Legal Services – The House of Justice __knowledge__ Bet Tzedek is an American non-profit human and poverty rights organization, internationally recognized for its work in providing unique advocacy and support for people living in poverty, and for communities victimized by discrimination and civil rights abuses.", "Bet Tzedek Legal Services – The House of Justice __knowledge__ One of the United States' leading centers for social justice, Bet Tzedek is based in Los Angeles, California.", "Bet Tzedek Legal Services – The House of Justice __knowledge__ It was founded in 1974 by a group of Jewish attorneys determined to address the human rights issues and humanitarian needs endemic to Los Angeles.", "Bet Tzedek Legal Services – The House of Justice __knowledge__ Their social justice philosophy was rooted in a central tenet of Jewish law and teaching: \"Tzedek, tzedek tirdof – Justice, justice you shall pursue.\"", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Teen patti (, meaning 'three cards' in English) (also known as flash or flush) is a gambling card game that originated in the Indian Subcontinent.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The game, which is actually a simplified version of poker, is popular throughout South Asia.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Boats out of India call it \"flush\" to escape any legal negativity surrounding the game where it is played legally.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The game starts with one of the players dealing the cards.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The cards are usually dealt counter-clockwise.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Before starting the game, usually an agreed number of card(s) is/are picked or dealt to decide the dealer for the opening hand.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Each player may be required to put up an ante into the pot before picking/dealing the card(s).", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ The social news site Reddit has occasionally been the topic of controversy due to the presence of communities on the site (known as \"subreddits\") devoted to explicit or controversial material.", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ Yishan Wong, the site's former CEO, has stated that \"We stand for free speech.", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ This means we are not going to ban distasteful subreddits.", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ We will not ban legal content even if we find it odious or if we personally condemn it.\"", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ The subreddit /r/jailbait, devoted to suggestive or revealing photos of underage females, was one of the most prominent subreddits on the site before it was closed down in October 2011 following a report by CNN.", "/r/The Donald __knowledge__ /r/The_Donald is a subreddit on Reddit where the participants create discussions and memes supportive of U.S. President Donald Trump.", "/r/The Donald __knowledge__ Initially created in June 2015 following the announcement of Trump's presidential campaign, the community has grown to over 550,000 subscribers and, as of September 2017, was ranked as one of the most active communities on the website.", "/r/The Donald __knowledge__ Activities by members and moderators of the subreddit have been controversial, and site-wide administrators have taken steps, including an overhaul of the Reddit software, to prevent the subreddit from manipulating the algorithms that select content to be displayed on Reddit's /r/all forum, which the company's motto describes as \"the front page of the Internet.\"", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.", "Internet __knowledge__ It is a \"network of networks\" that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.", "Internet __knowledge__ The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Internet privacy involves the right or mandate of personal privacy concerning the storing, repurposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information pertaining to oneself via of the Internet.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Internet privacy is a subset of data privacy.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Privacy concerns have been articulated from the beginnings of large scale computer sharing.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Privacy can entail either \"Personally Identifying Information\" (PII) or non-PII information such as a site visitor's behavior on a website.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ PII refers to any information that can be used to identify an individual.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ For example, age and physical address alone could identify who an individual is without explicitly disclosing their name, as these two factors are unique enough to typically identify a specific person.", "Ellen Pao __knowledge__ Ellen Pao (born 1970) is an investment partner at Kapor Capital, the Chief Diversity and Inclusion Officer at the Kapor Center for Social Impact, and co-founder of the diversity consulting non-profit organization Project Include.", "Ellen Pao __knowledge__ Previously she was the interim chief executive officer of social media technology company Reddit, an investment partner at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, a Board director at Flipboard, and a corporate attorney.", "Ellen Pao __knowledge__ Having become widely known for filing a gender discrimination suit against former employer Kleiner Perkins in 2012, Pao has expressed vocal criticism of the hiring and promotion practices in Silicon Valley." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit () is an American social news aggregation, web content rating, and discussion website.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Registered members submit content to the site such as links, text posts, and images, which are then voted up or down by other members.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Posts are organized by subject into user-created boards called \"subreddits\", which cover a variety of topics including news, science, movies, video games, music, books, fitness, food, and image-sharing.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Submissions with more up-votes appear towards the top of their subreddit and, if they receive enough votes, ultimately on the site's front page.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Despite strict rules prohibiting harassment, Reddit's administrators spend considerable resources on moderating the site.", "Reddit __knowledge__ As of 2017, Reddit had 542 million monthly visitors (234 million unique users), ranking as the #4 most visited website in U.S. and #8 in the world.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Across 2015, Reddit saw 82.54 billion pageviews, 73.15 million submissions, 725.85 million comments, and 6.89 billion upvotes from its users.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit was founded by University of Virginia roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian in 2005.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Condé Nast Publications acquired the site in October 2006.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit became a direct subsidiary of Condé Nast's parent company, Advance Publications, in September 2011.", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous __knowledge__ Anonymous is a decentralized virtual community.", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous __knowledge__ They are commonly referred to as an internet based collective of hacktivists whose goals, like its organization, are decentralized.", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous __knowledge__ Anonymous seeks mass awareness and revolution against what the organization perceives as corrupt entities, while attempting to maintain anonymity.", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous __knowledge__ Anonymous has had a hacktivist impact.", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous __knowledge__ This is a timeline of activities reported to be carried out by the group.", "Timeline of events associated with Anonymous __knowledge__ According to white supremacist radio host Hal Turner, in December 2006 and January 2007 individuals who identified themselves as Anonymous took Turner's website offline, costing him thousands of dollars in bandwidth bills.", "Online service provider law __knowledge__ Online service provider law is a summary and case law tracking page for laws, legal decisions and issues relating to online service providers (OSPs), like the Wikipedia and Internet service providers, from the viewpoint of an OSP considering its liability and customer service issues.", "Online service provider law __knowledge__ See Cyber law for broader coverage of the law of cyberspace.", "Online service provider law __knowledge__ The general liability risk within the United States is low but it's necessary to review the laws and decisions of all other countries because the extraterritorial application of laws to content hosted in the US is a significant concern.", "Online service provider law __knowledge__ Immunity under Section 230 requires that: (1) the defendant is a provider or user of an interactive computer service; (2) the cause of action treat the defendant as a publisher or speaker of information; and (3) the information at issue be provided by another information content provider.", "Anonymous (group) __knowledge__ Anonymous is a loosely associated international network of activist and hacktivist entities.", "Anonymous (group) __knowledge__ A website nominally associated with the group describes it as \"an Internet gathering\" with \"a very loose and decentralized command structure that operates on ideas rather than directives\".", "Anonymous (group) __knowledge__ The group became known for a series of well-publicized distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks on government, religions, and corporate websites.", "Anonymous (group) __knowledge__ Anonymous originated in 2003 on the imageboard 4chan, representing the concept of many online and offline community users simultaneously existing as an anarchic, digitized global brain.", "Bob Mionske __knowledge__ Robert (\"Bob\") Charles Mionske (born August 26, 1962) is a two-time U.S. Olympic racing cyclist (1988 and 1992) and U.S. National Champion (1990).", "Bob Mionske __knowledge__ In the 1988 Summer Olympics, held in Seoul, South Korea, he placed fourth in the Individual Road Race.", "Bob Mionske __knowledge__ He retired from professional cycling in 1993 and is now an attorney based in Portland, Oregon, with a practice in bicycle law.", "Bob Mionske __knowledge__ He wrote \"Legally Speaking\", a national column on bicycle law, between 2002 and 2009, and has also written \"\", a book on bicycle law published in August 2007.", "Bob Mionske __knowledge__ Mionske has written his \"Legally Speaking\" column on bicycle law for VeloNews and his \"Road Rights\" column on bicycle law for \"Bicycling Magazine\".", "Mount Wutai __knowledge__ Mount Wutai, also known by its Chinese name Wutaishan and as is a sacred Buddhist site at the headwaters of the Qingshui in Shanxi Province, China.", "Mount Wutai __knowledge__ Its central area is surrounded by a cluster of flat-topped peaks roughly corresponding to the cardinal directions.", "Mount Wutai __knowledge__ The north peak (Beitai Ding or Yedou Feng) is the highest () and is also the highest point in northern China.", "Mount Wutai __knowledge__ As host to over 53 sacred monasteries, Mount Wutai is home to many of China's most important monasteries and temples.", "Mount Wutai __knowledge__ It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2009 and named a AAAAA tourist attraction by China's National Tourism Administration in 2007.", "Casual sex __knowledge__ Casual sex or recreational sex is sexual activity that takes places outside a romantic relationship and implies an absence of commitment, emotional attachment, or familiarity between sexual partners.", "Casual sex __knowledge__ Examples are sexual activity while casually dating, one-night stands, extramarital sex, prostitution, or swinging.", "Casual sex __knowledge__ Attitudes to casual sex range from conservative and religious views, the extreme of which may result in imprisonment or even capital punishment for sexual relations outside heterosexual marriage, to liberal or libertarian views, the extreme of which is free love.", "Casual sex __knowledge__ In the United States in the 1920s, \"petting parties\", where petting (\"making out\" or foreplay) was the main attraction, became a popular part of the flapper lifestyle.", "Project Chanology __knowledge__ Project Chanology (also called Operation Chanology) was a protest movement against the practices of the Church of Scientology by members of Anonymous, a leaderless Internet-based group.", "Project Chanology __knowledge__ The project was started in response to the Church of Scientology's attempts to remove material from a highly publicized interview with Scientologist Tom Cruise from the Internet in January 2008.", "Project Chanology __knowledge__ The project was publicly launched in the form of a video posted to YouTube, \"Message to Scientology\", on January 21, 2008.", "Project Chanology __knowledge__ The video states that Anonymous views Scientology's actions as Internet censorship, and asserts the group's intent to \"expel the church from the Internet\".", "Alexis Ohanian __knowledge__ Alexis Kerry Ohanian, Sr. (born April 24, 1983) is an American Internet entrepreneur and investor, who is co-founder and executive chairman of the social news website Reddit.", "Alexis Ohanian __knowledge__ He also co-founded the early stage venture capital firm Initialized Capital, helped launch the travel search website Hipmunk, and started the social enterprise Breadpig.", "Alexis Ohanian __knowledge__ Ohanian is based in San Francisco, and was a partner at Y Combinator.", "Alexis Ohanian __knowledge__ In 2012, Andy Greenberg of \"Forbes\" Magazine dubbed him \"Mayor of the Internet.\"", "Alexis Ohanian __knowledge__ Ohanian was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Chris Ohanian, an Armenian-American whose grandparents came to the US as refugees after the Armenian Genocide, and a German-born mother, Anke.", "Steve Huffman __knowledge__ Steve Huffman (born November 12, 1983) is an American web developer and the co-founder and current CEO of the content sharing website Reddit.", "Steve Huffman __knowledge__ More recently, he also participated in co-founding the airfare search-engine site Hipmunk.", "Steve Huffman __knowledge__ Huffman is a graduate of Wakefield School in The Plains, Virginia.", "Steve Huffman __knowledge__ He attended the University of Virginia, where he majored in Computer Science.", "Steve Huffman __knowledge__ After graduating, Huffman teamed up with classmate Alexis Ohanian to start Reddit, which was initially funded by Y Combinator, in 2005.", "Steve Huffman __knowledge__ Reddit was acquired by Condé Nast in 2006.", "Steve Huffman __knowledge__ In 2010, Huffman teamed up with Adam Goldstein to create the travel site Hipmunk, with funding also from Y Combinator.", "Hipmunk __knowledge__ Hipmunk, stylized as hipmunk, is a consumer-oriented online travel company headquartered in San Francisco, California.", "Hipmunk __knowledge__ It was co-founded by Adam Goldstein and Reddit co-founder Steve Huffman in 2010.", "Hipmunk __knowledge__ The company focuses on the visual organization of flight search results.", "Hipmunk __knowledge__ It received increased media attention when Google announced its flight search service in September 2011.", "Hipmunk __knowledge__ In June 2012, Hipmunk raised $15m in Series B funding led by Institutional Venture Partners, bringing their total funding to $20m.", "Hipmunk __knowledge__ In May 2014, the company announced that it raised a $20 million Series C funding round.", "Hipmunk __knowledge__ The round was led by Oak Investment Partners, which has had a great deal of experience in consumer travel.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ Christopher Brian Slowe (born November 8, 1978, Boston, MA) is an American businessman.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ He gained his PhD in Physics from Harvard, went on to co-found reddit, with Aaron Swartz, Alexis Ohanian and Steve Huffman.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ He later departed reddit and began work for Hipmunk, where he has been Chief Scientist since 2010.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ Slowe was awarded his Ph.D. in Physics from Harvard for his thesis \"Experiments and simulations in cooling and trapping of a high flux rubidium beam\".", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ His thesis advisor was Prof. Lene Hau.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ During his time as a research assistant at Harvard, he also began to devise computer programs.", "Christopher Slowe __knowledge__ Whilst studying, in the final year of his PhD he and fellow student Zak Stone gained startup monies from Y Combinator for their company Memamps.", "Aaron Swartz __knowledge__ Aaron Hillel Swartz (November 8, 1986January 11, 2013) was an American computer programmer, entrepreneur, writer, political organizer, and Internet hacktivist.", "Aaron Swartz __knowledge__ He was involved in the development of the web feed format RSS and the Markdown publishing format, the organization Creative Commons, the website framework web.py, and the social news site Reddit, in which he became a partner after its merger with his company, Infogami.", "Aaron Swartz __knowledge__ Swartz's work also focused on civic awareness and activism.", "Aaron Swartz __knowledge__ He helped launch the Progressive Change Campaign Committee in 2009 to learn more about effective online activism.", "Breadpig __knowledge__ Breadpig, stylized as breadpig, is a company that produces a variety of items that appeal to geeks, most notably publishing the book \"xkcd: volume 0\".", "Breadpig __knowledge__ Breadpig was founded by Alexis Ohanian, a co-founder of the social news site reddit.", "Breadpig __knowledge__ Alexis and Steve Huffman, reddit's other co-founder, were searching for expired domains for their yet unnamed website that had the word \"read\" in them.", "Breadpig __knowledge__ A search returned \"breadpig.com\" and the pair bought it purely out of comic value.", "Breadpig __knowledge__ Steve imagined the \"breadpig\" as a \"pig with bread wings\", and Alexis doodled the first version.", "Breadpig __knowledge__ breadpig teamed up with Randall Munroe, the author of xkcd, to publish \"xkcd: volume 0\", which contains selected xkcd comics." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit () is an American social news aggregation, web content rating, and discussion website.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Registered members submit content to the site such as links, text posts, and images, which are then voted up or down by other members.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Posts are organized by subject into user-created boards called \"subreddits\", which cover a variety of topics including news, science, movies, video games, music, books, fitness, food, and image-sharing.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Submissions with more up-votes appear towards the top of their subreddit and, if they receive enough votes, ultimately on the site's front page.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Despite strict rules prohibiting harassment, Reddit's administrators spend considerable resources on moderating the site.", "Reddit __knowledge__ As of 2017, Reddit had 542 million monthly visitors (234 million unique users), ranking as the #4 most visited website in U.S. and #8 in the world.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Across 2015, Reddit saw 82.54 billion pageviews, 73.15 million submissions, 725.85 million comments, and 6.89 billion upvotes from its users.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit was founded by University of Virginia roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian in 2005.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Condé Nast Publications acquired the site in October 2006.", "Reddit __knowledge__ Reddit became a direct subsidiary of Condé Nast's parent company, Advance Publications, in September 2011.", "VS/9 __knowledge__ VS/9 is a discontinued computer operating system available for the UNIVAC Series 90 mainframes (90/60, 90/70, and 90/80) during the late 1960s through 1980s.", "VS/9 __knowledge__ The 90/60 and 90/70 were repackaged Univac 9700 computers.", "VS/9 __knowledge__ After the RCA acquisition by Sperry, it was determined that the RCA TSOS operating system was far more advanced than the Univac counterpart, so the company opted to merge the Univac hardware with the RCA software and introduced the 90/70.", "VS/9 __knowledge__ The 90/60 was introduced shortly thereafter as a slower, less expensive 90/70.", "VS/9 __knowledge__ It was not until the introduction of the 90/80 that VS/9 finally had a hardware platform optimized to take full advantage of its capability to allow both interactive and batch operations on the same computer.", "Quicken Interchange Format __knowledge__ Quicken Interchange Format (QIF) is an open specification for reading and writing financial data to media (i.e.", "Quicken Interchange Format __knowledge__ files).", "Quicken Interchange Format __knowledge__ Although still widely used, QIF is a format older than Open Financial Exchange (OFX).", "Quicken Interchange Format __knowledge__ The inability to reconcile imported transactions against the current account information is one of the primary shortcomings of QIF.", "Quicken Interchange Format __knowledge__ Most personal money management software, such as Microsoft Money, GnuCash and Quicken's low end products (e.g.", "Quicken Interchange Format __knowledge__ Quicken Personal and Quicken Personal Plus), can read QIF files to import information.", "Quicken Interchange Format __knowledge__ Intuit's Quicken used to be able to import QIF, too, but with its 2006 version it dropped that support for several important account types, including checking, savings, and credit card accounts.", "Master (software) __knowledge__ Master is a version of DeepMind's Go software AlphaGo, named after the account name (originally Magister/Magist) used online, which won 60 straight online games against human professional Go players from 29 December 2016 to 4 January 2017.", "Master (software) __knowledge__ This version was also used in the Future of Go Summit in May 2017.", "Master (software) __knowledge__ It used four TPUs on a single machine with Elo rating 4,858.", "Master (software) __knowledge__ DeepMind claimed that AlphaGo Master was 3-stone stronger than the version used in AlphaGo v. Lee Sedol.", "Master (software) __knowledge__ The version of AlphaGo Master is used in a teaching tool, released by DeepMind on 11 December 2017, to analyze winning rates of different Go openings, unable to play real games.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ Guild Wars is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) series developed by ArenaNet and published by NCSOFT.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ The games were critically well received and won many editor's choice awards, as well as awards such as Best Value, Best Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG), and Best Game.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ \"Guild Wars\" was noted for being one of the few commercially developed games in the MMORPG genre to offer online play without subscription fees, its instanced approach to MMORPG play, and the quality of the graphics and play for computers with low specifications.", "Guild Wars __knowledge__ In April 2009, NCSoft announced that 6 million units of games in the \"Guild Wars\" series had been sold.", "Numeronym __knowledge__ A numeronym is a number-based word.", "Numeronym __knowledge__ Most commonly, a numeronym is a word where a number is used to form an abbreviation (albeit not an acronym or an initialism).", "Numeronym __knowledge__ Pronouncing the letters and numbers may sound similar to the full word: \"K9\" for \"canine\" (phonetically: \"kay\" + \"nine\").", "Numeronym __knowledge__ Alternatively, the letters between the first and last are replaced with a number representing the number of letters omitted, such as \"i18n\" for \"internationalization\".", "Numeronym __knowledge__ Sometimes the last letter is also counted and omitted.", "Numeronym __knowledge__ These word shortenings are sometimes called \"alphanumeric acronyms\", \"alphanumeric abbreviations\", or \"numerical contractions\".", "CORENA __knowledge__ CORENA is an abbreviation of \"Citizens [sic] Own Renewable Energy Network Australia Incorporated\", an Australian nonprofit organisation that relies on voluntary contributions from the public to fund practical renewable energy projects.", "CORENA __knowledge__ The concept was inspired by a conversation between founder Margaret Hender and a relative, wherein they discussed the possibility of Australia becoming powered entirely by renewable energy.", "CORENA __knowledge__ A study published by Beyond Zero Emissions established that the goal was achievable if each household contributed $8 per week over 10 years.", "CORENA __knowledge__ Thus CORENA was established to act as a focal point for the community desire to participate in such a scheme.", "Rufus Wilmot Griswold __knowledge__ Rufus Wilmot Griswold (February 13, 1815 – August 27, 1857) was an American anthologist, editor, poet, and critic.", "Rufus Wilmot Griswold __knowledge__ Born in Vermont, Griswold left home when he was 15 years old.", "Rufus Wilmot Griswold __knowledge__ He worked as a journalist, editor, and critic in Philadelphia, New York City, and elsewhere.", "Rufus Wilmot Griswold __knowledge__ He built up a strong literary reputation, in part due to his 1842 collection \"The Poets and Poetry of America\".", "Rufus Wilmot Griswold __knowledge__ This anthology, the most comprehensive of its time, included what he deemed the best examples of American poetry.", "Rufus Wilmot Griswold __knowledge__ He produced revised versions and similar anthologies for the remainder of his life, although many of the poets he promoted have since faded into obscurity.", "Air Caraïbes Flight 1501 __knowledge__ Air Caraïbes Flight 1501 (TX1501/FWI1501) was a scheduled international passenger flight, flying from Saint Martin Airport in the Dutch overseas territory of Sint Maarten to Saint Barthélemy Airport in the French overseas region of Guadeloupe.", "Air Caraïbes Flight 1501 __knowledge__ The flight was operated by Air Caraïbes, a Caribbean regional airline, using a de Havilland Canada DHC-6-300 Twin Otter.", "Air Caraïbes Flight 1501 __knowledge__ On 24 March 2001, during an approach to Saint Barthélemy Airport, the DHC-6 Twin Otter banked steeply to the left and crashed onto a house, killing all 19 passengers and crews on board.", "Air Caraïbes Flight 1501 __knowledge__ One person on the ground was also killed in the explosions that followed.", "Social news website __knowledge__ A social news website is an Internet website that features user-posted stories.", "Social news website __knowledge__ Such stories are ranked based on popularity, as voted on by other users of the site or by website administrators.", "Social news website __knowledge__ Users typically comment online on the news posts and these comments may also be ranked in popularity.", "Social news website __knowledge__ Since their emergence with the birth of Web 2.0, social news sites have been used to link many types of information, including news, humor, support, and discussion.", "Social news website __knowledge__ All such websites allow the users to submit content and each site differs in how the content is moderated.", "Social news website __knowledge__ On the Slashdot and Fark websites, administrators decide which articles are selected for the front page.", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ The social news site Reddit has occasionally been the topic of controversy due to the presence of communities on the site (known as \"subreddits\") devoted to explicit or controversial material.", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ Yishan Wong, the site's former CEO, has stated that \"We stand for free speech.", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ This means we are not going to ban distasteful subreddits.", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ We will not ban legal content even if we find it odious or if we personally condemn it.\"", "Controversial Reddit communities __knowledge__ The subreddit /r/jailbait, devoted to suggestive or revealing photos of underage females, was one of the most prominent subreddits on the site before it was closed down in October 2011 following a report by CNN.", "/r/The Donald __knowledge__ /r/The_Donald is a subreddit on Reddit where the participants create discussions and memes supportive of U.S. President Donald Trump.", "/r/The Donald __knowledge__ Initially created in June 2015 following the announcement of Trump's presidential campaign, the community has grown to over 550,000 subscribers and, as of September 2017, was ranked as one of the most active communities on the website.", "/r/The Donald __knowledge__ Activities by members and moderators of the subreddit have been controversial, and site-wide administrators have taken steps, including an overhaul of the Reddit software, to prevent the subreddit from manipulating the algorithms that select content to be displayed on Reddit's /r/all forum, which the company's motto describes as \"the front page of the Internet.\"", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "Protests against SOPA and PIPA __knowledge__ On January 18, 2012, a series of coordinated protests occurred against two proposed laws in the United States Congress—the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA).", "Protests against SOPA and PIPA __knowledge__ These followed smaller protests in late 2011.", "Protests against SOPA and PIPA __knowledge__ Protests were based on concerns that the bills, intended to provide more robust responses to copyright infringement (colloquially known as piracy) arising outside the United States, contained measures that could possibly infringe online freedom of speech, websites, and Internet communities.", "Protests against SOPA and PIPA __knowledge__ Protesters also argued that there were insufficient safeguards in place to protect sites based upon user-generated content." ] ]

[ 1, 8, 1, 1 ]

[ "I love reddit, its my favortie web site to use, great discussion on there.", "It was founded by roomates steve huffman and alexis ohanian", "Its not completely annoymous as there are at least profiles but i like that too about reddit and having discussions on the news website", "Yea i try my hardest to hide my account name on reddit but i still love using it for discussion and the communities" ]

[ "Reddit", "Reddit", "Reddit", "Reddit" ]

[ "Internet access", "That is great. I do too, but sometimes it is slow and that annoys me.", "Yes I remember those days! And now I don't know what I would do without it.", "Now that is slow and annoying!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Internet access __knowledge__ Internet access is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Various technologies, at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide this service.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Internet access was once rare, but has grown rapidly.", "Internet access __knowledge__ In 1995, only percent of the world's population had access, with well over half of those living in the United States, and consumer use was through dial-up.", "Internet access __knowledge__ By the first decade of the 21st century, many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology, and by 2014, 41 percent of the world's population had access, broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide, and global average connection speeds exceeded 1 Mbit/s.", "Internet access __knowledge__ The Internet developed from the ARPANET, which was funded by the US government to support projects within the government and at universities and research laboratories in the US – but grew over time to include most of the world's large universities and the research arms of many technology companies.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Use by a wider audience only came in 1995 when restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic were lifted." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Internet access __knowledge__ Internet access is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Various technologies, at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide this service.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Internet access was once rare, but has grown rapidly.", "Internet access __knowledge__ In 1995, only percent of the world's population had access, with well over half of those living in the United States, and consumer use was through dial-up.", "Internet access __knowledge__ By the first decade of the 21st century, many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology, and by 2014, 41 percent of the world's population had access, broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide, and global average connection speeds exceeded 1 Mbit/s.", "Internet access __knowledge__ The Internet developed from the ARPANET, which was funded by the US government to support projects within the government and at universities and research laboratories in the US – but grew over time to include most of the world's large universities and the research arms of many technology companies.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Use by a wider audience only came in 1995 when restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic were lifted.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "List of Mrs. Brown's Boys characters __knowledge__ Mrs. Brown's Boys is a BBC Scotland in partnership with BocPix and RTÉ sitcom, written by and starring Brendan O'Carroll.", "List of Mrs. Brown's Boys characters __knowledge__ Originally a radio series starting in 1992, the series became more and more popular, which led to the television series debut on January 1, 2011.", "List of Mrs. Brown's Boys characters __knowledge__ There was another DVD series which was not shown on television, prior to the current television series.", "List of Mrs. Brown's Boys characters __knowledge__ \"Main article: Agnes Brown\" Agnes Loretta Brown is the protagonist in the BBC comedy series \"Mrs. Brown's Boys\" and the host of the 2017 BBC entertainment show \"All Round to Mrs Brown's\".", "List of Mrs. Brown's Boys characters __knowledge__ Harold Brown, better known as Grandad is the father of the late Redser and father-in-law to Agnes.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ This page is an episode guide to all 52 episodes of the reality television series \"The Osbournes\".", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ The debut episode opens with a brief introduction of the family with a voice-over and scenes of each member.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ After the introductions, the episode deals with the family moving into their new Beverly Hills home.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ The family deal with problems that could arise from such a situation - finding valuable furniture broken due to lousy packing and trying to set up the TV with no instructions.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ Ozzy appears on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" as a performer.", "List of The Osbournes episodes __knowledge__ Kelly and Sharon come with Ozzy to the show, but Jack stays at home, watching a documentary about marijuana instead.", "Conservation of slow lorises __knowledge__ Slow lorises are nocturnal strepsirrhine primates in the genus \"Nycticebus\" that live in the rainforests of South and Southeast Asia.", "Conservation of slow lorises __knowledge__ They are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation from deforestation, selective logging, and slash-and-burn agriculture, as well as by collection and hunting for the wildlife trade, including the exotic pet trade, and for use in traditional medicine and as bushmeat.", "Conservation of slow lorises __knowledge__ Because of these and other threats, all five species of slow loris are listed as either \"Vulnerable\" or \"Endangered\" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).", "Conservation of slow lorises __knowledge__ Their conservation status was originally listed as \"Least Concern\" in 2000 because of imprecise population surveys and the frequency in which these primates were found in animal markets.", "List of Jimmy Two-Shoes characters __knowledge__ This is a character list of the animated series, \"Jimmy Two-Shoes\".", "List of Jimmy Two-Shoes characters __knowledge__ (Cory Doran in the series, Charlie Schlatter in the pilot) James \"Jimmy\" Two-Shoes is the eponymous protagonist of the cartoon Jimmy Two-Shoes.", "List of Jimmy Two-Shoes characters __knowledge__ He is a perpetually optimistic, thrill-seeking 14-year-old human boy.", "List of Jimmy Two-Shoes characters __knowledge__ Jimmy is tall, has blonde hair and a gap in his teeth.", "List of Jimmy Two-Shoes characters __knowledge__ He wears a light green shirt and a pair of blue jeans.", "List of Jimmy Two-Shoes characters __knowledge__ He has a mission to spread happiness to Miseryville, which makes him a source irritation to Lucius Heinous VII, whom Jimmy nicknames \"Lucy\".", "List of Jimmy Two-Shoes characters __knowledge__ He is often seen doing extreme activities despite Heloise's warnings.", "Kel Knight __knowledge__ Kel Knight is a fictional character in the Australian television show \"Kath & Kim\".", "Kel Knight __knowledge__ He is the husband of Kath Day-Knight and is a passionate butcher.", "Kel Knight __knowledge__ He is portrayed by the comic actor Glenn Robbins.", "Kel Knight __knowledge__ John Michael Higgins portrayed his equivalent (Philip \"Phil\" Lesley Knight) in the U.S. version of \"Kath & Kim\", and his portrayal was highly criticized.", "Kel Knight __knowledge__ Kel comes across as an honest, respectable, reliable man who finds out he has many talents throughout the episodes.", "Kel Knight __knowledge__ Kel takes pride in maintaining himself, although not to Kath's extent.", "Kel Knight __knowledge__ He has greased-down hair and wears pants which are too high for his body, often showing his socks.", "Rapid eye movement sleep __knowledge__ Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep, REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds, distinguishable by random/rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied with low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.", "Rapid eye movement sleep __knowledge__ The REM phase is also known as paradoxical sleep (PS) and sometimes desynchronized sleep because of physiological similarities to waking states, including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves.", "Rapid eye movement sleep __knowledge__ Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems to originate in the brain stem and is characterized most notably by an abundance of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, combined with a nearly complete absence of monoamine neurotransmitters histamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies (ICT).", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ Factors causing the divide can vary depending on the country and culture, as can the potential solutions for minimizing or closing the divide.", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The following is a list of countries that have a digital divide along with contributing factors and steps the country is taking to resolve the issue.", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The digital divide in Argentina is the term used to describe the technological and connectivity gap between different demographics and regions, specifically the gaps present in the country of Argentina.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.", "National broadband plan __knowledge__ Broadband is a term normally considered to be synonymous with a high-speed connection to the internet.", "National broadband plan __knowledge__ Suitability for certain applications, or technically a certain quality of service, is often assumed.", "National broadband plan __knowledge__ For instance, low round trip delay (or \"latency\" in milliseconds) would normally be assumed to be well under 150ms and suitable for Voice over IP, online gaming, financial trading especially arbitrage, virtual private networks and other latency-sensitive applications.", "National broadband plan __knowledge__ This would rule out satellite Internet as inherently high-latency.", "National broadband plan __knowledge__ In some applications, utility-grade reliability (measured for example in seconds per 30 years outage time as in the PSTN network) or security (say AES-128 as required for smart grid applications in the US) are often also assumed or defined as requirements.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ The digital divide in the United States refers to inequalities between individuals, households, and other groups of different demographic and socioeconomic levels in \"access\" to information and communication technologies (\"ICTs\") and in the \"knowledge and skills\" needed to effectively use the information gained from connecting.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ The global digital divide refers to inequalities in access, knowledge, and skills, but designates countries as the units of analysis and examines the divide between developing and developed countries on an international scale.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ Although the digital divide in American has decreased considerably, there are still certain groups of Americans with limited access.", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.", "Internet __knowledge__ It is a \"network of networks\" that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.", "Internet __knowledge__ The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.", "Right to Internet access __knowledge__ The right to Internet access, also known as the right to broadband or freedom to connect, is the view that all people must be able to access the Internet in order to exercise and enjoy their rights to freedom of expression and opinion and other fundamental human rights, that states have a responsibility to ensure that Internet access is broadly available, and that states may not unreasonably restrict an individual's access to the Internet.", "Right to Internet access __knowledge__ In December 2003 the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was convened under the auspice of the United Nations.", "Right to Internet access __knowledge__ After lengthy negotiations between governments, businesses and civil society representatives the WSIS Declaration of Principles was adopted reaffirming the importance of the Information Society to maintaining and strengthening human rights: The WSIS Declaration of Principles makes specific reference to the importance of the right to freedom of expression in the \"Information Society\" in stating: A poll of 27,973 adults in 26 countries, including 14,306 Internet users, conducted for the BBC World Service between 30 November 2009 and 7 February 2010 found that almost four in five Internet users and non-users around the world felt that access to the Internet was a fundamental right." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Internet access __knowledge__ Internet access is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Various technologies, at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide this service.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Internet access was once rare, but has grown rapidly.", "Internet access __knowledge__ In 1995, only percent of the world's population had access, with well over half of those living in the United States, and consumer use was through dial-up.", "Internet access __knowledge__ By the first decade of the 21st century, many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology, and by 2014, 41 percent of the world's population had access, broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide, and global average connection speeds exceeded 1 Mbit/s.", "Internet access __knowledge__ The Internet developed from the ARPANET, which was funded by the US government to support projects within the government and at universities and research laboratories in the US – but grew over time to include most of the world's large universities and the research arms of many technology companies.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Use by a wider audience only came in 1995 when restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic were lifted.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ There is evidence suggesting that different processes are involved in remembering something versus knowing whether it is familiar.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ It appears that \"remembering\" and \"knowing\" represent relatively different characteristics of memory as well as reflect different ways of using memory.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ To remember is the conscious \"recollection\" of many vivid contextual details, such as \"when\" and \"how\" the information was learned.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Remembering utilizes episodic memory and requires a deeper level of processing (e.g.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ undivided attention) than knowing.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Errors in recollection may be due to source-monitoring errors that prevent an individual from remembering where exactly a piece of information was received.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Vayetze __knowledge__ Vayetze, Vayeitzei, or Vayetzei ( — Hebrew for \"and he left,\" the first word in the parashah) is the seventh weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Vayetze __knowledge__ It constitutes .", "Vayetze __knowledge__ The parashah tells of Jacob's travels to, life in, and return from Haran.", "Vayetze __knowledge__ The parashah recounts Jacob's dream of a ladder to heaven, Jacob's meeting of Rachel at the well, Jacob's time working for Laban and living with Rachel and Leah, the birth of Jacob's children, and the departure of Jacob's family from Laban.", "Vayetze __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 7,512 Hebrew letters, 2,021 Hebrew words, 148 verses, and can occupy about 235 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.", "National broadband plan __knowledge__ Broadband is a term normally considered to be synonymous with a high-speed connection to the internet.", "National broadband plan __knowledge__ Suitability for certain applications, or technically a certain quality of service, is often assumed.", "National broadband plan __knowledge__ For instance, low round trip delay (or \"latency\" in milliseconds) would normally be assumed to be well under 150ms and suitable for Voice over IP, online gaming, financial trading especially arbitrage, virtual private networks and other latency-sensitive applications.", "National broadband plan __knowledge__ This would rule out satellite Internet as inherently high-latency.", "National broadband plan __knowledge__ In some applications, utility-grade reliability (measured for example in seconds per 30 years outage time as in the PSTN network) or security (say AES-128 as required for smart grid applications in the US) are often also assumed or defined as requirements.", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies (ICT).", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ Factors causing the divide can vary depending on the country and culture, as can the potential solutions for minimizing or closing the divide.", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The following is a list of countries that have a digital divide along with contributing factors and steps the country is taking to resolve the issue.", "Digital divide by country __knowledge__ The digital divide in Argentina is the term used to describe the technological and connectivity gap between different demographics and regions, specifically the gaps present in the country of Argentina.", "Net neutrality __knowledge__ Net neutrality is the principle that governments should mandate Internet service providers to treat all data on the Internet the same, and not discriminate or charge differently by user, content, website, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or method of communication.", "Net neutrality __knowledge__ For instance, under these principles, internet service providers are unable to deliver content tailored to the capabilities of a specific device or user, offer free services or to intentionally block, slow down or charge money for specific websites and online content.", "Net neutrality __knowledge__ The term was coined by Columbia University media law professor Tim Wu in 2003, as an extension of the longstanding concept of a common carrier, which was used to describe the role of telephone systems.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ The digital divide in the United States refers to inequalities between individuals, households, and other groups of different demographic and socioeconomic levels in \"access\" to information and communication technologies (\"ICTs\") and in the \"knowledge and skills\" needed to effectively use the information gained from connecting.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ The global digital divide refers to inequalities in access, knowledge, and skills, but designates countries as the units of analysis and examines the divide between developing and developed countries on an international scale.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ Although the digital divide in American has decreased considerably, there are still certain groups of Americans with limited access.", "Right to Internet access __knowledge__ The right to Internet access, also known as the right to broadband or freedom to connect, is the view that all people must be able to access the Internet in order to exercise and enjoy their rights to freedom of expression and opinion and other fundamental human rights, that states have a responsibility to ensure that Internet access is broadly available, and that states may not unreasonably restrict an individual's access to the Internet.", "Right to Internet access __knowledge__ In December 2003 the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was convened under the auspice of the United Nations.", "Right to Internet access __knowledge__ After lengthy negotiations between governments, businesses and civil society representatives the WSIS Declaration of Principles was adopted reaffirming the importance of the Information Society to maintaining and strengthening human rights: The WSIS Declaration of Principles makes specific reference to the importance of the right to freedom of expression in the \"Information Society\" in stating: A poll of 27,973 adults in 26 countries, including 14,306 Internet users, conducted for the BBC World Service between 30 November 2009 and 7 February 2010 found that almost four in five Internet users and non-users around the world felt that access to the Internet was a fundamental right." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Internet access __knowledge__ Internet access is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Various technologies, at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide this service.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Internet access was once rare, but has grown rapidly.", "Internet access __knowledge__ In 1995, only percent of the world's population had access, with well over half of those living in the United States, and consumer use was through dial-up.", "Internet access __knowledge__ By the first decade of the 21st century, many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology, and by 2014, 41 percent of the world's population had access, broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide, and global average connection speeds exceeded 1 Mbit/s.", "Internet access __knowledge__ The Internet developed from the ARPANET, which was funded by the US government to support projects within the government and at universities and research laboratories in the US – but grew over time to include most of the world's large universities and the research arms of many technology companies.", "Internet access __knowledge__ Use by a wider audience only came in 1995 when restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic were lifted.", "The Annoying Orange __knowledge__ The Annoying Orange is an American comedy web series created by former Minnesota film student and MTV production assistant Dane Boedigheimer in 2009.", "The Annoying Orange __knowledge__ It stars its creator as an anthropomorphic orange who annoys other fruits, vegetables, and various other objects by using jokes, which are sometimes crude.", "The Annoying Orange __knowledge__ The show was popular, later leading to it becoming the subject of a TV series, a , a range of toys, backpacks, couches, pillows, blankets, lunchboxes, drink bottles, mattresses, towels and a T-shirt line.", "The Annoying Orange __knowledge__ Other accessories, such as costumes of the series' characters, have also appeared on the market for the company.", "Dane Boedigheimer __knowledge__ Dane Boedigheimer (born September 28, 1979), better known by his cybernym Daneboe, is an American filmmaker, singer, and actor.", "Dane Boedigheimer __knowledge__ He is known for his web series \"The Annoying Orange\" and the TV series \"The High Fructose Adventures of Annoying Orange\", in which he provides the voice of the title character.", "Dane Boedigheimer __knowledge__ Born in Minnesota and raised in Harwood, North Dakota, Boedigheimer began making videos with his 8mm camcorder as a teenager.", "Dane Boedigheimer __knowledge__ Boedigheimer is a speech communications major at Minnesota State University Moorhead, and became a production assistant for MTV's \"Pimp My Ride\" three years after earning his degree.", "Annoying Actor Friend __knowledge__ Annoying Actor Friend began as a Twitter account (@Actor_Friend) and quickly expanded into a blog, book series, and live cabaret show at 54 Below.", "Annoying Actor Friend __knowledge__ Annoying Actor Friend's first book, \" #SOBLESSED: The Annoying Actor Friend's Guide to Werking in Show Business \" debuted at #1 on Amazon's Theatre/Parody list.", "Annoying Actor Friend __knowledge__ A 'choose-your-own-show-business-destiny' sequel, \"#GRATEFUL: Everything Happens For A Reason\" was released on November 30, 2015.", "Annoying Actor Friend __knowledge__ Annoying Actor Friend was nominated for a 2015 Shorty Award, which honors the best of social media.", "Annoying Actor Friend __knowledge__ The original Twitter account currently has 26.5 thousand followers. \"", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Those Annoying Post Bros __knowledge__ Those Annoying Post Bros. is an independent comic mostly by Matt Howarth about two fun-loving bad boys, Ron Post and Russ Post, from the fictional Bugtown.", "Those Annoying Post Bros __knowledge__ Equally inspired by H. P. Lovecraft, Philip K. Dick, and ambient electronic music, the series ran for 63 issues (published by a number of companies) from 1985–1998, making it one of the longest-running indy comics titles.", "Those Annoying Post Bros __knowledge__ The Post Bros. are natives of a mysterious transdimensional locality known as Bugtown, where all residents possess the ability to engage in Interdimensional travel.", "Those Annoying Post Bros __knowledge__ Anyone killed in Bugtown or brought there immediately after death will soon regenerate.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Theory of descriptions __knowledge__ The theory of descriptions is the philosopher Bertrand Russell's most significant contribution to the philosophy of language.", "Theory of descriptions __knowledge__ It is also known as Russell's theory of descriptions (commonly abbreviated as RTD).", "Theory of descriptions __knowledge__ In short, Russell argued that the syntactic form of descriptions (phrases that took the form of \"The aardvark\" and \"An aardvark\") is misleading, as it does not correlate their logical and/or semantic architecture.", "Theory of descriptions __knowledge__ While descriptions may seem fairly uncontroversial phrases, Russell argued that providing a satisfactory analysis of the linguistic and logical properties of a description is vital to clarity in important philosophical debates, particularly in semantic arguments, epistemology and metaphysics.", "Sundial __knowledge__ A sundial is a device that tells the time of day when there is sunlight by the apparent position of the Sun in the sky.", "Sundial __knowledge__ In the narrowest sense of the word, it consists of a flat plate (the \"dial\") and a \"gnomon\", which casts a shadow onto the dial.", "Sundial __knowledge__ As the Sun appears to move across the sky, the shadow aligns with different \"hour-lines\", which are marked on the dial to indicate the time of day.", "Sundial __knowledge__ The \"style\" is the time-telling edge of the gnomon, though a single point or \"nodus\" may be used.", "Sundial __knowledge__ The gnomon casts a broad shadow; the shadow of the style shows the time.", "Sundial __knowledge__ The gnomon may be a rod, wire, or elaborately decorated metal casting.", "National Capital FreeNet __knowledge__ National Capital FreeNet (NCF) (French: \"Libertel de la Capitale Nationale\"), is a non-profit community organization internet service provider, with the goal of linking people in Canada's capital of Ottawa and ensuring no Ottawa citizens would be excluded from internet access.", "National Capital FreeNet __knowledge__ Founded in September 1992 with the active participation of volunteers, Carleton University, and private industry (which donated communications equipment), NCF was one of the first free-nets set up worldwide and was patterned after the Cleveland Free-Net that had been established at Case Western Reserve University in 1984.", "Thornton Dial __knowledge__ Thornton Dial (10 September 1928 – 25 January 2016) was a pioneering African-American artist who came to prominence in the late 1980s.", "Thornton Dial __knowledge__ Dial’s body of work exhibits formal variety through expressive, densely composed assemblages of found materials, often executed on a monumental scale.", "Thornton Dial __knowledge__ His range of subjects embraces a broad sweep of history, from human rights to natural disasters and current events.", "Thornton Dial __knowledge__ His works have been acquired by the Museum of Modern Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the American Folk Art Museum, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia and most recently the de Young Museum of Art and the Philadelphia Museum of Art.", "Dutch Flat, California __knowledge__ Dutch Flat (also, Dutchman's Flat, Dutch Charlie's Flat, and Charley's Flat) is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Placer County, California, United States, about northeast of Auburn along Interstate 80.", "Dutch Flat, California __knowledge__ It was founded by German immigrants in 1851 and was once one of the richest gold mining locations in California.", "Dutch Flat, California __knowledge__ Dutch Flat is now registered as a California Historical Landmark.", "Dutch Flat, California __knowledge__ The community's ZIP code is 95714 and its area code 530.", "Dutch Flat, California __knowledge__ Dutch Flat was founded by two German brothers, Joseph and Charles Dornbach who settled there in 1851 during the California Gold Rush.", "Antikythera mechanism __knowledge__ The Antikythera mechanism ( or ) is an ancient Greek analog computer and orrery used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses for calendar and astrological purposes decades in advance.", "Antikythera mechanism __knowledge__ It could also track the four-year cycle of athletic games which was similar to an Olympiad, the cycle of the ancient Olympic Games.", "Antikythera mechanism __knowledge__ The device was found housed in the remains of a × × wooden box.", "Antikythera mechanism __knowledge__ It is a complex clockwork mechanism composed of at least 30 meshing bronze gears.", "Antikythera mechanism __knowledge__ A team led by Mike Edmunds and Tony Freeth at Cardiff University used modern computer x-ray tomography and high resolution surface scanning to image inside fragments of the crust-encased mechanism and read the faintest inscriptions that once covered the outer casing of the machine.", "Object Management Group __knowledge__ The Object Management Group (OMG) is an international, open membership, not-for-profit technology standards consortium.", "Object Management Group __knowledge__ OMG Task Forces develop enterprise integration standards for a wide range of technologies and industries.", "Object Management Group __knowledge__ OMG modeling standards enable visual design, execution and maintenance of software and other processes.", "Object Management Group __knowledge__ Originally aimed at standardizing distributed object-oriented systems, the company now focuses on modeling (programs, systems and business processes) and model-based standards.", "Object Management Group __knowledge__ OMG provides only specifications, and does not provide implementations.", "Object Management Group __knowledge__ But before a specification can be accepted as a standard by OMG, the members of the submitter team must guarantee that they will bring a conforming product to market within a year." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4, 0 ]

[ "I have good internet access. I can connect to people across the world. ", "That would be annoying. Just think...internet access was once rare not to long ago.", "True. In 1995 most people that had it were using dial up. OMG!!!! Dial up!", "Yeah. I'm glad we now have a wide range of speeds provided by Internet Service Providers or ISPs." ]

[ "Internet access", "Internet access", "Internet access", "Internet access" ]

[ "Pizza\nI love pizza so much its such a comfort food.", "But its so delicious plus its Italian and I love Italian food. ", "What the best dish that Italian in your opinion ?", "Sounds delicious, what about Italian desert? They have some great deserts. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Comfort food __knowledge__ Comfort food is food that provides a nostalgic or sentimental value to someone, and may be characterized by its high caloric nature, high carbohydrate level, or simple preparation.", "Comfort food __knowledge__ The nostalgia may be specific to an individual, or it may apply to a specific culture.", "Comfort food __knowledge__ The term \"comfort food\" has been traced back at least to 1966, when the \"Palm Beach Post\" used it in a story: \"Adults, when under severe emotional stress, turn to what could be called ‘comfort food’—food associated with the security of childhood, like mother’s poached egg or famous chicken soup.\"", "Comfort food __knowledge__ They are believed to be a great coping mechanism for rapidly soothing negative feelings.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes for the reality television series \"The Great Food Truck Race\" on Food Network.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ There are seven truck teams competing in the race for a grand prize of $50,000.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Each truck team consists of a driver and two crew members who must staff the truck and are responsible for cooking, shopping, orders and publicity.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Every week they start off with no food to make things fair for all the teams who must make do with whatever cash Tyler Florence provides (seed money) at the start of each episode, in each new city.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The trucks all convene in Los Angeles.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Austin Daily Press – This team from Austin, Texas serves hot, grilled sandwiches.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Comfort __knowledge__ Comfort (or being \"comfortable\") is a sense of physical or psychological ease, often characterized as a lack of hardship.", "Comfort __knowledge__ Persons who are lacking in comfort are uncomfortable, or experiencing discomfort.", "Comfort __knowledge__ A degree of psychological comfort can be achieved by recreating experiences that are associated with pleasant memories, such as engaging in familiar activities, maintaining the presence of familiar objects, and consumption of comfort foods.", "Comfort __knowledge__ Comfort is a particular concern in health care, as providing comfort to the sick and injured is one goal of healthcare, and can facilitate recovery.", "Comfort __knowledge__ Persons who are surrounded with things that provide psychological comfort may be described as \"in their comfort zone\".", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ California-style pizza (also known as California pizza or Gourmet pizza) is a style of single-serving pizza that combines New York and Italian thin crust with toppings from the California cuisine cooking style.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Its invention is generally attributed to chef Ed LaDou, and Chez Panisse, in Berkeley, California.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Wolfgang Puck, after meeting LaDou, popularized the style of pizza in the rest of the country.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ It is served in a number of California Cuisine restaurants.", "California-style pizza __knowledge__ Such restaurant chains as California Pizza Kitchen, Extreme Pizza, and Sammy's Woodfired Pizza are three major pizza franchises associated with California-style pizza.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, the British cookery writer, published eight books in the 34 years between 1950 and 1984; the last was issued eight years before her death.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ After David's death, her literary executor, Jill Norman, supervised the publication of eight more books, drawing on David's unpublished manuscripts and research and on her published writings for books and magazines.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ David's first five books, particularly the earlier works, contained recipes interspersed with literary quotation and descriptions of people and places that inspired her.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ By the time of her third book, \"Italian Food\", David had begun to add sections about the history of the cuisine and the particular dishes that she wrote about.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ Delicious is a series of time management casual games that is developed by Zylom Studios and later on by Gamehouse Studios.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ From the 7th game onwards, the games are developed by Gamehouse Studios and Blue Giraffe.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ The games tell the story of Emily, a waitress who aspires to one day run her own restaurant, and who works in several other restaurants in order to earn the money to eventually make her dream come true.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ After releasing the first 3 games of the series, Zylom decided to \"renew\" the series by adding some factors to it to make Emily's world more memorable and natural.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ As a result of this, from the fourth game onwards, the series received high appreciation and reviews from casual game critics and gamers, such as Gamezebo, who gave the seventh game, \"Emily's True Love\", a maximum 5/5 star overall review.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans ( or \"italo-americani\" ) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have full or majority-ancestry from Italy.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans are the fourth largest white ethnic group in the United States (not including American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German American, African American, Irish American, Mexican American, English American, and American).. About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Immigration began to increase during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated (1870–79: 46,296) than during the five previous decades combined (1820–69: 22,627).", "English cuisine __knowledge__ English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, partly through the importation of ingredients and ideas from North America, China, and India during the time of the British Empire and as a result of post-war immigration.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional meals have ancient origins, such as bread and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and game pies, boiled vegetables and broths, and freshwater and saltwater fish.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ The 14th-century English cookbook, the \"Forme of Cury\", contains recipes for these, and dates from the royal court of Richard II.", "History of Italian Americans in Boston __knowledge__ Not all of the 5.3 million Italians who immigrated to the United States between 1820 and 1978 came through Ellis Island.", "History of Italian Americans in Boston __knowledge__ Many came through other ports, including the Port of Boston.", "History of Italian Americans in Boston __knowledge__ Exactly how many stayed in Boston is not known, but it was enough to make Italians the second largest ancestry group in Boston, after the Irish.", "History of Italian Americans in Boston __knowledge__ Most settled initially in the North End; others settled in East Boston, the West End, Roxbury, and other neighborhoods.", "History of Italian Americans in Boston __knowledge__ Most of Boston's Italian immigrants were southern Italians who had little money and could not speak English.", "History of Italian Americans in Boston __knowledge__ They faced many hardships in the early years, including exploitation and discrimination.", "Simone Calori __knowledge__ Simone Calori (born 23 July 1980) is an Italian footballer.", "Simone Calori __knowledge__ Born in Montevarchi, the Province of Arezzo, Tuscany, Calori started his career at Serie D club Colligiana.", "Simone Calori __knowledge__ In 1999, he was signed by Cagliari.", "Simone Calori __knowledge__ From 2000 to 2006, Calori spent 6 seasons with Sangiovannese, a team also located in the Province of Arezzo.", "Simone Calori __knowledge__ In 2006, he moved to Pisa, Tuscany.", "Simone Calori __knowledge__ Calori played 31 matches in 2006–07 Serie C1.", "Simone Calori __knowledge__ Calori also played all 4 matches in the promotion playoffs, winning promotion back to Serie B.", "Simone Calori __knowledge__ In July 2007, Calori moved to fellow Serie B club Mantova.", "Simone Calori __knowledge__ He only played 18 games in 2007–08 Serie B, including 7 starts.", "Luigi Calori __knowledge__ Luigi Calori (8 February 1807 - 19 December 1896) was an Italian physician who was Professor of Human Anatomy at the University of Bologna for over 50 years.", "Luigi Calori __knowledge__ Luigi Calori was born in San Pietro in Casale in 1807, son of Teresa Gibelli and Francesco Calori.", "Luigi Calori __knowledge__ His father was a country doctor.", "Luigi Calori __knowledge__ He first studied at the Jesuit college in Ferrara before going on the University of Bologna.", "Luigi Calori __knowledge__ He graduated on 7 July 1829 with a medical degree.", "Luigi Calori __knowledge__ During his years of study he met several exponents of Italian culture including Gioachino Rossini.", "Luigi Calori __knowledge__ He was appointed anatomical prosector at the university on 4 November 1830.", "Alessandro Calori __knowledge__ Alessandro Calori (born 29 August 1966 in Arezzo) is an Italian association football coach and former player, currently a head coach of Serie B club Trapani.", "Alessandro Calori __knowledge__ As a defender, he is mostly remembered for his lengthy spell with Udinese during the 90s, where he also served as the club's captain.", "Alessandro Calori __knowledge__ A product of Arezzo's youth system, Calori made his professional debut in 1985 with Serie C team Montevarchi, where he spent four season.", "Alessandro Calori __knowledge__ After two seasons with Pisa, in 1991 Calori joined Udinese, where he spent eight seasons, all as a regular starter, gaining a reputation as a powerful and physically strong centre back, with good leadership skills, and later also being named the club's captain.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ Low-carbohydrate diets or low-carb diets are dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ Foods high in easily digestible carbohydrates (e.g., sugar, bread, pasta) are limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of fats and moderate protein (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese, nuts, and seeds) and other foods low in carbohydrates (e.g., most salad vegetables such as spinach, kale, chard and collards), although other vegetables and fruits (especially berries) are often allowed.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ The amount of carbohydrate allowed varies with different low-carbohydrate diets.", "Calori &amp; Vanden-Eynden __knowledge__ CVEDesign, formally Calori & Vanden-Eynden (est.", "Calori &amp; Vanden-Eynden __knowledge__ 1982) is a New York City-based firm specializing in environmental graphic design (EGD): signage, wayfinding, placemaking, and user navigation systems within the built environment.", "Calori &amp; Vanden-Eynden __knowledge__ The firm's notable EGD work includes Washington, D.C.'s citywide pedestrian wayfinding system (Washington Post feature); branded signage for Amtrak’s Acela train service, which received a gold IDEA award from the Industrial Designers Society of America (IDSA); signage for New York City’s Second Avenue Subway, under construction; and signage for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum (in partnership with Alexander Isley).", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where \"m\" could be different from \"n\").", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ This formula holds true for monosaccharides.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, has the empirical formula CHO.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ The carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; structurally it is more accurate to view them as aldoses and ketones.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of 'saccharide', a group that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Britain's Best Dish __knowledge__ Britain's Best Dish was a British daytime cookery show part of the ITV Food category on ITV and hosted by Mary Nightingale.", "Britain's Best Dish __knowledge__ Amateur cooks from around the UK compete to cook \"Britain's Best Dish\" and a prize of £10,000.", "Britain's Best Dish __knowledge__ The judges were Ed Baines, John Burton Race and Jilly Goolden.", "Britain's Best Dish __knowledge__ From October 2011, the competition was rebranded as simply \"Best Dish\" with new graphics and a new look studio.", "Britain's Best Dish __knowledge__ The programme aired weekdays at 5pm from 2007 until 2011.", "Britain's Best Dish __knowledge__ A book containing recipes from the series was published in 2009.", "Britain's Best Dish __knowledge__ In the regional heats, Monday to Thursday, three pairs of amateur cooks compete every day to produce the best starter, main and pudding with three winners from each course going through to a regional final on Friday.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes for the reality television series \"The Great Food Truck Race\" on Food Network.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ There are seven truck teams competing in the race for a grand prize of $50,000.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Each truck team consists of a driver and two crew members who must staff the truck and are responsible for cooking, shopping, orders and publicity.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Every week they start off with no food to make things fair for all the teams who must make do with whatever cash Tyler Florence provides (seed money) at the start of each episode, in each new city.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The trucks all convene in Los Angeles.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Austin Daily Press – This team from Austin, Texas serves hot, grilled sandwiches.", "Iron Chef __knowledge__ The host of the show is the flamboyant Takeshi Kaga, known on the show as .", "Iron Chef __knowledge__ He begins most episodes with his signature words, taken from Arthur Rimbaud, \"If memory serves me right...「私の記憶が確かならば…」\"(Jadis) si je me souviens bien...\" and summons the Iron Chefs to cook with a phrase \"Allez cuisine!\"", "Iron Chef __knowledge__ (\"Go cook!\").", "Iron Chef __knowledge__ The show has two regular commentators, Kenji Fukui who narrates the action on the floor, and Dr. Yukio Hattori, a food scholar and founder of the Hattori Nutrition College.", "Iron Chef __knowledge__ A floor reporter, Shinichiro Ohta, reports to Fukui on what the challengers and Iron Chefs are preparing, their strategy, and their comments, breaking Fukui's train of commentary with a polite \"Fukui-san?\".", "Great BBQ Challenge __knowledge__ Australia's Great BBQ Challenge is a reality TV show on the Lifestyle FOOD Channel.", "Great BBQ Challenge __knowledge__ The show is a competition to find Australia's best BBQ Chef and is hosted by Jabba and was first aired 2 December 2006.", "Great BBQ Challenge __knowledge__ The winner receives $25,000 (AUD) and the chance to host their own cooking show on Lifestyle FOOD.", "Great BBQ Challenge __knowledge__ Throughout the contest the Top 21 Finalists were given challenges to test their presenting skills, to see if they have what it takes to host their own show on Lifestyle FOOD.", "Great BBQ Challenge __knowledge__ The shows' judges are Ben O'Donoghue, Julia Zemiro and Mark Adamson.", "Great BBQ Challenge __knowledge__ Celebrity chef, Ben O'Donoghue (of Surfing the Menu), gives the contestants tips on cooking technique, seasoning, time management and presentation.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ Dish Network (often stylized as DISH Network, or just simply DISH) is an American-based direct-broadcast satellite service provider.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company provides satellite television, audio programming, and interactive television services to commercial and residential customers in the United States.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ , the company provided services to 13.7 million television and 580,000 broadband subscribers.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company has approximately 16,000 employees.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company is headquartered in Meridian, Colorado, though the postal designation of nearby Englewood, Colorado is used in the corporate mailing.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ In January 2008, Dish Network was spun off from its former parent company EchoStar, which was founded by Charlie Ergen as a satellite television equipment distributor in 1980.", "Iron Chef UK __knowledge__ Iron Chef UK was a British competition-based cooking show based on Fuji Television's \"Iron Chef\" and Food Network's \"Iron Chef America\".", "Iron Chef UK __knowledge__ It was produced by IWC Media and broadcast on Channel 4.", "Iron Chef UK __knowledge__ The show aired during daytime, five days a week at 5pm in 2010, and was hosted by Olly Smith and Nick Nairn.", "Iron Chef UK __knowledge__ The four Iron Chefs were Tom Aikens, Martin Blunos, Sanjay Dwivedi and Judy Joo.", "Iron Chef UK __knowledge__ Like the original \"Iron Chef\", the competitions were held in Kitchen Stadium and presided over by the Chairman.", "Iron Chef UK __knowledge__ Judging occurred in two rounds, with the first round being appetisers, and the second being the main courses.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ In the early 2000s, Dish Network received criticism regarding controversial technology and carriage disputes with programming providers.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ Most notably, when the Hopper digital video recorder provided an easy way for viewers to watch certain programming without commercials, major networks sued Dish Network.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ Dish Network's Hopper digital video recorder, announced in January 2012, led to controversy over a feature, called \"AutoHop\", which allows viewers to watch some programming without commercials, subject to time restrictions.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ AutoHop is an extension of the DVR's prime time recording capability.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ When enabled, the feature records but hides commercials, giving viewers the option of viewing primetime programming on the four major networks commercial-free.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy ( ; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe.", "Italy __knowledge__ Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City.", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate.", "Italy __knowledge__ With around 61 million inhabitants it is the fourth most populous EU member state.", "Italy __knowledge__ Since classical times, ancient Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively and various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Italy is considered the birthplace of Western civilization and a cultural superpower.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Italy has been the starting point of phenomena of international impact such as the Magna Graecia, the Roman Empire, the Roman Catholic Church, the Renaissance, the Risorgimento and the European integration.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ During its history, the nation gave birth to an enormous number of notable people.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Both the internal and external faces of Western culture were born on the Italian peninsula, whether one looks at the history of the Christian faith, civil institutions (such as the Senate), philosophy, law, art, science, or social customs and culture.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and referred to in Italy as Salsa di pomodoro) refers to any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish (rather than as a condiment).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as sauces for pasta dishes.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomatoes have a rich flavor, high liquid content, very soft flesh which breaks down easily, and the right composition to thicken into a sauce when they are cooked (without the need of thickeners such as roux).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ All of these qualities make them ideal for simple and appealing sauces.", "Bolognese sauce __knowledge__ Bolognese sauce , known in Italian as ragù alla bolognese ], ragù bolognese ], or simply ragù, is a meat-based sauce originating from Bologna, Italy, hence the name.", "Bolognese sauce __knowledge__ In Italian cuisine, it is customarily used to dress \"\"tagliatelle al ragù\"\" and to prepare \"\"lasagne alla bolognese\"\".", "Bolognese sauce __knowledge__ In the absence of tagliatelle, it can also be used with other broad, flat pasta shapes, such as pappardelle or fettuccine.", "Bolognese sauce __knowledge__ Genuine \"ragù alla bolognese\" is a slowly cooked sauce, and its preparation involves several techniques, including sweating, sautéing and braising.", "Bolognese sauce __knowledge__ Ingredients include a characteristic soffritto of onion, celery and carrot, different types of minced or finely chopped beef, often alongside small amounts of fatty pork.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Italian-American cuisine is a style of Italian cuisine adapted throughout the United States of America.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Italian-American food has been shaped throughout history by various waves of immigrants and their descendants, called Italian Americans.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ As immigrants from the different regions of Italy settled throughout the various regions of the United States, many brought with them a distinct regional Italian culinary tradition.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Many of these foods and recipes developed into new favorites for the townspeople and later for Americans nationwide.", "Italian-American cuisine __knowledge__ Prominent American chefs and cooks working in the Italian-American tradition include Giada De Laurentiis, Mario Batali, Michael Chiarello, Frank Pellegrino, Rocco DiSpirito, Tom Colicchio, and Lidia Bastianich." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Desert __knowledge__ A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.", "Desert __knowledge__ The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation.", "Desert __knowledge__ About one third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid.", "Desert __knowledge__ This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or \"cold deserts\".", "Desert __knowledge__ Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls, by the temperature that prevails, by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location.", "Geography of Saudi Arabia __knowledge__ The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen.", "Geography of Saudi Arabia __knowledge__ Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal.", "Geography of Saudi Arabia __knowledge__ The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula.", "Geography of Saudi Arabia __knowledge__ Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown.", "Gene desert __knowledge__ Gene deserts are regions of the genome that are devoid of protein-coding genes.", "Gene desert __knowledge__ Gene deserts constitute an estimated 25% of the entire genome, leading to the recent interest in their true functions.", "Gene desert __knowledge__ Originally believed to contain inessential and “junk” DNA due to their inability to create proteins, gene deserts have since been linked to several vital regulatory functions, including distal enhancing and conservatory inheritance.", "Gene desert __knowledge__ Thus, an increasing number of risks that lead to several major diseases, including a handful of cancers, have been attributed to irregularities found in gene deserts.", "Gene desert __knowledge__ One of the most notable examples is the 8q24 gene region, which, when affected by certain single nucleotide polymorphisms, lead to a myriad of diseases.", "East African Campaign (World War II) __knowledge__ The East African Campaign (also known as the Abyssinian Campaign) was fought in East Africa during World War II by Allied forces, mainly from the British Empire, against Axis forces, primarily from Italy of Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\", or AOI), between June 1940 and November 1941.", "East African Campaign (World War II) __knowledge__ Forces of the British Middle East Command, including units from the United Kingdom and the colonies of British East Africa, British Somaliland, British West Africa, the Indian Empire, Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Mandatory Palestine, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia and Sudan participated in the campaign.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ Delicious is a series of time management casual games that is developed by Zylom Studios and later on by Gamehouse Studios.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ From the 7th game onwards, the games are developed by Gamehouse Studios and Blue Giraffe.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ The games tell the story of Emily, a waitress who aspires to one day run her own restaurant, and who works in several other restaurants in order to earn the money to eventually make her dream come true.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ After releasing the first 3 games of the series, Zylom decided to \"renew\" the series by adding some factors to it to make Emily's world more memorable and natural.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ As a result of this, from the fourth game onwards, the series received high appreciation and reviews from casual game critics and gamers, such as Gamezebo, who gave the seventh game, \"Emily's True Love\", a maximum 5/5 star overall review.", "Food desert __knowledge__ A food desert is an area, especially one with low-income residents, that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In contrast, an area with supermarkets or vegetable shops is termed a food oasis.", "Food desert __knowledge__ The term food desert considers the type and quality of food available to the population, in addition to the number, nature, and size of food stores that are accessible.", "Food desert __knowledge__ Food deserts are characterized by a lack of supermarkets which decreases residents’ access to fruits, vegetables and other whole foods.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In 2010, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported that 18 million Americans live in a food desert, meaning that they live more than one mile from a supermarket in urban or suburban areas, and more than 10 miles from a supermarket in rural areas.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ Pasta is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ It is also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes.", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ Pasta is, typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked and served in any number of dishes.", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ It can be made with flour from other cereals or grains, and eggs may be used instead of water.", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ Each traditional pasta dish is defined by a specific kind of pasta, a specific cooking style and a specific sauce or condiment.", "List of pasta dishes __knowledge__ There are large number of evolutions and variants of the traditional dishes.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Fresca __knowledge__ Fresca is a diet lime and grapefruit citrus soft drink made by The Coca-Cola Company.", "Fresca __knowledge__ Borrowing the word \"Fresca\" (meaning \"fresh\") from Spanish, it was first introduced in the United States in 1966.", "Fresca __knowledge__ Since introduction in 1966, Fresca has been marketed in the United States as a calorie-free, lime and grapefruit-flavored soft drink.", "Fresca __knowledge__ Fresca has undergone several major ingredient changes since its introduction.", "Fresca __knowledge__ It was originally sweetened with cyclamates, which were banned by the FDA in 1969, and replaced with saccharin.", "Fresca __knowledge__ That was replaced by NutraSweet-brand aspartame.", "Fresca __knowledge__ Around the time of the 2005 redesign, acesulfame potassium was added as a secondary sweetener.", "Durum __knowledge__ Durum wheat (), also called pasta wheat or macaroni wheat (\"Triticum durum\" or \"Triticum turgidum\" subsp.", "Durum __knowledge__ \"durum\"), is a tetraploid species of wheat.", "Durum __knowledge__ It is the second most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat, although it only represents 5% to 8% of global wheat production.", "Durum __knowledge__ It was developed by artificial selection of the domesticated emmer wheat strains formerly grown in Central Europe and the Near East around 7000 BC, which developed a naked, free-threshing form.", "Durum __knowledge__ Like emmer, durum wheat is awned (with bristles).", "Durum __knowledge__ It is the predominant wheat that grows in the Middle East.", "Durum __knowledge__ \"Durum\" in Latin means \"hard\", and the species is the hardest of all wheats.", "Fruta Fresca __knowledge__ \"Fruta Fresca\" (\"Fresh Fruit\") is a vallenato song written and performed by Colombian recording artist Carlos Vives and produced by Emilio Estefan and Juan Vicente Zambrano as the lead single from his studio album \"El Amor de Mi Tierra\" (1999).", "Fruta Fresca __knowledge__ The song incorporates the sound of Latin pop and Colombian vallenato music.", "Fruta Fresca __knowledge__ In the song, he compares his lover's kisses to fresh fruit.", "Fruta Fresca __knowledge__ The track was well received by critics who praised the production of the record.", "Fruta Fresca __knowledge__ \"Fruta Fresca\" became Vives' first number-one hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Songs chart.", "Fruta Fresca __knowledge__ It received three Latin Grammy nominations for Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Tropical Song and a Lo Nuestro nomination for Tropical Song of the Year.", "Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art __knowledge__ The Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art (SECCA) is a multimedia contemporary art gallery in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.", "Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art __knowledge__ SECCA has no permanent collection but offers exhibitions of works by artists with regional, national, and international recognition.", "Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art __knowledge__ Although founded as a private institution, it became an operating entity of the North Carolina Museum of Art under the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources in 2007.", "Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art __knowledge__ Admission is free.", "Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art __knowledge__ SECCA has been accredited by the American Alliance of Museums (AAM) since 1979, one of only 300 museums in the United States to earn this distinction." ] ]

[ 12, 21, 67, 12 ]

[ "Yes, Pizza is high in calori, carbohydrate", "wow, you have to try Italian cuisine, typically from Italy", "my best is pasta, secca and fresca", "yes, they do but with a nice landscape with animal life" ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Horse training", "I have never rode a horse before.", "I only see horses during the Kentucky Derby.", "Yes. I always watch the race with my father." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training.", "1st Cavalry Division (United States) __knowledge__ The 1st Cavalry Division (\"First Team\") is a combined arms division and is one of the most decorated combat divisions of the United States Army, as well as the other four branches of the U.S. military.", "1st Cavalry Division (United States) __knowledge__ It is based at Fort Hood, Texas.", "1st Cavalry Division (United States) __knowledge__ It was formed in 1921 and served during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Persian Gulf War, with the Stabilization Force in Bosnia-Herzegovina, in the Iraq War, in the War in Afghanistan and in Operation Freedom’s Sentinel.", "1st Cavalry Division (United States) __knowledge__ As of October 2017, the 1st Cavalry Division is subordinate to III Corps and is commanded by Major General Paul T. Calvert.", "1st Cavalry Division (United States) __knowledge__ The unit is unique in that it has served as a Cavalry (horse) Division, an Infantry Division, an Air Assault Division and an Armored Division throughout its existence.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ Joseph Mercer, OBE (born 25 October 1934) is a retired English thoroughbred race horse jockey.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He was active as a jockey from 1947 to 1985 and rode a total of 2,810 winners in Britain.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ Mercer's nickname was \"Smokin' Joe\".", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He was apprenticed to trainer Frederick Sneyd and won his first British Classic race while still an apprentice on Ambiguity in the 1953 Epsom Oaks.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He was British flat racing Champion Apprentice twice, in 1952 and 1953.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ He subsequently worked as stable jockey for Jack Colling, Dick Hern, Henry Cecil and Peter Walwyn.", "Joe Mercer (jockey) __knowledge__ During his spell at Cecil's yard he won his only British flat racing Champion Jockey's title in 1979.", "Tod Sloan (jockey) __knowledge__ James Forman \"Tod\" Sloan (August 10, 1874 - December 21, 1933) was an American thoroughbred horse racing jockey.", "Tod Sloan (jockey) __knowledge__ He was elected to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1955.", "Tod Sloan (jockey) __knowledge__ Sloan was born in Bunker Hill, Indiana, near Kokomo, the son of a Union Army soldier.", "Tod Sloan (jockey) __knowledge__ He was a tiny and frail child, and after his mother died when he was five, his father sent him to live with a nearby family.", "Tod Sloan (jockey) __knowledge__ He was still a young boy when he struck out on his own, taking jobs in the nearby gas and oil fields.", "Tod Sloan (jockey) __knowledge__ For a time he ended up working at a horse racing stable in St. Louis, but later in Kansas City was employed by a thoroughbred horse trainer who encouraged him to take advantage of his diminutive stature and become a jockey.", "Luke Snyder (bull rider) __knowledge__ Luke Snyder (born October 6, 1982) is an American former professional bull rider on the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) on the elite Built Ford Tough Series (BFTS) tour.", "Luke Snyder (bull rider) __knowledge__ He is the 2001 PBR Rookie of the Year, and the 2001 PBR Finals Event winner.", "Luke Snyder (bull rider) __knowledge__ Luke Snyder was born on October 6, 1982, and is originally from Raymore, Missouri.", "Luke Snyder (bull rider) __knowledge__ Luke's father Mike has been supporting his son since he got on his first steer at 9 years old.", "Luke Snyder (bull rider) __knowledge__ Mike was there when Snyder started getting on bulls around 13 or 14 years old.", "Luke Snyder (bull rider) __knowledge__ He pulled his son's rope for him at the amateur events.", "Luke Snyder (bull rider) __knowledge__ However, once he turned 18 and went professional, Mike has been watching from the stands.", "Honey Craven __knowledge__ Clarence Leo \"Honey\" Craven (September 10, 1904 – July 22, 2003), was an American equestrian, ringmaster and manager of the National Horse Show at Madison Square Garden in New York, the Devon Horse Show in Pennsylvania, and ringmaster at nearly every prominent horse show in the United States.", "Honey Craven __knowledge__ He also managed the Eastern States Show, the Children's Services Show and the North Shore Horse Show.", "Honey Craven __knowledge__ Craven was born and raised in Brookline, Massachusetts (near Boston).", "Honey Craven __knowledge__ His father was an Irish liveryman who worked for Harris Upham's brokerage firm.", "Honey Craven __knowledge__ Craven said his nickname came from an old vaudeville song, \"Honey Boy.\"", "Battle of Beersheba (1917) __knowledge__ The Battle of Beersheba (, ) was fought on 31 October 1917, when the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) attacked and captured the Yildirim Army Group garrison at Beersheba, beginning the Southern Palestine Offensive of the Sinai and Palestine campaign of World War I. Infantry from the 60th (London) and the 74th (Yeomanry) Divisions of the XX Corps from the southwest conducted limited attacks in the morning, then the Anzac Mounted Division (Desert Mounted Corps) launched a series of attacks against the strong defences which dominated the eastern side of Beersheba, resulting in their capture during the late afternoon.", "Joe Childs __knowledge__ Joseph \"Joe\" Childs (1884–1958) was a French-born, British-based flat racing jockey.", "Joe Childs __knowledge__ He won fifteen British Classics in a 35-year career, the last ten years of which were spent as jockey to King George V. He was known for riding a slow, waiting race, and also for having a short temper which regularly saw him at odds with his trainers and owners.", "Joe Childs __knowledge__ Childs was born in Chantilly into a racing family.", "Joe Childs __knowledge__ His father had ridden successfully in France, and his grandfather had worked at the stables of Peter Price in Newmarket.", "Joe Childs __knowledge__ There were also four brothers – Albert, Arthur, Charles and Henry – who all became jockeys.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ Horse Behaviour has been studied by horse users for centuries, as the horse was one of the first animals mankind domesticated and understanding its behaviour has always been important in horse welfare and in training to get the best use out of a horse.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ In the wild, horses are prey animals that live in herds, which affects their reactions to other horses and to the world around them.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ Their behaviour in wild, feral conditions has been studied extensively as has their reactions to living and working in domestic situations.", "Horse behavior __knowledge__ Interactions with other horses, such as dominance and communication methods has been studied extensively and numerous books and videos exist on different aspects of horse behaviour.", "Horse trainer __knowledge__ A horse trainer is a person who tends to horses and teaches them different disciplines.", "Horse trainer __knowledge__ Some of the responsibilities trainers have are caring for the animals’ physical needs, as well as teaching them submissive behaviors and/or coaching them for events, which may include contests and other riding purposes.", "Horse trainer __knowledge__ The level of education and the yearly salary they can earn for this profession may differ depending on where the person is employed.", "Horse trainer __knowledge__ Horse domestication by the Botai culture in Kazakhstan dates to about 3500 BC.", "Horse trainer __knowledge__ Written records of horse training as a pursuit has been documented as early as 1350 BC, by Kikkuli, the Hurrian \"master horse trainer\" of the Hittite Empire.", "Natural horsemanship __knowledge__ Natural horsemanship is a collective term for a variety of horse training techniques which have seen rapid growth in popularity since the 1980s.", "Natural horsemanship __knowledge__ The techniques vary in their precise tenets but generally share principles of developing a rapport with horses, using methods said to be derived from observation of the natural behavior of free-roaming horses and rejecting abusive training methods.", "Natural horsemanship __knowledge__ Natural horsemanship practitioners often describe their principles with evangelical zeal, describing the approach as being a radical departure from \"traditional\" techniques, which are often portrayed as being based in the use of unnecessary force.", "Jesse Beery __knowledge__ Professor Jesse Beery (June 13, 1861 – February, 1945) was an American horse trainer and writer.", "Jesse Beery __knowledge__ He claimed he could train any horse, horses that ran away, horses that pulled too hard, horses that were spooked too easily and horses that refused to be shoed.", "Jesse Beery __knowledge__ His best-known work was \"Prof. Beery's Mail Course in Horsemanship,\" and sold widely through mail-order ads placed in various equine magazines.", "Jesse Beery __knowledge__ His horse training methods are claimed to have been used by horse trainers all over the world over the last hundred years.", "Jesse Beery __knowledge__ Jesse Beery was the son of Enoch and Mary Beery.", "Jesse Beery __knowledge__ The Beery family, with its eight members, resided in Pleasant Hill, Ohio.", "The Horse Whisperer (film) __knowledge__ The Horse Whisperer is a 1998 American drama film directed by and starring Robert Redford, based on the 1995 novel \"The Horse Whisperer\" by Nicholas Evans.", "The Horse Whisperer (film) __knowledge__ Redford plays the title role, a talented trainer with a remarkable gift for understanding horses, who is hired to help an injured teenager (played by Scarlett Johansson) and her horse back to health following a tragic accident.", "The Horse Whisperer (film) __knowledge__ Teenager Grace MacLean (Scarlett Johansson) and her best friend Judith (Kate Bosworth) go out early one winter's morning to ride their horses, Pilgrim and Gulliver.", "The Horse Whisperer (film) __knowledge__ As they ride up an icy slope, Gulliver slips and hits Pilgrim.", "Kikkuli __knowledge__ Kikkuli was the Hurrian \"master horse trainer\" (\"assussanni\", virtually Sanskrit \"\") of the land Mitanni\" (\"A-AŠ-ŠU-UŠ-ŠA-AN-NI ŠA\" KUR \"MI-IT-TA-AN-NI\") and author of a chariot horse training text written in the Hittite language, dating to the Hittite New Kingdom (around 1400 BCE).", "Kikkuli __knowledge__ The text is notable both for the information it provides about the development of Indo-European languages and for its content.", "Kikkuli __knowledge__ “Thus speaks Kikkuli, master horse trainer of the land of Mitanni” (\"UM.MA Ki-ik-ku-li\" \"A-AŠ-ŠU-UŠ-ŠA-AN-NI ŠA\" KUR \"MI-IT-TA-AN-NI\").", "Kikkuli __knowledge__ Thus begins Kikkuli's text.", "Kikkuli __knowledge__ The text contains a complete prescription for conditioning (exercise and feeding) Hittite war horses over 214 days." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ California Chrome (foaled February 18, 2011) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was named the 2014 and 2016 American Horse of the Year.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He won the 2014 Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, and the 2016 Dubai World Cup.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ In 2016, he surpassed Curlin as the all-time leading North American horse in earnings won.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ Bred in California, the chestnut-colored horse was named for his flashy white markings, called \"chrome\" by horse aficionados.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was bred and originally owned by Perry Martin from Yuba City, California, and Steve Coburn of Topaz Lake, Nevada, who named their partnership DAP Racing, standing for \"Dumb Ass Partners\"—a tongue-in-cheek response to a passerby who questioned their wisdom in purchasing California Chrome's dam, Love the Chase.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ The Road to the Kentucky Derby is a points system by which horses qualify for a position in the starting gate for the Kentucky Derby.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ It features dozens of stakes races for 2 and 3-year-old Thoroughbreds – the number and specific races have changed slightly over the years.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ The point system replaced a previous qualifying system that looked at earnings from all graded stakes races worldwide.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ There are 20 positions available in the starting gate for the Kentucky Derby.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ Starting in 2017, one of those spots is reserved for the winner of the separate Japan Road to the Kentucky Derby.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ If the winner of the Japan Road declines the offer, their position is offered to the next ranked Japanese horse.", "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) __knowledge__ In the United States, the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, commonly known as the Triple Crown, is a title awarded to a three-year-old Thoroughbred horse who wins the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Belmont Stakes.", "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) __knowledge__ The three races were inaugurated in different years, the last being the Kentucky Derby in 1875.", "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) __knowledge__ These races are now run annually in May and early June of each year.", "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) __knowledge__ The Triple Crown Trophy, commissioned in 1950 but awarded to all previous winners as well as those after 1950, is awarded to a Triple Crown winner.", "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) __knowledge__ The first winner of all three Triple Crown races was Sir Barton in 1919.", "Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ The Kentucky Derby presented by Woodford Reserve is a horse race that is held annually in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, on the first Saturday in May, capping the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival.", "Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ The race is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds at a distance of one and a quarter miles (2 km) at Churchill Downs.", "Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ Colts and geldings carry and fillies .", "Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ The race is known in the United States as \"The Most Exciting Two Minutes In Sports\" or \"The Fastest Two Minutes in Sports\" for its approximate duration, and is also called \"The Run for the Roses\" for the blanket of roses draped over the winner.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ American Pharoah (foaled February 2, 2012) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the American Triple Crown and the Breeders' Cup Classic in 2015.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ In winning all four races, he became the first horse to win the Grand Slam of Thoroughbred racing.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ He won the 2015 Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year and 2015 Champion three-year-old.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ He was bred and owned throughout his racing career by Ahmed Zayat of Zayat Stables, trained by Bob Baffert, and ridden in most of his races by Victor Espinoza.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ He now stands at stud at Ashford Stud in Kentucky.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ After finishing fifth in his track debut as a two-year-old, American Pharoah won his next two races, the Grade I Del Mar Futurity and FrontRunner Stakes, each by several lengths.", "Rosie Napravnik __knowledge__ Anna Rose \"Rosie\" Napravnik (born February 9, 1988) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey and two-time winner of the Kentucky Oaks.", "Rosie Napravnik __knowledge__ Beginning her career in 2005, she was regularly ranked among the top jockeys in North America in both earnings and total races won.", "Rosie Napravnik __knowledge__ By 2014 she had been in the top 10 by earnings three years in a row and was the highest-ranked woman jockey in North America.", "Rosie Napravnik __knowledge__ In 2011, she won the Louisiana Derby for her first time and was ninth in the 2011 Kentucky Derby with the horse Pants on Fire.", "Rosie Napravnik __knowledge__ In 2012, she broke the total wins and earnings record for a woman jockey previously held by Julie Krone, in the process becoming the first woman rider to win the Kentucky Oaks, riding Believe You Can, winning the race for a second time in 2014 on Untapable.", "Northern Dancer __knowledge__ Northern Dancer (May 27, 1961 – November 16, 1990) was a Canadian-bred Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1964 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes and then became one of the most successful sires of the 20th century.", "Northern Dancer __knowledge__ He is considered a Canadian icon, and was inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in 1965.", "Northern Dancer __knowledge__ Induction into the Racing Hall of Fame in both Canada and the United States followed in 1976.", "Northern Dancer __knowledge__ As a competitor, \"The Blood-Horse\" ranks him as one of the top 100 U.S. Thoroughbred champions of the 20th century.", "Northern Dancer __knowledge__ A sire of sires, he has been called the leading male-line progenitor of modern Thoroughbreds worldwide.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Horses in the Middle Ages differed in size, build and breed from the modern horse, and were, on average, smaller.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ They were also more central to society than their modern counterparts, being essential for war, agriculture, and transport.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Consequently, specific types of horse developed, many of which have no modern equivalent.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ While an understanding of modern horse breeds and equestrianism is vital for any analysis of the medieval horse, researchers also need to consider documentary (both written and pictorial) and archaeological evidence.", "Horses in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ Horses in the Middle Ages were rarely differentiated by breed, but rather by use.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, was carried out during World War II by the United Kingdom and France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany - and later Fascist Italy - in order to sustain their war efforts.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The economic war consisted mainly of a naval blockade which formed part of the wider Battle of the Atlantic, and included the preclusive buying of war materials from neutral countries to prevent their sale to the enemy.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ There were four distinct phases of the blockade.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The first period was from the beginning of European hostilities in September 1939 to the end of the \"Phoney War,\" during which the Allies and Axis Powers both intercepted neutral merchant ships to seize deliveries en route to the enemy.", "History of the horse in Britain __knowledge__ The known history of the horse in Britain starts with horse remains found in Pakefield, Suffolk, dating from 700,000 BC, and in Boxgrove, West Sussex, dating from 500,000 BC.", "History of the horse in Britain __knowledge__ Early humans were active hunters of horses, and finds from the Ice Age have been recovered from many sites.", "History of the horse in Britain __knowledge__ At that time, land which now forms the British Isles was part of a peninsula attached to continental Europe by a low-lying area now known as \"Doggerland\", and land animals could migrate freely between what is now island Britain and continental Europe.", "History of the horse in Britain __knowledge__ The domestication of horses, and their use to pull vehicles, had begun in Britain by 2500 BC; by the time of the Roman conquest of Britain, British tribes could assemble armies which included thousands of chariots.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Hunter is an American crime drama created by Frank Lupo, which ran on NBC from 1984 to 1991.", "Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ It starred Fred Dryer as Sgt.", "Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Rick Hunter and Stepfanie Kramer as Sgt.", "Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Dee Dee McCall.", "Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The title character Sgt.", "Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Rick Hunter was a wily, physically imposing, often rule-breaking homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department.", "Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The show's main characters, Hunter and McCall, resolved many of their cases by lethal force, but no more so than many other related television dramas.", "Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The show's executive producer during the first season was Stephen J. Cannell, whose company produced the series.", "Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Stepfanie Kramer left after the sixth season (1990) to pursue other acting and musical opportunities.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ General Sir Hubert de la Poer Gough (12 August 1870 – 18 March 1963) was a senior officer in the British Army in the First World War.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ A favourite of the British Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, he experienced a meteoric rise through the ranks during the war and commanded the British Fifth Army from 1916 to 1918.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ The name of Gough probably derives from the Welsh word \"coch\", meaning \"red\".", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ Before leaving England Gough's ancestors were clerics and clerks in Wiltshire, and the family settled in Ireland in the early 17th century, not as planters but in clerical positions.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ By the nineteenth century they were an Anglo-Irish family of the landed gentry settled at Gurteen, County Waterford, Ireland.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ The history of Missouri begins with settlement of the region by indigenous people during the Paleo-Indian period beginning in about 12,000 BC.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Subsequent periods of native life emerged until the 17th century.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ New France set up small settlements, and in 1803 Napoleonic France sold the area to the U.S. as part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Statehood for Missouri came following a compromise in 1820 that allowed slavery.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Settlement was rapid after 1820, aided by a network of rivers navigable by steamboats, centered in the dominant city St. Louis.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ It attracted European immigrants, especially Germans; the business community had a large Yankee element as well." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training.", "Valentino Rossi __knowledge__ Valentino Rossi (; ; born 16 February 1979) is an Italian professional motorcycle road racer and multiple MotoGP World Champion.", "Valentino Rossi __knowledge__ Rossi is one of the most successful , with nine Grand Prix World Championships to his name – seven of which are in the premier class.", "Valentino Rossi __knowledge__ Rossi owns the Sky Racing Team by VR46 which campaigns in the Moto3 and Moto2 categories of Grand Prix motorcycle racing.", "Valentino Rossi __knowledge__ Following his father Graziano Rossi, he started racing in Grand Prix in 1996 for Aprilia in the 125cc category and won his first World Championship the following year.", "Valentino Rossi __knowledge__ From there, Rossi moved up to the 250cc category with Aprilia and won the 250cc World Championship in 1999.", "Reveille (dog) __knowledge__ Reveille is the official mascot of Texas A&M University.", "Reveille (dog) __knowledge__ Students adopted the first Reveille, a mixed-breed dog, in 1931.", "Reveille (dog) __knowledge__ The cadets raised $100 during World War II to make Reveille a general, as part of a fundraiser for the K-9 Corps.", "Reveille (dog) __knowledge__ Reveille is the highest-ranking member of the Texas A&M Corps of Cadets.", "Reveille (dog) __knowledge__ Eight years after the first Reveille died, a graduate of the university donated a Shetland Sheepdog to be the second official Aggie mascot, Reveille II.", "Reveille (dog) __knowledge__ The third Reveille was the first to be a purebred Rough Collie; all subsequent mascots have belonged to this breed.", "Reveille (dog) __knowledge__ Reveille IV, V, VI, and VII died in 1989, 1999, 2003, and 2013, respectively.", "List of Home Improvement characters __knowledge__ This article contains character information for the American television sitcom \"Home Improvement\".", "List of Home Improvement characters __knowledge__ Timothy \"Tim\" Taylor (Tim Allen) – Tim Taylor (the character has a birth date of October 1954) is the father of the family.", "List of Home Improvement characters __knowledge__ Ever the know-it-all, Tim believes he has an incredibly wide knowledge of tools, electronics, and general mechanics.", "List of Home Improvement characters __knowledge__ In reality, he is highly accident-prone.", "List of Home Improvement characters __knowledge__ He actually does have a significant amount of skill as a general handyman, but can be overly confident and prone to spectacular mishaps.", "List of Home Improvement characters __knowledge__ He often forgets a crucial step, ignores instructions, makes ill-advised modifications, or comes to inaccurate conclusions.", "Chloe Mitchell __knowledge__ Chloe Mitchell is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera, \"The Young and the Restless\".", "Chloe Mitchell __knowledge__ Introduced by former executive producer Edward J. Scott as the daughter of trusty Chancellor family maid, Esther Valentine (Kate Linder), the character was born onscreen on July 30, 1990.", "Chloe Mitchell __knowledge__ Originally portrayed by twins, Darla and Sandra Greer, until 1991, upon her brief return in 1994, child actress, Danielle Ryah, portrayed the role.", "Chloe Mitchell __knowledge__ On February 6, 2008, executive producer/head writer Josh Griffith introduced a new character, Chloe Mitchell, played by former \"All My Children\" actress, Elizabeth Hendrickson.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "California Chrome __knowledge__ California Chrome (foaled February 18, 2011) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was named the 2014 and 2016 American Horse of the Year.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He won the 2014 Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, and the 2016 Dubai World Cup.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ In 2016, he surpassed Curlin as the all-time leading North American horse in earnings won.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ Bred in California, the chestnut-colored horse was named for his flashy white markings, called \"chrome\" by horse aficionados.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was bred and originally owned by Perry Martin from Yuba City, California, and Steve Coburn of Topaz Lake, Nevada, who named their partnership DAP Racing, standing for \"Dumb Ass Partners\"—a tongue-in-cheek response to a passerby who questioned their wisdom in purchasing California Chrome's dam, Love the Chase.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ The Road to the Kentucky Derby is a points system by which horses qualify for a position in the starting gate for the Kentucky Derby.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ It features dozens of stakes races for 2 and 3-year-old Thoroughbreds – the number and specific races have changed slightly over the years.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ The point system replaced a previous qualifying system that looked at earnings from all graded stakes races worldwide.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ There are 20 positions available in the starting gate for the Kentucky Derby.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ Starting in 2017, one of those spots is reserved for the winner of the separate Japan Road to the Kentucky Derby.", "Road to the Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ If the winner of the Japan Road declines the offer, their position is offered to the next ranked Japanese horse.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ American Pharoah (foaled February 2, 2012) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the American Triple Crown and the Breeders' Cup Classic in 2015.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ In winning all four races, he became the first horse to win the Grand Slam of Thoroughbred racing.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ He won the 2015 Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year and 2015 Champion three-year-old.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ He was bred and owned throughout his racing career by Ahmed Zayat of Zayat Stables, trained by Bob Baffert, and ridden in most of his races by Victor Espinoza.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ He now stands at stud at Ashford Stud in Kentucky.", "American Pharoah __knowledge__ After finishing fifth in his track debut as a two-year-old, American Pharoah won his next two races, the Grade I Del Mar Futurity and FrontRunner Stakes, each by several lengths.", "Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ The Kentucky Derby presented by Woodford Reserve is a horse race that is held annually in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, on the first Saturday in May, capping the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival.", "Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ The race is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds at a distance of one and a quarter miles (2 km) at Churchill Downs.", "Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ Colts and geldings carry and fillies .", "Kentucky Derby __knowledge__ The race is known in the United States as \"The Most Exciting Two Minutes In Sports\" or \"The Fastest Two Minutes in Sports\" for its approximate duration, and is also called \"The Run for the Roses\" for the blanket of roses draped over the winner.", "Louisville, Kentucky __knowledge__ Louisville ( , or ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 29th-most populous city in the United States.", "Louisville, Kentucky __knowledge__ It is one of two cities in Kentucky designated as first-class, the other being the state's second-largest city of Lexington.", "Louisville, Kentucky __knowledge__ Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County.", "Louisville, Kentucky __knowledge__ Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark and is named after King Louis XVI of France, making Louisville one of the oldest cities west of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Louisville, Kentucky __knowledge__ Sited beside the Falls of the Ohio, the only major obstruction to river traffic between the upper Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico, the settlement first grew as a portage site.", "Kentucky Derby Festival __knowledge__ The Kentucky Derby Festival is an annual festival held in Louisville, Kentucky during the two weeks preceding the first Saturday in May, the day of the Kentucky Derby.", "Kentucky Derby Festival __knowledge__ The festival, Kentucky's largest single annual event, first ran from 1935 to 1937, and restarted in 1956 and includes: The Kentucky Derby Festival Association started the first week-long festival in 1935, including a parade, a riverfront regatta and an orchestral concert.", "Kentucky Derby Festival __knowledge__ The first director was Olympic gold medallist Arnold Jackson.", "Kentucky Derby Festival __knowledge__ In 1937, a Derby Festival king and queen were crowned, marking the start of this tradition.", "Kentucky Derby Festival __knowledge__ After the floods of 1937, the festival was discontinued and it was not until 1956 when the modern-day Kentucky Derby Festival was reborn.", "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) __knowledge__ In the United States, the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, commonly known as the Triple Crown, is a title awarded to a three-year-old Thoroughbred horse who wins the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Belmont Stakes.", "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) __knowledge__ The three races were inaugurated in different years, the last being the Kentucky Derby in 1875.", "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) __knowledge__ These races are now run annually in May and early June of each year.", "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) __knowledge__ The Triple Crown Trophy, commissioned in 1950 but awarded to all previous winners as well as those after 1950, is awarded to a Triple Crown winner.", "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) __knowledge__ The first winner of all three Triple Crown races was Sir Barton in 1919." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 28, 66 ]

[ "my neighbor does some horse training to get them ready to obey humans", "neither have I, they were used for warfare, farm work, sports or transport and I never needed them", "the kentucky derby is really cool, it lasts for two weeks!", "that's cool the horses consist mostly of three year old thoroughbreds" ]

[ "Horse training", "Horse training", "Horse training", "Horse training" ]

[ "Radiology", "That sounds like it would be interesting to study! What types of machines do they use for radiology? ", "Neat! Do you have to get a college degree to be a radiologist?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiology __knowledge__ Radiology is the science that uses medical imaging to diagnose and sometimes also treat diseases within the body.", "Radiology __knowledge__ A variety of imaging techniques such as X-ray radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine including positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to diagnose and/or treat diseases.", "Radiology __knowledge__ Interventional radiology is the performance of (usually minimally invasive) medical procedures with the guidance of imaging technologies.", "Radiology __knowledge__ The acquisition of medical images is usually carried out by the radiographer, often known as a \"Radiologic Technologist\".", "Radiology __knowledge__ The Diagnostic Radiologist, a specially trained doctor, then interprets or \"reads\" the images and produces a report of their findings and impression or diagnosis.", "Radiology __knowledge__ In some places, a Reporting Radiographer, a radiographer with advanced training, may also interpret basic images.", "Radiology __knowledge__ This report is then transmitted to the Clinician who requested the imaging.", "Radiology __knowledge__ The report can initially be made as a \"wet-read\" which is a rapid preliminary response to a clinical question, which will generally followed later by a final report.", "Radiology __knowledge__ Medical images are stored digitally in the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) where they can be viewed by all members of the healthcare team within the same health system and compared later on with future imaging exams." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiology __knowledge__ Radiology is the science that uses medical imaging to diagnose and sometimes also treat diseases within the body.", "Radiology __knowledge__ A variety of imaging techniques such as X-ray radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine including positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to diagnose and/or treat diseases.", "Radiology __knowledge__ Interventional radiology is the performance of (usually minimally invasive) medical procedures with the guidance of imaging technologies.", "Radiology __knowledge__ The acquisition of medical images is usually carried out by the radiographer, often known as a \"Radiologic Technologist\".", "Radiology __knowledge__ The Diagnostic Radiologist, a specially trained doctor, then interprets or \"reads\" the images and produces a report of their findings and impression or diagnosis.", "Radiology __knowledge__ In some places, a Reporting Radiographer, a radiographer with advanced training, may also interpret basic images.", "Radiology __knowledge__ This report is then transmitted to the Clinician who requested the imaging.", "Radiology __knowledge__ The report can initially be made as a \"wet-read\" which is a rapid preliminary response to a clinical question, which will generally followed later by a final report.", "Radiology __knowledge__ Medical images are stored digitally in the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) where they can be viewed by all members of the healthcare team within the same health system and compared later on with future imaging exams.", "Full body scanner __knowledge__ A full-body scanner is a device that detects objects on a person's body for security screening purposes, without physically removing clothes or making physical contact.", "Full body scanner __knowledge__ Depending on the technology used, the operator may see an alternate-wavelength image of the person's naked body, or merely a cartoon-like representation of the person with an indicator showing where any suspicious items were detected.", "Full body scanner __knowledge__ For privacy and security reasons, the display is generally not visible to other passengers, and in some cases is located in a separate room where the operator cannot see the face of the person being screened.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Backscatter X-ray __knowledge__ Backscatter X-ray is an advanced X-ray imaging technology.", "Backscatter X-ray __knowledge__ Traditional X-ray machines detect hard and soft materials by the variation in x-ray intensity transmitted through the target.", "Backscatter X-ray __knowledge__ In contrast, backscatter X-ray detects the radiation that reflects from the target.", "Backscatter X-ray __knowledge__ It has potential applications where less-destructive examination is required, and can operate even if only one side of the target is available for examination.", "Backscatter X-ray __knowledge__ The technology is one of two types of whole-body imaging technologies that have been used to perform full-body scans of airline passengers to detect hidden weapons, tools, liquids, narcotics, currency, and other contraband.", "Techno __knowledge__ Techno is a form of electronic dance music that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, in the United States during the mid-to-late 1980s.", "Techno __knowledge__ The first recorded use of the word \"techno\" in reference to a specific genre of music was in 1988.", "Techno __knowledge__ Many styles of techno now exist, but Detroit techno is seen as the foundation upon which a number of subgenres have been built.", "Techno __knowledge__ In Detroit, techno resulted from the melding of African American music including Chicago house, funk, electro, and electric jazz with electronic music by artists such as Kraftwerk, Giorgio Moroder, and Yellow Magic Orchestra.", "Techno __knowledge__ Added to this is the influence of futuristic and fictional themes relevant to life in American late capitalist society, with Alvin Toffler's book \"The Third Wave\" being a notable point of reference.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ The phonograph is a device, invented in 1877, for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ In its later forms, it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910), or, since the 1940s, a record player.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a \"record\".", "Phonograph __knowledge__ To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound.", "Medical imaging __knowledge__ Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology).", "Medical imaging __knowledge__ Medical imaging seeks to reveal internal structures hidden by the skin and bones, as well as to diagnose and treat disease.", "Medical imaging __knowledge__ Medical imaging also establishes a database of normal anatomy and physiology to make it possible to identify abnormalities.", "Medical imaging __knowledge__ Although imaging of removed organs and tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are usually considered part of pathology instead of medical imaging.", "CT scan __knowledge__ A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual \"slices\") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.", "CT scan __knowledge__ Other terms include computed axial tomography (CAT scan) and computer aided tomography.", "CT scan __knowledge__ Digital geometry processing is used to further generate a three-dimensional volume of the inside of the object from a large series of two-dimensional radiographic images taken around a single axis of rotation.", "Medical ultrasound __knowledge__ Medical ultrasound (also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography) is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound.", "Medical ultrasound __knowledge__ It is used to see internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs.", "Medical ultrasound __knowledge__ Its aim is often to find a source of a disease or to exclude any pathology.", "Medical ultrasound __knowledge__ The practice of examining pregnant women using ultrasound is called obstetric ultrasound, and is widely used.", "Medical ultrasound __knowledge__ Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies which are higher than those audible to humans (>20,000 Hz).", "Medical ultrasound __knowledge__ Ultrasonic images also known as sonograms are made by sending pulses of ultrasound into tissue using a probe.", "Pathology __knowledge__ Pathology (from the Greek roots of \"pathos\" (), meaning \"experience\" or \"suffering\" whence the English word \"path\" is derived by transliteration, and \"-logia\" (), \"study of\") is a significant component of the causal study of pathogens and a major field in modern medicine and diagnosis.", "Pathology __knowledge__ Hence, 'the study of paths', by which disease comes.", "Pathology __knowledge__ The term pathology itself may be used broadly to refer to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of bioscience research fields and medical practices (including plant pathology and veterinary pathology), or more narrowly to describe work within the contemporary medical field of \"general pathology,\" which includes a number of distinct but inter-related medical specialties that diagnose disease—mostly through analysis of tissue, cell, and body fluid samples.", "Paediatric radiology __knowledge__ Paediatric radiology (or pediatric radiology) is a subspecialty of radiology involving the imaging of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.", "Paediatric radiology __knowledge__ Many paediatric radiologists practice at children's hospitals.", "Paediatric radiology __knowledge__ Although some diseases seen in paediatrics are the same as that in adults, there are many conditions which are seen only in infants.", "Paediatric radiology __knowledge__ The specialty has to take in account the dynamics of a growing body, from pre-term infants to large adolescents, where the organs follow growth patterns and phases.", "Paediatric radiology __knowledge__ These require specialised imaging and treatment which is carried out in a Children's hospital, which has all the facilities necessary to treat children and their specific pathologies.", "Medicine __knowledge__ Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.", "Medicine __knowledge__ Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness.", "Medicine __knowledge__ Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others.", "Medicine __knowledge__ Medicine has existed for thousands of years, during most of which it was an art (an area of skill and knowledge) frequently having connections to the religious and philosophical beliefs of local culture." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiology __knowledge__ Radiology is the science that uses medical imaging to diagnose and sometimes also treat diseases within the body.", "Radiology __knowledge__ A variety of imaging techniques such as X-ray radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine including positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to diagnose and/or treat diseases.", "Radiology __knowledge__ Interventional radiology is the performance of (usually minimally invasive) medical procedures with the guidance of imaging technologies.", "Radiology __knowledge__ The acquisition of medical images is usually carried out by the radiographer, often known as a \"Radiologic Technologist\".", "Radiology __knowledge__ The Diagnostic Radiologist, a specially trained doctor, then interprets or \"reads\" the images and produces a report of their findings and impression or diagnosis.", "Radiology __knowledge__ In some places, a Reporting Radiographer, a radiographer with advanced training, may also interpret basic images.", "Radiology __knowledge__ This report is then transmitted to the Clinician who requested the imaging.", "Radiology __knowledge__ The report can initially be made as a \"wet-read\" which is a rapid preliminary response to a clinical question, which will generally followed later by a final report.", "Radiology __knowledge__ Medical images are stored digitally in the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) where they can be viewed by all members of the healthcare team within the same health system and compared later on with future imaging exams.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education, also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,726 Title IV degree-granting institutions, either colleges or universities in the country.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for-profit colleges.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ High visibility issues include greater use of the Internet, such as massive open online courses, competency-based education, sexual assault, cutbacks in state and local spending, rapidly rising tuition and increasing student loan debt According to the National Student Clearinghouse, US college enrollment has declined for five consecutive years and is projected to continue declining for the next two decades.", "Radiographer __knowledge__ Radiographers, also known as radiologic technologists, diagnostic radiographers and medical radiation technologists are healthcare professionals who specialise in the imaging of human anatomy for the diagnosis and treatment of pathology.", "Radiographer __knowledge__ Radiographers are infrequently, and almost always erroneously, known as \"x-ray technicians.\"", "Radiographer __knowledge__ In countries which use the title \"radiologic technologist\" they are often informally referred to as \"techs\" in the clinical environment; this phrase has emerged in popular culture such as television programmes.", "Radiographer __knowledge__ The title \"Radiographer\" can also refer to the Therapeutic Radiographer also known as Radiation therapist.", "Education in South Korea __knowledge__ Education in South Korea is provided by both public schools and private schools.", "Education in South Korea __knowledge__ Both types of schools receive funding from the government, although the amount that the private schools receive is less than the amount of the state schools.", "Education in South Korea __knowledge__ In recent years, Incheon Global Campus (with start-up support) has kick-started, and Yonsei University opened an international college to embrace the full English teaching environment scheme.", "Education in South Korea __knowledge__ South Korea is one of the top-performing OECD countries in reading literacy, mathematics and sciences with the average student scoring 542.", "Education in South Korea __knowledge__ The country has one of the worlds highest-educated labour forces among OECD countries.", "Computer-aided diagnosis __knowledge__ Computer-aided detection (CADe), also called computer-aided diagnosis (CADx), are systems that assist doctors in the interpretation of medical images.", "Computer-aided diagnosis __knowledge__ Imaging techniques in X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound diagnostics yield a great deal of information that the radiologist or other medical professional has to analyze and evaluate comprehensively in a short time.", "Computer-aided diagnosis __knowledge__ CAD systems process digital images for typical appearances and to highlight conspicuous sections, such as possible diseases, in order to offer input to support a decision taken by the professional.", "Computer-aided diagnosis __knowledge__ CAD also has potential future applications in digital pathology with the advent of whole-slide imaging and machine learning algorithms.", "Educational attainment in the United States __knowledge__ The educational attainment of the U.S. population is similar to that of many other industrialized countries with the vast majority of the population having completed secondary education and a rising number of college graduates that outnumber high school dropouts.", "Educational attainment in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the population of the United States is spending more years in formal educational programs.", "Educational attainment in the United States __knowledge__ As with income, levels differ by race, age, household configuration and geography.", "Educational attainment in the United States __knowledge__ Overall the households and demographics featuring the highest educational attainment in the United States are also among those with the highest household income and wealth.", "Picture archiving and communication system __knowledge__ A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a medical imaging technology which provides economical storage and convenient access to images from multiple modalities (source machine types).", "Picture archiving and communication system __knowledge__ Electronic images and reports are transmitted digitally via PACS; this eliminates the need to manually file, retrieve, or transport film jackets, the folders used to store and protect X-ray film.", "Picture archiving and communication system __knowledge__ The universal format for PACS image storage and transfer is DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine).", "Picture archiving and communication system __knowledge__ Non-image data, such as scanned documents, may be incorporated using consumer industry standard formats like PDF (Portable Document Format), once encapsulated in DICOM.", "Medical imaging __knowledge__ Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology).", "Medical imaging __knowledge__ Medical imaging seeks to reveal internal structures hidden by the skin and bones, as well as to diagnose and treat disease.", "Medical imaging __knowledge__ Medical imaging also establishes a database of normal anatomy and physiology to make it possible to identify abnormalities.", "Medical imaging __knowledge__ Although imaging of removed organs and tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are usually considered part of pathology instead of medical imaging.", "CT scan __knowledge__ A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual \"slices\") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.", "CT scan __knowledge__ Other terms include computed axial tomography (CAT scan) and computer aided tomography.", "CT scan __knowledge__ Digital geometry processing is used to further generate a three-dimensional volume of the inside of the object from a large series of two-dimensional radiographic images taken around a single axis of rotation.", "Phase-contrast X-ray imaging __knowledge__ Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images.", "Phase-contrast X-ray imaging __knowledge__ Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector.", "Phase-contrast X-ray imaging __knowledge__ In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.", "Preclinical imaging __knowledge__ Preclinical imaging is the visualization of living animals for research purposes, such as drug development.", "Preclinical imaging __knowledge__ Imaging modalities have long been crucial to the researcher in observing changes, either at the organ, tissue, cell, or molecular level, in animals responding to physiological or environmental changes.", "Preclinical imaging __knowledge__ Imaging modalities that are non-invasive and \"in vivo\" have become especially important to study animal models longitudinally.", "Preclinical imaging __knowledge__ Broadly speaking, these imaging systems can be categorized into primarily morphological/anatomical and primarily molecular imaging techniques.", "Preclinical imaging __knowledge__ Techniques such as high-frequency micro-ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are usually used for anatomical imaging, while optical imaging (fluorescence and bioluminescence), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are usually used for molecular visualizations.", "Radiography __knowledge__ Radiography is an imaging technique using X-rays to view the internal structure of an object.", "Radiography __knowledge__ To create the image, a beam of X-rays, a form of electromagnetic radiation, are produced by an X-ray generator and are projected toward the object.", "Radiography __knowledge__ A certain amount of X-ray is absorbed by the object, dependent on its density and composition.", "Radiography __knowledge__ The X-rays that pass through the object are captured behind the object by a detector (either photographic film or a digital detector).", "Radiography __knowledge__ The generation of flat two dimensional images by this technique is called projectional radiography.", "Radiography __knowledge__ Computed tomography (CT scanning) is where multiple 2D images from different angles undergo computer processing to generate 3D representations.", "X-ray __knowledge__ X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.", "X-ray __knowledge__ Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×10 Hz to 3×10 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV.", "X-ray __knowledge__ X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays.", "X-ray __knowledge__ In many languages, X-radiation is referred to with terms meaning Röntgen radiation, after the German scientist Wilhelm Röntgen, who usually is credited as its discoverer, and who had named it \"X-radiation\" to signify an unknown type of radiation." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 5 ]

[ "i am interested in learning more about radiology, the sceince that uses medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases within the body", "there are a variety of imaging techniques used such as x-ray radiography, ultrasound, computed tomograpgy (CT)", "well a diagnostic radiologist is a trained doctor. he interprets or \"reads\" the images and produces a report of their findings and impression or diagnosis " ]

[ "Radiology", "Radiology", "Radiology" ]

[ "Rita Hayworth", "She was much like Marilyn Monroe.", "I love the film Some Like It Hot.", "It is a good film! Who was her co-star?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers.", "Original songs in Smash __knowledge__ \"Smash\" is an American musical-drama television series created by playwright Theresa Rebeck.", "Original songs in Smash __knowledge__ It premiered in the United States on NBC on February 6, 2012.", "Original songs in Smash __knowledge__ The series revolves around a fictional New York theater community making new Broadway musicals.", "Original songs in Smash __knowledge__ In the first season, the focus was on the making of \"Bombshell\", a musical based on the life of Marilyn Monroe.", "Original songs in Smash __knowledge__ In the second season, the show was split between taking \"Bombshell\" to Broadway and the creation and mounting of a contemporary pop musical called \"Hit List\" that was about the price of fame.", "Original songs in Smash __knowledge__ Other fictional musicals that were touched on for which original songs were performed include \"Beautiful\" and \"Liaisons\".", "Death of Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Marilyn Monroe was found dead on August 5, 1962, at her 12305 Fifth Helena Drive home in Los Angeles of a barbiturate overdose.", "Death of Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ She was a major sex symbol and one of the most popular Hollywood stars during the 1950s and early 1960s.", "Death of Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ She was a top-billed actress for a decade, and her films grossed $200 million by 1962.", "Death of Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ At the time of her death, Monroe had suffered from mental illness and substance abuse for several years, and had not completed a film since \"The Misfits\", released in 1961.", "Death of Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ She had spent 1961 preoccupied with her various health problems, and in April 1962 had begun filming \"Something's Got to Give\" for 20th Century Fox, but was fired in early June.", "Marilyn Monroe's pink dress __knowledge__ Marilyn Monroe wore a shocking pink dress in the 1953 film \"Gentleman Prefer Blondes\", directed by Howard Hawks.", "Marilyn Monroe's pink dress __knowledge__ The dress was created by costume designer William Travilla and was used in one of the most famous scenes of the film, which subsequently became the subject of numerous imitations, significantly from Madonna in the music video for her song \"Material Girl\".", "Marilyn Monroe's pink dress __knowledge__ When the costume designer William Travilla, known simply as Travilla, began working with Marilyn Monroe, he had already won an Oscar for his work in \"Adventures of Don Juan\" in 1948.", "Marilyn Monroe's pink dress __knowledge__ Travilla designed the clothes of the actress in eight films, and later claimed to have had a brief affair with Monroe.", "Marilyn Monroe (Nicki Minaj song) __knowledge__ \"Marilyn Monroe\" is a song by American rapper and singer Nicki Minaj.", "Marilyn Monroe (Nicki Minaj song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Minaj, Daniel James, Leah Haywood, Ross Golan and J.R. Rotem, while production was handled by J.R. Rotem and Dreamlab.", "Marilyn Monroe (Nicki Minaj song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Marilyn Monroe\" is an introspective mid-tempo ballad that contains an upbeat piano, synth beats, and features influences of bubblegum pop.", "Marilyn Monroe (Nicki Minaj song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song alludes to oneself questioning the status of their relationship.", "Marilyn Monroe (Nicki Minaj song) __knowledge__ The song makes frequent references to pop icon Marilyn Monroe, with many of her quotes woven into the song.", "Marilyn Monroe (Nicki Minaj song) __knowledge__ \"Marilyn Monroe\" was generally well received by music critics, with some noting its crossover potential, while others felt like the song was too similar to other artists.", "My Week with Marilyn __knowledge__ My Week with Marilyn is a 2011 drama film directed by Simon Curtis and written by Adrian Hodges.", "My Week with Marilyn __knowledge__ It stars Michelle Williams, Kenneth Branagh, Eddie Redmayne, Dominic Cooper, Julia Ormond, Emma Watson, and Judi Dench.", "My Week with Marilyn __knowledge__ Based on two books by Colin Clark, it depicts the making of the 1957 film \"The Prince and the Showgirl\", which starred Marilyn Monroe (Williams) and Laurence Olivier (Branagh).", "My Week with Marilyn __knowledge__ The film focuses on the week during the shooting of the 1957 film when Monroe was escorted around London by Colin (Redmayne), after her husband Arthur Miller (Dougray Scott) had returned to the United States.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962) was an American actress, model and singer.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Famous for playing comic \"blonde bombshell\" characters, she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s and was emblematic of the era's attitudes towards sexuality.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Although she was a top-billed actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ More than half a century later, she continues to be considered a major popular culture icon.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Born and raised in Los Angeles, Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes and an orphanage and married at the age of sixteen.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ Jayne Mansfield (born Vera Jayne Palmer; April 19, 1933 – June 29, 1967) was an American film, theater, and television actress.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ She was also a nightclub entertainer, a singer, and one of the early \"Playboy\" Playmates.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ She was a major Hollywood sex symbol during the 1950s and early 1960s, while under contract at 20th Century Fox.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ She was also known for her well-publicized personal life and publicity stunts, such as wardrobe malfunctions.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ Although Mansfield's film career was short-lived, she had several box-office successes and won a Theatre World Award and a Golden Globe.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ She enjoyed success in the role of fictional actress Rita Marlowe, both in the 1955–1956 Broadway version and the 1957 Hollywood film version of \"Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?\"", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ George Orson Welles (; May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ He is remembered for his innovative work in all three: in theatre, most notably \"Caesar\" (1937), a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"Julius Caesar\"; in radio, the legendary 1938 broadcast \"The War of the Worlds\"; and in film, \"Citizen Kane\" (1941), consistently ranked as one of the greatest films ever made.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ In his 20s, Welles directed a number of high-profile stage productions for the Federal Theatre Project, including an adaptation of \"Macbeth\" with an entirely African American cast, and the political musical \"The Cradle Will Rock\".", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In the 1946 film \"Gilda\", Rita Hayworth wore a black dress made by American costume designer Jean Louis.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ It was used in one of the most famous scenes of the film: one in which the character of Gilda sings the song \"Put the Blame on Mame\", improvising a quick striptease, choreographed by Jack Cole.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The dress has helped consolidate the image of the \"femme fatale\", as well as being universally recognized as an icon of fashion and cinema.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ \"The Independent\" named it as one of the Ten Best Fashion Moments in Film.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Jean Louis, Columbia Pictures costume designer, collaborated with the actress Rita Hayworth in nine films from the 1945 until 1959.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ Only Angels Have Wings is a 1939 American drama film directed by Howard Hawks, and starring Cary Grant and Jean Arthur, based on a story written by Hawks.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ The film also marked the first significant role in a major film for Rita Hayworth.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ It is generally regarded as being among Hawks' finest films, particularly in its portrayal of the professionalism of the pilots of the film, its atmosphere, and the flying sequences.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ The supporting cast features Thomas Mitchell and Richard Barthelmess.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ \"Only Angels Have Wings\" was based on a number of real incidents witnessed by Hawks, and although \"Air Mail\" (1932), \"Night Flight\" (1933), \"Ceiling Zero\" (1936, also directed by Hawks) and \"Flight From Glory\" (1937) have similar stories, they are not related.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Gwyllyn Samuel Newton \"Glenn\" Ford (May 1, 1916 – August 30, 2006) was a Canadian-born actor who held dual Canadian and American citizenship.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ His career lasted more than 50 years.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Although he played many different roles, Ford was best known for playing ordinary men in unusual circumstances.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ He was most prominent during Hollywood's Golden Age.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Gwyllyn Samuel Newton Ford was born on May 1, 1916 in Sainte-Christine-d'Auvergne, Quebec, the son of Hannah Wood (\"née\" Mitchell) and Newton Ford, an engineer with the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Through his father, Ford was a great-nephew of Canada's first Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald, and also related to U.S. President Martin Van Buren.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ Prince Ali Salman Aga Khan (13 June 1911 – 12 May 1960), known as Aly Khan, was a son of Sultan Mahommed Shah, Aga Khan III, the leader of the Nizārī Ismā'īlī Muslims, a sect of Shia Islam, and the father of Aga Khan IV.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ A socialite, racehorse owner and jockey, he was the third husband of actress Rita Hayworth.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ After being passed over for succession as Aga Khan, he served as the Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations, where he became a vice president of the General Assembly.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ His first name was typically spelled \"Aly\" in the press.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ The titles of prince and princess, which are claimed by children of the Aga Khan by virtue of their descent from the Qajar king Fath Ali Shah of the Persian Qajar dynasty, were recognized as courtesy titles by the British government in 1938.", "Gilda __knowledge__ Gilda is a 1946 American film noir directed by Charles Vidor and starring Rita Hayworth in her signature role as the ultimate \"femme fatale\" and Glenn Ford as a young thug.", "Gilda __knowledge__ The film was noted for cinematographer Rudolph Maté's lush photography, costume designer Jean Louis's wardrobe for Hayworth (particularly for the dance numbers), and choreographer Jack Cole's staging of \"Put the Blame on Mame\" and \"Amado Mio\", sung by Anita Ellis.", "Gilda __knowledge__ In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "Rihanna __knowledge__ Robyn Rihanna Fenty (; February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Rihanna __knowledge__ Born in Saint Michael, Barbados and raised in Bridgetown, during 2003 she recorded demo tapes under the direction of record producer Evan Rogers and signed a recording contract with Def Jam Recordings after auditioning for its then-president, hip hop producer and rapper Jay Z.", "Rihanna __knowledge__ In 2005, Rihanna rose to fame with the release of her debut studio album \"Music of the Sun\" and its follow-up \"A Girl like Me\" (2006), which charted on the top 10 of the US \"Billboard\" 200 and respectively produced the singles \"Pon de Replay\" and \"SOS\".", "Whitney Houston __knowledge__ Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American singer, actress, producer, and model.", "Whitney Houston __knowledge__ In 2009, \"Guinness World Records\" cited her as the most awarded female act of all time.", "Whitney Houston __knowledge__ Houston is one of the best-selling music artists of all-time, with 200 million records sold worldwide.", "Whitney Houston __knowledge__ She released seven studio albums and two soundtrack albums, all of which have diamond, multi-platinum, platinum, or gold certification.", "Whitney Houston __knowledge__ Houston's crossover appeal on the popular music charts, as well as her prominence on MTV, starting with her video for \"How Will I Know\", influenced several African American women artists who follow in her footsteps.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Madonna Louise Ciccone (; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Referred to as the \"Queen of Pop\" since the 1980s, Madonna is known for pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music, as well as visual imagery in music videos and on stage.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ She has also frequently reinvented both her music and image while maintaining autonomy within the recording industry.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Besides sparking controversy, her works have been praised by music critics.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Madonna is often cited as an influence by other artists.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Born and raised in Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1978 to pursue a career in modern dance.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, actor, and director.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He was known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ His innovative music integrated a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Prince (musician) __knowledge__ He won eight Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the 1984 film \"Purple Rain\".", "Donna Summer __knowledge__ LaDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948May 17, 2012), widely known by her stage name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter, and painter.", "Donna Summer __knowledge__ She gained prominence during the disco era of the late 1970s.", "Donna Summer __knowledge__ A five-time Grammy Award winner, Summer was the first artist to have three consecutive double albums reach No.", "Donna Summer __knowledge__ 1 on the United States \"Billboard\" 200 chart and charted four number-one singles in the U.S. within a 12-month period.", "Donna Summer __knowledge__ Summer has reportedly sold over 140 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling artists of all time.", "Donna Summer __knowledge__ She also charted two number-one singles on the R&B charts in the U.S. and a number-one in the U.K. Summer earned a total of 32 hit singles on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in her lifetime, with 14 of those reaching the top ten.", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1969 or 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress.", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ After signing to Columbia Records, she released her debut album, \"Mariah Carey\" (1990), which spawned four number-one singles on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart: \"Vision of Love\", \"Love Takes Time\", \"Someday\", and \"I Don't Wanna Cry\".", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ Following her marriage to Sony Music head Tommy Mottola, Carey became the label's highest-selling act with the albums \"Music Box\" (1993), \"Merry Christmas\" (1994), and \"Daydream\" (1995).", "Mariah Carey __knowledge__ These albums spawned a string of successful singles including the international number-one \"Without You\", holiday track \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", and \"One Sweet Day\", which became the longest-running U.S. number-one single in history with a total of 16 weeks.", "Marilyn Monroe's pink dress __knowledge__ Marilyn Monroe wore a shocking pink dress in the 1953 film \"Gentleman Prefer Blondes\", directed by Howard Hawks.", "Marilyn Monroe's pink dress __knowledge__ The dress was created by costume designer William Travilla and was used in one of the most famous scenes of the film, which subsequently became the subject of numerous imitations, significantly from Madonna in the music video for her song \"Material Girl\".", "Marilyn Monroe's pink dress __knowledge__ When the costume designer William Travilla, known simply as Travilla, began working with Marilyn Monroe, he had already won an Oscar for his work in \"Adventures of Don Juan\" in 1948.", "Marilyn Monroe's pink dress __knowledge__ Travilla designed the clothes of the actress in eight films, and later claimed to have had a brief affair with Monroe.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962) was an American actress, model and singer.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Famous for playing comic \"blonde bombshell\" characters, she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s and was emblematic of the era's attitudes towards sexuality.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Although she was a top-billed actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ More than half a century later, she continues to be considered a major popular culture icon.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Born and raised in Los Angeles, Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes and an orphanage and married at the age of sixteen.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ Jayne Mansfield (born Vera Jayne Palmer; April 19, 1933 – June 29, 1967) was an American film, theater, and television actress.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ She was also a nightclub entertainer, a singer, and one of the early \"Playboy\" Playmates.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ She was a major Hollywood sex symbol during the 1950s and early 1960s, while under contract at 20th Century Fox.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ She was also known for her well-publicized personal life and publicity stunts, such as wardrobe malfunctions.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ Although Mansfield's film career was short-lived, she had several box-office successes and won a Theatre World Award and a Golden Globe.", "Jayne Mansfield __knowledge__ She enjoyed success in the role of fictional actress Rita Marlowe, both in the 1955–1956 Broadway version and the 1957 Hollywood film version of \"Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?\"", "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film) __knowledge__ Gentlemen Prefer Blondes is a 1953 American musical comedy film of the 1949 stage musical, released by 20th Century Fox, directed by Howard Hawks, and starring Jane Russell and Marilyn Monroe with Charles Coburn, Elliott Reid, Tommy Noonan, George Winslow, Taylor Holmes and Norma Varden in supporting roles.", "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay by Charles Lederer was based on the 1949 Broadway musical of the same name, directed by John C. Wilson, with Carol Channing as Lorelei Lee, which was written by Anita Loos and Joseph Fields.", "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film) __knowledge__ The stage musical was based on \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes: The Intimate Diary of a Professional Lady\", a 1925 novel by Loos.", "Material Girl __knowledge__ \"Material Girl\" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her second studio album \"Like a Virgin\" (1984).", "Material Girl __knowledge__ It was released on January 23, 1985, by the Sire label as the second single from \"Like a Virgin\".", "Material Girl __knowledge__ It also appears slightly remixed on the 1990 greatest hits compilation, \"The Immaculate Collection\", and in its original form on the 2009 greatest hits compilation, \"Celebration\".", "Material Girl __knowledge__ The song was written by Peter Brown and Robert Rans, while Nile Rodgers produced the track.", "Material Girl __knowledge__ Madonna explained that the concept of the song was indicative of her life at that time.", "Material Girl __knowledge__ She felt that \"Material Girl\" was provocative in its content and was attracted to it.", "Anita Loos __knowledge__ Anita Loos (April 26, 1889 – August 18, 1981) was an American screenwriter, playwright and author, best known for her blockbuster comic novel, \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\".", "Anita Loos __knowledge__ She wrote film scripts from 1912, and became arguably the first-ever staff scriptwriter, when D.W. Griffith put her on the payroll at Triangle Film Corporation.", "Anita Loos __knowledge__ She went on to write many of the Douglas Fairbanks films, as well as the stage adaptation of Colette’s \"Gigi\".", "Anita Loos __knowledge__ Anita Loos was born Corinne Anita Loos in Sisson, California (today Mount Shasta), to Richard Beers Loos and Minnie Ellen Smith.", "Anita Loos __knowledge__ Loos had two siblings: Gladys and Clifford (Harry Clifford), a physician and co-founder of the Ross-Loos Medical Group.", "Shades of pink __knowledge__ This article is about notable tints and shades of the color pink.", "Shades of pink __knowledge__ These various colors are shown below.", "Shades of pink __knowledge__ At right is displayed the web color pink.", "Shades of pink __knowledge__ At right is displayed the web color light pink.", "Shades of pink __knowledge__ The name of the web color is written as \"lightpink\" (no space) in HTML for computer display.", "Shades of pink __knowledge__ Although this color is called \"light pink\", as can be ascertained by inspecting its hex code, it is actually a slightly deeper, not a lighter, tint of pink than the color pink itself.", "Shades of pink __knowledge__ A more accurate name for it in terms of traditional color nomenclature would therefore be \"medium light pink\".", "Shades of pink __knowledge__ At right is displayed the web color hot pink." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers.", "Feel Good Film Festival __knowledge__ The Feel Good Film Festival (FGFF), also known as the Sunflower Film Festival, is held annually in Hollywood, California.", "Feel Good Film Festival __knowledge__ The Festival is the largest of its kind showcasing American, international, independent, and family-friendly films from all around the world that leave the audience feeling good.", "Feel Good Film Festival __knowledge__ The FGFF is a three-day annual event held in August showcasing 60–70 feel-good feature films, short films, screenplays, and student films.", "Feel Good Film Festival __knowledge__ Kristen Flores, FGFF Founder and Festival Director, established the Feel Good Film Festival.", "Feel Good Film Festival __knowledge__ The Feel Good Film Festival began in Hollywood August 22–24, 2008, with the goal of showcasing upbeat, happy ending films.", "Nil Battey Sannata __knowledge__ Nil Battey Sannata (\"Zero Divided by Zero Equals Nothing\"; slang for \"Good For Nothing\"), released internationally as The New Classmate, is a 2016 Indian comedy drama film directed by Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari in her feature debut.", "Nil Battey Sannata __knowledge__ Produced by Anand Rai, Ajay Rai, and Alan McAlex under the banners of Colour Yellow Productions and JAR Pictures, the film was co-written by Iyer, Neeraj Singh, Pranjal Choudhary, and Nitesh Tiwari.", "Nil Battey Sannata __knowledge__ Swara Bhaskar starred as Chanda Sahay, a high-school drop-out household maid and single mother of a sullen young girl named Apeksha, played by Ria Shukla.", "Nil Battey Sannata __knowledge__ The film's theme is a person's right to dream and change their lives, irrespective of social status.", "Jean Rollin __knowledge__ Jean Michel Rollin Roth Le Gentil (3 November 193815 December 2010) was a French film director, actor, and novelist best known for his work in the fantastique genre.", "Jean Rollin __knowledge__ His career, spanning over fifty years, featured early short films and his achievements with his first four vampire classics \"Le viol du vampire\" (1968), \"La vampire nue\" (1970), \"Le frisson des vampires\" (1970), and \"Requiem pour un vampire\" (1971).", "Jean Rollin __knowledge__ Rollin's subsequent notable works include \"La rose de fer\" (1973), \"Lèvres de sang\" (1975), \"Les raisins de la mort\" (1978), \"Fascination\" (1979), and \"La morte vivante\" (1982).", "Jean Rollin __knowledge__ His films are noted for their exquisite, if mostly static, cinematography, off-kilter plot progression and poetic dialogue, their playful surrealism and recurrent use of well-constructed female lead characters.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ Suraiya Jamaal Sheikh (15 June 1929 – 31 January 2004), popularly known as Suraiya, was an Indian Punjabi Muslim Hindi/Hindustani film actress and playback singer in Bollywood from the 1940s to the early 1960s, who remained unmarried throughout her life, after her love affair with actor Dev Anand was aborted by her maternal grandmother.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ She was the most popular singing star of the Indian sub-continent of her generation.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ Until 1943, as a child singer, Suraiya did playback singing for one actress, namely Mehtab, in three films, and also in some of her own films for her roles as a child artiste.", "Suraiya __knowledge__ After this, she only sang for her own films as an actress, and acted as a heroine from 1946 until the end of her career in 1963.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor, filmmaker, musician, and political figure.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ After achieving success in the Western TV series \"Rawhide\", he rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's \"Dollars\" Trilogy of Spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s, and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five \"Dirty Harry\" films throughout the 1970s and 1980s.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ These roles, among others, have made Eastwood an enduring cultural icon of masculinity.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ For his work in the Western film \"Unforgiven\" (1992) and the sports drama \"Million Dollar Baby\" (2004), Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture, as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor.", "Kristen Flores __knowledge__ Kristen Ridgway Flores is Founder and CEO of The Feel Good Film Festival in Hollywood, California and an American actress, set designer, production designer, and film producer.", "Kristen Flores __knowledge__ Ms. Flores received her early theatre and acting training in Seattle, Washington, where she participated in numerous theatrical productions including “Helen Keller”, “Guys and Dolls”, “South Pacific“, “Narnia”, and “Little Mary Sunshine”.", "Kristen Flores __knowledge__ She continued her theatrical and acting studies in Santa Barbara, California at the “Westmont College Theatre Arts Department” where she received her theatre and communications degrees.", "Kaaka Muttai __knowledge__ Kaaka Muttai (English: \"Crow Eggs\") is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language comedy-drama film written, directed and filmed by M. Manikandan.", "Kaaka Muttai __knowledge__ Jointly produced by Dhanush and Vetrimaaran and distributed by Fox Star Studios, it features newcomers, Vignesh and Ramesh, in the lead roles alongside Iyshwarya Rajesh.", "Kaaka Muttai __knowledge__ And has music composed by G V Prakash Kumar.", "Kaaka Muttai __knowledge__ The film was remade in Marathi as \"Half Ticket\" directed by Samit Kakkad.", "Kaaka Muttai __knowledge__ \"Kaaka Muttai\"'s story revolves around two slum children of Chennai, Tamil Nadu whose desire is to taste a pizza.", "Kaaka Muttai __knowledge__ The film had its world premiere on 5 September 2014 at the 39th Toronto International Film Festival, and was released worldwide on 5 June 2015, and received widespread acclaim for its story and cast performances.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In the 1946 film \"Gilda\", Rita Hayworth wore a black dress made by American costume designer Jean Louis.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ It was used in one of the most famous scenes of the film: one in which the character of Gilda sings the song \"Put the Blame on Mame\", improvising a quick striptease, choreographed by Jack Cole.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The dress has helped consolidate the image of the \"femme fatale\", as well as being universally recognized as an icon of fashion and cinema.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ \"The Independent\" named it as one of the Ten Best Fashion Moments in Film.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Jean Louis, Columbia Pictures costume designer, collaborated with the actress Rita Hayworth in nine films from the 1945 until 1959.", "Gilda __knowledge__ Gilda is a 1946 American film noir directed by Charles Vidor and starring Rita Hayworth in her signature role as the ultimate \"femme fatale\" and Glenn Ford as a young thug.", "Gilda __knowledge__ The film was noted for cinematographer Rudolph Maté's lush photography, costume designer Jean Louis's wardrobe for Hayworth (particularly for the dance numbers), and choreographer Jack Cole's staging of \"Put the Blame on Mame\" and \"Amado Mio\", sung by Anita Ellis.", "Gilda __knowledge__ In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\".", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Gwyllyn Samuel Newton \"Glenn\" Ford (May 1, 1916 – August 30, 2006) was a Canadian-born actor who held dual Canadian and American citizenship.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ His career lasted more than 50 years.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Although he played many different roles, Ford was best known for playing ordinary men in unusual circumstances.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ He was most prominent during Hollywood's Golden Age.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Gwyllyn Samuel Newton Ford was born on May 1, 1916 in Sainte-Christine-d'Auvergne, Quebec, the son of Hannah Wood (\"née\" Mitchell) and Newton Ford, an engineer with the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Through his father, Ford was a great-nephew of Canada's first Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald, and also related to U.S. President Martin Van Buren.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ George Orson Welles (; May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ He is remembered for his innovative work in all three: in theatre, most notably \"Caesar\" (1937), a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"Julius Caesar\"; in radio, the legendary 1938 broadcast \"The War of the Worlds\"; and in film, \"Citizen Kane\" (1941), consistently ranked as one of the greatest films ever made.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ In his 20s, Welles directed a number of high-profile stage productions for the Federal Theatre Project, including an adaptation of \"Macbeth\" with an entirely African American cast, and the political musical \"The Cradle Will Rock\".", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont, based on the 1982 Stephen King novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\".", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ It tells the story of banker Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), who is sentenced to life in Shawshank State Penitentiary for the murder of his wife and her lover, despite his claims of innocence.", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ Over the following two decades, he befriends a fellow prisoner, contraband smuggler Ellis \"Red\" Redding (Morgan Freeman), and becomes instrumental in a money laundering operation led by the prison warden Samuel Norton (Bob Gunton).", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ William Sadler, Clancy Brown, Gil Bellows, and James Whitmore appear in supporting roles.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ Only Angels Have Wings is a 1939 American drama film directed by Howard Hawks, and starring Cary Grant and Jean Arthur, based on a story written by Hawks.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ The film also marked the first significant role in a major film for Rita Hayworth.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ It is generally regarded as being among Hawks' finest films, particularly in its portrayal of the professionalism of the pilots of the film, its atmosphere, and the flying sequences.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ The supporting cast features Thomas Mitchell and Richard Barthelmess.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ \"Only Angels Have Wings\" was based on a number of real incidents witnessed by Hawks, and although \"Air Mail\" (1932), \"Night Flight\" (1933), \"Ceiling Zero\" (1936, also directed by Hawks) and \"Flight From Glory\" (1937) have similar stories, they are not related." ] ]

[ 1, 23, 5, 47 ]

[ "I've always been amazed at Rita Hayworth's rise to fame during the 1940s.", "I remember Marilyn's Monroe's shocking pink dress in the 1953 movie, \"Gentleman Prefer Blondes.\"", "I haven't seen that one. Rita Hayworth starred in \"Gilda.\" Talk about brilliance.", "Glen Ford played the young thug opposite of her." ]

[ "Rita Hayworth", "Rita Hayworth", "Rita Hayworth", "Rita Hayworth" ]

[ "Woodstock\nmy parents met at Woodstock 37 years ago!", "Yes it is! I don't really know much about it either", "Wow! 400 000 people! That was a huge event!", "I bet it was so much fun", "Me too! Maybe somebody will make an event like this again" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Woodstock __knowledge__ The Woodstock Music & Art Fair—informally, the Woodstock Festival or simply Woodstock— was a music festival in the United States in 1969 which attracted an audience of over 400,000.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ Scheduled for August 15–17 on a dairy farm in the Catskill Mountains of southern New York State, northwest of New York City, it ran over to Monday, Billed as \"An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music\", it was held at Max Yasgur's dairy farm near the hamlet of White Lake in the town of Bethel.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ In Sullivan County, Bethel is southwest of the town of Woodstock in adjoining Ulster County.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ During the sometimes rainy weekend, 32 acts performed outdoors before an audience of more than 400,000 people.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ It is widely regarded as a pivotal moment in popular music history, as well as the definitive nexus for the larger counterculture generation.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" listed it as one of the \"50 Moments That Changed the History of Rock and Roll\".", "Woodstock __knowledge__ The event was captured in the Academy Award-winning 1970 documentary movie \"Woodstock\", an accompanying , and Joni Mitchell's song \"Woodstock\", which commemorated the event and became a major hit for both Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Matthews Southern Comfort.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ Joni Mitchell said, “Woodstock was a spark of beauty” where half-a-million kids “saw that they were part of a greater organism.” In 2017, the festival site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Woodstock, Ontario __knowledge__ Woodstock is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada.", "Woodstock, Ontario __knowledge__ The city has a population of 40,902 according to the 2016 Canadian census.", "Woodstock, Ontario __knowledge__ Woodstock is the seat of Oxford County, at the head of the non-navigable Thames River, approximately 128 km from Toronto, and 43 km from London, Ontario.", "Woodstock, Ontario __knowledge__ The city is known as the Dairy Capital of Canada and promotes itself as \"The Friendly City\".", "Woodstock, Ontario __knowledge__ Woodstock was first settled by European-colonists and United Empire Loyalists in 1800, starting with Zacharias Burtch and Levi Luddington, and was incorporated as a town in 1851.", "Woodstock, Ontario __knowledge__ Since then, Woodstock has maintained steady growth, and is now one of the largest cities in Southwestern Ontario.", "Woodstock, Illinois __knowledge__ Woodstock is a city in and the county seat of McHenry County, Illinois, United States, located northwest of Chicago.", "Woodstock, Illinois __knowledge__ The population was 25,528 at the start of 2017.", "Woodstock, Illinois __knowledge__ The city's downtown includes a historic, turn-of-the-century town square, which is anchored by the landmark Woodstock Opera House and the Old McHenry County Courthouse.", "Woodstock, Illinois __knowledge__ The city was named one of the nation's Dozen Distinctive Destinations in 2007 by the National Trust for Historic Preservation.", "Woodstock, Illinois __knowledge__ The fictional town of Hawkins Falls, of the 1950s television soap opera \"Hawkins Falls, Population 6200\", was patterned after Woodstock, Illinois.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The recent African origin of modern humans, also called the \"Out of Africa\" theory (OOA), recent single-origin hypothesis (RSOH), replacement hypothesis, or recent African origin model (RAO), is, in paleoanthropology, the dominant model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\").", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The model proposes a single area of origin for modern humans.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The \"single-origin hypothesis\" is cited as having scientific consensus as of the mid-2000s.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ According to this model, modern humans evolved in East Africa between 400,000 and 200,000 years ago.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ There were then at least two dispersal events from Africa to the rest of the world.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The earliest migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the migration out of Africa of \"Homo erectus\", followed by other archaic humans including \"H. heidelbergensis\", the likely ancestor of both anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals, around 500,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ Within Africa, \"Homo sapiens\" diverged around the time of its speciation, roughly 300,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The \"recent African origin\" paradigm suggests that the anatomically modern humans outside of Africa descend from a population of \"Homo sapiens\" migrating from East Africa after roughly 70,000 years ago and spread along the southern coast of Asia and to Oceania before 50,000 years ago.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Volcanology of Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes, and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ It has a very complex volcanological history spanning from the Precambrian eon at least 3.11 billion years ago when this part of the North American continent began to form.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Although the country's volcanic activity dates back to the Precambrian eon, volcanism continues to occur in Western and Northern Canada where it forms part of an encircling chain of volcanoes and frequent earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean called the Pacific Ring of Fire." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Woodstock __knowledge__ The Woodstock Music & Art Fair—informally, the Woodstock Festival or simply Woodstock— was a music festival in the United States in 1969 which attracted an audience of over 400,000.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ Scheduled for August 15–17 on a dairy farm in the Catskill Mountains of southern New York State, northwest of New York City, it ran over to Monday, Billed as \"An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music\", it was held at Max Yasgur's dairy farm near the hamlet of White Lake in the town of Bethel.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ In Sullivan County, Bethel is southwest of the town of Woodstock in adjoining Ulster County.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ During the sometimes rainy weekend, 32 acts performed outdoors before an audience of more than 400,000 people.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ It is widely regarded as a pivotal moment in popular music history, as well as the definitive nexus for the larger counterculture generation.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" listed it as one of the \"50 Moments That Changed the History of Rock and Roll\".", "Woodstock __knowledge__ The event was captured in the Academy Award-winning 1970 documentary movie \"Woodstock\", an accompanying , and Joni Mitchell's song \"Woodstock\", which commemorated the event and became a major hit for both Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Matthews Southern Comfort.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ Joni Mitchell said, “Woodstock was a spark of beauty” where half-a-million kids “saw that they were part of a greater organism.” In 2017, the festival site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Ben Weston (Days of Our Lives) __knowledge__ Ben Weston, also known as Ben Rogers, is a fictional character from \"Days of Our Lives\", an American soap opera on the NBC network, currently portrayed by Robert Scott Wilson.", "Ben Weston (Days of Our Lives) __knowledge__ Created by head writers Gary Tomlin and Christopher Whitesell, the character was introduced by co-executive producers Lisa de Cazotte and Greg Meng in February 2014 as the estranged brother of Jordan Ridgeway (Chrishell Stause).", "Ben Weston (Days of Our Lives) __knowledge__ Actor Justin Gaston originated the role and was quickly replaced by Wilson in April 2014.", "Ben Weston (Days of Our Lives) __knowledge__ Ben's arrival upsets Jordan's new life in Salem.", "Ben Weston (Days of Our Lives) __knowledge__ The character's most significant storylines include his romance with Abigail Deveraux (Kate Mansi), trying to live down his secret past threatened by the arrival of his abusive father Clyde Weston (James Read), and his feud with Chad DiMera (Billy Flynn).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records in the United States on May 25, 2011, as a promotional single.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ Serving as the opening track on \"4\", it was written and produced by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart .", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" was originally titled \"Nothing But Love\" and by Corey-Jackson Carter & The-Dream & he had initially planned to include it on his second studio album, \"Love vs. Money\" (2009).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ A down-tempo contemporary R&B and soul music power ballad, \"1+1\" Beyoncé expressing her endless love to her soul mate; the lyrics make strong statements about the power of the relationship.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Charm School with Ricki Lake is the third and final season of the VH1 reality television series \"Charm School\".", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Fourteen contestants from \"Rock of Love Bus with Bret Michaels\" and \"Real Chance of Love\" must change their old ways and learn improvement through acts of charity work.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Ricki Lake is the headmistress of the Charm School, and is assisted by deans Alani \"La La\" Vazquez and Stryker.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Ebony Jones (Risky) was ultimately named Charm School Queen and was awarded the $100,000.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ \"First Aired May 11, 2009 This season of \"Charm School\" opens with fourteen women from \"Rock of Love Bus\" and \"Real Chance of Love\" on a bus traveling to meet their headmistress, Ricki Lake.", "House of Yes (Brooklyn) __knowledge__ House of Yes is a creative collective and nightlife performance space located in Bushwick, Brooklyn, that fuses dance culture, theatre, music, food, technology and community.", "House of Yes (Brooklyn) __knowledge__ Now in its third incarnation, the current space is open to the public during events and shows and focuses on programming that offers audience interaction and innovation in circus entertainment.", "House of Yes (Brooklyn) __knowledge__ House of Yes uses a variety of mediums to create nightlife-friendly interactive experiences for its patrons and is known for its glitter station, hot tub, open dancing platforms and activity stations that are based on the theme of the particular party.", "Aldine High School __knowledge__ Aldine Senior High School is a public high school located in the Greenspoint district of northern Houston, Texas, United States.", "Aldine High School __knowledge__ It is part of the Aldine Independent School District.", "Aldine High School __knowledge__ The senior high school campus serves grades 10 through 12 (although a few ninth grade students attend select classes at Aldine High).", "Aldine High School __knowledge__ The separate Aldine Ninth Grade School hosts students in grade 9.", "Aldine High School __knowledge__ Aldine Senior High is located at 11101 Airline Drive, at the intersection of Airline and West Road.", "Aldine High School __knowledge__ Its 2012-2013 attendance boundaries are bordered by the Sam Houston Tollway on the north, the Hardy Toll Road on the east and Veterans Memorial Drive for the majority of the western edge.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Hippie __knowledge__ A hippie (sometimes spelled hippy) is a member of a counterculture, originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world.", "Hippie __knowledge__ The word \"hippie\" came from \"hipster\" and used to describe beatniks who moved into New York City's Greenwich Village and San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district.", "Hippie __knowledge__ The term \"hippie\" first found popularity in San Francisco by Herb Caen, a journalist for the \"San Francisco Chronicle\".", "Hippie __knowledge__ The origins of the terms \"hip\" and \"hep\" are uncertain.", "Hippie __knowledge__ By the 1940s, both had become part of African American jive slang and meant \"sophisticated; currently fashionable; fully up-to-date\".", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Graeham Goble __knowledge__ Graeham George Goble (born 15 May 1947) is an Australian musician, singer/songwriter and record producer, best known as a founding member of Australian rock group Little River Band (LRB).", "Graeham Goble __knowledge__ As a performer, Goble was responsible for the vocal arrangements and high harmonies on eleven studio albums and numerous Top 10 singles with LRB.", "Graeham Goble __knowledge__ As a songwriter he penned songs like \"Reminiscing\", \"Lady\", \"Take It Easy on Me\" and \"The Other Guy\" each played millions of times on radio.", "Graeham Goble __knowledge__ As a producer, Goble's credits include John Farnham's \"Uncovered\" album in 1980 and his own catalog of recordings.", "Graeham Goble __knowledge__ Goble is a keen student of concepts such as spirituality; he changed his first name from Graham to Graeham as a consequence of his interest in numerology and feng shui.", "History of the hippie movement __knowledge__ The hippie subculture began its development as a youth movement in San Francisco during the early 1960s and then developed around the world.", "History of the hippie movement __knowledge__ Its origins may be traced to European social movements in the 19th and early 20th century such as Bohemians, and the influence of Eastern religion and spirituality.", "History of the hippie movement __knowledge__ From around 1967, its fundamental ethos — including harmony with nature, communal living, artistic experimentation particularly in music, and the widespread use of recreational drugs — spread around the world during the counterculture of the 1960s, which has become closely associated with the subculture." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Woodstock __knowledge__ The Woodstock Music & Art Fair—informally, the Woodstock Festival or simply Woodstock— was a music festival in the United States in 1969 which attracted an audience of over 400,000.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ Scheduled for August 15–17 on a dairy farm in the Catskill Mountains of southern New York State, northwest of New York City, it ran over to Monday, Billed as \"An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music\", it was held at Max Yasgur's dairy farm near the hamlet of White Lake in the town of Bethel.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ In Sullivan County, Bethel is southwest of the town of Woodstock in adjoining Ulster County.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ During the sometimes rainy weekend, 32 acts performed outdoors before an audience of more than 400,000 people.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ It is widely regarded as a pivotal moment in popular music history, as well as the definitive nexus for the larger counterculture generation.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" listed it as one of the \"50 Moments That Changed the History of Rock and Roll\".", "Woodstock __knowledge__ The event was captured in the Academy Award-winning 1970 documentary movie \"Woodstock\", an accompanying , and Joni Mitchell's song \"Woodstock\", which commemorated the event and became a major hit for both Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Matthews Southern Comfort.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ Joni Mitchell said, “Woodstock was a spark of beauty” where half-a-million kids “saw that they were part of a greater organism.” In 2017, the festival site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The global storm activity of 2010 includes major meteorological events in the Earth's atmosphere during the year, including winter storms (blizzards, ice storms, European windstorms), hailstorms, out of season monsoon rain storms, extratropical cyclones, gales, microbursts, flooding, rainstorms, tropical cyclones, and other severe weather events.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The thunderstorm season for the Northern Hemisphere began near spring, beginning on March 1, and ending on August 31.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ Fresh overnight snowfall on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day caused disruption in north east England, with roads across Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Teesside affected.", "National Capital Area Council __knowledge__ The National Capital Area Council (NCAC) is a local council of the Boy Scouts of America within the Northeast Region that serves Washington, D.C., Maryland, Virginia, and the United States Virgin Islands.", "National Capital Area Council __knowledge__ The council offers extensive training, and administrative support to units.", "National Capital Area Council __knowledge__ It is rated as a \"Class 100\" council by the National Council (headquarters office), which denotes that the NCAC is among the very largest in the country.", "National Capital Area Council __knowledge__ Chartered in 1911, it is also one of the oldest.", "National Capital Area Council __knowledge__ The council is divided into 22 districts serving ten counties in Northern Virginia, six counties in Maryland, the District of Columbia, the US Virgin Islands, and BSA units throughout North and South America.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?)", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ is an American clothing brand and retailer.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ In addition to clothing for both men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, and shoes.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand and Paul, also Georges' brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, respectively.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand ran distribution.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess' signature style: stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer and more form-fitting than the competitors.", "Mansabdar __knowledge__ The Mansabdari system was the administrative system of the Mughal Empire introduced by Akbar.", "Mansabdar __knowledge__ The word mansab is of Arabic origin meaning rank or position.", "Mansabdar __knowledge__ The system, hence, determined the rank of a government official.", "Mansabdar __knowledge__ Every civil and military officer was given a ‘mansab’ and different numbers which could be increases by ten were used for ranking officers.", "Mansabdar __knowledge__ It was also meant for fixing the salaries and allowances of officers.", "Mansabdar __knowledge__ It was a system whereby nobles were granted the rights to hold a jagir, which meant revenue assignments (not land itself) for services rendered by them but the authority bestowed upon them was not unbridled but with the direct control of these nobles in the hands of the king.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ James Marshall \"Jimi\" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ Although his mainstream career spanned only four years, he is widely regarded as one of the most influential electric guitarists in the history of popular music, and one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as \"arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music\".", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ Born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at the age of 15.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ In 1961, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and trained as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division; he was granted an honorable discharge the following year.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The Guess Who are a Canadian rock band, formed in Winnipeg in 1965.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Initially gaining recognition in Canada, the group found international success from the late 1960s through the mid-1970s with many hit singles, including \"No Time\", \"American Woman\", \"Laughing\", \"These Eyes\", \"Undun\" and \"Share the Land\".", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The band have continued to perform and record to the present day; and at various times have included many well-known musicians, including Burton Cummings and Randy Bachman (of Bachman–Turner Overdrive).", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Formed as a garage rock band, their musical style encompassed the pop rock and psychedelic rock genres.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "History of Slovakia __knowledge__ This article discusses the history of the territory of Slovakia.", "History of Slovakia __knowledge__ Discovery of ancient tools made by the Clactonian technique near Nové Mesto nad Váhom attests that Slovakia's territory was inhabited in the Palaeolithic.", "History of Slovakia __knowledge__ Other prehistoric discoveries include the Middle Palaeolithic stone tools found near Bojnice, and a Neanderthal discovery at a site near Gánovce.", "History of Slovakia __knowledge__ The Gravettian culture was present principally in the river valleys of Nitra, Hron, Ipeľ, Váh and as far as the city of Žilina, and near the foot of the Vihorlat, Inovec, and Tribeč mountains, as well as in the Myjava Mountains.", "History of Slovakia __knowledge__ The best known artifact is the Venus of Moravany from Moravany nad Váhom.", "1975 Spring Offensive __knowledge__ The 1975 Spring Offensive () was the final North Vietnamese campaign in the Vietnam War that led to the capitulation of South Vietnam.", "1975 Spring Offensive __knowledge__ After the initial success capturing Phước Long Province, the North Vietnamese leadership increased the scope of the People's Army of Vietnam's (PAVN) offensive and captured and held the key Central Highlands city of Buôn Ma Thuột between March 10 and 18.", "1975 Spring Offensive __knowledge__ These operations were intended to be preparatory to launching a general offensive in 1976.", "1975 Spring Offensive __knowledge__ Following the attack on Ban Me Thout, the South Vietnamese realized they were no longer able to defend the entire country due to Congressional cutbacks in American aid and ordered a strategic withdrawal from the northern half of South Vietnam." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Woodstock __knowledge__ The Woodstock Music & Art Fair—informally, the Woodstock Festival or simply Woodstock— was a music festival in the United States in 1969 which attracted an audience of over 400,000.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ Scheduled for August 15–17 on a dairy farm in the Catskill Mountains of southern New York State, northwest of New York City, it ran over to Monday, Billed as \"An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music\", it was held at Max Yasgur's dairy farm near the hamlet of White Lake in the town of Bethel.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ In Sullivan County, Bethel is southwest of the town of Woodstock in adjoining Ulster County.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ During the sometimes rainy weekend, 32 acts performed outdoors before an audience of more than 400,000 people.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ It is widely regarded as a pivotal moment in popular music history, as well as the definitive nexus for the larger counterculture generation.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" listed it as one of the \"50 Moments That Changed the History of Rock and Roll\".", "Woodstock __knowledge__ The event was captured in the Academy Award-winning 1970 documentary movie \"Woodstock\", an accompanying , and Joni Mitchell's song \"Woodstock\", which commemorated the event and became a major hit for both Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Matthews Southern Comfort.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ Joni Mitchell said, “Woodstock was a spark of beauty” where half-a-million kids “saw that they were part of a greater organism.” In 2017, the festival site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Indian Blessing __knowledge__ Indian Blessing (foaled April 9, 2005, in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse who was the American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly in 2007 and Champion Female Sprint Horse in 2008.", "Indian Blessing __knowledge__ Indian Blessing was bred by and raced for Patti and Hal Earnhardt, who also raced both her sire, Indian Charlie, and dam, Shameful.", "Indian Blessing __knowledge__ Indian Charlie won the 1998 Santa Anita Derby and then finished third in the Kentucky Derby, his final start.", "Indian Blessing __knowledge__ Shameful was purchased on behalf of the Earnhardts for $50,000 and went on to win several races including the Pine Tree Lane Stakes.", "Indian Blessing __knowledge__ Trained by Bob Baffert, Indian Blessing went undefeated in three starts at age two in front running fashion.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "You Ain't Much Fun __knowledge__ \"You Ain't Much Fun\" is a song performed by American country music artist Toby Keith that peaked at #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.", "You Ain't Much Fun __knowledge__ It was released in March 1995 as the third single released from his second studio album, \"Boomtown.\"", "You Ain't Much Fun __knowledge__ It also peaked at #3 on the Canadian \"RPM\" country tracks.", "You Ain't Much Fun __knowledge__ Keith wrote the song with Carl Goff, Jr. Keith told The Boot that his co-writer, Carl Goff Junior \"came on the bus, and I was writing one night, and he was telling me some story about his wife.", "You Ain't Much Fun __knowledge__ He said, 'Me and my wife have been in a fight, and she said she was going to leave me if I didn't slow down, so I quit drinking.", "Roulette __knowledge__ Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning \"little wheel\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ In the game, players may choose to place bets on either a single number, various groupings of numbers, the colors red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the numbers are high (19–36) or low (1–18).", "Roulette __knowledge__ Interestingly, the sum of all the numbers on the roulette wheel (from 0 to 36) is 666, which is the \"Number of the Beast\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ One legend says that François Blanc made a deal with the devil to obtain the secrets of roulette.", "Roulette __knowledge__ To determine the winning number and color, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the opposite direction around a tilted circular track running around the circumference of the wheel.", "BET __knowledge__ Black Entertainment Television (BET, stylised as BET⭐️) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the BET Networks division of Viacom.", "BET __knowledge__ It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences, with approximately 88,255,000 American households (75.8% of households with television) receiving the channel.", "BET __knowledge__ The channel has offices in Washington, D.C., New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago.", "BET __knowledge__ Programming on the network consists of original and acquired television series and theatrically and direct-to-video-released films.", "BET __knowledge__ The network has also aired a variety of stand-up comedy, news, and current affairs programs, and formerly aired mainstream rap, hip-hop and R&B music videos; the latter of which now air on its branded sister networks.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ Biological bet hedging occurs when organisms suffer decreased fitness in their typical conditions in exchange for increased fitness in stressful conditions.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ Biological bet hedging was originally proposed to explain the observation of a seed bank, or a reservoir of ungerminated seeds in the soil.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ For example, an annual plant's fitness is maximized for that year if all of its seeds germinate.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ However, if a drought occurs that kills germinated plants, but not ungerminated seeds, plants with seeds remaining in the seed bank will have a fitness advantage.", "Bet hedging (biology) __knowledge__ Therefore, it can be advantageous for plants to \"hedge their bets\" in case of a drought by producing some seeds that germinate immediately and other seeds that lie dormant.", "Catskill Mountains __knowledge__ The Catskill Mountains, also known as the Catskills, are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains, located in southeastern New York.", "Catskill Mountains __knowledge__ As a cultural and geographic region, the Catskills are generally defined as those areas close to or within the borders of the Catskill Park, a forest preserve forever protected from many forms of development under New York state law.", "Catskill Mountains __knowledge__ Geologically, the Catskills are a mature dissected plateau, a once-flat region subsequently uplifted and eroded into sharp relief by watercourses.", "Catskill Mountains __knowledge__ The Catskills form the northeastern end of the Allegheny Plateau (also known as the Appalachian Plateau).", "Catskill Escarpment __knowledge__ The Catskill Escarpment, often referred to locally as just the Escarpment or the Great Wall of Manitou, and known as the Catskill Front to geologists, is the range forming the northeastern corner of the Catskill Mountains in Greene and Ulster counties in the U.S. state of New York.", "Catskill Escarpment __knowledge__ It rises very abruptly from the Hudson Valley to summits above in elevation, including three of the Catskill High Peaks, with almost no foothills.", "Catskill Escarpment __knowledge__ The plateau to the south and west averages above sea level.", "Catskill Escarpment __knowledge__ The Escarpment was the first area of the Catskills to attract the interest of European settlers.", "Catskill Escarpment __knowledge__ Botanist John Bartram wrote a widely read account of an expedition there prior to independence, and a century later the North-South Lake area he had visited became home to a number of exclusive resorts, including the Catskill Mountain House.", "Kensico Reservoir __knowledge__ The Kensico Reservoir is a reservoir located in the towns of Armonk (North Castle), Harrison and Valhalla (Mount Pleasant), New York.", "Kensico Reservoir __knowledge__ It was formed by the old earth and gravel dam, built in 1885, which impounded waters from the Bronx and Byram rivers, and supplied about 18 million gallons daily.", "Kensico Reservoir __knowledge__ The construction of a new masonry dam in 1915, replaced the old dam, and expanded the water supply by bringing water from the Catskill Mountains over a distance of more than 100 miles.", "Kensico Reservoir __knowledge__ It is about 3 miles (5 km) north of downtown White Plains, New York, and about 15 miles (24 km) north of New York City.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "Breakneck Brook __knowledge__ Breakneck Brook, sometimes Breakneck Valley Brook, is a tributary of the Hudson River located entirely in the Putnam County town of Philipstown, New York, United States.", "Breakneck Brook __knowledge__ It rises at Surprise Lake and flows southwest towards the Hudson from there, mostly through Hudson Highlands State Park.", "Breakneck Brook __knowledge__ The name comes from Breakneck Ridge to its north.", "Breakneck Brook __knowledge__ Two of the park's hiking trails parallel Breakneck Brook for much of its course.", "Breakneck Brook __knowledge__ Most of the land the brook flows through was once part of the estate of Edward G. Cornish, chairman of the National Lead Company in the early 20th century.", "Breakneck Brook __knowledge__ He established a large dairy farm on the property, and ruins of structures built for that purpose, including a large cistern, are still visible along the stream.", "Olana State Historic Site __knowledge__ Olana State Historic Site is a historic house museum property in Greenport, New York, near the city of Hudson.", "Olana State Historic Site __knowledge__ The estate was home to Frederic Edwin Church (1826–1900), one of the major figures in the Hudson River School of landscape painting.", "Olana State Historic Site __knowledge__ The centerpiece of Olana is an eclectic villa composed of many styles, difficult to categorize, which overlooks parkland and a working farm designed by the artist.", "Olana State Historic Site __knowledge__ The residence has a wide view of the Hudson River Valley, the Catskill Mountains and the Taconic Range.", "Olana State Historic Site __knowledge__ Church and his wife Isabel (1836–1899) named their estate after a fortress-treasure house in ancient Greater Persia (modern-day Armenia), which also overlooked a river valley." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Woodstock __knowledge__ The Woodstock Music & Art Fair—informally, the Woodstock Festival or simply Woodstock— was a music festival in the United States in 1969 which attracted an audience of over 400,000.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ Scheduled for August 15–17 on a dairy farm in the Catskill Mountains of southern New York State, northwest of New York City, it ran over to Monday, Billed as \"An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music\", it was held at Max Yasgur's dairy farm near the hamlet of White Lake in the town of Bethel.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ In Sullivan County, Bethel is southwest of the town of Woodstock in adjoining Ulster County.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ During the sometimes rainy weekend, 32 acts performed outdoors before an audience of more than 400,000 people.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ It is widely regarded as a pivotal moment in popular music history, as well as the definitive nexus for the larger counterculture generation.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" listed it as one of the \"50 Moments That Changed the History of Rock and Roll\".", "Woodstock __knowledge__ The event was captured in the Academy Award-winning 1970 documentary movie \"Woodstock\", an accompanying , and Joni Mitchell's song \"Woodstock\", which commemorated the event and became a major hit for both Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Matthews Southern Comfort.", "Woodstock __knowledge__ Joni Mitchell said, “Woodstock was a spark of beauty” where half-a-million kids “saw that they were part of a greater organism.” In 2017, the festival site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ \"Call Me Maybe\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Carly Rae Jepsen for her EP \"Curiosity\" (2012) which also appears on her international debut studio album, \"Kiss\" (2012).", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ The song was written by Jepsen and Tavish Crowe as a folk song, but its genre was modified to pop following the production by Josh Ramsay.", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the EP on September 20, 2011, through 604 Records.", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ Jepsen was signed to Schoolboy Records, releasing her single in the United States through the label, as the first single from \"Kiss\".", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ Musically, \"Call Me Maybe\" is a pop and teen pop track that alludes to the inconvenience that a love at first sight brings to a girl who hopes for a call back from a new crush.", "The Rhodes Not Taken __knowledge__ \"The Rhodes Not Taken\" is the fifth episode of the American television series \"Glee\".", "The Rhodes Not Taken __knowledge__ It premiered on the Fox network on September 30, 2009 and was written by series co-creator Ian Brennan and directed by John Scott.", "The Rhodes Not Taken __knowledge__ The episode features glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) recruiting former star April Rhodes (Kristin Chenoweth), hoping to improve the club's chances in the wake of Rachel's (Lea Michele) defection to the school musical.", "The Rhodes Not Taken __knowledge__ Finn (Cory Monteith) flirts with Rachel in an attempt to convince her to return, and although Rachel is angry when she discovers Finn's girlfriend is pregnant, she ultimately rejoins the club.", "An ass eating thistles __knowledge__ Developed by authors during Renaissance times, the story of an ass eating thistles was a late addition to collections of Aesop's Fables.", "An ass eating thistles __knowledge__ Beginning as a condemnation of miserly behaviour, it eventually was taken to demonstrate how preferences differ.", "An ass eating thistles __knowledge__ Two Greek poems from the 2nd century CE seem to have contributed to the making of the modern fable.", "An ass eating thistles __knowledge__ One is the four-line poem of Babrius about a fox who asks an ass how it can eat thorns with such a soft mouth, which is listed as 360 in the Perry Index.", "An ass eating thistles __knowledge__ The other is a simile in a short poem by Lucian in the Greek Anthology (XI.397) in which he likens the behaviour of a miser to 'the life of mules, who often, carrying on their backs a heavy and precious load of gold, only eat hay'.", "The Hunger Games (film) __knowledge__ The Hunger Games is a 2012 American post-apocalyptic science fiction action adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins.", "The Hunger Games (film) __knowledge__ It is the first installment in \"The Hunger Games\" film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, with a screenplay by Ross, Collins, and Billy Ray.", "The Hunger Games (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Lenny Kravitz, Stanley Tucci, and Donald Sutherland.", "The Hunger Games (film) __knowledge__ The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem, which is divided into 12 districts, where a boy and a girl from each district, between the ages of 12 and 18 must take part in The Hunger Games, a televised annual event in which the \"tributes\" of each district are required to fight to the death until there is only one survivor.", "Portuguese heraldry __knowledge__ Portuguese heraldry encompasses modern and historic heraldic achievements in Portugal and in the former Portuguese Empire.", "Portuguese heraldry __knowledge__ Heraldry has been in use in Portugal at least since the 12th century.", "Portuguese heraldry __knowledge__ Portuguese heraldry initially developed among the Iberian branch of the Latin heraldic tradition, in the late 14th century being deeply influenced by the English heraldry, latter developing its own distinctive features.", "Portuguese heraldry __knowledge__ Most of its present general characteristics were fixed in the 16th century by the heraldic ordinances of King Manuel I of Portugal.", "Portuguese heraldry __knowledge__ Unlike the highly stylized and macaronic language used in the heraldry of many other countries, the Portuguese blazon is described in plain language, using usually only Portuguese terminology.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ Sir James Paul McCartney, (born 18 June 1942), is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ He gained worldwide fame as the bass guitarist and singer for the rock band the Beatles, widely considered the most popular and influential group in the history of pop music.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ His songwriting partnership with John Lennon was the most successful of the post-war era.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ McCartney is one of the most successful composers and performers of all time.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song \"Yesterday\", making it one of the most covered songs in popular music history.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ Elizabeth Theresa \"Bet\" Lynch (also Gilroy) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\".", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ Portrayed by Julie Goodyear, the character first appears on screen during the episode airing on Monday 23 May 1966.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ The character returned in 1970, being made a barmaid at the Rovers Return Inn.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ In 1985, she became the landlady of the pub.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ In October 1995, unable to pay her debts, she fled Weatherfield.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ She made brief comebacks in 2002 and 2003.", "Bet Lynch __knowledge__ One of the serial's most popular characters ever, Bet first appeared back in May 1966, but did not become a regular until four and half years later in December 1970.", "Bet Tzedek Legal Services – The House of Justice __knowledge__ Bet Tzedek is an American non-profit human and poverty rights organization, internationally recognized for its work in providing unique advocacy and support for people living in poverty, and for communities victimized by discrimination and civil rights abuses.", "Bet Tzedek Legal Services – The House of Justice __knowledge__ One of the United States' leading centers for social justice, Bet Tzedek is based in Los Angeles, California.", "Bet Tzedek Legal Services – The House of Justice __knowledge__ It was founded in 1974 by a group of Jewish attorneys determined to address the human rights issues and humanitarian needs endemic to Los Angeles.", "Bet Tzedek Legal Services – The House of Justice __knowledge__ Their social justice philosophy was rooted in a central tenet of Jewish law and teaching: \"Tzedek, tzedek tirdof – Justice, justice you shall pursue.\"", "Roulette __knowledge__ Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning \"little wheel\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ In the game, players may choose to place bets on either a single number, various groupings of numbers, the colors red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the numbers are high (19–36) or low (1–18).", "Roulette __knowledge__ Interestingly, the sum of all the numbers on the roulette wheel (from 0 to 36) is 666, which is the \"Number of the Beast\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ One legend says that François Blanc made a deal with the devil to obtain the secrets of roulette.", "Roulette __knowledge__ To determine the winning number and color, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the opposite direction around a tilted circular track running around the circumference of the wheel.", "BET __knowledge__ Black Entertainment Television (BET, stylised as BET⭐️) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the BET Networks division of Viacom.", "BET __knowledge__ It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences, with approximately 88,255,000 American households (75.8% of households with television) receiving the channel.", "BET __knowledge__ The channel has offices in Washington, D.C., New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago.", "BET __knowledge__ Programming on the network consists of original and acquired television series and theatrically and direct-to-video-released films.", "BET __knowledge__ The network has also aired a variety of stand-up comedy, news, and current affairs programs, and formerly aired mainstream rap, hip-hop and R&B music videos; the latter of which now air on its branded sister networks.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Teen patti (, meaning 'three cards' in English) (also known as flash or flush) is a gambling card game that originated in the Indian Subcontinent.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The game, which is actually a simplified version of poker, is popular throughout South Asia.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Boats out of India call it \"flush\" to escape any legal negativity surrounding the game where it is played legally.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The game starts with one of the players dealing the cards.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The cards are usually dealt counter-clockwise.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Before starting the game, usually an agreed number of card(s) is/are picked or dealt to decide the dealer for the opening hand.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Each player may be required to put up an ante into the pot before picking/dealing the card(s)." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 0, 8 ]

[ "I don't know much about Woodstock, but my mom used to talk about it when reminiscing sometimes. I hear it is a Music and Art Festival?", "I guess they only had it for one year, in 1969. Unfortunate that only 400,000 got to experience it once and then never again.", "Yes it was! I wonder how they came up with the location for it - in the Catskill Mountains, just northwest of New York City, on a dairy farm! So interesting.", "I bet so too. I would have loved to experience it!", "Hopefully so. In 2017, the festival site was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Maybe I will go there to visit someday." ]

[ "Woodstock", "Woodstock", "Woodstock", "Woodstock", "Woodstock" ]

[ "Anime", "I am! Are you?", "They had a live action Sailor Moon? Awesome! I like the newer ones, but I do enjoy Naruto!", "Nice! Naruto is a cool anime, so you must have some cool friends :D", "Oh, Ive never attended Comic Con before, but I hope to one day." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "List of anime in the United States __knowledge__ These anime series have been shown and have achieved varying levels of popularity in the United States and Canada, this is contributed to the era known as the \"anime boom\" which lasted from the mid-1990s to mid-2000s.", "List of anime in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, most anime can be seen televised on channels, with channels such as Adult Swim's Toonami block, and \"Toku\" airing anime targeted toward young adults to adult audiences, and with channels such as \"Disney XD\", and \"Nicktoons\" airing anime targeted toward children audiences.", "List of anime in the United States __knowledge__ Anime can also be viewed online legally on streaming websites such as \"Anime Network\", \"Funimation\" 's FunimationNow platform, \"Crunchyroll\", \"Netflix\", \"Crackle\", \"YouTube\" and \"Hulu\".", "Sailor Moon __knowledge__ The manga was adapted into an anime series produced by Toei Animation and broadcast in Japan from 1992 to 1997.", "Sailor Moon __knowledge__ Toei also developed three animated feature films, a television special, and three short films based on the anime.", "Sailor Moon __knowledge__ A live-action television adaptation, \"Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon\", aired from 2003 to 2004, and a reboot of the anime series, \"Sailor Moon Crystal\", began simulcasting in 2014.", "Sailor Moon __knowledge__ The manga series was licensed for an English language release by Kodansha Comics in North America, and in Australia and New Zealand by Random House Australia.", "Sailor Moon __knowledge__ The entire anime series has been licensed by Viz Media for an English language release in North America and by Madman Entertainment in Australia and New Zealand.", "Manga outside Japan __knowledge__ Manga, or Japanese comics, have appeared in translation in many different languages in different countries.", "Manga outside Japan __knowledge__ France represents about 50% of the European manga market and in 2011 manga represented 40% of the comics being published in the country.", "Manga outside Japan __knowledge__ In 2007, 70% of the comics sold in Germany were manga.", "Manga outside Japan __knowledge__ In the United States, manga comprises a small (but growing) industry, especially when compared to the inroads that Japanese animation has made in the USA.", "Manga outside Japan __knowledge__ One example of a manga publisher in the United States, VIZ Media, functions as the American affiliate of the Japanese publishers Shogakukan and Shueisha.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "Refusing to assist a police officer __knowledge__ Refusing to assist a police officer, peace officer or other law enforcement officer is an offence in various jurisdictions around the world.", "Refusing to assist a police officer __knowledge__ Some jurisdictions use the terminology 'refusing to aid a police officer' or 'failure to aid a police officer'.", "Refusing to assist a police officer __knowledge__ This principle originates from Norman England, where local Sheriffs in England would be the only peace officer in an area.", "Refusing to assist a police officer __knowledge__ He would summon assistance from locals in order to enforce the King's laws or to apprehend an offender.", "Refusing to assist a police officer __knowledge__ It subsequently became part of the common law that all persons must assist a constable or peace officer when so requested.", "List of Persona 4 characters __knowledge__ The plot of Atlus's PlayStation 2 role-playing game is centered on a group of high-school students dedicated to capturing the culprit responsible for the murders and kidnappings that happened in their small town of Inaba starting in April 11, 2011.", "List of Persona 4 characters __knowledge__ The case is linked by the TV world, a dimension where the characters use alteregos known as to defeat the Shadows, beings that represent people's hidden thoughts that killed the first two victims.", "List of Persona 4 characters __knowledge__ The protagonist is Yu Narukami, a high-school student who moved into the town from the city.", "List of Persona 4 characters __knowledge__ He is met by Yosuke Hanamura, the son of the local department store manager; Chie Satonaka, an energetic girl with a strong interest in kung fu; Yukiko Amagi, a calm and refined girl whose family owns the local inn; Kanji Tatsumi, a first-year student whose punk reputation hides a softer side; Teddie, a mysterious figure from the TV world who exists in the form of a cartoonish bear costume; Rise Kujikawa, a popular teen idol who has taken a break from showbiz; and Naoto Shirogane, a well-known junior detective who disguises her true identity by dressing as a young man." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "Sailor Moon __knowledge__ The manga was adapted into an anime series produced by Toei Animation and broadcast in Japan from 1992 to 1997.", "Sailor Moon __knowledge__ Toei also developed three animated feature films, a television special, and three short films based on the anime.", "Sailor Moon __knowledge__ A live-action television adaptation, \"Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon\", aired from 2003 to 2004, and a reboot of the anime series, \"Sailor Moon Crystal\", began simulcasting in 2014.", "Sailor Moon __knowledge__ The manga series was licensed for an English language release by Kodansha Comics in North America, and in Australia and New Zealand by Random House Australia.", "Sailor Moon __knowledge__ The entire anime series has been licensed by Viz Media for an English language release in North America and by Madman Entertainment in Australia and New Zealand.", "List of Sailor Moon characters __knowledge__ The \"Sailor Moon\" manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Naoko Takeuchi.", "List of Sailor Moon characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in Tokyo, Japan, where the , a group of ten magical girls, are formed to combat an assortment of antagonists attempting to take over the Earth, the Solar System and the Milky Way galaxy.", "List of Sailor Moon characters __knowledge__ Each Soldier can undergo a transformation which grants her a uniform in her own theme colors and her own unique elemental power.", "List of Sailor Moon characters __knowledge__ The ten Sailor Soldiers are named after the planets of the Solar System, with the exception of Earth.", "List of Sailor Moon characters __knowledge__ While many of the characters are humans with superhuman strength and magical abilities, the cast also includes anthropomorphic animals and extraterrestrial lifeforms.", "Sailor Moon (character) __knowledge__ , better known as , is a fictional superheroine who is the protagonist and titular character of the \"Sailor Moon\" manga series written by Naoko Takeuchi.", "Sailor Moon (character) __knowledge__ She is introduced in chapter #1, \"Usagi – Sailor Moon\" (originally published in Japan's \"Nakayoshi\" magazine on December 28, 1991), as a carefree schoolgirl who can transform into Sailor Moon, the de facto leader of the Sailor Soldiers.", "Sailor Moon (character) __knowledge__ Initially believing herself to be an Earthling, she is later revealed to be the princess of the Moon Kingdom, and she subsequently discovers her birth name, .", "Sailor Moon (character) __knowledge__ In \"Sailor Moon\", Usagi meets Luna, a magical talking black cat that is searching for the Moon Princess.", "Sailor Moon (anime) __knowledge__ Sailor Moon, known in Japan as , is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation.", "Sailor Moon (anime) __knowledge__ It is based on the manga of the same title written by Naoko Takeuchi that was published from 1991 to 1997 in \"Nakayoshi\".", "Sailor Moon (anime) __knowledge__ \"Sailor Moon\" first aired in Japan on TV Asahi from March 7, 1992 to February 8, 1997 and was dubbed into various territories around the world, including the United States, Australia, Europe and Latin America.", "Sailor Moon (anime) __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of the protagonist Usagi Tsukino, a middle school student who is given the power to become the titular Sailor Soldier.", "Sailor Moon (anime) __knowledge__ Joined by other Sailor Soldiers, Usagi defends the planet against an assortment of evil villains.", "Dark Kingdom __knowledge__ The is a group of fictional characters who serve as antagonists in the \"Sailor Moon\" manga series by Naoko Takeuchi.", "Dark Kingdom __knowledge__ They are the primary antagonists of the first story arc in every version of the series.", "Dark Kingdom __knowledge__ They are first introduced in chapter #1 of the manga, \"Usagi – Sailor Moon\", originally published in Japan's \"Nakayoshi\" on December 28, 1991.", "Dark Kingdom __knowledge__ In some English adaptations of the anime, the Dark Kingdom's name was changed to Negaverse.", "Dark Kingdom __knowledge__ In each variation of the series, the characters — led by Queen Beryl — attempt to gather life energy from humans and steal an artifact known as the Silver Crystal in order to release an evil entity known as Queen Metaria, who was sealed away by Queen Serenity during the battle that destroyed the Moon Kingdom in a fictional historical period called the \"Silver Millennium\".", "Black Moon Clan __knowledge__ The is a group of fictional characters who serve as villains in the \"Sailor Moon\" manga series by Naoko Takeuchi.", "Black Moon Clan __knowledge__ It comprises the villains of the second major story arc, which is called the \"Black Moon\" arc in the manga and which fills most of its \"Sailor Moon R\" anime adaptation.", "Black Moon Clan __knowledge__ They are first introduced in chapter #14 \"Black Moon Koan – Sailor Mars\", first published in \"Nakayoshi\" on March 3, 1993.", "Black Moon Clan __knowledge__ In the DIC English adaptation, their name is changed to the \"Negamoon Family\".", "Black Moon Clan __knowledge__ Members of the Black Moon Clan are descendants of anarchists who are against Crystal Tokyo as they saw the governing group corrupt and the resulting increase in human longevity by the Silver Crystal as crime against nature.", "Shadow Galactica __knowledge__ Shadow Galactica as an organization devotes itself to stealing \"starseeds\", the essence of sentient life, from all in the universe.", "Shadow Galactica __knowledge__ Its members are led by Sailor Galaxia and have the ultimate goal of reorganizing the universe in the image that Chaos desires.", "Shadow Galactica __knowledge__ The musicals state that they have already conquered 80% of the Milky Way galaxy, and all 88 constellations - with only Sailor Moon's solar system remaining.", "Shadow Galactica __knowledge__ Sailor Galaxia's castle, , serves as Shadow Galactica's base of operations in the manga.", "Shadow Galactica __knowledge__ Galactica Palace is located at the Galactic Center, in Sagittarius Zero Star, and it is built around the Galaxy Cauldron, the birthplace of all life in the Milky Way.", "Sailor Venus __knowledge__ , better known as , is a fictional character in the \"Sailor Moon\" manga series written by Naoko Takeuchi.", "Sailor Venus __knowledge__ Minako is her sailor form's alternative human identity as part of the Sailor Soldiers, female supernatural fighters who protect the Solar System from evil.", "Sailor Venus __knowledge__ Minako is the fourth Sailor Soldier to be discovered by Usagi Tsukino, although she was the first Soldier to awaken her powers, even before Usagi did.", "Sailor Venus __knowledge__ She possesses powers associated with love and beauty, light, and golden material metal.", "Sailor Venus __knowledge__ In the manga and anime series, she dreams of becoming a famous idol, but in the live-action series, her character is already a well-known celebrity.", "Chibiusa __knowledge__ Chibiusa's birth name is .", "Chibiusa __knowledge__ She is adopted as a member of her mother's family, using the alias Usagi Tsukino, in the 20th century.", "Chibiusa __knowledge__ She is given her nickname to differentiate from the older Usagi Tsukino, Sailor Moon.", "Chibiusa __knowledge__ The nickname is a combination of \"chibi\" (meaning small person or small child) and her given name, Usagi.", "Chibiusa __knowledge__ Author Naoko Takeuchi describes Chibiusa as a precocious brat who likes pulling pranks.", "Chibiusa __knowledge__ She is the daughter of Neo-Queen Serenity and King Endymion.", "Chibiusa __knowledge__ Her real name is the same as her mother's, but is called \"Chibiusa\" in Japanese to avoid confusion between the two.", "Chibiusa __knowledge__ Her name in several English-language versions of Sailor Moon, \"Rini\", is a diminutive of \"Serena\", the name of her mother." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "List of Naruto characters __knowledge__ The manga and anime series features an extensive cast of characters created by Masashi Kishimoto.", "List of Naruto characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional universe where countries vie for power by employing ninja who can use superhuman abilities in combat.", "List of Naruto characters __knowledge__ The storyline is divided into two parts, simply named Part I and Part II, with the latter taking place two-and-a-half years after the conclusion of Part I.", "List of Naruto characters __knowledge__ It is followed by the sequel series \"\" by Ukyō Kodachi, which continues where the epilogue of the first series left off.", "List of Naruto characters __knowledge__ The series' storyline follows the adventures of a group of young ninja from the village of Konohagakure.", "Naruto Uzumaki __knowledge__ When creating Naruto for the initial part of the series, Kishimoto kept the character \"simple and stupid\", while giving him many attributes of an ideal hero.", "Naruto Uzumaki __knowledge__ Kishimoto gave Naruto a dark side by adding tragedy to the character's past.", "Naruto Uzumaki __knowledge__ He has revised Naruto's image many times, providing the character with different clothes intended to appeal to Western audiences and to make him easier to illustrate.", "Naruto Uzumaki __knowledge__ Kishimoto changed his design for Part II of the storyline, which starts two-and-a-half years after Part I. Naruto is voiced by Junko Takeuchi in the original animated series and Maile Flanagan in the English adaptations.", "Naruto __knowledge__ \"Naruto\" was serialized in Shueisha's magazine, \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" from 1999 to 2014, and released in \"tankōbon\" (book) form in 72 volumes.", "Naruto __knowledge__ The manga was adapted into an anime television series produced by Studio Pierrot and Aniplex, which broadcast 220 episodes in Japan from 2002 to 2007; the English adaptation of the series aired on Cartoon Network from 2005 to 2009.", "Naruto __knowledge__ \"\", a sequel to the original series, premiered in Japan in 2007, and ended in 2017, after 500 episodes.", "Naruto __knowledge__ The English adaptation was broadcast on Disney XD from 2009 to 2011, and then switched to Adult Swim's Toonami block in January 2014.", "Sasuke Uchiha __knowledge__ Sasuke was conceived by Masashi Kishimoto as a rival of the series' title character, Naruto Uzumaki.", "Sasuke Uchiha __knowledge__ Despite Sasuke's dark character development later in the story, the author avoided portraying him as a villain.", "Sasuke Uchiha __knowledge__ Sasuke's design challenged Kishimoto as he drew the manga since he found it demanding to create suitable looks for him.", "Sasuke Uchiha __knowledge__ However, the author has grown to enjoy drawing him despite the difficulty of this task.", "Sasuke Uchiha __knowledge__ In the manga's animated adaptations, Sasuke was voiced by Noriaki Sugiyama in Japanese and Yuri Lowenthal in English.", "Sasuke Uchiha __knowledge__ Sasuke's character has received mixed responses from anime and manga publications.", "Jutsu (Naruto) __knowledge__ In the manga and anime series \"Naruto\", by Masashi Kishimoto, a is a supernatural ability possessed by a ninja.", "Jutsu (Naruto) __knowledge__ The series occurs in a fictional universe in which different countries fight for power using ninja soldiers.", "Jutsu (Naruto) __knowledge__ The \"Naruto\" story-line follows a group of young ninjas from the village Konohagakure (Hidden Leaf Village).", "Jutsu (Naruto) __knowledge__ In the series, the ninjas use their jutsu by manipulating a form of energy known as the chakra, which is a combination of the physical and mental energies into either of the other two main jutsus.", "Jutsu (Naruto) __knowledge__ Series creator Masashi Kishimoto developed the concept of jutsu to explain the supernatural feats that ninjas perform in the series and to provide an illustrative image of ninjas in manga.", "Naruto: Ultimate Ninja __knowledge__ Naruto: Ultimate Ninja, known in Japan as the , is a series of fighting video games, based on the popular manga and anime series \"Naruto\" by Masashi Kishimoto, for the PlayStation 2.", "Naruto: Ultimate Ninja __knowledge__ They were developed by CyberConnect2 and published by Namco Bandai starting with \"Naruto: Ultimate Ninja\" in 2005.", "Naruto: Ultimate Ninja __knowledge__ It was followed by four more titles for the PlayStation 2, as well as five spinoffs for the PlayStation Portable, and a follow-up title for the PlayStation 3 entitled \"\".", "Naruto: Ultimate Ninja __knowledge__ While starting out as a series exclusive to the PlayStation family of systems, the series has also been present on Xbox devices since the release of \"\" for the Xbox 360.", "Boruto Uzumaki __knowledge__ , originally spelled by Viz Media as \"Bolt\", is a fictional character created by manga author Masashi Kishimoto who first appears in the finale of the manga series \"Naruto\" as the son of the protagonist Naruto Uzumaki and Hinata Hyuga.", "Boruto Uzumaki __knowledge__ He later appears as a significant role in the 2015 anime film \"\" where he is training as a ninja to surpass his father, the leader of the ninja village Konohagakure.", "Boruto Uzumaki __knowledge__ Boruto also serves as a protagonist in the manga and anime series \".\"", "Boruto Uzumaki __knowledge__ In the manga, it starts off with the retelling of the \"Boruto\" film, while the anime begins with his childhood in the ninja academy where he meets his future teammates Sarada Uchiha, Mitsuki, and his teacher Konohamaru Sarutobi.", "Hinata Hyuga __knowledge__ Hinata is voiced by Nana Mizuki in the original animated series and Stephanie Sheh in the English adaptations.", "Hinata Hyuga __knowledge__ Critical reception to the character has been mostly positive due to her actions in the series, most notably her bigger role in \"The Last\".", "Hinata Hyuga __knowledge__ In creating Hinata Hyuga, Kishimoto originally designed a sketch to one of his assistants that did not have the character in a ninja outfit and instead of a fashion dress.", "Hinata Hyuga __knowledge__ Kishimoto remarks he did this design for fun, emphasizing how he wanted to the Hinata to be with an awareness of the world of \"Naruto\" in mind.", "Hinata Hyuga __knowledge__ However, the final design changed drastically with Hinata becoming a ninja as well as a modern girl at the same time.", "Sakura Haruno __knowledge__ Sakura has become the series' female lead, although she was not immediately intended for the role.", "Sakura Haruno __knowledge__ Kishimoto has had difficulty drawing her character resulting in Kishimoto inadvertently emphasizing certain parts of her appearance, including her large forehead.", "Sakura Haruno __knowledge__ In order to make the character more appealing in the second part of the series, Kishimoto designed her costume to make her look more like a martial artist as well as more beautiful during later chapters.", "Sakura Haruno __knowledge__ Chie Nakamura voices the character in the animated adaptations of the series, while Kate Higgins plays her in the English dub.", "Sakura Haruno __knowledge__ Numerous anime and manga publications have praised and criticized Sakura's character." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ A comic book convention or comic con is an event with a primary focus on comic books and comic book culture, in which comic book fans gather to meet creators, experts, and each other.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Commonly, comic conventions are multi-day events hosted at convention centers, hotels, or college campuses.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ They feature a wide variety of activities and panels, with a larger number of attendees participating in cosplay than most other types of fan conventions.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Comic book conventions are also used as a vehicle for industry, in which publishers, distributors, and retailers represent their comic-related releases.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Comic book conventions may be considered derivatives of science-fiction conventions, which began in the late 1930s.", "Comic Con India __knowledge__ Comic Con India is a comic-based convention held in India.", "Comic Con India __knowledge__ The main edition is held annually in New Delhi and express editions are held annually in Mumbai and Bangalore.", "Comic Con India __knowledge__ A Hyderabad edition was held on 21 and 22 September 2013.", "Comic Con India __knowledge__ The first ever convention was hosted by Twenty Onwards Media between 19 and 20 February 2011 at Dilli Haat, New Delhi, India.", "Comic Con India __knowledge__ It showcased stalls by several Indian publishing houses, including, but not restricted to, Amar Chitra Katha, Vimanika Comics, Diamond Comics, Kshiraj Telang, Manta Ray, Level 10, Campfire and many other new and upcoming publishers.", "Comic Con India __knowledge__ The Comic Con lasted for 2 days, and included several workshops, interactive sessions, interviews and speeches by various comic book artists and writers.", "DC Universe Classics __knowledge__ DC Universe Classics was an action figure toyline, a sub-line of the DC Universe toy brand manufactured by Mattel.", "DC Universe Classics __knowledge__ They were 6-inch scale figures based on characters owned by DC Comics.", "DC Universe Classics __knowledge__ The entire line was sculpted by the Four Horsemen Studios, and were first available for sale in 2008.", "DC Universe Classics __knowledge__ The \"DC Classics\" line ceased to be sold at retail in 2012 with wave 20.", "DC Universe Classics __knowledge__ The series then became an online-and-convention exclusive line.", "DC Universe Classics __knowledge__ It was announced in late 2014 that the line would come to an end with a final series of six figures celebrating the history of the line.", "DC Universe Classics __knowledge__ In 2007, Mattel was granted the rights to produce action figures of all DC Comics characters, although the company indicated the agreement excluded the DC Comics imprints Impact Comics, Vertigo, and WildStorm.", "San Diego Comic-Con __knowledge__ San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California, United States.", "San Diego Comic-Con __knowledge__ The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International: San Diego; but it is commonly known simply as Comic-Con or the San Diego Comic-Con or \"SDCC\".", "San Diego Comic-Con __knowledge__ It was founded as the Golden State Comic Book Convention in 1970 by a group of San Diegans that included Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, and Mike Towry; later, it was called the \"San Diego Comic Book Convention\".", "San Diego Comic-Con __knowledge__ It is a four-day event (Thursday–Sunday) held during the summer (in July since 2003) at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego.", "Fan Expo Dallas __knowledge__ Fan Expo Dallas is a three-day speculative fiction, (including comic books and gaming) fan convention now held annually in the Dallas, Texas, area.", "Fan Expo Dallas __knowledge__ Larger in scale than the Dallas Fan Days events under the same management, Fan Expo Dallas focuses on comic book artists, writers, and publishers.", "Fan Expo Dallas __knowledge__ These events usually also feature question and answer sessions, a large dealers room, and a number of comics and media guests signing autographs.", "Fan Expo Dallas __knowledge__ The event, previously known as Dallas Comic Con (or DCC for short), is produced by Informa.", "Fan Expo Dallas __knowledge__ In 2002, Ben Stevens, producer of the Sci-Fi Expo (1994–present), and Philip Wise, owner of rebelscum.com and theforce.net, brought on consultant Mark Walters (of the defunct Dallas Fantasy Fair, who had staged the Dallas Comic & Toy Fest from 2000–2002) and produced the first Dallas Comic Con.", "New York Comic Con __knowledge__ The New York Comic Con is an annual New York City fan convention dedicated to comics, graphic novels, anime, manga, video games, toys, movies, and television.", "New York Comic Con __knowledge__ It was first held in 2006.", "New York Comic Con __knowledge__ The New York Comic Con is a for-profit event produced and managed by ReedPOP, a division of Reed Exhibitions and Reed Elsevier, and is not affiliated with the long running non-profit San Diego Comic-Con, nor the Big Apple Convention, later known as the Big Apple Comic-Con, owned by Wizard Entertainment.", "New York Comic Con __knowledge__ ReedPOP is involved with other events, including Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo (C2E2) and PAX Dev/PAX East/PAX Prime.", "Salt Lake Comic Con __knowledge__ Salt Lake Comic Con is a semi-annual multi-genre fan convention held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.", "Salt Lake Comic Con __knowledge__ It is produced by Dan Farr and Bryan Brandenburg under Dan Farr Productions and is Utah's most attended convention according to the Governor's Office of Economic Development.", "Salt Lake Comic Con __knowledge__ The first convention took place at the Salt Palace Convention Center in Salt Lake City.", "Salt Lake Comic Con __knowledge__ The second event, Salt Lake Comic Con FanXperience, was inaugurated in April 2014.", "Salt Lake Comic Con __knowledge__ The first Salt Lake Comic Con was held September 5–7, 2013 and included special guests like Adam West, William Shatner, and Stan Lee with attendance over 70,000." ] ]

[ 1, 16, 0, 0, 41 ]

[ "Hi! Are you into Anime or as some may call it, \"Japanimation?\"", "Some of them I really like. I watch the old school stuff like Sailor Moon of all things. I even liked the live action version!", "Yes they did for a short while. You weren't missing much if you never saw it haha. I have so many friends who love Naruto.", "They're pretty cool. They even attend Comic Con. How about yourself?", "Oh they love it all. One of them has been to comic conventions in New York, Chicago, Ohio, and even San Diego. Her costumes are always priceless. I hope you get to it soon!" ]

[ "Anime", "Anime", "Anime", "Anime", "Anime" ]

[ "Vanilla", "What form does the vanilla come in? A liquid?", "What do you do with the vanilla?", "Oh yum! That must be extra potent and healthy!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus \"Vanilla\", primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (\"V. planifolia\").", "Vanilla __knowledge__ The word \"vanilla\", derived from , the diminutive of the Spanish word (\"vaina\" itself meaning sheath or pod), is translated simply as \"little pod\".", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid, called \"tlilxochitl\" by the Aztecs.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pollination is required to set the vanilla fruit from which the flavoring is derived.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ In 1837, Belgian botanist Charles François Antoine Morren discovered this fact and pioneered a method of artificially pollinating the plant.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ The method proved financially unworkable and was not deployed commercially.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ In 1841, Edmond Albius, a slave who lived on the French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean, discovered at the age of 12 that the plant could be hand-pollinated.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Hand-pollination allowed global cultivation of the plant.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Three major species of vanilla currently are grown globally, all of which derive from a species originally found in Mesoamerica, including parts of modern-day Mexico." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus \"Vanilla\", primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (\"V. planifolia\").", "Vanilla __knowledge__ The word \"vanilla\", derived from , the diminutive of the Spanish word (\"vaina\" itself meaning sheath or pod), is translated simply as \"little pod\".", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid, called \"tlilxochitl\" by the Aztecs.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pollination is required to set the vanilla fruit from which the flavoring is derived.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ In 1837, Belgian botanist Charles François Antoine Morren discovered this fact and pioneered a method of artificially pollinating the plant.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ The method proved financially unworkable and was not deployed commercially.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ In 1841, Edmond Albius, a slave who lived on the French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean, discovered at the age of 12 that the plant could be hand-pollinated.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Hand-pollination allowed global cultivation of the plant.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Three major species of vanilla currently are grown globally, all of which derive from a species originally found in Mesoamerica, including parts of modern-day Mexico.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ Coca-Cola Vanilla (commonly referred to as Vanilla Coke) is a vanilla-flavored version of Coca-Cola, introduced in 2002 but subsequently discontinued in North America and the United Kingdom in 2005, only remaining available as a fountain drink.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ It was relaunched in the US in 2007, the UK in 2013 and Canada in 2016.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ Originally announced as a limited edition in the UK, it has since become a permanent flavor due to strong sales.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ The product has also been distributed in related brands Diet Vanilla Coke and Coke Vanilla Zero.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ In 2003, Pepsi introduced Pepsi Vanilla to compete with Vanilla Coke.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ Virgin released their own vanilla cola in 2002 in the UK, the year before Coke released Vanilla Coke there.", "Vanilla Ice __knowledge__ Robert Matthew Van Winkle (born October 31, 1967), known professionally as Vanilla Ice, is an American rapper, actor, and television host.", "Vanilla Ice __knowledge__ Born in South Dallas, and raised in Texas and South Florida, Ice released his debut album, \"Hooked\", in 1989 on Ichiban Records, before signing a contract with SBK Records, a record label of the EMI Group which released a reformatted version of the album under the title \"To the Extreme\".", "Vanilla Ice __knowledge__ Ice's 1990 single \"Ice Ice Baby\" was the first hip hop single to top the \"Billboard\" charts.", "Vanilla Ice __knowledge__ Although he was successful, Ice later regretted his business arrangements with SBK, which had paid him to adopt a more commercial appearance to appeal to a mass audience and published fabricated biographical information without his knowledge.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Vanilla production contributes to the local economy of French Polynesia.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Although it was a major export crop after its introduction by the French in 1848, vanilla is no longer a significant export product.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Vanilla was first introduced to French Polynesia by French colonizers as an export crop.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Later, it became an important cash crop in the development of the island's economy.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, production was much greater than it is today, with 150-200 tons produced annually and plantations employing a sizable percentage of the population.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Over the years, its production has been influenced by several factors and has declined from a high of 200 tons to a 2013 yield of 60 tons.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ Vanilla is a Canadian software company founded in 2009 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ It is both a cloud-based (SaaS) community forum software and an open source community supported software.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ The company’s main product is Vanilla Cloud.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ Its open source product, Vanilla OSS, is a lightweight Internet forum package written in the PHP scripting language using the Garden framework.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ The software is released under the GNU GPL.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ Vanilla Forums is free software, standards-compliant, customizable discussion forums.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ Since 2009 there is also a cloud-hosted version (offered by Vanilla).", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ Vanilla's open source project was released on 1 July 2006, and has since undergone many changes, the most notable being the complete rewrite between Vanilla OSS and Vanilla Cloud, the latter of the two became the primary product and Vanilla 1 was passed into the hands of other developers..", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla is frequently used to flavor ice cream, especially in North America and Europe.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla ice cream, like other flavors of ice cream, was originally created by cooling a mixture made of cream, sugar, and vanilla above a container of ice and salt.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ The type of vanilla used to flavor ice cream varies by location.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ In North America, consumers are interested in a more prominent, smoky flavor, while in France, they want a more anise-like flavor.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ To create the smooth consistency of ice cream, the mixture has to be stirred occasionally and then returned to the container of ice and salt to continue the solidification process.", "Vanilla Fudge __knowledge__ Vanilla Fudge is an American rock band known predominantly for their extended rock arrangements of contemporary hit songs, most notably \"You Keep Me Hangin' On\".", "Vanilla Fudge __knowledge__ The band's original lineup—vocalist and organist Mark Stein, bassist and vocalist Tim Bogert, lead guitarist/vocalist Vince Martell, and drummer and vocalist Carmine Appice—recorded five albums during the years 1967–69, before disbanding in 1970.", "Vanilla Fudge __knowledge__ The band is currently touring with three of the four original members, Mark Stein, Vince Martell, and Carmine Appice with Pete Bremy on bass as Bogert retired in 2009.", "Vanilla Fudge __knowledge__ The band has been cited as \"one of the few American links between psychedelia and what soon became heavy metal.\"", "Orchidaceae __knowledge__ The Orchidaceae are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant, commonly known as the orchid family.", "Orchidaceae __knowledge__ Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering plants.", "Orchidaceae __knowledge__ The Orchidaceae have about 28,000 currently accepted species, distributed in about 763 genera.", "Orchidaceae __knowledge__ The determination of which family is larger is still under debate, because verified data on the members of such enormous families are continually in flux.", "Orchidaceae __knowledge__ Regardless, the number of orchid species nearly equals the number of bony fishes and is more than twice the number of bird species, and about four times the number of mammal species.", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ Heat is a perfume endorsed by Beyoncé.", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ It was created by her alongside Claude Dir and Olivier Gillotin of the company Givaudan.", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ The product, which was released on February 3, 2010, uses the tagline \"catch the fever\".", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ The release was promoted with a cover version of \"Fever\" recorded by Beyoncé and a limited edition extended play (EP) also titled \"Heat\".", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ She also appeared at Macy's Herald Square to launch the perfume and on \"The Today Show\" where she discussed about Heat.", "Heat (perfume) __knowledge__ The fragrance's commercial, directed by director Jake Nava and released in December 2009, spawned controversy for its sexually explicit imagery, and was only allowed nighttime broadcast in the United Kingdom.", "Charles Wesley Powell __knowledge__ Charles Wesley Powell (5 May 1854 – 18 August 1927) was an American hobbyist turned horticulturist specializing in the study of orchids (Orchidaceae).", "Charles Wesley Powell __knowledge__ He is credited with providing scientists the first large-scale collection of orchid specimens found in Panama.", "Charles Wesley Powell __knowledge__ In the early 1900s, he became internationally famous for his new discoveries and valuable contributions to orchidology by gathering, \"rediscovering\", cultivating, preserving, documenting, and submitting-for-study a diverse assortment of hundreds of distinct specimens: yielding many new to science species.", "Charles Wesley Powell __knowledge__ Powell's specimen records (also known as herbarium specimens) and his Panama garden were studied by researchers at the Royal Botanical Gardens, the Berlin Botanical Garden, the Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames at Harvard University, the National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution, and the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG).", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Vanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, which is an organic compound with the molecular formula CHO.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Its functional groups include aldehyde, hydroxyl, and ether.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ It is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Synthetic vanillin is now used more often than natural vanilla extract as a flavoring agent in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Vanillin and ethylvanillin are used by the food industry; ethylvanillin is more expensive, but has a stronger note.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ It differs from vanillin by having an ethoxy group (–O–CHCH) instead of a methoxy group (–O–CH).", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Natural \"vanilla extract\" is a mixture of several hundred different compounds in addition to vanillin." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus \"Vanilla\", primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (\"V. planifolia\").", "Vanilla __knowledge__ The word \"vanilla\", derived from , the diminutive of the Spanish word (\"vaina\" itself meaning sheath or pod), is translated simply as \"little pod\".", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid, called \"tlilxochitl\" by the Aztecs.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pollination is required to set the vanilla fruit from which the flavoring is derived.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ In 1837, Belgian botanist Charles François Antoine Morren discovered this fact and pioneered a method of artificially pollinating the plant.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ The method proved financially unworkable and was not deployed commercially.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ In 1841, Edmond Albius, a slave who lived on the French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean, discovered at the age of 12 that the plant could be hand-pollinated.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Hand-pollination allowed global cultivation of the plant.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Three major species of vanilla currently are grown globally, all of which derive from a species originally found in Mesoamerica, including parts of modern-day Mexico.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ Coca-Cola Vanilla (commonly referred to as Vanilla Coke) is a vanilla-flavored version of Coca-Cola, introduced in 2002 but subsequently discontinued in North America and the United Kingdom in 2005, only remaining available as a fountain drink.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ It was relaunched in the US in 2007, the UK in 2013 and Canada in 2016.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ Originally announced as a limited edition in the UK, it has since become a permanent flavor due to strong sales.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ The product has also been distributed in related brands Diet Vanilla Coke and Coke Vanilla Zero.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ In 2003, Pepsi introduced Pepsi Vanilla to compete with Vanilla Coke.", "Coca-Cola Vanilla __knowledge__ Virgin released their own vanilla cola in 2002 in the UK, the year before Coke released Vanilla Coke there.", "Vanilla Ice __knowledge__ Robert Matthew Van Winkle (born October 31, 1967), known professionally as Vanilla Ice, is an American rapper, actor, and television host.", "Vanilla Ice __knowledge__ Born in South Dallas, and raised in Texas and South Florida, Ice released his debut album, \"Hooked\", in 1989 on Ichiban Records, before signing a contract with SBK Records, a record label of the EMI Group which released a reformatted version of the album under the title \"To the Extreme\".", "Vanilla Ice __knowledge__ Ice's 1990 single \"Ice Ice Baby\" was the first hip hop single to top the \"Billboard\" charts.", "Vanilla Ice __knowledge__ Although he was successful, Ice later regretted his business arrangements with SBK, which had paid him to adopt a more commercial appearance to appeal to a mass audience and published fabricated biographical information without his knowledge.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Vanilla production contributes to the local economy of French Polynesia.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Although it was a major export crop after its introduction by the French in 1848, vanilla is no longer a significant export product.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Vanilla was first introduced to French Polynesia by French colonizers as an export crop.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Later, it became an important cash crop in the development of the island's economy.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, production was much greater than it is today, with 150-200 tons produced annually and plantations employing a sizable percentage of the population.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Over the years, its production has been influenced by several factors and has declined from a high of 200 tons to a 2013 yield of 60 tons.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ Vanilla is a Canadian software company founded in 2009 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ It is both a cloud-based (SaaS) community forum software and an open source community supported software.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ The company’s main product is Vanilla Cloud.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ Its open source product, Vanilla OSS, is a lightweight Internet forum package written in the PHP scripting language using the Garden framework.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ The software is released under the GNU GPL.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ Vanilla Forums is free software, standards-compliant, customizable discussion forums.", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ Since 2009 there is also a cloud-hosted version (offered by Vanilla).", "Vanilla Forums __knowledge__ Vanilla's open source project was released on 1 July 2006, and has since undergone many changes, the most notable being the complete rewrite between Vanilla OSS and Vanilla Cloud, the latter of the two became the primary product and Vanilla 1 was passed into the hands of other developers..", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla is frequently used to flavor ice cream, especially in North America and Europe.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla ice cream, like other flavors of ice cream, was originally created by cooling a mixture made of cream, sugar, and vanilla above a container of ice and salt.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ The type of vanilla used to flavor ice cream varies by location.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ In North America, consumers are interested in a more prominent, smoky flavor, while in France, they want a more anise-like flavor.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ To create the smooth consistency of ice cream, the mixture has to be stirred occasionally and then returned to the container of ice and salt to continue the solidification process.", "Vanilla Fudge __knowledge__ Vanilla Fudge is an American rock band known predominantly for their extended rock arrangements of contemporary hit songs, most notably \"You Keep Me Hangin' On\".", "Vanilla Fudge __knowledge__ The band's original lineup—vocalist and organist Mark Stein, bassist and vocalist Tim Bogert, lead guitarist/vocalist Vince Martell, and drummer and vocalist Carmine Appice—recorded five albums during the years 1967–69, before disbanding in 1970.", "Vanilla Fudge __knowledge__ The band is currently touring with three of the four original members, Mark Stein, Vince Martell, and Carmine Appice with Pete Bremy on bass as Bogert retired in 2009.", "Vanilla Fudge __knowledge__ The band has been cited as \"one of the few American links between psychedelia and what soon became heavy metal.\"", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Vanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, which is an organic compound with the molecular formula CHO.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Its functional groups include aldehyde, hydroxyl, and ether.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ It is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Synthetic vanillin is now used more often than natural vanilla extract as a flavoring agent in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Vanillin and ethylvanillin are used by the food industry; ethylvanillin is more expensive, but has a stronger note.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ It differs from vanillin by having an ethoxy group (–O–CHCH) instead of a methoxy group (–O–CH).", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Natural \"vanilla extract\" is a mixture of several hundred different compounds in addition to vanillin.", "Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ The Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis, published by K. C. Nicolaou and his group in 1994 concerns the total synthesis of Taxol.", "Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ This organic synthesis was included in Nicolaou's book, 'Classics in Total Synthesis'.", "Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ This synthetic route to Taxol is one of several; other groups have presented their own solutions, notably the group of Holton with a linear synthesis starting from borneol, the Samuel Danishefsky group starting from the Wieland-Miescher ketone and the Wender group from pinene.", "Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ The Nicolaou synthesis is a good example of convergent synthesis because the molecule is assembled from 3 pre-assembled synthons.", "Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ The Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis in organic chemistry is an important third Taxol synthesis published by the group of Samuel Danishefsky in 1996 two years after the first two efforts described in the Holton Taxol total synthesis and the Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis.", "Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ Combined they provide a good insight in the application of organic chemistry in total synthesis.", "Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ Danishefsky's route to Taxol has many similarities with that of Nicolaou.", "Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ Both are examples of convergent synthesis with a coupling of the A and the C ring from two precursors.", "Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ The main characteristic of the Danishefsky variant is the completion of the oxetane D ring onto the cyclohexanol C ring prior to the construction of the 8-membered B ring.", "Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ The Mukaiyama taxol total synthesis published by the group of Teruaki Mukaiyama of the Tokyo University of Science between 1997 and 1999 was the 6th successful taxol total synthesis.", "Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ The total synthesis of Taxol is considered a hallmark in organic synthesis.", "Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ This version is a linear synthesis with ring formation taking place in the order C, B, A, D. Contrary to the other published methods, the tail synthesis is by an original design.", "Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ Teruaki Mukaiyama is an expert on aldol reactions and not surprisingly his Taxol version contains no less than 5 of these reactions.", "Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis __knowledge__ Other key reactions encountered in this synthesis are a pinacol coupling and a Reformatskii reaction.", "Ortho-Vanillin __knowledge__ \"ortho\"-Vanillin (\"2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde\") is an organic solid present in the extracts and essential oils of many plants.", "Ortho-Vanillin __knowledge__ Its functional groups include aldehyde, ether and phenol.", "Ortho-Vanillin __knowledge__ \"ortho\"-Vanillin, a compound of the formula CHO, is distinctly different from its more prevalent isomer, vanillin.", "Ortho-Vanillin __knowledge__ The \"\"ortho\"-\" prefix refers to the position of the compound’s hydroxyl moiety, which is found in the \"para\"-position in vanillin.", "Ortho-Vanillin __knowledge__ \"ortho\"-Vanillin is a fibrous, light-yellow, crystalline solid.", "Ortho-Vanillin __knowledge__ Present in a variety of food products, it is not specifically sought after, and is therefore a less-commonly produced and encountered food additive.", "Ethanol __knowledge__ Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula .", "Ethanol __knowledge__ Its formula can be written also as −− or − (an ethyl group linked to a hydroxyl group), and is often abbreviated as EtOH.", "Ethanol __knowledge__ Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a slight characteristic odor.", "Ethanol __knowledge__ It is a psychoactive substance and is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic drinks.", "Ethanol __knowledge__ Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes, and is most commonly consumed as a popular recreational drug." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus \"Vanilla\", primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (\"V. planifolia\").", "Vanilla __knowledge__ The word \"vanilla\", derived from , the diminutive of the Spanish word (\"vaina\" itself meaning sheath or pod), is translated simply as \"little pod\".", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid, called \"tlilxochitl\" by the Aztecs.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pollination is required to set the vanilla fruit from which the flavoring is derived.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ In 1837, Belgian botanist Charles François Antoine Morren discovered this fact and pioneered a method of artificially pollinating the plant.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ The method proved financially unworkable and was not deployed commercially.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ In 1841, Edmond Albius, a slave who lived on the French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean, discovered at the age of 12 that the plant could be hand-pollinated.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Hand-pollination allowed global cultivation of the plant.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Three major species of vanilla currently are grown globally, all of which derive from a species originally found in Mesoamerica, including parts of modern-day Mexico.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ It opened on 14 March 1885, in London, where it ran at the Savoy Theatre for 672 performances, which was the second longest run for any work of musical theatre and one of the longest runs of any theatre piece up to that time.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ Before the end of 1885, it was estimated that, in Europe and America, at least 150 companies were producing the opera.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ \"The Mikado\" remains the most frequently performed Savoy Opera, and it is especially popular with amateur and school productions.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The Thief and the Cobbler is an animated fantasy film directed, co-written and co-produced by Canadian animator Richard Williams.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The film is known for its long, troubled history.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Due to independent funding and complex animation, \"The Thief and the Cobbler\" was in and out of production for over three decades.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ It was finally placed into full production in 1988 when Warner Bros. agreed to finance and distribute the film.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Negotiations broke down when production went over budget and behind schedule.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ Warner Bros. pulled out and a completion bond company assumed control of the film.", "The Thief and the Cobbler __knowledge__ The film was re-edited and re-structured by producer Fred Calvert without Williams' involvement, and released in Australia and South Africa as The Princess and the Cobbler in 1993; two years later, Miramax Films, at the time a subsidiary of Disney, released an even more heavily edited version of the film in North America under the title Arabian Knight.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ The Yellowdog Updater, Modified (YUM) is a libre and open-source command-line package-management utility for computers running the GNU/Linux operating system using the RPM Package Manager.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Though YUM has a command-line interface, several other tools provide graphical user interfaces to YUM functionality.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ YUM allows automatic updates, package and dependency management, on RPM-based distributions.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Like the Advanced Package Tool (APT) from Debian, YUM works with software repositories (collections of packages), which can be accessed locally or over a network connection.", "Yellow Dog Updater, Modified __knowledge__ Under the hood, YUM depends on RPM, which is a packaging standard for digital distribution of software, which automatically uses hashes and digisigs to verify the authorship and integrity of said software; unlike some app stores, which serve a similar function, neither YUM nor RPM provide built-in support for proprietary restrictions on copying of packages by endusers.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., or Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ and formerly Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc., is an American fast food company.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ A Fortune 500 corporation, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ operates the brands Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, and WingStreet worldwide, except in China, where the brands are operated by a separate company, Yum China.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Prior to 2011, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ owned Long John Silver's and A&W Restaurants.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Based in Louisville, Kentucky, it is one of the world's largest fast food restaurant companies in terms of system units—with 43,617 restaurants (including 2,859 that are company-owned and 40,758 that are franchised) around the world in over 135 countries and territories.", "The Cat Who... __knowledge__ The Cat Who... is a series of twenty-nine mystery novels and three related collections by Lilian Jackson Braun and published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, featuring a reporter named Jim Qwilleran and his Siamese cats, Kao K'o-Kung (Koko for short) and Yum Yum.", "The Cat Who... __knowledge__ The first was written in 1966, with two more following in 1967 and 1968.", "The Cat Who... __knowledge__ The fourth appeared eighteen years later, after which at least one new novel was published every year until 2007.", "The Cat Who... __knowledge__ A thirtieth novel, originally announced for 2008, was postponed indefinitely by its publisher and then canceled after the author's death in 2011.", "The Cat Who... __knowledge__ It remains unpublished.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Instant noodles are sold in a precooked and dried noodle block, with flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The flavoring is usually in a separate packet, although in the case of cup noodles the flavoring is often loose in the cup.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Some instant noodle products are seal packed; these can be reheated or eaten straight from the packet/container.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Dried noodle blocks are cooked or soaked in boiling water before eating.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The main ingredients used in dried noodles are usually wheat flour, palm oil, and salt.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Common ingredients in the flavoring powder are salt, monosodium glutamate, seasoning, and sugar.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC, until 1991 known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken.", "KFC __knowledge__ Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories .", "KFC __knowledge__ The chain is a subsidiary of Yum!", "KFC __knowledge__ Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ An ice cream van (British) or ice cream truck (American) is a commercial vehicle that serves as a mobile retail outlet for ice cream, usually during the summer.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often seen parked at public events, or near parks, beaches, or other areas where people congregate.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans often travel near where children play — outside schools, in residential areas, or in other locations.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They usually stop briefly before moving on to the next street.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often brightly decorated and carry images of ice cream, or some other adornment, such as cartoon characters.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They may have painted-on notices, which can serve a commercial purpose (\"\"Stop me and buy one!\"\")", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla is frequently used to flavor ice cream, especially in North America and Europe.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla ice cream, like other flavors of ice cream, was originally created by cooling a mixture made of cream, sugar, and vanilla above a container of ice and salt.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ The type of vanilla used to flavor ice cream varies by location.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ In North America, consumers are interested in a more prominent, smoky flavor, while in France, they want a more anise-like flavor.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ To create the smooth consistency of ice cream, the mixture has to be stirred occasionally and then returned to the container of ice and salt to continue the solidification process.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ An ice cream float or soda (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and East Asia), coke float (United Kingdom), root beer float (United States, Canada) or spider (Australia and New Zealand), is a chilled beverage that consists of ice cream in either a soft drink or in a mixture of flavored syrup and carbonated water.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The ice cream float was invented by Robert McCay Green in Philadelphia, PA, in 1874 during the Franklin Institute's semicentennial celebration.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The traditional story is that, on a particularly hot day, Mr. Green ran out of cold ice for the flavored drinks he was selling and used vanilla ice cream from a neighboring vendor, thus inventing a new drink.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Bacon ice cream (or bacon-and-egg ice cream) is an ice cream generally created by adding bacon to egg custard and freezing the mixture.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ The concept of bacon ice cream originated in a 1973 sketch on the British comedy series \"The Two Ronnies\" as a joke; however, it was eventually created for April Fools' Day.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Heston Blumenthal experimented with the creation of ice cream, making a custard similar to scrambled eggs then adding bacon to create one of his signature dishes.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ It now appears on dessert menus in other restaurants.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream is generally expected to be a sweet food, eaten as a dessert, even though there is evidence of savoury ice creams eaten in Victorian times." ] ]

[ 1, 60, 3, 64 ]

[ "I get my vanilla from an orchid", "vanillin is a liquid that has aldehyde, hydroxyl, and ether", "After i cultivate the vine from the orchid I make ice cream", "Not too healthy, it has a lot of sugar and cream." ]

[ "Vanilla", "Vanilla", "Vanilla", "Vanilla" ]

[ "Sushi\nDo you like sushi? I like to eat it sometimes but not too often.", "I prefer brown rice myself. Is it true all sushi uses raw fish?", "I see. There are so many different kinds of sushi rolls at restaurants. I like to eat California rolls. What about you?", "Yeah, I think someone told me that once. I wonder which dish came first?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Neneh Mariann Karlsson (born 10 March 1964), better known as Neneh Cherry, is a Swedish singer-songwriter, rapper, and occasional DJ and broadcaster.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ To date, Cherry has released four studio albums.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Her first, \"Raw Like Sushi\" was released 1989 and peaked at number 3 in the UK Singles Chart.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Her second studio album was 1992's \"Homebrew\", which was less successful.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ 4 years later she released \"Man\", and then released her most recent studio album \"Blank Project\" in 2014.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ In addition to releasing these studio albums, she formed the band cirKus in 2006 and has collaborated with The Thing, releasing an album entitled \"The Cherry Thing\" in 2012.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ Eric Lee Martin (born October 10, 1960 in Long Island, New York) is an American rock singer/musician active throughout the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s both as a solo artist and as a member of various bands.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ He earned his most prominent success as the frontman for the hard rock band Mr. Big, a supergroup (currently reunited) who scored a big hit in the early 1990s with \"To Be with You,\" a song that Martin wrote during his teen years.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ A local of the San Francisco Bay Area, Martin first started his career in the music industry in 1978.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ Eric is the son of Frederick Lee \"Pepper\" Martin and Iris Martin.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ He has three younger siblings Dan, Joan and Laurie; and is half-Irish, half-Italian.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Raw Like Sushi II __knowledge__ Raw Like Sushi II is a live album by the hard rock band Mr. Big and is the second in the \"Raw Sushi\" collection.", "Raw Like Sushi II __knowledge__ It was released in 1992.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ , literally \"rotation sushi\", also called , is a form of sushi restaurant common in Japan.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ In Australasia, it is also known as a sushi train.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Kaiten-zushi is a sushi restaurant where the plates with the sushi are placed on a rotating conveyor belt or moat that winds through the restaurant and moves past every table, counter and seat.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Customers may place special orders, but most simply pick their selections from a steady stream of fresh sushi moving along the conveyor belt.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ The final bill is based on the number and type of plates of the consumed sushi.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Some restaurants use a fancier presentation such as miniature wooden \"sushi boats\" traveling small canals or miniature locomotive cars." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Rice __knowledge__ Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "Rice __knowledge__ As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "Rice __knowledge__ It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Rice __knowledge__ Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Japanese rice refers to a number of short-grain cultivars of Japonica rice including ordinary rice (\"uruchimai\") and glutinous rice (\"mochigome\").", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Ordinary Japanese rice, or \"uruchimai\" () is the staple of the Japanese diet and consists of short translucent grains.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ When cooked it has a sticky texture such that it can easily be picked up and eaten with chopsticks.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Outside Japan it is sometimes labeled sushi rice, as this is one of its common uses.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ It is also used to produce sake.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Glutinous rice, known in Japan as \"mochigome\" (), is used for making mochi () and special dishes such as sekihan.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ It is a short-grain rice, and can be distinguished from \"uruchimai\" by its particularly short, round and opaque grains, its greater stickiness when cooked, and firmer and chewier texture.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ Kuai was a Chinese dish consisting of finely cut strips of raw fish or meat, which was popular and commonly eaten in the early Chinese dynasties.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ According to the \"Book of Rites\" compiled between 202 BC and 220 AD, \"kuai\" consists of small thin slices or strips of raw meat, which are prepared by first thinly slicing the meat and then cutting the thin slices into strips.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ In modern times, the dishes are more often referred to as \"raw fish slices\" () or as \"yusheng\" ().", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ The type of fish commonly used in ancient times included carp (鯉) and mandarin fish (鳜), while in modern times salmon (鮭) is commonly used.", "Brown rice syrup __knowledge__ Brown rice (malt) syrup, also known as rice syrup or rice malt, is a sweetener which is rich in compounds categorized as sugars and is derived by culturing cooked rice starch with saccharifying enzymes to break down the starches, followed by straining off the liquid and reducing it by evaporative heating until the desired consistency is reached.", "Brown rice syrup __knowledge__ The enzymes used in the saccharification step are supplied by an addition of sprouted barley grains to the rice starch (the traditional method) or by adding bacterial- or fungal-derived purified enzyme isolates (the modern, industrialized method).", "Brown rice syrup __knowledge__ In traditional practices, brown rice syrup is created by adding a small amount of sprouted barley grains (barley malt) to cooked, whole brown rice in a solution of heated water, similar to the production of beer wort.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Brown rice is whole grain rice, with the inedible outer hull removed; white rice is the same grain with the hull, bran layer and cereal germ removed.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Red rice, gold rice, and black rice (sometimes known as purple rice) are all whole rices, but with a differently-pigmented outer layer.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Any type of rice may be eaten whole.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Whole rice has a mild, nutty flavor, and is chewier.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Rice plants accumulate arsenic, and there have been concerns over excessive arsenic levels in rice.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ There is more arsenic in the bran, so brown rice contains more arsenic.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ The European Union has introduced regulations on arsenic in rice, but the United States has not.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The term rice cooker formerly applied to non-automated dedicated rice-cooking utensils, which have an ancient history (a ceramic rice steamer dated to 1250 BC is on display in the British Museum).", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It now applies mostly to automated cookers.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Electric rice cookers were developed in Japan, where they are known as pressure cookers .", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ Bap () in Korean cuisine, fàn () in Chinese cuisine, and meshi () or gohan () in Japanese cuisine, often translated as \"rice\" or \"cooked rice\", is a dish prepared by boiling rice and/or other grains, such as black rice, barley, sorghum, various millets, and beans, until the water has cooked away.", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ Special ingredients such as vegetables, seafood, and meat can also be added to create different kinds of \"bap\".", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ The words \"bap\", \"fàn\", \"meshi\", and \"han\" can also be used to refer to a meal.", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ In Korean, the honorific forms of \"bap\" (meal) include jinji () for an elderly, sura () for the monarch, and me () for the deceased (in the ancestral rites)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ A sushi machine or sushi robot is a mechanical device that automatically creates various styles of sushi.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Several are electrically powered.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines produce mounds of sushi rice for creating nigiri.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ This style of sushi machine may use a hopper that is filled with sushi rice, from where the rice is fed into the machine and the sushi rice mounds are formed and then ejected.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ After the rice mounds are ejected, sashimi and other ingredients are then manually placed atop them.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines can produce sushi rolls, whereby the machine automatically flattens rice into sheets, adds various ingredients such as sashimi, nori (edible seaweed) and vegetables, rolls them up and then slices the rolls into separate pieces.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Ceviche () is a seafood dish popular in the coastal regions of Latin America and the Caribbean.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Though the origin of ceviche is hotly debated, the dish is most closely associated with Peru.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ It is typically made from fresh raw fish cured in citrus juices, such as lemon or lime, and spiced with \"ají\" or chili peppers.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Additional seasonings, such as chopped onions, salt, and cilantro, may also be added.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Ceviche is usually accompanied by side dishes that complement its flavors, such as sweet potato, lettuce, corn, avocado or plantain.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ As the dish is not cooked with heat, it must be prepared and consumed fresh to minimize the risk of food poisoning.", "Raw bar __knowledge__ A raw bar is a small restaurant or a bar within a restaurant where live raw shellfish are shucked and served.", "Raw bar __knowledge__ Raw bars typically offer a variety of raw and cooked seafood and shellfish that is served cold.", "Raw bar __knowledge__ Seafood-based dishes may also be proferred, and additional, non-seafood foods may also be part of the fare.", "Raw bar __knowledge__ Raw bars may offer alcoholic beverages such as oyster shooters, as well as wine and sake that is paired with various foods.", "Raw bar __knowledge__ Additional accompaniments may include condiments, sauces and foods such as lemon and lime.", "Raw bar __knowledge__ Several restaurants in the United States offer raw bars, some of which are seasonal.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Kinilaw __knowledge__ Kinilaw (literally \"eaten raw\") is a raw seafood dish native to the Philippines, similar to ceviche.", "Kinilaw __knowledge__ It is more accurately a cooking process that relies on vinegar to denature the ingredients, rather than a dish, as it can also be used to prepare meat and vegetables.", "Kinilaw __knowledge__ Meat-based \"kinilaw\" (usually known as kilawin) are more common in the northern Philippines and use blanched and lightly grilled meat (not raw).", "Kinilaw __knowledge__ \"Kinilaw\" dishes are usually eaten as appetizers before a meal, or as finger food (\"pulutan\") with alcoholic drinks.", "Kinilaw __knowledge__ The most common \"kinilaw\" dish is \"kinilaw na isda\" (\"fish \"kinilaw\"\") prepared using raw cubed fish mixed with vinegar (usually coconut vinegar or cane vinegar) as the primary denaturing agent; along with a souring agent to enhance the tartness like calamansi, \"dayap\", \"biasong\", \"kamias\", tamarind, green mangoes, \"balimbing\", and green \"sineguelas\".", "Kimchi __knowledge__ Kimchi (; , ), a staple in Korean cuisine, is a traditional side dish made from salted and fermented vegetables, most commonly napa cabbage and Korean radishes, with a variety of seasonings including chili powder, scallions, garlic, ginger, and \"jeotgal\" (salted seafood).", "Kimchi __knowledge__ There are hundreds of varieties of kimchi made with different vegetables as the main ingredients.", "Kimchi __knowledge__ In traditional preparations, kimchi was stored underground in jars to keep cool, and unfrozen during the winter months.", "Kimchi __knowledge__ With the rise of technology, kimchi refrigerators are more commonly used to make kimchi.", "Kimchi __knowledge__ The term \"ji\" (), which has its origins in archaic Korean \"dihi\" (), has been used to refer to kimchi since ancient times.", "Seafood pizza __knowledge__ Seafood pizza is pizza prepared with seafood as a primary ingredient.", "Seafood pizza __knowledge__ Many types of seafood ingredients in fresh, frozen or canned forms may be used on seafood pizza.", "Seafood pizza __knowledge__ Some retail pizza chains, as well as smaller restaurants, offer seafood pizzas to consumers.", "Seafood pizza __knowledge__ Various seafood can be used to prepare the dish, such as fish (including salmon, tuna, anchovy), shellfish, clams, scallops, mussels, shrimp, squid, lobster and scungilli (sea snail), among others.", "Seafood pizza __knowledge__ Imitation seafood may also be used.", "Seafood pizza __knowledge__ Fresh or frozen seafood may be used, and some versions use canned seafood, such as canned tuna.", "Seafood pizza __knowledge__ \"Frutti di Mare\" is an Italian type of pizza that may be served with scampi, mussels or squid." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "Dish Network __knowledge__ Dish Network (often stylized as DISH Network, or just simply DISH) is an American-based direct-broadcast satellite service provider.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company provides satellite television, audio programming, and interactive television services to commercial and residential customers in the United States.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ , the company provided services to 13.7 million television and 580,000 broadband subscribers.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company has approximately 16,000 employees.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company is headquartered in Meridian, Colorado, though the postal designation of nearby Englewood, Colorado is used in the corporate mailing.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ In January 2008, Dish Network was spun off from its former parent company EchoStar, which was founded by Charlie Ergen as a satellite television equipment distributor in 1980.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ State of Florida v. George Zimmerman was a criminal prosecution of George Zimmerman on the charge of second-degree murder stemming from the shooting of Trayvon Martin on February 26, 2012.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ On April 11, 2012, George Zimmerman was charged with second-degree murder in the shooting death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ In support of the charges, the State filed an affidavit of probable cause, stating that Zimmerman profiled and confronted Martin and shot him to death while Martin was committing no crimes.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ Florida State Attorney Angela Corey announced the charges against Zimmerman during a televised press conference and reported that Zimmerman was in custody after turning himself in to law enforcement.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ Kuai was a Chinese dish consisting of finely cut strips of raw fish or meat, which was popular and commonly eaten in the early Chinese dynasties.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ According to the \"Book of Rites\" compiled between 202 BC and 220 AD, \"kuai\" consists of small thin slices or strips of raw meat, which are prepared by first thinly slicing the meat and then cutting the thin slices into strips.", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ In modern times, the dishes are more often referred to as \"raw fish slices\" () or as \"yusheng\" ().", "Kuai (dish) __knowledge__ The type of fish commonly used in ancient times included carp (鯉) and mandarin fish (鳜), while in modern times salmon (鮭) is commonly used.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ Sashimi (; , ) is a Japanese delicacy consisting of very fresh raw meat or fish sliced into thin pieces.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ The word \"sashimi\" means \"pierced body\", i.e.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ \"刺身\" = \"sashimi\", where 刺し = \"sashi\" (pierced, stuck) and 身 = \"mi\" (body, meat).", "Sashimi __knowledge__ This word dates from the Muromachi period, and was possibly coined when the word \"切る\" = \"kiru\" (cut), the culinary step, was considered too inauspicious to be used by anyone other than samurai.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ This word may derive from the culinary practice of sticking the fish's tail and fin to the slices for the purpose of identifying the fish being eaten.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ Another possibility for the name could come from the traditional method of harvesting.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ Hoe () refers to several varieties of raw food dishes in Korean cuisine.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ There are uncooked \"hoe\" () as well as blanched \"sukhoe\" ().", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ \"Hoe\" (), the raw fish or meat dish, can be divided into \"saengseon-hoe\" (), filleted raw fish, and \"yukhoe\" (), sliced raw meat.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ \"Saengseon-hoe\" () can be either \"hwareo-hoe\" () made from freshly killed fish, or \"seoneo-hoe\" () made using aged fish.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ \"Mulhoe\" () is a cold raw fish soup.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ \"Sukhoe\" () is a blanched fish, seafood, meat, or vegetable dish.", "Hoe (food) __knowledge__ \"Ganghoe\" () is a dish of rolled and tied ribbons made with blanched vegetables such as water dropworts and scallions.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Peruvian cuisine __knowledge__ Peruvian cuisine reflects local practices and ingredients—including influences from the indigenous population including the Inca and cuisines brought in with immigrants from Europe (Spanish cuisine, Italian cuisine, German cuisine), Asia (Chinese cuisine and Japanese cuisine) and West Africa.", "Peruvian cuisine __knowledge__ Without the familiar ingredients from their home countries, immigrants modified their traditional cuisines by using ingredients available in Peru.", "Peruvian cuisine __knowledge__ The four traditional staples of Peruvian cuisine are corn, potatoes and other tubers, Amaranthaceaes (quinoa, kañiwa and kiwicha) and legumes (beans and lupins).", "Food __knowledge__ Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.", "Food __knowledge__ It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals.", "Food __knowledge__ The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.", "Food __knowledge__ Historically, humans secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering and agriculture.", "Food __knowledge__ Today, the majority of the food energy required by the ever increasing population of the world is supplied by the food industry.", "Food __knowledge__ Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Food Information Council." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 5, 6 ]

[ "I really like sushi! Do you like when its prepared with brown rice or white rice?", "yes it's often prepared with raw seafood ", "i love california rolls too, it's been a while since i had some :) you know sushi is often confused with sashimi a dish consisting thinly sliced raw fish or meat", "I'm not really sure. I know Sushi originates in Southest Asian dish knowntoday as narezushi, stored in fermented rice for months at a time" ]

[ "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi" ]

[ "Piano", "I don't know much about the history of piano. However, I did take lessons for about 11 or 12 years when I was younger.", "I used to be good, I learned by the Suzuki method until about the age of 11. Then, I learned to actually read soft and loud music. Do you play?", "It is a method of teaching music totally by ear. I would listen to the music at night whilst going to sleep. Do you play any instruments?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Anton Rubinstein __knowledge__ Anton Grigorevich Rubinstein (; ) was a Russian pianist, composer and conductor who became a pivotal figure in Russian culture when he founded the Saint Petersburg Conservatory.", "Anton Rubinstein __knowledge__ He was the elder brother of Nikolai Rubinstein who founded the Moscow Conservatory.", "Anton Rubinstein __knowledge__ As a pianist, Rubinstein ranks among the great 19th-century keyboard virtuosos.", "Anton Rubinstein __knowledge__ He became most famous for his series of historical recitals—seven enormous, consecutive concerts covering the history of piano music.", "Anton Rubinstein __knowledge__ Rubinstein played this series throughout Russia and Eastern Europe and in the United States when he toured there.", "Anton Rubinstein __knowledge__ Although best remembered as a pianist and educator (most notably in the latter as the composition teacher of Tchaikovsky), Rubinstein was also a prolific composer throughout much of his life.", "Benjamin Britten __knowledge__ Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten of Aldeburgh (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976) was an English composer, conductor and pianist.", "Benjamin Britten __knowledge__ He was a central figure of 20th-century British classical music, with a range of works including opera, other vocal music, orchestral and chamber pieces.", "Benjamin Britten __knowledge__ His best-known works include the opera \"Peter Grimes\" (1945), the \"War Requiem\" (1962) and the orchestral showpiece \"The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra\" (1945).", "Benjamin Britten __knowledge__ Born in Suffolk, the son of a dentist, Britten showed talent from an early age.", "Benjamin Britten __knowledge__ He studied at the Royal College of Music in London and privately with the composer Frank Bridge.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records in the United States on May 25, 2011, as a promotional single.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ Serving as the opening track on \"4\", it was written and produced by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart .", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" was originally titled \"Nothing But Love\" and by Corey-Jackson Carter & The-Dream & he had initially planned to include it on his second studio album, \"Love vs. Money\" (2009).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ A down-tempo contemporary R&B and soul music power ballad, \"1+1\" Beyoncé expressing her endless love to her soul mate; the lyrics make strong statements about the power of the relationship.", "Jacques Offenbach __knowledge__ Jacques Offenbach (; ; 20 June 1819 – 5 October 1880) was a German-born French composer, cellist and impresario of the romantic period.", "Jacques Offenbach __knowledge__ He is remembered for his nearly 100 operettas of the 1850s–1870s and his uncompleted opera \"The Tales of Hoffmann\".", "Jacques Offenbach __knowledge__ He was a powerful influence on later composers of the operetta genre, particularly Johann Strauss, Jr. and Arthur Sullivan.", "Jacques Offenbach __knowledge__ His best-known works were continually revived during the 20th century, and many of his operettas continue to be staged in the 21st.", "Jacques Offenbach __knowledge__ \"The Tales of Hoffman\" remains part of the standard opera repertory.", "Jacques Offenbach __knowledge__ Born in Cologne, the son of a synagogue cantor, Offenbach showed early musical talent.", "Franz Liszt __knowledge__ Franz Liszt (; , in modern usage \"Liszt Ferenc\", ; 22 October 181131 July 1886) was a prolific 19th-century Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, music teacher, arranger, organist, philanthropist, author, nationalist and a Franciscan tertiary.", "Franz Liszt __knowledge__ Liszt gained renown in Europe during the early nineteenth century for his prodigious virtuosic skill as a pianist.", "Franz Liszt __knowledge__ He was a friend, musical promoter and benefactor to many composers of his time, including Frédéric Chopin, Richard Wagner, Hector Berlioz, Robert Schumann, Camille Saint-Saëns, Edvard Grieg, Ole Bull, Joachim Raff, Mikhail Glinka, and Alexander Borodin.", "The Carpenters __knowledge__ The Carpenters was an American vocal and instrumental duo of Karen (1950–1983) and Richard Carpenter (b.", "The Carpenters __knowledge__ 1946).", "The Carpenters __knowledge__ They produced a distinct soft musical style, combining Karen's contralto vocals with Richard's arranging and composition skills.", "The Carpenters __knowledge__ During their 14-year career, the Carpenters recorded ten albums, along with numerous singles and several television specials.", "The Carpenters __knowledge__ The siblings were born in New Haven, Connecticut, and moved to Downey, California, in 1963.", "The Carpenters __knowledge__ Richard took piano lessons as a child, progressing to California State University, Long Beach, while Karen learned the drums.", "The Carpenters __knowledge__ They first performed together as a duo in 1965 and formed the jazz-oriented Richard Carpenter Trio followed by the middle-of-the-road group Spectrum.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Music technology __knowledge__ Music technology is the use of any device, mechanism, machine or tool by a musician or composer to make or perform music; to compose, notate, play back or record songs or pieces; or to analyze or edit music.", "Music technology __knowledge__ The earliest known applications of technology to music was prehistoric peoples' use of a tool to hand-drill holes in bones to make simple flutes.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians developed stringed instruments, such as harps, lyres and lutes, which required making thin strings and some type of peg system for adjusting the pitch of the strings.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians also used wind instruments such as double clarinets and percussion instruments such as cymbals.", "Fortepiano __knowledge__ A fortepiano is an early piano.", "Fortepiano __knowledge__ In principle, the word \"fortepiano\" can designate any piano dating from the invention of the instrument by Bartolomeo Cristofori around 1700 up to the early 19th century.", "Fortepiano __knowledge__ Most typically, however, it is used to refer to the late-18th to early-19th century instruments for which Haydn, Mozart, and the younger Beethoven wrote their piano music.", "Fortepiano __knowledge__ Starting in Beethoven's time, the fortepiano began a period of steady evolution, culminating in the late 19th century with the modern grand.", "Fortepiano __knowledge__ The earlier fortepiano became obsolete and was absent from the musical scene for many decades.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ The Romance languages (sometimes called the Romanic languages, Latin languages, or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that thus form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ Today, around 800 million people are native speakers worldwide, mainly in Europe, Africa and the Americas, but also elsewhere.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ Additionally, the major Romance languages have many non-native speakers and are in widespread use as lingua francas.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ This is especially the case for French, which is in widespread use throughout Central and West Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius and the Maghreb.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli) or violoncello ( ; ) is a bowed, and sometimes plucked, string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.", "Cello __knowledge__ The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C, G, D and A, an octave lower than the viola.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the bass member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin, viola and the double bass.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello is used as a solo musical instrument, as well as in chamber music ensembles (e.g., string quartet), string orchestras, as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras, and some types of rock bands.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the second-largest and second lowest (in pitch) bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, the double bass being the largest and having the lowest (deepest) pitch.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ It is one of the plastic arts.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Suzuki method __knowledge__ The Suzuki method is an internationally known music curriculum and teaching philosophy dating from the mid-20th century, created by Japanese violinist and pedagogue Shinichi Suzuki (1898–1998).", "Suzuki method __knowledge__ The method aims to create an environment for learning music which parallels the linguistic environment of acquiring a native language.", "Suzuki method __knowledge__ Suzuki believed that this environment would also help to foster good moral character.", "Suzuki method __knowledge__ The Suzuki Method was conceived in the mid-20th century by Suzuki, a Japanese violinist who desired to bring beauty to the lives of children in his country after the devastation of World War II.", "Music education __knowledge__ Music education is a field of study associated with the teaching and learning of music.", "Music education __knowledge__ It touches on all learning domains, including the psychomotor domain (the development of skills), the cognitive domain (the acquisition of knowledge), and, in particular and significant ways, the affective domain (the learner's willingness to receive, internalize, and share what is learned), including music appreciation and sensitivity.", "Music education __knowledge__ Music training from preschool through post-secondary education is common in most nations because involvement with music is considered a fundamental component of human culture and behavior.", "Shinichi Suzuki (violinist) __knowledge__ Born in Nagoya, Japan in 1898, as one of twelve children, Shinichi spent his childhood working at his father's violin factory (current Suzuki Violin Co., Ltd.), putting up violin soundposts.", "Shinichi Suzuki (violinist) __knowledge__ A family friend encouraged Shinichi to study Western culture, but his father felt that it was beneath Suzuki to be a performer.", "Shinichi Suzuki (violinist) __knowledge__ He began to teach himself how to play the violin in 1916, however, after being inspired by a recording of Mischa Elman.", "Shinichi Suzuki (violinist) __knowledge__ Without access to professional instruction, he listened to recordings and tried to imitate what he heard.", "Shinichi Suzuki (violinist) __knowledge__ At the age of 26, the Marquis Tokugawa, a friend of Suzuki, persuaded his father to allow him to study in Germany, where he studied under Karl Klingler.", "Loud music __knowledge__ Loud music is music that is played at a high volume, often to the point where it disturbs others and/or causes hearing damage.", "Loud music __knowledge__ It may include music that is sung live with one or more voices, played with instruments, or broadcast with electronic media, such as radio, CD, or MP3 players.", "Loud music __knowledge__ Playing loud music that can be heard from outside of the property from where it is being played (such as a house, apartment, hotel room, or motor vehicle) is considered to be rude by many people and societies.", "Loud music __knowledge__ Among those opposed to the practice, it may result in the loss of respect and possible legal action.", "Loud music __knowledge__ But in certain contained settings, such as clubs or concerts, music is often played very loudly, but is viewed as acceptable.", "John D. Kendall __knowledge__ John D. Kendall (August 30, 1917 – January 6, 2011) was a leader in bringing the Suzuki Method to the United States.", "John D. Kendall __knowledge__ In 1959 he was presented with a grant to travel to Japan to meet Shinichi Suzuki and translate his ideas and teachings into a philosophy and pedagogy for violin teachers around the U.S. An internationally acclaimed string pedagogue, Mr. Kendall taught violin at the college level for more than 50 years and was largely responsible for bringing the Suzuki Method to the United States.", "John D. Kendall __knowledge__ Mr. Kendall received his undergraduate degree from the Oberlin Conservatory of Music in 1939, and earned a master's degree from Teachers College, Columbia University.", "Puyi __knowledge__ Puyi or Pu Yi (; 7 February 190617 October 1967), of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing dynasty.", "Puyi __knowledge__ When he was a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (; Manchu: \"gehungge yoso hūwangdi\") in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution.", "Puyi __knowledge__ From 1–12 July 1917, he was briefly restored to the throne as emperor by the warlord Zhang Xun.", "Puyi __knowledge__ In 1932 after the occupation of Manchuria, the state of Manchukuo was established by Japan, and he was chosen to become 'Emperor' of the new state using the era-name of Datong (Ta-tung).", "Music in psychological operations __knowledge__ Music has been used in psychological operations.", "Music in psychological operations __knowledge__ The term music torture is sometimes used by critics of the practice of playing loud music incessantly to prisoners or people besieged.", "Music in psychological operations __knowledge__ The United Nations and the European Court of Human Rights have banned the use of loud music in interrogations.", "Music in psychological operations __knowledge__ The term torture is sometimes used to describe the practice.", "Music in psychological operations __knowledge__ While it is acknowledged by US interrogation experts that it causes discomfort, it has also been characterized by them as causing no \"long-term effects\".", "Music in psychological operations __knowledge__ Music and sound have been usually used as part of a combination of interrogation methods, today recognized by international bodies as amounting to torture.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Piano pedals are foot-operated levers at the base of a piano which change the instrument's sound in various ways.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Modern pianos usually have three pedals, from left to right, the soft pedal (or una corda), the sostenuto pedal, and the sustaining pedal (or damper pedal).", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Some pianos omit the sostenuto pedal, or have a middle pedal with a different purpose such as a muting function also known as silent piano.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ The development of the piano's pedals is an evolution that began from the very earliest days of the piano, and continued through the late 19th century.", "Piano pedals __knowledge__ Throughout the years, the piano had as few as one modifying stop, and as many as six or more, before finally arriving at its current configuration of three.", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters seen in the American animated television series \"Frisky Dingo\".", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ Killface (real name Evelyn) (voiced by Adam Reed) is a main character of \"Frisky Dingo\".", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ A muscular, maniacal super-villain, Killface is an alien with pale white skin, red eyes, a skull-like face, and feet resembling huge clawed talons.", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ He talks with a British accent.", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ Killface does not wear clothes, nor does he appear to possess external genitalia, despite having a son, Simon.", "List of Frisky Dingo characters __knowledge__ He has superhuman healing abilities, having once survived most of his chest being blown away as well as surviving from a pipe jutting out of his lung (Which he uses to kill a seemingly incompetent doctor).", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (; May 4, 1655 – January 27, 1731) was an Italian maker of musical instruments, generally regarded as the inventor of the piano.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ The available source materials on Cristofori's life include his birth and death records, two wills, the bills he submitted to his employers, and a single interview carried out by Scipione Maffei.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ From the latter, both Maffei's notes and the published journal article are preserved.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ Cristofori was born in Padua in the Republic of Venice.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ Nothing is known of his early life.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ A tale is told that he served as an apprentice to the great violin maker Nicolò Amati, based on the appearance in a 1680 census record of a \"Christofaro Bartolomei\" living in Amati's house in Cremona." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Music education __knowledge__ Music education is a field of study associated with the teaching and learning of music.", "Music education __knowledge__ It touches on all learning domains, including the psychomotor domain (the development of skills), the cognitive domain (the acquisition of knowledge), and, in particular and significant ways, the affective domain (the learner's willingness to receive, internalize, and share what is learned), including music appreciation and sensitivity.", "Music education __knowledge__ Music training from preschool through post-secondary education is common in most nations because involvement with music is considered a fundamental component of human culture and behavior.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Music education in the United States __knowledge__ Music education in the United States can be traced through historical documentation to the colonial era.", "Music education in the United States __knowledge__ Among the Native Americans prior to European and African settlement, music education was entirely oral.", "Music education in the United States __knowledge__ The earliest systematic music education in the country was centered on the training of singers for Protestant church services, to lead the congregation in psalm-singing.", "Music education in the United States __knowledge__ In the 18th century, the first singing schools in the country were founded, and a number of legendary traveling singing masters traveled New England, teaching in barns, schoolhouses and other informal locations; these masters included Francis Hopkinson and William Billings.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Suzuki method __knowledge__ The Suzuki method is an internationally known music curriculum and teaching philosophy dating from the mid-20th century, created by Japanese violinist and pedagogue Shinichi Suzuki (1898–1998).", "Suzuki method __knowledge__ The method aims to create an environment for learning music which parallels the linguistic environment of acquiring a native language.", "Suzuki method __knowledge__ Suzuki believed that this environment would also help to foster good moral character.", "Suzuki method __knowledge__ The Suzuki Method was conceived in the mid-20th century by Suzuki, a Japanese violinist who desired to bring beauty to the lives of children in his country after the devastation of World War II.", "John D. Kendall __knowledge__ John D. Kendall (August 30, 1917 – January 6, 2011) was a leader in bringing the Suzuki Method to the United States.", "John D. Kendall __knowledge__ In 1959 he was presented with a grant to travel to Japan to meet Shinichi Suzuki and translate his ideas and teachings into a philosophy and pedagogy for violin teachers around the U.S. An internationally acclaimed string pedagogue, Mr. Kendall taught violin at the college level for more than 50 years and was largely responsible for bringing the Suzuki Method to the United States.", "John D. Kendall __knowledge__ Mr. Kendall received his undergraduate degree from the Oberlin Conservatory of Music in 1939, and earned a master's degree from Teachers College, Columbia University.", "Shinichi Suzuki (violinist) __knowledge__ Born in Nagoya, Japan in 1898, as one of twelve children, Shinichi spent his childhood working at his father's violin factory (current Suzuki Violin Co., Ltd.), putting up violin soundposts.", "Shinichi Suzuki (violinist) __knowledge__ A family friend encouraged Shinichi to study Western culture, but his father felt that it was beneath Suzuki to be a performer.", "Shinichi Suzuki (violinist) __knowledge__ He began to teach himself how to play the violin in 1916, however, after being inspired by a recording of Mischa Elman.", "Shinichi Suzuki (violinist) __knowledge__ Without access to professional instruction, he listened to recordings and tried to imitate what he heard.", "Shinichi Suzuki (violinist) __knowledge__ At the age of 26, the Marquis Tokugawa, a friend of Suzuki, persuaded his father to allow him to study in Germany, where he studied under Karl Klingler.", "Karl Klingler __knowledge__ Karl Klingler (7 December 1879 - 18 March 1971) was a German violinist, concertmaster, composer, music teacher and lecturer.", "Karl Klingler __knowledge__ Karl Klingler was born in Strasbourg, at that time in Germany, the fifth of his parents' six recorded children.", "Karl Klingler __knowledge__ His father, Theodor Klingler (1845–1905), was a professional viola player who taught at the conservatory.", "Karl Klingler __knowledge__ When he was still very young Klingler was receiving violin lessons from his father, and then from his father's colleague at the conservatory, Heinrich Schuster.", "Karl Klingler __knowledge__ Klingler was performing in public from the age of just five years old.", "Karl Klingler __knowledge__ In 1897, when he concluded his schooling in Strasbourg, he relocated to Berlin where he was a student at the city's University of the Arts (\"\"Universität der Künste Berlin\"\" / UdK) where, now aged 17, he studied the violin with Joseph Joachim, an inspiring teacher and, very soon, a close personal friend.", "Natalia Grima __knowledge__ Natalia Grima is an Argentinean pianist and musical educator, born in San Miguel de Tucumán, on 1970s, living in Buenos Aires since 2004.", "Natalia Grima __knowledge__ She is the founder and chair of Suzuki Piano School in Buenos Aires , the first piano school in the city specialized in the Suzuki method.", "Natalia Grima __knowledge__ Natalia holds a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in Music from Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, from which she graduated Summa Cum Laude.", "Natalia Grima __knowledge__ Before, at Vicente Scaramuzza’s Piano School, she was educated by Oscar Buriek, Carmen Scalcione and Ana Laura Stampalia.", "Natalia Grima __knowledge__ She is a solo player, but also plays in orchestras and other musical ensembles, in Argentina, Peru, United States and Switzerland.", "Saratoga International Theater Institute __knowledge__ The Saratoga International Theater Institute (also known as SITI) is an ensemble-based theater company whose three ongoing components are the creation of new work, the training of young theater artists, and a commitment to international collaboration.", "Saratoga International Theater Institute __knowledge__ SITI was founded in 1992 by Anne Bogart and Tadashi Suzuki to redefine and revitalize contemporary theater in the United States through an emphasis on international cultural exchange and collaboration.", "Saratoga International Theater Institute __knowledge__ Originally envisioned as a summer institute in Saratoga Springs, New York, SITI has expanded to encompass a year-round program based in New York City with a summer season in Saratoga." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 7, 16 ]

[ "Are you familiar with the history of the piano? It was invented in Italy around 1700.", "That is awesome! Are you any good? Are you familiar with the piano terms such as \"soft and \"loud\"?", "I do not play. What exactly is the Suzuki method? I'm not familiar with that method.", "I do not play any musical instruments. My music education is limited only to books and visual performances." ]

[ "Piano", "Piano", "Piano", "Piano" ]

[ "Color blindness", "I only know about one kind of color blindness red-green color blindness.", "I couldn't imagine being color blind. ", "How many people are affected by color blindness?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Gene therapy for color blindness is an experimental gene therapy aiming to convert congenitally colorblind individuals to trichromats by introducing a photopigment gene that they lack.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Though partial color blindness is considered only a mild disability and is controversial whether it is even a disorder, it is a condition that affects many people, particularly males.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Complete color blindness, or achromatopsia, is very rare but more severe.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ While never demonstrated in humans, animal studies have shown that it is possible to confer color vision by injecting a gene of the missing photopigment using gene therapy.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ Color blindness, in sociology, is a concept describing the ideal of a society where racial classifications do not limit a person's opportunities, as well as the kind of deliberately race-neutral governmental policies said to promote the goal of racial equality.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ This ideal was important to the U.S. civil rights movement and international anti-racist movements of the 1950s and 1960s.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ The goal of 1960s civil-rights legislation in the United States was to remove racial discrimination and so establish a race-neutral standard.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ Martin Luther King, Jr.'s central hope was that people would someday be judged by \"the content of their character\" rather than \"the color of their skins\".", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ The Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision Test, or Munsell Vision Test, is a test of the human visual system often used to test for color blindness.", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ The system was developed by Dean Farnsworth in the 1940s and it tests the ability to isolate and arrange minute differences in various color targets with constant value and chroma that cover all the visual hues described by the Munsell color system.", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ There are several variations of the test, one featuring 100 color hues and one featuring 15 color hues.", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ Originally taken in an analog environment with physical hue tiles, the test is now taken from computer consoles.", "Green __knowledge__ Green is the color between blue and yellow on the visible spectrum.", "Green __knowledge__ It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 nm.", "Green __knowledge__ In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors.", "Green __knowledge__ By far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy.", "Color vision __knowledge__ Color vision is the ability of an organism or machine to distinguish objects based on the wavelengths (or frequencies) of the light they reflect, emit, or transmit.", "Color vision __knowledge__ Colors can be measured and quantified in various ways; indeed, a person's perception of colors is a subjective process whereby the brain responds to the stimuli that are produced when incoming light reacts with the several types of cone cells in the eye.", "Color vision __knowledge__ In essence, different people see the same illuminated object or light source in different ways.", "Color vision __knowledge__ Isaac Newton discovered that white light, after being split into its component colours when passed through a dispersive prism, could, by passing them through a different prism, be recombined to make white light.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ Achromatopsia (ACHM), also known as total color blindness, is a medical syndrome that exhibits symptoms relating to at least five conditions.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ The term may refer to acquired conditions such as cerebral achromatopsia, also known as color agnosia, but it typically refers to an autosomal recessive congenital color vision condition, the inability to perceive color and to achieve satisfactory visual acuity at high light levels (typically exterior daylight).", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ The syndrome is also present in an incomplete form which is more properly defined as dyschromatopsia.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ It is estimated to affect 1 in 40,000 live births worldwide.", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ Inattentional blindness, also known as perceptual blindness, is a psychological lack of attention that is not associated with any vision defects or deficits.", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ It may be further defined as the event in which an individual fails to perceive an unexpected stimulus that is in plain sight.", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ When it simply becomes impossible for one to attend to all the stimuli in a given situation, a temporary blindness effect can take place as a result; that is, individuals fail to see objects or stimuli that are unexpected and quite often salient.", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ The term was coined by Arien Mack and Irvin Rock in 1992 and was used as the title of their book of the same name, published by MIT press in 1998, in which they describe the discovery of the phenomenon and include a collection of procedures used in describing it." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors.", "Rockin' Dave Allen __knowledge__ David Allen Stich, a.k.a.", "Rockin' Dave Allen __knowledge__ Rockin’ Dave Allen, a.k.a.", "Rockin' Dave Allen __knowledge__ Dave Allen, (September 27, 1941 – April 28, 1985) was an American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter.", "Rockin' Dave Allen __knowledge__ Allen performed live throughout Texas and the Gulf Coast area from the late 1950s through the early 1980s.", "Rockin' Dave Allen __knowledge__ He recorded for the Jin, Eric, International Artists, Rock-a-Billy and Big Orange record labels for a total of sixteen 45 sides and two vinyl LPs.", "Rockin' Dave Allen __knowledge__ Some of this material has also appeared on compact disc anthologies by Ace Records.", "Rockin' Dave Allen __knowledge__ Approximately eighty minutes of Allen’s recordings remain unreleased.", "Rockin' Dave Allen __knowledge__ Allen was born in Houston, Texas but his family moved to Franklin, a farming and ranching community in central Texas, just before he started school.", "Racism __knowledge__ Racism is the belief in the superiority of one race over another, which often results in discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity.", "Racism __knowledge__ Today, the use of the term \"racism\" does not easily fall under a single definition.", "Racism __knowledge__ The ideology underlying racist practices often includes the idea that humans can be subdivided into distinct groups that are different due to their social behavior and their innate capacities as well as the idea that they can be ranked as inferior or superior.", "Racism __knowledge__ The Holocaust which led to the genocide of many millions of people based on an ideology of racial hierarchy is a well-known historical example of institutionalized racism, and so is the Apartheid regime in South Africa, slavery and segregation in the US.", "Racial inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Racial inequality in the United States refers to social advantages and disparities that affect different races within the United States.", "Racial inequality in the United States __knowledge__ These inequities may be manifested in the distribution of wealth, power, and life opportunities afforded to people based on their race or ethnicity, both historic and modern.", "Racial inequality in the United States __knowledge__ These can also be seen as a result of historic oppression, inequality of inheritance, or overall prejudice, especially against minority groups.", "Racial inequality in the United States __knowledge__ In social science, racial inequality is typically analyzed as \"imbalances in the distribution of power, economic resources, and opportunities.\"", "Racial inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Racial inequalities have manifested in American society in ways ranging from racial disparities in wealth, poverty rates, housing patterns, educational opportunities, unemployment rates, and incarceration rates.", "Carefree (film) __knowledge__ Carefree is a 1938 musical film starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers.", "Carefree (film) __knowledge__ With a plot similar to screwball comedies of the period, \"Carefree\" is the shortest of the Astaire-Rogers films, featuring only four musical numbers.", "Carefree (film) __knowledge__ \"Carefree\" is often remembered as the film in which Astaire and Rogers shared a long on-screen kiss at the conclusion of their dance to \"I Used to Be Color Blind,\" all previous kisses having been either quick pecks or simply implied.", "Carefree (film) __knowledge__ \"Carefree\" was a reunion for the team of Astaire and Rogers after a brief hiatus following \"Shall We Dance\" and six other previous RKO pictures.", "Traffic-light signalling and operation __knowledge__ The use of traffic lights to control the movement of traffic differs regionally and internationally in certain respects.", "Traffic-light signalling and operation __knowledge__ This article describes some of these non-universal features.", "Traffic-light signalling and operation __knowledge__ Note that the color phase commonly known as \"yellow\" is often referred to, especially in official usage, as \"amber\"; for consistency this article uses \"yellow\" throughout.", "Traffic-light signalling and operation __knowledge__ In the United States, a flashing red light is the equivalent of a stop sign.", "Traffic-light signalling and operation __knowledge__ In the United States and Australia, flashing yellow does not require traffic to stop, but drivers should exercise caution since opposing traffic may enter the intersection after stopping.", "Rotrouenge __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, the rotrouenge (Old French) or retroencha (Old Occitan) was a recognised type of lyric poetry, although no existing source defines the genre clearly.", "Rotrouenge __knowledge__ There are four conserved troubadour poems, all with refrains and three by Guiraut Riquier with music, that are labelled \"retronchas\" in the chansonniers.", "Rotrouenge __knowledge__ Six \"rotrouenges\" survive, but only one with music, and four of them are attributed to one trouvère, Gontier de Soignies.", "Rotrouenge __knowledge__ Medieval Occitan treatises state that the \"retroencha\" always has a refrain, but modern scholars have found no other distinguishing characteristic.", "Rotrouenge __knowledge__ Pioneering work in singling out and identifying the \"rotroencha\" was made by Alfred Jeanroy.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ Traffic lights, also known as traffic signals, traffic lamps, traffic semaphore, signal lights, stop lights, robots (in South Africa and most of Africa), and traffic control signals (in technical parlance), are signalling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings, and other locations to control flows of traffic.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ The world's first traffic light was short lived.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ It was a manually operated gas-lit signal installed in London in December 1868.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ It exploded less than a month after it was implemented, injuring its policeman operator.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ Traffic control started to seem necessary in the late 1890s and Earnest Sirrine from Chicago patented the first automated traffic control system in 1910.", "Roundabout __knowledge__ A roundabout, also called a traffic circle, road circle, rotary, rotunda or island, is a type of circular intersection or junction in which road traffic flows almost continuously in one direction around a central island.", "Roundabout __knowledge__ So-called \"modern\" roundabouts require entering traffic to give way to traffic already in the circle and optimally observe various design rules to increase safety.", "Roundabout __knowledge__ Compared to stop signs, traffic signals, and earlier forms of roundabouts, modern roundabouts reduce the likelihood and severity of collisions by reducing traffic speeds and minimizing T-bone and head-on collisions.", "Roundabout __knowledge__ Variations on the basic concept include integration with tram and/or train lines, two-way flow, higher speeds and many others.", "Level crossing __knowledge__ A level crossing is an intersection where a railway line crosses a road or path at the same level, as opposed to the railway line crossing over or under using a bridge or tunnel.", "Level crossing __knowledge__ The term also applies when a light rail line with separate right-of-way or reserved track crosses a road in the same fashion.", "Level crossing __knowledge__ Other names include railway level crossing, grade crossing, road through railroad, railroad crossing, train crossing, and RXR (abbreviated).", "Level crossing __knowledge__ The history of level crossings depends on the location, but often early level crossings had a flagman in a nearby booth who would, on the approach of a train, wave a red flag or lantern to stop all traffic and clear the tracks.", "Ampelmännchen __knowledge__ Ampelmännchen (; literally \"little traffic light men\", diminutive of Ampelmann ) is the symbol shown on pedestrian signals in Germany.", "Ampelmännchen __knowledge__ Prior to German reunification in 1989, the two German states had different forms for the Ampelmännchen, with a generic human figure in West Germany, and a generally \"male\" figure wearing a hat in the East.", "Ampelmännchen __knowledge__ The Ampelmännchen is a beloved symbol in Eastern Germany, \"enjoy[ing] the privileged status of being one of the few features of communist East Germany to have survived the end of the Iron Curtain with his popularity unscathed.\"", "Ampelmännchen __knowledge__ After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Ampelmännchen acquired cult status and became a popular souvenir item in the tourism business.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Males are more likely to be color blind than females, as the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ As females have two X chromosomes, a defect in one is typically compensated for by the other, while males only have one X chromosome.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve, or parts of the brain.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however a number of other testing methods also exist.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ There is no cure for color blindness.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Gene therapy for color blindness is an experimental gene therapy aiming to convert congenitally colorblind individuals to trichromats by introducing a photopigment gene that they lack.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Though partial color blindness is considered only a mild disability and is controversial whether it is even a disorder, it is a condition that affects many people, particularly males.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ Complete color blindness, or achromatopsia, is very rare but more severe.", "Gene therapy for color blindness __knowledge__ While never demonstrated in humans, animal studies have shown that it is possible to confer color vision by injecting a gene of the missing photopigment using gene therapy.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ Color blindness, in sociology, is a concept describing the ideal of a society where racial classifications do not limit a person's opportunities, as well as the kind of deliberately race-neutral governmental policies said to promote the goal of racial equality.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ This ideal was important to the U.S. civil rights movement and international anti-racist movements of the 1950s and 1960s.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ The goal of 1960s civil-rights legislation in the United States was to remove racial discrimination and so establish a race-neutral standard.", "Color blindness (race) __knowledge__ Martin Luther King, Jr.'s central hope was that people would someday be judged by \"the content of their character\" rather than \"the color of their skins\".", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ The Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision Test, or Munsell Vision Test, is a test of the human visual system often used to test for color blindness.", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ The system was developed by Dean Farnsworth in the 1940s and it tests the ability to isolate and arrange minute differences in various color targets with constant value and chroma that cover all the visual hues described by the Munsell color system.", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ There are several variations of the test, one featuring 100 color hues and one featuring 15 color hues.", "Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test __knowledge__ Originally taken in an analog environment with physical hue tiles, the test is now taken from computer consoles.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ Achromatopsia (ACHM), also known as total color blindness, is a medical syndrome that exhibits symptoms relating to at least five conditions.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ The term may refer to acquired conditions such as cerebral achromatopsia, also known as color agnosia, but it typically refers to an autosomal recessive congenital color vision condition, the inability to perceive color and to achieve satisfactory visual acuity at high light levels (typically exterior daylight).", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ The syndrome is also present in an incomplete form which is more properly defined as dyschromatopsia.", "Achromatopsia __knowledge__ It is estimated to affect 1 in 40,000 live births worldwide.", "Color vision __knowledge__ Color vision is the ability of an organism or machine to distinguish objects based on the wavelengths (or frequencies) of the light they reflect, emit, or transmit.", "Color vision __knowledge__ Colors can be measured and quantified in various ways; indeed, a person's perception of colors is a subjective process whereby the brain responds to the stimuli that are produced when incoming light reacts with the several types of cone cells in the eye.", "Color vision __knowledge__ In essence, different people see the same illuminated object or light source in different ways.", "Color vision __knowledge__ Isaac Newton discovered that white light, after being split into its component colours when passed through a dispersive prism, could, by passing them through a different prism, be recombined to make white light.", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ Inattentional blindness, also known as perceptual blindness, is a psychological lack of attention that is not associated with any vision defects or deficits.", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ It may be further defined as the event in which an individual fails to perceive an unexpected stimulus that is in plain sight.", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ When it simply becomes impossible for one to attend to all the stimuli in a given situation, a temporary blindness effect can take place as a result; that is, individuals fail to see objects or stimuli that are unexpected and quite often salient.", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ The term was coined by Arien Mack and Irvin Rock in 1992 and was used as the title of their book of the same name, published by MIT press in 1998, in which they describe the discovery of the phenomenon and include a collection of procedures used in describing it.", "ADAPT __knowledge__ ADAPT is a grassroots United States disability rights organization with chapters in 30 states.", "ADAPT __knowledge__ It is part of the militant wing of the disability rights movement due to its use of nonviolent direct action in order to bring attention and awareness to the lack of civil rights the disability community has.", "ADAPT __knowledge__ ADAPT strategies include using civil disobedience if necessary as a tool to gain public attention, so that they can change laws, policies, and services affecting persons with disabilities.", "ADAPT __knowledge__ ADAPT also now practices legislative policy advocacy, grassroots education and mobilization, and individual members may engage in legal advocacy, as in the case of individual ADAPT members suing the Chicago Transit Authority in the 1980s.", "Global warming controversy __knowledge__ The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be.", "Global warming controversy __knowledge__ In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.", "Global warming controversy __knowledge__ No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions.", "An Inconvenient Truth __knowledge__ An Inconvenient Truth is a 2006 American documentary film directed by Davis Guggenheim about former United States Vice President Al Gore's campaign to educate citizens about global warming via a comprehensive slide show that, by his own estimate made in the film, he has given more than a thousand times.", "An Inconvenient Truth __knowledge__ The idea to document his efforts came from producer Laurie David, who saw his presentation at a town-hall meeting on global warming, which coincided with the opening of \"The Day After Tomorrow\".", "An Inconvenient Truth __knowledge__ Laurie David was so inspired by Gore's slide show that she, with producer Lawrence Bender, met with Guggenheim to adapt the presentation into a film.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of television show franchises __knowledge__ The following is a list of television series franchises.", "List of television show franchises __knowledge__ Some of these franchises are formats that are adapted internationally; others are a series of connected programs set within the same fictional universe.", "List of television show franchises __knowledge__ Original name: Till Death Us Do Part Origin: United Kingdom Date started: 1965 Date ended: 1975 Creator: Johnny Speight \"(Norman Lear is credited as \"creator\" in U.S. adaptation and most U.S. spinoffs)\" First network to broadcast: BBC One First network to adapt: United States Related series (UK): \"The Thoughts of Chairman Alf\" Related series (US): \"Maude\", \"The Jeffersons\", \"Gloria\", \"704 Hauser\" Second-generation related series (US): \"Good Times\", \"Checking In\" Original name: Bewitched Origin: United States Date started: 1964 Date ended: 1972 Creator: Sol Saks First network to broadcast: ABC First country to adapt: India (2002) Original name: Cheers Origin: United States Date started: September 30, 1982 Date ended: May 20, 1993 Creator(s): James Burrows, Glen Charles, Les Charles First network to broadcast: NBC Related series: \"The Tortellis\", \"Frasier\" Original name: The Cosby Show Origin: United States Date started: September 20, 1984 Date ended: July 9, 1992 Creator(s): Ed.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ It is the first film in the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy and the beginning of the \"Star Wars\" franchise.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film's plot focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ This conflict disrupts the isolated life of farmhand Luke Skywalker (Hamill), who inadvertently acquires two droids that possess stolen architectural plans for the Death Star.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ Since the arrival of early social networking sites in the early 2000s, online social networking platforms have expanded exponentially, with the biggest names in social media in the mid-2010s being Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and SnapChat.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The massive influx of personal information that has become available online and stored in the cloud has put user privacy at the forefront of discussion of the databases ability to safely store such personal information.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The extent to which users and social media platform administrators can access user profiles has become a new topic of ethical consideration and the legality, awareness and boundaries of subsequent privacy violations are critical concerns in the advance of the technological age." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 4, 11 ]

[ "Do you know much about color blindness? It can make life activities difficult", "That can make a lot of things difficult, like buying fruit, reading traffic lights, and picking clothes!", "For a lot of people, the issue is minor and people can adapt over time", "That much I do not know, but whoever it affects is stuck since there is no cure for color blindness" ]

[ "Color blindness", "Color blindness", "Color blindness", "Color blindness" ]

[ "Reading (process)", "I love to read too. Do you prefer novels or poetry?", "Yes, many classic novels are still very relevant today! I like suspense novels. James Patterson is one of my favorites. Have you read any of his work?", "That's sounds like a good choice! I think it's about a dystopian society. Those types of stories are interesting. Who is your favorite author?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Italian literature is written in the Italian language, particularly within Italy.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ It may also refer to literature written by Italians or in Italy in other languages spoken in Italy, often languages that are closely related to modern Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ An early example of Italian literature is the tradition of vernacular lyric poetry performed in Occitan, which reached Italy by the end of the 12th century.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ In 1230, the Sicilian School is notable for being the first style in standard Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest of Italian poets, is notable for his \"Divine Comedy\".", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Petrarch did classical research and wrote lyric poetry.", "Occitan literature __knowledge__ Occitan literature (referred to in older texts as Provençal literature) is a body of texts written in Occitan, mostly in the south of France.", "Occitan literature __knowledge__ It was the first literature in a Romance language and inspired the rise of vernacular literature throughout medieval Europe.", "Occitan literature __knowledge__ Occitan literature's Golden Age was in the 12th century, when a rich and complex body of lyrical poetry was produced by troubadours writing in Old Occitan, which still survives to this day.", "Occitan literature __knowledge__ Although Catalan is considered by some a variety of Occitan, this article will not deal with Catalan literature, which started diverging from its Southern French counterpart in the late 13th century.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ The romance novel or romantic novel discussed in this article is the mass-market literary genre.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Novels of this type of genre fiction place their primary focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and must have an \"emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending.\"", "Romance novel __knowledge__ There are many subgenres of the romance novel including fantasy, historical romance, paranormal fiction, and science fiction.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined the literary fiction form of romance as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\".", "Romance novel __knowledge__ A thriving genre of works conventionally referred to as \"romance novels\" existed in ancient Greece.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ On March 21, 1890, at a conference dedicated to the during the last civil war, Miguel de Unamuno delivered a lecture titled \"La última guerra carlista como materia poética\".", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ It was probably the first ever attempt to examine the Carlist motive in literature, as for the previous 57 years the subject had been increasingly present in poetry, drama and novel.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ However, it remains paradoxical that when Unamuno was offering his analysis, the period of great Carlist role in letters was just about to begin.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ It lasted for some quarter of a century, as until the late 1910s Carlism remained a key theme of numerous monumental works of Spanish literature.", "Restoration literature __knowledge__ Restoration literature is the English literature written during the historical period commonly referred to as the English Restoration (1660–1689), which corresponds to the last years of the direct Stuart reign in England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland.", "Restoration literature __knowledge__ In general, the term is used to denote roughly homogeneous styles of literature that center on a celebration of or reaction to the restored court of Charles II.", "Restoration literature __knowledge__ It is a literature that includes extremes, for it encompasses both \"Paradise Lost\" and the Earl of Rochester's \"Sodom\", the high-spirited sexual comedy of \"The Country Wife\" and the moral wisdom of \"The Pilgrim's Progress\".", "American literature __knowledge__ American literature is literature written or produced in the United States and its preceding colonies (for specific discussions of poetry and theater, see Poetry of the United States and Theater in the United States).", "American literature __knowledge__ Before the founding of the United States, the British colonies on the eastern coast of the present-day United States were heavily influenced by English literature.", "American literature __knowledge__ The American literary tradition thus began as part of the broader tradition of English literature.", "American literature __knowledge__ The revolutionary period is notable for the political writings of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine.", "American literature __knowledge__ Thomas Jefferson's United States Declaration of Independence solidified his status as a key American writer.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Bereshit, Bereishit, Bereishis, B'reshith, Beresheet, or Bereishees ( – Hebrew for \"in the beginning,\" the first word in the parashah) is the first weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah consists of In the parashah, God creates the world, and Adam and Eve.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ They eat fruit that God had forbidden them, and God expels them from the Garden of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ One of their sons, Cain, becomes the first murderer, killing his brother Abel out of jealousy.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam, Eve, and Cain are cast out of paradise to East of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam and Eve have other children, whose descendants populate the Earth, but each generation becomes more and more degenerate until God, despairing, decides to destroy humanity.", "Eikev __knowledge__ Eikev, Ekev, Ekeb, Aikev, or Eqeb ( — Hebrew for \"if [you follow],\" the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 46th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Eikev __knowledge__ It comprises The parashah tells of the blessings of obedience to God and the dangers of forgetting God, directions for taking the Land of Israel.", "Eikev __knowledge__ Moses recalls the making and re-making of the Tablets of Stone, the incident of the Golden Calf, Aaron's death, the Levites' duties, and exhortations to serve God.", "Eikev __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 6,865 Hebrew letters, 1,747 Hebrew words, and 111 verses, and can occupy about 232 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Sarah Bernhardt __knowledge__ Sarah Bernhardt (; 22 or 23 October 1844 – 26 March 1923) was a French stage actress who starred in some of the most popular French plays of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including \"La Dame Aux Camelias\" by Alexandre Dumas, \"fils\", \"Ruy Blas\" by Victor Hugo, \"Fédora\" and \"La Tosca\" by Victorien Sardou, and \"L'Aiglon\" by Edmond Rostand.", "Sarah Bernhardt __knowledge__ She also played male roles, including Shakespeare's Hamlet.", "Sarah Bernhardt __knowledge__ Rostand called her \"the queen of the pose and the princess of the gesture\", while Hugo praised her \"golden voice\".", "Sarah Bernhardt __knowledge__ She made several theatrical tours around the world, and was one of the first prominent actresses to make sound recordings and to act in motion pictures.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ The 53rd Disney animated feature film, the film is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naïve snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ \"Frozen\" underwent several story treatments for years before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, who also co-directed with Chris Buck.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (; ; 26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ From 1929 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at the University of Cambridge.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ During his lifetime he published just one slim book, the 75-page \"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus\" (1921), one article, one book review and a children's dictionary.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ His voluminous manuscripts were edited and published posthumously.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ \"Philosophical Investigations\" appeared as a book in 1953, and has since come to be recognised as one of the most important works of philosophy in the twentieth century.", "Get This __knowledge__ Get This was an Australian radio comedy show which aired on Triple M and was hosted by Tony Martin and Ed Kavalee, with contributions from panel operator, Richard Marsland.", "Get This __knowledge__ A different guest co-host was featured nearly every day on the show and included music played throughout.", "Get This __knowledge__ On the 15 October 2007 episode, the \"Get This\" team announced that Triple M/Austereo would not be renewing the show for 2008.", "Get This __knowledge__ The final broadcast was on 23 November 2007.", "Get This __knowledge__ During its lifetime and since its cancellation, \"Get This\" developed a strong cult following.", "Get This __knowledge__ \"Get This\" featured a different guest co-host (both local and international) nearly every day, with Australian comedians, musicians, writers, actors, and old Triple M/EON FM DJs making regular appearances." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ The romance novel or romantic novel discussed in this article is the mass-market literary genre.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Novels of this type of genre fiction place their primary focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and must have an \"emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending.\"", "Romance novel __knowledge__ There are many subgenres of the romance novel including fantasy, historical romance, paranormal fiction, and science fiction.", "Romance novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined the literary fiction form of romance as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\".", "Romance novel __knowledge__ A thriving genre of works conventionally referred to as \"romance novels\" existed in ancient Greece.", "Mary Higgins Clark __knowledge__ Mary Theresa Eleanor Higgins Clark Conheeney (née Higgins; born December 24, 1927), known professionally as Mary Higgins Clark, is an American author of suspense novels.", "Mary Higgins Clark __knowledge__ Each of her 51 books has been a bestseller in the United States and various European countries, and all of her novels remained in print as of 2015, with her debut suspense novel, \"Where Are the Children\", in its seventy-fifth printing.", "Mary Higgins Clark __knowledge__ Higgins Clark began writing at an early age.", "Mary Higgins Clark __knowledge__ After several years working as a secretary and copy editor, she spent a year as a stewardess for Pan-American Airlines before leaving her job to marry and start a family.", "James Patterson __knowledge__ James Brendan Patterson (born March 22, 1947) is an American author and philanthropist.", "James Patterson __knowledge__ Among his works are the \"Alex Cross\", \"Michael Bennett\", \"Women's Murder Club\", \"Maximum Ride\", \"Daniel X\", \"NYPD Red\", \"Witch and Wizard\", and \"Private\" series, as well as many stand-alone thrillers, non-fiction and romance novels.", "James Patterson __knowledge__ His books have sold more than 300 million copies and he was the first person to sell 1 million e-books.", "James Patterson __knowledge__ In 2016, Patterson topped \"Forbes\" list of highest-paid authors for the third consecutive year, with an income of $95 million.", "James Patterson __knowledge__ His total income over a decade is estimated at $700 million.", "Maximum Ride __knowledge__ Maximum Ride is a series of young adult fantasy novels by the author James Patterson, with a manga adaptation published by Yen Press.", "Maximum Ride __knowledge__ The series is centered on the adventures of Maximum \"Max\" Ride and her friends, called the Flock, who are human-avian hybrids born with wings after being experimented on at a lab called The School.", "Maximum Ride __knowledge__ The series was inspired by but is not a reboot of Patterson's earlier novels \"When the Wind Blows\" and \"The Lake House\".", "Maximum Ride __knowledge__ The first book in the series by James Patterson gives an overview of the Flock: Maximum Ride (the leader), Fang, Iggy, Nudge, Gasman, and Angel.", "Maximum Ride __knowledge__ These children, ages 6 through 14, are far from normal.", "Mystery film __knowledge__ A mystery film is a genre of film that revolves around the solution of a problem or a crime.", "Mystery film __knowledge__ It focuses on the efforts of the detective, private investigator or amateur sleuth to solve the mysterious circumstances of an issue by means of clues, investigation, and clever deduction.", "Mystery film __knowledge__ The plot often centers on the deductive ability, prowess, confidence, or diligence of the detective as they attempt to unravel the crime or situation by piecing together clues and circumstances, seeking evidence, interrogating witnesses, and tracking down a criminal.", "Mystery film __knowledge__ Suspense is often maintained as an important plot element.", "Nora Roberts __knowledge__ Nora Roberts (born Eleanor Marie Robertson on October 10, 1950) is an American bestselling author of more than 225 romance novels.", "Nora Roberts __knowledge__ She writes as J. D. Robb for the \"in Death\" series, and has also written under the pseudonyms Jill March and for publications in the U.K. as Sarah Hardesty.", "Nora Roberts __knowledge__ Nora Roberts was the first author to be inducted into the Romance Writers of America Hall of Fame.", "Nora Roberts __knowledge__ As of 2011, her novels had spent a combined 861 weeks on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list, including 176 weeks in the number-one spot.", "Nora Roberts __knowledge__ Roberts was born on October 10, 1950 in Silver Spring, Maryland, the youngest of five children.", "Australia at the 1998 Winter Paralympics __knowledge__ The 1998 Winter Paralympics were held in Nagano, Japan from the 5–14 March 1998.", "Australia at the 1998 Winter Paralympics __knowledge__ At the Games, Australia was represented by four male alpine skiers.", "Australia at the 1998 Winter Paralympics __knowledge__ Australia finished equal 16th (with Denmark) of 21 Nations on the overall medal tally.", "Australia at the 1998 Winter Paralympics __knowledge__ James Patterson, an LW9 standing skier, won Australia's two medals - one gold and one bronze.", "Australia at the 1998 Winter Paralympics __knowledge__ After great performances at the Nagano 1998 Winter Paralympic Games, together with several world championships, Australia's reputation as a leading Paralympic nation increased considerably.", "Australia at the 1998 Winter Paralympics __knowledge__ The Australian public started to embrace the Paralympic Athletes for what they truly are, elite athletes.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European settlements from the start of colonization in the early 16th century until their incorporation into the United States of America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ In the late 16th century, England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands launched major colonization programs in eastern North America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Small early attempts sometimes disappeared, such as the English Lost Colony of Roanoke.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Everywhere, the death rate was very high among the first arrivals.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Nevertheless, successful colonies were established within several decades.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ European settlers came from a variety of social and religious groups, including adventurers, soldiers, farmers, and tradesmen, and some from the aristocracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Thirteen Colonies __knowledge__ The Thirteen Colonies were a group of British colonies on the east coast of North America founded in the 17th and 18th centuries that declared independence in 1776 and formed the United States of America.", "Thirteen Colonies __knowledge__ The Thirteen Colonies had very similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, and were dominated by Protestant English-speakers.", "Thirteen Colonies __knowledge__ They were part of Britain's possessions in the New World, which also included colonies in Canada and the Caribbean, as well as East and West Florida.", "Thirteen Colonies __knowledge__ In the 18th century, the British government operated its colonies under a policy of mercantilism, in which the central government administered its possessions for the economic benefit of the mother country.", "George Wendt __knowledge__ George Robert Wendt III (born October 17, 1948) is an American actor and comedian, best known for the role of Norm Peterson on the television show \"Cheers\".", "George Wendt __knowledge__ Wendt was born in the Beverly neighborhood on the southwest side of Chicago, Illinois, the son of Loretta Mary (née Howard) and George Robert Wendt, a navy officer and realtor.", "George Wendt __knowledge__ His maternal grandfather was photographer Tom Howard.", "George Wendt __knowledge__ He attended Campion High School in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin.", "George Wendt __knowledge__ He was expelled from the University of Notre Dame after he received a 0.00 GPA the first semester of his junior year.", "George Wendt __knowledge__ He later attended the Jesuit Rockhurst College in Kansas City, Missouri, where he graduated with a B.A.", "Seven Years' War __knowledge__ The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.", "Seven Years' War __knowledge__ It involved every European great power of the time and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines.", "Seven Years' War __knowledge__ The conflict split Europe into two coalitions, led by the Kingdom of Great Britain (including Prussia, Portugal, Hanover, and other small German states) on one side and the Kingdom of France (including the Austrian-led Holy Roman Empire, the Russian Empire, Bourbon Spain, and Sweden) on the other.", "Seven Years' War __knowledge__ Meanwhile, in India, the Mughal Empire, with the support of the French, tried to crush a British attempt to conquer Bengal.", "American literature __knowledge__ American literature is literature written or produced in the United States and its preceding colonies (for specific discussions of poetry and theater, see Poetry of the United States and Theater in the United States).", "American literature __knowledge__ Before the founding of the United States, the British colonies on the eastern coast of the present-day United States were heavily influenced by English literature.", "American literature __knowledge__ The American literary tradition thus began as part of the broader tradition of English literature.", "American literature __knowledge__ The revolutionary period is notable for the political writings of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine.", "American literature __knowledge__ Thomas Jefferson's United States Declaration of Independence solidified his status as a key American writer.", "Postcolonial literature __knowledge__ Postcolonial literature is the literature of countries that were colonised, mainly by European countries.", "Postcolonial literature __knowledge__ It exists on all continents except Antarctica.", "Postcolonial literature __knowledge__ Postcolonial literature often addresses the problems and consequences of the decolonization of a country, especially questions relating to the political and cultural independence of formerly subjugated people, and themes such as racialism and colonialism.", "Postcolonial literature __knowledge__ A range of literary theory has evolved around the subject.", "Postcolonial literature __knowledge__ Migrant literature and postcolonial literature show some considerable overlap.", "Postcolonial literature __knowledge__ However, not all migration takes place in a colonial setting, and not all postcolonial literature deals with migration." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Moxyland __knowledge__ Moxyland is a cyberpunk dystopian novel written by South African author, Lauren Beukes.", "Moxyland __knowledge__ The book was published in 2008.", "Moxyland __knowledge__ \"Moxyland\" is narrated by four different characters, and each chapter focuses on one of the narrators and her or his own experience living in near futuristic Cape Town, South Africa and under an oppressive and pervasive government and media.", "Moxyland __knowledge__ Overall, \"Moxyland\" was well received.", "Moxyland __knowledge__ It was nominated for Sunday Times Fiction Prize.", "Moxyland __knowledge__ Lauren Beukes dives into the lives of four main characters to exemplify the wide spectrum of social hierarchies that reside in Moxyland.", "Moxyland __knowledge__ Through these four characters, Beukes illustrates a society where technology rules with an iron fist and in doing so shows the limitations of freedom.", "Feminist science fiction __knowledge__ Feminist science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction (abbreviated \"SF\") focused on theories that include but are not limited to gender inequality, sexuality, race, economics, and reproduction.", "Feminist science fiction __knowledge__ Feminist SF is political because of its tendency to critique the dominant culture.", "Feminist science fiction __knowledge__ Some of the most notable feminist science fiction works have illustrated these themes using utopias to explore a society in which gender differences or gender power imbalances do not exist, or dystopias to explore worlds in which gender inequalities are intensified, thus asserting a need for feminist work to continue.", "Feminist science fiction __knowledge__ Feminist science fiction (SF) distinguishes between \"female\" SF authors and \"feminist\" SF authors.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "Science fiction __knowledge__ It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ We () is a dystopian novel by Russian writer Yevgeny Zamyatin, completed in 1921.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ The novel was first published in 1924 by E. P. Dutton in New York in an English translation by Gregory Zilboorg.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ The novel describes a world of harmony and conformity within a united totalitarian state.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ \"We\" is set in the future.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ D-503, a spacecraft engineer, lives in the One State, an urban nation constructed almost entirely of glass, which assists mass surveillance.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ The structure of the state is Panopticon-like, and life is scientifically managed F. W. Taylor-style.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ People march in step with each other and are uniformed.", "Dystopia __knowledge__ A dystopia (from the Greek δυσ- and τόπος, alternatively, cacotopia, kakotopia, or simply anti-utopia) is a community or society that is undesirable or frightening.", "Dystopia __knowledge__ It is translated as \"not-good place\" and is an antonym of utopia, a term that was coined by Sir Thomas More and figures as the title of his best known work, \"Utopia\", published 1516, a blueprint for an ideal society with minimal crime, violence and poverty.", "Dystopia __knowledge__ Dystopian societies appear in many artistic works, particularly in stories set in the future.", "Dystopia __knowledge__ Some of the most famous examples are George Orwell's \"1984\" and Aldous Huxley's \"Brave New World\".", "Transhumanism __knowledge__ Transhumanism (abbreviated as H+ or h+) is an international intellectual movement that aims to transform the human condition by developing and making widely available sophisticated technologies to greatly enhance human intellect and physiology.", "Transhumanism __knowledge__ Transhumanist thinkers study the potential benefits and dangers of emerging technologies that could overcome fundamental human limitations as well as ethical limitations of using such technologies.", "Transhumanism __knowledge__ The most common transhumanist thesis is that human beings may eventually be able to transform themselves into different beings with abilities so greatly expanded from the current condition as to merit the label of posthuman beings.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ The fictional Land of Oz is a magical country first introduced in the classic children's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900).", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ Oz consists of four vast quadrants, the Gillikin Country in the north, Quadling Country in the south, Munchkin Country in the east and Winkie Country in the west.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ Each province has its own ruler, but the realm itself has always been ruled by a single monarch.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ After The Marvelous Land of Oz, this monarch is Princess Ozma.", "Land of Oz __knowledge__ Originally, Baum did not intend for \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" to have any sequels, but it achieved a greater popularity than any of the other fairylands he created, including the land of Merryland in Baum's children's novel \"Dot and Tot in Merryland\", written a year later.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Witches (Discworld) __knowledge__ A major subset of the \"Discworld\" novels of Terry Pratchett involves the witches of Lancre.", "Witches (Discworld) __knowledge__ They are closely based on witches in British folklore and a slightly tongue-in-cheek reinterpretation of the Triple Goddess.", "Witches (Discworld) __knowledge__ Witch magic is very different from the wizard magic taught in the Unseen University, and consists largely of finding the right lever that makes everything else work.", "Witches (Discworld) __knowledge__ Witches rarely do any magic, in fact, relying more on common sense, hard work, and a peculiar brand of psychology known as \"headology\".", "Witches (Discworld) __knowledge__ This can be taken very far - a witch's way of magically setting fire to a log of wood consists of staring at the log until it burns up from pure embarrassment.", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ Writer J. K. Rowling cites several writers as influences in her creation of her bestselling \"Harry Potter\" series.", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ Writers, journalists and critics have noted that the books also have a number of analogues; a wide range of literature, both classical and modern, which Rowling has not openly cited as influences.", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ This article is divided into three sections.", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ The first section lists those authors and books which Rowling has suggested as possible influences on \"Harry Potter\".", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ The second section deals with those books which Rowling has cited as favourites without mentioning possible influences.", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ The third section deals with those analogues which Rowling has not cited either as influences or as favourites but which others have claimed bear comparison with \"Harry Potter\".", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Religious debates over the \"Harry Potter\" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Supporters of the series have said that the magic in \"Harry Potter\" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as \"Cinderella\" and \"Snow White\", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the \"Harry Potter\" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Wicked (musical) __knowledge__ Wicked is a Broadway musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Schwartz and book by Winnie Holzman.", "Wicked (musical) __knowledge__ It is based on the 1995 Gregory Maguire novel \"\", an alternative telling of the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\" and L. Frank Baum's classic 1900 novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\".", "Wicked (musical) __knowledge__ The musical is told from the perspective of the witches of the Land of Oz; its plot begins before and continues after Dorothy's arrival in Oz from Kansas, and it includes several references to the 1939 film and Baum's novel.", "Wicked (musical) __knowledge__ \"Wicked\" tells the story of two unlikely friends, Elphaba (the Wicked Witch of the West) and Galinda (whose name later changes to Glinda the Good Witch), who struggle through opposing personalities and viewpoints, rivalry over the same love-interest, reactions to the Wizard's corrupt government and, ultimately, Elphaba's public fall from grace." ] ]

[ 0, 37, 21, 0 ]

[ "I love to read, I do it nearly every day.", "Definetly novels. There is so many good things out there, even back when we were influenced by the british colonies. ", "I've actually never read his work but I have heard good things. I think Witch and Wizard sound really good.", "Ever would be Micheal Chriton. " ]

[ "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)" ]

[ "Ohio\ni love the fact that ohio was the first place in america to have traffic lights", "its a great place too visit ohio, the lakes are a wonderful place to go camping!", "its wonderful, i have a small egg farm there, couldn't ask for more. Do you do much travelling?", "thats right, chicken eggs... you should definitely add ohio to your travel itinerary :-)", "wow! interesting... but be terrible to have an egg allergy... So many recipes have eggs... I was going to go all forest gump then and start listing egg dishes lol" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The state takes its name from the Ohio River.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The name originated from the Seneca language word \" ohiːyo\"', meaning \"great river\" or \"large creek\".", "Ohio __knowledge__ Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is historically known as the \"Buckeye State\" after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as \"Buckeyes\".", "Ohio __knowledge__ The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the state Supreme Court.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio derives from Seneca (an Iroquois language) as their name for the Ohio River/ Alleghany River, \"Ohi:yo\".", "Traffic light __knowledge__ Traffic lights, also known as traffic signals, traffic lamps, traffic semaphore, signal lights, stop lights, robots (in South Africa and most of Africa), and traffic control signals (in technical parlance), are signalling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings, and other locations to control flows of traffic.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ The world's first traffic light was short lived.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ It was a manually operated gas-lit signal installed in London in December 1868.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ It exploded less than a month after it was implemented, injuring its policeman operator.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ Traffic control started to seem necessary in the late 1890s and Earnest Sirrine from Chicago patented the first automated traffic control system in 1910.", "Traffic-light signalling and operation __knowledge__ The use of traffic lights to control the movement of traffic differs regionally and internationally in certain respects.", "Traffic-light signalling and operation __knowledge__ This article describes some of these non-universal features.", "Traffic-light signalling and operation __knowledge__ Note that the color phase commonly known as \"yellow\" is often referred to, especially in official usage, as \"amber\"; for consistency this article uses \"yellow\" throughout.", "Traffic-light signalling and operation __knowledge__ In the United States, a flashing red light is the equivalent of a stop sign.", "Traffic-light signalling and operation __knowledge__ In the United States and Australia, flashing yellow does not require traffic to stop, but drivers should exercise caution since opposing traffic may enter the intersection after stopping.", "Roundabout __knowledge__ A roundabout, also called a traffic circle, road circle, rotary, rotunda or island, is a type of circular intersection or junction in which road traffic flows almost continuously in one direction around a central island.", "Roundabout __knowledge__ So-called \"modern\" roundabouts require entering traffic to give way to traffic already in the circle and optimally observe various design rules to increase safety.", "Roundabout __knowledge__ Compared to stop signs, traffic signals, and earlier forms of roundabouts, modern roundabouts reduce the likelihood and severity of collisions by reducing traffic speeds and minimizing T-bone and head-on collisions.", "Roundabout __knowledge__ Variations on the basic concept include integration with tram and/or train lines, two-way flow, higher speeds and many others.", "Ampelmännchen __knowledge__ Ampelmännchen (; literally \"little traffic light men\", diminutive of Ampelmann ) is the symbol shown on pedestrian signals in Germany.", "Ampelmännchen __knowledge__ Prior to German reunification in 1989, the two German states had different forms for the Ampelmännchen, with a generic human figure in West Germany, and a generally \"male\" figure wearing a hat in the East.", "Ampelmännchen __knowledge__ The Ampelmännchen is a beloved symbol in Eastern Germany, \"enjoy[ing] the privileged status of being one of the few features of communist East Germany to have survived the end of the Iron Curtain with his popularity unscathed.\"", "Ampelmännchen __knowledge__ After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Ampelmännchen acquired cult status and became a popular souvenir item in the tourism business.", "Level crossing __knowledge__ A level crossing is an intersection where a railway line crosses a road or path at the same level, as opposed to the railway line crossing over or under using a bridge or tunnel.", "Level crossing __knowledge__ The term also applies when a light rail line with separate right-of-way or reserved track crosses a road in the same fashion.", "Level crossing __knowledge__ Other names include railway level crossing, grade crossing, road through railroad, railroad crossing, train crossing, and RXR (abbreviated).", "Level crossing __knowledge__ The history of level crossings depends on the location, but often early level crossings had a flagman in a nearby booth who would, on the approach of a train, wave a red flag or lantern to stop all traffic and clear the tracks.", "Smart traffic light __knowledge__ Smart traffic lights or Intelligent traffic lights are a vehicle traffic control system that combines traditional traffic lights with an array of sensors and artificial intelligence to intelligently route vehicle and pedestrian traffic.", "Smart traffic light __knowledge__ A technology for smart traffic signals has been developed at Carnegie Mellon University and is being used in a pilot project in Pittsburgh in an effort to reduce vehicle emissions in the city.", "Smart traffic light __knowledge__ Unlike other dynamic control signals that adjust the timing and phasing of lights according to limits that are set in controller programming, this system combines existing technology with artificial intelligence.", "Emergency vehicle lighting __knowledge__ Emergency vehicle lighting is one or more visual warning lights fitted to a vehicle for use when the driver wishes to convey to other road users the urgency of their journey, to provide additional warning of a hazard when stationary, or in the case of law enforcement as a means of signalling another driver to stop for interaction with an officer.", "Emergency vehicle lighting __knowledge__ These lights may be dedicated emergency lights, such as a beacon or a light bar, or may be modified stock lighting, such as a wig-wag or hide-away light, and are additional to any standard lighting on the car such as hazard lights.", "Emergency vehicle lighting __knowledge__ Often, they are used along with a siren (or occasionally sirens) in order to increase their effectiveness." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The state takes its name from the Ohio River.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The name originated from the Seneca language word \" ohiːyo\"', meaning \"great river\" or \"large creek\".", "Ohio __knowledge__ Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is historically known as the \"Buckeye State\" after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as \"Buckeyes\".", "Ohio __knowledge__ The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the state Supreme Court.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio derives from Seneca (an Iroquois language) as their name for the Ohio River/ Alleghany River, \"Ohi:yo\".", "Cleveland __knowledge__ Cleveland ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the state's second most-populous county.", "Cleveland __knowledge__ Located along Lake Erie, the city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, and the second-largest city in Ohio after Columbus.", "Cleveland __knowledge__ Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016.", "Cleveland __knowledge__ The city anchors the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, which had a population of 3,515,646 in 2010 and ranks 15th in the United States.", "Cleveland __knowledge__ The city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately west of the Pennsylvania state border.", "Boy's Life (novel) __knowledge__ Boy's Life is a 1991 novel by American writer Robert R. McCammon.", "Boy's Life (novel) __knowledge__ It received the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel in 1992.", "Boy's Life (novel) __knowledge__ The story is set in the early 1960s and makes observations about changes in America at that time, with particular emphasis on the Civil Rights Movement.", "Boy's Life (novel) __knowledge__ Several of the characters are connected to the Ku Klux Klan, and the segregation of the black community is dealt with in some detail.", "Boy's Life (novel) __knowledge__ In the novel, Cory Mackenson shares with the reader his experiences in the fourteenth year of his life.", "Boy's Life (novel) __knowledge__ The year begins when his father attempts to rescue a driver as his car plunges into Saxon's Lake, only to discover the man has been beaten to death.", "ImiDushane __knowledge__ The ImiDushane tribe was founded by one of the greatest Xhosa warriors Prince Mdushane who was the eldest son of Prince Ndlambe of the Rharhabe kingdom.", "ImiDushane __knowledge__ The ImiDushane are therefore a subgroup within the Xhosa nation and can be found in the Eastern Cape, South Africa where they have three Traditional Councils in Tamarha near King William's Town, Ncerha near East London and Centane in the Mnquma Local Municipality.", "ImiDushane __knowledge__ Although sometimes referred to as the ImiDushane kaNdlambe, the ImiDushane are a distinct tribe separate from the amaNdlambe, i.e.", "ImiDushane __knowledge__ the tribe of Prince Ndlambe; having been established after Mdushane succeeded his uncle Prince Cebo who had died without male successors, as the heir to the Right Hand House of Rharhabe.", "The Indian in the Cupboard __knowledge__ The Indian in the Cupboard is a low fantasy children's novel by the British writer Lynne Reid Banks, published in 1980 with illustrations by Robin Jacques (UK) and Brock Cole (US).", "The Indian in the Cupboard __knowledge__ It was adapted as a 1995 children's film under the same name.", "The Indian in the Cupboard __knowledge__ The original book was followed by four sequels: \"The Return of the Indian\" (1985); \"The Secret of the Indian\" (1989); \"The Mystery of the Cupboard\" (1993); and \"The Key to the Indian\" (1998).", "The Indian in the Cupboard __knowledge__ All were published by Doubleday Books in hardcover, then by Avon Books, now HarperCollins, in paperback.", "The Indian in the Cupboard __knowledge__ There have been multiple reprints, in various formats, including movie tie-in editions.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ Lake Erie (); is the fourth-largest lake (by surface area) of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the eleventh-largest globally if measured in terms of surface area.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ It is the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes and therefore also has the shortest average water residence time.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ At its deepest point Lake Erie is deep.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ Situated on the International Boundary between Canada and the United States, Lake Erie's northern shore is the Canadian province of Ontario, with the U.S. states of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York on its western, southern and eastern shores.", "Camp Pico Blanco __knowledge__ Camp Pico Blanco is a Boy Scout camp of about (originally ) in the interior region of Big Sur in Central California.", "Camp Pico Blanco __knowledge__ It is operated by the Silicon Valley Monterey Bay Council, a new council formed as a result of a merger between the former Santa Clara County Council and the Monterey Bay Area Council in December 2012.", "Camp Pico Blanco __knowledge__ The camp is surrounded by the Los Padres National Forest, the Ventana Wilderness, undeveloped private land owned by GraniteRock, and is located astride the pristine Little Sur River.", "Camp Pico Blanco __knowledge__ The land was donated to the Boy Scouts by William Randolph Hearst in 1948 and the camp was opened in 1955.", "Scouting in Ohio __knowledge__ Scouting in Ohio has a long history, from the 1908 to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live.", "Scouting in Ohio __knowledge__ In 1952 and again in 1975 the National Order of the Arrow Conference was held at Miami University.", "Scouting in Ohio __knowledge__ In 2016, an effort was started to consolidate councils in Northeast Ohio as of January 1, 2017.", "Scouting in Ohio __knowledge__ Heart of Ohio and Greater Western Reserve Councils' northern districts merged with Greater Cleveland Council.", "Scouting in Ohio __knowledge__ Heart of Ohio's southern districts have merged with Buckeye Council.", "Scouting in Ohio __knowledge__ Greater Western Reserve Councils southern districts have merged with Great Trail Council.", "Great Lakes __knowledge__ The Great Lakes (), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada–United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River.", "Great Lakes __knowledge__ Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or Michigan–Huron), Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume.", "Great Lakes __knowledge__ The total surface is , and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is .", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It occupies the northern central part of the United States of America.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It is located between the Northeastern U.S. and the Western U.S., with Canada to its north and the Southern U.S. to its south.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ The Census Bureau's definition consists of 12 states in the north central United States: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.", "Great Lakes region __knowledge__ The Great Lakes region of North America is a bi-national Canadian-American region that includes portions of the eight U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin as well as the Canadian province of Ontario.", "Great Lakes region __knowledge__ The region centers on the Great Lakes and forms a distinctive historical, economic, and cultural identity.", "Great Lakes region __knowledge__ A portion of the region also encompasses most of the Great Lakes Megalopolis, which extends outside the region to St. Louis, Missouri.", "Great Lakes region __knowledge__ The Great Lakes Commission, authorized by the region's American states and Province of Ontario, and the additional Canadian Province of Quebec, comprises a bi-national authority with specified powers to protect and preserve the water and environmental resources of the Great Lakes and surrounding waterways and aquifers.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ Northern Michigan, also known as Northern Lower Michigan or Upper Michigan (known colloquially to residents of more southerly parts of the state and summer residents from cities such as Chicago as \"up north\"), is a region of the U.S. state of Michigan.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ A popular tourist destination, it is home to several small- to medium-sized cities, extensive state and national forests, lakes and rivers, and a large portion of Great Lakes shoreline.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ The region has a significant seasonal population much like other regions that depend on tourism as their main industry.", "Northern Michigan __knowledge__ Northern Lower Michigan is distinct from the more northerly Upper Peninsula and Isle Royale, which, obviously, are also located in \"northern\" Michigan.", "Viral hemorrhagic septicemia __knowledge__ Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a deadly infectious fish disease caused by viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV).", "Viral hemorrhagic septicemia __knowledge__ It afflicts fish of over 50 species of freshwater and marine fish in several parts of the northern hemisphere.", "Viral hemorrhagic septicemia __knowledge__ VHS is caused by viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), different strains of which occur in different regions, and affect different species.", "Viral hemorrhagic septicemia __knowledge__ There are no signs that the disease affects human health.", "Viral hemorrhagic septicemia __knowledge__ VHS is also known as \"Egtved disease,\" and VHSV as \"Egtved virus.\"", "Viral hemorrhagic septicemia __knowledge__ Historically, VHS was associated mostly with freshwater salmonids in western Europe, documented as a pathogenic disease among cultured salmonids since the 1950s.", "African Great Lakes __knowledge__ The African Great Lakes () are a series of lakes constituting the part of the Rift Valley lakes in and around the East African Rift.", "African Great Lakes __knowledge__ They include Lake Victoria, the third-largest fresh water lake in the world by area, and Lake Tanganyika, the world's second-largest freshwater lake by volume and depth.", "African Great Lakes __knowledge__ Collectively, they contain 31,000 km (7400 cu mi) of water, which is more than either Lake Baikal or the North American Great Lakes.", "African Great Lakes __knowledge__ This total constitutes about 25% of the planet's unfrozen surface fresh water.", "African Great Lakes __knowledge__ The large rift lakes of Africa are the ancient home of great biodiversity; 10% of the world's fish species live there." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The state takes its name from the Ohio River.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The name originated from the Seneca language word \" ohiːyo\"', meaning \"great river\" or \"large creek\".", "Ohio __knowledge__ Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is historically known as the \"Buckeye State\" after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as \"Buckeyes\".", "Ohio __knowledge__ The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the state Supreme Court.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio derives from Seneca (an Iroquois language) as their name for the Ohio River/ Alleghany River, \"Ohi:yo\".", "Mercy for Animals __knowledge__ Mercy For Animals (MFA) is an international non-profit organization dedicated to preventing cruelty to farmed animals and promoting compassionate food choices and policies, founded in October 1999.", "Mercy for Animals __knowledge__ Nathan Runkle is the group's executive director and founder.", "Mercy for Animals __knowledge__ Focusing primarily on advocacy on behalf of farmed animals, MFA runs a number of campaigns that aim to educate the public on animal protection issues and to encourage them to adopt a vegan diet.", "Mercy for Animals __knowledge__ It has engaged in several undercover investigations, primarily of egg farms, and has produced television commercials showing the treatment of animals in slaughterhouses and factory farms.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ Egg, Inc is an idle clicker game which is sold by Auxbrain Inc and is available on Android and iOS devices.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ It is about a future in which eggs unlock the secrets of the universe.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ The player's goal in the game is to make the most profitable egg farm.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ The gameplay consists of a red button that can switch sizes, which includes a chicken symbol on it.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ When the button is pressed, chickens are released and therefore, money is made from their eggs that they produce.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ This money can be used to further upgrade the egg farm by doing lab research which increases the value of the eggs, the speed that they are produced, and the size of the player's distribution fleet.", "California Proposition 2 (2008) __knowledge__ Proposition 2 was a California ballot proposition in that state's general election on November 4, 2008.", "California Proposition 2 (2008) __knowledge__ It passed with 63% of the votes in favor and 37% against.", "California Proposition 2 (2008) __knowledge__ Submitted to the Secretary of State as the Prevention of Farm Animal Cruelty Act, the initiative's name (as with others such as Proposition 8) was amended to officially be known as the Standards for Confining Farm Animals initiative.", "California Proposition 2 (2008) __knowledge__ The official title of the statute enacted by the proposition is the Prevention of Farm Animal Cruelty Act.", "California Proposition 2 (2008) __knowledge__ The proposition adds a chapter to Division 20 of the California Health and Safety Code, , to prohibit the confinement of certain farm animals in a manner that does not allow them to turn around freely, lie down, stand up, and fully extend their limbs.", "Leafie, A Hen into the Wild __knowledge__ Leafie, A Hen into the Wild (), also called Daisy, A Hen into the Wild in English-speaking countries, is a 2011 South Korean animated drama film which depicts the freedom, will and instinctive motherly love of a hen as she raises an adopted duckling.", "Leafie, A Hen into the Wild __knowledge__ The film made box office history by drawing over 2.2 million viewers, the largest audience for a home-grown animated film in South Korea.", "Leafie, A Hen into the Wild __knowledge__ It also received widespread critical acclaim upon release.", "Leafie, A Hen into the Wild __knowledge__ The film is based on a well-respected and extremely popular children's book authored by Hwang Sun-mi.", "Leafie, A Hen into the Wild __knowledge__ The novel was first released in South Korea in 2000, and sold more than 1 million copies domestically.", "List of Oz characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the original sequel Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum, and in the later continued Oz series by his grandson Roger S. Baum, Ruth Plumly Thompson, John R. Neill, Jack Snow, Rachel Cosgrove Payes, Eloise Jarvis McGraw and Lauren McGraw, Dick Martin, Eric Shanower, and Sherwood Smith.", "List of Oz characters __knowledge__ Characters from Gregory Maguire's \"Wicked\" are not included, as his works, among others such as the work of March Laumer, are considered \"heretical\" in Baum scholarship (The term \"heretical\" was first applied to these books by Dr. Stephen J. Teller of Pittsburg State University in the Winter 1988 issue of \"The Baum Bugle\" and appears regularly in Oz fandom).", "Belostoma flumineum __knowledge__ Belostoma flumineum is a North American species of giant water bug (family Belostomatidae).", "Belostoma flumineum __knowledge__ They are a common predator in ponds and wetlands.", "Belostoma flumineum __knowledge__ They are relatively large, reaching in length.", "Belostoma flumineum __knowledge__ As with other species of the Belostomatidae family, the fathers take care of the offspring.", "Belostoma flumineum __knowledge__ Exclusive paternal care has been the focus of many studies done on this species.", "Belostoma flumineum __knowledge__ Other studies have been done on food webs and predation pressure using this species because they are an apex predator (among invertebrates) in their preferred habitats.", "Belostoma flumineum __knowledge__ Ovoid-elongate in body shape that is dorsoventrally flattened and brown in coloration.", "Egg drop soup __knowledge__ Egg drop soup (traditional: 蛋花湯; pinyin: dànhuātāng; literally \"egg flower soup\") is a Chinese soup of wispy beaten eggs in boiled chicken broth.", "Egg drop soup __knowledge__ Condiments such as black pepper or white pepper, and finely chopped scallions and tofu are optional, but commonly added to the soup.", "Egg drop soup __knowledge__ The soup is finished by adding a thin stream of beaten eggs to the boiling broth in the final moments of cooking, creating thin, silken strands or flakes of cooked egg that float in the soup.", "Egg drop soup __knowledge__ Egg drop soup using different recipes is known to be a simple-to-prepare soup in different East Asian and Western countries.", "Egg drop soup __knowledge__ In the United States, egg drop soup is often one of the main soups offered in American Chinese cuisine, and is also called \"egg flower soup\".", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It occupies the northern central part of the United States of America.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It is located between the Northeastern U.S. and the Western U.S., with Canada to its north and the Southern U.S. to its south.", "Midwestern United States __knowledge__ The Census Bureau's definition consists of 12 states in the north central United States: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.", "Northern Central Railway __knowledge__ The Northern Central Railway (NCRY) was a Class I Railroad connecting Baltimore, Maryland with Sunbury, Pennsylvania, along the Susquehanna River.", "Northern Central Railway __knowledge__ Completed in 1858, the line came under the control of the later Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) in 1861, when the PRR acquired a controlling interest in the Northern Central's stock to compete with the rival Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O).", "Northern Central Railway __knowledge__ For eleven decades the Northern Central operated as a subsidiary of the PRR until much of its Maryland trackage was washed out by Hurricane Agnes in 1972; after which most of its operations ceased as the Penn Central declined to repair sections.", "List of former state routes in Georgia (U.S. state) __knowledge__ This is a List of former state routes in the U.S. state of Georgia.", "List of former state routes in Georgia (U.S. state) __knowledge__ This list represents routes that traveled through the state but are no longer in operation, have been decommissioned, or have been renumbered.", "List of former state routes in Georgia (U.S. state) __knowledge__ State Route 1E (SR 1E) was a route in Floyd County extending along present-day Old Cedartown Road, Park Avenue, Maple Avenue, East Sixth Street, and 2nd Avenue from US 27/SR 1 to US 27/SR 1, as well as US 411/SR 53.", "List of former state routes in Georgia (U.S. state) __knowledge__ Originally part of US 27/SR 1, it was originally designated as SR 1 before being reassigned as SR 1E in 1955.", "List of former state routes in Georgia (U.S. state) __knowledge__ US 27/SR 1 had been relocated along former SR 1 Spur, which is present-day US 27/SR 1 from Old Cedartown Road to present-day US 411 in 1938 with the old route remaining as SR 1 through Lindale.", "German Americans __knowledge__ German Americans () are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry.", "German Americans __knowledge__ With an estimated size of approximately 44 million in 2016, German Americans are the largest of the ancestry groups reported by the US Census Bureau in its American Community Survey.", "German Americans __knowledge__ The group accounts for about one third of the total ethnic German population in the world.", "German Americans __knowledge__ None of the German states had American colonies.", "German Americans __knowledge__ In the 1670s, the first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies, settling primarily in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia.", "German Americans __knowledge__ Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with eight million arrivals from Germany.", "History of the United States __knowledge__ The history of the United States began with the settlement of Indigenous people before 10,000 BC.", "History of the United States __knowledge__ Numerous cultures formed.", "History of the United States __knowledge__ The arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 started the European colonization of the Americas.", "History of the United States __knowledge__ Most colonies formed after 1600.", "History of the United States __knowledge__ By the 1770s, thirteen British colonies contained 2.5 million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains.", "History of the United States __knowledge__ After defeating France, the British government imposed a series of new taxes after 1765, rejecting the colonists' argument that new taxes needed their approval (see Stamp Act 1765).", "History of the United States __knowledge__ Tax resistance, especially the Boston Tea Party (1773), led to punitive laws by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts.", "Elmira and Lake Ontario Railroad __knowledge__ The Elmira and Lake Ontario Railroad was a subsidiary of the Northern Central Railway and later the Pennsylvania Railroad, formed to give the Northern Central an outlet for coal traffic on Lake Ontario.", "Elmira and Lake Ontario Railroad __knowledge__ The Canandaigua and Corning Railroad Company was incorporated by a special act of the New York Legislature on May 14, 1845 to build between the two points named, and the Chemung Railroad was incorporated on the same date.", "Elmira and Lake Ontario Railroad __knowledge__ The Chemung RR was the first to finish its line, from Horseheads, on the New York and Erie Railroad, to Watkins Glen (then known as Jefferson), on Seneca Lake, in 1850.", "Elmira and Lake Ontario Railroad __knowledge__ It was operated as a branchline of the Erie, and accordingly used broad gauge.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ The history of Mexico, a country in the southern portion of North America, covers a period of more than three millennia.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ First populated more than 13,000 years ago, the territory had complex indigenous civilizations before being conquered and colonized by the Spanish in the 16th century.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ One of the important aspects of Mesoamerican civilizations was their development of a form of writing, so that Mexico's written history stretches back hundreds of years before the arrival of the Spaniards in 1519.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ This era before the arrival of Europeans is called variously the prehispanic era or the precolumbian era." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The state takes its name from the Ohio River.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The name originated from the Seneca language word \" ohiːyo\"', meaning \"great river\" or \"large creek\".", "Ohio __knowledge__ Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is historically known as the \"Buckeye State\" after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as \"Buckeyes\".", "Ohio __knowledge__ The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the state Supreme Court.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio derives from Seneca (an Iroquois language) as their name for the Ohio River/ Alleghany River, \"Ohi:yo\".", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and fish, and have been eaten by humans for thousands of years.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ The most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail are also eaten.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Fish eggs are called roe and caviar.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Due to their protein content, the United States Department of Agriculture categorizes eggs as \"Meats\" within the Food Guide Pyramid.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ Egg allergy is an immune hypersensitivity to proteins found in chicken eggs, and possibly goose, duck, or turkey eggs.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms can be either rapid or gradual in onset.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ The latter can take hours to days to appear.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ The former may include anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition which requires treatment with epinephrine.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ Other presentations may include atopic dermatitis or inflammation of the esophagus.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ In the United States, 90% of allergic responses to foods are caused by cow's milk, eggs, wheat, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and soy beans.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ The Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA) of 2004 requires that the label of a food that contains an ingredient that is or contains protein from these eight major food allergens declare the presence of the allergen in the manner described by the law.", "Bob Sadino __knowledge__ Bambang Mustari \"Bob\" Sadino (9 March 1933 – 19 January 2015) was an Indonesian businessman who was the CEO of Kem Chicks, Kem Foods, and Kem Farms.", "Bob Sadino __knowledge__ He started his business by selling domestic chicken eggs door to door.", "Bob Sadino __knowledge__ At that time, domestic chicken eggs were not popular in Indonesia, thus his goods were purchased only by expatriates, who lived in Kemang (an area in South Jakarta, Indonesia), as well as few people in Indonesia who had lived abroad before.", "Bob Sadino __knowledge__ Over time, the domestic chicken eggs began to be popular so that Sadino's business grew significantly.", "Bob Sadino __knowledge__ Sadino then expanded his business by selling chicken meat.", "Easter egg __knowledge__ Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are decorated eggs that are usually used as gifts on the occasion of Easter or springtime celebration.", "Easter egg __knowledge__ As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide (Easter season).", "Easter egg __knowledge__ The oldest tradition is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in colourful foil, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate.", "Easter egg __knowledge__ Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth, in Christianity, for the celebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the empty tomb of Jesus, from which Jesus resurrected.", "Chicken __knowledge__ The chicken (\"Gallus gallus domesticus\") is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red junglefowl.", "Chicken __knowledge__ It is one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of more than 19 billion as of 2011.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Humans commonly keep chickens as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets.", "Chicken __knowledge__ Genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia, but with the clade found in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa originating in the Indian subcontinent.", "Chicken __knowledge__ From India, the domesticated chicken was imported to Lydia in western Asia Minor, and to Greece by the fifth century BC.", "Travel itinerary __knowledge__ A travel itinerary is a schedule of events relating to planned travel, generally including destinations to be visited at specified times and means of transportation to move between those destinations.", "Travel itinerary __knowledge__ For example, both the plan of a business trip and the route of a road trip, or the proposed outline of one, would be travel itineraries.", "Travel itinerary __knowledge__ The construction of a travel itinerary may be assisted by the use of travel literature, including travel journals and diaries, a guide book containing information for visitors or tourists about the destination, or a trip planner website dedicated to helping the users plan their trips.", "Chicken soup __knowledge__ Chicken soup is a soup made from chicken, simmered in water, usually with various other ingredients.", "Chicken soup __knowledge__ The classic chicken soup consists of a clear chicken broth, often with pieces of chicken or vegetables; common additions are pasta, dumplings, or grains such as rice and barley.", "Chicken soup __knowledge__ Chicken soup has acquired the reputation of a folk remedy for colds and influenza, and in many countries is considered a comfort food.", "Chicken soup __knowledge__ Variations on the flavor are gained by adding root vegetables such as parsnip, potato, sweet potato and celery root, herbs such as parsley, dill, other vegetables such as zucchini, whole garlic cloves or tomatoes and black pepper.", "Mercy for Animals __knowledge__ Mercy For Animals (MFA) is an international non-profit organization dedicated to preventing cruelty to farmed animals and promoting compassionate food choices and policies, founded in October 1999.", "Mercy for Animals __knowledge__ Nathan Runkle is the group's executive director and founder.", "Mercy for Animals __knowledge__ Focusing primarily on advocacy on behalf of farmed animals, MFA runs a number of campaigns that aim to educate the public on animal protection issues and to encourage them to adopt a vegan diet.", "Mercy for Animals __knowledge__ It has engaged in several undercover investigations, primarily of egg farms, and has produced television commercials showing the treatment of animals in slaughterhouses and factory farms.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ Egg, Inc is an idle clicker game which is sold by Auxbrain Inc and is available on Android and iOS devices.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ It is about a future in which eggs unlock the secrets of the universe.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ The player's goal in the game is to make the most profitable egg farm.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ The gameplay consists of a red button that can switch sizes, which includes a chicken symbol on it.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ When the button is pressed, chickens are released and therefore, money is made from their eggs that they produce.", "Egg, Inc. __knowledge__ This money can be used to further upgrade the egg farm by doing lab research which increases the value of the eggs, the speed that they are produced, and the size of the player's distribution fleet.", "California Proposition 2 (2008) __knowledge__ Proposition 2 was a California ballot proposition in that state's general election on November 4, 2008.", "California Proposition 2 (2008) __knowledge__ It passed with 63% of the votes in favor and 37% against.", "California Proposition 2 (2008) __knowledge__ Submitted to the Secretary of State as the Prevention of Farm Animal Cruelty Act, the initiative's name (as with others such as Proposition 8) was amended to officially be known as the Standards for Confining Farm Animals initiative.", "California Proposition 2 (2008) __knowledge__ The official title of the statute enacted by the proposition is the Prevention of Farm Animal Cruelty Act.", "California Proposition 2 (2008) __knowledge__ The proposition adds a chapter to Division 20 of the California Health and Safety Code, , to prohibit the confinement of certain farm animals in a manner that does not allow them to turn around freely, lie down, stand up, and fully extend their limbs.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ Season one of \"Ples sa zvezdama\" premiered on March 29, 2014.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ Ten pairs will participate.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ Milojko Pantić and Tamara Paunović were confirmed by Prva on March 9, 2014, while Lena Bogdanović and Niggor were confirmed two days later.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ On March 12, 2014, Prva announced that Saša Vidić and Katarina Šišmanović will also be in the competition.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ Nikolija Jovanović and Ivan Mihailović were announced on March 13, 2014.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ On March 14, 2014, Prva said actress Tanja Bošković will also be in the competition.", "Ples sa Zvezdama (Season 1) __knowledge__ Prva announced four judges: Nikola Mandić, Marija Prelević, Aleksandar Josipović and Konstantin Kostjukov.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The state takes its name from the Ohio River.", "Ohio __knowledge__ The name originated from the Seneca language word \" ohiːyo\"', meaning \"great river\" or \"large creek\".", "Ohio __knowledge__ Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is historically known as the \"Buckeye State\" after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as \"Buckeyes\".", "Ohio __knowledge__ The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the state Supreme Court.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state.", "Ohio __knowledge__ Ohio derives from Seneca (an Iroquois language) as their name for the Ohio River/ Alleghany River, \"Ohi:yo\".", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ Egg allergy is an immune hypersensitivity to proteins found in chicken eggs, and possibly goose, duck, or turkey eggs.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms can be either rapid or gradual in onset.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ The latter can take hours to days to appear.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ The former may include anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition which requires treatment with epinephrine.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ Other presentations may include atopic dermatitis or inflammation of the esophagus.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ In the United States, 90% of allergic responses to foods are caused by cow's milk, eggs, wheat, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and soy beans.", "Egg allergy __knowledge__ The Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA) of 2004 requires that the label of a food that contains an ingredient that is or contains protein from these eight major food allergens declare the presence of the allergen in the manner described by the law.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and fish, and have been eaten by humans for thousands of years.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ The most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail are also eaten.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Fish eggs are called roe and caviar.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Due to their protein content, the United States Department of Agriculture categorizes eggs as \"Meats\" within the Food Guide Pyramid.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht () is a sour soup popular in several Eastern European cuisines, including Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Ashkenazi Jewish and Armenian cuisines.", "Borscht __knowledge__ The variety most commonly associated with the name in English is of Ukrainian origin and includes beetroots as one of the main ingredients, which gives the dish its distinctive red color.", "Borscht __knowledge__ It shares the name, however, with a wide selection of sour-tasting soups without beetroots, such as sorrel-based green borscht, rye-based white borscht and cabbage borscht.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht derives from an ancient soup originally cooked from pickled stems, leaves and umbels of common hogweed (\"Heracleum sphondylium\"), a herbaceous plant growing in damp meadows, which lent the dish its Slavic name.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more of the protein constituents of cow's milk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms can be rapid or gradual in onset.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The former may include anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition which requires treatment with epinephrine.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The latter can take hours to days to appear.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Presentations may include atopic dermatitis, inflammation of the esophagus, enteropathy involving the small intestine and proctocolitis involving the rectum and colon.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Management is by avoiding eating any food that contains dairy.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Exposure to low levels of milk proteins is a health risk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ In people with IgE-mediated food allergy the individual threshold dose capable of provoking an allergic reaction can vary widely, but is in a low milligram range.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ Influenza vaccines, also known as flu shots or flu jabs, are vaccines that protect against infection by Influenza viruses.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ A new version of the vaccine is developed twice a year, as the Influenza virus rapidly changes.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ While their effectiveness varies from year to year, most provide modest to high protection against influenza.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ The CDC estimates that vaccination against influenza reduces sickness, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ When an immunized worker does catch the flu, they are on average back at work a half day sooner.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ Vaccine effectiveness in those under two years old and over 65 years old remains unknown due to the low quality of the research.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little or no problem in most people.", "Allergy __knowledge__ These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Common allergens include pollen and certain food.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Metals and other substances may also cause problems.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.", "2009 flu pandemic vaccine __knowledge__ The 2009 flu pandemic vaccines are the set of influenza vaccines that have been developed to protect against the pandemic H1N1/09 virus.", "2009 flu pandemic vaccine __knowledge__ These vaccines either contain inactivated (killed) influenza virus, or weakened live virus that cannot cause influenza.", "2009 flu pandemic vaccine __knowledge__ The killed vaccine is injected, while the live vaccine is given as an interperineal nasal spray.", "2009 flu pandemic vaccine __knowledge__ Both these types of vaccine are usually produced by growing the virus in chicken eggs.", "2009 flu pandemic vaccine __knowledge__ Around three billion doses will be produced annually, with delivery from November 2009.", "2009 flu pandemic vaccine __knowledge__ In studies, the vaccine appears both effective and safe, providing a strong protective immune response and having similar safety profile to the normal seasonal influenza vaccine." ] ]

[ 1, 51, 0, 20, 55 ]

[ "wow i din't know that, i want to visit the great lakes region of the US around there", "i have never been to the midwest, northern central part of the United States of America", "wow an egg farm? thats aesom, i travel every couple years, ", "i love eggs it must be horrible, Egg allergy is an immune hypersensitivity to proteins found in chicken eggs", "ironically the flu vaccine is made in eggs the vaccine is developed twice a year," ]

[ "Ohio", "Ohio", "Ohio", "Ohio", "Ohio" ]

[ "Linkin Park", "Thats cool, tell me more about them", "When did they start their career?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their debut album \"Hybrid Theory\" (2000), which was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-Platinum in several other countries.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their following studio album \"Meteora\" continued the band's success, topping the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart in 2003, and was followed by extensive touring and charity work.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in \"Hybrid Theory\" and \"Meteora\", the band explored other genres on their next studio album, \"Minutes to Midnight\" (2007).", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The album topped the \"Billboard\" charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010), layering their music with more electronic sounds.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their fifth album, \"Living Things\" (2012), combines musical elements from all of their previous records.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their sixth album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014), returned to a heavier rock sound.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their seventh album \"One More Light\", a more electronic and pop-oriented record, was released on May 19, 2017." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their debut album \"Hybrid Theory\" (2000), which was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-Platinum in several other countries.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their following studio album \"Meteora\" continued the band's success, topping the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart in 2003, and was followed by extensive touring and charity work.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in \"Hybrid Theory\" and \"Meteora\", the band explored other genres on their next studio album, \"Minutes to Midnight\" (2007).", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The album topped the \"Billboard\" charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010), layering their music with more electronic sounds.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their fifth album, \"Living Things\" (2012), combines musical elements from all of their previous records.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their sixth album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014), returned to a heavier rock sound.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their seventh album \"One More Light\", a more electronic and pop-oriented record, was released on May 19, 2017.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha Lee is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\", played by Laura Rollins.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha was introduced as a Practice Nurse at The Mill by Peter Eryl Lloyd.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on Tuesday 30 September 2014.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Since her arrival in the show Ayesha has faced storylines including an on off relationship with Sid Vere, having a troubled relationship with Tyler Green, dealing with her mother Bren's alcohol and later drug addiction, being attacked by Ike and supporting Valerie Pittman through her Cancer scare.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha first arrives at \"The Mill\" as a replacement for Mandy Marquez, she is almost immediately attracted to new doctor Sid Vere.", "The Runners __knowledge__ The Runners are an American electronic and hip hop production duo from Orlando, Florida, consisting of Andrew \"Dru Brett\" Harr and Jermaine \"Mayne Zayne\" Jackson.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They came together to form the team in 2000, but they have known each other since they were in kindergarten.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They both have been influenced their entire lives by producers Timbaland and The Neptunes.", "The Runners __knowledge__ Their trademark is an exhale sound effect ringing \"Ahhh\" at the beginning of their songs.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They are best known for producing the hit singles \"Go Hard\" and \"Hustlin'\", by rappers DJ Khaled and Rick Ross respectively.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They have produced songs for artists like Keyshia Cole Kevin Cossom Ace Hood, Chris Brown, Fat Joe, Juelz Santana, Nelly, Trip Lee, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne, Justin Bieber, Fabolous and Usher.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ \"Torment\" is a story arc written by Todd McFarlane, which encompassed the first five issues of the new ongoing \"\" comic book.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ It was published in 1990 by Marvel Comics.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ The comic was a record-breaking sales success and helped start the next stage of development in the Modern Age of Comic Books, which would lead to the formation of Image Comics and the rise of the speculator market.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ The Lizard is going on a murdering spree before Spider-Man tries to stop him.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ The Lizard poisons Spider-Man and throws him off of a building.", "Torment (comics) __knowledge__ It is later revealed that Calypso is hypnotizing the Lizard to do her bidding.", "In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening __knowledge__ \"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening\" is a popular song with music by Hoagy Carmichael and lyrics by Johnny Mercer.", "In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening __knowledge__ It was originally planned to feature it in a Paramount picture which was written for Betty Hutton that never took off.", "In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening __knowledge__ That projected film was to be called \"The Mack Sennett Girl\" (aka \"Keystone Girl\").", "In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening __knowledge__ The song was buried in Paramount's files until it was rediscovered and then used in the 1951 film, \"Here Comes the Groom\", and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song.", "In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening __knowledge__ The recording by Bing Crosby and Jane Wyman with Matty Matlock's All Stars and the Four Hits and a Miss was recorded on June 20, 1951 and released by Decca Records as catalog number 27678.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ It has associations of composure and self-control (cf.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ the OED definition) and often is used as an expression of admiration or approval.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Although commonly regarded as slang, it is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ There is no single concept of cool.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ One of the essential characteristics of cool is its mutability—what is considered cool changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.", "Canibus __knowledge__ Germaine Williams (born December 9, 1974), better known by his stage name Canibus, is an American rapper and actor.", "Canibus __knowledge__ He is a member of The HRSMN, Sharpshooterz, Cloak N Dagga, The Undergods, and one-half of T.H.E.M.", "Canibus __knowledge__ Canibus rose to fame in the mid-nineties.", "Canibus __knowledge__ About.com placed him at number 32 on their list of the \"Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987–2007)\", while in 2012 \"The Source\" placed him number 44 on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time.", "Canibus __knowledge__ In 2017 Hip-Hop Universe placed Canibus number 3 on their Top 100 Best Rappers Of All Time list.", "Canibus __knowledge__ Germaine Williams was born on December 9, 1974 in Kingston, Jamaica.", "Shone Tell __knowledge__ Shone Tell (Born June 20, 1970) is an entrepreneur and the founder of the biggest online classifieds marketplace for used goods in Israel, he is the chairman of \"Tell Holdings\" who invest in startups from the internet industry.", "Shone Tell __knowledge__ According to Globs, in 2008 the American company Tiger Global Management contact Shone with an offer to buy 49% of Yad2 for valuation of 25 million dollars.", "Shone Tell __knowledge__ Tell accepted the offer.", "Shone Tell __knowledge__ According to Calcalist, In 2010 after long discussions Tell sold another 26% of Yad2 to walla.co.il which is a subsidiary of Bezeq the telecommunication, he became to be chairman and recruit Yaniv Gil-More to be the company CEO.", "Hybrid Theory __knowledge__ Hybrid Theory is the debut studio album by American rock band Linkin Park, released on October 24, 2000, through Warner Bros. Records.", "Hybrid Theory __knowledge__ As of 2017, the album has been certified diamond by the RIAA for sales in the band's home country of United States, with over eleven million units, peaking at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200, and it also has reached high positions on other charts worldwide, with 30 million copies sold, making it the best-selling debut album since Guns N' Roses' \"Appetite for Destruction\" and the best-selling rock album of the 21st century.", "Hybrid Theory __knowledge__ Recorded at NRG Recordings in North Hollywood, California, and produced by Don Gilmore, the album's lyrical themes deal with problems lead vocalist Chester Bennington experienced during his adolescence, including drug abuse and the constant fighting and divorce of his parents.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Nu metal (also known as nü-metal and ) is a form of that combines elements of with elements of other music genres such as hip hop, alternative rock, funk and grunge.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ bands have drawn elements and influences from a variety of musical styles, including multiple genres of heavy metal.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ rarely features guitar solos; the genre is heavily syncopated and based on guitar riffs.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Many nu metal guitarists use that are down-tuned to play a heavier sound.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ DJs are occasionally featured in nu metal to provide instrumentation such as sampling, turntable scratching and electronic backgrounds.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Vocal styles in include singing, rapping, screaming and growling.", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ Meteora is the second studio album by American rock band Linkin Park.", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 25, 2003 through Warner Bros. Records, following \"Reanimation\", a collaboration album which featured remixes of songs included on their debut studio album \"Hybrid Theory\".", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ The album was produced by the band alongside Don Gilmore.", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ The title \"Meteora\" is taken from the Greek Orthodox monasteries sharing the same name.", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ \"Meteora\" has a similar sound to \"Hybrid Theory\", as described by critics, and the album took almost a year to be recorded.", "Meteora (album) __knowledge__ The main artwork was assembled by the band with help of various other graphic artists.", "Aziz Behich __knowledge__ Aziz Behich ( ; born 16 December 1990) is an Australian professional footballer who plays as a left back and left winger for Süper Lig club Bursaspor.", "Aziz Behich __knowledge__ Behich played in the junior divisions of Green Gully SC.", "Aziz Behich __knowledge__ He participated in the junior league's of Melbourne's North-West.", "Aziz Behich __knowledge__ He had played for the club's Reserve team in 2007.", "Aziz Behich __knowledge__ In February 2007 Behich had returned to Australia after having been training at the David Beckham Academy.", "Aziz Behich __knowledge__ In 2008 Behich was signed to the club's first-team, surprisingly because the coach; Ian Dobson, had preferred experienced players within his squad, where he made his debut on 22 February 2008 in a 2–0 loss against Richmond.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ A Thousand Suns is the fourth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ It was released on September 8, 2010, by Warner Bros. Records.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ The album was written by the band and was produced by Linkin Park vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin, who worked together to produce the band's previous studio album \"Minutes to Midnight\" (2007).", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ Recording sessions for \"A Thousand Suns\" took place at NRG Recording Studios in North Hollywood, California from 2008 until early 2010.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ \"A Thousand Suns\" is a concept album dealing with human fears such as nuclear warfare.", "A Thousand Suns __knowledge__ The band has said the album is a drastic departure from their previous work; they experimented on different and new sounds.", "Brad Delson __knowledge__ Bradford Phillip Delson (born December 1, 1977) is an American musician and record producer, best known as the lead guitarist and one of the founding members of the Grammy Award winning rock band Linkin Park.", "Brad Delson __knowledge__ Brad Delson attended Agoura High School in Agoura Hills, an affluent suburb of Los Angeles, with childhood friend and Linkin Park band mate Mike Shinoda.", "Brad Delson __knowledge__ He played in various bands throughout his high school career, the most notable being Relative Degree, in which he met and teamed up with drummer Rob Bourdon.", "Brad Delson __knowledge__ Relative Degree's goal was simply to play a show, and, after achieving that goal, they disbanded." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their debut album \"Hybrid Theory\" (2000), which was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-Platinum in several other countries.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their following studio album \"Meteora\" continued the band's success, topping the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart in 2003, and was followed by extensive touring and charity work.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in \"Hybrid Theory\" and \"Meteora\", the band explored other genres on their next studio album, \"Minutes to Midnight\" (2007).", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The album topped the \"Billboard\" charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010), layering their music with more electronic sounds.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their fifth album, \"Living Things\" (2012), combines musical elements from all of their previous records.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their sixth album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014), returned to a heavier rock sound.", "Linkin Park __knowledge__ Their seventh album \"One More Light\", a more electronic and pop-oriented record, was released on May 19, 2017.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The 2017 Washington Nationals season was the Nationals' 13th season as the baseball franchise of Major League Baseball in the District of Columbia, the 10th season at Nationals Park, and the 49th since the original team was started in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ They won the National League East division title for the fourth time in six years but were defeated by the Chicago Cubs in the Division Series.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The Washington Nationals announced in October 2016 that their entire coaching staff would return for the 2017 season, led by manager Dusty Baker.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The team lost several players to free agency after the 2016 season, including right-handed relief pitcher Matt Belisle, left-handed reliever Sean Burnett, infielder Stephen Drew, outfielder Chris Heisey, right-handed pitcher Mat Latos, closer Mark Melancon, catcher Wilson Ramos, and left-handed reliever Marc Rzepczynski.", "Magdalena Neuner __knowledge__ Magdalena \"Lena\" Neuner (since her 2014 marriage legally \"Magdalena Holzer\", born 9 February 1987) is a retired German professional biathlete.", "Magdalena Neuner __knowledge__ She is the most successful woman of all time at Biathlon World Championships and a two-time Olympic gold medalist.", "Magdalena Neuner __knowledge__ At the age of 21, she became the youngest Overall World Cup winner in the history of the International Biathlon Union (IBU).", "Magdalena Neuner __knowledge__ With 34 World Cup wins, Neuner is ranked second all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour.", "Magdalena Neuner __knowledge__ She has won the Overall World Cup title three times, in 2007–08, in 2009–10 and her final season in 2011–12.", "Madison Bumgarner __knowledge__ Madison Kyle Bumgarner (born August 1, 1989), commonly known by his nickname, \"MadBum\", is an American professional baseball pitcher for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball (MLB).", "Madison Bumgarner __knowledge__ He stands tall and weighs .", "Madison Bumgarner __knowledge__ Bumgarner has won three World Series championships (, , ) and two Silver Slugger Awards (, ).", "Madison Bumgarner __knowledge__ He has also been selected to four National League All-Star teams and has the second-most strikeouts in franchise history by a Giants left-handed pitcher.", "Madison Bumgarner __knowledge__ Bumgarner played high school baseball at South Caldwell High School in Hudson, North Carolina, where he helped his team win the 2007 4A State Championship.", "Chris Carpenter __knowledge__ Christopher John Carpenter (born April 27, 1975) is an American retired professional baseball starting pitcher.", "Chris Carpenter __knowledge__ He played 15 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays and St. Louis Cardinals from 1997 to 2012.", "Chris Carpenter __knowledge__ A Cy Young Award winner and two-time World Series champion, he was also a three-time All-Star selection.", "Chris Carpenter __knowledge__ In addition, he was twice named the \"Sporting News\" National League Pitcher of the Year, and voted for a number of Comeback Player of the Year awards for surmounting injury.", "Chris Carpenter __knowledge__ The Blue Jays selected Carpenter in the first round of the 1993 amateur draft from Trinity High School in New Hampshire, and he made his MLB debut in 1997.", "Sebastian Vettel __knowledge__ Sebastian Vettel (; born 3 July 1987) is a German racing driver currently driving in Formula One for Scuderia Ferrari.", "Sebastian Vettel __knowledge__ He is a four-time Formula One World Champion, having won the championship in , , and with Red Bull Racing.", "Sebastian Vettel __knowledge__ He is regarded by fellow and former drivers as one of the greatest Formula One drivers in the history of the sport.", "Sebastian Vettel __knowledge__ Leaving Red Bull for the 2015 season, Vettel initially signed a three-year contract with Ferrari, which was later extended until the end of 2020.", "Sebastian Vettel __knowledge__ Vettel started his career in Formula One as a test driver for BMW Sauber and made his debut with the team at the 2007 United States Grand Prix, replacing the injured Robert Kubica.", "Barry Zito __knowledge__ Barry William Zito (born May 13, 1978) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and musician.", "Barry Zito __knowledge__ He played 15 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics and San Francisco Giants.", "Barry Zito __knowledge__ His pitching repertoire consisted of a curveball (his strikeout pitch), a four-seam fastball, a two-seam fastball, a circle changeup, and a cutter–slider.", "Barry Zito __knowledge__ Zito attended the University of California, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles Pierce College, and the University of Southern California.", "Barry Zito __knowledge__ Drafted three times while in college, Zito signed with the Athletics when they chose him in the first round of the 1999 MLB draft.", "Chris Young (pitcher) __knowledge__ Christopher Ryan Young (born May 25, 1979) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the San Diego Padres organization.", "Chris Young (pitcher) __knowledge__ He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut on August 24, 2004, with the Texas Rangers and also has Major League experience with the San Diego Padres, New York Mets, Seattle Mariners, and Kansas City Royals.", "Chris Young (pitcher) __knowledge__ He had previously excelled in basketball and baseball at Highland Park High School in University Park, Texas, and Princeton University.", "Chris Young (pitcher) __knowledge__ Young helped Highland Park reach the Class 4A Region II basketball final in 1997 and the Class 4A Texas state basketball final in 1998.", "Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ Agoura Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California.", "Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ Its population was estimated to be at 20,843 in 2014, up from 20,537 at the 2000 census.", "Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ It is in the eastern Conejo Valley between the Simi Hills and the Santa Monica Mountains.", "Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ The city is on the border between the county of Los Angeles to the east and south, and Ventura County to the north and west.", "Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ It is about northwest of Downtown Los Angeles and less than west of the Los Angeles City limits (Woodland Hills).", "Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ Agoura Hills and unincorporated Agoura sit next to Calabasas, Oak Park, and Westlake Village.", "Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ The area was first settled by the Chumash Native Americans around 10,000 years ago.", "Malibu Junction, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ 'Malibu Junction', also known as Whizin's Row after pioneer entrepreneur Art Whizin, is an Agoura Hills neighborhood in southern Agoura Hills, western Los Angeles County, California.", "Malibu Junction, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ Malibu Junction is located in the eastern Conejo Valley between the Simi Hills and the Santa Monica Mountains.", "Malibu Junction, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ This district is on the Ventura Freeway (U.S. Route 101), and straddles the border between metropolitan Los Angeles to the east, and Ventura County to the northwest.", "Malibu Junction, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ Originally Wizen's (Malibu Junction) was a travelers stop on along old 2 lane Route 101, centered around Art Wizen's businesses.", "Malibu Junction, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ In 1953 he bought of the northern Paramount Ranch property, and established a little 12-stool, three-table hamburger stand with a couple of Mobile Oil Co. gasoline pumps out front.", "East Agoura, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ East Agoura is a district on the eastern side of the city of Agoura Hills, located on the city's, in western Los Angeles County, California.", "East Agoura, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ The city of Oak Park is on the north East Agoura is the most dense of the suburban city's districts, as the area contains a mix of apartment buildings and large offices as a result of construction in the 1990s.", "East Agoura, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ This district is located immediately south of the residential and more rural Old Agoura, and it is sometimes referred to as part of Old Agoura as both are north of the 101−Ventura Freeway in eastern Agoura Hills.", "East Agoura, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ The least dense area of the district is located near Agoura High School, surrounding Chumash Park, a large, quiet suburban park within walking distance from Downtown.", "Oak Park, California __knowledge__ Oak Park is an unincorporated community in Ventura County, California, United States.", "Oak Park, California __knowledge__ When developed in the Simi Hills in the late 1960s, a single road provided the only access to the community from Agoura Hills, California in neighboring Los Angeles County.", "Oak Park, California __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, Oak Park had a population of 14,266, down from 14,625 at the 2000 census.", "Oak Park, California __knowledge__ For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Oak Park as a census-designated place (CDP).", "Oak Park, California __knowledge__ The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name.", "Oak Park, California __knowledge__ Oak Park is the biggest unincorporated community in Ventura County.", "Agoura, California __knowledge__ Agoura is an unincorporated community of Los Angeles County, which is located southeast of the city of Agoura Hills, California, adjacent to the city of Calabasas in Los Angeles County.", "Agoura, California __knowledge__ Agoura was the historical name of the area, before much of the area was developed and before the incorporation of the city of Agoura Hills.", "Agoura, California __knowledge__ There are a few pockets of unincorporated areas, containing a handful of houses, in the area.", "Agoura, California __knowledge__ Much of the area is also often referred to as the neighborhood Old Agoura.", "Agoura, California __knowledge__ The ZIP code is 91301 and the area codes are 747 and 818.", "Agoura, California __knowledge__ A stagecoach stop here was known as \"Vegar Junction\" and in the 1920s the community was briefly known as Picture City, as Paramount Pictures owned the Paramount Ranch, a movie ranch filming outdoor scenes and Western movies.", "Calabasas, California __knowledge__ Calabasas is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located in the hills west of the San Fernando Valley and in the northwest Santa Monica Mountains between Woodland Hills, Agoura Hills, West Hills, Hidden Hills, and Malibu, California.", "Calabasas, California __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 23,058, up from 20,033 at the 2000 census.", "Calabasas, California __knowledge__ The city was formally incorporated in 1991.", "Calabasas, California __knowledge__ The Leonis Adobe, an adobe structure in Old Town Calabasas, dates from 1844 and is one of the oldest surviving buildings in greater Los Angeles.", "Calabasas, California __knowledge__ It is generally accepted that the name of Calabasas is derived from the Spanish \"calabaza\" meaning \"pumpkin\", \"squash\", or \"gourd\" (cf.", "Old Agoura, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ Old Agoura, also referred to as \"Agoura\" by some locals, is a district on the east side of the city of Agoura Hills, located in the Simi Hills of western Los Angeles County, California.", "Old Agoura, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ The city of Oak Park is to the west, and Calabasas to the east.", "Old Agoura, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ In some contexts East Agoura, also north of the 101−Ventura Freeway is considered a part of Old Agoura.", "Old Agoura, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ The neighborhood has a mix of older and larger properties, often with private corrals and horse facilities, which draw equestrian oriented residents.", "Old Agoura, Agoura Hills, California __knowledge__ The Old Agoura Overlay, of the city's general plan and municipal code, guides architecture and development in the district." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 2 ]

[ "I used to listen to listen park several years ago. My favorite album was their debut album Hybrid Theory. I wonder what happened to them.", "Im a huge fan. Theyre originally from Agoura Hills in Cali.", "Well the group formed in 96 but their fist album came out in 2000." ]

[ "Linkin Park", "Linkin Park", "Linkin Park" ]

[ "Digital art", "how cool! what exactly do you do?", "what is a 3d print?", "wow ! that's really amazing! " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, various names have been used to describe the process, including computer art and multimedia art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ After some initial resistance, the impact of digital technology has transformed activities such as painting, drawing, sculpture and music/sound art, while new forms, such as net art, digital installation art, and virtual reality, have become recognized artistic practices.", "Digital art __knowledge__ More generally the term digital artist is used to describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in the production of art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ In an expanded sense, \"digital art\" is contemporary art that uses the methods of mass production or digital media.", "Digital art __knowledge__ The techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisements, and by film-makers to produce visual effects.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Desktop publishing has had a huge impact on the publishing world, although that is more related to graphic design.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Both digital and traditional artists use many sources of electronic information and programs to create their work." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, various names have been used to describe the process, including computer art and multimedia art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ After some initial resistance, the impact of digital technology has transformed activities such as painting, drawing, sculpture and music/sound art, while new forms, such as net art, digital installation art, and virtual reality, have become recognized artistic practices.", "Digital art __knowledge__ More generally the term digital artist is used to describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in the production of art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ In an expanded sense, \"digital art\" is contemporary art that uses the methods of mass production or digital media.", "Digital art __knowledge__ The techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisements, and by film-makers to produce visual effects.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Desktop publishing has had a huge impact on the publishing world, although that is more related to graphic design.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Both digital and traditional artists use many sources of electronic information and programs to create their work.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ It has associations of composure and self-control (cf.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ the OED definition) and often is used as an expression of admiration or approval.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Although commonly regarded as slang, it is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ There is no single concept of cool.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ One of the essential characteristics of cool is its mutability—what is considered cool changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ \"Reflective surfaces\" are surfaces that can deliver high solar reflectance (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths of the sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface) and high thermal emittance (the ability to radiate absorbed, or non-reflected solar energy).", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Reflective surfaces are a form of geoengineering.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ The most well-known type of reflective surface is the \"cool roof\".", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ While cool roofs are mostly associated with white roofs, they come in a variety of colors and materials and are available for both commercial and residential buildings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Today's \"cool roof\" pigments allow metal roofing products to be EnergyStar rated in dark colors, even black.", "Zeke's Pad __knowledge__ Zeke's Pad is an animated TV show and is a Canada–Australia co-production between Bardel Entertainment, Flying Bark Productions, and Leaping Lizard Productions in association with Seven Network and YTV.", "Zeke's Pad __knowledge__ The show was produced with the participation of The Canadian Television Fund, The Province of British Columbia Film Incentive BC, The Canadian Film or Video Production Tax Credit, The Shaw Rocket Fund, The Independent Production Fund, Cogeco Program Development Fund, Bell Broadcast and New Media Fund, and British Columbia Film.", "Zeke's Pad __knowledge__ It has aired on YTV in Canada and on Nickelodeon in the United States on Saturdays at 7pm.", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ \"NME\" Cool List is an annual listing of popular musicians compiled by the weekly British music magazine \"NME\".", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ The list is created each November by the magazine's writers and journalists, and is based on the 50 musicians that they consider to be the \"coolest\".", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ Each year's list is first announced by \"NME\" through both a dedicated issue of their magazine and their official website, NME.com – the Cool List issue often attracts high sales.", "NME's Cool List __knowledge__ The list was first published in 2002, to highlight the people who were \"at the forefront of the music scene\" – Jack White, the lead singer of American rock band The White Stripes, topped the first poll.", "Marshall McLuhan __knowledge__ Herbert Marshall McLuhan, (July 21, 1911December 31, 1980) was a Canadian professor, philosopher, and public intellectual.", "Marshall McLuhan __knowledge__ His work is one of the cornerstones of the study of media theory.", "Marshall McLuhan __knowledge__ Born in Edmonton, Alberta, McLuhan studied at the University of Manitoba and the University of Cambridge.", "Marshall McLuhan __knowledge__ He began his teaching career as a professor of English at several universities in the U.S. and Canada before moving to the University of Toronto in 1946, where he remained for the rest of his life.", "Marshall McLuhan __knowledge__ McLuhan is known for coining the expression \"the medium is the message\" and the term global village, and for predicting the World Wide Web almost 30 years before it was invented.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Daddy Cool is an Australian rock band formed in Melbourne in 1970 with the original line-up of Wayne Duncan (bass, vocals), Ross Hannaford (lead guitar, bass, vocals), Ross Wilson (lead vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica) and Gary Young (drums, vocals) .", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Their debut single \"Eagle Rock\" was released in May 1971 and stayed at number 1 on the Australian singles chart for ten weeks.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Their debut July 1971 LP \"Daddy Who?", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Daddy Cool\" also reached number 1 and became the first Australian album to sell more than 100,000 copies.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Their name comes from the 1957 song \"Daddy Cool\" by US rock group The Rays.", "Daddy Cool (band) __knowledge__ Daddy Cool included their version on \"Daddy Who?", "Muid Latif __knowledge__ Muid Latif (born 24 February 1979) is a Malaysian-based web designer, graphic designer and digital artist who is known for promoting the cultural elements of the Southeast Asia from Batik and Songket into his commercial works and artworks.", "Muid Latif __knowledge__ Muid is currently the Project Lead for Creative Commons Malaysia who actively promote Free culture movement and open collaboration.", "Muid Latif __knowledge__ Muid was one of the official Behance Ambassador representing Malaysia and the author of 'Mekarnya Cinta Kata-kata & Puisi' e-book, a part of initiative to help the Creative Commons movement in fostering Free content awareness & Going green campaign.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Dami Im (, , ; born 17 October 1988) is a Korean-born Australian singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist performing artist.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Im is known for achieving the best ever Eurovision result for Australia.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Im emigrated to Australia from South Korea with her family at the age of nine.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ She won the fifth season of \"The X Factor Australia\" and subsequently received a recording contract with Sony Music Australia.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ After winning \"The X Factor\", Im released her debut and winner's single \"Alive\", which debuted at number one on the ARIA Singles Chart.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ This was followed by the release of her self-titled second studio album, which debuted at number one the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association.", "Job interview __knowledge__ A job interview is a one-on-one interview consisting of a conversation between a job applicant and a representative of an employer which is conducted to assess whether the applicant should be hired.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews are one of the most popularly used devices for employee selection.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews vary in the extent to which the questions are structured, from a totally unstructured and free-wheeling conversation, to a structured interview in which an applicant is asked a predetermined list of questions in a specified order; structured interviews are usually more accurate predictors of which applicants will make good employees, according to research studies.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album \"Katy Hudson\" under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "Beatie Wolfe __knowledge__ Beatie Wolfe is an Anglo-American singer-songwriter, described as \"a pioneering songwriter\" known for \"seeing music differently\" and creating new tangible formats for music, which include the 'World's First 3D Interactive Album App' for her debut album \"8ight\", a musical jacket for her second album \"Montagu Square\" and the world’s first live 360 AR stream for her third album \"Raw Space\".", "Beatie Wolfe __knowledge__ These musical innovations have gained Wolfe critical acclaim with Highsnobiety naming Wolfe as one of '10 Ways Music Will Change in 2017' and Wired (magazine) featuring Wolfe as one of 22 changing the world.", "Beatie Wolfe __knowledge__ In June 2016, Wolfe was invited to meet Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, representing the best of British Innovation, and in September 2016 Wolfe featured in the Victoria and Albert Museum's exhibition ‘Records and Rebels’ where she performed and spoke alongside David Bowie's designer Jonathan Barnbrook about her work." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, various names have been used to describe the process, including computer art and multimedia art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ After some initial resistance, the impact of digital technology has transformed activities such as painting, drawing, sculpture and music/sound art, while new forms, such as net art, digital installation art, and virtual reality, have become recognized artistic practices.", "Digital art __knowledge__ More generally the term digital artist is used to describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in the production of art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ In an expanded sense, \"digital art\" is contemporary art that uses the methods of mass production or digital media.", "Digital art __knowledge__ The techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisements, and by film-makers to produce visual effects.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Desktop publishing has had a huge impact on the publishing world, although that is more related to graphic design.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Both digital and traditional artists use many sources of electronic information and programs to create their work.", "3D publishing __knowledge__ 3D publishing concerns the production and distribution of content for 3D printers.", "3D publishing __knowledge__ 3D publishing holds out the promise of an industry for the creation and distribution of files for the production of 3D objects.", "3D publishing __knowledge__ Any individual or organisation producing files for 3D printers can be considered a 3D publisher.", "3D publishing __knowledge__ With the advent of specialist software, scanners and cloud based tools, access to 3D publishing is spreading fast.", "3D publishing __knowledge__ The development of online tools to facilitate and monetize publishing is bringing a new industry to fruition.", "3D publishing __knowledge__ Boundaries between value chains are disappearing, leading to new business models.", "Applications of 3D printing __knowledge__ 3D printing has many applications, in manufacturing, medicine, architecture, and custom art and design.", "Applications of 3D printing __knowledge__ some people use 3D printers to create more 3D printers.", "Applications of 3D printing __knowledge__ In the current scenario, 3D printing process has been used in manufacturing, medical, industry and sociocultural sectors which facilitate 3D printing to become successful commercial technology.", "Applications of 3D printing __knowledge__ AM technologies found applications starting in the 1980s in product development, data visualization, rapid prototyping, and specialized manufacturing.", "Applications of 3D printing __knowledge__ Their expansion into production (job production, mass production, and distributed manufacturing) has been under development in the decades since.", "3D printing __knowledge__ 3D printing refers to processes in which material is joined or solidified under computer control to create a three-dimensional object, with material being added together (such as liquid molecules or powder grains being fused together).", "3D printing __knowledge__ 3D printing is used in both rapid prototyping and additive manufacturing (AM).", "3D printing __knowledge__ Objects can be of almost any shape or geometry and typically are produced using digital model data from a 3D model or another electronic data source such as an Additive Manufacturing File (AMF) file (usually in sequential layers).", "3D printing __knowledge__ Stereolithography (STL) is one of the most common file types that is used for 3D printing.", "Sindoh __knowledge__ The was Sindoh (Korean: 신도), WIKIEDPD(Korean: 신도리코), is a South Korean Office Electronics corporation that makes Multi-function Printers, Fax Machines, and 3D Printers.", "Sindoh __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Seoul.", "Sindoh __knowledge__ The company sells its products both within Korea and internationally.", "Sindoh __knowledge__ When the hompany company was founded, it was called \"Sindoh Trading Co., Ltd.\" but the name was changed to \"Sindoh Co., Ltd.\" in 1969 when it entered into a partnership with Ricoh, Japan.", "Sindoh __knowledge__ Sindoh produced Korea's first copy machine in 1964 and the first fax machine in 1981.", "Sindoh __knowledge__ In 2004, it was awarded with a Prize of $300,000,000 (Three hundred million USD) for the \"Tower Export Award.\"", "Airwolf 3D __knowledge__ Airwolf 3D is a Costa Mesa, California-based company that produces 3D printers.", "Airwolf 3D __knowledge__ Airwolf was founded in May 2012 by Erick Wolf, a patent attorney with a mechanical engineering degree, and his wife Eva.", "Airwolf 3D __knowledge__ The inspiration for the company reportedly came from a 3D printer that Erick, also a garage mechanic, bought just before Christmas 2011.", "Airwolf 3D __knowledge__ After encountering difficulty with his goal of getting the printer to print replacement parts for itself, he spent several days working worked on the printer before determining that it wasn't able to complete the task.", "Airwolf 3D __knowledge__ The printer was eventually scrapped for parts, and Erick instead began building his own printer, which was named the Airwolf 3D.", "3D printing marketplace __knowledge__ A 3D printing marketplace is a website where users buy, sell and freely share digital 3D printable files for use on 3D printers.", "3D printing marketplace __knowledge__ 3D printing marketplaces have emerged with the fast-growing segment of consumer 3D printers.", "3D printing marketplace __knowledge__ Currently, the existing 3D printing marketplaces are handful and their business model is still not profitable.", "3D printing marketplace __knowledge__ The consumer market for 3D printers has grown tremendously over the past several years.", "3D printing marketplace __knowledge__ According to Credit Suisse the growth in 2013 is 100% vs. 2012.", "3D printing marketplace __knowledge__ Consumer 3D printers allow households to produce goods at home.", "3D printing marketplace __knowledge__ Since most people are not CAD professionals, they have to use third party designs.", "Construction 3D printing __knowledge__ Construction 3D Printing (c3Dp) or 3D Construction Printing (3DCP) refers to various technologies that use 3D printing as a core method to fabricate buildings or construction components.", "Construction 3D printing __knowledge__ Alternative terms are also in use, such as Large scale Additive Manufacturing (LSAM), or Freeform construction (FC), also to refer to sub-groups, such as '3D Concrete', used to refer to concrete extrusion technologies.", "Construction 3D printing __knowledge__ There are a variety of 3D printing methods used at construction scale, these include the following main methods: extrusion (concrete/cement, wax, foam, polymers), powder bonding (polymer bond, reactive bond, sintering) and additive welding.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ There are a variety of processes and equipment used in the synthesis of a three-dimensional object.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ 3D printing is also known as additive manufacturing, therefore the numerous available 3D printing processes tend to be additive in nature with a few key differences.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ The main areas in which these processes differ are the technologies used in the process and the materials.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ Some of the different types of processes include extrusion, light polymerized, continuous liquid interface production and powder bed.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ Each process and piece of equipment has pros and cons associated with it.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ These usually involve aspects such as speed, costs, as well as a material's properties and its available colors.", "Fused filament fabrication __knowledge__ Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a 3D printing process that uses a continuous filament of a thermoplastic material.", "Fused filament fabrication __knowledge__ This is fed from a large coil, through a moving, heated printer extruder head.", "Fused filament fabrication __knowledge__ Molten material is forced out of the print head's nozzle and is deposited on the growing workpiece.", "Fused filament fabrication __knowledge__ The head is moved, under computer control, to define the printed shape.", "Fused filament fabrication __knowledge__ Usually the head moves in layers, moving in two dimensions to deposit one horizontal plane at a time, before moving slightly upwards to begin a new slice.", "Fused filament fabrication __knowledge__ The speed of the extruder head may also be controlled, to stop and start deposition and form an interrupted plane without stringing or dribbling between sections." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, various names have been used to describe the process, including computer art and multimedia art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ After some initial resistance, the impact of digital technology has transformed activities such as painting, drawing, sculpture and music/sound art, while new forms, such as net art, digital installation art, and virtual reality, have become recognized artistic practices.", "Digital art __knowledge__ More generally the term digital artist is used to describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in the production of art.", "Digital art __knowledge__ In an expanded sense, \"digital art\" is contemporary art that uses the methods of mass production or digital media.", "Digital art __knowledge__ The techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisements, and by film-makers to produce visual effects.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Desktop publishing has had a huge impact on the publishing world, although that is more related to graphic design.", "Digital art __knowledge__ Both digital and traditional artists use many sources of electronic information and programs to create their work.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Unleashed (Bow Wow album) __knowledge__ Unleashed is the third studio album by American rapper Bow Wow.", "Unleashed (Bow Wow album) __knowledge__ It was released on August 19, 2003, by Columbia Records.", "Unleashed (Bow Wow album) __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from Amerie, Baby, Mario and Jagged Edge, with its production handled by Bink!, The Neptunes, Jazze Pha, Swizz Beatz and Lil Jon, among others.", "Unleashed (Bow Wow album) __knowledge__ It is Bow Wow's first album without assistance or production from his mentor Jermaine Dupri, and where he dropped the 'Lil' from his stage name after his film debut in \"Like Mike\" (2002).", "Unleashed (Bow Wow album) __knowledge__ \"Unleashed\" received mixed reviews from critics, who felt that despite the changes in flow, production and lyrics, Bow Wow didn't distinguish himself enough to stand out from other rappers.", "3D printing __knowledge__ 3D printing refers to processes in which material is joined or solidified under computer control to create a three-dimensional object, with material being added together (such as liquid molecules or powder grains being fused together).", "3D printing __knowledge__ 3D printing is used in both rapid prototyping and additive manufacturing (AM).", "3D printing __knowledge__ Objects can be of almost any shape or geometry and typically are produced using digital model data from a 3D model or another electronic data source such as an Additive Manufacturing File (AMF) file (usually in sequential layers).", "3D printing __knowledge__ Stereolithography (STL) is one of the most common file types that is used for 3D printing.", "History of printing __knowledge__ The history of printing goes back to the duplication of images by means of stamps in very early times.", "History of printing __knowledge__ The use of round seals for rolling an impression into clay tablets goes back to early Mesopotamian civilization before 3000 BCE, they feature complex and beautiful images.", "History of printing __knowledge__ In both China and Egypt, the use of small stamps for seals preceded the use of larger blocks.", "History of printing __knowledge__ In China, India and Europe, printing on cloth certainly preceded printing on paper or papyrus.", "History of printing __knowledge__ The process is essentially the same: in Europe special presentation impressions of prints were often printed on silk until the 17th century.", "2.5D __knowledge__ Two and a half dimensional (shortened to 2.5D, known alternatively as three-quarter perspective and pseudo-3D) is a term used to describe either 2D graphical projections and similar techniques used to cause images or scenes to simulate the appearance of being three-dimensional (3D) when in fact they are not, or gameplay in an otherwise three-dimensional video game that is restricted to a two-dimensional plane or has a virtual camera with a fixed angle.", "2.5D __knowledge__ By contrast, games using 3D computer graphics without such restrictions are said to use \"true 3D\".", "2.5D __knowledge__ Common in video games, these projections have also been useful in geographic visualization (GVIS) to help understand visual-cognitive spatial representations or 3D visualization.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ Computer graphics are pictures and films created using computers.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ Usually, the term refers to computer-generated image data created with help from specialized graphical hardware and software.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ It is a vast and recent area in computer science.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ The phrase was coined in 1960, by computer graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ It is often abbreviated as CG, though sometimes erroneously referred to as computer-generated imagery (CGI).", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ Some topics in computer graphics include user interface design, sprite graphics, vector graphics, 3D modeling, shaders, GPU design, implicit surface visualization with ray tracing, and computer vision, among others.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ There are a variety of processes and equipment used in the synthesis of a three-dimensional object.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ 3D printing is also known as additive manufacturing, therefore the numerous available 3D printing processes tend to be additive in nature with a few key differences.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ The main areas in which these processes differ are the technologies used in the process and the materials.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ Some of the different types of processes include extrusion, light polymerized, continuous liquid interface production and powder bed.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ Each process and piece of equipment has pros and cons associated with it.", "3D printing processes __knowledge__ These usually involve aspects such as speed, costs, as well as a material's properties and its available colors.", "Pythagorean theorem __knowledge__ In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem, also known as Pythagoras's theorem, is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of a right triangle.", "Pythagorean theorem __knowledge__ It states that the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.", "Pythagorean theorem __knowledge__ The theorem can be written as an equation relating the lengths of the sides \"a\", \"b\" and \"c\", often called the \"Pythagorean equation\": where \"c\" represents the length of the hypotenuse and \"a\" and \"b\" the lengths of the triangle's other two sides.", "Pythagorean theorem __knowledge__ Although it is often argued that knowledge of the theorem predates him, the theorem is named after the ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras ( 570–495 BC) as it is he who, by tradition, is credited with its first recorded proof.", "3D film __knowledge__ A three-dimensional stereoscopic film (also known as three-dimensional film, 3D film or S3D film) is a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception, hence adding a third dimension.", "3D film __knowledge__ The most common approach to the production of 3D films is derived from stereoscopic photography.", "3D film __knowledge__ In it, a regular motion picture camera system is used to record the images as seen from two perspectives (or computer-generated imagery generates the two perspectives in post-production), and special projection hardware and/or eyewear are used to limit the visibility of each image in the pair to the viewer's left or right eye only." ] ]

[ 1, 0, 21, 51 ]

[ "I just sent my last job! im a digital artist, so an essential part of my work is technology!", "I have a company that creates 3d printers with pc... its very rewarding to see a 3d print", "Is a printer that prints in 3d, a computer that create a three dimensional object, with material being added together!", "It is a huge step from the begining of printing when they used to duplicate images by means of stamps" ]

[ "Digital art", "Digital art", "Digital art", "Digital art" ]

[ "Agatha Christie's Poirot", "Don't know about her , Agatha Christie's Poirot", "I see is it supposed to be a twist of fate?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Agatha Christie's Poirot is a British mystery drama television series that aired on ITV from 8 January 1989 to 13 November 2013.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ David Suchet stars as the eponymous detective, Agatha Christie's fictional Hercule Poirot.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Initially produced by LWT, the series was later produced by ITV Studios.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ The series also aired on VisionTV in Canada and on PBS and A&E in the United States.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ The programme ran for 13 series and 70 episodes in total; each episode was adapted from a novel or short story by Christie that featured Poirot, and consequently in each episode Poirot is both the main detective in charge of the investigation of a crime (usually murder) and the protagonist who is at the centre of most of the episode's action.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ At the programme's conclusion, which finished with \"\", based on the final Poirot novel, every major literary work by Christie that featured the title character had been adapted.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Clive Exton in partnership with producer Brian Eastman adapted the pilot.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Together, they wrote and produced the first eight series.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Exton and Eastman left \"Poirot\" after 2001, when they began work on \"Rosemary & Thyme\".", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Michele Buck and Damien Timmer, who both went on to form Mammoth Screen, were behind the revamping of the series." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Agatha Christie's Poirot is a British mystery drama television series that aired on ITV from 8 January 1989 to 13 November 2013.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ David Suchet stars as the eponymous detective, Agatha Christie's fictional Hercule Poirot.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Initially produced by LWT, the series was later produced by ITV Studios.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ The series also aired on VisionTV in Canada and on PBS and A&E in the United States.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ The programme ran for 13 series and 70 episodes in total; each episode was adapted from a novel or short story by Christie that featured Poirot, and consequently in each episode Poirot is both the main detective in charge of the investigation of a crime (usually murder) and the protagonist who is at the centre of most of the episode's action.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ At the programme's conclusion, which finished with \"\", based on the final Poirot novel, every major literary work by Christie that featured the title character had been adapted.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Clive Exton in partnership with producer Brian Eastman adapted the pilot.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Together, they wrote and produced the first eight series.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Exton and Eastman left \"Poirot\" after 2001, when they began work on \"Rosemary & Thyme\".", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Michele Buck and Damien Timmer, who both went on to form Mammoth Screen, were behind the revamping of the series.", "Hercule Poirot __knowledge__ Hercule Poirot (, ; ) is a fictional Belgian detective, created by Agatha Christie.", "Hercule Poirot __knowledge__ Poirot is one of Christie's most famous and long-lived characters, appearing in 33 novels, one play (\"Black Coffee\"), and more than 50 short stories published between 1920 and 1975.", "Hercule Poirot __knowledge__ Poirot has been portrayed on radio, in film and on television by various actors, including Austin Trevor, John Moffatt, Albert Finney, Sir Peter Ustinov, Sir Ian Holm, Tony Randall, Alfred Molina, Orson Welles, David Suchet and Sir Kenneth Branagh.", "Hercule Poirot __knowledge__ Poirot's name was derived from two other fictional detectives of the time: Marie Belloc Lowndes' Hercule Popeau and Frank Howel Evans' Monsieur Poiret, a retired Belgian police officer living in London.", "Agatha Christie __knowledge__ Dame Agatha () Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, DBE (\"née\" Miller; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was an English writer.", "Agatha Christie __knowledge__ She is known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around her fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple.", "Agatha Christie __knowledge__ Christie also wrote the world's longest-running play, a murder mystery, \"The Mousetrap\", and six romances under the name Mary Westmacott.", "Agatha Christie __knowledge__ In 1971 she was elevated to Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for her contribution to literature.", "Agatha Christie __knowledge__ Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay, Devon.", "Poirot's Early Cases __knowledge__ Poirot's Early Cases is a short story collection written by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by Collins Crime Club in September 1974.", "Poirot's Early Cases __knowledge__ The book retailed at £2.25.", "Poirot's Early Cases __knowledge__ Although the stories contained within the volume had all appeared in previous US collections, the book also appeared there later in 1974 under the slightly different title of Hercule Poirot's Early Cases in an edition retailing at $6.95.", "Poirot's Early Cases __knowledge__ In the collection, Christie charts some of the cases from Hercule Poirot's early career, before he was internationally renowned as a detective.", "Poirot's Early Cases __knowledge__ All the stories had first been published in periodicals between 1923 and 1935.", "The Big Four (novel) __knowledge__ The Big Four is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by William Collins & Sons on 27 January 1927 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year.", "The Big Four (novel) __knowledge__ It features Hercule Poirot, Arthur Hastings, and Inspector (later, Chief Inspector) Japp.", "The Big Four (novel) __knowledge__ The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00.", "The Big Four (novel) __knowledge__ The structure of the novel is different from other Poirot stories, as it began from twelve short stories (eleven in the US) that had been separately published.", "The Big Four (novel) __knowledge__ This is a tale of international intrigue and espionage, therefore opening up the possibility of more spy fiction from Christie.", "Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express __knowledge__ Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express is a 2006 adventure game developed by AWE Productions and published by The Adventure Company for Microsoft Windows.", "Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express __knowledge__ It is the second installment in The Adventure Company's \"Agatha Christie series\".", "Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express __knowledge__ The setting is five years before the events in \"\", with a largely unrelated storyline.", "Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express __knowledge__ The plot follows an amateur sleuth, Antoinette Marceau, and her investigation of a murder with twelve possible suspects aboard the Orient Express, which has been blocked by an avalanche in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia during 1934.", "Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express __knowledge__ She is aided by famous detective Hercule Poirot.", "Poirot Investigates __knowledge__ Poirot Investigates is a short story collection written by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by The Bodley Head in March 1924.", "Poirot Investigates __knowledge__ In the eleven stories, famed eccentric detective Hercule Poirot solves a variety of mysteries involving greed, jealousy, and revenge.", "Poirot Investigates __knowledge__ The American version of this book, published by Dodd, Mead and Company in 1925, featured a further three stories.", "Poirot Investigates __knowledge__ The UK first edition featured an illustration of Poirot on the dust jacket by W. Smithson Broadhead, reprinted from the 21 March 1923 issue of \"The Sketch\" magazine.", "Poirot Investigates __knowledge__ The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) while the 1925 US edition was $2.00." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Agatha Christie's Poirot is a British mystery drama television series that aired on ITV from 8 January 1989 to 13 November 2013.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ David Suchet stars as the eponymous detective, Agatha Christie's fictional Hercule Poirot.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Initially produced by LWT, the series was later produced by ITV Studios.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ The series also aired on VisionTV in Canada and on PBS and A&E in the United States.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ The programme ran for 13 series and 70 episodes in total; each episode was adapted from a novel or short story by Christie that featured Poirot, and consequently in each episode Poirot is both the main detective in charge of the investigation of a crime (usually murder) and the protagonist who is at the centre of most of the episode's action.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ At the programme's conclusion, which finished with \"\", based on the final Poirot novel, every major literary work by Christie that featured the title character had been adapted.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Clive Exton in partnership with producer Brian Eastman adapted the pilot.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Together, they wrote and produced the first eight series.", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Exton and Eastman left \"Poirot\" after 2001, when they began work on \"Rosemary & Thyme\".", "Agatha Christie's Poirot __knowledge__ Michele Buck and Damien Timmer, who both went on to form Mammoth Screen, were behind the revamping of the series.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The following episodes are the episode list for Endurance.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ Episode seven, fifteen, and sixteen are specials.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The seventh episode recaps the events of the first six days of the competition.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The fifteenth and the sixteenth episodes reunites the cast nearly one year since the series has started.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ In the series premiere, 20 strangers arrive on an island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean, where they meet the host, J.D.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ Roth, who explains the rules to them: every day, there will be a mission that will give one of seven teams a Pyramid Piece, an important item needed to win the game (the pieces are Courage, Heart, Knoweledge, Leadership, Commitment, Perseverance, Trust, Discipline, Strength, and Luck), and the following day features a Temple Mission, which gives the winning team a chance to send two other teams to the Temple of Fate, where one team is eliminated.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ The following is a list of housemates in the fifteenth series of \"Big Brother UK\".", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ Ashley \"Ash\" Harrison, aged 26, is a model from Manchester.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ He entered the house on Day 2.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ On Day 11, when Power Housemate Chris was choosing his next nomination, he narrowed his decision down to Ash and Kimberly.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ To find out who was Chris' biggest threat in the house, a poll was posted on the official \"Big Brother\" app.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ As Ash topped the poll, Chris decided to choose him as his next nomination therefore Ash automatically faced the second public vote.", "List of Big Brother 15 housemates (UK) __knowledge__ He survived eviction on Day 16 having received the least number of votes to evict along with Christopher, however he was nominated for the next public vote after Power Couple Matthew and Toya chose to void his nominations.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ The Prehistory of West Virginia spans ancient times until the arrival of Europeans in the early 17th century.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ Hunters ventured into West Virginia's mountain valleys and made temporary camp villages since the Archaic period in the Americas.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ Many ancient human-made earthen mounds from various mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ The artifacts uncovered in these areas give evidence of a village society with a tribal trade system culture that included limited cold worked copper.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ As of 2009, over 12,500 archaeological sites have been documented in West Virginia.", "Oliver Twist __knowledge__ Oliver Twist, or The Parish Boy's Progress, is author Charles Dickens's second novel, and was first published as a serial 1837–39.", "Oliver Twist __knowledge__ The story centres on orphan Oliver Twist, born in a workhouse and sold into apprenticeship with an undertaker.", "Oliver Twist __knowledge__ After escaping, Twist travels to London, where he meets \"The Artful Dodger\", a member of a gang of juvenile pickpockets led by the elderly criminal, Fagin.", "Oliver Twist __knowledge__ \"Oliver Twist\" is notable for its unromantic portrayal by Dickens of criminals and their sordid lives, as well as for exposing the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London in the mid-19th century.", "Oliver Twist __knowledge__ The alternative title, \"The Parish Boy's Progress\", alludes to Bunyan's \"The Pilgrim's Progress\", as well as the 18th-century caricature series by William Hogarth, \"A Rake's Progress\" and \"A Harlot's Progress\".", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ This list comprises the items featured in the American fantasy-drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\" and its spin-off \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\".", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The Aging Dust is causes the victim to age.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The amount of aging depends on the amount of dust used.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Emma put some in the onion rings she gave Zelena, to accelerate her pregnancy.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ She wanted baby Robin out of the way so she could put the Darkness into Zelena and then kill her with Excalibur.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Mr. Gold owns some as well as he used it to temporarily age a fairy that he and the Evil Queen chased and captured into an old woman.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Regina was mentioned to have found a way to restore the fairy back to her rightful age.", "The Murder of Roger Ackroyd __knowledge__ The Murder of Roger Ackroyd is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in June 1926 in the United Kingdom by William Collins, Sons and in the United States by Dodd, Mead and Company on 19 June 1926.", "The Murder of Roger Ackroyd __knowledge__ It is the third novel to feature Hercule Poirot as the lead detective.", "The Murder of Roger Ackroyd __knowledge__ Poirot retires to a village near the home of a friend he met in London, Roger Ackroyd, who agrees to keep him anonymous, as he pursues his retirement project of perfecting vegetable marrows.", "The Murder of Roger Ackroyd __knowledge__ He is not long at this pursuit when his friend is murdered.", "The Murder of Roger Ackroyd __knowledge__ Ackroyd's niece calls Poirot in to ensure that the guilt does not fall on Ackroyd's son; Poirot promises to find the truth, which she accepts.", "Agatha Christie __knowledge__ Dame Agatha () Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, DBE (\"née\" Miller; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was an English writer.", "Agatha Christie __knowledge__ She is known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around her fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple.", "Agatha Christie __knowledge__ Christie also wrote the world's longest-running play, a murder mystery, \"The Mousetrap\", and six romances under the name Mary Westmacott.", "Agatha Christie __knowledge__ In 1971 she was elevated to Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for her contribution to literature.", "Agatha Christie __knowledge__ Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay, Devon.", "Mystery film __knowledge__ A mystery film is a genre of film that revolves around the solution of a problem or a crime.", "Mystery film __knowledge__ It focuses on the efforts of the detective, private investigator or amateur sleuth to solve the mysterious circumstances of an issue by means of clues, investigation, and clever deduction.", "Mystery film __knowledge__ The plot often centers on the deductive ability, prowess, confidence, or diligence of the detective as they attempt to unravel the crime or situation by piecing together clues and circumstances, seeking evidence, interrogating witnesses, and tracking down a criminal.", "Mystery film __knowledge__ Suspense is often maintained as an important plot element.", "Hercule Poirot __knowledge__ Hercule Poirot (, ; ) is a fictional Belgian detective, created by Agatha Christie.", "Hercule Poirot __knowledge__ Poirot is one of Christie's most famous and long-lived characters, appearing in 33 novels, one play (\"Black Coffee\"), and more than 50 short stories published between 1920 and 1975.", "Hercule Poirot __knowledge__ Poirot has been portrayed on radio, in film and on television by various actors, including Austin Trevor, John Moffatt, Albert Finney, Sir Peter Ustinov, Sir Ian Holm, Tony Randall, Alfred Molina, Orson Welles, David Suchet and Sir Kenneth Branagh.", "Hercule Poirot __knowledge__ Poirot's name was derived from two other fictional detectives of the time: Marie Belloc Lowndes' Hercule Popeau and Frank Howel Evans' Monsieur Poiret, a retired Belgian police officer living in London.", "The Big Four (novel) __knowledge__ The Big Four is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by William Collins & Sons on 27 January 1927 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year.", "The Big Four (novel) __knowledge__ It features Hercule Poirot, Arthur Hastings, and Inspector (later, Chief Inspector) Japp.", "The Big Four (novel) __knowledge__ The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00.", "The Big Four (novel) __knowledge__ The structure of the novel is different from other Poirot stories, as it began from twelve short stories (eleven in the US) that had been separately published.", "The Big Four (novel) __knowledge__ This is a tale of international intrigue and espionage, therefore opening up the possibility of more spy fiction from Christie.", "Georgette Heyer __knowledge__ Georgette Heyer (16 August 1902 – 4 July 1974) was an English historical romance and detective fiction novelist.", "Georgette Heyer __knowledge__ Her writing career began in 1921, when she turned a story for her younger brother into the novel \"The Black Moth\".", "Georgette Heyer __knowledge__ In 1925 Heyer married George Ronald Rougier, a mining engineer.", "Georgette Heyer __knowledge__ The couple spent several years living in Tanganyika Territory and Macedonia before returning to England in 1929.", "Georgette Heyer __knowledge__ After her novel \"These Old Shades\" became popular despite its release during the General Strike, Heyer determined that publicity was not necessary for good sales.", "Georgette Heyer __knowledge__ For the rest of her life, she refused to grant interviews, telling a friend: \"My private life concerns no one but myself and my family.\"" ] ]

[ 1, 5, 5 ]

[ "I love Agatha Christie's Poirot the mystery drama, do you?", "It is a mystery drama adapted from a novel by Christie with such an interesting twist!", "Actually in each episode Poirot played both the detective in charge of the investigation and the protagonist (usually the murderer) " ]

[ "Agatha Christie's Poirot", "Agatha Christie's Poirot", "Agatha Christie's Poirot" ]

[ "Washington Nationals", "I have never heard of them! Have they won a lot of games", "Oh wow that is really good, who are some of the players on the team?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The Washington Nationals are a professional baseball team based in Washington, D.C.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The Nationals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East division.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ From 2005 to 2007, the team played in RFK Stadium; since 2008 their home stadium has been Nationals Park on South Capitol Street in Southeast D.C., near the Anacostia River.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The Nationals are the fourth major league franchise to be based in Washington, D.C., and the first since 1971.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The original Washington Senators, who were often referred to as the Nationals, played in the National League from 1891 to 1899.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ They were followed by a second Washington Senators franchise in 1901, a charter member of the new American League, who were officially named the Washington Nationals from 1905 to 1956.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The second Senators franchise moved to Minnesota in 1961 and became the Minnesota Twins.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ They were replaced that season by a third Senators franchise, who eventually moved to Arlington, Texas, after the 1971 season and became the Texas Rangers.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The current National League club was founded in 1969 as the Montreal Expos, part of the MLB expansion, which included the Seattle Pilots (now the Milwaukee Brewers), Kansas City Royals, and San Diego Padres." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The Washington Nationals are a professional baseball team based in Washington, D.C.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The Nationals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East division.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ From 2005 to 2007, the team played in RFK Stadium; since 2008 their home stadium has been Nationals Park on South Capitol Street in Southeast D.C., near the Anacostia River.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The Nationals are the fourth major league franchise to be based in Washington, D.C., and the first since 1971.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The original Washington Senators, who were often referred to as the Nationals, played in the National League from 1891 to 1899.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ They were followed by a second Washington Senators franchise in 1901, a charter member of the new American League, who were officially named the Washington Nationals from 1905 to 1956.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The second Senators franchise moved to Minnesota in 1961 and became the Minnesota Twins.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ They were replaced that season by a third Senators franchise, who eventually moved to Arlington, Texas, after the 1971 season and became the Texas Rangers.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The current National League club was founded in 1969 as the Montreal Expos, part of the MLB expansion, which included the Seattle Pilots (now the Milwaukee Brewers), Kansas City Royals, and San Diego Padres.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The fate of the unlearned, also known as the destiny of the unevangelized, is an eschatological question about the ultimate destiny of people who have not been exposed to a particular theology or doctrine and thus have no opportunity to embrace it.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The question is whether those who never hear of requirements issued through divine revelations will be punished for failure to abide by those requirements.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ It is sometimes addressed in combination with the similar question of the fate of the unbeliever.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ Differing faith traditions have different responses to the question; in Christianity the fate of the unlearned is related to the question of original sin.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ \"This Is It\" is a song co-written by American pop star and musician Michael Jackson and Canadian singer-songwriter Paul Anka.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ The song was recorded by the former and featured as a track on the album, \"This Is It\" (2009), which accompanies the 2009 concert documentary \"Michael Jackson's This Is It\".", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ It was premiered worldwide on Jackson's official website on October 12, 2009 four months after his death on June 25, 2009.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ Although Sony Music Entertainment referred to the song as a \"new single\" during its promotion, it was later confirmed that the song would only be sent for airplay, and not be available to buy as a single release.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\".", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He released his debut album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", in 1946.", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ The 2008 presidential campaign of Joe Biden, the longtime Senator from Delaware, announced his candidacy for President of the United States on the edition of January 7, 2007 of \"Meet the Press\".", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ He officially became a candidate on January 31, 2007 after filing papers with the Federal Elections Commission.", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ Biden had previously run for president in 1988, but failed to receive the nomination of the Democratic Party.", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ If elected, Biden would have been the first sitting Senator and Roman Catholic to become president since John F. Kennedy, and the first President to be born during World War II.", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ (b.", "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ 1942) During the campaign, Biden focused on his plan to achieve political success in the Iraq War through a system of federalization.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Madelyn Dunham __knowledge__ Madelyn Lee Payne Dunham ( ; October 26, 1922 – November 2, 2008) was the American maternal grandmother of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States.", "Madelyn Dunham __knowledge__ She and her husband Stanley Armour Dunham raised Obama from age ten in their Honolulu, Hawaii, apartment, where on November 2, 2008, she died two days before her grandson was elected President.", "Madelyn Dunham __knowledge__ Madelyn Dunham, born Madelyn Lee Payne on October 26, 1922, in Peru, Kansas, was the eldest of four children of Rolla Charles \"R.C.\"", "Madelyn Dunham __knowledge__ Payne (August 23, 1892 – October 15, 1968) and Leona Belle (McCurry) Payne (May 7, 1897 – March 22, 1968).", "Madelyn Dunham __knowledge__ In Barack Obama's memoir, \"Dreams From My Father\", he describes his great-grandparents as \"stern Methodist parents who did not believe in drinking, playing cards, or dancing.\"", "Washington Nationals minor league players __knowledge__ Minor league players and teams affiliated with the Washington Nationals professional baseball organization include: Jeffrey Sean Ames (born January 31, 1991) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Washington Nationals organization.", "Washington Nationals minor league players __knowledge__ Prior to becoming a professional ballplayer, Ames pitched for Lower Columbia College in Longview, Washington, near his hometown of Vancouver, a suburb of Portland, Oregon.", "Washington Nationals minor league players __knowledge__ A graduate of Skyview High School, he was noted for a fastball topping out at 100 mph in college.", "Washington Nationals minor league players __knowledge__ The Philadelphia Phillies drafted Ames in the 46th round of the 2009 Major League Baseball draft, but he chose to attend college instead of signing.", "2016 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The 2016 Washington Nationals season was the Nationals' 12th season as the baseball franchise of Major League Baseball in the District of Columbia, the ninth season at Nationals Park, and the 48th since the original team was started in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "2016 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ They won the National League East division title for the third time in five years, posting a 95–67 record, and were defeated by the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games in the Division Series.", "2016 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ Less than 24 hours after the end of the 2015 season, manager Matt Williams and his entire coaching staff were dismissed.", "2016 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ Some coaches were offered other positions in the organization, with bench coach Randy Knorr notably accepting a position as senior assistant to general manager Mike Rizzo for player development.", "History of the Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The Montreal Expos joined the National League in 1969, along with the San Diego Padres, with a majority share held by Charles Bronfman, a major shareholder in Seagram.", "History of the Washington Nationals __knowledge__ Named after the Expo 67 World's Fair, the Expos' initial home was Jarry Park.", "History of the Washington Nationals __knowledge__ Managed by Gene Mauch, the team lost 110 games in their first season, coincidentally matching the Padres inaugural win-loss record, and continued to struggle during their first decade with sub-.500 seasons.", "History of the Washington Nationals __knowledge__ Starting in 1977, the team's home venue was Montreal's Olympic Stadium, built for the 1976 Summer Olympics.", "History of the Washington Nationals __knowledge__ Two years later, the team won a franchise-high 95 games, finishing second in the National League East.", "2015 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The 2015 Washington Nationals season was the Nationals' 11th season as the baseball franchise of Major League Baseball in the District of Columbia, the eighth season at Nationals Park, and the 47th since the original team was started in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "2015 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The team finished in second place in the National League East with a record of 83–79.", "2015 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ Manager Matt Williams and the entire coaching staff were dismissed at the conclusion of the season.", "2015 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ On December 12, 2014, the Nationals traded Ross Detwiler to the Texas Rangers for Abel De Los Santos and minor-leaguer Chris Bostick.", "2015 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ On December 19, 2014, the Nationals took part in a three-team trade.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The 2017 Washington Nationals season was the Nationals' 13th season as the baseball franchise of Major League Baseball in the District of Columbia, the 10th season at Nationals Park, and the 49th since the original team was started in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ They won the National League East division title for the fourth time in six years but were defeated by the Chicago Cubs in the Division Series.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The Washington Nationals announced in October 2016 that their entire coaching staff would return for the 2017 season, led by manager Dusty Baker.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The team lost several players to free agency after the 2016 season, including right-handed relief pitcher Matt Belisle, left-handed reliever Sean Burnett, infielder Stephen Drew, outfielder Chris Heisey, right-handed pitcher Mat Latos, closer Mark Melancon, catcher Wilson Ramos, and left-handed reliever Marc Rzepczynski.", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ This is a summary of the evolution of nicknames of the current Major League Baseball teams, and also of selected former major and minor league teams whose nicknames were influential, long-lasting, or both.", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ The sources of the nicknames included club names, team colors, and city symbols.", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ The nicknames have sometimes been dubbed by the media, other times through conscious marketing by the team, or sometimes a little of both.", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ \"See also Team names and colors\" Athletic teams have long used colors and nicknames as a form of team identity.This echoes the use of colors and nicknames in other activities such as heraldry, the military, and the flags of nations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The Washington Nationals are a professional baseball team based in Washington, D.C.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The Nationals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East division.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ From 2005 to 2007, the team played in RFK Stadium; since 2008 their home stadium has been Nationals Park on South Capitol Street in Southeast D.C., near the Anacostia River.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The Nationals are the fourth major league franchise to be based in Washington, D.C., and the first since 1971.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The original Washington Senators, who were often referred to as the Nationals, played in the National League from 1891 to 1899.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ They were followed by a second Washington Senators franchise in 1901, a charter member of the new American League, who were officially named the Washington Nationals from 1905 to 1956.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The second Senators franchise moved to Minnesota in 1961 and became the Minnesota Twins.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ They were replaced that season by a third Senators franchise, who eventually moved to Arlington, Texas, after the 1971 season and became the Texas Rangers.", "Washington Nationals __knowledge__ The current National League club was founded in 1969 as the Montreal Expos, part of the MLB expansion, which included the Seattle Pilots (now the Milwaukee Brewers), Kansas City Royals, and San Diego Padres.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Jedward __knowledge__ John and Edward Grimes (born 16 October 1991), known professionally as Jedward, are an Irish singing and television presenting duo.", "Jedward __knowledge__ They are identical twins and first appeared as John & Edward in the sixth series of \"The X Factor\" in 2009, generating a phenomenon of ironic popularity described as \"the Jedward paradox\".", "Jedward __knowledge__ They finished sixth and were managed by Louis Walsh, who was their mentor during \"The X Factor\".", "Jedward __knowledge__ Jedward have released three albums: \"Planet Jedward\", \"Victory\", and \"Young Love\".", "Jedward __knowledge__ The first two went double platinum in Ireland.", "Jedward __knowledge__ They have released nine singles, including \"Under Pressure (Ice Ice Baby)\", a mash-up of \"Under Pressure\" by Queen/David Bowie and Vanilla Ice's \"Ice Ice Baby\"; \"Lipstick\", with which they represented Ireland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011; and \"Waterline\", with which they represented Ireland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably.", "2009 Boise State Broncos football team __knowledge__ The 2009 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2009 Boise State Broncos football team __knowledge__ The Broncos played their home games at Bronco Stadium, most famous for its blue artificial turf surface, often referred to as the \"smurf-turf\".", "2009 Boise State Broncos football team __knowledge__ They completed the regular season undefeated (13–0), their second consecutive unbeaten regular season and fourth in the last six years (2004, 2006, 2008, 2009), and won the WAC title for the seventh time in the last eight years.", "2009 Boise State Broncos football team __knowledge__ The Broncos capped their season with a showdown against fellow unbeaten TCU in the 2010 Fiesta Bowl, which marked the Broncos' return to the site of the game that put the program on the national sports map, the 2007 Fiesta Bowl.", "4th Time Around __knowledge__ \"4th Time Around\" is a song by Bob Dylan on his 1966 album, \"Blonde on Blonde\".", "4th Time Around __knowledge__ With lyrics that contrast the mundane and the absurd with the unbearably heartfelt, \"4th Time Around\" is suggestive of a young romance gone wrong.", "4th Time Around __knowledge__ The song revolves around the actions and brief spoken phrases of a man and a woman who are, presumably, in the midst of a lovers' quarrel.", "4th Time Around __knowledge__ The narrative is recounted to a third person who, in later stanzas, becomes the subject of the tale as well as its audience.", "4th Time Around __knowledge__ The song opens with what could be interpreted as the summary of the argument \"When she said/ Don't waste your words, they're just lies/ I cried she was deaf.\"", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Pretty Good Dance Moves is an indietronica band from Chicago, Illinois in the United States.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Their sound, sometimes also labeled as electropop, is influenced by 1980s new wave, electronic, pop and indie rock genres.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Pretty Good Dance Moves started in 2007 in Chicago when Aaron and Jimmy met while bartending together in Chicago.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Their parents are of Italian and Greek-Cyprian descent respectively.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Pretty Good Dance Moves's first songs were \"P.G.D.M\" and \"Demons Dancing\" which were recorded between June and September 2007.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Jimmy and Aaron were looking for some female presence in the group and called up Genevieve Schatz from Chicago band Company of Thieves and started to create music together.", "Joey Logano __knowledge__ Joseph Thomas Logano (born May 24, 1990), nicknamed \"Sliced Bread,\" is an American professional stock car racing driver.", "Joey Logano __knowledge__ He currently competes full-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No.", "Joey Logano __knowledge__ 22 Ford Fusion for Team Penske, and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No.", "Joey Logano __knowledge__ 12 and No.", "Joey Logano __knowledge__ 22 Ford Mustangs for Team Penske.", "Joey Logano __knowledge__ His Penske contract extends through the 2022 season.", "Joey Logano __knowledge__ He previously drove the No.", "Joey Logano __knowledge__ 20 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing from 2008 to 2012, collecting two wins and 41 Top 10 finishes.", "Joey Logano __knowledge__ Logano's first major NASCAR win came during the Meijer 300 at Kentucky Speedway in just his third start in the 2008 Nationwide Series.", "Scott Feldman __knowledge__ Scott Wynne Feldman (born February 7, 1983) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent.", "Scott Feldman __knowledge__ He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Texas Rangers, Chicago Cubs, Baltimore Orioles, Houston Astros, Toronto Blue Jays and Cincinnati Reds.", "Scott Feldman __knowledge__ After going 25–2 in his first two years of college baseball, he was drafted in the 30th round by the Texas Rangers in 2003.", "Scott Feldman __knowledge__ Feldman had Tommy John surgery later that year.", "Scott Feldman __knowledge__ He followed it up with a minor league career in which he had a 2.70 ERA, and held batters to only 6.6 hits per 9 innings, pitching almost exclusively in relief.", "Scott Feldman __knowledge__ After pitching out of the bullpen while bouncing back and forth between Texas and its Triple-A affiliate in 2005–07, Feldman converted to a starter in 2008.", "Trojans Korfball Club __knowledge__ Established in 1972, Trojans Korfball Club is based in Croydon, Surrey, England.", "Trojans Korfball Club __knowledge__ They participate in the Dutch sport Korfball and are a member of the England Korfball Association.", "Trojans Korfball Club __knowledge__ They are 8 time National League Champions (2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15), 4 time EKA Cup Champions (2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09 & 2009–10) and have also won the Europa Shield in 2007 in Vilanova i la Geltrú and a bronze medal at the Europa Cup 2012 in Warsawa.", "Trojans Korfball Club __knowledge__ The club has been established in the National League for many years and has only recently begun to reap the rewards of its hard labour." ] ]

[ 1, 59, 9 ]

[ "My favorite baseball team is the Nationals. The are a team based out of Washington DC", "Last year the won their division for the 4th time in 6 years. So they are pretty good", "They have a lot of well known players such as Bryce Harper. The team was based out of Montreal and were known as the Expos" ]

[ "Washington Nationals", "Washington Nationals", "Washington Nationals" ]

[ "Hair loss\nI had hair. I had youth. I have energy. Did I mention I had hair? I'm going thin up top friend... know anything on this?", "I'm thinking about getting that can spray on TV, people may notice that I have no hair one day and the next I have hair that rubs off on my shirt the next, right?", "I think that is what I may try then. I see those guys with the wig blowing off in the wind. I just can't do that. I'm good with a spray paint can, I think make art ", "Just patches. On my head... chest, legs. Maybe mange? It started last week and I only have minor piles of hair left. Clumps really" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Typically at least the head is involved.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ The severity of hair loss can vary from a small area to the entire body.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Typically inflammation or scarring is not present.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Hair loss in some people causes psychological distress.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Common types include: male-pattern hair loss, female-pattern hair loss, alopecia areata, and a thinning of hair known as telogen effluvium.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ The cause of male-pattern hair loss is a combination of genetics and male hormones, the cause of female pattern hair loss is unclear, the cause of alopecia areata is autoimmune, and the cause of telogen effluvium is typically a physically or psychologically stressful event.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Telogen effluvium is very common following pregnancy.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Less common causes of hair loss without inflammation or scarring include the pulling out of hair, certain medications including chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS, hypothyroidism, and malnutrition including iron deficiency.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Causes of hair loss that occurs with scarring or inflammation include fungal infection, lupus erythematosus, radiation therapy, and sarcoidosis.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Diagnosis of hair loss is partly based on the areas affected.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical is a rock musical with a book and lyrics by James Rado and Gerome Ragni and music by Galt MacDermot.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ A product of the hippie counterculture and sexual revolution of the late 1960s, several of its songs became anthems of the anti-Vietnam War peace movement.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical's profanity, its depiction of the use of illegal drugs, its treatment of sexuality, its irreverence for the American flag, and its nude scene caused much comment and controversy.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical broke new ground in musical theatre by defining the genre of \"rock musical\", using a racially integrated cast, and inviting the audience onstage for a \"Be-In\" finale.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Typically at least the head is involved.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ The severity of hair loss can vary from a small area to the entire body.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Typically inflammation or scarring is not present.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Hair loss in some people causes psychological distress.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Common types include: male-pattern hair loss, female-pattern hair loss, alopecia areata, and a thinning of hair known as telogen effluvium.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ The cause of male-pattern hair loss is a combination of genetics and male hormones, the cause of female pattern hair loss is unclear, the cause of alopecia areata is autoimmune, and the cause of telogen effluvium is typically a physically or psychologically stressful event.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Telogen effluvium is very common following pregnancy.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Less common causes of hair loss without inflammation or scarring include the pulling out of hair, certain medications including chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS, hypothyroidism, and malnutrition including iron deficiency.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Causes of hair loss that occurs with scarring or inflammation include fungal infection, lupus erythematosus, radiation therapy, and sarcoidosis.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Diagnosis of hair loss is partly based on the areas affected.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ Pattern hair loss, known as male-pattern hair loss (MPHL) when it affects males and female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) when it affects females, is hair loss that primarily affects the top and front of the scalp.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ In males the hair loss often presents as a receding hairline while in females it typically presents as a thinning of the hair.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ Male pattern hair loss is believed to be due to a combination of genetics and the male hormone dihydrotestosterone.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ The cause in female pattern hair loss remains unclear.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ Management may include simply accepting the condition.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ Otherwise, treatments may include minoxidil, finasteride, or hair transplant surgery.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ The management of hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, may include medications and surgery.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ Treatments for the various forms of hair loss have only moderate success.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ Three medications have evidence to support their use in male pattern hair loss: finasteride, dutasteride and minoxidil.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ They typically work better to prevent further hair loss than to regrow lost hair.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ They may be used together when hair loss is progressive or further regrowth is desired after 12 months.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ Other medications include ketoconazole, and in female androgenic alopecia spironolactone and flutamide.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ Combinations of finasteride, minoxidil and ketoconazole are more effective than individual use.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ Finasteride, sold under the brand names Proscar and Propecia among others, is a medication used mainly to treat an enlarged prostate or scalp hair loss in men.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ It can also be used to treat excessive hair growth in women and as a part of hormone therapy for transgender women.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ It is taken by mouth.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ Side effects are generally mild.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ It may increase the risk of certain rare forms of prostate cancer, and that some men may experience sexual dysfunction, depression, anxiety, or breast enlargement; the sexual dysfunction can be very distressing.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor and works by decreasing the production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), an androgen sex hormone, in certain parts of the body like the prostate gland and the scalp.", "Toupée __knowledge__ A toupée ( ) is a hairpiece or partial wig of natural or synthetic hair worn to cover partial baldness or for theatrical purposes.", "Toupée __knowledge__ While toupées and hairpieces are typically associated with male wearers, some women also use hairpieces to lengthen existing hair, or cover a partially exposed scalp.", "Toupée __knowledge__ The desire to wear hairpieces is caused in part by a long-standing bias against balding that crosses cultures, dating to at least 3100 BC.", "Toupée __knowledge__ Toupée manufacturers' financial results indicate that toupée use is in overall decline, due in part to alternative methods for dealing with baldness, and to greater cultural acceptance of the condition.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care is an overall term for hygiene and cosmetology involving the hair which grows from the human scalp, and to a lesser extent facial, pubic and other body hair.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care routines differ according to an individual's culture and the physical characteristics of one's hair.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair may be colored, trimmed, shaved, plucked, or otherwise removed with treatments such as waxing, sugaring, and threading.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care services are offered in salons, barbershops, and day spas, and products are available commercially for home use.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Laser hair removal and electrolysis are also available, though these are provided (in the US) by licensed professionals in medical offices or speciality spas.", "Minoxidil __knowledge__ Minoxidil is an antihypertensive vasodilator medication and is used to treat hair loss.", "Minoxidil __knowledge__ It is available as a generic medication and over the counter for the treatment of androgenic alopecia, a form of hair loss, in men and women.", "Minoxidil __knowledge__ Minoxidil, applied topically, is widely used for the treatment of hair loss.", "Minoxidil __knowledge__ It is effective in helping promote hair growth in both men and women with androgenic alopecia.", "Minoxidil __knowledge__ About 40% of men experience hair regrowth after 3–6 months.", "Minoxidil __knowledge__ Minoxidil must be used indefinitely for continued support of existing hair follicles and the maintenance of any experienced hair regrowth.", "Minoxidil __knowledge__ Its effect in people with alopecia areata is unclear." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Typically at least the head is involved.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ The severity of hair loss can vary from a small area to the entire body.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Typically inflammation or scarring is not present.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Hair loss in some people causes psychological distress.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Common types include: male-pattern hair loss, female-pattern hair loss, alopecia areata, and a thinning of hair known as telogen effluvium.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ The cause of male-pattern hair loss is a combination of genetics and male hormones, the cause of female pattern hair loss is unclear, the cause of alopecia areata is autoimmune, and the cause of telogen effluvium is typically a physically or psychologically stressful event.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Telogen effluvium is very common following pregnancy.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Less common causes of hair loss without inflammation or scarring include the pulling out of hair, certain medications including chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS, hypothyroidism, and malnutrition including iron deficiency.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Causes of hair loss that occurs with scarring or inflammation include fungal infection, lupus erythematosus, radiation therapy, and sarcoidosis.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Diagnosis of hair loss is partly based on the areas affected.", "Graffiti __knowledge__ Graffiti (plural of \"graffito\": \"a graffito\", but \"these graffiti\") are writing or drawings that have been scribbled, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall or other surface, often within public view.", "Graffiti __knowledge__ Graffiti range from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and they have existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire.", "Graffiti __knowledge__ In modern times, paint (particularly spray paint) and marker pens have become the most commonly used graffiti materials.", "Graffiti __knowledge__ In most countries, marking or painting property without the property owner's permission is considered defacement and vandalism, which is a punishable crime.", "Spray paint safety __knowledge__ Spray painting poses health hazards that affect the respiratory, nervous, and circulatory systems.", "Spray paint safety __knowledge__ Similarly, using solvents to clean one’s hands of paint marks and residue may cause skin irritation or even more serious issues since many are carcinogenic or neurotoxic.", "Spray paint safety __knowledge__ There are risks involved in working with substances such as paint and thinner, which contain compounds that are potentially harmful to health, or even fatal.", "Spray paint safety __knowledge__ Foremost in spray paint safety is proper orientation and training for personnel who are responsible for conducting the painting procedures.", "Spray paint safety __knowledge__ Acquiring a high level of competence in handling spray paint products is the best measure of preventing injuries and illness in the workplace.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Graffiti in the United States __knowledge__ Graffiti in the United States are writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place.", "Graffiti in the United States __knowledge__ Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings.", "Graffiti in the United States __knowledge__ Graffiti, consisting of the defacement of public spaces and buildings, remains a nuisance issue for cities.", "Graffiti in the United States __knowledge__ It also has had an international influence especially from the examples in the New York City, Philadelphia, and Chicago metro areas.", "Graffiti in the United States __knowledge__ In America around the late 1960s, graffiti was used as a form of expression by political activists, and also by gangs such as the Savage Skulls, La Familia, and Savage Nomads to mark territory.", "Chor Boogie __knowledge__ Chor Boogie (born Jason Lamar Hailey ) is an American spray paint artist based in San Francisco, California.", "Chor Boogie __knowledge__ Chor Boogie was born Jason Lamar Hailey in Oceanside, California in 1979.", "Chor Boogie __knowledge__ He was introduced to art in general at the age of five by a teacher in grade school, after which he decided he wanted to be an artist when he grew up.", "Chor Boogie __knowledge__ He first used spray paint at age 10, chose the name \"Chore\" for himself at age 11 (later dropped the \"e\") to describe his enjoyment of art from a professional standpoint.", "Chor Boogie __knowledge__ He did not receive formal art training, because spray paint was discouraged as art.", "Chor Boogie __knowledge__ He later began to volunteer as the director of mural projects for Writers Block, a San Diego group that created art with high school students.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ Pattern hair loss, known as male-pattern hair loss (MPHL) when it affects males and female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) when it affects females, is hair loss that primarily affects the top and front of the scalp.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ In males the hair loss often presents as a receding hairline while in females it typically presents as a thinning of the hair.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ Male pattern hair loss is believed to be due to a combination of genetics and the male hormone dihydrotestosterone.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ The cause in female pattern hair loss remains unclear.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ Management may include simply accepting the condition.", "Pattern hair loss __knowledge__ Otherwise, treatments may include minoxidil, finasteride, or hair transplant surgery.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ The management of hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, may include medications and surgery.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ Treatments for the various forms of hair loss have only moderate success.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ Three medications have evidence to support their use in male pattern hair loss: finasteride, dutasteride and minoxidil.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ They typically work better to prevent further hair loss than to regrow lost hair.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ They may be used together when hair loss is progressive or further regrowth is desired after 12 months.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ Other medications include ketoconazole, and in female androgenic alopecia spironolactone and flutamide.", "Management of hair loss __knowledge__ Combinations of finasteride, minoxidil and ketoconazole are more effective than individual use.", "Hair cloning __knowledge__ Hair multiplication or hair cloning is a proposed technique to counter hair loss.", "Hair cloning __knowledge__ The technology to clone hair is not yet available.", "Hair cloning __knowledge__ Many millions of dollars were put into research on the subject by Aderans, but they have stopped researching it.", "Hair cloning __knowledge__ Experts previously assumed that in the case of complete baldness, follicles are completely absent from the scalp, so they cannot be regenerated.", "Hair cloning __knowledge__ However it was discovered that the follicles are not entirely absent, as there are stem cells in the bald scalp from which the follicles naturally arise.", "Hair cloning __knowledge__ Abnormal behavior of these follicles is suggested to be the result of progenitor cell deficiency in these areas.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ Finasteride, sold under the brand names Proscar and Propecia among others, is a medication used mainly to treat an enlarged prostate or scalp hair loss in men.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ It can also be used to treat excessive hair growth in women and as a part of hormone therapy for transgender women.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ It is taken by mouth.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ Side effects are generally mild.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ It may increase the risk of certain rare forms of prostate cancer, and that some men may experience sexual dysfunction, depression, anxiety, or breast enlargement; the sexual dysfunction can be very distressing.", "Finasteride __knowledge__ Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor and works by decreasing the production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), an androgen sex hormone, in certain parts of the body like the prostate gland and the scalp.", "Toupée __knowledge__ A toupée ( ) is a hairpiece or partial wig of natural or synthetic hair worn to cover partial baldness or for theatrical purposes.", "Toupée __knowledge__ While toupées and hairpieces are typically associated with male wearers, some women also use hairpieces to lengthen existing hair, or cover a partially exposed scalp.", "Toupée __knowledge__ The desire to wear hairpieces is caused in part by a long-standing bias against balding that crosses cultures, dating to at least 3100 BC.", "Toupée __knowledge__ Toupée manufacturers' financial results indicate that toupée use is in overall decline, due in part to alternative methods for dealing with baldness, and to greater cultural acceptance of the condition.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care is an overall term for hygiene and cosmetology involving the hair which grows from the human scalp, and to a lesser extent facial, pubic and other body hair.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care routines differ according to an individual's culture and the physical characteristics of one's hair.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair may be colored, trimmed, shaved, plucked, or otherwise removed with treatments such as waxing, sugaring, and threading.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care services are offered in salons, barbershops, and day spas, and products are available commercially for home use.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Laser hair removal and electrolysis are also available, though these are provided (in the US) by licensed professionals in medical offices or speciality spas." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Typically at least the head is involved.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ The severity of hair loss can vary from a small area to the entire body.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Typically inflammation or scarring is not present.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Hair loss in some people causes psychological distress.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Common types include: male-pattern hair loss, female-pattern hair loss, alopecia areata, and a thinning of hair known as telogen effluvium.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ The cause of male-pattern hair loss is a combination of genetics and male hormones, the cause of female pattern hair loss is unclear, the cause of alopecia areata is autoimmune, and the cause of telogen effluvium is typically a physically or psychologically stressful event.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Telogen effluvium is very common following pregnancy.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Less common causes of hair loss without inflammation or scarring include the pulling out of hair, certain medications including chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS, hypothyroidism, and malnutrition including iron deficiency.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Causes of hair loss that occurs with scarring or inflammation include fungal infection, lupus erythematosus, radiation therapy, and sarcoidosis.", "Hair loss __knowledge__ Diagnosis of hair loss is partly based on the areas affected.", "Demodicosis __knowledge__ Demodicosis, also called demodectic mange or red mange, is caused by a sensitivity to and overpopulation of \"Demodex canis\" as the hosts immune system is unable to keep the mites under control.", "Demodicosis __knowledge__ \"Demodex\" is a genus of mite in the family Demodicidae.", "Demodicosis __knowledge__ \"Demodex canis\" occurs naturally in the hair follicles of most dogs in low numbers around the face and other areas of the body.", "Demodicosis __knowledge__ In most dogs, these mites never cause problems.", "Demodicosis __knowledge__ However, in certain situations, such as an underdeveloped or impaired immune system, intense stress, or malnutrition, the mites can reproduce rapidly, causing symptoms in sensitive dogs that range from mild irritation and hair loss on a small patch of skin to severe and widespread inflammation, secondary infection, and in rare cases can be a life-threatening condition.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Mange __knowledge__ Mange is a type of skin diseases caused by parasitic mites.", "Mange __knowledge__ Since mites also infect plants, birds, and reptiles, the term \"mange\", suggesting poor condition of the hairy coat due to the infection, is sometimes reserved only for pathological mite-infestation of nonhuman mammals.", "Mange __knowledge__ Thus, mange includes mite-associated skin disease in domestic animals (cats and dogs), in livestock (such as sheep scab), and in wild animals (for example, coyotes, cougars, and bears).", "Mange __knowledge__ Since mites belong to the arachnid subclass Acari (also called Acarina), another term for mite infestation is acariasis.", "Mange __knowledge__ Parasitic mites that cause mange in mammals embed themselves either in skin or hair follicles in the animal, depending upon their genus.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Thomas Todd Manning is a fictional character from the American daytime drama \"One Life to Live\" (\"OLTL\").", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Created by writer Michael Malone, the role was originated in 1992 by actor Roger Howarth.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Todd was a college student and fraternity brother to Kevin Buchanan, Zach Rosen, and Powell Lord.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ In 1993, following a storyline in which he becomes acquainted with Marty Saybrooke, he initiates a gang rape on her with the help of Zach and Powell.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ The storyline was considered groundbreaking by television critics.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Its main players—Howarth, Susan Haskell (Marty), and Hillary B. Smith (Todd's lawyer Nora Hanen)—won Emmys in 1994, as did Malone and his writing team.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "Clare Balding __knowledge__ Clare Victoria Balding (born 29 January 1971) is an award-winning broadcaster, journalist and author.", "Clare Balding __knowledge__ She currently presents for BBC Sport, Channel 4, BT Sport and formerly presented the religious/spiritual programme \"Good Morning Sunday\" on BBC Radio 2.", "Clare Balding __knowledge__ Balding was educated at Downe House in Berkshire, where she was Head Girl and a contemporary of comedian Miranda Hart.", "Clare Balding __knowledge__ Hart and Balding are in fact tenth-cousins, sharing a nine-times-great-grandfather in Sir William Leveson-Gower, 4th Baronet.", "Clare Balding __knowledge__ Balding applied to read law at Christ's College, Cambridge, but failed her interview and realised that law was not what she most wanted to do.", "Ian Balding __knowledge__ Ian Balding (born 7 November 1938) is a British horse trainer.", "Ian Balding __knowledge__ He is the son of the polo player and racehorse trainer Gerald Matthews Balding and the younger brother of trainer Toby Balding.", "Ian Balding __knowledge__ Born in the US, his family returned to the UK in 1945.", "Ian Balding __knowledge__ He was educated at Marlborough College and Millfield school in Somerset.", "Ian Balding __knowledge__ He went up to Christ's College, Cambridge in 1959 to read Rural Estate Management, where he played Rugby for the University team, gaining his Blue in 1961 at full back.", "Ian Balding __knowledge__ He started training in 1964.Kingsclere became his home at the age of 26 and it is here that earned his reputation as an internationally respected trainer.", "Al Balding __knowledge__ Allan George Balding (April 29, 1924 – July 30, 2006) was a Canadian professional golfer, who won four events on the PGA Tour.", "Al Balding __knowledge__ In 1955 he became the first Canadian to win a PGA Tour event in the United States; Canadians Ken Black (1936 Vancouver Jubilee Open) and Jules Huot (1937 General Brock Open) had won PGA Tour events in Canada in the 1930s.", "Al Balding __knowledge__ Balding was born in Toronto, Ontario.", "Al Balding __knowledge__ He served for three years as a member of the Canadian Army during World War II, and saw duty in France and Germany.", "Al Balding __knowledge__ After the war in the late 1940s, Balding worked at a Toronto tire manufacturing company.", "Al Balding __knowledge__ He had played golf only occasionally as a youth, but began playing more after the War ended, improving his game rapidly.", "Balding Avenue Historic District __knowledge__ The Balding Avenue Historic District is located along the street of the same name, between Mansion and Marshall streets, in Poughkeepsie, New York, United States.", "Balding Avenue Historic District __knowledge__ These four acres (1.6 ha) include 27 houses mostly built in the late 19th century.", "Balding Avenue Historic District __knowledge__ Unlike some of the city's other residential historic districts, Balding Avenue was a middle class neighborhood, and its houses still reflect that.", "Balding Avenue Historic District __knowledge__ It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.", "Balding Avenue Historic District __knowledge__ The district consists of Balding Avenue between its southern end at Mansion Street and the next intersection to the north at Marshall Street, and the lots of every house with a Balding address in that corridor.", "Adam Balding __knowledge__ Adam Balding (born 7 December 1979, Coventry) is a retired English rugby union footballer, his most recent team he played for was London Welsh.", "Adam Balding __knowledge__ He played as a number eight.", "Adam Balding __knowledge__ Balding came through Leicester Tigers academy and went on to make 66 appearances for the first XV.", "Adam Balding __knowledge__ While there, he won the Premiership and Heineken Cup.", "Adam Balding __knowledge__ Balding was called up to the senior England squad for the 2002 tour of Argentina.", "Adam Balding __knowledge__ Balding signed for Gloucester for the start of the 2004–05 season.", "Adam Balding __knowledge__ After some impressive performances in his debut season, he was made club captain towards the back end of the season.", "Adam Balding __knowledge__ In Gloucester's first game of the 2005/06 season at Worcester, Balding was injured only a few minutes into the game.", "Toby Balding __knowledge__ Gerald Barnard Balding Jr. OBE (23 September 1936 – 25 September 2014), known as Toby Balding, was a British racehorse trainer, one of the few to have won the \"big three\" British jump races—the Grand National, Cheltenham Gold Cup and Champion Hurdle.", "Toby Balding __knowledge__ He was born in the United States where his father, Gerald Barnard Balding, Sr., ran a polo team.", "Toby Balding __knowledge__ The family returned to the UK in 1945 and Toby was educated at Marlborough College.", "Toby Balding __knowledge__ His brother, Ian Balding, also a retired trainer, trained Mill Reef to win the Epsom Derby.", "Toby Balding __knowledge__ TV presenter Clare Balding is his niece and trainer Andrew Balding his nephew.", "Robert Black (serial killer) __knowledge__ Robert Black (21 April 1947 – 12 January 2016) was a Scottish serial killer and paedophile who was convicted of the kidnap, rape, sexual assault and murder of four girls aged between 5 and 11 in a series of killings committed between 1981 and 1986 in the United Kingdom.", "Robert Black (serial killer) __knowledge__ Black was convicted of the kidnapping, rape and murder of three girls on 19 May 1994.", "Robert Black (serial killer) __knowledge__ He was also convicted of the kidnapping of a fourth girl, and had earlier been convicted of the kidnapping and sexual assault of a fifth.", "Robert Black (serial killer) __knowledge__ He was sentenced to life imprisonment, with a recommendation that he serve a minimum of 35 years.", "Robert Black (serial killer) __knowledge__ Black was further convicted of the 1981 sexual assault and murder of nine-year-old Jennifer Cardy in 2011, and at the time of his death was regarded as the prime suspect in the 1978 disappearance and murder of 13-year-old Genette Tate." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Yeah man I feel you that's so awful. Hair loss and baldness are the worst.", "I'm sure that is better than having complete baldness or hair loss.", "So are you just balding on your head or what? Typically it just involves the head.", "That's surprising, it is usually the head but it can vary from a small area to the entire body." ]

[ "Hair loss", "Hair loss", "Hair loss", "Hair loss" ]

[ "Graduate school\nI am in my last year of grad school, you in college?", "Neat! Yes I already have my undergraduate degree in Graphic Design. What field is your cousin in grad school for?", "Wow! Intensive studies! Yeah I know many other people working on their Master's degree. I can't wait to be done!", "Yes! I am getting my grad degree at the university. It is much more convenient for the students!", "Wow! Very interesting! I'm sure the terms can get confusing sometimes. Is it the same length in Canada?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A distinction is typically made between graduate schools (where courses of study vary in the degree to which they provide training for a particular profession) and professional schools, which offer specialized advanced degrees in professional fields such as medicine, nursing, business, engineering, or law.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ The distinction between graduate schools and professional schools is not absolute, as various professional schools offer graduate degrees (e.g., some nursing schools offer a master's degree in nursing).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Also, some graduate degrees train students for a specific profession (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ an MSc or a PhD in epidemiology trains a person to be an epidemiologist).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ While the term \"graduate school\" is typical in the United States and often used elsewhere (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Canada), \"postgraduate education\" is also used in English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Pakistan and the UK) to refer to the spectrum of education beyond a bachelor's degree.", "Jeffrey McDaniel __knowledge__ Jeffrey McDaniel (born 1967) is an American poet.", "Jeffrey McDaniel __knowledge__ He has published five books of poetry, most recently \"Chapel of Inadvertent Joy\" (University of Pittsburgh Press).", "Jeffrey McDaniel __knowledge__ He is the recipient of a creative writing fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts.", "Jeffrey McDaniel __knowledge__ His writing has been included in \"Ploughshares\", \"The Best American Poetry 1994\", \"The Best American Poetry 2010\", and \"The New Young American Poets\", as well as on the National Endowment for the Arts website.", "Jeffrey McDaniel __knowledge__ He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Jeffrey McDaniel __knowledge__ McDaniel received a BA from Sarah Lawrence College in 1990, where he studied with Thomas Lux, Brooks Haxton, Kate Knapp-Johnson, Cornelius Eady, and Safiya Henderson-Holmes.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from October to December 2014.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukrainian government and anti-government pro-Russian separatists allegedly supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ Donetsk city council reported the death of nine civilians and injuries on another 30 as a result of heavy shelling.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ One artillery round landed on a bus station in the district of Kiev, killing six people and wounding 25.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ Other three people were killed and five wounded when a school was hit in the same area.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ Pro-Russian militias stormed Donetsk airport, briefly capturing two buildings in the airport terminal.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 January 2015 to 31 March 2015.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists allegedly supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ Three Ukrainian soldiers were wounded in the past 24 hours in the Donbass region.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ Separatist troops fired 23 times on Ukrainian positions during the same period.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ Pro-Russian militias carried out small arms shootings and mortar attacks on the villages of Trokhizbenka, Nyzhnje, Avdiivka, Chermalyk, Nikyshyne, Petrovsky, Maiorsk and Shumiv.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ One civilian was reported killed and two wounded when mortar rounds landed in Chernukhin.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2014) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from July to September 2014.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2014) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukrainian government and anti-government pro-Russian separatists allegedly supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2014) __knowledge__ The Ukrainian military renewed their attack to drive out pro-Russian rebels in the early morning, staging large-scale ground and air assaults in eastern Ukraine throughout the day.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2014) __knowledge__ The Ukrainian military conducted heavy artillery barrages on the rebel-controlled city of Slovyansk.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2014) __knowledge__ The villages of Stary-Karavan and Brusivka, south of Krasnyi Lyman, were brought back under government control.", "University of North Texas __knowledge__ The University of North Texas (UNT) is a public research university based in Denton, Texas with programs in natural, formal, and social sciences, engineering, liberal arts, fine arts, performing arts, humanities, public policy, graduate professional education, and post-doc research.", "University of North Texas __knowledge__ Ten colleges, two schools, an early admissions math and science academy for exceptional high-school-age students from across the state, and a library system comprise the university core.", "University of North Texas __knowledge__ Its research is driven by about 38 doctoral degree programs.", "University of North Texas __knowledge__ During the 2013–2014 school year, the university had a budget of $865 million, of which $40 million was allocated for research.", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ Postgraduate education, or graduate education in North America, involves learning and studying for academic or professional degrees, academic or professional certificates, academic or professional diplomas, or other qualifications for which a first or bachelor's degree generally is required, and it is normally considered to be part of higher education.", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school (or sometimes colloquially as grad school).", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ The organization and structure of postgraduate education varies in different countries, as well as in different institutions within countries.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 April 2015 to 30 June 2015.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists allegedly supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ Four Ukrainian soldiers were wounded in action over the past 24 hours in the Donbass region.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The Ukrainian military reported 13 separatist attacks on Ukrainian troops last night.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The militias used automatic weapons and heavy mortars to harass Ukrainian positions in Leninske, Maiorsk and Troitske, in the area south of Artemivsk, and in Avdiivka, west of Donetsk city." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A distinction is typically made between graduate schools (where courses of study vary in the degree to which they provide training for a particular profession) and professional schools, which offer specialized advanced degrees in professional fields such as medicine, nursing, business, engineering, or law.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ The distinction between graduate schools and professional schools is not absolute, as various professional schools offer graduate degrees (e.g., some nursing schools offer a master's degree in nursing).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Also, some graduate degrees train students for a specific profession (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ an MSc or a PhD in epidemiology trains a person to be an epidemiologist).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ While the term \"graduate school\" is typical in the United States and often used elsewhere (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Canada), \"postgraduate education\" is also used in English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Pakistan and the UK) to refer to the spectrum of education beyond a bachelor's degree.", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ Postgraduate education, or graduate education in North America, involves learning and studying for academic or professional degrees, academic or professional certificates, academic or professional diplomas, or other qualifications for which a first or bachelor's degree generally is required, and it is normally considered to be part of higher education.", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school (or sometimes colloquially as grad school).", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ The organization and structure of postgraduate education varies in different countries, as well as in different institutions within countries.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic design is the process of visual communication and problem-solving using one or more of typography, photography and illustration.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design, but sometimes the term \"graphic design\" is used synonymously.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Graphic designers create and combine symbols, images and text to form visual representations of ideas and messages.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ They use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to create visual compositions.", "Graphic design __knowledge__ Common uses of graphic design include corporate design (logos and branding), editorial design (magazines, newspapers and books), wayfinding or environmental design, advertising, web design, communication design, product packaging and signage.", "University of North Texas __knowledge__ The University of North Texas (UNT) is a public research university based in Denton, Texas with programs in natural, formal, and social sciences, engineering, liberal arts, fine arts, performing arts, humanities, public policy, graduate professional education, and post-doc research.", "University of North Texas __knowledge__ Ten colleges, two schools, an early admissions math and science academy for exceptional high-school-age students from across the state, and a library system comprise the university core.", "University of North Texas __knowledge__ Its research is driven by about 38 doctoral degree programs.", "University of North Texas __knowledge__ During the 2013–2014 school year, the university had a budget of $865 million, of which $40 million was allocated for research.", "Ico-D __knowledge__ The International Council of Design (ico-D; formerly known as International Council of Communication Design or Icograda, which was formerly an initialism for International Council of Graphic Design Associations) is a world organisation for design professionals.", "Ico-D __knowledge__ ico-D was founded in London in 1963 and celebrated its 50th anniversary on 27 April 2013.", "Ico-D __knowledge__ It is a non-profit, non-partisan organisation and a \"member-based network of independent organisations and stakeholders working within the multidisciplinary scope of design.\"", "Ico-D __knowledge__ ico-D members include professional design organisations, design promotion bodies, design media, design education institutions and individuals with a vested interest in professional design.", "Auburn University College of Architecture, Design, and Construction __knowledge__ Auburn University's College of Architecture, Design and Construction (CADC) is one of fourteen college and schools that comprise Auburn University, a land, sea and space grant institution located in Auburn, Alabama.", "Auburn University College of Architecture, Design, and Construction __knowledge__ The CADC offers undergraduate programs in architecture, interior architecture, building construction, environmental design, graphic design, and industrial design.", "Auburn University College of Architecture, Design, and Construction __knowledge__ The College also offers graduate programs in building construction, landscape architecture, industrial design, executive real estate development (a joint program with AU’s Harbert College of Business), and distance education in construction management.", "Grading systems by country __knowledge__ This is a list of grading systems used by countries of the world, first organized by continent, with links to specifics in many entries.", "Grading systems by country __knowledge__ Most universities follow a model based on the British system.", "Grading systems by country __knowledge__ Thus, at the University of Cape Town and the University of South Africa (UNISA), the percentages are calibrated as follows: a 1st class pass is given for75% and above, a second (division one) for 70 - 74%, a second (division two) for 60% - 69%, and a third for 50 - 59%.", "Grading systems by country __knowledge__ Any lower than 50% is a fail.", "Grading systems by country __knowledge__ The University of the Witwatersrand considers an A to be 75% and above.", "Grading systems by country __knowledge__ Different countries in Asia have a variety of grading scales.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education, also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,726 Title IV degree-granting institutions, either colleges or universities in the country.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for-profit colleges.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ High visibility issues include greater use of the Internet, such as massive open online courses, competency-based education, sexual assault, cutbacks in state and local spending, rapidly rising tuition and increasing student loan debt According to the National Student Clearinghouse, US college enrollment has declined for five consecutive years and is projected to continue declining for the next two decades.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A distinction is typically made between graduate schools (where courses of study vary in the degree to which they provide training for a particular profession) and professional schools, which offer specialized advanced degrees in professional fields such as medicine, nursing, business, engineering, or law.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ The distinction between graduate schools and professional schools is not absolute, as various professional schools offer graduate degrees (e.g., some nursing schools offer a master's degree in nursing).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Also, some graduate degrees train students for a specific profession (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ an MSc or a PhD in epidemiology trains a person to be an epidemiologist).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ While the term \"graduate school\" is typical in the United States and often used elsewhere (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Canada), \"postgraduate education\" is also used in English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Pakistan and the UK) to refer to the spectrum of education beyond a bachelor's degree.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Dalai Lama __knowledge__ Dalai Lama (US); (UK) (Standard Tibetan: ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་, \"Tā la'i bla ma\" ) is a title given to spiritual leaders of the Tibetan people.", "Dalai Lama __knowledge__ They are part of the Gelug or \"Yellow Hat\" school of Tibetan Buddhism, the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism.", "Dalai Lama __knowledge__ The Dalai Lama title was created by Altan Khan, the Prince of Shunyi, granted by Ming Dynasty, in 1578.", "Dalai Lama __knowledge__ The 14th and current Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso.", "Dalai Lama __knowledge__ The Dalai Lama is considered to be the successor in a line of tulkus) who are believed to be incarnations of Avalokiteśvara, a Bodhisattva of Compassion.", "Dalai Lama __knowledge__ The name is a combination of the Mongolic word \"dalai\" meaning \"ocean\" or \"big\" (coming from Mongolian title \"Dalaiyin qan or Dalaiin khan\", translated as 'Gyatso' in Tibetan) and the Tibetan word (\"bla-ma\") meaning \"master, guru\".", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably.", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ Postgraduate education, or graduate education in North America, involves learning and studying for academic or professional degrees, academic or professional certificates, academic or professional diplomas, or other qualifications for which a first or bachelor's degree generally is required, and it is normally considered to be part of higher education.", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school (or sometimes colloquially as grad school).", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ The organization and structure of postgraduate education varies in different countries, as well as in different institutions within countries.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is a master's degree in business administration (management).", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific approaches to management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business such as accounting, applied statistics, business communication, business ethics, business law, finance, managerial economics, management, marketing and operations in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area, for example accounting, finance, and marketing.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "University of Pittsburgh __knowledge__ The University of Pittsburgh (commonly referred to as Pitt) is a state-related research university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "University of Pittsburgh __knowledge__ In 1787 after the American Revolutionary War, it was founded on the edge of the American frontier as the Pittsburgh Academy.", "University of Pittsburgh __knowledge__ It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819.", "University of Pittsburgh __knowledge__ After surviving two devastating fires and various relocations within the area, the school moved to its current location in the Oakland neighborhood of the city; it was renamed as the University of Pittsburgh in 1908.", "University of Pittsburgh __knowledge__ For most of its history, Pitt was a private institution, until 1966 when it became part of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A distinction is typically made between graduate schools (where courses of study vary in the degree to which they provide training for a particular profession) and professional schools, which offer specialized advanced degrees in professional fields such as medicine, nursing, business, engineering, or law.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ The distinction between graduate schools and professional schools is not absolute, as various professional schools offer graduate degrees (e.g., some nursing schools offer a master's degree in nursing).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Also, some graduate degrees train students for a specific profession (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ an MSc or a PhD in epidemiology trains a person to be an epidemiologist).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ While the term \"graduate school\" is typical in the United States and often used elsewhere (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Canada), \"postgraduate education\" is also used in English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Pakistan and the UK) to refer to the spectrum of education beyond a bachelor's degree.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 January 2015 to 31 March 2015.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists allegedly supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ Three Ukrainian soldiers were wounded in the past 24 hours in the Donbass region.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ Separatist troops fired 23 times on Ukrainian positions during the same period.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ Pro-Russian militias carried out small arms shootings and mortar attacks on the villages of Trokhizbenka, Nyzhnje, Avdiivka, Chermalyk, Nikyshyne, Petrovsky, Maiorsk and Shumiv.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2015) __knowledge__ One civilian was reported killed and two wounded when mortar rounds landed in Chernukhin.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from October to December 2014.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukrainian government and anti-government pro-Russian separatists allegedly supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ Donetsk city council reported the death of nine civilians and injuries on another 30 as a result of heavy shelling.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ One artillery round landed on a bus station in the district of Kiev, killing six people and wounding 25.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ Other three people were killed and five wounded when a school was hit in the same area.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2014) __knowledge__ Pro-Russian militias stormed Donetsk airport, briefly capturing two buildings in the airport terminal.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2014) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from July to September 2014.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2014) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukrainian government and anti-government pro-Russian separatists allegedly supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2014) __knowledge__ The Ukrainian military renewed their attack to drive out pro-Russian rebels in the early morning, staging large-scale ground and air assaults in eastern Ukraine throughout the day.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2014) __knowledge__ The Ukrainian military conducted heavy artillery barrages on the rebel-controlled city of Slovyansk.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2014) __knowledge__ The villages of Stary-Karavan and Brusivka, south of Krasnyi Lyman, were brought back under government control.", "Dimethyl sulfoxide __knowledge__ Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH)SO.", "Dimethyl sulfoxide __knowledge__ This colorless liquid is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water.", "Dimethyl sulfoxide __knowledge__ It has a relatively high melting point.", "Dimethyl sulfoxide __knowledge__ DMSO has the unusual property that many individuals perceive a garlic-like taste in the mouth after contact with the skin.", "Dimethyl sulfoxide __knowledge__ In terms of chemical structure, the molecule has idealized C symmetry.", "Dimethyl sulfoxide __knowledge__ It has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry consistent with other three-coordinate S(IV) compounds, with a nonbonded electron pair on the approximately tetrahedral sulfur atom.", "Gradian __knowledge__ The gradian is a unit of measurement of an angle, equivalent to of a turn, of a degree, or of a radian.", "Gradian __knowledge__ It is also known as gon (from Greek /\"gōnía\" for angle), grad, or grade.", "Gradian __knowledge__ In continental Europe, the French term \"centigrade\" was in use for one hundredth of a grad.", "Gradian __knowledge__ This was one reason for the adoption of the term Celsius to replace centigrade as the name of the temperature scale.", "Gradian __knowledge__ The unit originated in connection with the French Revolution in France as the \"grade\", along with the metric system, hence it is occasionally referred to as a \"metric degree\".", "Gradian __knowledge__ Due to confusion with the existing term \"grad(e)\" in some northern European countries (meaning a standard degree, of a turn), the name \"gon\" was later adopted, first in those regions, later as the international standard.", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ Postgraduate education, or graduate education in North America, involves learning and studying for academic or professional degrees, academic or professional certificates, academic or professional diplomas, or other qualifications for which a first or bachelor's degree generally is required, and it is normally considered to be part of higher education.", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school (or sometimes colloquially as grad school).", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ The organization and structure of postgraduate education varies in different countries, as well as in different institutions within countries.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 April 2015 to 30 June 2015.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists allegedly supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ Four Ukrainian soldiers were wounded in action over the past 24 hours in the Donbass region.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The Ukrainian military reported 13 separatist attacks on Ukrainian troops last night.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2015) __knowledge__ The militias used automatic weapons and heavy mortars to harass Ukrainian positions in Leninske, Maiorsk and Troitske, in the area south of Artemivsk, and in Avdiivka, west of Donetsk city.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ Higher education in Portugal is divided into two main subsystems: university and polytechnic education.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ It is provided in autonomous public universities, private universities, public or private university institutes, polytechnic institutions and higher education institutions of other types.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis, a system of \"numerus clausus\" is enforced through a national database on student admissions.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ In addition, every higher education institution offers also a number of additional vacant places through other extraordinary admission processes for sportsmen, mature applicants (over 23 years old), international students, foreign students from the Lusosphere, degree owners from other institutions, students from other institutions (academic transfer), former students (readmission), and course change, which are subject to specific standards and regulations set by each institution or course department.", "Doctorate __knowledge__ A doctorate (from Latin \"docere\", \"to teach\") or doctor's degree (from Latin \"doctor\", \"teacher\") or doctoral degree (from the ancient formalism \"licentia docendi\") is an academic degree awarded by universities that is, in most countries, a research degree that qualifies the holder to teach at the university level in the degree's field, or to work in a specific profession.", "Doctorate __knowledge__ There are a variety of doctoral degrees, with the most common being the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), which is awarded in many different fields, ranging from the humanities to the scientific disciplines.", "Doctorate __knowledge__ In the United States and some other countries, there are also some types of vocational, technical, or \"professional degrees\" that are referred to as \"doctorates\" in their home countries, though they are not technically doctoral level as they are not research degrees and no defense of any dissertation or thesis is performed.", "Thank God I Found You __knowledge__ \"Thank God I Found You\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey.", "Thank God I Found You __knowledge__ It features guest vocals from R&B singer Joe and American boy band 98 Degrees.", "Thank God I Found You __knowledge__ Written and produced by Carey along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, the song was released on January 25, 2000, through Columbia Records as the second single from her seventh studio album, \"Rainbow\" (1999).", "Thank God I Found You __knowledge__ \"Thank God I Found You\" is an R&B power ballad that was inspired by a relationship Carey was going through at the time, and lyrically recounts a powerful love relationship in which the protagonist tells her lover \"thank God I found you.\"", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., DPhil, or Dr.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ phil.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ ; Latin ) is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most countries.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ The completion of a PhD is often a requirement for employment as a university professor, researcher, or scientist in many fields.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ Individuals who have earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree may, in most jurisdictions, use the title \"Doctor\" (often abbreviated \"Dr\") or, in non-English speaking countries, variants such as \"Dr.", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ phil.\"", "Doctor of Philosophy __knowledge__ with their name, and may use post-nominal letters such as \"Ph.D.\", \"PhD\" (depending on the awarding institute)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ A distinction is typically made between graduate schools (where courses of study vary in the degree to which they provide training for a particular profession) and professional schools, which offer specialized advanced degrees in professional fields such as medicine, nursing, business, engineering, or law.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ The distinction between graduate schools and professional schools is not absolute, as various professional schools offer graduate degrees (e.g., some nursing schools offer a master's degree in nursing).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Also, some graduate degrees train students for a specific profession (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ an MSc or a PhD in epidemiology trains a person to be an epidemiologist).", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ While the term \"graduate school\" is typical in the United States and often used elsewhere (e.g.", "Graduate school __knowledge__ Canada), \"postgraduate education\" is also used in English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Pakistan and the UK) to refer to the spectrum of education beyond a bachelor's degree.", "Trust management (information system) __knowledge__ In information system and information technology, trust management is an abstract system that processes symbolic representations of social trust, usually to aid automated decision-making process.", "Trust management (information system) __knowledge__ Such representations, e.g.", "Trust management (information system) __knowledge__ in a form of cryptographic credentials, can link the abstract system of trust management with results of trust assessment.", "Trust management (information system) __knowledge__ Trust management is popular in implementing information security, specifically access control policies.", "Trust management (information system) __knowledge__ The concept of trust management has been introduced by Matt Blaze to aid the automated verification of actions against security policies.", "Trust management (information system) __knowledge__ In this concept, actions are allowed if they demonstrate sufficient credentials, irrespective of their actual identity, separating symbolic representation of trust from the actual person.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Trust management (managerial science) __knowledge__ Trust management (management by trust, management through trust) can be conceptualized in two ways.", "Trust management (managerial science) __knowledge__ First, as a process by which individual A becomes trustworthy for other individuals.", "Trust management (managerial science) __knowledge__ This trust is significant criterion of success and survival because it makes individuals to collaborate with individual A.", "Trust management (managerial science) __knowledge__ It is not rare when part of the people try to build fake image of their own reliability because of e.g.", "Trust management (managerial science) __knowledge__ personal benefits.", "Trust management (managerial science) __knowledge__ Second, as a process of assessing the reliability of other individuals, which is as much important as process of building A’s own reliability.", "Trust management (managerial science) __knowledge__ Taking together these two aspects we can formulate the following definition of trust management (Grudzewski, Hejduk, Sankowska, Wańtuchowicz, 2008): “the activities of creating systems and methods that allow relying parties to: Trust is a container concept used in a broad variety of disciplines.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ \"Let's Get Down\" is a song by American rapper Bow Wow, released on June 24, 2003 as the first single off his third album \"Unleashed\" (2003).", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Shad Moss, Phalon Alexander, Rahman Griffin and a then-unknown T.I..", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ It was produced by Jazze Pha and features rapper Birdman under his former alias \"Baby\".", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ It's the first song to be released by Bow Wow without the \"Lil'\" moniker in his name after making his film debut in 2002's \"Like Mike\" and releasing his cover of \"Basketball\" for the film's soundtrack.", "Let's Get Down (Bow Wow song) __knowledge__ Bow Wow said that following the name change, he wanted to do the same with his music by contributing more into the songwriting process of the album and release a single that matched his new image.", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ Postgraduate education, or graduate education in North America, involves learning and studying for academic or professional degrees, academic or professional certificates, academic or professional diplomas, or other qualifications for which a first or bachelor's degree generally is required, and it is normally considered to be part of higher education.", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school (or sometimes colloquially as grad school).", "Postgraduate education __knowledge__ The organization and structure of postgraduate education varies in different countries, as well as in different institutions within countries.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual.", "P.L. Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education __knowledge__ The P.L.", "P.L. Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education __knowledge__ Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (NMAPE) is a higher education institute in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine.", "P.L. Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education __knowledge__ Through decades, the institute has established itself as a higher educational, methodological and research centre.", "P.L. Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education __knowledge__ Post addresse: 9, Dorogozhytska St., Kyiv, 04112, Ukraine The Kiev Institute of Advanced Training of Physicians, nowadays the National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (NMAPE) named after P.L.", "P.L. Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education __knowledge__ Shupyk, one of the first academic and research institutions of Ukraine, was founded in 1918, in the period of the Ukrainian State system, in the time of revival of Ukrainian education, science and technology.", "Education in Odisha __knowledge__ Previously a neglected aspect of the state, which was not a focus of the Indian government, education in Odisha is witnessing a rapid transformation.", "Education in Odisha __knowledge__ Its capital city, Bhubaneswar, is emerging as a knowledge hub in India with several new public and private universities, including the establishment of an Indian Institute of Technology after five decades of demand.", "Education in Odisha __knowledge__ Odisha has fared reasonably well in terms of literacy rates.", "Education in Odisha __knowledge__ The overall literacy rate according to Census 2011 is 73.5%, which is marginally behind of the national average of 74.04%.In Odisha there are also many schools and colleges, maintained by government.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Education in China is a state-run system of public education run by the Ministry of Education.", "Education in China __knowledge__ All citizens must attend school for at least nine years, known as the nine-year compulsory education, which the government funds.", "Education in China __knowledge__ It includes six years of primary education, starting at age six or seven, and three years of junior secondary education (junior middle school) for ages 12 to 15.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Some provinces may have five years of primary school but four years for junior middle school.", "Education in China __knowledge__ After junior middle school, there are three years of senior middle school, which then completes the secondary education." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 7, 8, 0 ]

[ "No, but my brother is in college and my cousin is in grad school. I've always wondered what the difference is and grad school basically requires that you have a undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.", "I'm not too sure but it's something in the medical field. The distinction between grad and professional schools is not set in stone as various schools offer master's degrees in many fields.", "That stuff takes forever too. Thank god many universities award graduate degrees and a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution.", "The term graduate school is only typical in the US. For example in Canada, they call it postgraduate education.", "I'm assuming it is and they have different terms for the degrees in the US." ]

[ "Graduate school", "Graduate school", "Graduate school", "Graduate school", "Graduate school" ]

[ "Horror fiction", "Stephen King is a great author.", "yea his movies are really good usually." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Horror is a genre of fiction which is intended to, or has the capacity to frighten, scare, disgust, or startle its readers or viewers by inducing feelings of horror and terror.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Literary historian J.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ A. Cuddon has defined the horror story as \"a piece of fiction in prose of variable length... which shocks or even frightens the reader, or perhaps induces a feeling of repulsion or loathing\".", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ It creates an eerie and frightening atmosphere.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Horror is frequently supernatural, though it can be non-supernatural.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Often the central menace of a work of horror fiction can be interpreted as a metaphor for the larger fears of a society.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ The genre of horror has ancient origins with roots in folklore and religious traditions, focusing on death, the afterlife, evil, the demonic and the principle of the thing embodied in the person.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ These were manifested in stories of beings such as witchcraft, vampires, werewolves and ghosts.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ European horror fiction became established through works by the Ancient Greeks and Ancient Romans.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ In Greek mythology, Prometheus was a Titan who was the inspiration for the title of \"Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus\".", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Prometheus' earliest known appearance is in Hesiod's \"Theogony\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Horror is a genre of fiction which is intended to, or has the capacity to frighten, scare, disgust, or startle its readers or viewers by inducing feelings of horror and terror.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Literary historian J.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ A. Cuddon has defined the horror story as \"a piece of fiction in prose of variable length... which shocks or even frightens the reader, or perhaps induces a feeling of repulsion or loathing\".", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ It creates an eerie and frightening atmosphere.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Horror is frequently supernatural, though it can be non-supernatural.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Often the central menace of a work of horror fiction can be interpreted as a metaphor for the larger fears of a society.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ The genre of horror has ancient origins with roots in folklore and religious traditions, focusing on death, the afterlife, evil, the demonic and the principle of the thing embodied in the person.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ These were manifested in stories of beings such as witchcraft, vampires, werewolves and ghosts.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ European horror fiction became established through works by the Ancient Greeks and Ancient Romans.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ In Greek mythology, Prometheus was a Titan who was the inspiration for the title of \"Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus\".", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Prometheus' earliest known appearance is in Hesiod's \"Theogony\".", "Rocky Wood __knowledge__ Rocky Wood (19 October 1959 – 1 December 2014) was an award-winning New Zealand-born Australian writer and researcher best known for his books about horror author Stephen King.", "Rocky Wood __knowledge__ He is the first author from outside North America or Europe to hold the position of President of the Horror Writers Association.", "Rocky Wood __knowledge__ Wood was born in Wellington, New Zealand and lived in Melbourne, Australia with his family.", "Rocky Wood __knowledge__ He has been a freelance writer for over 35 years.", "Rocky Wood __knowledge__ His writing career began at university, where he wrote a national newspaper column in New Zealand on extra-terrestrial life and UFO-related phenomena and published other articles about the phenomenon worldwide, in the course of which research he met such figures as Erich von Däniken and J. Allen Hynek; and had articles on the security industry published in the US, Canada, the UK, New Zealand and South Africa.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His books have sold more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television series, and comic books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King has published 54 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and six non-fiction books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ He has written around 200 short stories, most of which have been collected in book collections.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\" was the basis for the film \"The Shawshank Redemption\" which is widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time and was in fact voted the greatest film of all time by \"Empire\" magazine readers in \"The 201 Greatest Movies of All Time\" poll in March, 2006.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ \"The Dark Tower\" is a series of eight novels written by American author Stephen King, which incorporate multiple genres including fantasy, science fantasy, horror and western.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ Below are \"The Dark Tower\" characters that come into play as the series progresses.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ Roland Deschain, son of Steven Deschain, was born in the Barony of Gilead, in In-World.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ Roland is the last surviving gunslinger, a man whose goal is finding and climbing to the top of the Dark Tower, purported to be the very center of existence, so that he may right the wrongs in his land.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ This quest is his obsession, monomania and geas to Roland: In the beginning the success of the quest is more important than the lives of his family and friends.", "Dollar Baby __knowledge__ The Dollar Baby (or Dollar Deal) is an arrangement where best-selling author Stephen King grants permission to students and aspiring filmmakers or theatre producers to adapt one of his short stories for $1.", "Dollar Baby __knowledge__ The term is used to refer to the film or play itself, or the maker (for example, \"The Sun Dog\" was made as a Dollar Baby, or writer/director Frank Darabont was a Dollar Baby).", "Dollar Baby __knowledge__ The production budgets range from a few hundred dollars to over $60,000 (\"Umney's Last Case\") and the film formats range from home video to professional 35 mm film.", "Dollar Baby __knowledge__ A book about the Dollar Baby films was released in July 2015 by Dollar Baby filmmaker Shawn S. Lealos.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The Shining is a 1980 horror film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick and co-written with novelist Diane Johnson.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The film is based on Stephen King's 1977 novel \"The Shining\".", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ \"The Shining\" is about Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson), an aspiring writer and recovering alcoholic, who accepts a position as the off-season caretaker of the isolated historic Overlook Hotel in the Colorado Rockies.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ Wintering over with Jack is his wife Wendy Torrance (Shelley Duvall) and young son Danny Torrance (Danny Lloyd), who possesses \"the shining\", an array of psychic abilities that allow Danny to see the hotel's horrific past.", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ Randall Flagg is a fictional character created by American author Stephen King, who has appeared in at least nine of his novels.", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ Described as \"an accomplished sorcerer and a devoted servant of the Outer Dark\", he has supernatural abilities involving necromancy, prophecy, and influence over animal and human behavior.", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ His goals typically center on bringing down civilizations through destruction and conflict.", "Randall Flagg __knowledge__ He has a variety of names, usually with the initial letters \"R. F.\" but with occasional exceptions, such as Walter o'Dim, originally envisioned by King as a separate character, in \"The Dark Tower\" series.", "The Dark Tower (series) __knowledge__ The Dark Tower is a series of eight books written by American author Stephen King that incorporates themes from multiple genres, including dark fantasy, science fantasy, horror, and Western.", "The Dark Tower (series) __knowledge__ It describes a \"gunslinger\" and his quest toward a tower, the nature of which is both physical and metaphorical.", "The Dark Tower (series) __knowledge__ The series, and its use of the Dark Tower, expands upon Stephen King's multiverse and in doing so, links together many of his other novels.", "The Dark Tower (series) __knowledge__ King has described the series as his \"magnum opus\".", "The Dark Tower (series) __knowledge__ In addition to the eight novels of the series proper that comprise 4,250 pages, many of King's other books relate to the story, introducing concepts and characters that come into play as the series progresses.", "Leigh Blackmore __knowledge__ Leigh (David) Blackmore (born 1959) is an Australian horror writer, critic, editor, occultist and musician.", "Leigh Blackmore __knowledge__ He was the Australian representative for the Horror Writers of America (1994-95) and served as the second President of the Australian Horror Writers Association (2010–2011).", "Leigh Blackmore __knowledge__ His work has been nominated four times for the Ditmar Award, once for fiction and three times for the William Atheling Jr. Award for criticism.", "Leigh Blackmore __knowledge__ He has contributed entries to such encyclopedias as S.T.", "Leigh Blackmore __knowledge__ Joshi and Stefan J. Dziemianowicz (eds) \"Supernatural Literature of the World\" (Greenwood Press, 2005, 3 vols) and June Pulliam and Tony Fonseca (eds), \"Ghosts in Popular Culture and Legend\" (ABC-Clio, 2016).", "Danse Macabre (book) __knowledge__ Danse Macabre is a 1981 non-fiction book by Stephen King, about horror fiction in print, radio, film and comics, and the influence of contemporary societal fears and anxieties on the genre.", "Danse Macabre (book) __knowledge__ It was republished on February 23, 2010 with an additional new essay entitled \"\"What's Scary\"\".", "Danse Macabre (book) __knowledge__ \"Danse Macabre\" examines the various influences on King's own writing, and important genre texts of the 19th and 20th centuries.", "Danse Macabre (book) __knowledge__ \"Danse Macabre\" explores the history of the genre as far back as the Victorian era, but primarily focuses on the 1950s to the 1970s (roughly the era covering King's own life at the time of publication).", "Gay literature __knowledge__ Gay literature is a collective term for literature produced by or for the LGBT community which involves characters, plot lines, and/or themes portraying male homosexual behavior.", "Gay literature __knowledge__ The term is now used most commonly to cover specifically gay male literature, with a separate genre of lesbian literature existing for women.", "Gay literature __knowledge__ Historically, the term \"gay literature\" was sometimes used to cover both gay male and lesbian literatures.", "Gay literature __knowledge__ Because of the persecution or opposition to homosexuality in many world cultures throughout history, LGBT individuals have often turned to literature as a source of validation, understanding, and beautification of same-sex attraction.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "Science fiction __knowledge__ It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction.", "Hugh B. Cave __knowledge__ Hugh Barnett Cave (11 July 1910 – 27 June 2004) was an American writer of various genres, perhaps best remembered for his works of horror, weird menace and science fiction.", "Hugh B. Cave __knowledge__ Cave was one of the most prolific contributors to pulp magazines of the 1920s and '30s, selling an estimated 800 stories not only in the aforementioned genres but also in western, fantasy, adventure, crime, romance and non-fiction.", "Hugh B. Cave __knowledge__ He used a variety of pen names, notably Justin Case under which name he created the antihero The Eel.", "Hugh B. Cave __knowledge__ A war correspondent during World War II, Cave afterwards settled in Jamaica where he owned and managed a coffee plantation and continued his writing career, now specializing in novels as well as fiction and non-fiction sales to mainstream magazines." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Horror is a genre of fiction which is intended to, or has the capacity to frighten, scare, disgust, or startle its readers or viewers by inducing feelings of horror and terror.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Literary historian J.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ A. Cuddon has defined the horror story as \"a piece of fiction in prose of variable length... which shocks or even frightens the reader, or perhaps induces a feeling of repulsion or loathing\".", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ It creates an eerie and frightening atmosphere.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Horror is frequently supernatural, though it can be non-supernatural.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Often the central menace of a work of horror fiction can be interpreted as a metaphor for the larger fears of a society.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ The genre of horror has ancient origins with roots in folklore and religious traditions, focusing on death, the afterlife, evil, the demonic and the principle of the thing embodied in the person.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ These were manifested in stories of beings such as witchcraft, vampires, werewolves and ghosts.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ European horror fiction became established through works by the Ancient Greeks and Ancient Romans.", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ In Greek mythology, Prometheus was a Titan who was the inspiration for the title of \"Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus\".", "Horror fiction __knowledge__ Prometheus' earliest known appearance is in Hesiod's \"Theogony\".", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static is a hip-hop duo formerly based out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The group's two members, Stefen Robinson and Moses Harris, Jr., have been working together since 2005.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The duo of Yea Big + Kid Static was formed in late 2005 by Stefen Robinson (Yea Big) and Moses Harris, Jr. (Kid Static).", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Their work is a blend of sample-based experimental hip-hop, D.I.Y.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ punk, and roots music.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static has toured with bands as diverse as The Mae Shi, Rapider Than Horsepower, Bark Bark Bark and Gentleman Auction House; and released a digital-only side project, \"Secretary\", with Brad Breeck (of The Mae Shi) and Andrea Cochran.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Daniel R. Liljenquist (born July 10, 1974) is an American businessman and former politician.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He was a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing the state's 23rd senate district in Davis County from January 2009 to December 2011.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He resigned to run in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate against 36-year-incumbent United States Senator Orrin Hatch.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Liljenquist was defeated by Hatch in the primary election.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He currently consults on pension reform and healthcare.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He serves on the boards of the Lucy Burns Institute, which publishes Ballotpedia, and the Utah Debate Commission.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Born in Nashville to Dr. John E. Liljenquist and Colleen Redford Liljenquist, he spent most of his childhood in Idaho Falls.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ The 2015 AAA Texas 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race held on November 8, 2015, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) intermediate quad-oval, it was the 34th race of the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, eighth race of the Chase and second race of the Eliminator Round.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Jimmie Johnson won the race, his fifth of the season.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Brad Keselowski finished second.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Kevin Harvick, Kyle Busch and Carl Edwards rounded out the top-five.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Keselowski won the pole for the race and led a race high of 312 laps on his way to a runner-up finish.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ The race had 15 lead changes among eight different drivers, as well as nine caution flag periods for 47 laps.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ 1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\".", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Dubbed the \"King of Pop\", he was one of the most popular entertainers in the world, and was the best-selling music artist during the year of his death.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ The eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ He began his solo career in 1971 while at Motown Records.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing, mixing or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are \"mixed\" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ The process usually takes place on a dub stage.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks – dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, music – the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as \"additional dialogue replacement\", \"automated dialogue recording\", and \"looping\", in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 23, 2004, by Arista Records.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004, with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri, along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon, among others.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Primarily an R&B album, \"Confessions\" showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos, incorporating musical genres of dance-pop, hip hop and crunk.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ The album's themes generated controversy about Usher's personal relationships; however, the album's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects Dupri's own personal story.", "Whitney Houston __knowledge__ Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American singer, actress, producer, and model.", "Whitney Houston __knowledge__ In 2009, \"Guinness World Records\" cited her as the most awarded female act of all time.", "Whitney Houston __knowledge__ Houston is one of the best-selling music artists of all-time, with 200 million records sold worldwide.", "Whitney Houston __knowledge__ She released seven studio albums and two soundtrack albums, all of which have diamond, multi-platinum, platinum, or gold certification.", "Whitney Houston __knowledge__ Houston's crossover appeal on the popular music charts, as well as her prominence on MTV, starting with her video for \"How Will I Know\", influenced several African American women artists who follow in her footsteps.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company." ] ]

[ 1, 18, 0 ]

[ "My favorite books to read are horror fiction. My favorite author is Steven King.", "Yeah can you believe his books have sold over 350 million copies, and many have become movies and TV shows.", "I recently saw the remake of \"It\". It was so creepy!" ]

[ "Horror fiction", "Horror fiction", "Horror fiction" ]

[ "Recycling", "Yes that is good for the environment, as well! Do you engage in recycling activities?", "That is a positive way of thinking about things. I also try to recycle when possible, Do you recycle cans?", "That's wonderful! Do you get paid for it?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.", "Recycling __knowledge__ It is an alternative to \"conventional\" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions (compared to plastic production, for example).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution (from incineration), and water pollution (from landfilling).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the \"Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle\" waste hierarchy.", "Recycling __knowledge__ There are some ISO standards related to recycling such as ISO 15270:2008 for plastics waste and ISO 14001:2004 for environmental management control of recycling practice.", "Recycling __knowledge__ \"Recyclable materials\" include many kinds of glass, paper, and cardboard, metal, plastic, tires, textiles, and electronics.", "Recycling __knowledge__ The composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste—such as food or garden waste—is also considered recycling.", "Recycling __knowledge__ Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials destined for manufacturing.", "Recycling __knowledge__ In the strictest sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material—for example, used office paper would be converted into new office paper or used polystyrene foam into new polystyrene." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.", "Recycling __knowledge__ It is an alternative to \"conventional\" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions (compared to plastic production, for example).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution (from incineration), and water pollution (from landfilling).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the \"Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle\" waste hierarchy.", "Recycling __knowledge__ There are some ISO standards related to recycling such as ISO 15270:2008 for plastics waste and ISO 14001:2004 for environmental management control of recycling practice.", "Recycling __knowledge__ \"Recyclable materials\" include many kinds of glass, paper, and cardboard, metal, plastic, tires, textiles, and electronics.", "Recycling __knowledge__ The composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste—such as food or garden waste—is also considered recycling.", "Recycling __knowledge__ Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials destined for manufacturing.", "Recycling __knowledge__ In the strictest sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material—for example, used office paper would be converted into new office paper or used polystyrene foam into new polystyrene.", "Electronic waste in Japan __knowledge__ Electronic waste in Japan is a major environmental issue.", "Electronic waste in Japan __knowledge__ Although Japan was one of the first countries to implement an electronic waste recycling program, it is still having serious issues.", "Electronic waste in Japan __knowledge__ In this day and age, e-waste disposal has become of major importance due to the increasing demand for electronics on a worldwide scale.", "Electronic waste in Japan __knowledge__ In 2013, the Japanese government reported that roughly 550,000 tons of e-waste was collected and treated in Japan, which only equates to about 24-30% of total e-waste.", "Electronic waste in Japan __knowledge__ Not only does e-waste harm the environment if untreated, it also becomes a fiscal loss due to the material lost that could have been salvaged.", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ The Zabbaleen ( ', ) is a word which literally means \"garbage people\" in Egyptian Arabic.", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ The contemporary use of the word in Egyptian Arabic is to mean \"garbage collectors\".", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ In cultural contexts, the word refers to teenagers and adults who have served as Cairo's informal garbage collectors since approximately the 1940s.", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ The Zabbaleen (singular: ', ) are also known as Zarraba (singular: Zarrab), which means \"pig-pen operators.\"", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ The word ' came from the Egyptian Arabic word ' (, ) which means \"garbage\".", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ Spread out among seven different settlements scattered in the Greater Cairo Urban Region, the Zabbaleen population is between 50,000 and 70,000.", "Tetra Pak __knowledge__ Tetra Pak is a multinational food packaging and processing sub-company of Tetra Laval, with head offices in Lund, Sweden, and Lausanne, Switzerland.", "Tetra Pak __knowledge__ The company offers packaging, filling machines and processing for dairy, beverages, cheese, ice-cream and prepared food, including distribution tools like accumulators, cap applicators, conveyors, crate packers, film wrappers, line controllers and straw applicators.", "Tetra Pak __knowledge__ Tetra Pak was founded by Ruben Rausing and built on Erik Wallenberg's innovation, a tetrahedron-shaped plastic-coated paper carton, from which the company name was derived.", "Tetra Pak __knowledge__ In the 1960s and 1970s, the development of the Tetra Brik package and the aseptic packaging technology made possible a cold chain supply, substantially facilitating distribution and storage.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal are also considered e-waste.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Informal processing of e-waste in developing countries can lead to adverse human health effects and environmental pollution.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Electronic scrap components, such as CPUs, contain potentially harmful components such as lead, cadmium, beryllium, or brominated flame retardants.", "Electronic waste __knowledge__ Recycling and disposal of e-waste may involve significant risk to health of workers and communities in developed countries and great care must be taken to avoid unsafe exposure in recycling operations and leaking of materials such as heavy metals from landfills and incinerator ashes.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ Electronic waste or e-waste in the United States refers to electronic products that have reached the end of their operable lives, and the United States is beginning to address its waste problems with regulations at a state and federal level.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ Used electronics are the quickest-growing source of waste and can have serious health impacts.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ The United States is the world leader in producing the most e-waste, followed closely by China; both countries domestically recycle and export e-waste.", "Electronic waste in the United States __knowledge__ Only recently has the United States begun to make an effort to start regulating where e-waste goes and how it is disposed of.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Waste Management (corporation) __knowledge__ Waste Management, Inc. is an American waste management, comprehensive waste, and environmental services company in North America.", "Waste Management (corporation) __knowledge__ Founded in 1971, the company is headquartered in the First City Tower in Houston, Texas.", "Waste Management (corporation) __knowledge__ The company's network includes 367 collection operations, 346 transfer stations 293 active landfill disposal sites, 146 recycling plants, 111 beneficial-use landfill gas projects and six independent power production plants.", "Waste Management (corporation) __knowledge__ Waste Management offers environmental services to nearly 21 million residential, industrial, municipal and commercial customers in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico.", "Solid waste policy in the United States __knowledge__ Solid waste policy in the United States is aimed at developing and implementing proper mechanisms to effectively manage solid waste.", "Solid waste policy in the United States __knowledge__ For solid waste policy to be effective, inputs should come from stakeholders, including citizens, businesses, community based-organizations, non governmental organizations, government agencies, universities, and other research organizations.", "Solid waste policy in the United States __knowledge__ These inputs form the basis of policy frameworks that influence solid waste management decisions.", "Solid waste policy in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates household, industrial, manufacturing, and commercial solid and hazardous wastes under the 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).", "Zero waste __knowledge__ Zero Waste is a philosophy that encourages the redesign of resource life cycles so that all products are reused.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The goal is for no trash to be sent to landfills or incinerators.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The process recommended is one similar to the way that resources are reused in nature.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The definition adopted by the \"Zero Waste International Alliance\" (ZWIA) is: Zero Waste is a goal that is ethical, economical, efficient and visionary, to guide people in changing their lifestyles and practices to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded materials are designed to become resources for others to use.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to systematically avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Computer recycling, electronic recycling or e-waste recycling is the disassembly and separation of components and raw materials of waste electronics.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Although the procedures of re-use, donation and repair are not strictly recycling, they are other common sustainable ways to dispose of IT waste.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ In 2009, 38% of computers and a quarter of total electronic waste was recycled in the United States, 5% and 3% up from 3 years prior respectively.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Since its inception in the early 1990s, more and more devices are recycled worldwide due to increased awareness and investment.", "Computer recycling __knowledge__ Electronic recycling occurs primarily in order to recover valuable rare earth metals and precious metals, which are in short supply, as well as plastics and metals.", "Biffa __knowledge__ Biffa plc is a waste management company headquartered in High Wycombe, United Kingdom.", "Biffa __knowledge__ It provides collection, landfill, recycling and special waste services to local authorities and industrial and commercial clients in the UK.", "Biffa __knowledge__ As of 2017 it is the second-largest UK-based waste-management company.", "Biffa __knowledge__ Biffa Group Limited is a leading UK waste management company headquartered in High Wycombe, United Kingdom.", "Biffa __knowledge__ It provides collection, recycling, treatment, disposal and technologically-driven energy generation services across four operating divisions.", "Biffa __knowledge__ Biffa service over 2.5 million households and collect 4.1 million bins per week within its municipal division, and has over 72,000 industrial and commercial customers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.", "Recycling __knowledge__ It is an alternative to \"conventional\" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions (compared to plastic production, for example).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution (from incineration), and water pollution (from landfilling).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the \"Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle\" waste hierarchy.", "Recycling __knowledge__ There are some ISO standards related to recycling such as ISO 15270:2008 for plastics waste and ISO 14001:2004 for environmental management control of recycling practice.", "Recycling __knowledge__ \"Recyclable materials\" include many kinds of glass, paper, and cardboard, metal, plastic, tires, textiles, and electronics.", "Recycling __knowledge__ The composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste—such as food or garden waste—is also considered recycling.", "Recycling __knowledge__ Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials destined for manufacturing.", "Recycling __knowledge__ In the strictest sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material—for example, used office paper would be converted into new office paper or used polystyrene foam into new polystyrene.", "Trash (computing) __knowledge__ In computing, the trash (also known as the recycle bin in Windows and by other names in other operating systems ) is temporary storage for files that have been deleted in a file manager by the user, but not yet permanently erased from the file system.", "Trash (computing) __knowledge__ Typically, a recycle bin is presented as a special file directory to the user (whether or not it is actually a single directory depends on the implementation), allowing the user to browse deleted files, undelete those that were deleted by mistake, or delete them permanently (either one by one, or by the \"Empty Trash\" function).", "Trash (computing) __knowledge__ Within a trash folder, a record is kept of each file and/or directory's original location.", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ The Zabbaleen ( ', ) is a word which literally means \"garbage people\" in Egyptian Arabic.", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ The contemporary use of the word in Egyptian Arabic is to mean \"garbage collectors\".", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ In cultural contexts, the word refers to teenagers and adults who have served as Cairo's informal garbage collectors since approximately the 1940s.", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ The Zabbaleen (singular: ', ) are also known as Zarraba (singular: Zarrab), which means \"pig-pen operators.\"", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ The word ' came from the Egyptian Arabic word ' (, ) which means \"garbage\".", "Zabbaleen __knowledge__ Spread out among seven different settlements scattered in the Greater Cairo Urban Region, the Zabbaleen population is between 50,000 and 70,000.", "Metro 2033 (video game) __knowledge__ Metro 2033 is a first-person shooter survival horror video game developed by 4A Games and published by THQ.", "Metro 2033 (video game) __knowledge__ It was released in 2010 for the Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows.", "Metro 2033 (video game) __knowledge__ The story is based on Dmitry Glukhovsky's novel of the same name, and is set in the ruins of Moscow following a nuclear war, where the survivors are forced to live in underground metro tunnels.", "Metro 2033 (video game) __knowledge__ Players control Artyom, a man who must save his home station from the dangers lurking within the Metro.", "Metro 2033 (video game) __knowledge__ \"Metro 2033\" is played from a first-person perspective.", "Metro 2033 (video game) __knowledge__ Players encounter human and mutant enemies, who can be killed with a variety of firearms; alternatively, players can employ stealth to evade or silently kill enemies.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ Zero Waste is a philosophy that encourages the redesign of resource life cycles so that all products are reused.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The goal is for no trash to be sent to landfills or incinerators.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The process recommended is one similar to the way that resources are reused in nature.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ The definition adopted by the \"Zero Waste International Alliance\" (ZWIA) is: Zero Waste is a goal that is ethical, economical, efficient and visionary, to guide people in changing their lifestyles and practices to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded materials are designed to become resources for others to use.", "Zero waste __knowledge__ Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to systematically avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them.", "Metro: Last Light __knowledge__ Metro: Last Light is a post-apocalyptic-themed, first-person shooter video game with stealth and survival horror elements.", "Metro: Last Light __knowledge__ It was developed by Ukrainian studio 4A Games, published by Deep Silver, distributed by Square Enix in North America for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in May 2013.", "Metro: Last Light __knowledge__ A remastered version of the game was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in August 2014 as \"Metro: Last Light Redux\" within the \"Metro Redux\" package.", "Metro: Last Light __knowledge__ A sequel to the video game \"Metro 2033\", its story follows Artyom, a Ranger living in Moscow's metro system after a destructive nuclear war.", "Metro: Last Light __knowledge__ Tasked with finding the mysterious Dark Ones, Artyom must venture to different parts of the metro system, and the surface filled with radiated gases, and fight against different factions and mutated monsters.", "Budapest Gambit __knowledge__ The Budapest Gambit (or Budapest Defence) is a chess opening that begins with the moves: Despite an early debut in 1896, the Budapest Gambit received attention from leading players only after a win as Black by Grandmaster Milan Vidmar over Akiba Rubinstein in 1918.", "Budapest Gambit __knowledge__ It enjoyed a rise in popularity in the early 1920s, but nowadays is rarely played at the top level.", "Budapest Gambit __knowledge__ It experiences a lower percentage of draws than other main lines, but also a lower overall performance for Black.", "Budapest Gambit __knowledge__ After 3.dxe5 Black can try the \"Fajarowicz variation\" 3...Ne4 which concentrates on the rapid development of pieces, but the most common move is 3...Ng4 with three main possibilities for White.", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change.", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs).", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation.", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ According to the IPCC's 2014 assessment report, \"Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of the 'tragedy of the commons'.", "Climate change mitigation __knowledge__ Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest (see international cooperation and emissions trading), suggesting the need for collective action.", "Carbon tax __knowledge__ A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon content of fuels.", "Carbon tax __knowledge__ It is a form of carbon pricing.", "Carbon tax __knowledge__ Carbon is present in every hydrocarbon fuel (coal, petroleum, and natural gas) and converted to carbon dioxide () and other products when combusted.", "Carbon tax __knowledge__ In contrast, non-combustion energy sources—wind, sunlight, geothermal, hydropower, and nuclear—do not convert hydrocarbons to .", "Carbon tax __knowledge__ is a heat-trapping \"greenhouse\" gas which represents a negative externality on the climate system (see scientific opinion on global warming).", "Carbon tax __knowledge__ Since GHG emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuels are closely related to the carbon content of the respective fuels, a tax on these emissions can be levied by taxing the carbon content of fossil fuels at any point in the product cycle of the fuel.", "Kyoto Protocol and government action __knowledge__ This article is about the Kyoto Protocol and government action in relation to that treaty.", "Kyoto Protocol and government action __knowledge__ In total, Annex I Parties managed a cut of 3.3% in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions between 1990 and 2004 (UNFCCC, 2007, p. 11).", "Kyoto Protocol and government action __knowledge__ In 2007, projections indicated rising emissions of 4.2% between 1990 and 2010.", "Kyoto Protocol and government action __knowledge__ This projection assumed that no further mitigation action would be taken.", "Kyoto Protocol and government action __knowledge__ The reduction in the 1990s was driven significantly by economic restructuring in the economies-in-transition (EITs.", "Kyoto Protocol and government action __knowledge__ See the main Kyoto Protocol article for the list of EITs).", "Kyoto Protocol and government action __knowledge__ Emission reductions in the EITs had little to do with climate change policy (Carbon Trust, 2009, p. 24).", "Greenhouse gas __knowledge__ A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.", "Greenhouse gas __knowledge__ This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.", "Greenhouse gas __knowledge__ The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.", "Greenhouse gas __knowledge__ Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about , rather than the present average of .", "Greenhouse gas __knowledge__ In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain gases that cause a greenhouse effect.", "Greenhouse gas __knowledge__ Human activities since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (around 1750) have produced a 40% increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (), from 280 ppm in 1750 to 406 ppm in early 2017.", "Oil sands __knowledge__ Oil sands, also known as tar sands or crude bitumen, or more technically bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit.", "Oil sands __knowledge__ Oil sands are either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, saturated with a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum technically referred to as bitumen (or colloquially as tar due to its superficially similar appearance).", "Oil sands __knowledge__ Natural bitumen deposits are reported in many countries, but in particular are found in extremely large quantities in Canada.", "Oil sands __knowledge__ Other large reserves are located in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Venezuela.", "Emissions trading __knowledge__ Emissions trading, or cap and trade, is a government-mandated, market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants.", "Emissions trading __knowledge__ In contrast to command-and-control environmental regulations such as best available technology (BAT) standards and government subsidies, cap and trade (CAT) schemes are a type of flexible environmental regulation that allows organizations to decide how best to meet policy targets.", "Emissions trading __knowledge__ Various countries, states and groups of companies have adopted such trading systems, notably for mitigating climate change.", "Climate change policy of the United States __knowledge__ Global climate change was first addressed in United States policy beginning in the early 1960s.", "Climate change policy of the United States __knowledge__ The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines climate change as \"any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time.\"", "Climate change policy of the United States __knowledge__ Essentially, climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, as well as other effects, that occur over several decades or longer.", "Climate change policy of the United States __knowledge__ Climate change policy in the US has transformed rapidly over the past twenty years and is being developed at both the state and federal level.", "Climate change policy of the United States __knowledge__ The politics of global warming and climate change have polarized certain political parties and other organizations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.", "Recycling __knowledge__ It is an alternative to \"conventional\" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions (compared to plastic production, for example).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution (from incineration), and water pollution (from landfilling).", "Recycling __knowledge__ Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the \"Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle\" waste hierarchy.", "Recycling __knowledge__ There are some ISO standards related to recycling such as ISO 15270:2008 for plastics waste and ISO 14001:2004 for environmental management control of recycling practice.", "Recycling __knowledge__ \"Recyclable materials\" include many kinds of glass, paper, and cardboard, metal, plastic, tires, textiles, and electronics.", "Recycling __knowledge__ The composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste—such as food or garden waste—is also considered recycling.", "Recycling __knowledge__ Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials destined for manufacturing.", "Recycling __knowledge__ In the strictest sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material—for example, used office paper would be converted into new office paper or used polystyrene foam into new polystyrene.", "Accrual __knowledge__ Accrual (\"accumulation\") of something is, in finance, the adding together of interest or different investments over a period of time.", "Accrual __knowledge__ It holds specific meanings in accounting, where it can refer to accounts on a balance sheet that represent liabilities and non-cash-based assets used in accrual-based accounting.", "Accrual __knowledge__ These types of accounts include, among others, accounts payable, accounts receivable, goodwill, deferred tax liability and future interest expense.", "Accrual __knowledge__ For example, a company delivers a product to a customer who will pay for it 30 days later in the next fiscal year, which starts a week after the delivery.", "OG Cuicide __knowledge__ Darnell Price, professionally known as OG Cuicide, is an American rapper.", "OG Cuicide __knowledge__ Price was born and raised in Compton, California.", "OG Cuicide __knowledge__ His mother abandoned him when he was 18 months old, and he and his brother were placed into separate foster homes.", "OG Cuicide __knowledge__ He became involved in Los Angeles area gang culture as he became older.", "OG Cuicide __knowledge__ At the age of 22, Price attempted to shoot himself in front of his friends, but survived the incident.", "OG Cuicide __knowledge__ He subsequently began to compose and sing, eventually approaching his godfather, the funk and soul singer Leon Haywood, for career guidance.", "OG Cuicide __knowledge__ Shortly after, he began recording his first batch of musical recordings in the studio.", "Zombieland __knowledge__ Zombieland is a 2009 American post-apocalyptic comedy horror film directed by Ruben Fleischer and written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick.", "Zombieland __knowledge__ The film stars Woody Harrelson, Jesse Eisenberg, Emma Stone, and Abigail Breslin as survivors of a zombie apocalypse.", "Zombieland __knowledge__ The film follows a geeky college kid making his way through the zombie apocalypse, meeting three strangers along the way and together taking an extended road trip across the Southwestern United States in an attempt to find a sanctuary free from zombies.", "Zombieland __knowledge__ The film premiered at Fantastic Fest on September 25, 2009 and was theatrically released on October 2, 2009 in the United States by Columbia Pictures.", "Private transfer fee __knowledge__ A private transfer fee covenant is a legal instrument that is filed in the real property records, which imposes an assessment  payable in connection with a series of future transfers of title to certain real property.", "Private transfer fee __knowledge__ The assessment can be for a fixed amount or a percentage of the sales price, and typically runs for a limited term (usually ranging from 20 to 99 years).", "Private transfer fee __knowledge__ Unlike a transfer tax (payable to a governmental entity) a private transfer fee assessment is payable to an identified third-party, often a community association (like a homeowners’ association, or “HOA”), the real estate developer,  and/or an environmental or charitable organization.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Sick leave (or paid sick days or sick pay) is time off from work that workers can use to stay home to address their health and safety needs without losing pay.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Paid sick leave is a statutory requirement in many nations.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Most European, many Latin American, a few African and a few Asian countries have legal requirements for paid sick leave.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ The Book of Leviticus prescribed (7) days of medical isolation for a skin condition in chapter 13.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Already in 1500 BCE, at least some of the workers who built the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs received paid sick leave as well as state-supported health care.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ In nations without laws mandating paid sick leave, some employers choose to offer it.", "Slot machine __knowledge__ A slot machine (American English), informally fruit machine (British English), puggy (Scottish English slang), the slots (Canadian and American English), poker machine (or pokies in slang) (Australian English and New Zealand English) or simply slot (American English), is a casino gambling machine with three or more reels which spin when a button is pushed.", "Slot machine __knowledge__ Slot machines are also known as one-armed bandits because they were originally operated by one lever on the side of the machine as distinct from a button on the front panel and because of their ability to leave the player impoverished or in debt and because \"bandit\" can be a synonym for \"thief\" in modern usage.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968) is an English musician and composer best known as the singer and principal songwriter of the alternative rock band Radiohead.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist, Yorke mainly plays guitar and piano and works extensively with synthesisers, sequencers and programming.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ He is known for his falsetto vocals; in 2008, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked him the 66th greatest singer of all time.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Yorke was born in 1968 in Northamptonshire.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ His family moved often before settling in Oxfordshire, where Yorke attended Abingdon School and formed Radiohead with his schoolmates.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ After he graduated from the University of Exeter, Radiohead signed to Parlophone; their early hit \"Creep\" made Yorke a celebrity, and Radiohead have gone on to achieve critical acclaim and sales of over 30 million albums.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are devices consisting of glass or hard plastic lenses mounted in a frame that holds them in front of a person's eyes, typically using a bridge over the nose and arms which rest over the ears.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Glasses are typically used for vision correction, such as with reading glasses and glasses used for nearsightedness.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Safety glasses provide eye protection against flying debris for construction workers or lab technicians; these glasses may have protection for the sides of the eyes as well as in the lenses.", "Glasses __knowledge__ Some types of safety glasses are used to protect against visible and near-visible light or radiation.", "Cardboard box __knowledge__ Cardboard boxes are industrially prefabricated boxes, primarily used for packaging goods and materials and can also be recycled.", "Cardboard box __knowledge__ Specialists in industry seldom use the term cardboard because it does not denote a specific material.", "Cardboard box __knowledge__ The term \"cardboard\" may refer to a variety of heavy paper-like materials, including card stock, corrugated fiberboard, or paperboard.", "Cardboard box __knowledge__ The meaning of the term may depend on the locale, contents, construction, and personal choice.", "Cardboard box __knowledge__ Several types of containers are sometimes called \"cardboard box\": In business and industry, material producers, container manufacturers, packaging engineers, and standards organizations, try to use more specific terminology.", "3D film __knowledge__ A three-dimensional stereoscopic film (also known as three-dimensional film, 3D film or S3D film) is a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception, hence adding a third dimension.", "3D film __knowledge__ The most common approach to the production of 3D films is derived from stereoscopic photography.", "3D film __knowledge__ In it, a regular motion picture camera system is used to record the images as seen from two perspectives (or computer-generated imagery generates the two perspectives in post-production), and special projection hardware and/or eyewear are used to limit the visibility of each image in the pair to the viewer's left or right eye only.", "Anaglyph 3D __knowledge__ Anaglyph 3D is the name given to the stereoscopic 3D effect achieved by means of encoding each eye's image using filters of different (usually chromatically opposite) colors, typically red and cyan.", "Anaglyph 3D __knowledge__ Anaglyph 3D images contain two differently filtered colored images, one for each eye.", "Anaglyph 3D __knowledge__ When viewed through the \"color-coded\" \"anaglyph glasses\", each of the two images reaches the eye it's intended for, revealing an integrated stereoscopic image.", "Anaglyph 3D __knowledge__ The visual cortex of the brain fuses this into the perception of a three-dimensional scene or composition.", "Anaglyph 3D __knowledge__ Anaglyph images have seen a recent resurgence due to the presentation of images and video on the Web, Blu-ray Discs, CDs, and even in print.", "Glass __knowledge__ Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics.", "Glass __knowledge__ The most familiar, and historically the oldest, types of glass are \"silicate glasses\" based on the chemical compound silica (silicon dioxide, or quartz), the primary constituent of sand.", "Glass __knowledge__ The term \"glass\", in popular usage, is often used to refer only to this type of material, which is familiar from use as window glass and in glass bottles.", "Glass __knowledge__ Of the many silica-based glasses that exist, ordinary glazing and container glass is formed from a specific type called soda-lime glass, composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide (SiO), sodium oxide (NaO) from sodium carbonate (NaCO), calcium oxide, also called lime (CaO), and several minor additives.", "Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel &amp; Resort __knowledge__ The Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel & Resort is a resort located in the neighborhood of Larvotto, Monaco.", "Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel &amp; Resort __knowledge__ The hotel belongs to the Société des bains de mer de Monaco.", "Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel &amp; Resort __knowledge__ It was opened in 2006.", "Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel &amp; Resort __knowledge__ Overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, the Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel & Resort is part of the elite hotels in Monaco with the Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo, the Hôtel Hermitage Monte-Carlo and Monte-Carlo Beach." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 6, 0 ]

[ "I'm interested in recycling. It a process of converting waste into something new!", "I do because I like to save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions. ", "Yes! And other materials can include glasses, cardboard, and paper!", "No it's just gratifying to know that I'm helping the enviroment" ]

[ "Recycling", "Recycling", "Recycling", "Recycling" ]

[ "Tesla, Inc.", "I have always admire teslas they are so powerfull and fancy at the same time do you know much about tesla?", "Wow do you know who is the founder of tesla?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Tesla, Inc. (formerly Tesla Motors) is an American company that specializes in electric automotives, energy storage and solar panel manufacturing based in Palo Alto, California.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Founded in 2003, the company specializes in electric cars, lithium-ion battery energy storage, and residential photovoltaic panels (through the subsidiary company SolarCity).", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The additional products Tesla sells include the Tesla Powerwall and Powerpack batteries, solar panels and solar roof tiles.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ CEO Elon Musk said that he envisions Tesla as a technology company and independent automaker, aimed at eventually offering electric cars at prices affordable to the average consumer.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The company was named after the Serbian-American electrical engineer and physicist Nikola Tesla by company co-founders Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The company's Model S was the world's best-selling plug-in electric car in 2015 and 2016.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Global sales of the Model S reached the 200,000 unit milestone during the fourth quarter of 2017.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ In September 2015, the company released its Model X, a crossover SUV.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The Model 3 was released in July 2017.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Tesla global sales passed 250,000 units in September 2017.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Tesla operates multiple production and assembly plants, notably Gigafactory 1 near Reno, Nevada and its main vehicle manufacturing facility at Tesla Factory in Fremont, California." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Tesla, Inc. (formerly Tesla Motors) is an American company that specializes in electric automotives, energy storage and solar panel manufacturing based in Palo Alto, California.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Founded in 2003, the company specializes in electric cars, lithium-ion battery energy storage, and residential photovoltaic panels (through the subsidiary company SolarCity).", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The additional products Tesla sells include the Tesla Powerwall and Powerpack batteries, solar panels and solar roof tiles.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ CEO Elon Musk said that he envisions Tesla as a technology company and independent automaker, aimed at eventually offering electric cars at prices affordable to the average consumer.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The company was named after the Serbian-American electrical engineer and physicist Nikola Tesla by company co-founders Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The company's Model S was the world's best-selling plug-in electric car in 2015 and 2016.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Global sales of the Model S reached the 200,000 unit milestone during the fourth quarter of 2017.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ In September 2015, the company released its Model X, a crossover SUV.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The Model 3 was released in July 2017.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Tesla global sales passed 250,000 units in September 2017.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Tesla operates multiple production and assembly plants, notably Gigafactory 1 near Reno, Nevada and its main vehicle manufacturing facility at Tesla Factory in Fremont, California.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The Tesla Model S is a full-sized all-electric five-door, luxury liftback, produced by Tesla, Inc., and introduced on June 22, 2012.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ It scored a perfect 5.0 NHTSA automobile safety rating.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The EPA official range for the 2017 Model S 100D, which is equipped with a battery pack, is , higher than any other electric car.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The EPA rated the 2017 90D Model S's energy consumption at 200.9 watt-hours per kilometer (32.33 kWh/100 mi or 20.09 kWh/100 km) for a combined fuel economy of 104 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent ( or ).", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ In 2016, Tesla updated the design of the Model S to closely match that of the Model X. , the following versions are available: 75D, 100D and P100D.", "Nikola Tesla __knowledge__ Nikola Tesla (; ; 10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist who is best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.", "Nikola Tesla __knowledge__ Born and raised in the Austrian Empire, Tesla received an advanced education in engineering and physics in the 1870s and gained practical experience in the early 1880s working in telephony and at Continental Edison in the new electric power industry.", "Nikola Tesla __knowledge__ He immigrated to the United States in 1884, where he would become a naturalized citizen.", "Tesla Supercharger __knowledge__ The Tesla Supercharger network is a system of 480-volt DC fast-charging stations built by American vehicle manufacturer Tesla Inc. to allow longer journeys for their all-electric manufactured vehicles (Model S, 3 and X), through quick charging of the vehicle's battery packs.", "Tesla Supercharger __knowledge__ Tesla began building the network in 2012. , there were 1,045 stations globally, with 7,496 chargers.", "Tesla Supercharger __knowledge__ The Supercharger is a proprietary direct current (DC) technology that provides up to 120 kW of power per car (depending on circumstances), giving the 90 kWh Model S an additional of range in about 30 minutes charge and a full charge in around 75 minutes.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ A Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ It is used to produce high-voltage, low-current, high frequency alternating-current electricity.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ Tesla experimented with a number of different configurations consisting of two, or sometimes three, coupled resonant electric circuits.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ Tesla used these circuits to conduct innovative experiments in electrical lighting, phosphorescence, X-ray generation, high frequency alternating current phenomena, electrotherapy, and the transmission of electrical energy without wires.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ Tesla coil circuits were used commercially in sparkgap radio transmitters for wireless telegraphy until the 1920s, and in medical equipment such as electrotherapy and violet ray devices.", "Tesla Roadster (2008) __knowledge__ The Tesla Roadster is a battery electric vehicle (BEV) sports car that was produced by the electric car firm Tesla Motors (now Tesla, Inc.) in California from 2008 to 2012.", "Tesla Roadster (2008) __knowledge__ The Roadster was the first highway legal serial production all-electric car to use lithium-ion battery cells and the first production all-electric car to travel more than per charge.", "Tesla Roadster (2008) __knowledge__ Tesla sold about 2,450 Roadsters in over 30 countries, and most of the last Roadsters were sold in Europe and Asia during the fourth quarter of 2012.", "Tesla Roadster (2008) __knowledge__ Tesla produced right-hand-drive Roadsters from early 2010.", "Tesla Roadster (2008) __knowledge__ The Roadster qualified for government incentives in several nations.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in the United States is actively supported by the American federal government, and several state and local governments.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ , cumulative sales in the U.S. totaled 764,666 highway legal plug-in electric vehicles since the market launch of the Tesla Roadster in 2008, , the American stock represented 28.1% of the global light-duty plug-in stock, and the U.S. had the world's third largest stock of plug-in passenger cars after China and Europe.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. market share of plug-in electric passenger cars increased from 0.14% in 2011 to 0.62% in 2013.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The plug-in segment reached a market share of 0.75% in 2014 and fell to 0.66% in 2015.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ The fleet of plug-in electric vehicles in Norway is the largest per capita in the world, with Oslo recognized as the EV capital of the world.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ , the market concentration was 21.5 registered plug-in cars per 1,000 people, 14.2 times higher than the U.S., then the world's largest country market.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ Norway's fleet of electric cars is one of the cleanest in the world because 98% of the electricity generated in the country comes from hydropower.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ In March 2014, Norway became the first country where over one in every 100 passenger cars on the road was a plug-in electric; the segment's market penetration passed 3% in December 2015, and ended 2016 with 5% of all passenger cars on Norwegian roads being a plug-in.", "Electric car __knowledge__ An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries.", "Electric car __knowledge__ The first practical electric cars were produced in the 1880s.", "Electric car __knowledge__ Electric cars were popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century, until advances in internal combustion engines, electric starters in particular, and mass production of cheaper gasoline vehicles led to a decline in the use of electric drive vehicles.", "Electric car __knowledge__ In 1897, electric cars found their first commercial use in the USA.", "Electric car __knowledge__ New York City taxis were electric, and they were manufactured by the Philadelphian Electric Carriage and Wagon company.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from an external source of electricity, such as wall sockets, and the electricity stored in the rechargeable battery packs drives or contributes to drive the wheels.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ PEV is a subset of electric vehicles that includes all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ In China, plug-in electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs).", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ Plug-in cars have several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "History of the electric vehicle __knowledge__ Electric vehicles first appeared in the mid-19th century.", "History of the electric vehicle __knowledge__ An electric vehicle held the vehicular land speed record until around 1900.", "History of the electric vehicle __knowledge__ The high cost, low top speed, and short range of battery electric vehicles, compared to later internal combustion engine vehicles, led to a worldwide decline in their use; although electric vehicles have continued to be used in the form of electric trains and other niche uses.", "History of the electric vehicle __knowledge__ At the beginning of the 21st century, interest in electric and other alternative fuel vehicles has increased due to growing concern over the problems associated with hydrocarbon-fueled vehicles, including damage to the environment caused by their emissions, and the sustainability of the current hydrocarbon-based transportation infrastructure as well as improvements in electric vehicle technology.", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ Government incentives for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been established by several national and local governments around the world as a financial incentives to plug-in electric vehicle vehicles to consumers.", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ These mainly include tax exemptions and tax credits, and additional perks that range from access to bus lines to waivers on fees (charging, parking, tolls, etc.).", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ The amount of these incentives usually depend on battery size and the vehicle all-electric range, and some countries extend the benefits to fuel cell vehicles, and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Tesla, Inc. (formerly Tesla Motors) is an American company that specializes in electric automotives, energy storage and solar panel manufacturing based in Palo Alto, California.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Founded in 2003, the company specializes in electric cars, lithium-ion battery energy storage, and residential photovoltaic panels (through the subsidiary company SolarCity).", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The additional products Tesla sells include the Tesla Powerwall and Powerpack batteries, solar panels and solar roof tiles.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ CEO Elon Musk said that he envisions Tesla as a technology company and independent automaker, aimed at eventually offering electric cars at prices affordable to the average consumer.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The company was named after the Serbian-American electrical engineer and physicist Nikola Tesla by company co-founders Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The company's Model S was the world's best-selling plug-in electric car in 2015 and 2016.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Global sales of the Model S reached the 200,000 unit milestone during the fourth quarter of 2017.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ In September 2015, the company released its Model X, a crossover SUV.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The Model 3 was released in July 2017.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Tesla global sales passed 250,000 units in September 2017.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Tesla operates multiple production and assembly plants, notably Gigafactory 1 near Reno, Nevada and its main vehicle manufacturing facility at Tesla Factory in Fremont, California.", "Nikola Tesla __knowledge__ Nikola Tesla (; ; 10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist who is best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.", "Nikola Tesla __knowledge__ Born and raised in the Austrian Empire, Tesla received an advanced education in engineering and physics in the 1870s and gained practical experience in the early 1880s working in telephony and at Continental Edison in the new electric power industry.", "Nikola Tesla __knowledge__ He immigrated to the United States in 1884, where he would become a naturalized citizen.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The Tesla Model S is a full-sized all-electric five-door, luxury liftback, produced by Tesla, Inc., and introduced on June 22, 2012.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ It scored a perfect 5.0 NHTSA automobile safety rating.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The EPA official range for the 2017 Model S 100D, which is equipped with a battery pack, is , higher than any other electric car.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The EPA rated the 2017 90D Model S's energy consumption at 200.9 watt-hours per kilometer (32.33 kWh/100 mi or 20.09 kWh/100 km) for a combined fuel economy of 104 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent ( or ).", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ In 2016, Tesla updated the design of the Model S to closely match that of the Model X. , the following versions are available: 75D, 100D and P100D.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ A Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ It is used to produce high-voltage, low-current, high frequency alternating-current electricity.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ Tesla experimented with a number of different configurations consisting of two, or sometimes three, coupled resonant electric circuits.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ Tesla used these circuits to conduct innovative experiments in electrical lighting, phosphorescence, X-ray generation, high frequency alternating current phenomena, electrotherapy, and the transmission of electrical energy without wires.", "Tesla coil __knowledge__ Tesla coil circuits were used commercially in sparkgap radio transmitters for wireless telegraphy until the 1920s, and in medical equipment such as electrotherapy and violet ray devices.", "Tesla Roadster (2008) __knowledge__ The Tesla Roadster is a battery electric vehicle (BEV) sports car that was produced by the electric car firm Tesla Motors (now Tesla, Inc.) in California from 2008 to 2012.", "Tesla Roadster (2008) __knowledge__ The Roadster was the first highway legal serial production all-electric car to use lithium-ion battery cells and the first production all-electric car to travel more than per charge.", "Tesla Roadster (2008) __knowledge__ Tesla sold about 2,450 Roadsters in over 30 countries, and most of the last Roadsters were sold in Europe and Asia during the fourth quarter of 2012.", "Tesla Roadster (2008) __knowledge__ Tesla produced right-hand-drive Roadsters from early 2010.", "Tesla Roadster (2008) __knowledge__ The Roadster qualified for government incentives in several nations.", "Wardenclyffe Tower __knowledge__ Wardenclyffe Tower (1901–1917), also known as the Tesla Tower, was an early experimental wireless transmission station designed and built by Nikola Tesla in Shoreham, New York in 1901-1902.", "Wardenclyffe Tower __knowledge__ Tesla intended to transmit messages, telephony and even facsimile images across the Atlantic to England and to ships at sea based on his theories of using the Earth to conduct the signals.", "Wardenclyffe Tower __knowledge__ His decision to scale up the facility and add his ideas of wireless power transmission to better compete with Guglielmo Marconi's radio based telegraph system was met with refusal to fund the changes by the project's primary backer, financier J. P. Morgan.", "Tesla US dealership disputes __knowledge__ Tesla, Inc. has faced dealership disputes in several U.S. states as a result of local laws.", "Tesla US dealership disputes __knowledge__ In the United States, direct manufacturer auto sales are prohibited in many states by franchise laws requiring that new cars be sold only by independent dealers.", "Tesla US dealership disputes __knowledge__ The electric car manufacturer Tesla maintains that in order to properly explain to their customers the advantages their cars have over traditional vehicles with an internal combustion engine, they cannot rely on third party dealerships to handle their sales.", "Tesla US dealership disputes __knowledge__ Tesla has an 80% degree of vertical integration in 2016 according to Goldman Sachs.", "Tesla US dealership disputes __knowledge__ The integration includes own sales channels and proprietary charging infrastructure among others.", "Net metering __knowledge__ Net metering (or net energy metering, NEM) allows consumers who generate some or all of their own electricity to use that electricity anytime, instead of when it is generated.", "Net metering __knowledge__ This is particularly important with wind and solar, which are non-dispatchable.", "Net metering __knowledge__ Monthly net metering allows consumers to use solar power generated during the day at night, or wind from a windy day later in the month.", "Net metering __knowledge__ Annual net metering rolls over a net kilowatt credit to the following month, allowing solar power that was generated in July to be used in December, or wind power from March in August.", "Net metering __knowledge__ Net metering policies can vary significantly by country and by state or province: if net metering is available, if and how long banked credits can be retained, and how much the credits are worth (retail/wholesale).", "Solar vehicle __knowledge__ A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy.", "Solar vehicle __knowledge__ Usually, photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar panels convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy.", "Solar vehicle __knowledge__ The term \"solar vehicle\" usually implies that solar energy is used to power all or part of a vehicle's propulsion.", "Solar vehicle __knowledge__ Solar power may be also used to provide power for communications or controls or other auxiliary functions.", "Solar vehicle __knowledge__ Solar vehicles are not sold as practical day-to-day transportation devices at present, but are primarily demonstration vehicles and engineering exercises, often sponsored by government agencies.", "Photovoltaic system __knowledge__ A photovoltaic system, also PV system or solar power system, is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics.", "Photovoltaic system __knowledge__ It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to change the electric current from DC to AC, as well as mounting, cabling, and other electrical accessories to set up a working system.", "Photovoltaic system __knowledge__ It may also use a solar tracking system to improve the system's overall performance and include an integrated battery solution, as prices for storage devices are expected to decline.", "Solar bus __knowledge__ A solar bus or solar-charged bus is a bus which is powered exclusively or mainly by solar energy.", "Solar bus __knowledge__ A solar-powered bus service is referred to as a solar bus service.", "Solar bus __knowledge__ The use of the term \"solar bus\" normally implies that solar energy is used not only for powering electric equipment on the bus, but also for the propulsion of the vehicle.", "Solar bus __knowledge__ Existing solar buses are battery electric vehicles or (in the case of hybrid solar buses) hybrid vehicles equipped with batteries which are recharged from solar (or other) power sources; a launch of a solar bus service often goes hand in hand with investments for large-scale installations of stationary solar panels with photovoltaic cells.", "Solar panels on spacecraft __knowledge__ Spacecraft operating in the inner Solar System usually rely on the use of photovoltaic solar panels to derive electricity from sunlight.", "Solar panels on spacecraft __knowledge__ In the outer solar system, where the sunlight is too weak to produce sufficient power, radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) are used as a power source.", "Solar panels on spacecraft __knowledge__ The first spacecraft to use solar panels was the Vanguard 1 satellite, launched by the US in 1958.", "Solar panels on spacecraft __knowledge__ This was largely because of the influence of Dr. Hans Ziegler, who can be regarded as the father of spacecraft solar power.", "Solar panels on spacecraft __knowledge__ Solar panels on spacecraft supply power for two main uses: For both uses, a key figure of merit of the solar panels is the specific power (watts generated divided by solar array mass), which indicates on a relative basis how much power one array will generate for a given launch mass relative to another.", "Solar power in India __knowledge__ Solar power in India is a fast developing industry.", "Solar power in India __knowledge__ As of December 2017 the country's solar power had 17.05 GW total capacity.", "Solar power in India __knowledge__ India quadrupled its solar-generation capacity from 2,650 MW on 26 May 2014 to 12,289 MW on 31 March 2017.", "Solar power in India __knowledge__ The country added 3 GW of solar capacity in 2015-2016 and over 5 GW in 2016-2017, the highest of any year, with the average current price of solar electricity dropping to 18% below the average price of its coal-fired counterpart.", "Solar power in India __knowledge__ In January 2015 the Indian government expanded its solar plans, targeting 100 billion in investment and 100 GW of solar capacity (including 40 GW from rooftop solar) by 2022.", "Spirit (rover) __knowledge__ Spirit, also known as MER-A (Mars Exploration Rover – A) or MER-2, was a robotic rover on Mars, active from 2004 to 2010.", "Spirit (rover) __knowledge__ It was one of two rovers of NASA's ongoing Mars Exploration Rover Mission.", "Spirit (rover) __knowledge__ It landed successfully on Mars at 04:35 Ground UTC on January 4, 2004, three weeks before its twin, \"Opportunity\" (MER-B), landed on the other side of the planet.", "Spirit (rover) __knowledge__ Its name was chosen through a NASA-sponsored student essay competition.", "Spirit (rover) __knowledge__ The rover became stuck in late 2009, and its last communication with Earth was sent on March 22, 2010.", "Spirit (rover) __knowledge__ The rover completed its planned 90-sol mission.", "Spirit (rover) __knowledge__ Aided by cleaning events that resulted in more energy from its solar panels, \"Spirit\" went on to function effectively over twenty times longer than NASA planners expected." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4 ]

[ "I make cars for a living. Tesla makes electric cars", "I do. I love them. Founded in 2003, they also sell batteries and solar panels.", "Elon Musk. He sees Tesla as a tech company and auto maker aimed at one day making electric cars affordable." ]

[ "Tesla, Inc.", "Tesla, Inc.", "Tesla, Inc." ]

[ "Moped", "oh yea? ive never owned one", "oh wow thats cool" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moped __knowledge__ A moped (/ˈmoʊpɛd/ MOH-ped) is a small motorcycle, generally having a less stringent licensing requirement than motorcycles or automobiles because mopeds typically travel about the same speed as bicycles on public roads.", "Moped __knowledge__ Mopeds by definition are driven by both an engine and bicycle pedals, but in common usage and in many jurisdictions the term \"moped\" is used for similar vehicles including a scooter.", "Moped __knowledge__ Some mopeds are of a step-through type design, while others are step-over designs, having a motorcycle-like frame, including a backbone and a raised fuel tank, mounted directly between the saddle and the head tube.", "Moped __knowledge__ Some resemble motorized bicycles.", "Moped __knowledge__ Most are similar to a regular motorcycle, but with pedals and a crankset that may be used with or instead of motor drive.", "Moped __knowledge__ Although mopeds usually have two wheels, some jurisdictions classify low-powered three- or (rarely) four-wheeled vehicles as a moped.", "Moped __knowledge__ The word \"moped\" was coined by Swedish journalist Harald Nielsen in 1952, as a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"pedal\".", "Moped __knowledge__ Another origin is that it was derived from the term \"motor-velocipede\".", "Moped __knowledge__ According to Douglas Harper, the Swedish terms originated from \"(\"trampcykel med\") mo(tor och\") ped(aler\")\", which means \"pedal cycle with engine and pedals\" (the earliest versions had auxiliary pedals)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moped __knowledge__ A moped (/ˈmoʊpɛd/ MOH-ped) is a small motorcycle, generally having a less stringent licensing requirement than motorcycles or automobiles because mopeds typically travel about the same speed as bicycles on public roads.", "Moped __knowledge__ Mopeds by definition are driven by both an engine and bicycle pedals, but in common usage and in many jurisdictions the term \"moped\" is used for similar vehicles including a scooter.", "Moped __knowledge__ Some mopeds are of a step-through type design, while others are step-over designs, having a motorcycle-like frame, including a backbone and a raised fuel tank, mounted directly between the saddle and the head tube.", "Moped __knowledge__ Some resemble motorized bicycles.", "Moped __knowledge__ Most are similar to a regular motorcycle, but with pedals and a crankset that may be used with or instead of motor drive.", "Moped __knowledge__ Although mopeds usually have two wheels, some jurisdictions classify low-powered three- or (rarely) four-wheeled vehicles as a moped.", "Moped __knowledge__ The word \"moped\" was coined by Swedish journalist Harald Nielsen in 1952, as a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"pedal\".", "Moped __knowledge__ Another origin is that it was derived from the term \"motor-velocipede\".", "Moped __knowledge__ According to Douglas Harper, the Swedish terms originated from \"(\"trampcykel med\") mo(tor och\") ped(aler\")\", which means \"pedal cycle with engine and pedals\" (the earliest versions had auxiliary pedals).", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Sir Jonathan Paul \"Jony\" Ive, (born 27 February 1967), is an English industrial designer who is currently the chief design officer (CDO) of Apple and chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ While working for a design firm in London he was asked by Apple, then a struggling company, to create a look for a new laptop.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ He took the design to Apple and was hired immediately.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive oversees the Apple Industrial Design Group and also provides leadership and direction for Human Interface software teams across the company.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive is the designer of many of Apple's hardware and software products.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive has received a number of accolades for his work.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "St Ive __knowledge__ St Ive ( ; ) is a village and civil parish in eastern Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The village is split into four parts: St Ive Church End, St Ive Cross, St Ive Keason and St Ive Parkfield.", "St Ive __knowledge__ In addition to the Parish an electoral ward exists stretching north of St Ive.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The population at the 2011 census was 4,246.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The parish used to be a large rural area of rolling landscape with wooded valleys and the population was sparse with the largest village being St Ive itself, sited on the A390.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The hamlet of Woolston lies to the northwest of St Ive.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The demography of the parish was radically altered with the mid-Victorian mining boom centred on Caradon Hill.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ Butch Patterson: Private Dick is a Canadian serial comedy television series centering on the seedy exploits of a self-described premature ejaculating, alcoholic, kleptomaniac, sexually deviant private detective played by Canadian actor/comedian Greg Lawrence.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ The series had a three season run, airing on The Comedy Network.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ Although the show was not a critical or commercial success, it maintains a small cult following.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ After the series' initial run, reruns were featured on the now defunct CBC Country Canada.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ Since then, all three original seasons have been released on DVD.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ Most of the episodes are focused around the cases that Butch Patterson is investigating at the time.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" (occasionally spelt as \"Oh Yea\") is a song by Ash, released as the fifth single from their album \"1977\" on 24 June 1996.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ It was released as a single CD, a 7\" vinyl (the limited edition 7\" was yellow and came with a picture sleeve), and as a cassette.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ The UK Promo version of the track is thought of as quite rare, and a collector's item between fans.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ It comes on orange 7\" vinyl and has the same track on both sides.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" was the first single released after the release of \"1977\" and was their second Top 10 single, reaching number 6 in the UK singles chart.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ It is probably Ash's best-known song and one of the best known from the Brit-Pop period.", "Institute of the Incarnate Word __knowledge__ The Institute of the Incarnate Word (IVE) () is a Roman Catholic religious institute founded in Argentina by Fr.", "Institute of the Incarnate Word __knowledge__ Carlos Miguel Buela on March 25, 1984.", "Institute of the Incarnate Word __knowledge__ The Institute is a \"Clerical Institute\" of Consecrated Life of Diocesan Right which includes both priests and religious brothers of either apostolic or contemplative life.", "Institute of the Incarnate Word __knowledge__ The Institute is the male branch of the Religious Family of the Incarnate Word: a union of religious institutes founded by Fr.", "Institute of the Incarnate Word __knowledge__ Buela.", "Institute of the Incarnate Word __knowledge__ The other two branches are the female religious community known as the Servants of the Lord and the Virgin of Matará (SSVM) and the Secular Third Order.", "Artisan Entertainment __knowledge__ Artisan Entertainment (formerly known as U.S.A. Home Video, International Video Entertainment (IVE) and LIVE Entertainment) was an American film studio and home video company.", "Artisan Entertainment __knowledge__ It was considered one of the largest mini-major film studios until it was purchased by later mini-major film studio Lions Gate Entertainment in 2003.", "Artisan Entertainment __knowledge__ At the time of its acquisition, Artisan had a library of thousands of films developed through acquisition, original production, and production and distribution agreements.", "Artisan Entertainment __knowledge__ Its headquarters and private screening room were located in Santa Monica, California.", "Artisan Entertainment __knowledge__ It also had an office in Tribeca in Manhattan, New York.", "Motorized bicycle __knowledge__ A motorized bicycle is a bicycle with an attached motor or engine and transmission used either to power the vehicle unassisted, or to assist with pedalling.", "Motorized bicycle __knowledge__ Since it always retains both pedals and a discrete connected drive for rider-powered propulsion, the motorized bicycle is in technical terms a true bicycle, albeit a power-assisted one.", "Motorized bicycle __knowledge__ However, for purposes of governmental licensing and registration requirements, the type may be legally defined as a motor vehicle, motorcycle, moped, or a separate class of hybrid vehicle.", "Motorized bicycle __knowledge__ Powered by a variety of engine types and designs, the motorized bicycle formed the prototype for what would later become the motorcycle.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Many countries have enacted electric bicycle laws to regulate the use of electric bicycles.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Countries such as the United States and Canada have federal regulations governing the safety requirements and standards of manufacture.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Other countries like the signatories of the European Union have agreed to wider-ranging legislation covering use and safety of their term EPAC (electric pedal-assisted cycles).", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ However, confusion remains regarding the various laws involving electric bicycles.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ This stems from the fact that while some countries have national regulations, the legality of road use is left to states and provinces, and then complicated further by municipal laws and restrictions.", "Pedelec __knowledge__ A pedelec (from pedal electric cycle) is a bicycle where the rider's pedalling is \"assisted\" by a small electric motor; thus it is a type of low-powered e-bike.", "Pedelec __knowledge__ However, unlike some other types of e-bikes, pedelecs are classified as conventional bicycles in many countries by road authorities rather than as a type of electric moped.", "Pedelec __knowledge__ Pedelecs include an electronic controller which cuts power to the motor when the rider is not pedalling or when a certain speed – usually – is reached.", "Pedelec __knowledge__ Pedelecs are useful for people who ride in hilly areas or in strong headwinds.", "Pedelec __knowledge__ While a pedelec can be any type of bicycle, a pedelec city bike is very common.", "Modenas __knowledge__ \"Syarikat Motosikal dan Enjin Nasional Sdn.", "Modenas __knowledge__ Bhd\" (National Motorcycle and Engine Company), or known as Modenas for short is a Malaysian national motorcycle company producing various small motorcycle models below 200 cc targeted for local market and export.", "Modenas __knowledge__ The company's headquarters and factory are located at the small town of Gurun, Kedah, Malaysia.", "Modenas __knowledge__ The history of the company began at the early 1990s.", "Modenas __knowledge__ After the success of Malaysian automotive manufacturer Proton, the government looked forward to launch a national motorcycle project.", "Modenas __knowledge__ Modenas was formed in 1995 and majority of its shares were held by Kawasaki, Sojitz, Khazanah Nasional and DRB-HICOM.", "Tempo (motorcycle manufacturer) __knowledge__ Tempo was a Norwegian motorcycle and moped brand.", "Tempo (motorcycle manufacturer) __knowledge__ Jonas Øglænd made the rolling chassis and most of the parts thereof, and Fichtel & Sachs AG made the engines for the majority of the models.", "Tempo (motorcycle manufacturer) __knowledge__ After 1972 the company made mopeds only.", "Tempo (motorcycle manufacturer) __knowledge__ In 1868 Jonas Øglænd started his business with mounting and selling bicycles.", "Tempo (motorcycle manufacturer) __knowledge__ One of the brands was \"The World\", initially made in USA, starting licence production in Sandnes, Norway in 1906.", "Tempo (motorcycle manufacturer) __knowledge__ In the early 30s the idea of putting an engine in the frame of one of these bicycles was born, and serial production of the motorized \"The World\" started in 1931 continuing to 1934.", "Simson (company) __knowledge__ Simson was a German company which produced firearms, automobiles, bicycles and motorcycles, and mopeds.", "Simson (company) __knowledge__ Under the Third Reich, the factory was taken from the Jewish Simson family, and was renamed several times under Nazi and later Communist control.", "Simson (company) __knowledge__ The Simson name was reintroduced as a brand name for mopeds produced at the factory in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR).", "Simson (company) __knowledge__ Simson mopeds were then produced in Suhl (Germany) until 2002.", "Simson (company) __knowledge__ In 1854 the brothers Löb and Moses Simson bought one third of a steelhammer works in Suhl (Germany).", "Simson (company) __knowledge__ The production of carbon steel began and the firm Simson & Co. was founded in 1856." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moped __knowledge__ A moped (/ˈmoʊpɛd/ MOH-ped) is a small motorcycle, generally having a less stringent licensing requirement than motorcycles or automobiles because mopeds typically travel about the same speed as bicycles on public roads.", "Moped __knowledge__ Mopeds by definition are driven by both an engine and bicycle pedals, but in common usage and in many jurisdictions the term \"moped\" is used for similar vehicles including a scooter.", "Moped __knowledge__ Some mopeds are of a step-through type design, while others are step-over designs, having a motorcycle-like frame, including a backbone and a raised fuel tank, mounted directly between the saddle and the head tube.", "Moped __knowledge__ Some resemble motorized bicycles.", "Moped __knowledge__ Most are similar to a regular motorcycle, but with pedals and a crankset that may be used with or instead of motor drive.", "Moped __knowledge__ Although mopeds usually have two wheels, some jurisdictions classify low-powered three- or (rarely) four-wheeled vehicles as a moped.", "Moped __knowledge__ The word \"moped\" was coined by Swedish journalist Harald Nielsen in 1952, as a portmanteau of \"motor\" and \"pedal\".", "Moped __knowledge__ Another origin is that it was derived from the term \"motor-velocipede\".", "Moped __knowledge__ According to Douglas Harper, the Swedish terms originated from \"(\"trampcykel med\") mo(tor och\") ped(aler\")\", which means \"pedal cycle with engine and pedals\" (the earliest versions had auxiliary pedals).", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Motorcycle frame __knowledge__ A motorcycle frame is a motorcycle's core structure.", "Motorcycle frame __knowledge__ It supports the engine, provides a location for the steering and rear suspension, and supports the rider and any passenger or luggage.", "Motorcycle frame __knowledge__ Also attached to the frame are the fuel tank and battery.", "Motorcycle frame __knowledge__ At the front of the frame is found the steering head tube that holds the pivoting front fork, while at the rear there is a pivot point for the swingarm suspension motion.", "Motorcycle frame __knowledge__ Some motorcycles include the engine as a load-bearing stressed member; while some others bikes do not use a single frame, but instead have a front and a rear subframe attached to the engine.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Suspension (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A motorcycle's suspension serves a dual purpose: contributing to the vehicle's handling and braking, and providing safety and comfort by keeping the vehicle's passengers comfortably isolated from road noise, bumps and vibrations.", "Suspension (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The typical motorcycle has a pair of fork tubes for the front suspension, and a swingarm with one or two shock absorbers for the rear suspension.", "Suspension (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The most common form of front suspension for a modern motorcycle is the telescopic fork.", "Suspension (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Other fork designs are girder forks, suspended on sprung parallel links (not common since the 1940s) and bottom leading link designs, not common since the 1960s.", "Chicano Roy __knowledge__ Roy Suarez Garcia (1945–2003) AKA \"Chicano Roy\" was an American motorcycle builder and inventor.", "Chicano Roy __knowledge__ He is credited with developing the idea of molding shapes and designs from the frame to the gas tank, and he designed the first pop-off gas tank, a significant improvement for motorcycle safety and repair.", "Chicano Roy __knowledge__ From 1977 to 1982, Chicano Roy was the first Hispanic motorcycle chopper builder to conquer the custom motorcycle magazine world, with his right-hand man, and youngest brother of 10, David Garcia.", "Chicano Roy __knowledge__ These magazines included Easyrider, Big Bike, Street Chopper, Custom Bike, Chopper, Iron Horse and others.", "Harley-Davidson __knowledge__ Harley-Davidson, Inc. (H-D), or Harley, is an American motorcycle manufacturer, founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1903.", "Harley-Davidson __knowledge__ One of two major American motorcycle manufacturers to survive the Great Depression (along with Indian), the company has survived numerous ownership arrangements, subsidiary arrangements (e.g., Aermacchi 1974-1978 and Buell 1987-2009), periods of poor economic health and product quality, as well as intense global competition, to become one of the world's largest motorcycle manufacturers and an iconic brand widely known for its loyal following.", "Harley-Davidson __knowledge__ There are owner clubs and events worldwide as well as a company-sponsored brand-focused museum.", "Featherbed frame __knowledge__ The featherbed frame was a motorcycle frame developed by the British Norton motorcycle company to improve the performance of their racing motorcycles around the twisting and demanding Isle of Man TT course in 1950.", "Featherbed frame __knowledge__ It was considered revolutionary at the time, and the best handling frame that a racer could have.", "Featherbed frame __knowledge__ Later adopted for Norton production motorcycles, it was also widely used by builders of custom hybrids such as the Triton, becoming legendary and remaining influential to this day.", "Featherbed frame __knowledge__ The Featherbed inspired other frame builders who based their own products on similar principles, including the 1960s heavyweight Münch Mammoth, a lightweight version for a 250 cc BSA C15 engine, and the 1970-conceived \"Dresda\" frame.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A scooter (also referred to as a motor scooter to avoid confusion with kick scooter) is a type of motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Elements of scooter design have been present in some of the earliest motorcycles, and motorcycles identifiable as scooters have been made from 1914 or earlier.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooter development continued in Europe and the United States between the World Wars.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The global popularity of scooters dates from the post-World War II introductions of the Vespa and the Lambretta.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ These scooters were intended to provide economical personal transportation (engines from )." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 6 ]

[ "I drive my moped everyday, its basically just a small motorcycle!", "Yes, some look like the step through design with is more common. Others are a step over design, making them look more like a motorcycle frame!", "Thanks! Mopeds usually have two wheels, like the common seen ones. But some low powered three and even four wheeled vehicles are classified as mopeds as well" ]

[ "Moped", "Moped", "Moped" ]

[ "Dentist", "Do you think you will pursue being a dentist?", "Oh, my gosh. I had the most painful infected root canal about two years ago. ", "I sure do sympathize. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentistry throughout the world is practised differently, and training in dentistry varies as well.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Australian dentistry is overseen by the Australian Dental Council and the Dental Board of Australia The professional body for dentists is the Australian Dental Association.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentists trained in Australia must meet the entry requirements of one of the Australian institutions offering dental courses, and then complete the required full-time academic training leading to a dental degree.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ If dentists wish to specialize, they must complete extra study after having had clinical experience.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ In order to practice dentistry in Australia (as of July 2010) you must obtain registration and licensing from the nationalized Dental Board of Australia.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ Pediatric dentistry (formerly pedodontics in American English or paedodontics in Commonwealth English) is the branch of dentistry dealing with children from birth through adolescence.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ The specialty of pediatric dentistry is recognized by the American Dental Association, Royal College of Dentists of Canada, and Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ Pediatric dentists promote the dental health of children as well as serve as educational resources for parents.", "Pediatric dentistry __knowledge__ It is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) that a dental visit should occur within six months after the presence of the first tooth or by a child's first birthday.", "A Trip to the Dentist __knowledge__ \"A Trip to the Dentist\" is the twenty-first and penultimate episode of the first season of the American mystery television series \"Veronica Mars\".", "A Trip to the Dentist __knowledge__ Written by Diane Ruggiero and directed by Marcos Siega, the episode premiered on UPN on May 3, 2005.", "A Trip to the Dentist __knowledge__ The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective.", "A Trip to the Dentist __knowledge__ In this episode, Veronica resolves the mystery of her sexual assault a year earlier by talking to previous acquaintances and learning about the details of what happened at Shelly Pomroy's party a year earlier while she was under the influence of GHB.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ A dental hygienist or oral hygienist is a licensed dental professional, registered with a dental association, or regulatory body within their country of practice.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ They are primary healthcare professionals who work independently of or alongside dentists and other dental professionals to provide full oral health care.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ They have the training and education that focus on and specialize in the prevention and treatment of many oral disease.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ The dental hygienist is a primary resource for oral cancer screening and prevention.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ Most importantly, they spend a large amount of time at each patient visit looking at the soft tissues of the oral cavity, where the early manifestations of oral cancer occur.", "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe (novel) __knowledge__ One, Two, Buckle My Shoe is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club in November 1940, and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in February 1941 under the title of The Patriotic Murders.", "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe (novel) __knowledge__ A paperback edition in the US by Dell books in 1953 changed the title again to An Overdose of Death.", "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe (novel) __knowledge__ The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) while the United States edition retailed at $2.00.", "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe (novel) __knowledge__ It is one of several of Christie's crime fiction novels to feature both the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, and Chief Inspector Japp.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ A crown is a type of dental restoration which completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns are often needed when a large cavity threatens the ongoing health of a tooth.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ They are typically bonded to the tooth using a dental cement.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns can be made from many materials, which are usually fabricated using \"indirect methods\".", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns are often used to improve the strength or appearance of teeth.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ While inarguably beneficial to dental health, the procedure and materials can be relatively expensive.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ The most common method of crowning a tooth involves using a dental impression of a prepared tooth by a dentist to fabricate the crown outside of the mouth.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Dental implant __knowledge__ A dental implant (also known as an endosseous implant or fixture) is a surgical component that interfaces with the bone of the jaw or skull to support a dental prosthesis such as a crown, bridge, denture, facial prosthesis or to act as an orthodontic anchor.", "Dental implant __knowledge__ The basis for modern dental implants is a biologic process called osseointegration, in which materials such as titanium form an intimate bond to bone.", "Dental implant __knowledge__ The implant fixture is first placed so that it is likely to osseointegrate, then a dental prosthetic is added.", "Dental implant __knowledge__ A variable amount of healing time is required for osseointegration before either the dental prosthetic (a tooth, bridge or denture) is attached to the implant or an abutment is placed which will hold a dental prosthetic.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ Special needs dentistry, also known as special care dentistry, is a speciality of dentistry concerned with the oral health of people who have intellectual disability, or who are affected by other medical, physical, or psychiatric issues.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ Special needs dentists require an extra three years of postgraduate training after attaining their dental degree.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ They are then eligible for Board Certification by the American Board of Special Care Dentistry (Diplomate ABSCD) or Fellowship with the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons (FRACDS (SND)).", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ The oral health therapist have incorporated studies to allow for their scope of practice to cover working with people with special needs.", "Dental extraction __knowledge__ A dental extraction (also referred to as tooth extraction, exodontia, exodontics, or informally, tooth pulling) is the removal of teeth from the dental alveolus (socket) in the alveolar bone.", "Dental extraction __knowledge__ Extractions are performed for a wide variety of reasons, but most commonly to remove teeth which have become unrestorable through tooth decay, periodontal disease or dental trauma, especially when they are associated with toothache.", "Dental extraction __knowledge__ Sometimes wisdom teeth are impacted (stuck and unable to grow normally into the mouth) and may cause recurrent infections of the gum (pericoronitis).", "Dental extraction __knowledge__ In orthodontics if the teeth are crowded, sound teeth may be extracted (often bicuspids) to create space so the rest of the teeth can be straightened.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular and other supporting structures.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.", "Mouth ulcer __knowledge__ A mouth ulcer is an ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.", "Mouth ulcer __knowledge__ Mouth ulcers are very common, occurring in association with many diseases and by many different mechanisms, but usually there is no serious underlying cause.", "Mouth ulcer __knowledge__ The two most common causes of oral ulceration are local trauma (e.g.", "Mouth ulcer __knowledge__ rubbing from a sharp edge on a broken filling) and aphthous stomatitis (\"canker sores\"), a condition characterized by recurrent formation of oral ulcers for largely unknown reasons.", "Mouth ulcer __knowledge__ Mouth ulcers often cause pain and discomfort, and may alter the person's choice of food while healing occurs (e.g.", "Kurt Hermann Thoma __knowledge__ Kurt H. Thoma (December 2, 1883 – June 5, 1972) was an American Oral Surgeon known as the founder of the American Board of Oral Pathology.", "Kurt Hermann Thoma __knowledge__ He was also the Editor-in-chief for the Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Oral Radiology Journal for 22 years.", "Kurt Hermann Thoma __knowledge__ To many Kurt was recognized as the Father of Oral and maxillofacial pathology and the defender of Oral and maxillofacial surgery and a great teacher of Oral medicine .", "Kurt Hermann Thoma __knowledge__ He was born in Basel, Switzerland and attended the Institute of Technology in Switzerland where he studied architecture.", "Kurt Hermann Thoma __knowledge__ He eventually moved to USA in 1908 and received his dental degree from Harvard School of Dental Medicine in 1911." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Endodontic therapy, also known as endodontic treatment or root canal therapy, is a treatment sequence for the infected pulp of a tooth which results in the elimination of infection and the protection of the decontaminated tooth from future microbial invasion.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Root canals, and their associated pulp chamber, are the physical hollows within a tooth that are naturally inhabited by nerve tissue, blood vessels and other cellular entities.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Together, these items constitute the dental pulp.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Endodontic therapy involves the \"removal\" of these structures, the subsequent shaping, cleaning, and decontamination of the hollows with small files and irrigating solutions, and the \"obturation\" (filling) of the decontaminated canals.", "Biofilling __knowledge__ Biofilling also known as orthograde canal grafting technique or 4D sealing, is an endodontic root canal obturation technique with a Bioceramic material after root canal preparation and enlargement procedure.", "Biofilling __knowledge__ Biofilling - perfect sealability, biocompatibility, no heavy metals, no expansion.", "Biofilling __knowledge__ All diagnosis of the teeth leading to endodontic therapy and retreatment procedure.", "Biofilling __knowledge__ Biofilling is specially indicated for severely infected root canal, perforations, cracked tooth, file separations, apexogenesis, and for simple endodontic obturations.", "Biofilling __knowledge__ 1.", "Biofilling __knowledge__ Physical Sealing - After Biofilling, water tight apical plug is formed at the apical constriction of apical foramen.", "Healing of periapical lesions __knowledge__ Apical periodontitis is typically the body’s defense response to the threat of microbial invasion from the root canal.", "Healing of periapical lesions __knowledge__ Primary among the members of the host defense mechanism is the polymorphonuclear leukocyte, otherwise known as the neutrophil.", "Healing of periapical lesions __knowledge__ The task of the neutrophil is to locate and destroy microbes that intrude into the body – anywhere in the body – and they represent the hallmark of acute inflammation.", "Healing of periapical lesions __knowledge__ In response to tissue injury, neutrophils leave the circulatory system in great numbers and gather at the site of tissue injury.", "Healing of periapical lesions __knowledge__ They are drawn to the site by chemotaxis, following a concentration gradient of chemotactic molecules until they reach the site of greatest concentration: the site of injury and microbial presence.", "Toothache __knowledge__ Toothache, also known as dental pain, is pain in the teeth and/or their supporting structures, caused by dental diseases or pain referred to the teeth by non-dental diseases.", "Toothache __knowledge__ Common causes include inflammation of the pulp, usually in response to tooth decay, dental trauma, or other factors, dentin hypersensitivity (short, sharp pain, usually associated with exposed root surfaces), apical periodontitis (inflammation of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone around the root apex), dental abscesses (localized collections of pus, such as apical abscess, pericoronal abscess, and periodontal abscess), alveolar osteitis (\"dry socket\", a possible complication of tooth extraction, with loss of the blood clot and exposure of bone), acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (a gum infection, also called \"trenchmouth\"), temporomandibular disorder and others.", "Endodontic files and reamers __knowledge__ Endodontic files and reamers are surgical instruments used by dentists when performing root canal treatment.", "Endodontic files and reamers __knowledge__ These tools are used to clean and shape the root canal, with the concept being to perform complete chemomechanical debridement of the root canal to the length of the apical foramen.", "Endodontic files and reamers __knowledge__ Preparing the canal in this way facilitates the chemical disinfection to a satisfactory length but also provides a shape conducive to obturation (filling of the canal).", "Endodontic files and reamers __knowledge__ Hand files can provide tactile sensation when cleaning or shaping root canals.", "Endodontic files and reamers __knowledge__ This allows the dentist to feel changes in resistance or angulation, which can help determine curvature, calcification and/or changes in anatomy, in which two dimensional radiographs may not always identify.", "Root canal __knowledge__ A root canal is the anatomic space within the root of a tooth.", "Root canal __knowledge__ Part of a naturally occurring space within a tooth, it consists of the pulp chamber (within the coronal part of the tooth), the main canal(s), and more intricate anatomical branches that may connect the root canals to each other or to the surface of the root.", "Root canal __knowledge__ At the center of every tooth is a hollow area that houses soft tissues, such as the nerve, blood vessels, and connective tissue.", "Root canal __knowledge__ This hollow area contains a relatively wide space in the coronal portion of the tooth called the pulp chamber.", "Root canal __knowledge__ These canals run through the center of the roots, similar to the way pencil lead runs through a pencil.", "Post and core __knowledge__ A post and core crown is a type of dental restoration required where there is an inadequate amount of sound tooth tissue remaining to retain a conventional crown.", "Post and core __knowledge__ A post is cemented into a prepared root canal, which retains a core restoration, which retains the final crown.", "Post and core __knowledge__ The role of the post is firstly to retain a core restoration and crown, and secondly to redistribute stresses down onto the root, thereby reducing the risk of coronal fracture.", "Post and core __knowledge__ The post does not play any role in reinforcing or supporting the tooth and can in fact make it more likely to fracture at the root.", "Post and core __knowledge__ When deciding whether or not a tooth requires a post and core crown rather than a conventional crown you must establish the following: 1.", "Focal infection theory __knowledge__ Focal infection theory is the historical concept that many chronic diseases, including systemic and common ones, are caused by focal infections.", "Focal infection theory __knowledge__ In present medical consensus, a focal infection is a localized infection, often asymptomatic, that causes disease elsewhere in the host, but focal infections are fairly infrequent and limited to fairly uncommon diseases.", "Focal infection theory __knowledge__ (Distant injury is focal infection's key principle, whereas in ordinary infectious disease, the infection itself is systemic, as in measles, or the initially infected site is readily identifiable and invasion progresses contiguously, as in gangrene.)" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "The Theory of Moral Sentiments __knowledge__ The Theory of Moral Sentiments is a 1759 book by Adam Smith.", "The Theory of Moral Sentiments __knowledge__ It provided the ethical, philosophical, psychological, and methodological underpinnings to Smith's later works, including \"The Wealth of Nations\" (1776), \"Essays on Philosophical Subjects\" (1795), and \"Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue, and Arms\" (1763) (first published in 1896).", "The Theory of Moral Sentiments __knowledge__ Broadly speaking, Smith followed the views of his mentor, Francis Hutcheson of the University of Glasgow, who divided moral philosophy into four parts: Ethics and Virtue; Private rights and Natural liberty; Familial rights (called Economics); and State and Individual rights (called Politics).", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "Henry James Sr. __knowledge__ Henry James Sr. (June 3, 1811 in Albany, New YorkDecember 18, 1882 in Boston, Massachusetts) was an American theologian and adherent of Swedenborgianism, also known for being the father of the philosopher William James, novelist Henry James, and diarist Alice James.", "Henry James Sr. __knowledge__ Henry James Sr. was the son of William James (1771–1832), who emigrated from Bailieborough, County Cavan, Ireland to the United States around 1789, and who amassed a fortune of about $1.2 million from business dealings in upstate New York State, primarily in Albany real estate and money lending.", "Henry James Sr. __knowledge__ The building of the Erie Canal was another factor in the James family's prosperity.", "Democratic Party (United States) __knowledge__ The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party (GOP).", "Democratic Party (United States) __knowledge__ Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, the modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest political party.", "Democratic Party (United States) __knowledge__ The Democrats' dominant worldview was once social conservatism and economic liberalism while populism was its leading characteristic in the rural South.", "Democratic Party (United States) __knowledge__ In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran as a third-party candidate in the Progressive (\"Bull Moose\") Party, leading to a switch of political platforms between the Democratic and Republican Party and Woodrow Wilson being elected as the first fiscally progressive Democrat.", "Anarky __knowledge__ Anarky is a fictional character, appearing in comic books published by DC Comics.", "Anarky __knowledge__ Co-created by Alan Grant and Norm Breyfogle, he first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" No.", "Anarky __knowledge__ 608 (November 1989), as an adversary of Batman.", "Anarky __knowledge__ Introduced as Lonnie Machin, a child prodigy with knowledge of radical philosophy and driven to overthrow governments to improve social conditions, stories revolving around Anarky often focus on political and philosophical themes.", "Anarky __knowledge__ The character, who is named after the philosophy of anarchism, primarily espouses anti-statism; however, multiple social issues have been addressed through the character, including environmentalism, antimilitarism, economic inequality, and political corruption.", "Nymphomaniac (film) __knowledge__ Nymphomaniac (stylised onscreen and in advertising as NYMPH()MANIAC) is a 2013 European two-part art film written and directed by Lars von Trier.", "Nymphomaniac (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Charlotte Gainsbourg, Stellan Skarsgård, Stacy Martin, Shia LaBeouf, Christian Slater, Jamie Bell, Uma Thurman, Willem Dafoe and Connie Nielsen.", "Nymphomaniac (film) __knowledge__ The film was originally supposed to be only one complete entry; but, because of its multiple hour length, von Trier made the decision to split the project into two separate films.", "Nymphomaniac (film) __knowledge__ \"Nymphomaniac\" was an international co-production of Denmark, Belgium, France, and Germany.", "Nymphomaniac (film) __knowledge__ The world premiere of the uncut version of \"Volume I\" of the original five-and-half-hour-long version occurred on 16 February 2014 at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Damon Salvatore __knowledge__ Damon Salvatore is a fictional character in \"The Vampire Diaries\" novel series.", "Damon Salvatore __knowledge__ He is portrayed by Ian Somerhalder in the television series.", "Damon Salvatore __knowledge__ Initially, Damon is the main antagonist in the beginning of the show and later became a protagonist.", "Damon Salvatore __knowledge__ After the first few episodes, Damon begins working alongside his younger brother, Stefan Salvatore, to resist greater threats and gradually Elena begins to consider him a friend.", "Damon Salvatore __knowledge__ His transition was completed after his younger brother Stefan, who is also a vampire, convinces him to drink blood.", "Damon Salvatore __knowledge__ Damon, angry that Katherine chose to turn Stefan as well, vows to make his brother's life sorrowful – thus further causing a century-long rift between the two brothers.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ The cavities may be a number of different colors from yellow to black.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Symptoms may include pain and difficulty with eating.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Complications may include inflammation of the tissue around the tooth, tooth loss, and infection or abscess formation.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ The cause of caries is acid from bacteria dissolving the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin and cementum).", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ The acid is produced by the bacteria when they breakdown food debris or sugar on the tooth surface.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Simple sugars in food are these bacteria's primary energy source and thus a diet high in simple sugar is a risk factor.", "Toothache __knowledge__ Toothache, also known as dental pain, is pain in the teeth and/or their supporting structures, caused by dental diseases or pain referred to the teeth by non-dental diseases.", "Toothache __knowledge__ Common causes include inflammation of the pulp, usually in response to tooth decay, dental trauma, or other factors, dentin hypersensitivity (short, sharp pain, usually associated with exposed root surfaces), apical periodontitis (inflammation of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone around the root apex), dental abscesses (localized collections of pus, such as apical abscess, pericoronal abscess, and periodontal abscess), alveolar osteitis (\"dry socket\", a possible complication of tooth extraction, with loss of the blood clot and exposure of bone), acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (a gum infection, also called \"trenchmouth\"), temporomandibular disorder and others.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Endodontic therapy, also known as endodontic treatment or root canal therapy, is a treatment sequence for the infected pulp of a tooth which results in the elimination of infection and the protection of the decontaminated tooth from future microbial invasion.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Root canals, and their associated pulp chamber, are the physical hollows within a tooth that are naturally inhabited by nerve tissue, blood vessels and other cellular entities.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Together, these items constitute the dental pulp.", "Endodontic therapy __knowledge__ Endodontic therapy involves the \"removal\" of these structures, the subsequent shaping, cleaning, and decontamination of the hollows with small files and irrigating solutions, and the \"obturation\" (filling) of the decontaminated canals.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ A crown is a type of dental restoration which completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns are often needed when a large cavity threatens the ongoing health of a tooth.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ They are typically bonded to the tooth using a dental cement.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns can be made from many materials, which are usually fabricated using \"indirect methods\".", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ Crowns are often used to improve the strength or appearance of teeth.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ While inarguably beneficial to dental health, the procedure and materials can be relatively expensive.", "Crown (dentistry) __knowledge__ The most common method of crowning a tooth involves using a dental impression of a prepared tooth by a dentist to fabricate the crown outside of the mouth.", "Human tooth development __knowledge__ Tooth development or odontogenesis is the complex process by which tooth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt into the mouth.", "Human tooth development __knowledge__ For human teeth to have a healthy oral environment, all parts of the tooth must develop during appropriate stages of fetal development.", "Human tooth development __knowledge__ Primary (baby) teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth week of prenatal development, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth week.", "Human tooth development __knowledge__ If teeth do not start to develop at or near these times, they will not develop at all, resulting in Hypodontia or Anodontia.", "Human tooth development __knowledge__ A significant amount of research has focused on determining the processes that initiate tooth development.", "Human tooth __knowledge__ The human teeth function to mechanically break down items of food by cutting and crushing them in preparation for swallowing and digesting.", "Human tooth __knowledge__ Humans have four types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, each with a specific function.", "Human tooth __knowledge__ The incisors cut the food, the canines tear the food and the molars and premolars crush the food.", "Human tooth __knowledge__ The roots of teeth are embedded in the maxilla (upper jaw) or the mandible (lower jaw) and are covered by gums.", "Human tooth __knowledge__ Teeth are made of multiple tissues of varying density and hardness.", "Human tooth __knowledge__ Teeth are among the most distinctive (and long-lasting) features of mammal species.", "Water fluoridation __knowledge__ Water fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay.", "Water fluoridation __knowledge__ Fluoridated water contains fluoride at a level that is effective for preventing cavities; this can occur naturally or by adding fluoride.", "Water fluoridation __knowledge__ Fluoridated water operates on tooth surfaces: in the mouth, it creates low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities.", "Water fluoridation __knowledge__ Typically a fluoridated compound is added to drinking water, a process that in the U.S. costs an average of about $ per person-year." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 34, 42 ]

[ "I've always wanted to study to be a dentist. Especially an oral surgeon ", "Well, I know I probably missed my calling ! I had a infected root canal earlier this year that cost $1300", "I had no idea it was infected at all , actually ! The are of concern was up above the tooth where it hurt but NOT the tooth itself.", "Thank you ! If I had not taken action when I did, I would have needed a crown. Its much more expensive. Luckily there was no tooth decay Thus dentists make a killing on teeth" ]

[ "Dentist", "Dentist", "Dentist", "Dentist" ]

[ "Surfing", "Surfing looks like a relaxing activity that takes a lot of skill", "Yes, I love that there is a lot of gear you can use and the surfboard have a lot of cool designs", "I bet. They have developed a lot of new technology to make them lighter and faster. Plus, more security" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Monkeys, particularly macaques and gibbons, have played significant roles in Chinese culture for over two thousand years.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some examples familiar to English speakers include the zodiacal Year of the Monkey, the Monkey King Sun Wukong in the novel \"Journey to the West\", and Monkey Kung Fu.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ The Chinese language has numerous words meaning \"simian; monkey; ape\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some diachronically changed meanings in reference to different simians.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ For instance, Chinese \"xingxing\" 猩猩 originally named \"a mythical creature with a human face and pig body\", and became the modern name for the \"orangutan\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Within the classification of Chinese characters, almost all \"monkey; ape\" words – with the exceptions of \"nao\" 夒 and \"yu\" 禺 that were originally monkey pictographs – are written with radical-phonetic compound characters.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like __knowledge__ \"This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like\" is the debut single of American industrial singer-songwriter Porcelain Black, featuring American rapper Lil Wayne.", "This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like __knowledge__ This song serves as the lead single from the singer's debut studio album, \"Mannequin Factory\".", "This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like __knowledge__ Produced by Moroccan-Swedish producer RedOne, who had originally discovered Black, \"This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like\" is influenced by the genre of rock, lyrically stating how the listener should be proud of who they are.", "This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like __knowledge__ The song was released digitally in the United States on March 29, 2011, and managed to chart at number forty-four on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Songs.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Playboating __knowledge__ Playboating is a discipline of whitewater kayaking or canoeing where the paddler performs various technical moves in one place (a playspot), as opposed to downriver whitewater canoeing or kayaking where the objective is to travel the length of a section of river (although whitewater paddlers will often stop and play en route).", "Playboating __knowledge__ Specialised canoes or kayaks (boats) known as playboats are often used, but any boat can be used for playing.", "Playboating __knowledge__ The moves and tricks are often similar to those performed by snowboarders, surfers or skaters, where the athlete completes spins, flips, turns, etc.", "Playboating __knowledge__ With modern playboats it is possible to get the kayak and the paddler completely airborne while performing tricks.", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ Turkey offers warm and crystal clear waves of Mediterranean on the south as well as wind swells of Black Sea on the north.", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ The wave period is shorter than the ocean waves but can reach up to periods of 11-12 second swells although the average swell period is 6–7 seconds.", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ Southern Turkey, the Mediterranean side, is a better surf destination for winter months with its warm blue waters, versatile waves, historical seaside towns and traditional Turkish cuisine with inexpensive accommodation.", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ Winter season is the high season for waves and low season for tourist activity lowering the accommodation prices.", "Huntington Beach, California __knowledge__ Huntington Beach is a seaside city in Orange County in Southern California.", "Huntington Beach, California __knowledge__ The city is named after American businessman Henry E. Huntington.", "Huntington Beach, California __knowledge__ The population was 189,992 during the 2010 census, making it the most populous beach city in Orange County and the seventh most populous city in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Huntington Beach, California __knowledge__ Its estimated 2014 population was 200,809.", "Huntington Beach, California __knowledge__ It is bordered by Bolsa Chica Basin State Marine Conservation Area on the west, the Pacific Ocean on the southwest, by Seal Beach on the northwest, by Westminster on the north, by Fountain Valley on the northeast, by Costa Mesa on the east, and by Newport Beach on the southeast.", "Sidi Kaouki __knowledge__ Sidi Kaouki is a small town located 25 km south of Essaouira.", "Sidi Kaouki __knowledge__ It is a rural commune in Essaouira Province of the Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz region of Morocco.", "Sidi Kaouki __knowledge__ At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 4335 people living in 902 households.", "Sidi Kaouki __knowledge__ Sidi Kaouki is fast becoming one of the most popular surf and wind surfing destinations in Morocco.", "Sidi Kaouki __knowledge__ There a number of surf sports including beach breaks and reef breaks that produce punchy peaks and nice shaped waves.", "Sidi Kaouki __knowledge__ It is also a great spot for kite surfing as the wind is stronger than some other nearby spots including Essaouira.", "Sidi Kaouki __knowledge__ Sidi Kaouki is an exposed beach break which has quite reliable surf and work anytime of the year.", "Sea __knowledge__ A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.", "Sea __knowledge__ More broadly, \"the sea\" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.", "Sea __knowledge__ Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British \"Challenger\" expedition of the 1870s.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as \"seas\".", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Mavericks is a surfing location in northern California about from shore outside Pillar Point Harbor, just north of the town of Half Moon Bay at the village of Princeton-by-the-Sea.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ After a strong winter storm in the northern Pacific Ocean, waves can routinely crest at over and top out at over .", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Routinely, waves that break can be recorded on seismometers.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ The break is caused by an unusually shaped underwater rock formation.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Mavericks is a winter destination for some of the world's best big wave surfers.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Very few riders become big wave surfers, and of those, only a select few are willing to risk their lives under the hazardous, sometimes deadly, conditions at Mavericks." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Surfboard fin __knowledge__ A surfboard fin or skeg is a hydrofoil mounted at the tail of a surfboard or similar board to improve directional stability and control through foot-steering.", "Surfboard fin __knowledge__ Fins can provide lateral lift opposed to the water and stabilize the board's trajectory, allowing the surfer to control direction by varying their side-to-side weight distribution.", "Surfboard fin __knowledge__ The introduction of fins in the 1930s revolutionized surfing and board design.", "Surfboard fin __knowledge__ Surfboard fins may be arrayed in different numbers and configurations, and many different shapes, sizes, and materials are and have been made and used.", "Surfboard fin __knowledge__ Historically, surfboards had no fins; some amount of control was achieved through convex hulls and the surfer dragging a foot in the water.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ Thomas Meyerhoffer is a Swedish-American designer, innovator and design entrepreneur.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ He is the founder and principal designer of Studio Meyerhoffer an award-winning design firm.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ He is also regarded as one of the more progressive surfboard shapers in the world and is the founder of his own surf brand.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ Meyerhoffer believes in design which connects with people on a deeper level through form and innovation.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ He is the recipient of multiple international design awards such as D&AD, IDEA, IF and Red Dot Awards.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ In addition, Meyerhoffer has been a participant in major design exhibitions in the Cooper Hewitt , San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and Design Museum London.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ A surfboard shaper is someone who builds and designs surfboards by hand.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ Originally made from wood, most modern surfboards are made from pre-formed polyurethane blanks or styrofoam and then fine shaped by the shaper using an array of tools ranging from surforms, rasps, sanding machines and power planers.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ When the form is sculpted in the foam core, the shaper may complete the build by layering fiberglass sheets over the deck and bottom and laminating these with a thermosetting resin such as polyester.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ Most shapers today design surfboards using computer programs to generate data that can be supplied to a computer cutting facility which will mill the raw foam blank within 90% of the finished shape, leaving the shaper to fine-tune the blank to its final state before glassing.", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ The \"Metal Gear\" franchise features a large number of characters created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa.", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ Its setting features several soldiers with supernatural powers provided by the new advancements of science.", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ The series follows mercenary Solid snak_a given government missions of finding the Metal Gear weapon, resulting in encounters with Gray Fox and Big Boss in Outer Heaven (\"Metal Gear\") and Zanzibar Land (\"\").", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ Later, Solid Snake meets Otacon and opposes Liquid Snake's FOXHOUND in \"Metal Gear Solid\" then assists Raiden in fighting both Solidus Snake and the Patriots in \"\".", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ Additionally, there are several prequel games that follows Big Boss's past and legend development as well as the origins of FOXHOUND, Outer Heaven and the Patriots.", "Drunk in Love __knowledge__ \"Drunk in Love\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé featuring her husband, American rapper Jay Z.", "Drunk in Love __knowledge__ The duo along with production and writing credited by Detail, Andre Eric Proctor, Rasool Diaz, Brian Soko, Timbaland, Jerome Harmon and Boots composed the song for Beyoncé's self-titled fifth studio album (2013).", "Drunk in Love __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Drunk in Love\" as one of the two lead singles from \"Beyoncé\" on December 17, 2013.", "Drunk in Love __knowledge__ The song was dominated by trap beats in chunks and bass.", "Drunk in Love __knowledge__ Its lyrics, which depict female sexuality, are sung by Beyoncé in a sensual and confident way.", "Drunk in Love __knowledge__ Many music critics called the song a follow-up to Beyoncé's and Jay-Z's song \"Crazy in Love\" (2003).", "Coastal management __knowledge__ Coastal management is defence against flooding and erosion, and techniques that stop erosion to claim lands.", "Coastal management __knowledge__ Coastal zones occupy less than 15% of the Earth's land area, while they host more than 40% of the world population.", "Coastal management __knowledge__ Nearly 1.2 billion people live within 100 km of a shoreline and 100 m of sea level, with an average density nearly 3 times higher than the global average for population.", "Coastal management __knowledge__ With three-quarters of the world population expected to reside in the coastal zone by 2025, human activities originating from this small land area will impose heavy pressure on coasts.", "Coastal management __knowledge__ Coastal zones contain rich resources to produce goods and services and are home to most commercial and industrial activities.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ Longboarding is the act of riding on a longboard.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ Longboarding also has competitive races down hill, with some riders reaching speeds exceeding 50 miles per hour.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ A longboard varies in shape and size unlike its set counterpart, the skateboard, and has more stability, traction and durability due to larger wheel size and lower wheel durometers.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ Many, but not all longboards, use trucks (axles) that contain different geometric parameters than a skateboard as well.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ These factors and their variation have given way to a variety of disciplines, functions and purposes for a longboard.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ The angles at which some longboards can turn, as well as their ability to coast long distances make them more suitable for cruising, and commuting, on streets than regular skateboards.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ Windsurfing is a surface water sport that combines elements of surfing and sailing.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ It consists of a board usually 2.5 to 3 meters long, with displacements typically between 60 and 250 litres, powered by wind on a sail.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ The rig is connected to the board by a free-rotating universal joint and consists of a mast, boom and sail.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ The sail area generally ranges from 2.5 m to 12 m depending on the conditions, the skill of the sailor, the type of windsurfing being undertaken and the weight of the person windsurfing.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ Some credit S. Newman Darby with the origination of windsurfing by 1964 on the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania, USA when he invented the \"sailboard\", which, incidentally, he did not patent.", "Bareback riding __knowledge__ Bareback riding is a form of horseback riding without a saddle.", "Bareback riding __knowledge__ It requires skill, balance, and coordination, as the rider does not have any equipment to compensate for errors of balance or skill.", "Bareback riding __knowledge__ Proponents of bareback riding argue that riding in this fashion is natural, allows considerable communication with the horse, and improves a rider's balance.", "Bareback riding __knowledge__ The drawbacks include a higher risk of injury due to an increased risk of falling off the horse, the potential to develop poor riding form, and the possibility of considerable discomfort to both horse and rider due to the absence of a supporting tree and any padding between the rider's seat bones and the horse's spine.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown.", "Superoxide dismutase mimetics __knowledge__ Superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics are synthetic compounds that mimic the native superoxide dismutase enzyme.", "Superoxide dismutase mimetics __knowledge__ SOD mimetics effectively convert the superoxide anion (O), a reactive oxygen species, into hydrogen peroxide, which is further converted into water by catalase.", "Superoxide dismutase mimetics __knowledge__ Reactive oxygen species are natural byproducts of cellular respiration and cause oxidative stress and cell damage, which has been linked to causing cancers, neurodegeneration, age-related declines in health, and inflammatory diseases.", "Superoxide dismutase mimetics __knowledge__ SOD mimetics are a prime interest in therapeutic treatment of oxidative stress because of their smaller size, longer half-life, and similarity in function to the native enzyme." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ The company's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, and the HomePod smart speaker.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple's software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, or Xcode.", "Radar in World War II __knowledge__ Radar in World War II greatly influenced many important aspects of the conflict.", "Radar in World War II __knowledge__ This revolutionary new technology of radio-based detection and tracking was used by both the Allies and Axis powers in World War II, which had evolved independently in a number of nations during the mid 1930s.", "Radar in World War II __knowledge__ At the outbreak of war in September 1939, both Great Britain and Germany had functioning radar systems.", "Radar in World War II __knowledge__ In Great Britain, it was called RDF, Range and Direction Finding, while in Germany the name \"Funkmessgerät\" (radio measuring device) was used.", "Radar in World War II __knowledge__ By the time of the Battle of Britain in mid-1940, the Royal Air Force (RAF) had fully integrated RDF as part of the national air defence.", "Vari-Lite __knowledge__ VARI*LITE is the brand name of one of the first automated, variable-colour stage lighting systems to be created.", "Vari-Lite __knowledge__ Their intelligent lighting fixtures are commonly used in theatre, concerts, television, film and corporate events.", "Vari-Lite __knowledge__ The origins of Vari-Lite date to the late 1960s, when college friends Jack Calmes and Rusty Brutsché played together in a Texas-based blues band.", "Vari-Lite __knowledge__ They built a sound system for their shows which was of such quality, that other acts asked to rent it from them.", "Vari-Lite __knowledge__ In March 1970, Calmes and Brutsché, together with sound engineer Jack Maxson, incorporated Showco, with the intention of hiring sound systems to regional rock concerts.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ The United States (U.S.) subprime mortgage crisis was a nationwide banking emergency, occurring between 2007-2010, which contributed to the U.S. recession of December 2007 – June 2009.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ It was triggered by a large decline in home prices after the collapse of a housing bubble, leading to mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures and the devaluation of housing-related securities.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Declines in residential investment preceded the recession and were followed by reductions in household spending and then business investment.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Spending reductions were more significant in areas with a combination of high household debt and larger housing price declines.", "Oriental rug __knowledge__ An oriental rug is a heavy textile, made for a wide variety of utilitarian and symbolic purpose, produced in “Oriental countries” for home use, local sale, and export.", "Oriental rug __knowledge__ Oriental carpets can be pile woven or flat woven without pile, using various materials such as silk, wool, and cotton.", "Oriental rug __knowledge__ Examples range in size from pillow to large, room-sized carpets, and include carrier bags, floor coverings, decorations for animals, Islamic prayer rugs (\"sajjadah\"), Jewish Torah ark covers (\"parochet\"), and Christian altar covers.", "Oriental rug __knowledge__ Since the High Middle Ages, oriental rugs have been an integral part of their cultures of origin, as well as of the European and, later on, the North American culture.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Joe Notter __knowledge__ Joseph A. Notter (June 21, 1890 - April 10, 1973) was an American Hall of Fame jockey and winner of two of the American Classic Races.", "Joe Notter __knowledge__ A native of Brooklyn, New York, Joe Notter rode prominently in the first decades of the 20th century.", "Joe Notter __knowledge__ Statistics from his racing career as a jockey are limited but it is known that he was working as a stable boy at age ten and was riding and winning at age thirteen.", "Joe Notter __knowledge__ He developed a reputation as a good handler of young horses and rode winners in several important stakes races for two-year-old horses including three wins in the important Hopeful Stakes.", "Joe Notter __knowledge__ During his career, Joe Notter rode U.S.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ Ceramics in Mexico date back thousands of years before the Pre-Columbian period, when ceramic arts and pottery crafts developed with the first advanced civilizations and cultures of Mesoamerica.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ With one exception, pre-Hispanic wares were not glazed, but rather burnished and painted with colored fine clay slips.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ The potter's wheel was unknown as well; pieces were shaped by molding, coiling and other methods.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ After the Spanish Invasion and Conquest, European techniques and designs were introduced, nearly wiping out the native traditions.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ Indigenous traditions survive in a few pottery items such as comals, and the addition of indigenous design elements into mostly European motifs.", "2007 Hawaii Warriors football team __knowledge__ The 2007 Hawaii Warriors football team represented the University of Hawaii at Manoa in the 2007 NCAA Division I-Bowl Subdivision college football season.", "2007 Hawaii Warriors football team __knowledge__ The 2007 Warriors, led by record-setting senior quarterback Colt Brennan, carried a school-record 13-game winning streak, dating back to the end of the 2006 season, into the 2008 Sugar Bowl.", "2007 Hawaii Warriors football team __knowledge__ The 2007 season marked the first undefeated regular season in school history, ending in defeat in the Sugar Bowl.", "2007 Hawaii Warriors football team __knowledge__ The Warriors claimed their third-ever WAC championship in 2007 with a victory over defending conference champion Boise State.", "2007 Hawaii Warriors football team __knowledge__ The championship was the school's first ever outright conference championship in football.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ Honolulu (; ) is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Hawaii.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ It is an unincorporated part of and the county seat of the City and County of Honolulu on the island of O'ahu.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ The city is the main gateway to Hawai'i and a major portal into the United States.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ The city is also a major hub for international business, military defense, as well as famously being host to a diverse variety of east-west and Pacific culture, cuisine, and traditions.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ Honolulu is the most remote city of its size in the world and is the westernmost major U.S. city.", "Honolulu __knowledge__ For statistical purposes, the U.S. Census Bureau recognizes the approximate area commonly referred to as \"City of Honolulu\" (not to be confused with the \"City and County\") as a census county division (CCD).", "Airship __knowledge__ An airship or dirigible balloon is a type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power.", "Airship __knowledge__ Aerostats gain their lift from large gas bags filled with a lifting gas that is less dense than the surrounding air.", "Airship __knowledge__ In early dirigibles, the lifting gas used was hydrogen gas, due to its high lifting capacity and ready availability.", "Airship __knowledge__ Helium gas has almost the same lifting capacity and is not flammable, unlike hydrogen, but is rare and relatively expensive.", "Airship __knowledge__ Significant amounts were first discovered in the United States and for a while helium was only used for airships by the United States." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 11, 46 ]

[ "I love surfing! It's tough to find waves suitable for surfing around me, which are usually found in the ocean, but they can also be found in lakes or rivers.", "Yeah, it definitely requires skill and balance! You have to ride on the face of the wave which then carries you towards the shoreline. ", "They do come in nice designs! Actually, back in ancient hawai, they were usually made of wood and were extremely heavy.", "You got it. There have been huge advances over the years to improve stability, and improvements on the materials used and shape." ]

[ "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing" ]

[ "Mountaineering\nI'm a huge fan of mountaineering, how about you? Have you ever tried it?", "Same here pretty much, I love the hiking aspect, too. Have you climbed anything notable?", "They're the best hiking companions. I have an American Bulldog. I", "I think the most challenging hike for me was Cnicht in Wales when I was younger.", "It's always nice to have a challenge though, isn't it? I went gauge walking at the same time. Now that was pretty scary." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ The term mountaineering describes the sport of mountain climbing.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While some scholars identify mountaineering-related activities as climbing (rock and ice) and trekking up mountains, others are also adding backpacking, hiking, skiing, via ferrata and wilderness activities, and still others state that mountaineering activities also include indoor climbing, sport climbing and bouldering.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ However most of the scholars, the term mountaineering understand as a climbing (which now refers to adventure climbing or sports climbing) and trekking (hill walking in 'exotic' places).", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Hiking in the mountains can also be a simple form of mountaineering when it involves scrambling, or short stretches of the more basic grades of rock climbing, as well as crossing glaciers.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While mountaineering began as attempts to reach the highest point of unclimbed big mountains it has branched into specializations that address different aspects of the mountain and consists of three (3) areas: rock-craft, snow-craft, and skiing, depending on whether the route chosen is over rock, snow or ice.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ All require experience, athletic ability, and technical knowledge to maintain safety.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Mountaineering is often called Alpinism, especially in European languages, which implies climbing routes with minimal equipment in high and often snow and ice-covered mountains such as the Alps, where technical difficulties frequently exceed environmental and physical challenges.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across its summit point.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The current official height of , recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m. There followed an argument between China and Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m., China) or the snow height (8,848 m., Nepal).", "Joe Perry (musician) __knowledge__ Anthony Joseph Pereira (born September 10, 1950), better known by his stage name Joe Perry, is the lead guitarist, backing and occasional lead vocalist, and contributing songwriter for the American rock band Aerosmith.", "Joe Perry (musician) __knowledge__ He was ranked 84th in \"Rolling Stone\"'s list of \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".", "Joe Perry (musician) __knowledge__ In 2001, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of Aerosmith, and in 2013, Perry and his songwriting partner Steven Tyler were recipients of the ASCAP Founders Award and were also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.", "Joe Perry (musician) __knowledge__ In October 2014, Simon & Schuster released \"Rocks: My Life In and Out of Aerosmith\", written by Joe Perry with David Ritz.", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ Henry \"Hank\" Rutherford Hill is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the Fox animated television series \"King of the Hill\".", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ He lives in the fictional town of Arlen, Texas with his family and works as the assistant manager of a local branch of Strickland Propane.", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ He likes to drink beer in the alley behind his house with his friends.", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ He is voiced by series creator Mike Judge.", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ \"The Economist\" described Hank Hill as one of the wisest people on television, and in 1997 \"Texas Monthly\" included him on its annual list of the most influential Texans.", "Hank Hill __knowledge__ When Mike Judge submitted the pilot script and drawings for \"King of the Hill\" to the Fox network, network executives advised him that Hank Hill should be younger than 49 years old, as Judge had described the character.", "Fanny Bullock Workman __knowledge__ Fanny Bullock Workman (; January 8, 1859 – January 22, 1925) was an American geographer, cartographer, explorer, travel writer, and mountaineer, notably in the Himalayas.", "Fanny Bullock Workman __knowledge__ She was one of the first female professional mountaineers; she not only explored but also wrote about her adventures.", "Fanny Bullock Workman __knowledge__ She set several women's altitude records, published eight travel books with her husband, and championed women's rights and women's suffrage.", "Fanny Bullock Workman __knowledge__ Born to a wealthy family, Workman was educated in the finest schools available to women and traveled in Europe.", "Fanny Bullock Workman __knowledge__ Her marriage to William Hunter Workman cemented these advantages, and, after being introduced to climbing in New Hampshire, Fanny Workman traveled the world with him.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ \"\"Harry Potter\" fandom\" refers to the community of fans of the \"Harry Potter\" books and movies who participate in entertainment activities that revolve around the series, such as reading and writing fan fiction, creating and soliciting fan art, engaging in role-playing games, socializing on \"Harry Potter\"-based forums, and more.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ The fandom interacts online as well as offline through activities such as fan conventions, tours of iconic landmarks relevant to the books and production of the films, and parties held for the midnight release of each book and film.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ By the fourth \"Harry Potter\" book, the legions of fans had grown so large that considerable security measures were taken to ensure that no book was purchased before the official release date.", "Alpine Club of Canada __knowledge__ The Alpine Club of Canada (ACC) is an amateur athletic association with its national office in Canmore, Alberta that has been a focal point for Canadian mountaineering since its founding in 1906.", "Alpine Club of Canada __knowledge__ The club was co-founded by Arthur Oliver Wheeler, who served as its first president, and Elizabeth Parker, a journalist for the \"Manitoba Free Press\".", "Alpine Club of Canada __knowledge__ Byron Harmon, whose 6500+ photographs of the Canadian Rockies in the early 20th century provide the best glimpse of the area at that time, was official photographer to the club at its founding.", "Alpine Club of Canada __knowledge__ The club is the leading organization in Canada devoted to climbing, mountain culture, and issues related to alpine pursuits and ecology." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ The term mountaineering describes the sport of mountain climbing.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While some scholars identify mountaineering-related activities as climbing (rock and ice) and trekking up mountains, others are also adding backpacking, hiking, skiing, via ferrata and wilderness activities, and still others state that mountaineering activities also include indoor climbing, sport climbing and bouldering.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ However most of the scholars, the term mountaineering understand as a climbing (which now refers to adventure climbing or sports climbing) and trekking (hill walking in 'exotic' places).", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Hiking in the mountains can also be a simple form of mountaineering when it involves scrambling, or short stretches of the more basic grades of rock climbing, as well as crossing glaciers.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While mountaineering began as attempts to reach the highest point of unclimbed big mountains it has branched into specializations that address different aspects of the mountain and consists of three (3) areas: rock-craft, snow-craft, and skiing, depending on whether the route chosen is over rock, snow or ice.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ All require experience, athletic ability, and technical knowledge to maintain safety.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Mountaineering is often called Alpinism, especially in European languages, which implies climbing routes with minimal equipment in high and often snow and ice-covered mountains such as the Alps, where technical difficulties frequently exceed environmental and physical challenges.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ \"Pretty Much Dead Already\" is the seventh episode and mid-season finale of the second season, and 13th episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series \"The Walking Dead\".", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ It originally aired on AMC in the United States on November 27, 2011.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ In the episode, Glenn (Steven Yeun) reveals to the group that there are walkers in the Greenes' barn, dividing the group on what to do.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson) sets a deadline for the group to leave, unless Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) does a difficult task.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) slowly loses his sanity after many secrets around him are revealed and Carol Peletier begins to question whether her daughter, Sophia will be found.", "Snow King Mountain __knowledge__ Snow King Mountain Resort is a ski area and summertime activity center in the western United States, located in Jackson, Wyoming.", "Snow King Mountain __knowledge__ Also called The King, it is Jackson's original ski hill, founded in 1939 and located on the southeast edge of the city.", "Snow King Mountain __knowledge__ It was the first ski area in the state of Wyoming, and locals sometimes refer to Snow King as The Town Hill.", "Snow King Mountain __knowledge__ It offers three-hour passes and night skiing on its north-facing slopes.", "Snow King Mountain __knowledge__ Snow King's lift tickets are considerably less expensive than the two nearby resorts, Jackson Hole and Grand Targhee, which opened in 1965 and 1969, respectively.", "Snow King Mountain __knowledge__ Snow King offers a full-day lift ticket for $47; Jackson Hole's full day ticket is $121.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon Anne Mitchell (also Watts and Rickman) is a fictional character from the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Letitia Dean.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon is one of \"EastEnders\" original characters, appearing in the first episode broadcast on 19 February 1985.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ The character was conceptualised by Tony Holland and Julia Smith, the creators of \"EastEnders\".", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon was a teenager when the programme began: the adoptive daughter of Den and Angie Watts.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon remained a prominent character into the 1990s due to romantic pairings with brothers Grant (Ross Kemp) and Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden).", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ In a long-running storyline dubbed \"Sharongate\", Sharon, married to Grant, has an affair with Phil.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ Radiosurgery is the seventh studio album by American rock band New Found Glory.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ It was first released on September 30, 2011 in Australia, before its wider release on October 4 through independent label Epitaph Records.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ It is the band's final studio album to feature founding guitarist Steve Klein.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ To follow up predecessor \"Not Without a Fight\" (2009), the band began writing new material during their stint on the 2010 Honda Civic Tour.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ After self-producing a set of demos and contacting long-term record producer Neal Avron, the band went on to record the album in Avron's home recording studio over a period of three months in 2011.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across its summit point.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The current official height of , recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m. There followed an argument between China and Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m., China) or the snow height (8,848 m., Nepal).", "David Sharp (mountaineer) __knowledge__ David Sharp (15 February 1972 – 15 May 2006) was an English mountaineer who died near the summit of Mount Everest.", "David Sharp (mountaineer) __knowledge__ His death caused controversy and debate, because he was passed by a number of other climbers heading to and returning from the summit as he was dying, although a number of others did try to help him.", "David Sharp (mountaineer) __knowledge__ Sharp had previously summitted Cho Oyu and was noted as being a talented rock climber, who seemed to acclimatize well, and was known for being in good humor around mountaineering camps.", "David Sharp (mountaineer) __knowledge__ He had appeared briefly in season one of the television show \"\", which was filmed the same season as his ill-fated expedition to Everest.", "Rock climbing __knowledge__ Rock climbing is an activity in which participants climb up, down or across natural rock formations or artificial rock walls.", "Rock climbing __knowledge__ The goal is to reach the summit of a formation or the endpoint of a usually pre-defined route without falling.", "Rock climbing __knowledge__ Due to the length and extended endurance required and because accidents are more likely to happen on the descent than the ascent, rock climbers do not usually climb back down the route.", "Rock climbing __knowledge__ It is very rare for a climber to downclimb, especially on the larger multiple pitches (class III- IV and /or multi-day grades IV-VI climbs).", "Rock climbing __knowledge__ Professional rock climbing competitions have the objectives of either completing the route in the quickest possible time or attaining the farthest point on an increasingly difficult route.", "Mount Hood climbing accidents __knowledge__ Mount Hood climbing accidents are mountain climbing- or hiking-related incidents on Oregon's Mount Hood.", "Mount Hood climbing accidents __knowledge__ As of 2007, about 10,000 people attempt to climb Mount Hood each year.", "Mount Hood climbing accidents __knowledge__ As of May 2002, more than 130 people have died climbing Mount Hood since records have been kept.", "Mount Hood climbing accidents __knowledge__ One of the worst climbing accidents occurred in 1986, when seven teenagers and two school teachers froze to death while attempting to retreat from a storm.", "Mount Hood climbing accidents __knowledge__ Despite a quadrupling of forest visitors since 1990, the number of people requiring rescue remains steady at around 25 to 50 per year, largely because of the increased use of cell phones and GPS devices.", "George Mallory __knowledge__ George Herbert Leigh Mallory (18 June 1886 – 8 or 9 June 1924) was an English mountaineer who took part in the first three British expeditions to Mount Everest, in the early 1920s.", "George Mallory __knowledge__ During the 1924 British Mount Everest expedition, Mallory and his climbing partner, Andrew \"Sandy\" Irvine, disappeared on the North-East ridge during their attempt to make the first ascent of the world's highest mountain.", "George Mallory __knowledge__ The pair were last seen when they were about 800 vertical feet (245 m) from the summit.", "George Mallory __knowledge__ Mallory's ultimate fate was unknown for 75 years, until his body was discovered on 1 May 1999 by an expedition that had set out to search for the climbers' remains.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ Carolynn Marie \"Lynn\" Hill (born January 3, 1961) is a U.S. rock climber.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ Widely regarded as one of the leading competitive sport climbers in the world during the late 1980s and early 1990s, she is famous for making the first free ascent of the difficult sheer rock face of \"The Nose\" on El Capitan in Yosemite Valley, and for repeating it the next year in less than 24 hours.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ She has been described as both one of the best female climbers in the world and one of the best climbers of all time.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ One of the first successful women in the sport, Hill shaped rock climbing for women and became a public spokesperson, helping it gain wider popularity and arguing for sex equality." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ The term mountaineering describes the sport of mountain climbing.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While some scholars identify mountaineering-related activities as climbing (rock and ice) and trekking up mountains, others are also adding backpacking, hiking, skiing, via ferrata and wilderness activities, and still others state that mountaineering activities also include indoor climbing, sport climbing and bouldering.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ However most of the scholars, the term mountaineering understand as a climbing (which now refers to adventure climbing or sports climbing) and trekking (hill walking in 'exotic' places).", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Hiking in the mountains can also be a simple form of mountaineering when it involves scrambling, or short stretches of the more basic grades of rock climbing, as well as crossing glaciers.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While mountaineering began as attempts to reach the highest point of unclimbed big mountains it has branched into specializations that address different aspects of the mountain and consists of three (3) areas: rock-craft, snow-craft, and skiing, depending on whether the route chosen is over rock, snow or ice.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ All require experience, athletic ability, and technical knowledge to maintain safety.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Mountaineering is often called Alpinism, especially in European languages, which implies climbing routes with minimal equipment in high and often snow and ice-covered mountains such as the Alps, where technical difficulties frequently exceed environmental and physical challenges.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ Bulldog breeds is a collective name for various breeds of dog of a particular type, also known as bull breeds.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ The blood sport of dog-baiting animals has occurred since antiquity, most famously in the Roman Colosseum, a direct precursor to the modern Spanish sport of bullfighting.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ In the post-Roman era, baiting, per se, was most closely associated with the English, who pursued it with utmost earnestness.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ The pastime flourished, reaching the peak of its popularity during the sixteenth century.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ The Bullenbeisser is an extinct dog that originated in .", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ It is also known as the German Bulldog.", "Bulldog breeds __knowledge__ The first historical traces of bull-baiting occur in the time of the regency of King John.", "American Bulldog __knowledge__ The American Bulldog is a breed of utility dog.", "American Bulldog __knowledge__ There are two specific types of American Bulldog, Standard and Classic; additionally, there are also mixes of the two types.", "American Bulldog __knowledge__ The American bulldog is a stocky, well built, strong-looking dog, with a large head and a muscular build.", "American Bulldog __knowledge__ Its coat is short and generally smooth.", "American Bulldog __knowledge__ The breed is a light to moderate shedder.", "American Bulldog __knowledge__ Colors, while historically predominantly white with patches of red, black, or brindle, have grown in recent years to include many color patterns including black, red, brown, fawn, and all shades of brindle.", "American Bulldog __knowledge__ The color conformation is quite varied, but solid black or any degree of merle is considered a cosmetic fault, and a blue color is a disqualification by the NKC Breed Standard.", "Catahoula bulldog __knowledge__ The Catahoula bulldog is a crossbreed dog created by crossing the Catahoula Cur and the American Bulldog.", "Catahoula bulldog __knowledge__ Currently, they are not considered a breed by any major fancier and breeder organization.", "Catahoula bulldog __knowledge__ The Catahoula bulldog is a medium to large sized dog weighing in at 34-45.3 kg (60-100 lb).", "Catahoula bulldog __knowledge__ The height is 55–66 cm (20-26 inches) at the shoulders.", "Catahoula bulldog __knowledge__ The dog has the American Bulldog's muscular build with tight skin and a very short, smooth coat.", "Catahoula bulldog __knowledge__ Normally it does not have an undercoat but in seasonal or colder climates one may develop.", "Catahoula bulldog __knowledge__ Catahoula bulldogs come in a wide variety of colors—white, black and white, black, sable brown, brown and white and sometimes even black and brown, with or without merle.", "Leavitt Bulldog __knowledge__ The Leavitt Bulldog is a late 20th-century re-creation of the now extinct Old English Bulldog, the original bulldog breed which existed around the 19th century Regency era, about 1820.", "Leavitt Bulldog __knowledge__ In contrast to English bulldogs of modern times, depictions of the breed from nearly two centuries earlier showed healthier, more agile dogs, with working ability.", "Leavitt Bulldog __knowledge__ Unlike the 19th century breed however, the Leavitt Bulldog has a placid temperament.", "Leavitt Bulldog __knowledge__ It is one of several breeds developed in order to overcome the genetic problems in the English Bulldog breed.", "Leavitt Bulldog __knowledge__ The Leavitt Bulldog was developed by breeder David Leavitt which he originally named the Olde English Bulldogge.", "Paul L. Williams (general) __knowledge__ Paul Langdon Williams (16 April 1894 – 3 March 1968) was a United States Army Air Forces and United States Air Force general.", "Paul L. Williams (general) __knowledge__ As head of the IX Troop Carrier Command during World War II, he was responsible for the airlift of the airborne landings in North Africa, Sicily, Italy, Normandy, southern France, the Netherlands and Germany.", "Paul L. Williams (general) __knowledge__ Paul Langdon Williams was born in Detroit, Michigan on 16 April 1894 but his family moved to Los Angeles when he was still a boy.", "Paul L. Williams (general) __knowledge__ He graduated Stanford University in 1917 with a Bachelor of Arts degree.", "Paul L. Williams (general) __knowledge__ Williams was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Infantry Reserve on 28 April 1917.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Pit bull is the common name for a type of dog.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Formal breeds often considered in North America to be of the pit bull type include the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The American Bulldog is also sometimes included.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Many of these breeds were originally developed as fighting dogs from cross breeding bull-baiting dogs (used to hold the faces and heads of larger animals such as bulls) and terriers.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ After the use of dogs in blood sports was banned, such dogs were used as catch dogs in the United States for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt and drive livestock, and as family companions.", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ The Old English Bulldog is an extinct breed of dog.", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ The Old English Bulldog was compact, broad and muscular, as reflected in the well-known depiction \"Crib and Rosa\".", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ The average height was approximately , and they weighed about .", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ A particular characteristic of the breed was the lower jaw that projected considerably in front of the upper jaw, which made possible a strong, vise-like grip.", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ The English blood sport of bull-baiting allowed for a specialized breed in the form of the Old English Bulldog.", "Old English Bulldog __knowledge__ The main locations in London for these exhibitions were Westminster Pit, Beargarden and Old Conduit Fields.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail (commonly abbreviated as the PCT, and officially designated as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail) is a long-distance hiking and equestrian trail closely aligned with the highest portion of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges, which lie east of the U.S. Pacific coast.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The trail's southern terminus is on the U.S. border with Mexico, just south of Campo, California, and its northern terminus on the Canada–US border on the edge of Manning Park in British Columbia; its corridor through the U.S. is in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail is long and ranges in elevation from just above sea level at the Oregon–Washington border to at Forester Pass in the Sierra Nevada.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking, or through-hiking, is hiking a long-distance trail end-to-end within one hiking season.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ In United States, the term is most commonly associated with the Appalachian Trail (AT), the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), and the Continental Divide Trail (CDT), but also refers to other end-to-end hikes.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Other examples include the Te Araroa Trail in New Zealand, the Camino de Santiago in Spain, the Via Francigena in France and Italy, the Lycian Way in Turkey, the Israel National Trail, and the Great Divide Trail (GDT) in Canada.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking is also called \"end-to-end hiking\" or \"end-to-ending\" on some trails, like Vermont's Long Trail or New York's Long Path and Northville–Placid Trail.", "Long Path __knowledge__ The Long Path is a long-distance hiking trail beginning at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey and ending at Altamont, New York, in the Albany area.", "Long Path __knowledge__ While not yet a continuous trail, relying on road walks in some areas, it nevertheless takes in many of the popular hiking attractions west of the Hudson River, such as the New Jersey Palisades, Harriman State Park, the Shawangunk Ridge and the Catskill Mountains.", "Long Path __knowledge__ It offers hikers a diversity of environments to pass through, from suburbia and sea-level salt marshes along the Hudson to wilderness and boreal forest on Catskill summits in elevation.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle is a hiker, and supporter of the Appalachian Trail.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He holds the informal record for the hiking the entire Appalachian Trail (seventeen times; 9 thru-hikes and 8 section hikes).", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ From 1974 to 2017, as a labor of love, he organized and led 10 groups up the Appalachian Trail with a superlative completion rate.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He is the founder of two organizations dedicated to the trail: the Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association, and the Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He remains the Director of Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle (born 1950) became interested in hiking while attending Southern Connecticut State University.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is a geological feature, located on Catawba mountain in Catawba, Virginia, United States.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ It is named for a Scotch-Irish 18th-century settler.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ Considered to be the most scenic point along the Appalachian Trail, the vista offers panoramic views of the Catawba Valley, 3400 feet below.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is located on the Appalachian Trail, a four-mile hike northbound from the intersection with VA-311 in Catawba, Virginia or a 16 mile hike southbound from US-220 in Troutville, Virginia.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail is a 2,175-mile hiking trail following the Appalachian Mountains between Georgia and Maine, and is a unit of the National Park Service." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ The term mountaineering describes the sport of mountain climbing.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While some scholars identify mountaineering-related activities as climbing (rock and ice) and trekking up mountains, others are also adding backpacking, hiking, skiing, via ferrata and wilderness activities, and still others state that mountaineering activities also include indoor climbing, sport climbing and bouldering.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ However most of the scholars, the term mountaineering understand as a climbing (which now refers to adventure climbing or sports climbing) and trekking (hill walking in 'exotic' places).", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Hiking in the mountains can also be a simple form of mountaineering when it involves scrambling, or short stretches of the more basic grades of rock climbing, as well as crossing glaciers.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While mountaineering began as attempts to reach the highest point of unclimbed big mountains it has branched into specializations that address different aspects of the mountain and consists of three (3) areas: rock-craft, snow-craft, and skiing, depending on whether the route chosen is over rock, snow or ice.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ All require experience, athletic ability, and technical knowledge to maintain safety.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Mountaineering is often called Alpinism, especially in European languages, which implies climbing routes with minimal equipment in high and often snow and ice-covered mountains such as the Alps, where technical difficulties frequently exceed environmental and physical challenges.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ Started in 1994, the East Coast Trail is a long-distance footpath located in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ It is over of developed trail that is made up of 26 wilderness paths and intersect more than 30 communities.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ It was named one of the best adventure destinations by National Geographic in 2012 and grows and improves every year.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ Maintained by the East Coast Trail Association and located primarily on public lands, the trail traces the east coast of Newfoundland along the Atlantic Ocean.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ The trail passes through many small coastal towns nested in the bays of the Avalon Peninsula.", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ Lynn Headwaters Regional Park is an area of North Vancouver, British Columbia, and is the largest of twenty-two regional parks in Metro Vancouver.", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ At , the park boasts a variety of trails for hikers, including easy, intermediate, and challenging.", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ The trails are colour-coded and range from to .", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ No bikes are allowed on the trails, however, select trails allow dogs.", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ Lynn Headwaters is also home to the BC Mills House, which is a small building near the entrance of the park.", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ The BC Mills House offers information and visual depictions of the natural history and industrial history of the area, including kinds of animals that inhabit the forest and locations of previous mines and logging camps.", "The Wave, Arizona __knowledge__ The Wave is a sandstone rock formation located in Arizona, United States near its northern border with Utah.", "The Wave, Arizona __knowledge__ The formation is situated on the slopes of the Coyote Buttes in the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness of the Colorado Plateau.", "The Wave, Arizona __knowledge__ The area is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) at the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument visitor center in Kanab, Utah.", "The Wave, Arizona __knowledge__ The formation is wellknown among hikers and photographers for its colorful, undulating forms and the difficult hike required to reach it.", "The Wave, Arizona __knowledge__ Due to the fragile nature of the formation and the large number of people wishing to visit it, a daily lottery system is used to dispense only ten nextday permits in person at the Kanab visitor center.", "Cnicht North Top __knowledge__ Cnicht North Top is a top of Cnicht in Snowdonia which forms part of the Moelwynion mountain range.", "Cnicht North Top __knowledge__ It is one of the Nuttalls, a list of 443 hills in England and Wales over 2,000 ft (610 m) with a relative height of at least 49 ft (15 m).", "Cnicht North Top __knowledge__ The list was compiled by John and Anne Nuttall and published in 1993 as two volumes, \"The Mountains of England & Wales\".", "Cnicht North Top __knowledge__ North Top is a bump on the north ridge; it is often bypassed by walkers heading for Ysgafell Wen, Moel Druman and Allt-fawr.", "Cnicht __knowledge__ Cnicht is a mountain in Snowdonia which forms part of the Moelwynion mountain range.", "Cnicht __knowledge__ Its appearance when viewed from the south-west, i.e.", "Cnicht __knowledge__ from the direction of Porthmadog, has earned it the sobriquet the \"Matterhorn of Wales\", albeit being 3,789 metres lower.", "Cnicht __knowledge__ In reality Cnicht is a long ridge and, at 689 m, is the fifth-highest peak in the Moelwynion mountain range.", "Cnicht __knowledge__ It can be easily ascended from Croesor, the village at its foot, or, with more difficulty, from Nant Gwynant to the north-west.", "Cnicht __knowledge__ Although rightly regarded by most people as a mountain in its own right, there are compilers of lists who consider that it does not in fact have enough prominence to separate it from its parent Allt-fawr in spite of over 110m of re-ascent and a distance of more than 4 km.", "Crater Lake National Park __knowledge__ Crater Lake National Park is a United States National Park located in southern Oregon.", "Crater Lake National Park __knowledge__ Established in 1902, Crater Lake National Park is the fifth-oldest national park in the U.S. and the only national park in Oregon.", "Crater Lake National Park __knowledge__ The park encompasses the caldera of Crater Lake, a remnant of a destroyed volcano, Mount Mazama, and the surrounding hills and forests.", "Crater Lake National Park __knowledge__ The lake is deep at its deepest point, which makes it the deepest lake in the United States, the second-deepest in North America and the ninth-deepest in the world.", "Crater Lake National Park __knowledge__ Crater Lake is often referred to as the seventh-deepest lake in the world, but this former listing excludes the approximately depth of subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica, which resides under nearly of ice, and the recent report of a maximum depth for Lake O'Higgins/San Martin, located on the border of Chile and Argentina.", "Thalaiyar Falls __knowledge__ Thalaiyar Falls, also known as Rat Tail Falls is located in the Batlagundu of Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu State, South India.", "Thalaiyar Falls __knowledge__ It is tall and is the highest waterfall in Tamil Nadu, the sixth highest waterfall in India and the 267th highest in the world.", "Thalaiyar Falls __knowledge__ On a clear day Rat Tail Falls is visible from the Dum Dum Rock viewpoint on the Batalugundu-Kodaikanal Ghat Road, away to the west.", "Thalaiyar Falls __knowledge__ It appears across the valley as a long thin white strip of cascading water on a background of black rock cliff face that juts out of the foothills.", "Thalaiyar Falls __knowledge__ The very edge at the top of the Falls has a low concrete wall on either side concentrating the flow of water to focus the falls into a better rat tail shape.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle is a hiker, and supporter of the Appalachian Trail.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He holds the informal record for the hiking the entire Appalachian Trail (seventeen times; 9 thru-hikes and 8 section hikes).", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ From 1974 to 2017, as a labor of love, he organized and led 10 groups up the Appalachian Trail with a superlative completion rate.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He is the founder of two organizations dedicated to the trail: the Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association, and the Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He remains the Director of Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle (born 1950) became interested in hiking while attending Southern Connecticut State University.", "Nestell Kipp Anderson __knowledge__ Nestell Kipp \"Ned\" Anderson (1885–1967) was an American farmer who spearheaded Connecticut's leg of the Appalachian Trail, which currently runs for 50 miles through the northwest corner of the state.", "Nestell Kipp Anderson __knowledge__ In addition to creating and maintaining other area trails for the Connecticut Forest & Park's (CFPA) Blue-Blazed Trail System, he also organized Sherman, Connecticut's first Boy Scout troop in 1931, as well as the Housatonic Trail Club in 1932, for amateur and avid hikers.", "Nestell Kipp Anderson __knowledge__ While hiking in 1929, Ned Anderson met Judge Arthur Perkins, a member of CFPA's Connecticut's Blue Blazed Trails Committee, who introduced Anderson to Myron Avery.", "Long Path __knowledge__ The Long Path is a long-distance hiking trail beginning at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey and ending at Altamont, New York, in the Albany area.", "Long Path __knowledge__ While not yet a continuous trail, relying on road walks in some areas, it nevertheless takes in many of the popular hiking attractions west of the Hudson River, such as the New Jersey Palisades, Harriman State Park, the Shawangunk Ridge and the Catskill Mountains.", "Long Path __knowledge__ It offers hikers a diversity of environments to pass through, from suburbia and sea-level salt marshes along the Hudson to wilderness and boreal forest on Catskill summits in elevation.", "Trail __knowledge__ A trail is usually a path, track or unpaved lane or road.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland path or footpath is the preferred term for a walking trail.", "Trail __knowledge__ The term is also applied, in North America, to routes along rivers, and sometimes to highways.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the US, the term was historically used for a route into or through wild territory used by emigrants (e.g.", "Trail __knowledge__ the Oregon Trail).", "Trail __knowledge__ Some trails are single use and can only be used for walking, cycling, horse riding, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing; others, as in the case of a bridleway in the UK, are multi-use, and can be used by walkers, cyclists and equestrians.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ Mount Oglethorpe is a mountain located in Pickens County, Georgia.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ The southernmost peak in the Blue Ridge Mountains, the mountain has an elevation of , making it the highest point in Pickens County.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ Mount Oglethorpe served as the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail from when the trail was completed in 1937 until 1958.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ In 1958, as a result of over development around Mount Oglethorpe, the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail was moved about to the northeast to Springer Mountain.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ Mount Oglethorpe is located in eastern Pickens County, near the border with Dawson County.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ The mountain is located about east of Jasper, west of Dawsonville and about north of Nelson." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ The term mountaineering describes the sport of mountain climbing.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While some scholars identify mountaineering-related activities as climbing (rock and ice) and trekking up mountains, others are also adding backpacking, hiking, skiing, via ferrata and wilderness activities, and still others state that mountaineering activities also include indoor climbing, sport climbing and bouldering.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ However most of the scholars, the term mountaineering understand as a climbing (which now refers to adventure climbing or sports climbing) and trekking (hill walking in 'exotic' places).", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Hiking in the mountains can also be a simple form of mountaineering when it involves scrambling, or short stretches of the more basic grades of rock climbing, as well as crossing glaciers.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While mountaineering began as attempts to reach the highest point of unclimbed big mountains it has branched into specializations that address different aspects of the mountain and consists of three (3) areas: rock-craft, snow-craft, and skiing, depending on whether the route chosen is over rock, snow or ice.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ All require experience, athletic ability, and technical knowledge to maintain safety.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Mountaineering is often called Alpinism, especially in European languages, which implies climbing routes with minimal equipment in high and often snow and ice-covered mountains such as the Alps, where technical difficulties frequently exceed environmental and physical challenges.", "1948 Palestinian exodus from Lydda and Ramle __knowledge__ The 1948 Palestinian exodus from Lydda and Ramle, also known as the Lydda Death March, was the expulsion of 50,000-70,000 Palestinian Arabs when Israeli troops captured the towns in July that year.", "1948 Palestinian exodus from Lydda and Ramle __knowledge__ The military action occurred within the context of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.", "1948 Palestinian exodus from Lydda and Ramle __knowledge__ The two Arab towns, lying outside the area designated for a Jewish state in the UN Partition Plan of 1947, and inside the area set aside for an Arab state in Palestine, subsequently were transformed into predominantly Jewish areas in the new State of Israel, known as Lod and Ramla.", "1948 Palestinian exodus from Lydda and Ramle __knowledge__ The exodus, constituting 'the biggest expulsion of the war', took place at the end of a truce period, when fighting resumed, prompting Israel to try to improve its control over the Jerusalem road and its coastal route which were under pressure from the Jordanian Arab Legion, Egyptian and Palestinian forces.", "Pretty Scary Silver Fairy __knowledge__ Pretty Scary Silver Fairy is the second studio album by Norwegian recording artist Margaret Berger.", "Pretty Scary Silver Fairy __knowledge__ It was released in Norway on 2 October 2006 by RCA Records.", "Pretty Scary Silver Fairy __knowledge__ Its title comes from Berger's wish for the album to be \"sweet but mean at the same time\".", "Pretty Scary Silver Fairy __knowledge__ The lyrics were written by Berger and inspired by her adolescence.", "Pretty Scary Silver Fairy __knowledge__ Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Pretty Scary Silver Fairy\".", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ Radiosurgery is the seventh studio album by American rock band New Found Glory.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ It was first released on September 30, 2011 in Australia, before its wider release on October 4 through independent label Epitaph Records.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ It is the band's final studio album to feature founding guitarist Steve Klein.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ To follow up predecessor \"Not Without a Fight\" (2009), the band began writing new material during their stint on the 2010 Honda Civic Tour.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ After self-producing a set of demos and contacting long-term record producer Neal Avron, the band went on to record the album in Avron's home recording studio over a period of three months in 2011.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ Jennifer's Body is a 2009 supernatural horror black comedy film written by Diablo Cody and directed by Karyn Kusama.", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ The film stars Megan Fox, Amanda Seyfried, Johnny Simmons, and Adam Brody.", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ Fox portrays a demonically possessed high school girl who kills her male classmates, with her best friend striving to stop her.", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ The film premiered at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the United States and Canada on September 18, 2009.", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ The title is a reference to the song of the same name by alternative rock band Hole on their album \"Live Through This\".", "Jennifer's Body __knowledge__ As a tie-in to the film, Boom!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ Scream is a 1996 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ The film stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Matthew Lillard, Rose McGowan, Skeet Ulrich, and Drew Barrymore.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ Released on December 20, 1996, \"Scream\" follows the character of Sidney Prescott (Campbell), a high school student in the fictional town of Woodsboro, California, who becomes the target of a mysterious killer known as Ghostface.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ The film combined black comedy and \"whodunit\" mystery with the violence of the slasher genre to satirize the clichés of the horror film genre popularized in films such as \"Halloween\" and \"Friday the 13th\".", "Maui __knowledge__ The island of Maui (; Hawaiian: ) is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727.2 square miles (1,883 km) and is the 17th-largest island in the United States.", "Maui __knowledge__ Maui is part of the State of Hawaii and is the largest of Maui County's four islands, which include Molokai, Lānai, and unpopulated Kahoolawe.", "Maui __knowledge__ In 2010, Maui had a population of 144,444, third-highest of the Hawaiian Islands, behind that of Oahu and Hawaii Island.", "Maui __knowledge__ Kahului is the largest census-designated place (CDP) on the island with a population of 26,337 and is the commercial and financial hub of the island.", "Maui __knowledge__ Wailuku is the seat of Maui County and is the third-largest CDP .", "History of Maui __knowledge__ This article summarizes the history of the island of Maui.", "History of Maui __knowledge__ Its relatively central location gave it a pivotal role in the history of the Hawaiian Islands.", "History of Maui __knowledge__ According to legends, the hero, Māui, lived at Kauiki, across the bay from Hana.", "History of Maui __knowledge__ He caught the islands of Hawaii on a fishing trip with his magical fishing hook, but failed to pull them all together when his brothers quit paddling the canoe in which they were voyaging, so the islands were left spread apart from each other.", "History of Maui __knowledge__ Māui was later persuaded by his grandmother to slow the sun down, so she could grow more food and dry her tapa cloth.", "History of Maui __knowledge__ Māui agreed to help, so he stood on the summit of Mount Haleakala and lassoed the sun's ray legs and broke them off one by one, threatening to kill him if he didn't slow down.", "Haleakalā __knowledge__ Haleakalā (; Hawaiian: ), or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui.", "Haleakalā __knowledge__ The western 25% of the island is formed by another volcano, Mauna Kahalawai, also referred to as the West Maui Mountains.", "Haleakalā __knowledge__ The tallest peak of Haleakalā (\"house of the sun\"), at , is Puu Ulaula (Red Hill).", "Haleakalā __knowledge__ From the summit one looks down into a massive depression some 11.25 km (7 mi) across, 3.2 km (2 mi) wide, and nearly 800 m (2,600 ft) deep.", "Haleakalā __knowledge__ The surrounding walls are steep and the interior mostly barren-looking with a scattering of volcanic cones.", "Haleakalā __knowledge__ Early Hawaiians applied the name \"Haleakalā\" (\"house of the sun\") to the general mountain.", "Kula, Hawaii __knowledge__ Kula is a district of Maui, Hawaii, that stretches across the \"up-country\", the western-facing slopes of Haleakalā, from Makawao to Ulupalakua.", "Kula, Hawaii __knowledge__ Most of the residential areas lie between about in elevation.", "Kula, Hawaii __knowledge__ The district has traditionally been where full-time residents prefer to live, as distinct from the generally hotter and busier, more tourism-oriented towns near sea level, such as Kihei and Lahaina.", "Kula, Hawaii __knowledge__ The population of the census-designated place (CDP) at the 2010 Census was 6,452.", "Kula, Hawaii __knowledge__ Kula roughly extends from Haleakala Highway (Hawaii Route 37) in the north to Keokea in the south—a distance of about 16 miles around .", "Henry Perrine Baldwin __knowledge__ Henry Perrine Baldwin (August 29, 1842 – July 8, 1911) was a businessman and politician on Maui in the Hawaiian islands.", "Henry Perrine Baldwin __knowledge__ He supervised the construction of the East Maui Irrigation System and co-founded Alexander & Baldwin, one of the \"Big Five\" corporations that dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii.", "Henry Perrine Baldwin __knowledge__ Henry Perrine Baldwin was born on August 29, 1842 in Lahaina, Hawaii.", "Henry Perrine Baldwin __knowledge__ His father was American Christian missionary Dwight Baldwin (1798–1886), and his mother was Charlotte Fowler Baldwin.", "Henry Perrine Baldwin __knowledge__ He was named after Matthew LaRue Perrine (1777-1836), professor at Auburn Theological Seminary, from which his father had graduated shortly before his departure to the Hawaiian Islands.", "Antonio Buonomo __knowledge__ Antonio Buonomo (born in Naples in 1932) is an Italian composer, solo percussionist and music educator.", "Antonio Buonomo __knowledge__ Professor of percussion at the conservatories of \"S.Pietro a Majella in Naples\" of Naples and \"S.Cecilia\" of Rome, Antonio Buonomo’s professional experience includes performing as timpani soloist in various orchestras (such as the \"San Carlo\" of Naples and \"La Fenice\" of Venice) and director of one of Europe’s first all-percussion instrument groups.", "Antonio Buonomo __knowledge__ His many compositions and transcriptions for percussion instruments have been published by the main houses of this sector and include teaching materials as well as music for plays and television documentaries.", "Haleakala Trail __knowledge__ The Haleakalā Trail (also sometimes known as the \"Haleakala Bridle Trail\") is the historic public access route to Haleakalā Crater and the summit of Haleakalā, which are now part of Haleakalā National Park.", "Haleakala Trail __knowledge__ The historic Haleakala Trail is a trail, approximately eight miles in length, on a fifteen percent grade between Olinda, Maui, and the summit of Haleakala.", "Haleakala Trail __knowledge__ In 1828, the missionaries Lorrin Andrews, William Richards, and Jonathan Green, describe ascending Haleakala from the coast at Hamakuapoko (near modern day Paia), ascending a trail that was described by their Hawaiian guides as long but of easy descent." ] ]

[ 2, 0, 50, 64, 57 ]

[ "I have tried it, but really only enjoy the hiking aspect of mountaineering, depending on your definition. My brother is actually a professional rock climber so I know a lot about it though!", "I have hiked portions of the Appalachian Trail, but not the entire thing. It's on my bucket list though. I spend a lot of my weekend time hiking with my dog", "I have a heeler mix who has made my hikes much more enjoyable. She's never ready to quit! Her favorite trail is actually the beginning of the Appalachian Trail in Georgia", "Mine was probably Haleakala in Maui a few years ago. I think the altitude got to me more than anything else. The terrain was so different than what I'm used to", "The harder trails are always much more satisfying. I feel so accomplished after, and sleep like a champ. Thankfully in Haleakala, we camped for a few nights so I was able to rest up before driving back down the mountain. " ]

[ "Mountaineering", "Mountaineering", "Mountaineering", "Mountaineering", "Mountaineering" ]

[ "Ketogenic diet\nI once heard someone talk about Ketogenic diet i didn't know what i was now I'm curious can you enlighten me?", "When did people start with the idea of eating Ketogenic diet ?", "So What Do I Eat on a Ketogenic Diet?", "Are there different types of Ketogenic Diets?", "Thanks alot for enlightening me about Ketogenic diet" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood, a state known as ketosis, leads to a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Almost half of children, and young people, with epilepsy who have tried some form of this diet saw the number of seizures drop by at least half, and the effect persists even after discontinuing the diet.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may benefit from the diet, and that a less strict regimen, such as a modified Atkins diet, is similarly effective.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The most common adverse effect is constipation, affecting about 30% of patients—this was due to fluid restriction, which was once a feature of the diet, but this led to increased risk of kidney stones, and is no longer considered beneficial.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), also known as refractory epilepsy or pharmacoresistant epilepsy, is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drugs (AED schedules) (whether as monotherapies or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ The probability that the next medication will achieve seizure freedom drops with every failed AED; for example after two failed AEDs the probability that the third will achieve seizure freedom is around 4%.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy is commonly diagnosed after several years of uncontrolled seizures however in most cases it is evident much earlier.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ GLUT1 deficiency, also known as De Vivo disease, is an autosomal dominant, genetic metabolic disorder associated with a deficiency of GLUT1, the protein that transports glucose across the blood brain barrier also known as Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS).", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome has an estimated birth incidence of 1 in 90,000.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ This birth incidence translates to an estimated prevalence of 3,000 to 7,000 in the U.S. Glut1 deficiency is characterized by an array of signs and symptoms including deceleration of head growth also known as microcephaly, mental and motor developmental delays, infantile seizures refractory to anticonvulsants, ataxia, dystonia, dysarthria, opsoclonus, spasticity, and other paroxysmal neurologic phenomena.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a metabolic state in which some of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis in which blood glucose provides energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a result of metabolizing fat to provide energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a nutritional process characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 mM, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides).", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ A cyclic ketogenic diet (or carb-cycling) is a low-carbohydrate diet with intermittent periods of high or moderate carbohydrate consumption.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ This is a form of the general ketogenic diet that is used as a way to maximize fat loss while maintaining the ability to perform high-intensity exercise.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ A ketogenic diet limits the number of grams of carbohydrate the dieter may eat, which may be anywhere between 0 and 50g per day.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The remainder of the caloric intake must come primarily from fat sources, as well as protein sources, in order to maintain ketosis.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ (Ketosis is the condition in which the body burns fats and uses ketones instead of glucose for fuel.)", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ ...First Do No Harm is a 1997 American made-for-television drama film directed by Jim Abrahams about a boy whose severe epilepsy, unresponsive to medications with terrible side effects, is controlled by the ketogenic diet.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Aspects of the story mirror Abrahams' own experience with his son Charlie.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The film tells a story in the life of a Midwestern family, the Reimullers.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Lori (played by Meryl Streep) is the mother of three children and the wife of Dave (Fred Ward), a truck driver.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The family are presented as happy, normal and comfortable financially: they have just bought a horse and are planning a holiday to Hawaii.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), also known as 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria or gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the degradation pathway of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ The disorder has been identified in approximately 350 families, with a significant proportion being consanguineous families.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ The first case was identified in 1981 and published in a Dutch clinical chemistry journal that highlighted a person with a number of neurological conditions such as delayed intellectual, motor, speech, and language as the most common manifestations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood, a state known as ketosis, leads to a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Almost half of children, and young people, with epilepsy who have tried some form of this diet saw the number of seizures drop by at least half, and the effect persists even after discontinuing the diet.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may benefit from the diet, and that a less strict regimen, such as a modified Atkins diet, is similarly effective.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The most common adverse effect is constipation, affecting about 30% of patients—this was due to fluid restriction, which was once a feature of the diet, but this led to increased risk of kidney stones, and is no longer considered beneficial.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), also known as refractory epilepsy or pharmacoresistant epilepsy, is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drugs (AED schedules) (whether as monotherapies or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ The probability that the next medication will achieve seizure freedom drops with every failed AED; for example after two failed AEDs the probability that the third will achieve seizure freedom is around 4%.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy is commonly diagnosed after several years of uncontrolled seizures however in most cases it is evident much earlier.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ GLUT1 deficiency, also known as De Vivo disease, is an autosomal dominant, genetic metabolic disorder associated with a deficiency of GLUT1, the protein that transports glucose across the blood brain barrier also known as Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS).", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome has an estimated birth incidence of 1 in 90,000.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ This birth incidence translates to an estimated prevalence of 3,000 to 7,000 in the U.S. Glut1 deficiency is characterized by an array of signs and symptoms including deceleration of head growth also known as microcephaly, mental and motor developmental delays, infantile seizures refractory to anticonvulsants, ataxia, dystonia, dysarthria, opsoclonus, spasticity, and other paroxysmal neurologic phenomena.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a metabolic state in which some of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis in which blood glucose provides energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a result of metabolizing fat to provide energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a nutritional process characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 mM, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides).", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ A cyclic ketogenic diet (or carb-cycling) is a low-carbohydrate diet with intermittent periods of high or moderate carbohydrate consumption.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ This is a form of the general ketogenic diet that is used as a way to maximize fat loss while maintaining the ability to perform high-intensity exercise.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ A ketogenic diet limits the number of grams of carbohydrate the dieter may eat, which may be anywhere between 0 and 50g per day.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The remainder of the caloric intake must come primarily from fat sources, as well as protein sources, in order to maintain ketosis.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ (Ketosis is the condition in which the body burns fats and uses ketones instead of glucose for fuel.)", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ ...First Do No Harm is a 1997 American made-for-television drama film directed by Jim Abrahams about a boy whose severe epilepsy, unresponsive to medications with terrible side effects, is controlled by the ketogenic diet.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Aspects of the story mirror Abrahams' own experience with his son Charlie.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The film tells a story in the life of a Midwestern family, the Reimullers.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Lori (played by Meryl Streep) is the mother of three children and the wife of Dave (Fred Ward), a truck driver.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The family are presented as happy, normal and comfortable financially: they have just bought a horse and are planning a holiday to Hawaii.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ The emphasis of the treatment of bipolar disorder is on effective management of the long-term course of the illness, which can involve treatment of emergent symptoms.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Treatment methods include pharmacological and psychological techniques.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ The primary treatment for bipolar disorder consists of medications called mood stabilizers, which are used to prevent or control episodes of mania or depression.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Medications from several classes have mood stabilizing activity.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Many individuals may require a combination of medication to achieve full remission of symptoms.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ As it is impossible to predict which medication will work best for a particular individual, it may take some trial and error to find the best medication or combination for a specific patient.", "Ketone bodies __knowledge__ Ketone bodies are three water-soluble molecules (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and their spontaneous breakdown product, acetone) that are produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of low food intake (fasting), carbohydrate restrictive diets, starvation, prolonged intense exercise, alcoholism or in untreated (or inadequately treated) type 1 diabetes mellitus.", "Ketone bodies __knowledge__ These ketone bodies are readily picked up by the extra-hepatic tissues, and converted into acetyl-CoA which then enters the citric acid cycle and is oxidized in the mitochondria for energy.", "Ketone bodies __knowledge__ In the brain, ketone bodies are also used to make acetyl-CoA into long-chain fatty acids.", "Ketogenesis __knowledge__ Ketogenesis is the biochemical process by which organisms produce a group of substances collectively known as ketone bodies by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids.", "Ketogenesis __knowledge__ This process supplies energy to certain organs (particularly the brain) under circumstances such as fasting, but insufficient ketogenesis can cause hypoglycemia and excessive production of ketone bodies leads to a dangerous state known as ketoacidosis.", "Ketogenesis __knowledge__ Ketone bodies are produced mainly in the mitochondria of liver cells, and synthesis can occur in response to an unavailability of blood glucose, such as during fasting." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood, a state known as ketosis, leads to a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Almost half of children, and young people, with epilepsy who have tried some form of this diet saw the number of seizures drop by at least half, and the effect persists even after discontinuing the diet.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may benefit from the diet, and that a less strict regimen, such as a modified Atkins diet, is similarly effective.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The most common adverse effect is constipation, affecting about 30% of patients—this was due to fluid restriction, which was once a feature of the diet, but this led to increased risk of kidney stones, and is no longer considered beneficial.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), also known as refractory epilepsy or pharmacoresistant epilepsy, is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drugs (AED schedules) (whether as monotherapies or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ The probability that the next medication will achieve seizure freedom drops with every failed AED; for example after two failed AEDs the probability that the third will achieve seizure freedom is around 4%.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy is commonly diagnosed after several years of uncontrolled seizures however in most cases it is evident much earlier.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ GLUT1 deficiency, also known as De Vivo disease, is an autosomal dominant, genetic metabolic disorder associated with a deficiency of GLUT1, the protein that transports glucose across the blood brain barrier also known as Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS).", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome has an estimated birth incidence of 1 in 90,000.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ This birth incidence translates to an estimated prevalence of 3,000 to 7,000 in the U.S. Glut1 deficiency is characterized by an array of signs and symptoms including deceleration of head growth also known as microcephaly, mental and motor developmental delays, infantile seizures refractory to anticonvulsants, ataxia, dystonia, dysarthria, opsoclonus, spasticity, and other paroxysmal neurologic phenomena.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a metabolic state in which some of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis in which blood glucose provides energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a result of metabolizing fat to provide energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a nutritional process characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 mM, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides).", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ A cyclic ketogenic diet (or carb-cycling) is a low-carbohydrate diet with intermittent periods of high or moderate carbohydrate consumption.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ This is a form of the general ketogenic diet that is used as a way to maximize fat loss while maintaining the ability to perform high-intensity exercise.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ A ketogenic diet limits the number of grams of carbohydrate the dieter may eat, which may be anywhere between 0 and 50g per day.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The remainder of the caloric intake must come primarily from fat sources, as well as protein sources, in order to maintain ketosis.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ (Ketosis is the condition in which the body burns fats and uses ketones instead of glucose for fuel.)", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ ...First Do No Harm is a 1997 American made-for-television drama film directed by Jim Abrahams about a boy whose severe epilepsy, unresponsive to medications with terrible side effects, is controlled by the ketogenic diet.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Aspects of the story mirror Abrahams' own experience with his son Charlie.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The film tells a story in the life of a Midwestern family, the Reimullers.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Lori (played by Meryl Streep) is the mother of three children and the wife of Dave (Fred Ward), a truck driver.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The family are presented as happy, normal and comfortable financially: they have just bought a horse and are planning a holiday to Hawaii.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), also known as 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria or gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the degradation pathway of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ The disorder has been identified in approximately 350 families, with a significant proportion being consanguineous families.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ The first case was identified in 1981 and published in a Dutch clinical chemistry journal that highlighted a person with a number of neurological conditions such as delayed intellectual, motor, speech, and language as the most common manifestations.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ Epileptic seizures are episodes that can vary from brief and nearly undetectable to long periods of vigorous shaking.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ These episodes can result in physical injuries including occasionally broken bones.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ In epilepsy, seizures tend to recur and as a rule, have no immediate underlying cause.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ Isolated seizures that are provoked by a specific cause such as poisoning are not deemed to represent epilepsy.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ People with epilepsy in some areas of the world experience varying degrees of social stigma due to their condition.", "Epilepsy __knowledge__ The cause of most cases of epilepsy is unknown.", "Post-traumatic epilepsy __knowledge__ Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a form of epilepsy that results from brain damage caused by physical trauma to the brain (traumatic brain injury, abbreviated TBI).", "Post-traumatic epilepsy __knowledge__ A person with PTE suffers repeated post-traumatic seizures (PTS, seizures that result from TBI) more than a week after the initial injury.", "Post-traumatic epilepsy __knowledge__ PTE is estimated to constitute 5% of all cases of epilepsy and over 20% of cases of symptomatic epilepsy (in which seizures are caused by an identifiable organic brain condition).", "Post-traumatic epilepsy __knowledge__ It is not known how to predict who will develop epilepsy after TBI and who will not.", "Post-traumatic epilepsy __knowledge__ However, the likelihood that a person will develop PTE is influenced by the severity and type of injury; for example penetrating injuries and those that involve bleeding within the brain confer a higher risk.", "Epilepsy syndromes __knowledge__ Cases of epilepsy may be organized into epilepsy syndromes by the specific features that are present.", "Epilepsy syndromes __knowledge__ These features include the age at which seizures begin, the seizure types, and EEG findings, among others.", "Epilepsy syndromes __knowledge__ Identifying an epilepsy syndrome is useful as it helps determine the underlying causes as well as what anti-seizure medication should be tried.", "Epilepsy syndromes __knowledge__ The ability to categorize a case of epilepsy into a specific syndrome occurs more often with children since the onset of seizures is commonly early.", "Epilepsy syndromes __knowledge__ Less serious examples are benign rolandic epilepsy (2.8 per 100,000), childhood absence epilepsy (0.8 per 100,000) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (0.7 per 100,000).", "Frontal lobe epilepsy __knowledge__ Frontal lobe epilepsy, or FLE, is a neurological disorder that is characterized by brief, recurring seizures that arise in the frontal lobes of the brain, often while the patient is sleeping.", "Frontal lobe epilepsy __knowledge__ It is the second most common type of epilepsy after temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and is related to the temporal form by the fact that both forms are characterized by the occurrence of partial (focal) seizures.", "Frontal lobe epilepsy __knowledge__ Partial seizures occurring in the frontal lobes can occur in one of two different forms: either simple partial seizures (that do not affect awareness or memory) or complex partial seizures (that affect awareness or memory either before, during or after a seizure).", "Epileptic seizure __knowledge__ An epileptic seizure, also known as an epileptic fit, is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.", "Epileptic seizure __knowledge__ The outward effect can vary from uncontrolled jerking movement (tonic-clonic seizure) to as subtle as a momentary loss of awareness (absence seizure).", "Epileptic seizure __knowledge__ Diseases of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures are collectively called epilepsy.", "Epileptic seizure __knowledge__ Seizures can also occur in people who do not have epilepsy for various reasons including brain trauma, drug use, elevated body temperature, low blood sugar and low levels of oxygen.", "Epilepsy-intellectual disability in females __knowledge__ Epilepsy-intellectual disability in females also known as PCDH19 gene-related epilepsy or epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 9 (EIEE9), is a rare type of epilepsy that affects predominately females and is characterized by clusters of brief seizures, which start in infancy or early childhood, and is occasionally accompanied by varying degrees of cognitive impairment.", "Epilepsy-intellectual disability in females __knowledge__ The striking pattern of onset seizures at a young age, genetic testing and laboratory results, potential developmental delays or developmental regression and associated disorders, eases diagnosis.", "Epilepsy-intellectual disability in females __knowledge__ The National Institutes of Health Office and Rare Disease Research characterizes PCDH19 gene-related epilepsy as a rare disorder." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood, a state known as ketosis, leads to a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Almost half of children, and young people, with epilepsy who have tried some form of this diet saw the number of seizures drop by at least half, and the effect persists even after discontinuing the diet.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may benefit from the diet, and that a less strict regimen, such as a modified Atkins diet, is similarly effective.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The most common adverse effect is constipation, affecting about 30% of patients—this was due to fluid restriction, which was once a feature of the diet, but this led to increased risk of kidney stones, and is no longer considered beneficial.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ GLUT1 deficiency, also known as De Vivo disease, is an autosomal dominant, genetic metabolic disorder associated with a deficiency of GLUT1, the protein that transports glucose across the blood brain barrier also known as Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS).", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome has an estimated birth incidence of 1 in 90,000.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ This birth incidence translates to an estimated prevalence of 3,000 to 7,000 in the U.S. Glut1 deficiency is characterized by an array of signs and symptoms including deceleration of head growth also known as microcephaly, mental and motor developmental delays, infantile seizures refractory to anticonvulsants, ataxia, dystonia, dysarthria, opsoclonus, spasticity, and other paroxysmal neurologic phenomena.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ The emphasis of the treatment of bipolar disorder is on effective management of the long-term course of the illness, which can involve treatment of emergent symptoms.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Treatment methods include pharmacological and psychological techniques.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ The primary treatment for bipolar disorder consists of medications called mood stabilizers, which are used to prevent or control episodes of mania or depression.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Medications from several classes have mood stabilizing activity.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Many individuals may require a combination of medication to achieve full remission of symptoms.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ As it is impossible to predict which medication will work best for a particular individual, it may take some trial and error to find the best medication or combination for a specific patient.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a metabolic state in which some of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis in which blood glucose provides energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a result of metabolizing fat to provide energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a nutritional process characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 mM, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides).", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ Low-carbohydrate diets or low-carb diets are dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ Foods high in easily digestible carbohydrates (e.g., sugar, bread, pasta) are limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of fats and moderate protein (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese, nuts, and seeds) and other foods low in carbohydrates (e.g., most salad vegetables such as spinach, kale, chard and collards), although other vegetables and fruits (especially berries) are often allowed.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ The amount of carbohydrate allowed varies with different low-carbohydrate diets.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), also known as 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria or gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the degradation pathway of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ The disorder has been identified in approximately 350 families, with a significant proportion being consanguineous families.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ The first case was identified in 1981 and published in a Dutch clinical chemistry journal that highlighted a person with a number of neurological conditions such as delayed intellectual, motor, speech, and language as the most common manifestations.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), also known as refractory epilepsy or pharmacoresistant epilepsy, is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drugs (AED schedules) (whether as monotherapies or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ The probability that the next medication will achieve seizure freedom drops with every failed AED; for example after two failed AEDs the probability that the third will achieve seizure freedom is around 4%.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy is commonly diagnosed after several years of uncontrolled seizures however in most cases it is evident much earlier.", "Ketone bodies __knowledge__ Ketone bodies are three water-soluble molecules (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and their spontaneous breakdown product, acetone) that are produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of low food intake (fasting), carbohydrate restrictive diets, starvation, prolonged intense exercise, alcoholism or in untreated (or inadequately treated) type 1 diabetes mellitus.", "Ketone bodies __knowledge__ These ketone bodies are readily picked up by the extra-hepatic tissues, and converted into acetyl-CoA which then enters the citric acid cycle and is oxidized in the mitochondria for energy.", "Ketone bodies __knowledge__ In the brain, ketone bodies are also used to make acetyl-CoA into long-chain fatty acids.", "Ketogenesis __knowledge__ Ketogenesis is the biochemical process by which organisms produce a group of substances collectively known as ketone bodies by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids.", "Ketogenesis __knowledge__ This process supplies energy to certain organs (particularly the brain) under circumstances such as fasting, but insufficient ketogenesis can cause hypoglycemia and excessive production of ketone bodies leads to a dangerous state known as ketoacidosis.", "Ketogenesis __knowledge__ Ketone bodies are produced mainly in the mitochondria of liver cells, and synthesis can occur in response to an unavailability of blood glucose, such as during fasting.", "Starvation response __knowledge__ Starvation response in animals is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes that reduce metabolism in response to a lack of food.", "Starvation response __knowledge__ Equivalent or closely related terms include famine response, starvation mode, famine mode, starvation resistance, starvation tolerance, adapted starvation, adaptive thermogenesis, fat adaptation, and metabolic adaptation.", "Starvation response __knowledge__ Starvation contributes to tolerance during infection, as nutrients become limited when they are sequestered by host defenses and consumed by proliferating bacteria.", "Starvation response __knowledge__ One of the most important causes of starvation induced tolerance in vivo is biofilm growth, which occurs in many chronic infections.", "Fatty acid metabolism __knowledge__ Fatty acid metabolism consists of catabolic processes that generate energy, and anabolic processes that create biologically important molecules (triglycerides, phospholipids, second messengers, local hormones and ketone bodies).", "Fatty acid metabolism __knowledge__ Fatty acids are a family of molecules classified within the lipid macronutrient class.", "Fatty acid metabolism __knowledge__ One role of fatty acids in animal metabolism is energy production, captured in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).", "Fatty acid metabolism __knowledge__ When compared to other macronutrient classes (carbohydrates and protein), fatty acids yield the most ATP on an energy per gram basis, when they are completely oxidized to CO and water by beta oxidation and the citric acid cycle.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where \"m\" could be different from \"n\").", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ This formula holds true for monosaccharides.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, has the empirical formula CHO.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ The carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; structurally it is more accurate to view them as aldoses and ketones.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of 'saccharide', a group that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood, a state known as ketosis, leads to a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Almost half of children, and young people, with epilepsy who have tried some form of this diet saw the number of seizures drop by at least half, and the effect persists even after discontinuing the diet.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ There is some evidence that adults with epilepsy may benefit from the diet, and that a less strict regimen, such as a modified Atkins diet, is similarly effective.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The most common adverse effect is constipation, affecting about 30% of patients—this was due to fluid restriction, which was once a feature of the diet, but this led to increased risk of kidney stones, and is no longer considered beneficial.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), also known as refractory epilepsy or pharmacoresistant epilepsy, is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drugs (AED schedules) (whether as monotherapies or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ The probability that the next medication will achieve seizure freedom drops with every failed AED; for example after two failed AEDs the probability that the third will achieve seizure freedom is around 4%.", "Management of drug-resistant epilepsy __knowledge__ Drug-resistant epilepsy is commonly diagnosed after several years of uncontrolled seizures however in most cases it is evident much earlier.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ GLUT1 deficiency, also known as De Vivo disease, is an autosomal dominant, genetic metabolic disorder associated with a deficiency of GLUT1, the protein that transports glucose across the blood brain barrier also known as Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS).", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome has an estimated birth incidence of 1 in 90,000.", "Glut1 deficiency __knowledge__ This birth incidence translates to an estimated prevalence of 3,000 to 7,000 in the U.S. Glut1 deficiency is characterized by an array of signs and symptoms including deceleration of head growth also known as microcephaly, mental and motor developmental delays, infantile seizures refractory to anticonvulsants, ataxia, dystonia, dysarthria, opsoclonus, spasticity, and other paroxysmal neurologic phenomena.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a metabolic state in which some of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis in which blood glucose provides energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a result of metabolizing fat to provide energy.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketosis is a nutritional process characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 mM, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body.", "Ketosis __knowledge__ Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides).", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ A cyclic ketogenic diet (or carb-cycling) is a low-carbohydrate diet with intermittent periods of high or moderate carbohydrate consumption.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ This is a form of the general ketogenic diet that is used as a way to maximize fat loss while maintaining the ability to perform high-intensity exercise.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ A ketogenic diet limits the number of grams of carbohydrate the dieter may eat, which may be anywhere between 0 and 50g per day.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The remainder of the caloric intake must come primarily from fat sources, as well as protein sources, in order to maintain ketosis.", "Cyclic ketogenic diet __knowledge__ (Ketosis is the condition in which the body burns fats and uses ketones instead of glucose for fuel.)", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ ...First Do No Harm is a 1997 American made-for-television drama film directed by Jim Abrahams about a boy whose severe epilepsy, unresponsive to medications with terrible side effects, is controlled by the ketogenic diet.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Aspects of the story mirror Abrahams' own experience with his son Charlie.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The film tells a story in the life of a Midwestern family, the Reimullers.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ Lori (played by Meryl Streep) is the mother of three children and the wife of Dave (Fred Ward), a truck driver.", "...First Do No Harm __knowledge__ The family are presented as happy, normal and comfortable financially: they have just bought a horse and are planning a holiday to Hawaii.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), also known as 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria or gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the degradation pathway of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ The disorder has been identified in approximately 350 families, with a significant proportion being consanguineous families.", "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency __knowledge__ The first case was identified in 1981 and published in a Dutch clinical chemistry journal that highlighted a person with a number of neurological conditions such as delayed intellectual, motor, speech, and language as the most common manifestations.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ The emphasis of the treatment of bipolar disorder is on effective management of the long-term course of the illness, which can involve treatment of emergent symptoms.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Treatment methods include pharmacological and psychological techniques.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ The primary treatment for bipolar disorder consists of medications called mood stabilizers, which are used to prevent or control episodes of mania or depression.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Medications from several classes have mood stabilizing activity.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ Many individuals may require a combination of medication to achieve full remission of symptoms.", "Treatment of bipolar disorder __knowledge__ As it is impossible to predict which medication will work best for a particular individual, it may take some trial and error to find the best medication or combination for a specific patient." ] ]

[ 1, 7, 4, 9, 9 ]

[ "The ketogenic diet is high-fat and low-carb. It is named after ketone bodies.", "I am not sure when it started but I know why! It is used for people with epilepsy to reduce the number of seizures they have, which is awesome!", "The goal is to have your body running on ketone bodies instead of glucose. So fats like chicken wings and butter are good, while bread is bad!", "I think that some people do a Cyclical Ketogenic diet to cycle in carbs occasionally. It probably helps reduce the bad side effect of constipation from the Keto diet.", "Yeah no problem! If you try it, be sure to drink fluids to prevent constipation and kidney stones!" ]

[ "Ketogenic diet", "Ketogenic diet", "Ketogenic diet", "Ketogenic diet", "Ketogenic diet" ]

[ "Overwatch (video game)\ni love video games", "my favorite game", "its great fun", "i know" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Overwatch is a team-based multiplayer online first-person shooter video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ It was released in May 2016 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" assigns players into two teams of six, with each player selecting from a roster of over 20 characters, known in-game as \"heroes\", each with a unique style of play, whose roles are divided into four general categories: Offense, Defense, Tank, and Support.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players on a team work together to secure and defend control points on a map or escort a payload across the map in a limited amount of time.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players gain cosmetic rewards that do not affect gameplay, such as character skins and victory poses, as they play the game.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ The game was initially launched with casual play, with a competitive ranked mode, various 'arcade' game modes, and a player-customizable server browser subsequently included following its release.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Additionally, Blizzard has developed and added new characters, maps, and game modes post-release, while stating that all \"Overwatch\" updates will remain free, with the only additional cost to players being microtransactions to earn additional cosmetic rewards.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is Blizzard's fourth major franchise and came about following the 2014 cancellation of the ambitious massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\".", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Video game controversies are societal and scientific arguments about whether the content of video games change the behavior and attitudes of a player, and whether this is reflected in video game culture overall.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized their use as an expressive medium, arguing for their protection under the laws governing freedom of speech and also as an educational tool.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Detractors argue that video games are harmful and therefore should be subject to legislative oversight and restrictions.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ The positive and negative characteristics and effects of video games are the subject of scientific study.", "Oshkosh TAK-4 Independent Suspension System __knowledge__ TAK-4 independent suspension system is a family of independent suspension systems designed and manufactured by Oshkosh Corporation for use on military, severe-duty and emergency vehicles.", "Oshkosh TAK-4 Independent Suspension System __knowledge__ The system was developed from the mid-1990s.", "Oshkosh TAK-4 Independent Suspension System __knowledge__ In addition to third party usage for U.S. Army and Marines Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) fleet upgrades, TAK-4 independent suspension system is fitted by Oshkosh to a variety of its military vehicles and by its business unit, Oshkosh Airport Products, to its Striker Airport Rescue vehicle and Pierce Manufacturing to its Aircraft Rescue Fire Fighting (ARFF) trucks and other appliances.", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ Nonviolent video games are video games characterized by little or no violence.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ As the term is vague, game designers, developers, and marketers that describe themselves as non-violent video game makers, as well as certain reviewers and members of the non-violent gaming community, often employ it to describe games with \"comparatively\" little or no violence.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ The definition has been applied flexibly to games in such purposive genres as the Christian video game, however a number of games at the fringe of the \"non-violence\" label can only be viewed as objectively violent.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ The purposes behind the development of the nonviolent genre are primarily reactionary in nature.", "Bell TV __knowledge__ Bell TV (; formerly known as Bell ExpressVu, Dish Network Canada, ExpressVu Dish Network, and now sometimes known as Bell Satellite TV to distinguish the service from Bell's IPTV Fibe TV service), is the division of BCE Inc. that provides satellite television service across Canada.", "Bell TV __knowledge__ It launched on September 10, 1997 and as of 2004 it has been providing \"Bell TV for Condos\", a VDSL service provided to select multidwelling units (condominiums and apartments) in Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto.", "Bell TV __knowledge__ Bell TV provides over 500 digital video and 100 HD and audio channels to, as of May 2010, over 1.8 million subscribers.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Overwatch is a team-based multiplayer online first-person shooter video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ It was released in May 2016 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" assigns players into two teams of six, with each player selecting from a roster of over 20 characters, known in-game as \"heroes\", each with a unique style of play, whose roles are divided into four general categories: Offense, Defense, Tank, and Support.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players on a team work together to secure and defend control points on a map or escort a payload across the map in a limited amount of time.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players gain cosmetic rewards that do not affect gameplay, such as character skins and victory poses, as they play the game.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ The game was initially launched with casual play, with a competitive ranked mode, various 'arcade' game modes, and a player-customizable server browser subsequently included following its release.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Additionally, Blizzard has developed and added new characters, maps, and game modes post-release, while stating that all \"Overwatch\" updates will remain free, with the only additional cost to players being microtransactions to earn additional cosmetic rewards.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is Blizzard's fourth major franchise and came about following the 2014 cancellation of the ambitious massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\".", "Thief: The Dark Project __knowledge__ Thief: The Dark Project is a 1998 first-person stealth video game developed by Looking Glass Studios and published by Eidos Interactive.", "Thief: The Dark Project __knowledge__ Set in a medieval steampunk metropolis called the City, players take on the role of Garrett, a master thief trained by a secret society who, while stealing valuable objects, becomes embroiled in a complex plot that ultimately sees him attempting to prevent a great power from unleashing chaos on the world.", "Thief: The Dark Project __knowledge__ \"Thief\" was the first PC stealth game to use light and sound as game mechanics, and combined complex artificial intelligence with simulation systems to allow for emergent gameplay.", "Adam Sessler __knowledge__ Adam Michael Sessler (born August 29, 1973) is an American video game journalist, television personality and consultant.", "Adam Sessler __knowledge__ He is best known as the former co-host for the video game review series \"X-Play\" and the editor-in-chief for G4's video game section..", "Adam Sessler __knowledge__ Upon his departure from G4 in April 2012, Sessler was its longest tenured television personality, having originally been hired by its predecessor ZDTV in 1998.", "Adam Sessler __knowledge__ After his departure from G4, Sessler became the editor-in-chief and content producer for Rev3Games.", "Adam Sessler __knowledge__ He left video game journalism in 2014 to become the president for TheoryHead, a consultancy firm for entertainment and media.", "Greg Wohlwend __knowledge__ Greg Wohlwend is an American independent video game developer and artist whose games include \"Threes!\"", "Greg Wohlwend __knowledge__ and \"Ridiculous Fishing\".", "Greg Wohlwend __knowledge__ He originally formed Intuition Games with Iowa State University classmate Mike Boxleiter in 2007 where they worked on \"Dinowaurs\" and other small Adobe Flash games.", "Greg Wohlwend __knowledge__ Trained as an artist, Wohlwend worked mainly on the visual assets.", "Greg Wohlwend __knowledge__ As Mikengreg, they released \"Solipskier\" (2010, iOS), whose success let the two take a more experimental approach with \"Gasketball\", which did not fare as well.", "Greg Wohlwend __knowledge__ At the same time, Wohlwend collaborated with Asher Vollmer to make \"Puzzlejuice\", and with Adam Saltsman to make \"Hundreds\" based on Wohlwend's first game design.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ Wheel of Fortune (often known simply as Wheel) is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ The show features a competition in which contestants solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash and prizes determined by spinning a giant carnival wheel.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ \"Wheel\" premiered as a daytime series on NBC on January 6, 1975, and continued to air on the network until June 30, 1989.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ After some changes were made to its format, the daytime series returned on July 17, 1989 as part of CBS's daytime lineup.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ On January 14, 1991, \"Wheel\" moved back to NBC and aired on that network until it was cancelled on September 20, 1991.", "1st Washington Territory Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ The 1st Regiment of Washington Territory Volunteer Infantry (or 1st Washington Territory Volunteers) was a unit of infantry raised by the Washington Territory for service in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "1st Washington Territory Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ Under Colonel Justus Steinberger, organization for a three-year regiment began on 19 October 1861, with recruiting taking place within the territory as well as California.", "1st Washington Territory Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ Company A, B, C and D were organized at Alcatraz Island, San Francisco, Cal., January to April, 1862.", "1st Washington Territory Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ By May 1862, four companies had been mustered, with 17 officers and 317 men.", "1st Washington Territory Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ Ten companies would eventually be raised, being mustered in from the end of March until December 1862.", "Stronghold: Crusader __knowledge__ Stronghold: Crusader, released on July 31, 2002, is the successor to Firefly Studios's 2001 real-time strategy video game \"Stronghold\".", "Stronghold: Crusader __knowledge__ \"Crusader\" has much in common with the original \"Stronghold\", but differs from its predecessor in the fact that the game is no longer set in a pseudo-Europe, instead being set in the Middle East during the Crusades.", "Stronghold: Crusader __knowledge__ The game features a multitude of new Arabian units that can be purchased in a new building, the mercenary post.", "Stronghold: Crusader __knowledge__ Though the Arabian troops do not require any weapons to produce, they are rather expensive.", "Stronghold: Crusader __knowledge__ The game was also released as \"Stronghold Warchest\".", "George Vecsey __knowledge__ George Vecsey (born July 4, 1939 in Jamaica, Queens) is an American non-fiction author and sports columnist for \"The New York Times.\"", "George Vecsey __knowledge__ Vecsey is best known for his work in sports, but has co-written several autobiographies with non-sports figures.", "George Vecsey __knowledge__ He is also the older brother of fellow sports journalist, columnist, and former \"NBATV\" and \"NBA on NBC\" color commentator Peter Vecsey.", "George Vecsey __knowledge__ Vecsey has written about such events as the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics and on a wide variety of sports including tennis, football, basketball, hockey, soccer, and boxing, but considers baseball, the sport he’s covered since 1960, his favorite, and has written more books about it than any other sport.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ PlayStation 4 (PS4) is a line of eighth-generation home video game consoles developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 during a press conference on February 20, 2013, it was launched on November 15 in North America, November 29 in Europe, South America and Australia; and February 22, 2014, in Japan.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ It competes with Nintendo's Wii U and Switch, and Microsoft's Xbox One.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ Moving away from the more complex Cell microarchitecture of its predecessor, the console features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) built upon the x86-64 architecture, which can theoretically peak at 1.84 teraflops; AMD stated that it was the \"most powerful\" APU it had developed to date.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ The team-based first person shooter video game \"Overwatch\", developed by Blizzard Entertainment and released in May 2016, features 26 playable characters (heroes) and a number of supporting characters as part of the game's narrative, which is told through animated media and digital comics outside of the game.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ The story of \"Overwatch\" takes place on Earth in the \"near future\" in the years after the \"Omnic Crisis,\" a period in which robots (called \"omnics\") rose up in rebellion worldwide, and the United Nations formed an elite group called Overwatch to combat them.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ Overwatch was disbanded years later under a cloud of suspicion, but its former members have returned to the fore in light of new threats to humanity.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is a team-based first-person shooter developed by Blizzard Entertainment and released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in June 2016.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The game, while having several different play modes, generally features two teams of six players each, selecting pre-made heroes from the game's roster, to either attack or defend various objective points on the game's maps.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The game supports causal game modes as well as ranked competitive play.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ Since release, \"Overwatch\" has been both critically and financially successful, with a player base of 35 million players as of October 2017.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The development of \"Overwatch\" started in the fallout following Blizzard's decision to cancel continued development of the massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\" around 2013.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Windows 10 is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ It was released on July 29, 2015.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ It is the first version of Windows that receives ongoing feature updates.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Devices in enterprise environments can receive these updates at a slower pace, or use long-term support milestones that only receive critical updates, such as security patches, over their ten-year lifespan of extended support.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Windows 10 introduces what Microsoft described as \"universal apps\"; expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical codeincluding PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Mixed Reality." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Overwatch is a team-based multiplayer online first-person shooter video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ It was released in May 2016 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" assigns players into two teams of six, with each player selecting from a roster of over 20 characters, known in-game as \"heroes\", each with a unique style of play, whose roles are divided into four general categories: Offense, Defense, Tank, and Support.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players on a team work together to secure and defend control points on a map or escort a payload across the map in a limited amount of time.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players gain cosmetic rewards that do not affect gameplay, such as character skins and victory poses, as they play the game.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ The game was initially launched with casual play, with a competitive ranked mode, various 'arcade' game modes, and a player-customizable server browser subsequently included following its release.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Additionally, Blizzard has developed and added new characters, maps, and game modes post-release, while stating that all \"Overwatch\" updates will remain free, with the only additional cost to players being microtransactions to earn additional cosmetic rewards.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is Blizzard's fourth major franchise and came about following the 2014 cancellation of the ambitious massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\".", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ \"Hollyoaks\" is a British television soap opera that was first broadcast on 23 October 1995.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appeared in the serial in 2015, by order of first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by executive producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Dylan Jenkins (James Fletcher) – the estranged son of established character Trevor Royle (Greg Wood), who made his first appearance in early January.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ Shortly following, in late January, was the younger sister of Porsche (Twinnie Lee Moore) and Celine McQueen (Sarah George), Cleo (Nadine Rose Mulkerrin).", "No One (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ \"No One\" is the eighth episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the 58th overall.", "No One (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Mark Mylod.", "No One (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ Arya Stark fights for her life and chooses her destiny; Jaime Lannister returns Edmure Tully to Riverrun; Cersei Lannister is thwarted; Daenerys Targaryen returns to Meereen; and Sandor Clegane tracks down the Brotherhood Without Banners.", "No One (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ \"No One\" received mostly positive reviews from critics, who listed the conclusion of Arya's story with the Faceless Men, the reintroduction of the Brotherhood Without Banners, and Jaime's scheme to retake Riverrun as high points of the episode, but also received some criticism as being anticlimactic.", "Vala Mal Doran __knowledge__ Vala Mal Doran is a fictional character in the American military science fiction television series \"Stargate SG-1\", a science fiction show about a military team exploring the galaxy via a network of alien transportation devices.", "Vala Mal Doran __knowledge__ Played by former \"Farscape\" actress Claudia Black, Vala was created by Damian Kindler and Robert C. Cooper as a guest character for the season 8 episode \"Prometheus Unbound\" (2004).", "Vala Mal Doran __knowledge__ Because of the on-screen chemistry between Black's Vala and Michael Shanks' character Daniel Jackson, and the character's popularity with the producers and the audience, Claudia Black became a recurring guest star in season 9 (2005–2006) and joined the main cast in season 10 (2006–2007).", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Stuart Rudd __knowledge__ Stuart William Rudd (born 8 June 197?)", "Stuart Rudd __knowledge__ is an Australian songwriter/bass guitar player of rock band, The Superjesus.", "Stuart Rudd __knowledge__ Stuart Rudd grew up in Adelaide.", "Stuart Rudd __knowledge__ His father was a drummer in a Scottish pipe band.", "Stuart Rudd __knowledge__ In late 1994 Rudd, together with Sarah McLeod (ex-Fallen Down Monster) (lead vocals, guitar), Paul Berryman (drums) and Chris Tennent (lead guitar) formed Hell's Kitchen in Adelaide.", "Stuart Rudd __knowledge__ Rudd and Tennent had been jamming together for about a year before Rudd tried out for McLeod's latest band.", "Stuart Rudd __knowledge__ Hell's Kitchen changed their name to the Superjesus on the eve of the Big Day Out in Adelaide on Australia Day long-weekend, January 1996.", "Tara Thornfield __knowledge__ Lady Tara Thornfield (also Cockburn and Lady Oakwell) is a fictional character from the British soap opera \"Emmerdale\", played by Anna Brecon.", "Tara Thornfield __knowledge__ She made her first on screen appearance on 31 July 1997.", "Tara Thornfield __knowledge__ She remained on and off in the show until departing on 4 January 2002 for a new life with Sean Reynolds, whom she later married, but made a brief return with step-son, Marc (Anthony Lewis), in 2007 for her father-in-law Len's funeral.", "Tara Thornfield __knowledge__ Brecon made her first appearance as Tara on 31 July 1997.", "Tara Thornfield __knowledge__ The actress quit the role in September 1998 to move onto other projects.", "Tara Thornfield __knowledge__ Brecon revealed \"It's my decision.", "Tara Thornfield __knowledge__ It will be sad because the people here couldn't be lovelier and it's such a good job.", "Great Fun at All Times __knowledge__ Great Fun at All Times (TC: 隨時行樂) is a Cantopop album by Edmond Leung.", "Ralf Schumacher __knowledge__ Ralf Schumacher (born 30 June 1975) is a German former racing driver.", "Ralf Schumacher __knowledge__ He is the younger brother of seven-time Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher and the pair are the only siblings to win Formula One races.", "Ralf Schumacher __knowledge__ Schumacher began karting at the age of three and achieved early success before making the transition to automobile racing in the German Formula Three Championship and the Formula Nippon series.", "Ralf Schumacher __knowledge__ He first drove in Formula One with Jordan Grand Prix for the 1997 season.", "Ralf Schumacher __knowledge__ Schumacher moved to the Williams F1 team in 1999, finishing sixth in the Drivers' Championship that year.", "Ralf Schumacher __knowledge__ He won his first Grand Prix in 2001, en route to fourth place in the Drivers' Championship, and subsequently won five more races over the course of two years.", "Team Fortress 2 __knowledge__ Team Fortress 2 (TF2) is a team-based multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed and published by Valve Corporation.", "Team Fortress 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to the 1996 mod \"Team Fortress\" for \"Quake\" and its 1999 remake, \"Team Fortress Classic\".", "Team Fortress 2 __knowledge__ It was released as part of the video game bundle \"The Orange Box\" in October 2007 for Microsoft Windows and the Xbox 360.", "Team Fortress 2 __knowledge__ A PlayStation 3 version followed in December 2007.", "Team Fortress 2 __knowledge__ The game was released for Windows as a standalone entry in April 2008, and was updated to support OS X in June 2010 and Linux in February 2013.", "Team Fortress 2 __knowledge__ It is distributed online through Valve's digital retailer Steam, with retail distribution being handled by Electronic Arts.", "Saturn V __knowledge__ The Saturn V (pronounced \"Saturn five\") was an American human-rated expendable rocket used by NASA between 1967 and 1973.", "Saturn V __knowledge__ The three-stage liquid-fueled super heavy-lift launch vehicle was developed to support the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon and was later used to launch Skylab, the first American space station.", "Saturn V __knowledge__ The Saturn V was launched 13 times from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida with no loss of crew or payload.", "Saturn V __knowledge__ As of 2018,the Saturn V remains the tallest, heaviest, and most powerful (highest total impulse) rocket ever brought to operational status, and holds records for the heaviest payload launched and largest payload capacity to low Earth orbit (LEO) of , which included the third stage and unburned propellant needed to send the Apollo Command/Service Module and Lunar Module to the Moon.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "STS-135 __knowledge__ STS-135 (ISS assembly flight ULF7) was the 135th and final mission of the American Space Shuttle program.", "STS-135 __knowledge__ It used the orbiter \"Atlantis\" and hardware originally processed for the STS-335 contingency mission, which was not flown.", "STS-135 __knowledge__ STS-135 launched on 8 July 2011, and landed on 21 July 2011, following a one-day mission extension.", "STS-135 __knowledge__ The four-person crew was the smallest of any shuttle mission since STS-6 in April 1983.", "STS-135 __knowledge__ The mission's primary cargo was the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) \"Raffaello\" and a Lightweight Multi-Purpose Carrier (LMC), which were delivered to the International Space Station (ISS).", "US invasion of Grenada __knowledge__ The US Invasion of Grenada was a 1983 United States–led invasion of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, which has a population of about 91,000 and is located north of Venezuela, that resulted in a U.S. victory within a matter of weeks.", "US invasion of Grenada __knowledge__ Codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, it was triggered by the internal strife within the People's Revolutionary Government that resulted in the house arrest and the execution of the previous leader and second Prime Minister of Grenada Maurice Bishop, and the establishment of a preliminary government, the Revolutionary Military Council with Hudson Austin as Chairman." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Overwatch is a team-based multiplayer online first-person shooter video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ It was released in May 2016 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" assigns players into two teams of six, with each player selecting from a roster of over 20 characters, known in-game as \"heroes\", each with a unique style of play, whose roles are divided into four general categories: Offense, Defense, Tank, and Support.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players on a team work together to secure and defend control points on a map or escort a payload across the map in a limited amount of time.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Players gain cosmetic rewards that do not affect gameplay, such as character skins and victory poses, as they play the game.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ The game was initially launched with casual play, with a competitive ranked mode, various 'arcade' game modes, and a player-customizable server browser subsequently included following its release.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ Additionally, Blizzard has developed and added new characters, maps, and game modes post-release, while stating that all \"Overwatch\" updates will remain free, with the only additional cost to players being microtransactions to earn additional cosmetic rewards.", "Overwatch (video game) __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is Blizzard's fourth major franchise and came about following the 2014 cancellation of the ambitious massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\".", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ There is evidence suggesting that different processes are involved in remembering something versus knowing whether it is familiar.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ It appears that \"remembering\" and \"knowing\" represent relatively different characteristics of memory as well as reflect different ways of using memory.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ To remember is the conscious \"recollection\" of many vivid contextual details, such as \"when\" and \"how\" the information was learned.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Remembering utilizes episodic memory and requires a deeper level of processing (e.g.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ undivided attention) than knowing.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Errors in recollection may be due to source-monitoring errors that prevent an individual from remembering where exactly a piece of information was received.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" is a song from the 1970 rock opera \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" written by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Tim Rice (lyrics), a torch ballad sung by the character of Mary Magdalene.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ In the opera she is presented as bearing an unrequited love for the title character.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ The song has been much recorded, with \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" being one of the rare songs to have had two concurrent recordings reach the Top 40 of the Hot 100 chart in \"Billboard\" magazine, specifically those by Helen Reddy and Yvonne Elliman, since the 1950s when multi-version chartings were common.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The Native American Party, renamed the American Party in 1855 and commonly known as the \"Know Nothing\" movement, was an American nativist political party that operated nationally in the mid-1850s.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ It was primarily anti-Catholic and hostile to immigration, starting originally as a secret society.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The movement briefly emerged as a major political party in the form of the American Party.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ Adherents to the movement were to reply \"I know nothing\" when asked about its specifics by outsiders, thus providing the group with its common appellation.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The \"Know Nothings\" believed a \"Romanist\" conspiracy was afoot to subvert civil and religious liberty in America and sought to politically organize native-born Protestants in the defense of traditional religious and political values.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "You Don't Know Jack (series) __knowledge__ You Don't Know Jack (commonly abbreviated YDKJ) released in Japan as , is a series of computer games developed by Jackbox Games (formerly known as Jellyvision Games) and Berkeley Systems, as well as the title of the first \"You Don't Know Jack\" game in the series.", "You Don't Know Jack (series) __knowledge__ \"You Don't Know Jack\", framed as a game show \"where high culture and pop culture collide\", combines trivia with comedy.", "You Don't Know Jack (series) __knowledge__ While it is primarily a PC and Mac-based franchise with over two dozen releases and compilations for those platforms, there have been a few entries released for consoles: two for the original PlayStation, and the 2011 release which had versions on the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Nintendo DS and Wii.", "Know thyself __knowledge__ The Ancient Greek aphorism \"know thyself\" (Greek: , transliterated: '; also ' with the ε contracted), is one of the Delphic maxims and was inscribed in the pronaos (forecourt) of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi according to the Greek writer Pausanias (10.24.1).", "Know thyself __knowledge__ The phrase was later expounded upon by the philosopher Socrates who taught that: \"The unexamined life is not worth living.\"", "Know thyself __knowledge__ In Latin the phrase, \"know thyself,\" is given as \"nosce te ipsum\" or \"temet nosce\".", "Know thyself __knowledge__ The maxim, or aphorism, \"know thyself\" has had a variety of meanings attributed to it in literature.", "Know thyself __knowledge__ According to a proposal by De Lubicz and Lamy (1956), the Greek aphorism may have been adopted from Ancient Egypt: there are two parts of the ancient Luxor Temple, the External Temple, where the beginners were allowed to enter and the Internal Temple where a person was only allowed to enter after proven worthy and ready to acquire more knowledge and insights.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ The team-based first person shooter video game \"Overwatch\", developed by Blizzard Entertainment and released in May 2016, features 26 playable characters (heroes) and a number of supporting characters as part of the game's narrative, which is told through animated media and digital comics outside of the game.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ The story of \"Overwatch\" takes place on Earth in the \"near future\" in the years after the \"Omnic Crisis,\" a period in which robots (called \"omnics\") rose up in rebellion worldwide, and the United Nations formed an elite group called Overwatch to combat them.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ Overwatch was disbanded years later under a cloud of suspicion, but its former members have returned to the fore in light of new threats to humanity.", "Loot box __knowledge__ In video games, a loot box (sometimes loot crate or prize crate, among other names) is a consumable virtual item which can be redeemed to receive a randomised selection of further virtual items, ranging from simple customization options for a player's avatar or character, to game-changing equipment such as weapons and armor.", "Loot box __knowledge__ A loot box is typically a form of monetisation, with players either buying the boxes directly or receiving the boxes during play and later buying \"keys\" with which to redeem them.", "Loot box __knowledge__ These systems may also be known as \"gacha\" (based on \"gashapon\" - capsule toys) and integrated into gacha games.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is a team-based first-person shooter developed by Blizzard Entertainment and released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in June 2016.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The game, while having several different play modes, generally features two teams of six players each, selecting pre-made heroes from the game's roster, to either attack or defend various objective points on the game's maps.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The game supports causal game modes as well as ranked competitive play.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ Since release, \"Overwatch\" has been both critically and financially successful, with a player base of 35 million players as of October 2017.", "Development of Overwatch __knowledge__ The development of \"Overwatch\" started in the fallout following Blizzard's decision to cancel continued development of the massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"Titan\" around 2013.", "Overwatch seasonal events __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" is a online team-based first person shooter developed by Blizzard Entertainment, and released worldwide in May 2016.", "Overwatch seasonal events __knowledge__ Normally played in matches of six-vs-six, players select from one of 26 heroes, broadly classified into the four categories of Offense, Defense, Tank, and Support, and work with their team to attack or defend map objectives.", "Overwatch seasonal events __knowledge__ Each hero has a unique set of weapons, abilities, and skills, which players can coordinate to overpower the other team.", "Overwatch seasonal events __knowledge__ \"Overwatch\" supports both casual and ranked matchmaking, as well as a rotating set of arcade modes, and the game has since become a popular eSport, with plans for a profession Overwatch League to start in 2018.", "Tracer (Overwatch) __knowledge__ Tracer (also known by her real name, Lena Oxton) is a player character appearing in the 2016 video game \"Overwatch\", a Blizzard Entertainment–developed first-person shooter, and its related animated and literary media.", "Tracer (Overwatch) __knowledge__ Tracer is from the \"Overwatch\" universe, but she was first introduced as a playable character in an April 2016 update for Blizzard's crossover multiplayer online battle arena game, \"Heroes of the Storm\", a month before \"Overwatch\"s official release.", "Tracer (Overwatch) __knowledge__ The character, who is of British origin, has been noted by video game outlets to be both peppy and energetic.", "Tracer (Overwatch) __knowledge__ In-game, Tracer is weak in terms of health but is highly mobile, making use of her teleportation and time traveling abilities.", "Overwatch League __knowledge__ The Overwatch League (abbreviated as OWL) is a professional eSports league for the video game \"Overwatch\", developed by Blizzard Entertainment which also oversees the League.", "Overwatch League __knowledge__ The Overwatch League aims to follow the model of traditional North American professional sports, using a set of permanent teams and regular season play, rather than the use of promotion and relegation used commonly in other eSports leagues.", "Overwatch League __knowledge__ Each team franchise is backed by an owner, and players that are signed onto the team are assured a minimum annual salary, benefits, and a portion of winnings and revenue-sharing based on how that team performs in the season." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 5, 8 ]

[ "Overwatch came out in 2016 on multiple platforms including Windows, PS4, and Xbox One.", "People work together on a team to secure points on a map or watch a payload.", "The rewards in Overwatch are cosmetic and don't impact gameplay.", "Overwatch is Blizzard's fourth big franchise and came out on the heels of a canceled project." ]

[ "Overwatch (video game)", "Overwatch (video game)", "Overwatch (video game)", "Overwatch (video game)" ]

[ "Lactose intolerance\nWhat types of alternatives do you like to have since you can't consume milk? ", "I'm not lactose intolerant, but I dislike the taste of milk. I like almond milk. The new flax milk is good too. ", "Lactose is the milk sugar, so are you able to eat cheese (which doesn't have sugar)? ", "What do you prefer to use for baking in place of milk? ", "How old were you when you diagnosed with lactose intolerance? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Lactose intolerance is a condition in which people have symptoms due to the decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk products.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Those affected vary in the amount of lactose they can tolerate before symptoms develop.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, gas, and nausea.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ These symptoms typically start between half and two hours after drinking milk or eating milk products.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Severity depends on the amount a person eats or drinks.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ It does not cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Lactose intolerance is due to the lack of enzyme lactase in the small intestines to break lactose down into glucose and galactose.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ There are four types: primary, secondary, developmental, and congenital.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Primary lactose intolerance occurs as the amount of lactase declines as people age.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Secondary lactose intolerance is due to injury to the small intestine such as from infection, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or other diseases.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Developmental lactose intolerance may occur in premature babies and usually improves over a short period of time.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Congenital lactose intolerance is an extremely rare genetic disorder in which little or no lactase is made from birth.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Diagnosis may be confirmed if symptoms resolve following eliminating lactose from the diet.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ A milk substitute is a liquid meant to replace the milk from a mammal.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ It is a whitish liquid that resembles milk and is often packaged as a powder to be mixed with water to yield a liquid that resembles milk.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ Milk substitutes usually contain milk powder in varying proportions of 30 to 80%, with the remainder consisting of other ingredients including whey, palm oil, coconut oil and similar vegetable extracts.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ Due to their composition, milk substitutes tend to have a longer shelf life and can withstand higher temperatures than milk, without spoiling.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ A milk substitute is often used to replace dairy milk in tea, coffee, or a recipe.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ Lactase persistence is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ Since lactase's only function is the digestion of lactose in milk, in most mammal species, the activity of the enzyme is dramatically reduced after weaning.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ In some human populations, though, lactase persistence has recently evolved as an adaptation to the consumption of nonhuman milk and dairy products beyond infancy.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ The majority of people around the world remain lactase nonpersistent, and consequently are affected by varying degrees of lactose intolerance as adults.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ However, not all genetically lactase nonpersistent individuals are noticeably lactose intolerant, and not all lactose intolerant individuals have the lactase nonpersistence genotype.", "Malnutrition in South Africa __knowledge__ Malnutrition continues to be a problem in the Republic of South Africa, although it is not as endemic as in other countries of Sub-Saharan Africa.", "Malnutrition in South Africa __knowledge__ 15% of South African infants are born with a low birth weight.", "Malnutrition in South Africa __knowledge__ 5% of South African children are so underweight they are considered to be wasted.", "Malnutrition in South Africa __knowledge__ Since the 1990s South Africa's malnutrition problem has remained fairly stable.", "Malnutrition in South Africa __knowledge__ It is estimated that South Africa loses about US$1.1 billion every year in GDP to vitamin and mineral deficiencies arising from malnutrition, although it would only cost an estimated US$55 million to alleviate this problem through micronutrient nutrition interventions.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Although any mammal can produce milk, commercial dairy farms are typically one-species enterprises.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In developed countries, dairy farms typically consist of high producing dairy cows.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Other species used in commercial dairy farming include goats, sheep, and camels.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In Italy, donkey dairies are growing in popularity to produce an alternative milk source for human infants.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ While cattle were domesticated as early as 11,000 years ago as a food source and as beasts of burden, the earliest evidence of using domesticated cows for dairy production is the seventh millennium BC - the early Neolithic era - in northwestern Anatolia ." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Lactose intolerance is a condition in which people have symptoms due to the decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk products.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Those affected vary in the amount of lactose they can tolerate before symptoms develop.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, gas, and nausea.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ These symptoms typically start between half and two hours after drinking milk or eating milk products.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Severity depends on the amount a person eats or drinks.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ It does not cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Lactose intolerance is due to the lack of enzyme lactase in the small intestines to break lactose down into glucose and galactose.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ There are four types: primary, secondary, developmental, and congenital.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Primary lactose intolerance occurs as the amount of lactase declines as people age.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Secondary lactose intolerance is due to injury to the small intestine such as from infection, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or other diseases.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Developmental lactose intolerance may occur in premature babies and usually improves over a short period of time.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Congenital lactose intolerance is an extremely rare genetic disorder in which little or no lactase is made from birth.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Diagnosis may be confirmed if symptoms resolve following eliminating lactose from the diet.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ Almond milk is a plant milk manufactured from almonds with a creamy texture and nutty taste.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ It contains neither cholesterol nor lactose, and is often consumed by those who are lactose-intolerant and others who wish to avoid dairy products, including vegans.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ Commercial almond milk comes in sweetened, unsweetened, plain, vanilla and chocolate flavors, and is usually enriched with vitamins.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ It can also be made at home using a blender, almonds and water.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ Sales of almond milk overtook soy milk in the United States in 2013, and by May 2014, it comprised two-thirds of the US plant milk market.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ In New York in 2015, a lawsuit was filed against two almond milk manufacturers, claiming that the actual almond content in marketed products contained an unexpectedly small amount of almonds.", "Almond __knowledge__ The almond (\"Prunus dulcis\", syn.", "Almond __knowledge__ \"Prunus amygdalus\") is a species of tree native to the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and North Africa.", "Almond __knowledge__ Almond is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree.", "Almond __knowledge__ Within the genus \"Prunus\", it is classified with the peach in the subgenus \"Amygdalus\", distinguished from the other subgenera by corrugations on the shell (endocarp) surrounding the seed.", "Almond __knowledge__ The fruit of the almond is a drupe, consisting of an outer hull and a hard shell with the seed, which is not a true nut, inside.", "Almond __knowledge__ Shelling almonds refers to removing the shell to reveal the seed.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ A milk substitute is a liquid meant to replace the milk from a mammal.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ It is a whitish liquid that resembles milk and is often packaged as a powder to be mixed with water to yield a liquid that resembles milk.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ Milk substitutes usually contain milk powder in varying proportions of 30 to 80%, with the remainder consisting of other ingredients including whey, palm oil, coconut oil and similar vegetable extracts.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ Due to their composition, milk substitutes tend to have a longer shelf life and can withstand higher temperatures than milk, without spoiling.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ A milk substitute is often used to replace dairy milk in tea, coffee, or a recipe.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Soy milk __knowledge__ Soy milk or soymilk is a plant-based drink produced by soaking and grinding soybeans, boiling the mixture, and filtering out remaining particulates.", "Soy milk __knowledge__ It is a stable emulsion of oil, water, and protein.", "Soy milk __knowledge__ Its original form is a natural by-product of the manufacture of tofu, but was long unpopular because its oligosaccharides caused flatulence and discomfort in lactose-intolerant adults.", "Soy milk __knowledge__ It became a staple of East Asian cuisine over the last few centuries, after it was discovered that prolonged heating eliminated this effect.", "Soy milk __knowledge__ It has become more popular in Europe and North America over the last few decades, as production techniques were developed to give it a taste and consistency more closely resembling dairy milk.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Plant milk __knowledge__ Plant milk has been consumed for centuries in various cultures, both as a regular drink (such as the Spanish horchata) and as a substitute for dairy milk.", "Plant milk __knowledge__ The most popular varieties are soy milk, almond milk, rice milk and coconut milk.", "Plant milk __knowledge__ The protein content varies.", "Plant milk __knowledge__ It contains no lactose or cholesterol, and is usually sold with added calcium and vitamins, especially B.", "Plant milk __knowledge__ There are several reasons for consuming plant milk: ethical (animal welfare) reasons, environmental reasons, health reasons, including lactose intolerance, milk allergy and PKU; veganism and ovo-vegetarianism; religious reasons, such as by some Christian denominations during Lent; and simple taste preference." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Lactose intolerance is a condition in which people have symptoms due to the decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk products.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Those affected vary in the amount of lactose they can tolerate before symptoms develop.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, gas, and nausea.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ These symptoms typically start between half and two hours after drinking milk or eating milk products.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Severity depends on the amount a person eats or drinks.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ It does not cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Lactose intolerance is due to the lack of enzyme lactase in the small intestines to break lactose down into glucose and galactose.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ There are four types: primary, secondary, developmental, and congenital.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Primary lactose intolerance occurs as the amount of lactase declines as people age.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Secondary lactose intolerance is due to injury to the small intestine such as from infection, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or other diseases.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Developmental lactose intolerance may occur in premature babies and usually improves over a short period of time.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Congenital lactose intolerance is an extremely rare genetic disorder in which little or no lactase is made from birth.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Diagnosis may be confirmed if symptoms resolve following eliminating lactose from the diet.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Lactose __knowledge__ Lactose is a disaccharide molecule; a sugar composed of galactose and glucose that is found in milk.", "Lactose __knowledge__ Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by weight), although the amount varies among species and individuals, and milk with a reduced amount of lactose also exists.", "Lactose __knowledge__ It can be extracted from sweet or sour whey.", "Lactose __knowledge__ The name comes from ' (gen. '), the Latin word for milk, plus the \"-ose\" ending used to name sugars.", "Lactose __knowledge__ It has a formula of CHO and the hydrate formula CHO·HO, making it an isomer of sucrose.", "Lactose __knowledge__ The first crude isolation of lactose, by Italian physician Fabrizio Bartoletti (1576–1630), was published in 1633.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where \"m\" could be different from \"n\").", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ This formula holds true for monosaccharides.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, has the empirical formula CHO.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ The carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; structurally it is more accurate to view them as aldoses and ketones.", "Carbohydrate __knowledge__ The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of 'saccharide', a group that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose.", "Kefir __knowledge__ Kefir or kephir ( ), alternatively milk kefir, or búlgaros, is a fermented milk drink that originated in the Caucasus Mountains made with kefir \"grains\", a yeast/bacterial fermentation starter.", "Kefir __knowledge__ It is prepared by inoculating cow, goat, or sheep milk with kefir grains.", "Kefir __knowledge__ Traditional kefir was made in goatskin bags that were hung near a doorway; the bag would be knocked by anyone passing through to help keep the milk and kefir grains well mixed.", "Kefir __knowledge__ The word \"kefir\", known in Russian since at least 1884, is probably of Caucasian origin, although some sources see a connection to Turkic \"köpür\" (foam) or \"kef\" (foam that builds up on the surface of a boiling liquid).", "Dairy __knowledge__ A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting or processing (or both) of animal milk – mostly from cows or goats, but also from buffaloes, sheep, horses, or camels – for human consumption.", "Dairy __knowledge__ A dairy is typically located on a dedicated dairy farm or in a section of a multi-purpose farm (mixed farm) that is concerned with the harvesting of milk.", "Dairy __knowledge__ Terminology differs between countries.", "Dairy __knowledge__ For example, in the United States, an entire dairy farm is commonly called a \"dairy\".", "Dairy __knowledge__ The building or farm area where milk is harvested from the cow is often called a \"milking parlor\" or \"parlor\".", "Dairy __knowledge__ The farm area where milk is stored in bulk tanks is known as the farm's \"milk house\".", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ Almond milk is a plant milk manufactured from almonds with a creamy texture and nutty taste.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ It contains neither cholesterol nor lactose, and is often consumed by those who are lactose-intolerant and others who wish to avoid dairy products, including vegans.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ Commercial almond milk comes in sweetened, unsweetened, plain, vanilla and chocolate flavors, and is usually enriched with vitamins.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ It can also be made at home using a blender, almonds and water.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ Sales of almond milk overtook soy milk in the United States in 2013, and by May 2014, it comprised two-thirds of the US plant milk market.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ In New York in 2015, a lawsuit was filed against two almond milk manufacturers, claiming that the actual almond content in marketed products contained an unexpectedly small amount of almonds.", "Almond __knowledge__ The almond (\"Prunus dulcis\", syn.", "Almond __knowledge__ \"Prunus amygdalus\") is a species of tree native to the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and North Africa.", "Almond __knowledge__ Almond is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree.", "Almond __knowledge__ Within the genus \"Prunus\", it is classified with the peach in the subgenus \"Amygdalus\", distinguished from the other subgenera by corrugations on the shell (endocarp) surrounding the seed.", "Almond __knowledge__ The fruit of the almond is a drupe, consisting of an outer hull and a hard shell with the seed, which is not a true nut, inside.", "Almond __knowledge__ Shelling almonds refers to removing the shell to reveal the seed.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ A milk substitute is a liquid meant to replace the milk from a mammal.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ It is a whitish liquid that resembles milk and is often packaged as a powder to be mixed with water to yield a liquid that resembles milk.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ Milk substitutes usually contain milk powder in varying proportions of 30 to 80%, with the remainder consisting of other ingredients including whey, palm oil, coconut oil and similar vegetable extracts.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ Due to their composition, milk substitutes tend to have a longer shelf life and can withstand higher temperatures than milk, without spoiling.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ A milk substitute is often used to replace dairy milk in tea, coffee, or a recipe.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ Coffee drinks are made by brewing hot water (or much less commonly, cold water) with ground coffee beans.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ The brewing is either done slowly by drip or filter, French press or \"cafetière\", percolator, etc., or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine, where the coffee is termed \"espresso\"—slow-brewed coffees are generally regarded simply as \"coffee\".", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ All coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, in different strengths; some drinks have milk or cream added, some use steamed milk, cream, plant based milk, or foamed milk, some have flavorings or sweeteners, some have alcoholic liqueurs added, some are combinations of coffee with espresso or tea.", "Soy milk __knowledge__ Soy milk or soymilk is a plant-based drink produced by soaking and grinding soybeans, boiling the mixture, and filtering out remaining particulates.", "Soy milk __knowledge__ It is a stable emulsion of oil, water, and protein.", "Soy milk __knowledge__ Its original form is a natural by-product of the manufacture of tofu, but was long unpopular because its oligosaccharides caused flatulence and discomfort in lactose-intolerant adults.", "Soy milk __knowledge__ It became a staple of East Asian cuisine over the last few centuries, after it was discovered that prolonged heating eliminated this effect.", "Soy milk __knowledge__ It has become more popular in Europe and North America over the last few decades, as production techniques were developed to give it a taste and consistency more closely resembling dairy milk." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Lactose intolerance is a condition in which people have symptoms due to the decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk products.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Those affected vary in the amount of lactose they can tolerate before symptoms develop.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, gas, and nausea.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ These symptoms typically start between half and two hours after drinking milk or eating milk products.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Severity depends on the amount a person eats or drinks.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ It does not cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Lactose intolerance is due to the lack of enzyme lactase in the small intestines to break lactose down into glucose and galactose.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ There are four types: primary, secondary, developmental, and congenital.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Primary lactose intolerance occurs as the amount of lactase declines as people age.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Secondary lactose intolerance is due to injury to the small intestine such as from infection, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or other diseases.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Developmental lactose intolerance may occur in premature babies and usually improves over a short period of time.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Congenital lactose intolerance is an extremely rare genetic disorder in which little or no lactase is made from birth.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Diagnosis may be confirmed if symptoms resolve following eliminating lactose from the diet.", "Baking powder __knowledge__ Baking powder is a dry chemical leavening agent, a mixture of a carbonate or bicarbonate and a weak acid and is used for increasing the volume and lightening the texture of baked goods.", "Baking powder __knowledge__ Baking powder works by releasing carbon dioxide gas into a batter or dough through an acid-base reaction, causing bubbles in the wet mixture to expand and thus leavening the mixture.", "Baking powder __knowledge__ Baking powder is used instead of yeast for end-products where fermentation flavors would be undesirable or where the batter lacks the elastic structure to hold gas bubbles for more than a few minutes, or to speed the production.", "Baking powder __knowledge__ Because carbon dioxide is released at a faster rate through the acid-base reaction than through fermentation, breads made by chemical leavening are called quick breads.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Ancient Israelite cuisine refers to the food eaten by the ancient Israelites during a period of over a thousand years, from the beginning of the Israelite presence in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the Iron Age until the Roman period.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ The dietary staples were bread, wine and olive oil, but also included legumes, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish and meat.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Religious beliefs, which prohibited the consumption of certain foods, shaped the Israelite diet.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ There was considerable continuity in the main components of the diet over time, despite the introduction of new foodstuffs at various stages.", "Goat __knowledge__ The domestic goat (\"Capra aegagrus hircus\") is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.", "Goat __knowledge__ The goat is a member of the family Bovidae and is closely related to the sheep as both are in the goat-antelope subfamily Caprinae.", "Goat __knowledge__ There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat.", "Goat __knowledge__ Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species, and have been used for their milk, meat, hair, and skins over much of the world.", "Goat __knowledge__ In 2011, there were more than 924 million live goats around the globe, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.", "Goat __knowledge__ Female goats are referred to as \"does\" or \"nannies\", intact males are called \"bucks\" or \"billies\" and juveniles of both sexes are called \"kids\".", "Baking mix __knowledge__ A baking mix is a pre-mixed formulation of ingredients used for the cooking of baked goods.", "Baking mix __knowledge__ Baking mixes may be commercially manufactured or homemade.", "Baking mix __knowledge__ Baking mixes that cater to particular dietary needs, such as gluten-free baking mixes or kosher baking mixes, can be bought in many places.", "Baking mix __knowledge__ Baking mixes are produced for the preparation of specific foods such as breads, quick breads, pancakes, waffles, cakes, muffins, cookies, brownies pizza dough, biscuits and various desserts, among other foods.", "Baking mix __knowledge__ Some all-purpose baking mixes, including commercial and homemade varieties, can be used to prepare several types of baked goods, such as biscuits, pizza dough, muffins, cookies and pancakes, among others.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Kürtőskalács __knowledge__ ' is made from sweet, yeast dough (raised dough), of which a strip is spun and then wrapped around a truncated cone–shaped baking spit, and rolled in granulated sugar.", "Kürtőskalács __knowledge__ It is roasted over charcoal while basted with melted butter, until its surface cooks to a golden-brown color.", "Kürtőskalács __knowledge__ During the baking process the sugar stuck on the ' caramelises and forms a shiny, crispy crust.", "Kürtőskalács __knowledge__ The surface of the cake can then be topped with additional ingredients such as ground walnut or powdered cinnamon.", "Kürtőskalács __knowledge__ The etymology of the name refers to a stovepipe, since the fresh, steaming cake in the shape of a truncated cone resembles a hot chimney.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Lactagen __knowledge__ Lactagen was a nutritional supplement produced by Ritter Pharmaceuticals that claimed to reduce the symptoms of lactose intolerance.", "Lactagen __knowledge__ In 2011, Ritter Pharmaceuticals ceased sales of Lactagen, and other dietary supplements, in order to pursue FDA approval for a treatment for lactose intolerance.", "Lactagen __knowledge__ Symptoms said to be relieved by Lactagen include bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping which are associated with the symptoms of lactose intolerance.", "Lactagen __knowledge__ Lactagen is a powder ingested with water or juice in increasing amounts for a period of 38 days.", "Lactagen __knowledge__ The manufacturer claims that the mixture of prebiotics and probiotics will relieve all symptoms permanently for 8 out of 10 users.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food intolerance is a detrimental reaction, often delayed, to a food, beverage, food additive, or compound found in foods that produces symptoms in one or more body organs and systems, but generally refers to reactions other than food allergy.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food hypersensitivity is used to refer broadly to both food intolerances and food allergies.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food allergies are immune reactions, typically an IgE reaction caused by the release of histamine but also encompassing non-IgE immune responses.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ This mechanism causes allergies to typically give immediate reaction (a few minutes to a few hours) to foods.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food intolerances can be classified according to their mechanism.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more of the protein constituents of cow's milk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms can be rapid or gradual in onset.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The former may include anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition which requires treatment with epinephrine.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The latter can take hours to days to appear.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Presentations may include atopic dermatitis, inflammation of the esophagus, enteropathy involving the small intestine and proctocolitis involving the rectum and colon.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Management is by avoiding eating any food that contains dairy.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Exposure to low levels of milk proteins is a health risk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ In people with IgE-mediated food allergy the individual threshold dose capable of provoking an allergic reaction can vary widely, but is in a low milligram range.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ Coeliac disease, also spelled celiac disease, is a long-term autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the small intestine that occurs in people who are genetically predisposed.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distention, malabsorption, loss of appetite, and among children failure to grow normally.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ This often begins between six months and two years of age.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ Non-classic symptoms are more common, especially in people older than two years.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ There may be mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms, a wide number of symptoms involving any part of the body, or no obvious symptoms.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ Lactase persistence is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ Since lactase's only function is the digestion of lactose in milk, in most mammal species, the activity of the enzyme is dramatically reduced after weaning.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ In some human populations, though, lactase persistence has recently evolved as an adaptation to the consumption of nonhuman milk and dairy products beyond infancy.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ The majority of people around the world remain lactase nonpersistent, and consequently are affected by varying degrees of lactose intolerance as adults.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ However, not all genetically lactase nonpersistent individuals are noticeably lactose intolerant, and not all lactose intolerant individuals have the lactase nonpersistence genotype." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Lactose intolerance is a condition in which people have symptoms due to the decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk products.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Those affected vary in the amount of lactose they can tolerate before symptoms develop.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, gas, and nausea.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ These symptoms typically start between half and two hours after drinking milk or eating milk products.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Severity depends on the amount a person eats or drinks.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ It does not cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Lactose intolerance is due to the lack of enzyme lactase in the small intestines to break lactose down into glucose and galactose.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ There are four types: primary, secondary, developmental, and congenital.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Primary lactose intolerance occurs as the amount of lactase declines as people age.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Secondary lactose intolerance is due to injury to the small intestine such as from infection, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or other diseases.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Developmental lactose intolerance may occur in premature babies and usually improves over a short period of time.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Congenital lactose intolerance is an extremely rare genetic disorder in which little or no lactase is made from birth.", "Lactose intolerance __knowledge__ Diagnosis may be confirmed if symptoms resolve following eliminating lactose from the diet.", "Lactagen __knowledge__ Lactagen was a nutritional supplement produced by Ritter Pharmaceuticals that claimed to reduce the symptoms of lactose intolerance.", "Lactagen __knowledge__ In 2011, Ritter Pharmaceuticals ceased sales of Lactagen, and other dietary supplements, in order to pursue FDA approval for a treatment for lactose intolerance.", "Lactagen __knowledge__ Symptoms said to be relieved by Lactagen include bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping which are associated with the symptoms of lactose intolerance.", "Lactagen __knowledge__ Lactagen is a powder ingested with water or juice in increasing amounts for a period of 38 days.", "Lactagen __knowledge__ The manufacturer claims that the mixture of prebiotics and probiotics will relieve all symptoms permanently for 8 out of 10 users.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food intolerance is a detrimental reaction, often delayed, to a food, beverage, food additive, or compound found in foods that produces symptoms in one or more body organs and systems, but generally refers to reactions other than food allergy.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food hypersensitivity is used to refer broadly to both food intolerances and food allergies.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food allergies are immune reactions, typically an IgE reaction caused by the release of histamine but also encompassing non-IgE immune responses.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ This mechanism causes allergies to typically give immediate reaction (a few minutes to a few hours) to foods.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food intolerances can be classified according to their mechanism.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more of the protein constituents of cow's milk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms can be rapid or gradual in onset.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The former may include anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition which requires treatment with epinephrine.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The latter can take hours to days to appear.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Presentations may include atopic dermatitis, inflammation of the esophagus, enteropathy involving the small intestine and proctocolitis involving the rectum and colon.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Management is by avoiding eating any food that contains dairy.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Exposure to low levels of milk proteins is a health risk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ In people with IgE-mediated food allergy the individual threshold dose capable of provoking an allergic reaction can vary widely, but is in a low milligram range.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ Coeliac disease, also spelled celiac disease, is a long-term autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the small intestine that occurs in people who are genetically predisposed.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distention, malabsorption, loss of appetite, and among children failure to grow normally.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ This often begins between six months and two years of age.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ Non-classic symptoms are more common, especially in people older than two years.", "Coeliac disease __knowledge__ There may be mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms, a wide number of symptoms involving any part of the body, or no obvious symptoms.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ Lactase persistence is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ Since lactase's only function is the digestion of lactose in milk, in most mammal species, the activity of the enzyme is dramatically reduced after weaning.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ In some human populations, though, lactase persistence has recently evolved as an adaptation to the consumption of nonhuman milk and dairy products beyond infancy.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ The majority of people around the world remain lactase nonpersistent, and consequently are affected by varying degrees of lactose intolerance as adults.", "Lactase persistence __knowledge__ However, not all genetically lactase nonpersistent individuals are noticeably lactose intolerant, and not all lactose intolerant individuals have the lactase nonpersistence genotype.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ Almond milk is a plant milk manufactured from almonds with a creamy texture and nutty taste.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ It contains neither cholesterol nor lactose, and is often consumed by those who are lactose-intolerant and others who wish to avoid dairy products, including vegans.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ Commercial almond milk comes in sweetened, unsweetened, plain, vanilla and chocolate flavors, and is usually enriched with vitamins.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ It can also be made at home using a blender, almonds and water.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ Sales of almond milk overtook soy milk in the United States in 2013, and by May 2014, it comprised two-thirds of the US plant milk market.", "Almond milk __knowledge__ In New York in 2015, a lawsuit was filed against two almond milk manufacturers, claiming that the actual almond content in marketed products contained an unexpectedly small amount of almonds.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Soy allergy __knowledge__ Soy allergy is a type of food allergy.", "Soy allergy __knowledge__ It is a hypersensitivity to dietary substances from soy causing an overreaction of the immune system which may lead to severe physical symptoms for millions of people.", "Soy allergy __knowledge__ The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America estimates soy is among the eight most common food allergens for pediatric and adult food allergy patients.", "Soy allergy __knowledge__ It is usually treated with an exclusion diet and vigilant avoidance of foods that may be contaminated with soy ingredients.", "Soy allergy __knowledge__ The most severe food allergy reaction is called anaphylaxis and is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention and treatment with epinephrine." ] ]

[ 21, 14, 2, 66, 3 ]

[ "Usually milk substitutes are liquid, such as rice milk, soy milk, or almond milk.", "I like almond milk as well, especially its creamy texture and nutty taste.", "Some people with lactose intolerance can handle more than others, so it really depends on the cheese. The harder the cheese the less problematic it is.", "Since milk allergy is a reaction to protein constituents of cow's milk, I prefer to use almond milk to bake.", "I was eight years old. It is tough to change your diet at that age, but it was better than all of the abdominal pain, bloating, and such." ]

[ "Lactose intolerance", "Lactose intolerance", "Lactose intolerance", "Lactose intolerance", "Lactose intolerance" ]

[ "Divorce\nDivorce Law in the US scares me. It seems so cruel and makes marriage appear too risky.", "The thing that bothers me is the way in which assets are divided. It seems like it takes only one of the partners to make the decision to destroy the other.", "My girlfriend really wants to get married. I would too if the laws didn't pose so much risk.", "Domestic violence is an interesting thing too. We always seem to hurt the ones we love. Maybe that's why divorce runs so rampant." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ No-fault divorce is a divorce in which the dissolution of a marriage does not require a showing of wrongdoing by either party.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ Laws providing for no-fault divorce allow a family court to grant a divorce in response to a petition by either party of the marriage without requiring the petitioner to provide evidence that the defendant has committed a breach of the marital contract.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ The first modern no-fault divorce law was enacted in Russia in December 1917 following the October Revolution of the same year.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ Regarding marriage as a bourgeois institution, the new government transferred divorce jurisdiction from the Russian Orthodox Church to the state courts, which could grant it on application of either spouse.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ This article is a general overview of divorce laws around the world.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ Every nation in the world allows its residents to divorce under some conditions except the Philippines (though Muslims in the Philippines have the right to divorce) and the Vatican City, an ecclesiastical sovereign city-state, which has no procedure for divorce.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ In these two countries, laws only allow annulment of marriages.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ In Muslim societies, legislation concerning divorce varies from country to country.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ Different Muslim scholars can have slightly differing interpretations of divorce in Islam, (e.g.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ concerning triple talaq).", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Grounds for divorce are regulations specifying the circumstances under which a person will be granted a divorce.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Each state in the United States has its own set of grounds.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ A person must state the reason they want a divorce at a divorce trial and be able to prove that this reason is well-founded.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Several states require that the couple must live apart for several months before being granted a divorce.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ However, living apart is not accepted as grounds for a divorce in many states.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ The United States allows a person to end a marriage by filing for a divorce on the grounds of either fault or no fault.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ Like marriage, divorce in the United States is under the jurisdiction of state governments, not the federal government.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ Divorce or \"dissolution of marriage\" is a legal process in which a judge or other authority dissolves the bonds of matrimony existing between two persons, thus restoring them to the status of being single and permitting them to marry other individuals.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ The legal process for divorce may also involve issues of spousal support, child custody, child support, distribution of property and division of debt, though these matters are usually only ancillary or consequential to the dissolution of the marriage.", "Divorce in South Africa __knowledge__ Divorce (or the dissolution of marriage) in South African law refers to the termination of a marital union, the canceling of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and the dissolving of the bonds of matrimony between a married couple.", "Divorce in South Africa __knowledge__ Divorce is unlike annulment, which declares the marriage null and void.", "Divorce in South Africa __knowledge__ Divorce requires the sanction of a court in a legal process.", "Divorce in South Africa __knowledge__ The legal process of divorce may also involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child support, distribution of property and division of debt.", "Divorce in South Africa __knowledge__ Prior to the coming into operation of the Divorce Act in South Africa on 1 July 1979, a decree of divorce could be granted by the court either on one of the two common-law grounds, adultery or malicious desertion, or on one of the two grounds introduced in 1935 by the Divorce Laws Amendment Act: incurable insanity for not less than seven years, or imprisonment of the defendant spouse for at least five years after such spouse has been declared to be a habitual criminal.", "Alfred Denning, Baron Denning __knowledge__ Alfred Thompson “Tom” Denning, Baron Denning, (23 January 1899 – 5 March 1999) was an English lawyer and judge who has been called “the greatest judge of the century” and “probably the greatest English judge of modern times”.", "Alfred Denning, Baron Denning __knowledge__ Called to the bar in 1923 as a barrister he became a King's Counsel in 1938.", "Alfred Denning, Baron Denning __knowledge__ Denning became a judge in 1944 with an appointment to the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice and was made a Lord Justice of Appeal in 1948 after less than five years in the High Court.", "Alfred Denning, Baron Denning __knowledge__ He became a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary in 1957 and after five years in the House of Lords returned to the Court of Appeal as Master of the Rolls in 1962, a position he held for twenty years." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ The manner in which assets are distributed depends on whether the deceased has left a valid will or other valid document containing testamentary provisions, such as an antenuptial contract.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ If the deceased has not left a valid will or valid document containing testamentary provisions, the deceased dies intestate; similarly, if the deceased leaves a valid will which does not dispose of all property, there is an intestacy as to the portion not disposed of.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ In the event of intestacy, the assets are distributed in a definite order of preference among the heirs, as stipulated by the Intestate Succession Act.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Japanese anime series \"Bakugan Battle Brawlers\".", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Daniel \"Dan\" Kuso (known in the Japanese version as is the main human protagonist in the series, who, is 12 years old in the first season, 15 in New Vestroia, 16 in Gundalian Invaders, and 17 in Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In the beginning he is ranked #121, and by episode 39, he is ranked #1, and has become ranked #4 or under in episode 6 of Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In \"New Vestroia\", Dan returns to New Vestroia to help Drago save the world from the invading Vestals.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Despite having just been introduced to the new Brawling system, Dan manages to get the hang of it before he battles his way into the Resistance by tying with Ace.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ This article is a general overview of divorce laws around the world.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ Every nation in the world allows its residents to divorce under some conditions except the Philippines (though Muslims in the Philippines have the right to divorce) and the Vatican City, an ecclesiastical sovereign city-state, which has no procedure for divorce.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ In these two countries, laws only allow annulment of marriages.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ In Muslim societies, legislation concerning divorce varies from country to country.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ Different Muslim scholars can have slightly differing interpretations of divorce in Islam, (e.g.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ concerning triple talaq).", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Grounds for divorce are regulations specifying the circumstances under which a person will be granted a divorce.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Each state in the United States has its own set of grounds.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ A person must state the reason they want a divorce at a divorce trial and be able to prove that this reason is well-founded.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Several states require that the couple must live apart for several months before being granted a divorce.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ However, living apart is not accepted as grounds for a divorce in many states.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ The United States allows a person to end a marriage by filing for a divorce on the grounds of either fault or no fault.", "Divorce law in Sweden __knowledge__ Divorce law in Sweden concerns the dissolution of marriage, child support, alimony, custody and the division of property.", "Divorce law in Sweden __knowledge__ Divorce restores the status of married people to individuals, leaving them free to remarry.", "Divorce law in Sweden __knowledge__ The divorce laws in Sweden are known to be considerably liberal compared to other jurisdictions.", "Divorce law in Sweden __knowledge__ The Swedish have in place a civil law system mostly dependent on statutory law.", "Divorce law in Sweden __knowledge__ The German-Roman tradition of the European continental countries has influenced the development of Swedish law.", "Divorce law in Sweden __knowledge__ The first comprehensive Swedish Code, consisting of all its codified laws, was the Civil Code of 1734, and is divided into the following Books: The law dating from the 17th Century only allowed two grounds for a divorce – adultery and desertion.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ Like marriage, divorce in the United States is under the jurisdiction of state governments, not the federal government.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ Divorce or \"dissolution of marriage\" is a legal process in which a judge or other authority dissolves the bonds of matrimony existing between two persons, thus restoring them to the status of being single and permitting them to marry other individuals.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ The legal process for divorce may also involve issues of spousal support, child custody, child support, distribution of property and division of debt, though these matters are usually only ancillary or consequential to the dissolution of the marriage.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ No-fault divorce is a divorce in which the dissolution of a marriage does not require a showing of wrongdoing by either party.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ Laws providing for no-fault divorce allow a family court to grant a divorce in response to a petition by either party of the marriage without requiring the petitioner to provide evidence that the defendant has committed a breach of the marital contract.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ The first modern no-fault divorce law was enacted in Russia in December 1917 following the October Revolution of the same year.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ Regarding marriage as a bourgeois institution, the new government transferred divorce jurisdiction from the Russian Orthodox Church to the state courts, which could grant it on application of either spouse.", "Conflict of divorce laws __knowledge__ In modern society, the role of marriage and its termination through divorce have become political issues.", "Conflict of divorce laws __knowledge__ As people live increasingly mobile lives, the conflict of laws and its choice of law rules are highly relevant to determine: When people's lives were mostly confined to a single state, local court orders for maintenance and child support, and for contact with, and parental responsibility for, any children of the family were administered through a relatively trouble-free system.", "Conflict of divorce laws __knowledge__ But, as the borders between states became increasingly porous, people moved in search of employment, to build businesses or, simply, because they could." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" is a television series created by Brenda Hampton.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ It first premiered on ABC Family on July 1, 2008 and ran until June 3, 2013.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ The show features a regular cast of characters, which began with eleven people in its first season.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ Since then, characters have left the show, with new main characters having both been written in and out of the series.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Secret Life\" features multiple guest stars each week, some having larger roles than others.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ The plot focuses on the character of Amy Juergens after becoming accidentally pregnant at band camp.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ It explores how the pregnancy affects her, her peers, and her family.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the television series \"Weeds\".", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ Nancy Botwin, née Price (Mary-Louise Parker, leading character)—also known as Lacey LaPlante (season two) and Nathalie Newman (season six)—was a PTA soccer mom until her husband, Judah, suddenly died of a heart attack.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ To maintain the upper middle-class lifestyle to which she was accustomed in the fictional town of Agrestic, Nancy entered the world of marijuana dealing.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ At the start, her regular clients include her accountant, her lawyer, and fellow suburban friends.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ However, as she expands and fights for survival, she is confronted with the violent realities of her business as she jockeys against competitors, gangs, and drug lords.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Darren Osborne is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\".", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ He was introduced by executive producer Phil Redmond as part of the Osborne family, and played by Adam Booth, made his first on-screen appearance on 18 November 1996.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Booth left the role in 1997, but the character was recast in 1999 with current portrayer Ashley Taylor Dawson.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Dawson decided to leave \"Hollyoaks\" in 2000 to concentrate on his band, allSTARS*, but returned in 2003 and has since remained in the role.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ As of 2017 Dawson has been on the show for 18 years with a two-year break between 2001 and 2003.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of 7th Heaven characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from The WB/The CW (1996–2007) family drama, \"7th Heaven\".", "List of 7th Heaven characters __knowledge__ The Camdens are made up of Eric and Annie and their seven children: Matt, Mary, Lucy, Simon, Ruthie, Sam, and David.", "List of 7th Heaven characters __knowledge__ Rev.", "List of 7th Heaven characters __knowledge__ Eric Camden (played by Stephen Collins) was raised in Binghamton, New York by his parents, Colonel John Camden and Ruth Lynch.", "List of 7th Heaven characters __knowledge__ Based on the episode \"Halloween\" (season 1), it appears that Eric was born in 1954 (which would make him 42 years old at the time).", "List of 7th Heaven characters __knowledge__ According to the episode \"One Hundred\" (season 5), his birthday is in January.", "List of 7th Heaven characters __knowledge__ Eric attended college for five years and graduated from Cobell Seminary.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The American television sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\", created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The series initially centers on five characters: roommates Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper, two Caltech physicists; Penny, a waitress and aspiring actress who lives across the hall; and Leonard and Sheldon's friends and co-workers aerospace engineer Howard Wolowitz, and astrophysicist Raj Koothrappali.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ Over time, several supporting characters have been introduced and promoted to starring roles, including Leslie Winkle, Amy Farrah Fowler, Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz, Stuart Bloom, and Emily Sweeney.", "Professional wrestling double-team maneuvers __knowledge__ In professional wrestling double-team maneuvers are executed by multiple wrestlers instead of one and typically are used by tag teams in tag team matches.", "Professional wrestling double-team maneuvers __knowledge__ Many of these maneuvers are combination of two throws, or submission holds.", "Professional wrestling double-team maneuvers __knowledge__ Most moves are known by the names that professional wrestlers give their \"finishing move\" (signature moves that usually result in a win) names.", "Professional wrestling double-team maneuvers __knowledge__ Occasionally, these names become popular and are used regardless of the wrestler performing the technique.", "Professional wrestling double-team maneuvers __knowledge__ Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.", "Professional wrestling double-team maneuvers __knowledge__ These moves involve one wrestler actually performing the move to an opponent.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ \"Suits\" is an American legal drama created by Aaron Korsh and premiered on USA Network in June 2011.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ The series revolves around Harvey Specter (Gabriel Macht), a senior partner at a top law firm in Manhattan, and his recently hired associate attorney Mike Ross (Patrick J. Adams) as they hide the fact that Mike does not have a law degree.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ Each episode focuses on a single legal case and its challenges while examining the work environment of the firm, Mike's and Harvey's personal relationships, and problems stemming from Mike's lack of a degree.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ The rest of the starring cast portray other employees at the firm: Louis Litt (Rick Hoffman), Rachel Zane (Meghan Markle), a paralegal who develops feelings for Mike; Donna Paulsen (Sarah Rafferty), Harvey's long-time legal secretary, close friend, and confidant; and Jessica Pearson (Gina Torres), the co-founder and managing partner of the firm.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Self-disclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favorites.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Social penetration theory posits that there are two dimensions to self-disclosure: breadth and depth.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Both are crucial in developing a fully intimate relationship.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The range of topics discussed by two individuals is the breadth of disclosure.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The degree to which the information revealed is private or personal is the depth of that disclosure.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence (also named domestic abuse or family violence) is a pattern of behavior which involves violence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It may be termed \"intimate partner violence\" when committed by a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner, and can take place in heterosexual or same-sex relationships, or between former spouses or partners.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence can also involve violence against children, parents, or the elderly, and may be done for self-defense.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It takes a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic, religious, reproductive, and sexual abuse, which can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and to violent physical abuse such as choking, beating, female genital mutilation and acid throwing that results in disfigurement or death.", "Partnership accounting __knowledge__ When two or more individuals engage in an enterprise as co-owners, the organization is known as a partnership.", "Partnership accounting __knowledge__ This form of organization is popular among personal service enterprises, as well as in the legal and public accounting professions.", "Partnership accounting __knowledge__ The important features of and accounting procedures for partnerships are discussed and illustrated below.", "Partnership accounting __knowledge__ Because ownership rights in a partnership are divided among two or more partners, separate capital and drawing accounts are maintained for each partner.", "Partnership accounting __knowledge__ If a partner invested cash in a partnership, the Cash account of the partnership is debited, and the partner's capital account is credited for the invested amount.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Infidelity (synonyms include: cheating, adultery (when married), netorare (NTR), being unfaithful, or having an affair) is a violation of a couple's assumed or stated contract regarding emotional and/or sexual exclusivity.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Other scholars define infidelity as a violation according to the subjective feeling that one's partner has violated a set of rules or relationship norms; this violation results in feelings of sexual jealousy and rivalry.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ What constitutes an act of infidelity depends upon the exclusivity expectations within the relationship.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ In marital relationships, exclusivity expectations are commonly assumed although they are not always met.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence (also named domestic abuse or family violence) is a pattern of behavior which involves violence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It may be termed \"intimate partner violence\" when committed by a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner, and can take place in heterosexual or same-sex relationships, or between former spouses or partners.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence can also involve violence against children, parents, or the elderly, and may be done for self-defense.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It takes a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic, religious, reproductive, and sexual abuse, which can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and to violent physical abuse such as choking, beating, female genital mutilation and acid throwing that results in disfigurement or death.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ Marital rape (or spousal rape) is the act of sexual intercourse with one's spouse without the spouse's consent.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ It is a form of domestic violence and sexual abuse.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ Although, historically, sexual intercourse within marriage was regarded as a right of spouses, engaging in the act without the spouse's consent is now widely recognized by law and society as a wrong and as a crime.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ It is recognized as rape by many societies around the world, repudiated by international conventions, and increasingly criminalized.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ The issues of sexual and domestic violence within marriage and the family unit, and more specifically, the issue of violence against women, have come to growing international attention from the second half of the 20th century.", "Women in Islam __knowledge__ The experiences of Muslim women vary widely between and within different societies.", "Women in Islam __knowledge__ At the same time, their adherence to Islam is a shared factor that affects their lives to a varying degree and gives them a common identity that may serve to bridge the wide cultural, social, and economic differences between them.", "Women in Islam __knowledge__ Among the influences which have played an important role in defining the social, spiritual and cosmological status of women in the course of Islamic history are Islam's sacred text, the Qur'an; the Ḥadīths, which are traditions relating to the deeds and aphorisms of Islam's Prophet Muḥammad; ijmā', which is a consensus, expressed or tacit, on a question of law; qiyās, the principle by which the laws of the Qur'an and the Sunnah or Prophetic custom are applied to situations not explicitly covered by these two sources of legislation; and fatwas, non-binding published opinions or decisions regarding religious doctrine or points of law.", "Domestic violence in the United States __knowledge__ Domestic violence in United States is a form of violence expressed by one partner or partners against another partner or partners in the context of an intimate relationship in the U.S..", "Domestic violence in the United States __knowledge__ It is recognized as an important social problem by governmental and non-governmental agencies, and various Violence Against Women Acts have been passed by the US Congress in an attempt to stem this tide.", "Domestic violence in the United States __knowledge__ Victimization from domestic violence transcends the boundaries of gender and sexual orientation, with significant percentages of LGBT couples facing these issues.", "Domestic violence in the United States __knowledge__ Men are subject to domestic violence in large numbers, such as in situational couple violence as mentioned above, but they are less likely to be physically hurt than female victims.", "Epidemiology of domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence occurs across the world, in various cultures, and affects people across society, at all levels of economic status; however, indicators of lower socioeconomic status (such as unemployment and low income) have been shown to be risk factors for higher levels of domestic violence in several studies..", "Epidemiology of domestic violence __knowledge__ In the United States, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 1995, women reported a six times greater rate of intimate partner violence than men.", "Epidemiology of domestic violence __knowledge__ However, studies have found that men are much less likely to report victimization in these situations.", "Epidemiology of domestic violence __knowledge__ Some studies have found that \"women are as physically aggressive or more aggressive than men in their relationships with their spouses or male partners\".", "Domestic violence in India __knowledge__ Domestic violence in India includes any form of violence suffered by a person from a biological relative, but typically is the violence suffered by a woman by male members of her family or relatives.", "Domestic violence in India __knowledge__ According to a National Family and Health Survey in 2005, total lifetime prevalence of domestic violence was 33.5% and 8.5% for sexual violence among women aged 15–49.", "Domestic violence in India __knowledge__ .A 2014 study in The Lancet reports that the reported sexual violence rate in India is among the lowest in the world, the large population of India means that the violence affects 27.5 million women over their lifetimes.", "Domestic violence in India __knowledge__ The 2012 National Crime Records Bureau report of India states a reported crime rate of 46 per 100,000, rape rate of 2 per 100,000, dowry homicide rate of 0.7 per 100,000 and the rate of domestic cruelty by husband or his relatives as 5.9 per 100,000.", "Domestic violence in same-sex relationships __knowledge__ Domestic violence in same-sex relationships is a pattern of violence or abuse that occurs within same-sex relationships.", "Domestic violence in same-sex relationships __knowledge__ Domestic violence is an issue that affects people of any sexuality, but there are issues that affect victims of same-sex domestic violence specifically.", "Domestic violence in same-sex relationships __knowledge__ These issues include homophobia, HIV and AIDS stigma, STD risk and other health issues, lack of legal support, and the violence they face being considered less serious than heterosexual domestic violence.", "Domestic violence in same-sex relationships __knowledge__ Moreover, the issue of domestic violence in same-sex relationships has not been studied as comprehensively as domestic violence in heterosexual relationships.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ Statistics on rape and other sexual assaults are commonly available in industrialized countries, and are becoming more common throughout the world.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ Inconsistent definitions of rape, different rates of reporting, recording, prosecution and conviction for rape create controversial statistical disparities, and lead to accusations that many rape statistics are unreliable or misleading.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ In some jurisdictions, male-female rape is the only form of rape counted in the statistics.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ Countries may not define forced sex on a spouse as \"rape\".", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ The Centers for Disease Control and prevention maintains statistics for the US.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Women's rights __knowledge__ Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide, and formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the nineteenth century and feminist movement during the 20th century.", "Women's rights __knowledge__ In some countries, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others they are ignored and suppressed.", "Women's rights __knowledge__ They differ from broader notions of human rights through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls, in favor of men and boys.", "Women's rights __knowledge__ Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include, though are not limited to, the right: to bodily integrity and autonomy; to be free from sexual violence; to vote; to hold public office; to enter into legal contracts; to have equal rights in family law; to work; to fair wages or equal pay; to have reproductive rights; to own property; to education." ] ]

[ 1, 0, 60, 5 ]

[ "Divorce laws are different state to state. Some divorces are as early as 5 days after marriage, some as late as 30 years after marriage", "I agree, or it takes a judge who shows more favor to one partner than the other . Even", "WHen we read about the statistics of how marriages end in divorce after a few years, it makes one wonder why they got married to begin with. Domestic violence is a leading cause for divorce", "Although reasons for divorce may vary, the just staying for the 'sake of the children' does them no justice when the parents cannot get along" ]

[ "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce" ]

[ "Rose", "I love roses as well. I collect perfumes and roses are one of my favorite notes", "Yes, I love giving roses as gift. They look and smell pretty wherever they are." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ In the Roman Empire, Rosalia or Rosaria was a festival of roses celebrated on various dates, primarily in May, but scattered through mid-July.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ The observance is sometimes called a rosatio (\"rose-adornment\") or the dies rosationis, \"day of rose-adornment,\" and could be celebrated also with violets \"(violatio\", an adorning with violets, also \"dies violae\" or \"dies violationis\", \"day of the \").", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ As a commemoration of the dead, the \"rosatio\" developed from the custom of placing flowers at burial sites.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ It was among the extensive private religious practices by means of which the Romans cared for their dead, reflecting the value placed on tradition \"(mos maiorum\", \"the way of the ancestors\"), family lineage, and memorials ranging from simple inscriptions to grand public works.", "Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar premiered on November 24, 2002 and continued until March 8, 2003.", "Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 1) __knowledge__ It was won by Alexander Klaws.", "Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 1) __knowledge__ This season was co-hosted by Michelle Hunziker and Carsten Spengemann.", "Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 1) __knowledge__ The 30 semi-finalists were: In the first season the show was co-hosted by Michelle Hunziker and Carsten Spengemann.", "Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 1) __knowledge__ Alexander Klaws won, with Juliette Schoppmann coming in second.", "Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 1) __knowledge__ signed with BMG, the label in partnership with DSDS.", "Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 1) __knowledge__ Immediately post-finale, Klaws released three singles, most notably the coronation song \"Take Me Tonight\" which was written by Bohlen and debuted on top of the German singles chart, eventually becoming the second biggest selling single of 2003 - only losing to \"We Have a Dream\", the pre-released recording of all ten finalists.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Numerous cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ It is believed that roses were grown in all the early civilisations of temperate latitudes from at least 5000 years ago.", "Perfume __knowledge__ Perfume ( ; ) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, fixatives and solvents, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent.", "Perfume __knowledge__ It is usually in liquid form and used to give a pleasant scent to a person's body.", "Perfume __knowledge__ Ancient texts and archaeological excavations show the use of perfumes in some of the earliest human civilizations.", "Perfume __knowledge__ Modern perfumery began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin or coumarin, which allowed for the composition of perfumes with smells previously unattainable solely from natural aromatics alone.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ The Not in This Lifetime... Tour is an ongoing concert tour by hard rock band Guns N' Roses.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ It features classic lineup members Axl Rose, Slash and Duff McKagan, marking the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour in 1993 that the three performed together.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ After the previous tour in 2014, guitarists DJ Ashba & Ron \"Bumblefoot\" Thal, bassist Tommy Stinson and keyboardist Chris Pitman left Guns N' Roses, leaving the band with several open spots.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ Former members Slash and McKagan rejoined the band and Melissa Reese joined as keyboardist.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ The group embarked on the world tour that spanned several continents, with 148 shows performed or scheduled so far.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Flora of the Sierra Nevada alpine zone __knowledge__ The flora of the U.S. Sierra Nevada alpine zone is characterized by small, low growing, cushion and mat forming plants that can survive the harsh conditions in the high-altitude alpine zone above the timber line.", "Flora of the Sierra Nevada alpine zone __knowledge__ These flora often occur in alpine fell-fields.", "Flora of the Sierra Nevada alpine zone __knowledge__ The Sierra Nevada alpine zone lacks a dominant plant species that characterizes it, so may or may not be called a vegetation type.", "Flora of the Sierra Nevada alpine zone __knowledge__ But it is found above the subalpine forest, which is the highest in a succession of recognized vegetation types at increasing elevations.", "Flora of the Sierra Nevada alpine zone __knowledge__ Botanists have ranked the Sierra Nevada alpine zone floral bloom as one of California's foremost wildflower displays, with flowers of fantastic color and abundance.", "Temperance &quot;Bones&quot; Brennan __knowledge__ Temperance \"Bones\" Brennan, Ph.D. (born Joy Keenan) is a fictional character portrayed by Emily Deschanel in the American Fox television series \"Bones\".", "Temperance &quot;Bones&quot; Brennan __knowledge__ An anthropologist, forensic anthropologist, and kinesiologist, she is described in the series as a leading authority in the field of forensic anthropology.", "Temperance &quot;Bones&quot; Brennan __knowledge__ Brennan first appeared on television, along with other series characters, in the \"Pilot\" episode of \"Bones\" on September 13, 2005.", "Temperance &quot;Bones&quot; Brennan __knowledge__ She is the main protagonist of the series along with FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth (David Boreanaz).", "Temperance &quot;Bones&quot; Brennan __knowledge__ Brennan is loosely based on author Kathy Reichs.", "Temperance &quot;Bones&quot; Brennan __knowledge__ Her name originates from the heroine in Reichs's crime novel series, also named Temperance Brennan.", "Harry P. Leu Gardens __knowledge__ The Harry P. Leu Gardens are semi-tropical and tropical gardens in Orlando, Florida, United States.", "Harry P. Leu Gardens __knowledge__ The gardens contain nearly of landscaped grounds and lakes, with meandering trails shaded by 200-year-old oaks and forests of camellias.", "Harry P. Leu Gardens __knowledge__ They are open to the public.", "Harry P. Leu Gardens __knowledge__ The address is 1920 North Forest Avenue Orlando, FL 32803.", "Harry P. Leu Gardens __knowledge__ A section of the park is a U.S. historic district.", "Harry P. Leu Gardens __knowledge__ As such, it is known as the Mizell-Leu House Historic District (or Leu Botanical Gardens and Leu House Museum).", "Harry P. Leu Gardens __knowledge__ It received that designation on December 29, 1994.", "Harry P. Leu Gardens __knowledge__ According to the National Register of Historic Places, it contains 3 historic buildings." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Popeye K __knowledge__ Popeye K is a Dutch Warmblood stallion that competes on the \"A\" circuit in show hunter classes.", "Popeye K __knowledge__ Popeye K was bred in Ashton, Ontario at Ashland farm.", "Popeye K __knowledge__ Popeye K is by the great show jumper Voltaire, who has produced several offspring that compete at the international level or are excellent sires themselves, including Finesse, Helios, Play it Again, Altair, and Concorde.", "Popeye K __knowledge__ The dam of Popeye K includes the great show jumper and sire Ramiro Z, who was the leading sire of jumpers in the world throughout much of the 1990s, and who produced the likes of Ratina Z, Zamira, and Donau.", "Popeye K __knowledge__ Pedigree for Popeye K 1997 Bay colt Popeye K began training in 1999, before attempting his Canadian Warmblood testing in September 2001 during which he finished Reserve Champion.", "Shooting of Trayvon Martin __knowledge__ On the night of February 26, 2012, in Sanford, Florida, United States, George Zimmerman fatally shot Trayvon Martin, a 17-year-old African American high school student.", "Shooting of Trayvon Martin __knowledge__ Zimmerman, a 28-year-old mixed race Hispanic man, was the neighborhood watch coordinator for his gated community where Martin was visiting his relatives at the time of the shooting.", "Shooting of Trayvon Martin __knowledge__ Zimmerman shot Martin, who was unarmed, during an altercation between the two.", "Shooting of Trayvon Martin __knowledge__ Zimmerman was charged with Martin's murder but acquitted at trial on self-defense grounds.", "Shooting of Trayvon Martin __knowledge__ The incident was reviewed by the Department of Justice for potential civil rights violations, but no additional charges were filed, citing insufficient evidence.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Book of Love (band) __knowledge__ Book of Love is an American synthpop and electronic band, formed in 1983 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and later based out of New York City.", "Book of Love (band) __knowledge__ Led by vocalist Susan Ottaviano, the band also includes keyboardists Ted Ottaviano (no relation to Susan), Lauren Roselli and Jade Lee.", "Book of Love (band) __knowledge__ The band gained its first exposure as the opening act for two Depeche Mode tours in 1985 and 1986.", "Book of Love (band) __knowledge__ The group has been described by the \"Houston Press\" as \"forward thinking\" for lyrics dealing with sexual orientation and gender roles.", "Book of Love (band) __knowledge__ Their biggest success came on the US dance charts, placing seven singles in the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Play chart between 1985 and 1993.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Numerous cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ It is believed that roses were grown in all the early civilisations of temperate latitudes from at least 5000 years ago.", "New Orleans Botanical Garden __knowledge__ The New Orleans Botanical Garden is a botanical garden located in City Park, New Orleans, Louisiana.", "New Orleans Botanical Garden __knowledge__ The first classical garden in New Orleans, it was funded by the Works Progress Administration.", "New Orleans Botanical Garden __knowledge__ The Botanical Gardens in New Orleans City Park was unveiled in 1936, as a part of the massive restructuring and development project of City Park that took place in the 1930s.", "New Orleans Botanical Garden __knowledge__ Although development plans for the new City Park were originally chosen in 1930, it was not until the mid-1930s that funding came from the Works Progress Administration, which administered the $12 million project that employed nearly 20,000 workers in New Orleans City Park.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ The cottage garden is a distinct style that uses informal design, traditional materials, dense plantings, and a mixture of ornamental and edible plants.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ English in origin, it depends on grace and charm rather than grandeur and formal structure.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ Homely and functional gardens connected to working-class cottages go back centuries, but their stylized reinvention occurred in 1870s England, as a reaction to the more structured, rigorously maintained estate gardens with their formal designs and mass plantings of greenhouse annuals.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ The earliest cottage gardens were more practical than today's, with emphasis on vegetables and herbs, fruit trees, perhaps a beehive, and even livestock.", "Flower __knowledge__ A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms).", "Flower __knowledge__ The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.", "Flower __knowledge__ Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower).", "Flower __knowledge__ Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy).", "Flower __knowledge__ Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop.", "Rose show __knowledge__ A rose show is a horticultural exhibition focusing exclusively on roses.", "Rose show __knowledge__ Initially in the UK roses were exhibited in general flower shows such as those run by the Royal Horticultural Society.", "Rose show __knowledge__ Judges were appointed by whoever sponsored the show, and were not necessarily rosarians themselves.", "Rose show __knowledge__ The first Grand National specialty rose show was held July 1, 1858, in St. James Hall, London.", "Rose show __knowledge__ It was organized by S. Reynolds Hole, Dean of Rochester Cathedral and a prominent rosarian, Thomas Rivers, a nurseryman and publisher of the first catalog of roses (1834) in the UK, Charles Turner, a rosarian, and William Paul, a writer and nurseryman.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ Brooklyn Botanic Garden (BBG) is a botanical garden in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ Founded in 1910, and located in the Prospect Park neighborhood, the garden includes a number of specialty \"gardens within the Garden\", plant collections and the Steinhardt Conservatory, which houses the C. V. Starr Bonsai Museum, three climate-themed plant pavilions, a white cast-iron and glass aquatic plant house, and an art gallery.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ The Garden holds over 14,000 taxa of plants and each year has over 900,000 visitors.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ Early plans for Prospect Park called for the park to straddle Flatbush Avenue.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ The City of Brooklyn purchased the land for this purpose in 1864." ] ]

[ 1, 28, 58 ]

[ "I love roses! They are my favorite flower. They are a woody perennial.", "I enjoy the smell also. Garden roses are one of the most popular flowering plants.", "Even the early civilizations grew roses. Even 5000 years ago they loved roses!" ]

[ "Rose", "Rose", "Rose" ]

[ "Fishing vessel", "that sounds like fun. ive always wanted a boat", "No, i have been on a regular boat. it just had a small motor on the back. not sure what that is considered to be" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ It is difficult to estimate the number of recreational fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ They range in size from small dinghies to large charter cruisers, and unlike commercial fishing vessels, are often not dedicated just to fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Prior to the 1950s there was little standardisation of fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Designs could vary between ports and boatyards.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Traditionally boats were built of wood, but wood is not often used now because it has higher maintenance costs and lower durability.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Fibreglass is used increasingly in smaller fishing vessels up to 25 metres (100 tons), while steel is usually used on vessels above 25 metres." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ It is difficult to estimate the number of recreational fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ They range in size from small dinghies to large charter cruisers, and unlike commercial fishing vessels, are often not dedicated just to fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Prior to the 1950s there was little standardisation of fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Designs could vary between ports and boatyards.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Traditionally boats were built of wood, but wood is not often used now because it has higher maintenance costs and lower durability.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Fibreglass is used increasingly in smaller fishing vessels up to 25 metres (100 tons), while steel is usually used on vessels above 25 metres.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Sir Jonathan Paul \"Jony\" Ive, (born 27 February 1967), is an English industrial designer who is currently the chief design officer (CDO) of Apple and chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ While working for a design firm in London he was asked by Apple, then a struggling company, to create a look for a new laptop.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ He took the design to Apple and was hired immediately.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive oversees the Apple Industrial Design Group and also provides leadership and direction for Human Interface software teams across the company.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive is the designer of many of Apple's hardware and software products.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive has received a number of accolades for his work.", "Colby Miller __knowledge__ Colby Miller (born February 19, 1980) is an MTV VJ for MTV Asia.", "Colby Miller __knowledge__ He began his career as an MTV VJ after winning the Philippine MTV VJ Hunt 2005.", "Colby Miller __knowledge__ Miller was born in Spanaway, Washington.", "Colby Miller __knowledge__ He graduated in 2004 from Central Washington University with a degree in Biology.", "Colby Miller __knowledge__ He was born to an American father of German and Irish descent and a Filipina mother.", "Colby Miller __knowledge__ Miller began his career as an MTV VJ after winning the Philippine MTV VJ Hunt 2005.", "Colby Miller __knowledge__ He also won the first ever ASEAN MTV VJ Hunt held in Bali, Indonesia, where he competed against other winners of MTV VJ Hunts from around the region.", "Colby Miller __knowledge__ Colby is currently based in Singapore where he hosts for MTV Asia in shows such as \"Pop Inc\".", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Luke O'Brien __knowledge__ Luke O'Brien (born 11 September 1988) is an ex English professional footballer who plays for Shelf United Born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, on 11 September 1988, O'Brien attended Holy Trinity Senior School in the town.", "Luke O'Brien __knowledge__ His younger brother, Adam O'Brien, is a rugby league player with Huddersfield Giants .", "Luke O'Brien __knowledge__ O'Brien grew up as a Bradford City fan and joined the club's Centre Of Excellence when he was eight-years-old, and signed professional terms at the age of 18.", "Luke O'Brien __knowledge__ He was twice awarded The David Bairstow Trophy which is given to a young player at the club (Under 8's to Under 16's) who have excelled themselves.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "St Ive __knowledge__ St Ive ( ; ) is a village and civil parish in eastern Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The village is split into four parts: St Ive Church End, St Ive Cross, St Ive Keason and St Ive Parkfield.", "St Ive __knowledge__ In addition to the Parish an electoral ward exists stretching north of St Ive.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The population at the 2011 census was 4,246.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The parish used to be a large rural area of rolling landscape with wooded valleys and the population was sparse with the largest village being St Ive itself, sited on the A390.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The hamlet of Woolston lies to the northwest of St Ive.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The demography of the parish was radically altered with the mid-Victorian mining boom centred on Caradon Hill.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ There are two major sources of fish in Uganda; one is from aquaculture, the other from fishing in rivers and lakes.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ The latter has made up the largest and most significant share of all fishing.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ Open water covers 15.3 percent of Uganda's surface and comprises five major lakes (Lake Victoria, Lake Albert (Africa), Lake Kyoga, Lake Edward and Lake George (Uganda) which are the main sources of fish in the country.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ Lake Victoria continues to be the most important water body in Uganda both in size and contribution to the total fish catch, followed by Lake Albert and Lake Kyoga.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ Uganda's main sources of fish supply for both the domestic and export markets are the districts on Lake Victoria, particularly Mukono, Mpigi, Kalangala, Masaka and Luwero.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Aberdeen floating village __knowledge__ Aberdeen floating village () is located at the Aberdeen Harbour in the Southern District of Hong Kong.", "Aberdeen floating village __knowledge__ The harbour contains approximately 600 junks, which house an estimated 6,000 people.", "Aberdeen floating village __knowledge__ Since the 19th century, Aberdeen has emerged as one of the most important fishing ports in Hong Kong.", "Aberdeen floating village __knowledge__ Now in Aberdeen, as the catering and tourism industries are on the rise, so is the demand for seafood.", "Aberdeen floating village __knowledge__ In the past two decades, the population of the Aberbeen Floating Village community has decreased due to rapid fisheries development in the nearby Guangdong Province and the increase in operating costs of the fishing industry in Hong Kong.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ Lake Erie (); is the fourth-largest lake (by surface area) of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the eleventh-largest globally if measured in terms of surface area.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ It is the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes and therefore also has the shortest average water residence time.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ At its deepest point Lake Erie is deep.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ Situated on the International Boundary between Canada and the United States, Lake Erie's northern shore is the Canadian province of Ontario, with the U.S. states of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York on its western, southern and eastern shores." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ It is difficult to estimate the number of recreational fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ They range in size from small dinghies to large charter cruisers, and unlike commercial fishing vessels, are often not dedicated just to fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Prior to the 1950s there was little standardisation of fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Designs could vary between ports and boatyards.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Traditionally boats were built of wood, but wood is not often used now because it has higher maintenance costs and lower durability.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Fibreglass is used increasingly in smaller fishing vessels up to 25 metres (100 tons), while steel is usually used on vessels above 25 metres.", "Motor controller __knowledge__ A motor controller is a device or group of devices that serves to govern in some predetermined manner the performance of an electric motor.", "Motor controller __knowledge__ A motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and protecting against overloads and faults.", "Motor controller __knowledge__ There are many types of starters : 1) Direct On Line (DOL) 2) Star delta starter 3) Auto transformer starter Every electric motor has to have some sort of controller.", "Motor controller __knowledge__ The motor controller will have differing features and complexity depending on the task that the motor will be performing.", "Motor unit __knowledge__ A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by that motor neuron's axonal terminals.", "Motor unit __knowledge__ Groups of motor units often work together to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle; all of the motor units within a muscle are considered a motor pool.", "Motor unit __knowledge__ The concept was proposed by Charles Scott Sherrington.", "Motor unit __knowledge__ All muscle fibres in a motor unit are of the same fibre type.", "Motor unit __knowledge__ When a motor unit is activated, all of its fibres contract.", "Motor unit __knowledge__ In vertebrates, the force of a muscle contraction is controlled by the number of activated motor units.", "Motor unit __knowledge__ The number of muscle fibers within each unit can vary within a particular muscle and even more from muscle to muscle; the muscles that act on the largest body masses have motor units that contain more muscle fibers, whereas smaller muscles contain fewer muscle fibers in each motor unit.", "St Nazaire Raid __knowledge__ The St Nazaire Raid or Operation \"Chariot\" was a successful British amphibious attack on the heavily defended Normandie dry dock at St Nazaire in German-occupied France during the Second World War.", "St Nazaire Raid __knowledge__ The operation was undertaken by the Royal Navy and British Commandos under the auspices of Combined Operations Headquarters on 28 March 1942.", "St Nazaire Raid __knowledge__ St Nazaire was targeted because the loss of its dry dock would force any large German warship in need of repairs, such as the 's sister ship , to return to home waters via either the English Channel or the GIUK gap, both of which were heavily defended by British units including the Royal Navy's Home Fleet, rather than having a haven available on the Atlantic coast in Nazi-occupied France.", "Motor unit recruitment __knowledge__ Motor unit recruitment refers to the activation of additional motor units to accomplish an increase in contractile strength in a muscle.", "Motor unit recruitment __knowledge__ A motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates.", "Motor unit recruitment __knowledge__ All muscles consist of a number of motor units and the fibers belonging to a motor unit are dispersed and intermingle amongst fibers of other units.", "Motor unit recruitment __knowledge__ The muscle fibers belonging to one motor unit can be spread throughout part, or most of the entire muscle, depending on the number of fibers and size of the muscle.", "Motor unit recruitment __knowledge__ When a motor neuron is activated, all of the muscle fibers innervated by the motor neuron are stimulated and contract.", "Battle of Queenston Heights __knowledge__ The Battle of Queenston Heights was the first major battle in the War of 1812 and resulted in a British victory.", "Battle of Queenston Heights __knowledge__ It took place on 13 October 1812, near Queenston, Upper Canada (the present-day province of Ontario).", "Battle of Queenston Heights __knowledge__ It was fought between United States regulars and New York militia forces led by Major General Stephen Van Rensselaer, and British regulars, York and Lincoln militia and Mohawk warriors led by Major General Isaac Brock, and Major General Roger Hale Sheaffe, who took command when Brock was killed.", "Battle of Queenston Heights __knowledge__ The battle was fought as the result of an American attempt to establish a foothold on the Canadian side of the Niagara River before campaigning ended with the onset of winter.", "PT boat __knowledge__ A PT boat (short for \"Patrol Torpedo boat\") was a torpedo-armed fast attack craft used by the United States Navy in World War II.", "PT boat __knowledge__ It was small, fast, and inexpensive to build, valued for its maneuverability and speed but hampered at the beginning of the war by ineffective torpedoes, limited armament, and comparatively fragile construction that limited some of the variants to coastal waters.", "PT boat __knowledge__ The PT boat was very different from the first generation of torpedo boat, which had been developed at the end of the 19th century and featured a displacement hull form.", "PT boat __knowledge__ These first generation torpedo boats rode low in the water, displaced up to 300 tons, and had a top speed of .", "Electric bicycle __knowledge__ An electric bicycle, also known as an e-bike, powerbike or booster bike, is a bicycle with an integrated electric motor which can be used for propulsion.", "Electric bicycle __knowledge__ Many kinds of e-bikes are available worldwide, from e-bikes that only have a small motor to assist the rider's pedal-power (i.e., pedelecs) to somewhat more powerful e-bikes which tend closer to moped-style functionality: all, however, retain the ability to be pedalled by the rider and are therefore not electric motorcycles.", "Electric bicycle __knowledge__ E-bikes use rechargeable batteries and the lighter varieties can travel up to , depending on the laws of the country in which they are sold, while the more high-powered varieties can often do in excess of .", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) is a general term to describe systems that are used in commercial fishing to allow environmental and fisheries regulatory organizations to track and monitor the activities of fishing vessels.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ They are a key part of monitoring control and surveillance (MCS) programs at national and international levels.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ VMS may be used to monitor vessels in the territorial waters of a country or a subdivision of a country, or in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) that extend 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) from the coasts of many countries.", "Vessel monitoring system __knowledge__ VMS systems are used to improve the management and sustainability of the marine environment, through ensuring proper fishing practices and the prevention of illegal fishing, and thus protect and enhance the livelihoods of fishermen.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins (520 F.3d 976) is a 2008 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit concerning civil forfeiture in admiralty law.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ Judge Stephen Reinhardt wrote for a three-judge panel that ordered that the shark fins be returned to their owners, reversing a decision by the Southern District of California.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ The government did not appeal the case further.", "United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins __knowledge__ The case began in 2002 when a Coast Guard crew working from a Navy ship stopped and searched the \"King Diamond II\", a U.S.-flagged, Hong Kong-based vessel in international waters off the coast of Guatemala.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ Lake Erie (); is the fourth-largest lake (by surface area) of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the eleventh-largest globally if measured in terms of surface area.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ It is the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes and therefore also has the shortest average water residence time.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ At its deepest point Lake Erie is deep.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ Situated on the International Boundary between Canada and the United States, Lake Erie's northern shore is the Canadian province of Ontario, with the U.S. states of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York on its western, southern and eastern shores.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the practice of catching fish.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ It is a pre-historic practice dating back at least 40,000 years.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as shellfish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term is not usually applied to catching aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or to farmed fish." ] ]

[ 1, 8, 13 ]

[ "I own a boat and we love to go fishing and catch fish on weekends!", "Have you ever been on a fishing vessel? We mostly fish for recreational purposes, but we see a lot of commercial fishing vessels while we're out on the water.", "Ahh it can still be considered a fishing vessel, I would think, as long as you fished out of it :P Most of the smaller boats are made of fiberglass." ]

[ "Fishing vessel", "Fishing vessel", "Fishing vessel" ]

[ "Adoption", "Yeah? That must be nice! Are they excited about it?", "Yes I can't imagine. It must be hard for the kids real parents. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents, and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parent or parents.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption can be done by a couple or an individual person but children have to be 14 years younger and the adoptive parents can not have been legally incapacitated.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption; where others have tried to achieve adoption through less formal means, notably via contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.", "Adoption __knowledge__ While the modern form of adoption emerged in the United States, forms of the practice appeared throughout history.", "Adoption __knowledge__ The Code of Hammurabi, for example, details the rights of adopters and the responsibilities of adopted individuals at length." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents, and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parent or parents.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption can be done by a couple or an individual person but children have to be 14 years younger and the adoptive parents can not have been legally incapacitated.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption; where others have tried to achieve adoption through less formal means, notably via contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.", "Adoption __knowledge__ While the modern form of adoption emerged in the United States, forms of the practice appeared throughout history.", "Adoption __knowledge__ The Code of Hammurabi, for example, details the rights of adopters and the responsibilities of adopted individuals at length.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Jumping-Jupiter scenario __knowledge__ The jumping-Jupiter scenario specifies an evolution of giant-planet migration described by the Nice model, in which an ice giant (Uranus, Neptune, or an additional Neptune-mass planet) is scattered inward by Saturn and outward by Jupiter, causing the step-wise separation of their orbits.", "Jumping-Jupiter scenario __knowledge__ The jumping-Jupiter scenario was proposed by Ramon Brasser, Alessandro Morbidelli, Rodney Gomes, Kleomenis Tsiganis, and Harold Levison after their studies revealed that the smooth divergent migration of Jupiter and Saturn resulted in an inner Solar System significantly different from the current Solar System.", "Jumping-Jupiter scenario __knowledge__ The sweeping of secular resonances through the inner Solar System during the migration excited the eccentricities of the terrestrial planets beyond current values and left an asteroid belt with an excessive ratio of high- to low-inclination objects.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 23, 2004, by Arista Records.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004, with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri, along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon, among others.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Primarily an R&B album, \"Confessions\" showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos, incorporating musical genres of dance-pop, hip hop and crunk.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ The album's themes generated controversy about Usher's personal relationships; however, the album's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects Dupri's own personal story.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ As the World Turns is a long-running soap opera television series that aired on CBS from April 2, 1956, to September 17, 2010.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ Its fictional world has a long and involved history.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ List of characters who were part of the original cast: Like many daytime dramas of the period, the show entered into a mixed experiment with heavily youth-oriented action-adventure storylines in the early 1980s under producer Mary-Ellis Bunim and writers Bridget and Jerome Dobson.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ One of their juiciest stories centered around the various and sundry traumas endured by Jennifer's daughter Barbara Ryan (Colleen Zenk Pinter) - during the years of her marriage to the charismatic criminal James Stenbeck (Anthony Herrera) (This was after she had left Tom Hughes at the altar in June 1980).", "International adoption __knowledge__ International adoption (also referred to as intercountry adoption or transnational adoption) is a type of adoption in which an individual or couple becomes the legal and permanent parent(s) of a child who is a national of a different country.", "International adoption __knowledge__ In general, prospective adoptive parents must meet the legal adoption requirements of their country of residence and those of the country whose nationality the child holds.", "International adoption __knowledge__ International adoption is not the same thing as transcultural or interracial adoption.", "International adoption __knowledge__ However, the fact is that a family will often become a transcultural or interracial family upon the adoption of a child internationally.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ The international adoption of South Korean children was triggered by casualties of the Korean War after 1953.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ The initiative was taken by religious organizations in the United States, Australia, and many Western European nations, and eventually developed into various apparatus that sustained adoption as a socially integrated system.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ A 1988 article which was originally in The Progressive and reprinted in Pound Pup Legacy said that fewer than one percent of Korean adoptees adopted now are Amerasian, but most of the Korean adoptees for the decade after the Korean War were Amerasians who were fathered by American soldiers.", "Same-sex adoption in Brazil __knowledge__ Same-sex adoption in Brazil is legal according to the Superior Court of Justice of Brazil, as stated in a court decision on April 27, 2010.", "Same-sex adoption in Brazil __knowledge__ The change was a milestone in the country's LGBT history.", "Same-sex adoption in Brazil __knowledge__ The ministers (Justices) underlined that neither the Statute of Children and Adolescents of 1990, nor the Civil Code of 2002, much less the Federal Constitution of 1988, define any restrictions as to gender, marital status or sexual orientation the adopter.", "Same-sex adoption in Brazil __knowledge__ On August 16, 2010, the minister (Justice) Marco Aurélio Mello, of the STF (Supreme Federal Court of Brazil), ruled in favor of a same-sex couple, formed by a British citizen and a Brazilian, in the state of Paraná.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "Guiding Light (1980–89) __knowledge__ The Guiding Light (\"GL\") is the longest-running American television soap opera.", "Guiding Light (1980–89) __knowledge__ This article covers the show in the 1980s.", "Guiding Light (1980–89) __knowledge__ The 1980s was a time of many transitions and many firsts for the show.", "Guiding Light (1980–89) __knowledge__ In 1980, the Dobsons were moved to \"As the World Turns\", and were replaced by Douglas Marland.", "Guiding Light (1980–89) __knowledge__ Marland had written for such veteran soap writers as Agnes Nixon and Irna Phillips (the creator of \"The Guiding Light\") and had written on his own, as well as acted on \"As the World Turns\" in the early 1970s.", "Guiding Light (1980–89) __knowledge__ From January 1980 to June 1982, Marland, as head writer, wanted to bring \"Guiding Light\" back to its roots and abide by the show's \"bible\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents, and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parent or parents.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption can be done by a couple or an individual person but children have to be 14 years younger and the adoptive parents can not have been legally incapacitated.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption; where others have tried to achieve adoption through less formal means, notably via contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.", "Adoption __knowledge__ While the modern form of adoption emerged in the United States, forms of the practice appeared throughout history.", "Adoption __knowledge__ The Code of Hammurabi, for example, details the rights of adopters and the responsibilities of adopted individuals at length.", "List of Scooby-Doo characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Scooby-Doo\" characters.", "List of Scooby-Doo characters __knowledge__ Scooby-Doo is an American animated franchise based around several animated television series and animated, as well as live action, movies.", "List of Scooby-Doo characters __knowledge__ There are five main characters in the franchise: Scooby-Doo, Shaggy Rogers, Fred Jones, Velma Dinkley, and Daphne Blake—known as \"Mystery Incorporated\".", "List of Scooby-Doo characters __knowledge__ There are also several recurring characters throughout the franchise, including their parents, friends, allies, and enemies.", "List of Scooby-Doo characters __knowledge__ The original series, \"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You?", "List of Scooby-Doo characters __knowledge__ \", premiered in 1969, and has spawned off many follow-up series, and several direct-to-DVD movies.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ This is the list of both known major and minor characters for the animated television series \"Di-Gata Defenders\".", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ Some of them have magical abilities.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ At the age of fourteen, Seth is the leader of the Di-Gata defenders.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He is skilled, confident, charismatic, creative, and decisive.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ However, he is also impatient in battle and headstrong.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He also likes to eat, which he can do with his eyes closed, and tends to succumb to nausea more than the others due to his weak stomach.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He controls the Nova Stone, a powerful Champion Stone which once belonged to his father.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ As the leader of the Defenders, he tries to be careful with those he trusts, for the past errors they have had (especially with Kali).", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is an American fantasy-drama television series picked up by The CW for their fall 2013 schedule, after a backdoor pilot for the series aired as an episode of The CW television series \"The Vampire Diaries\" in April 2013.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It is a spin-off of \"The Vampire Diaries\", sharing a universe with its predecessor.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It centers on three Mikaelson siblings, Klaus (Joseph Morgan), Elijah (Daniel Gillies), and Rebekah (Claire Holt), collectively known as \"original vampires\", or simply the \"originals\".", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is set in the city of New Orleans.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It was created by Julie Plec.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of series regulars who have appeared in one or more of the series' four seasons.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders episodes __knowledge__ Between the Megalith and Ethos Sagas, there are a total of 52 episodes of \"Di-Gata Defenders\".", "List of Di-Gata Defenders episodes __knowledge__ Dates shown are original airdates on Teletoon.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders episodes __knowledge__ The first three episodes were shown as a 90-minute sneak preview on August 5, 2006.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders episodes __knowledge__ The Defenders' secret training is interrupted when an earthquake signals that the monstrously evil Megalith is breaking free.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders episodes __knowledge__ Their mentor, Professor Alnar reveals to them that their training will not be completed.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders episodes __knowledge__ They must immediately embark on a dangerous mission to re-imprison the Megalith by recovering the four Pure Stones.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders episodes __knowledge__ Before the Defenders can leave the Dojo and start on their epic quest they are attacked by a vicious Rock Serpent and must face their first full on Di-Gata Battle!", "Sylar __knowledge__ Sylar (Gabriel Gray) is a fictional character and a primary antagonist of the NBC science fiction drama series \"Heroes\".", "Sylar __knowledge__ Portrayed by Zachary Quinto, he is a superpowered serial killer who targets other superhumans in order to steal their powers.", "Sylar __knowledge__ He served as the primary villain of the first season and then as a recurring antagonist.", "Sylar __knowledge__ Over the course of seasons two, three and four, the writers depicted Sylar attempting at various times and under different circumstances to become a hero or curb his desire to kill, undergoing relapses at various stages.", "Sylar __knowledge__ In the series' penultimate episode he experienced over three years of penitence within a mental prison, and later identifies himself as a hero in what became the show's series finale due to cancellation.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ \"This article on refers to Adoption within the Philippine context.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ For the general term, see Adoption.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Adoption in the Philippines is a process of granting social, emotional and legal family and kinship membership to an individual from the Philippines, usually a child.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ It involves a transfer of parental rights and obligations and provides family membership.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) defines adoption as a \"socio-legal process of giving a permanent family to a child whose parents have voluntarily or involuntarily given up their parental rights.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Philippine Republic Act 8552, also known as the Domestic Adoption Act of 1998, recognizes that children should grow up with their biological parents; however, should the efforts of biological parents to raise their child be insufficient, other members of the extended family may take on the responsibility of parenthood for the child.", "International adoption __knowledge__ International adoption (also referred to as intercountry adoption or transnational adoption) is a type of adoption in which an individual or couple becomes the legal and permanent parent(s) of a child who is a national of a different country.", "International adoption __knowledge__ In general, prospective adoptive parents must meet the legal adoption requirements of their country of residence and those of the country whose nationality the child holds.", "International adoption __knowledge__ International adoption is not the same thing as transcultural or interracial adoption.", "International adoption __knowledge__ However, the fact is that a family will often become a transcultural or interracial family upon the adoption of a child internationally.", "Open adoption __knowledge__ Open adoption is a form of adoption in which the biological and adoptive families have access to varying degrees of each other's personal information and have an option of contact.", "Open adoption __knowledge__ In Open Adoption, the adoptive parents hold all the rights as the legal parents, yet the individuals of the biological and adoptive families may exercise the option to open the contact in varying forms: from just sending mail and/or photos, to face-to-face visits between birth and adoptive families.", "Open adoption __knowledge__ Although open adoptions are thought to be a relatively new phenomenon, in fact most adoptions in the United States were open until the twentieth century.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ The international adoption of South Korean children was triggered by casualties of the Korean War after 1953.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ The initiative was taken by religious organizations in the United States, Australia, and many Western European nations, and eventually developed into various apparatus that sustained adoption as a socially integrated system.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ A 1988 article which was originally in The Progressive and reprinted in Pound Pup Legacy said that fewer than one percent of Korean adoptees adopted now are Amerasian, but most of the Korean adoptees for the decade after the Korean War were Amerasians who were fathered by American soldiers.", "Closed adoption __knowledge__ Closed adoption (also called \"confidential\" adoption and sometimes \"secret\" adoption) is a process by which an infant is adopted by another family, and the record of the biological parent(s) is kept sealed.", "Closed adoption __knowledge__ Often, the biological father is not recorded—even on the original birth certificate.", "Closed adoption __knowledge__ An adoption of an older child who already knows his or her biological parent(s) cannot be made closed or secret.", "Closed adoption __knowledge__ This used to be the most traditional and popular type of adoption, peaking in the decades of the post-World War II Baby Scoop Era.", "Closed adoption __knowledge__ It still exists today, but it exists alongside the practice of open adoption.", "Adoption in the United States __knowledge__ Adoption is permanently placing a person under the age of 18 with a parent or parents other than the birth parents in the United States.", "Adoption in the United States __knowledge__ Adoptions in the United States may be either domestic or from another country.", "Adoption in the United States __knowledge__ Domestic adoptions can be arranged either through a state agency, an adoption agency, or independently.", "Adoption in the United States __knowledge__ Adoption agencies must be licensed by the state in which they operate.", "Adoption in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. government maintains a website, Child Welfare Information Gateway, which lists each state's licensed agencies.", "Adoption in the United States __knowledge__ There are both private and public adoption agencies.", "Adoption in the United States __knowledge__ Private adoption agencies often focus on infant adoptions, while public adoption agencies typically help find homes for waiting children, many of them presently in foster care and in need of a permanent loving home." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 5 ]

[ "We have a couple that we know that just adopted a child.", "I think they are just relieved at this point - it's such an undertaking to permanently transfer all the rights and responsibilities from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.", "With modern adoption now they are so governed by statues and regulations to protect both sides. The biological parents of this particular child were drug abusers." ]

[ "Adoption", "Adoption", "Adoption" ]

[ "Unemployment", "I was unemployed not to long ago. I had to send out a lot of resumes to finally land something.", "That seems like a high number but I am not sure what the average is. Is that considered high?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Unemployment __knowledge__ The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ According to International Labour Organization report, more than 200 million people globally or 6% of the world's workforce were without a job in 2012.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ The causes of unemployment are heavily debated.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ Classical economics, new classical economics, and the Austrian School of economics argued that market mechanisms are reliable means of resolving unemployment.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ These theories argue against interventions imposed on the labor market from the outside, such as unionization, bureaucratic work rules, minimum wage laws, taxes, and other regulations that they claim discourage the hiring of workers.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ Keynesian economics emphasizes the cyclical nature of unemployment and recommends government interventions in the economy that it claims will reduce unemployment during recessions.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ This theory focuses on recurrent shocks that suddenly reduce aggregate demand for goods and services and thus reduce demand for workers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Unemployment __knowledge__ The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ According to International Labour Organization report, more than 200 million people globally or 6% of the world's workforce were without a job in 2012.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ The causes of unemployment are heavily debated.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ Classical economics, new classical economics, and the Austrian School of economics argued that market mechanisms are reliable means of resolving unemployment.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ These theories argue against interventions imposed on the labor market from the outside, such as unionization, bureaucratic work rules, minimum wage laws, taxes, and other regulations that they claim discourage the hiring of workers.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ Keynesian economics emphasizes the cyclical nature of unemployment and recommends government interventions in the economy that it claims will reduce unemployment during recessions.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ This theory focuses on recurrent shocks that suddenly reduce aggregate demand for goods and services and thus reduce demand for workers.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the various characters throughout the Japanese tokusatsu series \"Garo\", not including the Horrors, a breed of demonic beings that make for most of the series antagonists.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The various holders of the title are the main characters of the franchise, armed with the blade.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The Garo title, based on the word for \"hope\" in the old Makai language, is traditionally associated with the Saezima family.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ For reasons yet to be explained, the man who takes the title of Garo is often regarded to be the strongest Knight, widely known throughout the Makai community.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is however, not a formal ranking in itself and no preferential treatment is given to the said Knight, as evident with Kouga in \"\" who was in service for years before being promoted to be a Knight serving under the Senate.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "Employment discrimination __knowledge__ Employment discrimination is a form of discrimination based on race, gender, religion, national origin, physical or mental disability, age, sexual orientation, and gender identity by employers.", "Employment discrimination __knowledge__ Earnings differentials or occupational differentiation is not in and of itself evidence of employment discrimination.", "Employment discrimination __knowledge__ Discrimination can be intended and involve disparate treatment of a group or be unintended, yet create disparate impact for a group.", "Employment discrimination __knowledge__ In neoclassical economics theory, labor market discrimination is defined as the different treatment of two equally qualified individuals on account of their gender, race, age, disability, religion, etc.", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ According to the online comic on NBC.com, Hiro is named after Hiroshima, so that his family will always remember the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ Tim Kring has been quoted as saying, \"It's no coincidence we named him Hiro... he truly is on a hero's quest.\"", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ To this end, his name is often used as a pun.", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ His co-worker and best friend Ando once called him \"Super-Hiro\" in jest.", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ Hiro was one of the last main characters to be created by Tim Kring; he was added to the pilot episode after Kring's wife noticed none of the existing main characters were happy about their powers.", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ During a panel session, Kring explained that he developed Hiro as a comic book geek \"trapped in a life that was kind of not of his making\".", "Unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ Unemployment in the United States discusses the causes and measures of U.S. unemployment and strategies for reducing it.", "Unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ Job creation and unemployment are affected by factors such as economic conditions, global competition, education, automation, and demographics.", "Unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ These factors can affect the number of workers, the duration of unemployment, and wage levels.", "Unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ Unemployment generally falls during periods of economic prosperity and rises during recessions, creating significant pressure on public finances as tax revenue falls and social safety net costs increase.", "Unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ Government spending and taxation decisions (fiscal policy) and U.S. Federal Reserve interest rate adjustments (monetary policy) are important tools for managing the unemployment rate.", "Recession __knowledge__ In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction which results in a general slowdown in economic activity.", "Recession __knowledge__ Macroeconomic indicators such as GDP (gross domestic product), investment spending, capacity utilization, household income, business profits, and inflation fall, while bankruptcies and the unemployment rate rise.", "Recession __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, it is defined as a negative economic growth for two consecutive quarters.", "Recession __knowledge__ Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending (an adverse demand shock).", "Recession __knowledge__ This may be triggered by various events, such as a financial crisis, an external trade shock, an adverse supply shock or the bursting of an economic bubble.", "Unemployment benefits __knowledge__ Unemployment benefits (depending on the jurisdiction also called unemployment insurance or unemployment compensation) are payments made by the state or other authorized bodies to unemployed people.", "Unemployment benefits __knowledge__ In the United States, benefits are funded by a compulsory governmental insurance system, not taxes on individual citizens.", "Unemployment benefits __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction and the status of the person, those sums may be small, covering only basic needs, or may compensate the lost time proportionally to the previous earned salary.", "Unemployment benefits __knowledge__ Unemployment benefits are generally given only to those registering as unemployed, and often on conditions ensuring that they seek work and do not currently have a job, and are validated as being laid off and not fired for cause in most states.", "History of macroeconomic thought __knowledge__ Macroeconomic theory has its origins in the study of business cycles and monetary theory.", "History of macroeconomic thought __knowledge__ In general, early theorists believed monetary factors could not affect real factors such as real output.", "History of macroeconomic thought __knowledge__ John Maynard Keynes attacked some of these \"classical\" theories and produced a general theory that described the whole economy in terms of aggregates rather than individual, microeconomic parts.", "History of macroeconomic thought __knowledge__ Attempting to explain unemployment and recessions, he noticed the tendency for people and businesses to hoard cash and avoid investment during a recession.", "History of macroeconomic thought __knowledge__ He argued that this invalidated the assumptions of classical economists who thought that markets always clear, leaving no surplus of goods and no willing labor left idle.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ Causes of Unemployment in the United States discusses the causes of U.S. unemployment and strategies for reducing it.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ Job creation and unemployment are affected by factors such as economic conditions, global competition, education, automation, and demographics.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ These factors can affect the number of workers, the duration of unemployment, and wage levels.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ There are a variety of domestic, foreign, market and government factors that impact unemployment in the United States.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ These may be characterized as cyclical (related to the business cycle) or structural (related to underlying economic characteristics) and include, among others: There are many domestic factors affecting the U.S. labor force and employment levels.", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ The economy of the United States is a highly developed mixed economy.", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ It is the world's largest economy by nominal GDP and second largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ It has the world's seventh-highest per capita GDP (nominal) and eleventh-highest per capita GDP (PPP) in 2016.", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world's foremost reserve currency, backed by its science and technology, its military, the full faith of the US government to reimburse its debts, its central role in a range of international institutions since World War II and the petrodollar system." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Unemployment __knowledge__ The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ According to International Labour Organization report, more than 200 million people globally or 6% of the world's workforce were without a job in 2012.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ The causes of unemployment are heavily debated.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ Classical economics, new classical economics, and the Austrian School of economics argued that market mechanisms are reliable means of resolving unemployment.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ These theories argue against interventions imposed on the labor market from the outside, such as unionization, bureaucratic work rules, minimum wage laws, taxes, and other regulations that they claim discourage the hiring of workers.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ Keynesian economics emphasizes the cyclical nature of unemployment and recommends government interventions in the economy that it claims will reduce unemployment during recessions.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ This theory focuses on recurrent shocks that suddenly reduce aggregate demand for goods and services and thus reduce demand for workers.", "High tech __knowledge__ High technology, often abbreviated to high tech (adjective forms high-technology, high-tech or hi-tech) is technology that is at the cutting edge: the most advanced technology available.", "High tech __knowledge__ As of the onset of the 21st century, products considered high tech are often those that incorporate advanced computer electronics.", "High tech __knowledge__ However, there is no specific class of technology that is high tech—the definition shifts and evolves over time—so products hyped as high-tech in the past may now be considered to be everyday or even outdated technology.", "High tech __knowledge__ The opposite of high tech is \"low technology\", referring to simple, often traditional or mechanical technology; for example, a calculator is a low-tech calculating device.", "Hollywood Hills West, Los Angeles __knowledge__ Hollywood Hills West is an urban neighborhood within Central Los Angeles, California.", "Hollywood Hills West, Los Angeles __knowledge__ There are three city parks and one elementary school.", "Hollywood Hills West, Los Angeles __knowledge__ Hollywood Hills West touches Studio City on the north, Hollywood Hills on the east, Hollywood and West Hollywood on the south and Beverly Hills and Beverly Crest on the west.", "Hollywood Hills West, Los Angeles __knowledge__ The neighborhood is bisected by Laurel Canyon Boulevard and is bordered on the east by Outpost Drive and on the south by an irregular line that includes Franklin Avenue, Fairfax Avenue and Sunset Boulevard, or the West Hollywood city limits.", "Hollywood Hills West, Los Angeles __knowledge__ On the west the neighborhood ends at the Beverly Hills city line (Trousdale Estates, and on the north it stops at Mulholland Drive.", "List of death row inmates in the United States __knowledge__ As of January 1, 2018, there were 2,816 death row inmates in the United States.", "List of death row inmates in the United States __knowledge__ The number of death row inmates changes daily with new convictions, appellate decisions overturning conviction or sentence alone, commutations, or deaths (through execution or otherwise).", "List of death row inmates in the United States __knowledge__ Due to this fluctuation as well as lag and inconsistencies in inmate reporting procedures across jurisdictions, the information in this article may be out of date.", "List of death row inmates in the United States __knowledge__ Comparatively, the U.S. population is 66.9% non-Hispanic white, 9% black, 16.3% Hispanic or Latino, 4.7% Asian, 0.9% Native American, and 2.1% mixed or other.", "List of death row inmates in the United States __knowledge__ Comparatively, 50.79% of the U.S. population is female, and 49.21% is male (2014).", "High-speed rail in China __knowledge__ High-speed rail (HSR) in China is officially defined as passenger-dedicated railways designed to carry multiple unit trains at speeds of .", "High-speed rail in China __knowledge__ Certain mixed use freight and passenger rail lines, that can be upgraded for train speeds of 250 km/h, with current passenger service of at least , are also considered high-speed rail.", "High-speed rail in China __knowledge__ The country's HSR network, which in 2016 extended to 29 of the country's 33 provincial-level administrative divisions and exceeded in 2017 in total length, accounted for about two-thirds of the world's high-speed rail tracks in commercial service.", "High-speed rail in China __knowledge__ The world's longest HSR network is also the most extensively used, with 1.713 billion trips delivered in 2017 bringing the total cumulative number of trips to 7 billion.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Tanja von Lahnstein (née Wittkamp, formerly von Anstetten, Rai and von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by actress Miriam Lahnstein.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on-screen on 21 June 1995 and left after three years in May 1998.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein returned to the role in 2001, where she was seen from 24 April to 5 October.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She came back another three years later and reappeared on 16 April 2004.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein left the show for a short time, while being on contract, from June 2005 to March 2006 and from March to December 2007 during the pregnancy of her two children.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ The Portuguese Navy (, also known as \"Marinha de Guerra Portuguesa\" or as \"Armada Portuguesa\") is the naval branch of the Portuguese Armed Forces which, in cooperation and integrated with the other branches of the Portuguese military, is charged with the military defense of Portugal.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ On the 12 December 2017, the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ Tracing back to the 12th century, it is so one of the oldest continuously serving navies in the world.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ The Navy played a key role at the beginning and during the great voyages of the Age of Discoveries in the 15th and 16th centuries.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ Causes of Unemployment in the United States discusses the causes of U.S. unemployment and strategies for reducing it.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ Job creation and unemployment are affected by factors such as economic conditions, global competition, education, automation, and demographics.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ These factors can affect the number of workers, the duration of unemployment, and wage levels.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ There are a variety of domestic, foreign, market and government factors that impact unemployment in the United States.", "Causes of unemployment in the United States __knowledge__ These may be characterized as cyclical (related to the business cycle) or structural (related to underlying economic characteristics) and include, among others: There are many domestic factors affecting the U.S. labor force and employment levels.", "Cambodia __knowledge__ Cambodia (; , or Kampuchea , ), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (, \"Preăh Réachéanachâk Kâmpŭchéa\", , ), is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.", "Cambodia __knowledge__ It is in area, bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.", "Cambodia __knowledge__ Cambodia has a population of over floor(/1e6) million.", "Cambodia __knowledge__ The official religion is Theravada Buddhism, practiced by approximately 95 percent of the population.", "Cambodia __knowledge__ The country's minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams, and 30 hill tribes.", "Cambodia __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh, the political, economic, and cultural centre of Cambodia.", "1919 International Congress of Working Women __knowledge__ The International Congress of Working Women (ICWW), formed in 1919, was an organization formed by female laborers around the world.", "1919 International Congress of Working Women __knowledge__ The ICWW planned to share their concerns around female labor issues at the first Annual International Labor Organization Conference of 1919.", "1919 International Congress of Working Women __knowledge__ The ICWW was successful in creating a document of provisions which was presented to the ILO, and affected decision making in the ILO’s Commission on the Employment of Women.", "1919 International Congress of Working Women __knowledge__ The world was facing the turn of a new age during the eighteenth and nineteenth century, the industrial age.", "1919 International Congress of Working Women __knowledge__ Labor transformed from hand methods to a new manufacturing process.", "International labor standards __knowledge__ International labour standards refer to conventions agreed upon by international actors, resulting from a series of value judgments, set forth to protect basic worker rights, enhance workers’ job security, and improve their terms of employment on a global scale.", "International labor standards __knowledge__ The intent of such standards, then, is to establish a worldwide minimum level of protection from inhumane labour practices through the adoption and implementation of said measures.", "International labor standards __knowledge__ From a theoretical standpoint, it has been maintained, on ethical grounds, that there are certain basic human rights that are universal to humankind.", "International labor standards __knowledge__ Thus, it is the aim of international labour standards to ensure the provision of such rights in the workplace, such as against workplace aggression, bullying, discrimination and gender inequality on the other hands for working diversity, workplace democracy and empowerment.", "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor __knowledge__ The List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor is an annual publication issued by the United States Government’s Bureau of International Labor Affairs at the U.S. Department of Labor.", "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor __knowledge__ It has been published within the December 2014 Department of Labor report issued in its sixth updated edition.", "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor __knowledge__ The TVPRA has been reauthorized by Congress in 2008, 2011 and 2013.", "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor __knowledge__ A Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act has passed House in January 2015.", "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor __knowledge__ The list has 136 goods that ILAB \"has reason to believe are produced by forced labor or child labor\" in the 74 countries mentioned.", "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor __knowledge__ According to the report, agriculture, forestry and fishing are the sectors where child labor and forced labor are most common.", "Ayyavazhi in reports by Christian missionaries __knowledge__ Ayyavazhi, a belief system originating from South India, is mentioned in a number of reports by Christian missionaries in the 19th century.", "Ayyavazhi in reports by Christian missionaries __knowledge__ In some of these reports, it is claimed that Ayyavazhi is an anti-Christian religious phenomenon.", "Ayyavazhi in reports by Christian missionaries __knowledge__ The rapid growth of the London Missionary Society is heavily challenged by Ayyavazhi in Thiruvithancore, which is the most succeeded venue of LMS in India and revealed in certain reports.", "Ayyavazhi in reports by Christian missionaries __knowledge__ This report says about the fast spread of Ayyavazhi then throughout the regions of Southern Kerala (then Travancore) and South Tamil Nadu (the then 'Tinnevely') as, \"multitudes of people flocked from all parts of the provinces of Travancore and Tinnevelly.\"" ] ]

[ 2, 3, 3 ]

[ "I am currently unemployed, during recessions unemployment is a lot higher", "International Labor report says 6% of the worlds population is unemployed", "Not really globally 200 million people are unemployed and without work" ]

[ "Unemployment", "Unemployment", "Unemployment" ]

[ "Swimming", "I love swimming. I watched it at the olympics, where there were so many great swimmers. Do you swim competitively?", "What other sports do you enjoy watching?", "Both beautiful sports to watch. Where was the last winter olympics held? I don't follow winter sports as much as summer." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ Swimming is an individual or team sport that uses arms and legs to move the body through water.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ The sport takes place in pools or open water (e.g., in a sea or lake).", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports, with varied distance events in butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ In addition to these individual events, four swimmers can take part in either a freestyle or medley relay.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ Swimming each stroke requires specific techniques, and in competition, there are specific regulations concerning the acceptable form for different strokes.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ There are also regulations on what types of swimsuits, caps, jewelry and injury tape are allowed at competitions.", "Kevin O'Halloran __knowledge__ Kevin O'Halloran (3 March 1937 – 5 July 1976) was an Australian freestyle swimmer of the 1950s who won a gold medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.", "Kevin O'Halloran __knowledge__ The first Western Australian to win Olympic gold, O'Halloran learnt to swim in his hometown of Katanning.", "Kevin O'Halloran __knowledge__ He moved to Perth to attend secondary schooling at Guildford Grammar School, where he became more committed to swimming.", "Kevin O'Halloran __knowledge__ Competitive swimming was not well developed in Western Australia; races were held in muddy river pools.", "Kevin O'Halloran __knowledge__ So in late 1955, O'Halloran moved to the east coast to support his attempt to qualify for the Olympics.", "History of swimming __knowledge__ Competitive swimming in Britain started around 1830, mostly using breaststroke.", "History of swimming __knowledge__ Swimming was part of the first modern Olympic games in 1896 in Athens.", "History of swimming __knowledge__ In 1908, the world swimming association, Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), was formed.", "History of swimming __knowledge__ 10,000-year-old rock paintings of people swimming were found in the Cave of Swimmers near Wadi Sura in southwestern Egypt.", "History of swimming __knowledge__ These pictures seem to show breaststroke or doggy paddle, although it is also possible that the movements have a ritual meaning unrelated to swimming.", "History of swimming __knowledge__ An Egyptian clay seal dated between 9000 BC and 4000 BC shows four people who are believed to be swimming a variant of the front crawl.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Aquatic locomotion is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ The simplest propulsive systems are composed of cilia and flagella.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Swimming has evolved a number of times in a range of organisms including arthropods, fish, molluscs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Swimming evolved a number of times in unrelated lineages.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Supposed jellyfish fossils occur in the Ediacaran, but the first free-swimming animals appear in the Early to Middle Cambrian.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ These are mostly related to the arthropods, and include the Anomalocaridids, which swam by means of lateral lobes in a fashion reminiscent of today's cuttlefish.", "USA Swimming __knowledge__ USA Swimming is the national governing body for competitive swimming in the United States.", "USA Swimming __knowledge__ It is charged with selecting the United States Olympic Swimming team and any other teams which officially represent the United States, as well as the overall organization and operation of the sport within the country, in accordance with the Amateur Sports Act.", "USA Swimming __knowledge__ The national headquarters is located at the U.S. Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "USA Swimming __knowledge__ USA Swimming was originally called United States Swimming (USS) upon its departure from the AAU.", "USA Swimming __knowledge__ Thus, there are several terms used to describe the organization at different times.", "Warrender Baths Club __knowledge__ Warrender Baths Club is a swimming club which originated at Warrender Baths in Edinburgh, Scotland, established in 1888.", "Warrender Baths Club __knowledge__ In 2013 the Club had 600 members with an active membership of 350 swimmers training at nine swimming pools across Edinburgh.", "Warrender Baths Club __knowledge__ Their swimmers competed in a wide range of international and national competitions including the Olympic and Commonwealth Games.", "Warrender Baths Club __knowledge__ Warrender has been called the premier swimming club in Scotland and claims to be one of the oldest, most successful swimming clubs in the UK.", "Warrender Baths Club __knowledge__ Warrender's stated values are to help its swimmers achieve success at competitive swimming and water polo by providing world class swimming coaching.", "District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation __knowledge__ The District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) is an executive branch agency of the government of the District of Columbia in the United States.", "District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation __knowledge__ The department plans, builds, and maintains publicly owned recreational facilities in Washington, D.C., including athletic fields, community centers, parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, spray pools and tennis courts.", "District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation __knowledge__ It also manages publicly run recreational sports leagues for youth and adults as well as provides various outdoor activities (such as boating and camping) for youth, adults, and senior citizens.", "District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation __knowledge__ DPR has principal authority over the construction and maintenance of city-owned (but not federally owned) parks, and over nearly all public recreation facilities in Washington, D.C.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or paddling pool is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other leisure activities.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground (as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other larger structure), and are also a common feature aboard ocean-liners and cruise ships.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic or fiberglass, and can be of a custom size and shape or built to a standardized size, the largest of which is the Olympic-size swimming pool.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The freedom to roam, or \"everyman's right\", is the general public's right to access certain public or privately owned land for recreation and exercise.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The right is sometimes called the right of public access to the wilderness or the \"right to roam\".", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ In Scotland, the Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and the Central European countries of Austria, Czech Republic and Switzerland, the freedom to roam takes the form of general public rights which are sometimes codified in law.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The access is ancient in parts of Northern Europe and has been regarded as sufficiently basic that it was not formalised in law until modern times.", "Balboa Park (San Diego) __knowledge__ Balboa Park is a urban cultural park in San Diego, California, United States.", "Balboa Park (San Diego) __knowledge__ In addition to open space areas, natural vegetation zones, green belts, gardens, and walking paths, it contains museums, several theaters, and the world-famous San Diego Zoo.", "Balboa Park (San Diego) __knowledge__ There are also many recreational facilities and several gift shops and restaurants within the boundaries of the park.", "Balboa Park (San Diego) __knowledge__ Placed in reserve in 1835, the park's site is one of the oldest in the United States dedicated to public recreational use.", "Balboa Park (San Diego) __knowledge__ Balboa Park is managed and maintained by the Parks and Recreation Department of the City of San Diego.", "Balboa Park (San Diego) __knowledge__ Named for the Spanish maritime explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa, the park hosted the 1915–16 Panama–California Exposition and 1935–36 California Pacific International Exposition, both of which left architectural landmarks.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba diving is a form of underwater diving where the diver uses a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe underwater.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba divers carry their own source of breathing gas, usually compressed air, allowing them greater independence and freedom of movement than surface-supplied divers, and longer underwater endurance than breath-hold divers.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Open circuit scuba systems discharge the breathing gas into the environment as it is exhaled, and consist of one or more diving cylinders containing breathing gas at high pressure which is supplied to the diver through a regulator." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running.", "My Own Private Idaho __knowledge__ My Own Private Idaho is a 1991 American independent adventure drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant, loosely based on Shakespeare's \"Henry IV, Part 1\", \"Henry IV, Part 2\", and \"Henry V\", and starring River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves.", "My Own Private Idaho __knowledge__ The story follows two friends, Mike and Scott, as they embark on a journey of personal discovery that takes them to Mike's hometown in Idaho and then to Italy in search of Mike's mother.", "My Own Private Idaho __knowledge__ Van Sant originally wrote the screenplay in the 1970s, but discarded it after reading John Rechy's 1963 novel \"City of Night\" and concluding that Rechy's treatment of the subject of street hustlers was better than his own.", "GOM Player __knowledge__ GOM Player (short for Gretech Online Movie Player) is a media player for Windows, developed by the GOM & Company of South Korea.", "GOM Player __knowledge__ Its main features include the ability to play some broken media files and find missing codecs using a codec finder service.", "GOM Player __knowledge__ The word \"gom\" (곰) means \"bear\" in Korean, and as such GOM Player uses a bear's paw as its icon.", "GOM Player __knowledge__ GOM Player can play following multimedia formats: The player can play incomplete, broken or damaged AVI files by skipping bad frames and rebuilding the file's index when necessary.", "GOM Player __knowledge__ GOM Player also supports peer-to-peer video streaming through an official add-on called GOMTV Streamer.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Barry Davies __knowledge__ Barry George Davies, MBE (born 24 October 1937 in London) is an English sports commentator and television presenter.", "Barry Davies __knowledge__ He has covered a wide range of sports in a long career, primarily for the BBC.", "Barry Davies __knowledge__ Although best known for his football commentary, Davies has commentated on numerous other sports, including tennis, badminton, ice hockey, ice skating, gymnastics, hockey, cycling, beach volleyball and athletics, and primarily in the BBC's Olympics coverage, where he twice (Sydney 2000 and Athens 2004 commentated on the opening and closing ceremonies of the Summer Games.", "Barry Davies __knowledge__ He was also the 'Voice of the Boat Race' between 1993 and 2004, until the BBC lost the rights to cover the event, and the presenter of \"Maestro\" in the 1980s, a series of interviews with retired sporting legends.", "Balamory (series 3) __knowledge__ This article contains episode information and plot summaries from the television show \"Balamory\".", "Balamory (series 3) __knowledge__ Season Three was broadcast in 2004.", "Balamory (series 3) __knowledge__ Edie McCredie and Archie come with a way of how they can hide themselves while deer spotting, but it causes chaos around the town.", "Balamory (series 3) __knowledge__ Josie Jump searches for special building blocks to help her tell a fairground story.", "Balamory (series 3) __knowledge__ Penny gets distracted by watching a football match, and forgets to make an important order for the shop.", "Balamory (series 3) __knowledge__ Suzie takes a flying lesson, but needs someone to go with her so they can tell the children what the island looks like from the air.", "Balamory (series 3) __knowledge__ Miss Hoolie faces a dilemma when she makes too many promises of taking people to the beach.", "Townsville Showground __knowledge__ Townsville Showground is a heritage-listed showground at 72-104 Ingham Road, West End, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia.", "Townsville Showground __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 October 2008.", "Townsville Showground __knowledge__ The Townsville Showground was established in 1882 by the North Queensland Pastoral and Agricultural Association (P & A Assoc.)", "Townsville Showground __knowledge__ which later became known as the Townsville Pastoral Agricultural and Industrial Association (TPA&I).", "Townsville Showground __knowledge__ It remains in use as one of Queensland's premier showgrounds and continues to provide an important regional venue for the showcasing of North Queensland industrial, pastoral and agricultural products and businesses, and for athletics events and community and entertainment events.", "Brad Stevens __knowledge__ Bradley Kent Stevens (born October 22, 1976) is an American professional basketball head coach for the Boston Celtics of the NBA.", "Brad Stevens __knowledge__ He was previously the head coach at Butler University in Indianapolis.", "Brad Stevens __knowledge__ A former basketball player, he grew up in Zionsville, Indiana, where he starred on the Zionsville Community High School basketball team, setting four school records.", "Brad Stevens __knowledge__ After high school, he attended DePauw University, where he played basketball and earned a degree in economics.", "Brad Stevens __knowledge__ He made the all-conference team multiple times and was a three-time Academic All-America nominee.", "Brad Stevens __knowledge__ Stevens joined the Butler basketball program as a volunteer prior to the 2000–01 season after quitting his job at Eli Lilly and Company.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD.", "NBC Olympic broadcasts __knowledge__ The broadcasts of Summer and Winter Olympic Games produced by NBC Sports is shown on the various networks of NBCUniversal in the United States, including the NBC broadcast network, Spanish language network Telemundo, and many of the company's cable networks.", "NBC Olympic broadcasts __knowledge__ The event telecasts during the Olympics air primarily in the evening and on weekend afternoons on NBC, with varying times on its cable networks (such as after the close of the stock market day on CNBC, the early mornings on MSNBC, and overnights on the USA Network).", "NBC Olympic broadcasts __knowledge__ The on-air title of the telecasts, as typically announced at the start of each broadcast and during sponsor billboards is always the official name of the games in question – for example, \"The Games of the XXIX Olympiad\" for the 2008 Summer Games.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running.", "Winter Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Winter Games (official name) () is a major international sporting event held once every four years, for sports practiced on snow and ice.", "Winter Olympic Games __knowledge__ The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France.", "Winter Olympic Games __knowledge__ The original five sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating).", "Winter Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Games were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 and 1944 by World War II, and resumed in 1948.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ Australia first competed in the Winter Olympic Games in 1936 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, and has participated in every games since, with the exception of the 1948 Games in St. Moritz.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ In the early years, Australia's athletes did poorly; only two athletes placed in the top half of their events before 1976, while the vast majority placed in the bottom quarter, including some who finished last.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ This lack of success was attributed to the Australian culture, climate and lack of snow, as well as the lack of support for the athletes—sports administrators regarded investment in winter sports as futile.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ After the appointment of Geoff Henke—who had been unable to compete in 1956 after the administrators neglected to endorse his ice hockey team's application—as team manager in 1976, the results slowly began to improve, and by the 1990s, some Australians were regarded as medal prospects.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ However, the advent of the state-sponsored \"full-time amateur athlete\" of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ Olympic sports are sports contested in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The 2016 Summer Olympics included 28 sports, with five additional sports due to be added to the 2020 Summer Olympics.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The 2014 Winter Olympics included seven sports.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The number and kinds of events may change slightly from one Olympiad to another.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ Each Olympic sport is represented by an international governing body, namely an International Federation (IF).", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The International Olympic Committee (IOC) establishes a hierarchy of sports, disciplines, and events.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ According to this hierarchy, the Olympic sports can be subdivided into multiple disciplines, which are often assumed to be distinct sports.", "Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics __knowledge__ Three cities applied with bids to host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics (also known as \"XXIII Olympic Winter Games\" and \"XII Paralympic Winter Games\") in October 2009.", "Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics __knowledge__ The International Olympic Committee, under the leadership of Jacques Rogge, received three bids on October 15, 2009.", "Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics __knowledge__ The cities of Annecy, France, in the French Alps, Munich, Germany (host of the 1972 Summer Olympics), and Pyeongchang, South Korea, a two-time previous bidder, competed for the hosting rights to the event.", "Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics __knowledge__ This was the lowest number of bidding cities since the 1988 Summer Olympics, coincidentally also won by South Korea.", "1992 Winter Olympics __knowledge__ The 1992 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVI Olympic Winter Games (French: Les \"XVIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver\"), were a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 8 to 23 February 1992 in Albertville, France.", "1992 Winter Olympics __knowledge__ They were the last Winter Olympics to be held the same year as the Summer Olympics, and the first where the Winter Paralympics were held at the same site.", "1992 Winter Olympics __knowledge__ Albertville was selected as host in 1986, beating Sofia, Falun, Lillehammer, Cortina d'Ampezzo, Anchorage and Berchtesgaden.", "1992 Winter Olympics __knowledge__ The games were the third Winter Olympics held in France, after Chamonix in 1924 and Grenoble in 1968, and the fifth Olympics overall in the country.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ It was the first winter sport included in the Olympics, in 1908.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ The four Olympic disciplines are men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating and ice dancing.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating and four skating.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ From novice through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (short and long) which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals and other elements or moves.", "Figure skating __knowledge__ The blade has a groove on the bottom creating two distinct edges — inside and outside.", "International figure skating __knowledge__ Figure skating is a sport with participants across the world.", "International figure skating __knowledge__ Originally based in North America and Europe, the sport has experienced a major expansion in the countries of East Asia.", "International figure skating __knowledge__ The international governing body of the sport is the International Skating Union (ISU).", "International figure skating __knowledge__ Only those nations which are members of the International Skating Union are allowed to compete in the figure skating events in the Olympic Games.", "International figure skating __knowledge__ Some countries within Asia are listed here if they may compete at the European Championships.", "International figure skating __knowledge__ Brisbane hosted the World Junior Championships in 1988 and 1996.", "International figure skating __knowledge__ Stephanie Zhang (ladies' bronze, 2000) and Ekaterina Alexandrovskaya / Harley Windsor (pairs gold in 2016) have won ISU Junior Grand Prix medals for Australia.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ The history of figure skating stretches back to prehistoric times.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ Primitive ice skates appear in the archaeological record from about 3000 BC.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ Edges were added by the Dutch in the 13th - 14th century.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ International figure skating competitions began appearing in the late 19th century—in 1891, the European Championships were inaugurated in Hamburg, Germany, and in 1896, the first World Championships were held in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England, figure skating became the first winter sport to be included in the Olympics.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ The exact time and process by which humans first learned to ice skate is unknown.", "Quadruple jump controversy __knowledge__ At the 2010 Winter Olympics held in Vancouver, Canada, the final results of the men's figure skating competition sparked what has been dubbed a quadruple jump controversy.", "Quadruple jump controversy __knowledge__ At the heart of it lies a quadruple jump, the toughest jump there is in figure skating, done in combination with a triple toe loop, which Evgeni Plushenko of Russia landed in both his short and long programs.", "Quadruple jump controversy __knowledge__ Evan Lysacek of the United States, however, did not include quads in either of his programs.", "Quadruple jump controversy __knowledge__ Plushenko, who led Lysacek by half a point after the short figure skating program, was beaten out by the American in the final free skate despite performing a quadruple toe loop/triple toe loop." ] ]

[ 4, 5, 46, 12 ]

[ "Hello! Do you enjoy swimming? It's one of the most popular public recreational activities, and it's a required school course in some countries!", "I do not, but I do enjoy watching it during the summer Olympics!", "During the Winter Olympics, I really enjoy the figure skating, and during summer, the gymnastics. They're so athletic and flexible!", "Pyeongchang, I believe will be this year, and Sochi was the last one in 2014. What are your favorite Summer Olympic events to follow?" ]

[ "Swimming", "Swimming", "Swimming", "Swimming" ]

[ "Young Frankenstein", "i barely remember anything about it. when did it come out?", "was peter boyle the big tall guy that was like 7 feet tall in real life?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ Young Frankenstein is a 1974 American comedy horror film directed by Mel Brooks and starring Gene Wilder as the title character, a descendant of the infamous Dr. Victor Frankenstein, and Peter Boyle as the monster.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The supporting cast includes Teri Garr, Cloris Leachman, Marty Feldman, Madeline Kahn, Kenneth Mars, Richard Haydn, and Gene Hackman.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Wilder and Brooks.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The film is an affectionate parody of the classic horror film genre, in particular the various film adaptations of Mary Shelley's novel \"Frankenstein\" produced by Universal in the 1930s.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ Most of the lab equipment used as props was created by Kenneth Strickfaden for the 1931 film \"Frankenstein\".", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ To help evoke the atmosphere of the earlier films, Brooks shot the picture entirely in black and white, a rarity in the 1970s, and employed 1930s' style opening credits and scene transitions such as iris outs, wipes, and fades to black.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The film also features a period score by Brooks' longtime composer John Morris.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ A critical favorite and box office smash, \"Young Frankenstein\" ranks No.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ 28 on \"Total Film\" magazine's readers' \"List of the 50 Greatest Comedy Films of All Time\", No.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ 56 on Bravo TV's list of the \"100 Funniest Movies\", and No." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ Young Frankenstein is a 1974 American comedy horror film directed by Mel Brooks and starring Gene Wilder as the title character, a descendant of the infamous Dr. Victor Frankenstein, and Peter Boyle as the monster.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The supporting cast includes Teri Garr, Cloris Leachman, Marty Feldman, Madeline Kahn, Kenneth Mars, Richard Haydn, and Gene Hackman.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Wilder and Brooks.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The film is an affectionate parody of the classic horror film genre, in particular the various film adaptations of Mary Shelley's novel \"Frankenstein\" produced by Universal in the 1930s.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ Most of the lab equipment used as props was created by Kenneth Strickfaden for the 1931 film \"Frankenstein\".", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ To help evoke the atmosphere of the earlier films, Brooks shot the picture entirely in black and white, a rarity in the 1970s, and employed 1930s' style opening credits and scene transitions such as iris outs, wipes, and fades to black.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The film also features a period score by Brooks' longtime composer John Morris.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ A critical favorite and box office smash, \"Young Frankenstein\" ranks No.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ 28 on \"Total Film\" magazine's readers' \"List of the 50 Greatest Comedy Films of All Time\", No.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ 56 on Bravo TV's list of the \"100 Funniest Movies\", and No.", "Rasony District __knowledge__ Rasony District (, ) is a district in Vitebsk Region, Belarus.", "Rasony District __knowledge__ Nescherdo Lake, the seventh largest lake in Belarus, is situated in this district.", "Rasony District __knowledge__ In the early days of the occupation, a powerful and increasingly well-coordinated Belarusian resistance movement emerged.", "Rasony District __knowledge__ Hiding in the woods and swamps, the partisans inflicted heavy damage to German supply lines and communications, disrupting railway tracks, bridges, telegraph wires, attacking supply depots, fuel dumps and transports and ambushing German soldiers.", "Rasony District __knowledge__ Not all anti-German partisans were pro-Soviet.", "Rasony District __knowledge__ To fight partisan activity, the Germans had to withdraw considerable forces behind their front line.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1980 and December 1989.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Julia Newman first appeared in February 1980 along with Victor Newman (Eric Braeden).", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Meg Bennett until 1981, with reprise appearances from 1982 to 1984, 1986 to 1987, and lastly from March 1 to September 3, 2002.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ History On June 13, 1970, Julia and businessman Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) were married.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Ten years later, she and Victor moved to Genoa City so that he could help run Chancellor Industries for Katherine Chancellor (Jeanne Cooper).", "Kate Beckett __knowledge__ Katherine Houghton \"Kate\" Beckett is a fictional character of the ABC crime series \"Castle\".", "Kate Beckett __knowledge__ She is portrayed by Stana Katic.", "Kate Beckett __knowledge__ Katherine Houghton Beckett was born to Jim and Johanna Beckett and was raised in Manhattan.", "Kate Beckett __knowledge__ Her grandfather was an amateur magician and frequently brought her to the famous Drake's Magic Shop after school in her early teens, resulting in her fascination of the art.", "Kate Beckett __knowledge__ She is also a comic book fan, having bought her first when she was 14 and envisioning herself as Elektra if she had a choice of what character to be.", "Kate Beckett __knowledge__ She was also raised by her father to be a baseball fan.", "Kate Beckett __knowledge__ Beckett went to Stuyvesant High School, a public school in New York City reserved for highly gifted students; in \"Food to Die For\", she becomes reacquainted with her old high school friend, Madison Queller, who stated they shared 9th grade French and expressed her surprise that \"the biggest scofflaw at Stuy became a cop\".", "Aerosmith (album) __knowledge__ Aerosmith is the debut studio album by American rock band Aerosmith, released on January 5, 1973 by Columbia Records.", "Aerosmith (album) __knowledge__ The song \"Walkin' the Dog\" is a cover of a song originally performed by Rufus Thomas.", "Aerosmith (album) __knowledge__ The single \"Dream On\" became an American top ten single when re-released in 1976.", "Aerosmith (album) __knowledge__ \"Dream On\" was first released as a single in 1973.", "Aerosmith (album) __knowledge__ The album peaked at number 21 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in 1976.", "Aerosmith (album) __knowledge__ The photo at right is the original cover, which misprinted the song \"Walkin' the Dog\" as \"Walkin' the Dig\".", "Aerosmith (album) __knowledge__ When a second pressing of the album was released in 1976, this error was corrected and the cover replaced with a modified one made up entirely of the photo of the band members.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of supporting characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ is a fictional character in the anime \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ OVA In the OVA, Katsuhito, also known as , fled Jurai over 700 years ago to \"retire\" on Earth.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ He was once the greatest swordsman on Jurai.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Currently Katsuhito is a Shinto priest who is not only training Tenchi to be a Shinto priest but also training him in Jurai swordsmanship.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Yōshō had a marriage arranged with half-sister Ayeka, but left.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ At the time, not all Juraians liked the idea of mixed blood heritages (he is part human, on his mother's side) and he used Ryōko's attack as an excuse to slip away to Earth.", "One Life to Live storylines (2000–13) __knowledge__ \"One Life to Live\" was an American soap opera that was broadcast on the ABC network from 1968-2013, and online from April–August 2013.", "One Life to Live storylines (2000–13) __knowledge__ The series starts with \"One Life to Live\" storylines (1968–79).", "One Life to Live storylines (2000–13) __knowledge__ The plot continues in \"One Life to Live\" storylines (1980–89).", "One Life to Live storylines (2000–13) __knowledge__ The plot in the next decade is outlined in \"One Life to Live\" storylines (1990–99) and the story concludes in \"One Life to Live\" storylines (2000–13).", "One Life to Live storylines (2000–13) __knowledge__ Into the new millennium, more new characters were introduced, including Lindsay's (Catherine Hickland) sister Melanie (Darlene Vogel) and her husband Colin (Ty Treadway).", "One Life to Live storylines (2000–13) __knowledge__ Colin was killed, but his twin brother was brought on the canvas, only to lose his mind and become a killer.", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ Mel Brooks (born Melvin Kaminsky; June 28, 1926) is an American actor, writer, producer, director, comedian, and composer.", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ He is known as a creator of broad film farces and comic parodies.", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ Brooks began his career as a comic and a writer for the early TV variety show \"Your Show of Shows\".", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ He became well known as part of the comedy duo with Carl Reiner in the comedy skit \"The 2000 Year Old Man\".", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ He also created, with Buck Henry, the hit television comedy series \"Get Smart\", which ran from 1965 to 1970.", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ In middle age, Brooks became one of the most successful film directors of the 1970s, with many of his films being among the top 10 moneymakers of the year they were released.", "Gene Wilder __knowledge__ Jerome Silberman (June 11, 1933 – August 29, 2016), known professionally as Gene Wilder, was an American actor, screenwriter, director, producer, singer-songwriter and author.", "Gene Wilder __knowledge__ Wilder began his career on stage, and made his screen debut in an episode of the TV series \"The Play of the Week\" in 1961.", "Gene Wilder __knowledge__ Although his first film role was portraying a hostage in the 1967 motion picture \"Bonnie and Clyde\", Wilder's first major role was as Leopold Bloom in the 1967 film \"The Producers\" for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Gene Wilder __knowledge__ This was the first in a series of collaborations with writer/director Mel Brooks, including 1974's \"Blazing Saddles\" and \"Young Frankenstein\", which Wilder co-wrote, garnering the pair an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Horror film __knowledge__ A horror film is a movie that seeks to elicit a physiological reaction, such as an elevated heartbeat, through the use of fear and shocking one’s audiences.", "Horror film __knowledge__ Initially often inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker and Mary Shelley, horror has existed as a film genre for more than a century.", "Horror film __knowledge__ The macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes.", "Horror film __knowledge__ Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction and thriller genres.", "Horror film __knowledge__ Horror films often aim to evoke viewers' nightmares, fears, revulsions and terror of the unknown.", "Horror film __knowledge__ Plots within the horror genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event, or personage into the everyday world.", "Young Frankenstein (musical) __knowledge__ Young Frankenstein, officially known as The New Mel Brooks Musical: Young Frankenstein, is a musical with a book by Mel Brooks and Thomas Meehan and music and lyrics by Brooks.", "Young Frankenstein (musical) __knowledge__ It is based on the 1974 comedy film of the same name written by Brooks and Gene Wilder and directed by Brooks, who has described it as his best film.", "Young Frankenstein (musical) __knowledge__ It is a parody of the horror film genre, especially the 1931 Universal Pictures adaptation of Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein\" and its 1939 sequel, \"Son of Frankenstein\".", "Young Frankenstein (musical) __knowledge__ After tryouts in Seattle, Washington and four weeks of previews, the musical opened on Broadway on November 8, 2007 to mixed reviews.", "Frankenstein in popular culture __knowledge__ Mary Shelley's 1818 novel \"Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus\", and the famous character of Frankenstein's monster, have influenced popular culture for at least a century.", "Frankenstein in popular culture __knowledge__ The work has inspired numerous films, television programs, video games and derivative works.", "Frankenstein in popular culture __knowledge__ The character of the monster remains one of the most recognized icons in horror fiction.", "Frankenstein in popular culture __knowledge__ The first film adaptation of the tale, \"Frankenstein\", was made by Edison Studios in 1910, written and directed by J. Searle Dawley, with Augustus Phillips as Frankenstein, Mary Fuerte as Elizabeth, and Charles Ogle as the Monster.", "Frankenstein in popular culture __knowledge__ The brief (16 min.)", "The Producers (1967 film) __knowledge__ The Producers is a 1967 American satirical comedy film written and directed by Mel Brooks and starring Zero Mostel, Gene Wilder, Dick Shawn, and Kenneth Mars.", "The Producers (1967 film) __knowledge__ The film was Brooks's directorial debut, and he won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.", "The Producers (1967 film) __knowledge__ Decades later, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed eleventh on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs list.", "The Producers (1967 film) __knowledge__ It was later remade by Brooks as the acclaimed Broadway stage musical \"The Producers\", which itself was adapted into the film also called \"The Producers\" starring Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ Young Frankenstein is a 1974 American comedy horror film directed by Mel Brooks and starring Gene Wilder as the title character, a descendant of the infamous Dr. Victor Frankenstein, and Peter Boyle as the monster.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The supporting cast includes Teri Garr, Cloris Leachman, Marty Feldman, Madeline Kahn, Kenneth Mars, Richard Haydn, and Gene Hackman.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Wilder and Brooks.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The film is an affectionate parody of the classic horror film genre, in particular the various film adaptations of Mary Shelley's novel \"Frankenstein\" produced by Universal in the 1930s.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ Most of the lab equipment used as props was created by Kenneth Strickfaden for the 1931 film \"Frankenstein\".", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ To help evoke the atmosphere of the earlier films, Brooks shot the picture entirely in black and white, a rarity in the 1970s, and employed 1930s' style opening credits and scene transitions such as iris outs, wipes, and fades to black.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ The film also features a period score by Brooks' longtime composer John Morris.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ A critical favorite and box office smash, \"Young Frankenstein\" ranks No.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ 28 on \"Total Film\" magazine's readers' \"List of the 50 Greatest Comedy Films of All Time\", No.", "Young Frankenstein __knowledge__ 56 on Bravo TV's list of the \"100 Funniest Movies\", and No.", "Peter Boyle (epidemiologist) __knowledge__ Peter Boyle, FRSE FFPH FRCPS(Glas) FRCP(Edin) FMedSci, (born 8, June 1951) is a British epidemiologist.", "Peter Boyle (epidemiologist) __knowledge__ He has done research on globalisation of cancer, where he has shown the dramatic increase of cancer in low- and medium income countries.", "Peter Boyle (epidemiologist) __knowledge__ Boyle was born in Glasgow, Scotland and studied statistics at the University of Glasgow (BSC in 1974) and received a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Epidemiology in 1985 from the University of Glasgow, Faculty of Medicine).", "Peter Boyle (epidemiologist) __knowledge__ He initially wanted to become a teacher but became fascinated in Science and worked from 1974–77 as a statistician at the University Department of Medicine, Glasgow and the following 7 years at the West of Scotland Cancer Surveillance Unit in Glasgow.", "Peter Boyle __knowledge__ Peter Lawrence Boyle (October 18, 1935 – December 12, 2006) was an American actor.", "Peter Boyle __knowledge__ Known as a character actor, he played Frank Barone on the sitcom \"Everybody Loves Raymond\" and the comical monster in Mel Brooks' film spoof \"Young Frankenstein\" (1974).", "Peter Boyle __knowledge__ Boyle, who won an Emmy Award in 1996 for a guest-starring role on the science-fiction drama \"The X-Files\", won praise in both comedic and dramatic parts following his breakthrough performance in the 1970 film \"Joe\".", "Peter Boyle __knowledge__ Peter Lawrence Boyle was born on October 18, 1935 in Norristown, Pennsylvania, the son of Alice (née Lewis) and Francis Xavier Boyle.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ Dhayam () is a 2017 Indian Tamil thriller film written and directed by Kannan Rangaswamy and produced by A. R. S. Sunder.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ Entirely shot inside a single room, the film stars Santhosh Prathap, Jayakumar, Aanchal Singh, Samaira Sandhu and Aira Agarval amongst others in leading roles.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ Featuring music composed by Sathish Selvam, cinematography by A. Packiaraj and editing by R. Sudharsan, the film had a theatrical release on 24 March 2017.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ Eight people enter a room in a company for an interview for the post of CEO.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ The Room has no windows, the walls are white and has a clock attached to one side.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ There are 5 men and 3 women.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose __knowledge__ \"Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose\" is the fourth episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series \"The X-Files\".", "Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose __knowledge__ Directed by David Nutter and written by Darin Morgan, the installment serves as a \"Monster-of-the-Week\" story—a stand-alone plot unconnected to the overarching mythology of \"The X-Files\".", "Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose __knowledge__ Originally aired by the Fox network on October 13, 1995, \"Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose\" received a Nielsen rating of 10.2 and was seen by 15.38 million viewers.", "Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose __knowledge__ The episode received critical acclaim, and several writers named it among the best in the series.", "Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose __knowledge__ The episode won both an Emmy for Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series as well as an Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "The Tall Guy __knowledge__ The Tall Guy is a 1989 British romantic comedy and the feature film debut of screenwriter Richard Curtis and director Mel Smith.", "The Tall Guy __knowledge__ It was produced by London Weekend Television for theatrical release and stars Jeff Goldblum, Emma Thompson, and Rowan Atkinson.", "The Tall Guy __knowledge__ Curtis's script draws from his experiences as straight man to long-time collaborator Rowan Atkinson.", "The Tall Guy __knowledge__ The protagonist and narrator is Dexter King (Goldblum), an American actor working in London and living platonically in Camden Town with his \"educated, charming...nymphomaniac\" landlady (played by Geraldine James).", "The Tall Guy __knowledge__ He's just finished his sixth year playing \"The Tall Guy\", a straight man in a two-man, long-running comedy revue starring (and dominated by) Ron Anderson (Rowan Atkinson, playing a role based on himself).", "Frankenstein in popular culture __knowledge__ Mary Shelley's 1818 novel \"Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus\", and the famous character of Frankenstein's monster, have influenced popular culture for at least a century.", "Frankenstein in popular culture __knowledge__ The work has inspired numerous films, television programs, video games and derivative works.", "Frankenstein in popular culture __knowledge__ The character of the monster remains one of the most recognized icons in horror fiction.", "Frankenstein in popular culture __knowledge__ The first film adaptation of the tale, \"Frankenstein\", was made by Edison Studios in 1910, written and directed by J. Searle Dawley, with Augustus Phillips as Frankenstein, Mary Fuerte as Elizabeth, and Charles Ogle as the Monster.", "Frankenstein in popular culture __knowledge__ The brief (16 min.)", "Frankenstein's Monster (Marvel Comics) __knowledge__ Frankenstein's Monster is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Frankenstein's Monster (Marvel Comics) __knowledge__ The character is based on the character in the novel \"Frankenstein\" by Mary Shelley.", "Frankenstein's Monster (Marvel Comics) __knowledge__ The character has been adapted often in the comic book medium.", "Frankenstein's Monster (Marvel Comics) __knowledge__ The first appearance of Frankenstein's Monster in the Marvel Comics Universe came in the five-page horror comics story \"Your Name Is Frankenstein\", by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist Joe Maneely in \"Menace\" #7 (Sept. 1953), from Marvel's 1950s forerunner, Atlas Comics.", "Frankenstein's Monster (Marvel Comics) __knowledge__ The following decade, a robot replica of Frankenstein's Monster appeared as an antagonist in \"The X-Men\" #40 (Jan. 1968), by writer Roy Thomas and penciler Don Heck, and was destroyed by the titular team of mutant superheroes.", "Gene Wilder __knowledge__ Jerome Silberman (June 11, 1933 – August 29, 2016), known professionally as Gene Wilder, was an American actor, screenwriter, director, producer, singer-songwriter and author.", "Gene Wilder __knowledge__ Wilder began his career on stage, and made his screen debut in an episode of the TV series \"The Play of the Week\" in 1961.", "Gene Wilder __knowledge__ Although his first film role was portraying a hostage in the 1967 motion picture \"Bonnie and Clyde\", Wilder's first major role was as Leopold Bloom in the 1967 film \"The Producers\" for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Gene Wilder __knowledge__ This was the first in a series of collaborations with writer/director Mel Brooks, including 1974's \"Blazing Saddles\" and \"Young Frankenstein\", which Wilder co-wrote, garnering the pair an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ Mel Brooks (born Melvin Kaminsky; June 28, 1926) is an American actor, writer, producer, director, comedian, and composer.", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ He is known as a creator of broad film farces and comic parodies.", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ Brooks began his career as a comic and a writer for the early TV variety show \"Your Show of Shows\".", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ He became well known as part of the comedy duo with Carl Reiner in the comedy skit \"The 2000 Year Old Man\".", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ He also created, with Buck Henry, the hit television comedy series \"Get Smart\", which ran from 1965 to 1970.", "Mel Brooks __knowledge__ In middle age, Brooks became one of the most successful film directors of the 1970s, with many of his films being among the top 10 moneymakers of the year they were released.", "Elizabeth Lavenza __knowledge__ Elizabeth Frankenstein ( Lavenza) is a fictional character first introduced in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel \"Frankenstein\".", "Elizabeth Lavenza __knowledge__ In both the novel and its various film adaptations, she is the fiancée of Victor Frankenstein.", "Elizabeth Lavenza __knowledge__ Elizabeth Lavenza was adopted by Victor's family.", "Elizabeth Lavenza __knowledge__ While Victor's cousin in the original release of the novel, in Shelley's 1831 rewrite, she is first introduced as Victor Frankenstein's unrelated, adopted sister.", "Elizabeth Lavenza __knowledge__ Victor describes her as his perfect woman: young, beautiful, and completely devoted to him.", "Elizabeth Lavenza __knowledge__ Elizabeth continually writes letters to Victor, encouraging him and acting as a positive force against his guilt at creating the monster.", "Frankenstein __knowledge__ Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley (1797–1851) that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a grotesque but sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment.", "Frankenstein __knowledge__ Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition of the novel was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20.", "Frankenstein __knowledge__ Her name first appeared on the second edition, published in France in 1823.", "Frankenstein __knowledge__ Shelley travelled through Europe in 1814, journeying along the river Rhine in Germany with a stop in Gernsheim which is 17 km (10 mi) away from Frankenstein Castle, where, two centuries before, an alchemist was engaged in experiments." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 4 ]

[ "Young Frankenstein is my favorite comedy horror film that was directed by mel brooks", "in 1974, it starts Gene wilder as young frank, he is a descendant of the infamous Dr. Victor Frankenstein and also has Peter Boyle as the monster", "yes i believe so, the entire film is an affectionate parody of the classic horror film genre" ]

[ "Young Frankenstein", "Young Frankenstein", "Young Frankenstein" ]

[ "Museum", "I haven't been to one in a long time but my favorites are always science musuems. They always have so many exhibits. ", "What is your favorite exhibit there?", "I didn't know they had those. I can see why so many people visit, it's in a great location. How much does it cost to go there?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Museum __knowledge__ A museum ( ; plural musea or museums) is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.", "Museum __knowledge__ Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary.", "Museum __knowledge__ The largest museums are located in major cities throughout the world, while thousands of local museums exist in smaller cities, towns and rural areas.", "Museum __knowledge__ Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public.", "Museum __knowledge__ The goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public.", "Museum __knowledge__ There are many types of museums, including art museums, natural history museums, science museums, war museums, and children's museums.", "Museum __knowledge__ Amongst the world's largest and most visited museums are the Louvre in Paris, the National Museum of China in Beijing, the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., the British Museum in London, the National Gallery in London, and Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.", "Museum __knowledge__ As of the 2010s, the continuing acceleration in the digitization of information, combined with the increasing capacity of digital information storage, is causing the traditional model of museums (i.e." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Museum __knowledge__ A museum ( ; plural musea or museums) is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.", "Museum __knowledge__ Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary.", "Museum __knowledge__ The largest museums are located in major cities throughout the world, while thousands of local museums exist in smaller cities, towns and rural areas.", "Museum __knowledge__ Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public.", "Museum __knowledge__ The goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public.", "Museum __knowledge__ There are many types of museums, including art museums, natural history museums, science museums, war museums, and children's museums.", "Museum __knowledge__ Amongst the world's largest and most visited museums are the Louvre in Paris, the National Museum of China in Beijing, the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., the British Museum in London, the National Gallery in London, and Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.", "Museum __knowledge__ As of the 2010s, the continuing acceleration in the digitization of information, combined with the increasing capacity of digital information storage, is causing the traditional model of museums (i.e.", "Exploratorium __knowledge__ The Exploratorium is a museum in San Francisco that allows visitors to explore the world through science, art, and human perception.", "Exploratorium __knowledge__ Its mission is to create inquiry-based experiences that transform learning worldwide.", "Exploratorium __knowledge__ It has been described by the \"New York Times\" as the most important science museum to have opened since the mid-20th century, an achievement attributed to \"the nature of its exhibits, its wide-ranging influence and its sophisticated teacher training program\".", "Exploratorium __knowledge__ Characterized as \"a mad scientist's penny arcade, a scientific funhouse, and an experimental laboratory all rolled into one\", the participatory nature of its exhibits and its self-identification as a center for informal learning has led to it being cited as the prototype for participatory museums around the world.", "Will Burtin __knowledge__ Will Burtin was a graphic designer from Cologne, Germany, known for interrelating design and scientific concepts within his exhibits.", "Will Burtin __knowledge__ He was an influential designer, educator, and theorist in Germany and the United States.", "Will Burtin __knowledge__ He arrived in the United States in 1939 after fleeing Nazism in Germany.", "Will Burtin __knowledge__ In the U.S., he worked for Fortune Magazine and as an educator at Pratt Institute and the Parsons School of Design.", "Will Burtin __knowledge__ He designed many exhibits for companies, such as Eastman Kodak, IBM, the Smithsonian, Mead Paper, Union Carbide, Herman Miller Furniture, and United States Information Agency.", "Will Burtin __knowledge__ He received many awards and recognition for his work including a gold medal from AIGA.", "American Museum of Natural History __knowledge__ The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH), located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is one of the largest museums in the world.", "American Museum of Natural History __knowledge__ Located in Theodore Roosevelt Park across the street from Central Park, the museum complex comprises 28 interconnected buildings housing 45 permanent exhibition halls, in addition to a planetarium and a library.", "American Museum of Natural History __knowledge__ The museum collections contain over 33 million specimens of plants, animals, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites, human remains, and human cultural artifacts, of which only a small fraction can be displayed at any given time, and occupies more than .", "Hesselberg __knowledge__ Hesselberg (689 m above sea level) is the highest point in Middle Franconia and the Franconian Jura and is situated 60 km south west of Nuremberg, Germany.", "Hesselberg __knowledge__ The mountain stands isolated and far from the center of the Franconian Jura, in its southwestern border region, 4 km to the north west of Wassertrüdingen.", "Hesselberg __knowledge__ The mountain's first recorded name was \"Öselberg\", which probably derived from \"öder Berg\" (bleak mountain).", "Hesselberg __knowledge__ This name later changed to \"Eselsberg\" and finally to the current name \"Hesselberg\".", "Hesselberg __knowledge__ As a butte the mountain provides an insight into Jurassic geology.", "Hesselberg __knowledge__ It has also witnessed an eventful history, many incidents were handed down from generation to generation and these mixed with facts have become legends.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ The San Diego Zoo is a zoo in Balboa Park, San Diego, California, housing over 3,700 animals of more than 650 species and subspecies.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ Its parent organization, San Diego Zoo Global, is one of the largest zoological membership associations in the world, with more than 250,000 member households and 130,000 child memberships, representing more than a half million people.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ The San Diego Zoo was a pioneer in the concept of open-air, cageless exhibits that re-create natural animal habitats.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ It is one of the few zoos in the world that houses and successfully breeds the giant panda.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ In 2013, the zoo added a new Koalafornia Adventure exhibit, providing an updated Australian animal experience.", "Deutsches Museum __knowledge__ The Deutsches Museum (\"German Museum\") in Munich, Germany, is the world's largest museum of science and technology, with about 28,000 exhibited objects from 50 fields of science and technology.", "Deutsches Museum __knowledge__ It receives about 1.5 million visitors per year.", "Deutsches Museum __knowledge__ The museum was founded on 28 June 1903, at a meeting of the Association of German Engineers (VDI) as an initiative of Oskar von Miller.", "Deutsches Museum __knowledge__ Its official name is (English: \"German Museum of Masterpieces of Science and Technology\").", "Deutsches Museum __knowledge__ It is the largest museum in Munich.", "Deutsches Museum __knowledge__ For a period of time the museum was used to host pop and rock concerts including The Who, Jimi Hendrix and Elton John.", "Imperial War Museum __knowledge__ Imperial War Museums (IWM) is a British national museum organisation with branches at five locations in England, three of which are in London.", "Imperial War Museum __knowledge__ Founded as the Imperial War Museum in 1917, the museum was intended to record the civil and military war effort and sacrifice of Britain and its Empire during the First World War.", "Imperial War Museum __knowledge__ The museum's remit has since expanded to include all conflicts in which British or Commonwealth forces have been involved since 1914.", "Imperial War Museum __knowledge__ As of 2012, the museum aims \"to provide for, and to encourage, the study and understanding of the history of modern war and 'wartime experience'\".", "Tourism in Indonesia __knowledge__ Tourism in Indonesia is an important component of the Indonesian economy as well as a significant source of its foreign exchange revenues.", "Tourism in Indonesia __knowledge__ The vast country of sprawling archipelago has much to offer, from natural beauty, historical heritage to cultural diversity.", "Tourism in Indonesia __knowledge__ According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, the direct contribution of travel and tourism to Indonesia's GDP in 2014 was IDR 325,467 billion (US$26,162 million) constituting 3.2% of the total GDP.", "Tourism in Indonesia __knowledge__ By 2019, the Indonesian government wants to have doubled this figure to 8 percent of GDP and the number of visitors needs to double to about 20 million.", "Green museum __knowledge__ A green museum is a museum that incorporates concepts of sustainability into its operations, programming, and facility.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Many green museums, but not all, use their collections to produce exhibitions, events, classes, and other programming to educate the public about the natural environment.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Many, but not all, green museums reside in a building featuring sustainable architecture and technology.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Green museums interpret their own sustainable practices and green design to present a model of behavior.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Green museums strive to help people become more conscious of their world, its limitations, and how their actions affect it.", "Academic capital __knowledge__ In sociology, academic capital is the potential of an individual’s education and other academic experience to be used to gain a place in society.", "Academic capital __knowledge__ Much like other forms of capital (social, economic, cultural), academic capital doesn’t depend on one sole factor—the measured duration of schooling—but instead is made up of many different factors, including the individual's academic transmission from his/her family, status of the academic institutions attended, and publications produced by the individual.", "Academic capital __knowledge__ Academic capital originated in 1979 when Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002), a prominent French sociologist, used the term in his book \"\" (translated to English in 1984).", "My Chief and My Regiment __knowledge__ My Chief and My Regiment (), also known in short by its fans as simply \"Chief\" (团长) or \"The Chief Show\" (团剧), is a highly popular 2009 Chinese TV series produced by Huayi Brothers Media Group.", "My Chief and My Regiment __knowledge__ The series is directed by Kang Honglei (康红雷), with Wu Yi (吴毅) as the chief producer, and is based on the novel of the same name by award-winning author Lan Xiaolong (兰晓龙).", "My Chief and My Regiment __knowledge__ Both Kang and Lan were famous for making of the popular 2006 military drama series \"Soldiers Sortie\".", "My Chief and My Regiment __knowledge__ The series is about the Chinese National Revolutionary Army Expeditionary Force in Burma fighting the Imperial Japanese Army during the 1942 Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road at the Second Sino-Japanese War.", "I. M. Pei __knowledge__ Ieoh Ming Pei, FAIA, RIBA (born 26 April 1917), commonly known as I. M. Pei, is a Chinese American architect.", "I. M. Pei __knowledge__ In 1948, Pei was recruited by New York City real estate magnate William Zeckendorf.", "I. M. Pei __knowledge__ There he spent seven years before establishing his own independent design firm I. M. Pei & Associates in 1955, which became I. M. Pei & Partners in 1966 and later in 1989 became Pei Cobb Freed & Partners.", "I. M. Pei __knowledge__ Pei retired from full-time practice in 1990.", "I. M. Pei __knowledge__ Since then, he has taken on work as an architectural consultant primarily from his sons' architectural firm Pei Partnership Architects.", "I. M. Pei __knowledge__ Pei's first major recognition came with the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado (designed in 1961, and completed in 1967)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Museum __knowledge__ A museum ( ; plural musea or museums) is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.", "Museum __knowledge__ Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary.", "Museum __knowledge__ The largest museums are located in major cities throughout the world, while thousands of local museums exist in smaller cities, towns and rural areas.", "Museum __knowledge__ Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public.", "Museum __knowledge__ The goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public.", "Museum __knowledge__ There are many types of museums, including art museums, natural history museums, science museums, war museums, and children's museums.", "Museum __knowledge__ Amongst the world's largest and most visited museums are the Louvre in Paris, the National Museum of China in Beijing, the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., the British Museum in London, the National Gallery in London, and Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.", "Museum __knowledge__ As of the 2010s, the continuing acceleration in the digitization of information, combined with the increasing capacity of digital information storage, is causing the traditional model of museums (i.e.", "Crystal oscillator __knowledge__ A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency.", "Crystal oscillator __knowledge__ This frequency is often used to keep track of time, as in quartz wristwatches, to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers.", "Crystal oscillator __knowledge__ The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillators, but other piezoelectric materials including polycrystalline ceramics are used in similar circuits.", "Polydiacetylenes __knowledge__ Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) are a family of conducting polymers closely related to polyacetylene.", "Polydiacetylenes __knowledge__ They are created by the 1,4 topochemical polymerization of diacetylenes.", "Polydiacetylenes __knowledge__ They have multiple applications from the development of organic films to immobilization of other molecules.", "Polydiacetylenes __knowledge__ The first polydiacetylene to be discovered was Poly(1,6-bishydroxy hexa-2,4-diacetylene) by Gerhard Wegner in 1969.", "Polydiacetylenes __knowledge__ This was achieved by exposing crystals of 1,6-bishydroxy hexa-2,4-diyne to UV light.", "Polydiacetylenes __knowledge__ Polymerization was assumed to occur because of the spatial arrangement of diynes in the crystal, but this was not confirmed until 1972 when Raymond H. Baughman coined the term \"topochemical polymerization\" to describe polymerization due to spatial arrangement and put forth the spatial requirements needed for a polymerization of this sort.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ The Bronx Zoo is a zoo located within Bronx Park in the Bronx, a borough of New York City.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ It is the largest metropolitan zoo in the United States and among the largest in the world.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ On average, the zoo has 2.15 million visitors each year, and it comprises of park lands and naturalistic habitats, through which the Bronx River flows.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ The Bronx Zoo is world-renowned for its large and diverse animal collection, and its award-winning exhibitions.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is part of an integrated system of four zoos and one aquarium managed by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and it is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).", "Tulsa Zoo __knowledge__ The Tulsa Zoo is a non-profit zoo located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States.", "Tulsa Zoo __knowledge__ The Tulsa Zoo is owned by the City of Tulsa, but since 2010 has been privately managed by Tulsa Zoo Management, Inc.", "Tulsa Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is located in Mohawk Park, one of the largest municipal parks in the United States.", "Tulsa Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is involved in many conservation efforts, such as a push to reduce the use of palm oil, FrogWatch USA, and efforts to encourage ocean conservation.", "Tulsa Zoo __knowledge__ The Tulsa Zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums.", "Tulsa Zoo __knowledge__ In 2005, the Tulsa Zoo was named as \"America's Favorite Zoo\" by Microsoft Game Studios and was granted $25,000 in a contest designed to promote the Zoo Tycoon 2 computer game.", "Memphis Zoo __knowledge__ The Memphis Zoo, located in Midtown, Memphis, Tennessee, United States, is home to more than 3,500 animals representing over 500 different species.", "Memphis Zoo __knowledge__ Created in April 1906, the zoo has been a major tenant of Overton Park for more than 100 years.", "Memphis Zoo __knowledge__ The land currently designated to the Memphis Zoo was defined by the Overton Park master plan in 1988, it is owned by the City of Memphis.", "Memphis Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is set on , of which approximately are developed.", "Memphis Zoo __knowledge__ In 2008, the Memphis Zoo was ranked \"#1 Zoo in the U.S.\" by TripAdvisor.", "Memphis Zoo __knowledge__ The ranking was based on visitor opinions.", "Memphis Zoo __knowledge__ Since the early 1990s, the Memphis Zoo has invested over $77 million for renovation and expansion.", "Ceylon, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ Ceylon is a village in The Gap Rural Municipality No.", "Ceylon, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ 39, Saskatchewan, Canada.", "Ceylon, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The village had a population of 90 inhabitants at the 2006 Census.", "Ceylon, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ Taken from Radville & Deep South Star Ceylon and Hardy really started when the railroad arrived.", "Ceylon, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The Canadian National Railway line came through in 1910, opening for service in July, 1911.", "Ceylon, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The section between Ceylon and Hardy was completed on November 21, 1911.", "Ceylon, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ Ceylon had actually started up in 1910 north of where the tracks were eventually laid.", "Ceylon, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ When the town site was surveyed in 1911, it had to be moved to the south side of the tracks.", "Ceylon, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ With a great effort of manpower and horsepower (of the animal variety), the fledgling town was moved to its present location.", "James Davis (fencer) __knowledge__ James-Andrew Davis (born 3 July 1991) is a British fencer, European champion in 2014.", "James Davis (fencer) __knowledge__ He competed in men's foil at the 2012 Summer Olympics.", "James Davis (fencer) __knowledge__ Davis was born and brought up in Barnet, North London.", "James Davis (fencer) __knowledge__ He became interested in fencing at the age of four, while waiting for his mother to pick up his brother for his own sport at a Saturday club and fenced at clubs including RLS Fencing and Finchley Foils.", "James Davis (fencer) __knowledge__ In 2008 he became the first Briton to climb a podium at European Cadet Championships with a bronze medal in Rovigo.", "James Davis (fencer) __knowledge__ He claimed another bronze medal, this time with the team, at the 2010 Junior European Championships in Lobnya.", "Smithsonian Institution __knowledge__ The Smithsonian Institution ( ), established on August 10, 1846 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge,\" is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States.", "Smithsonian Institution __knowledge__ The institution is named after its founding donor, British scientist James Smithson.", "Smithsonian Institution __knowledge__ Originally organized as the \"United States National Museum,\" that name ceased to exist as an administrative entity in 1967.", "Smithsonian Institution __knowledge__ Termed \"the nation's attic\" for its eclectic holdings of 154 million items, the Institution's nineteen museums, nine research centers, and zoo include historical and architectural landmarks, mostly located in the District of Columbia.", "National Air and Space Museum __knowledge__ The National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, also called the NASM, is a museum in Washington, D.C..", "National Air and Space Museum __knowledge__ It was established in 1946 as the National Air Museum and opened its main building on the National Mall near L'Enfant Plaza in 1976.", "National Air and Space Museum __knowledge__ In 2016, the museum saw approximately 7.5 million visitors, making it the second most visited museum in the world, and the most visited museum in the United States.", "National Air and Space Museum __knowledge__ The museum contains the Apollo 11 command module, the \"Friendship 7\" capsule which was flown by John Glenn, Charles Lindbergh's \"Spirit of St. Louis\", the Bell X-1 which broke the sound barrier, and the Wright brothers plane near the entrance.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ Aircraft in fiction covers the various real-world aircraft that have made significant appearances in fiction over the decades, including in books, films, toys, TV programs, video games, and other media.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ These appearances spotlight the popularity of different models of aircraft, and showcase the different types for the general public.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ The first aviation film was the 1911 William J. Humphrey–directed two-reeler, \"The Military Air-Scout\", shot following an Aero Club of America flying meet at Long Island, New York, with Lt. Henry Arnold doing the stunt flying.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ \"Arnold, who picked up 'a few extra bucks' for his services, became so excited about movies that he almost quit the Army to become an actor.\"", "Space Museum (comics) __knowledge__ Space Museum was a science fiction comics series published by National Comics (now DC Comics) in their flagship science fiction title \"Strange Adventures\" between 1959 and 1964.", "Space Museum (comics) __knowledge__ The series was written by Gardner Fox and was drawn by Carmine Infantino for almost the whole series.", "Space Museum (comics) __knowledge__ \"Space Museum\" first appeared in the story \"The World of Doomed Spacemen\" in \"Strange Adventures\" #104 (May 1959), written by creator Gardner Fox under the editorship of Julius Schwartz.", "Space Museum (comics) __knowledge__ The series of 8-page stories was published in rotation with two others, \"The Atomic Knights\" and \"Star Hawkins\", and appeared in every third issue of \"Strange Adventures\" from #106 - 157 (July 1959 - October 1963), with one last story, \"Space Museum of the Dead World,\" in issue #161 (February 1964) - a total of 20 stories.", "Space Shuttle retirement __knowledge__ The retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle fleet took place from March to July 2011.", "Space Shuttle retirement __knowledge__ \"Discovery\" was the first of the three active space shuttles to be retired, completing its final mission on March 9, 2011; \"Endeavour\" did so on June 1.", "Space Shuttle retirement __knowledge__ The final shuttle mission was completed with the landing of \"Atlantis\" on July 21, 2011, closing the 30-year Space Shuttle program.", "Space Shuttle retirement __knowledge__ The Shuttle was presented to the public in 1972 as a \"space truck\" which would, among other things, be used to build a United States space station in low earth orbit in the early 1990s and then be replaced by a new vehicle.", "Space Shuttle retirement __knowledge__ When the concept of the U.S. space station evolved into that of the International Space Station, which suffered from long delays and design changes before it could be completed, the service life of the Space Shuttle was extended several times until 2011 when it was finally retired.", "Washington, D.C. __knowledge__ Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as \"Washington\", \"the District\", or simply \"D.C.\", is the capital of the United States.", "Washington, D.C. __knowledge__ The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country's East Coast.", "Washington, D.C. __knowledge__ The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state.", "Washington, D.C. __knowledge__ The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Museum __knowledge__ A museum ( ; plural musea or museums) is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.", "Museum __knowledge__ Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary.", "Museum __knowledge__ The largest museums are located in major cities throughout the world, while thousands of local museums exist in smaller cities, towns and rural areas.", "Museum __knowledge__ Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public.", "Museum __knowledge__ The goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public.", "Museum __knowledge__ There are many types of museums, including art museums, natural history museums, science museums, war museums, and children's museums.", "Museum __knowledge__ Amongst the world's largest and most visited museums are the Louvre in Paris, the National Museum of China in Beijing, the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., the British Museum in London, the National Gallery in London, and Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.", "Museum __knowledge__ As of the 2010s, the continuing acceleration in the digitization of information, combined with the increasing capacity of digital information storage, is causing the traditional model of museums (i.e.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Internet privacy involves the right or mandate of personal privacy concerning the storing, repurposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information pertaining to oneself via of the Internet.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Internet privacy is a subset of data privacy.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Privacy concerns have been articulated from the beginnings of large scale computer sharing.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Privacy can entail either \"Personally Identifying Information\" (PII) or non-PII information such as a site visitor's behavior on a website.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ PII refers to any information that can be used to identify an individual.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ For example, age and physical address alone could identify who an individual is without explicitly disclosing their name, as these two factors are unique enough to typically identify a specific person.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Moon landing conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Moon landing conspiracy theories claim that some or all elements of the Apollo program and the associated Moon landings were hoaxes staged by NASA, possibly with the aid of other organizations.", "Moon landing conspiracy theories __knowledge__ The most notable claim is that the six manned landings (1969–72) were faked and that 12 Apollo astronauts did not actually walk on the Moon.", "Moon landing conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Various groups and individuals have made claims since the mid-1970s, that NASA and others knowingly misled the public into believing the landings happened, by manufacturing, tampering with, or destroying evidence including photos, telemetry tapes, radio and TV transmissions, Moon rock samples, and even killing some key witnesses.", "Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex __knowledge__ The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex is the visitor center at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex __knowledge__ It features exhibits and displays, historic spacecraft and memorabilia, shows, two IMAX theaters, and a range of bus tours of the spaceport.", "Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex __knowledge__ \"Space Shuttle \"Atlantis\"\" is home to the real Space Shuttle \"Atlantis\" orbiter and the Shuttle Launch Experience, a simulated ride into space.", "Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex __knowledge__ The visitor complex also has daily presentations from a veteran NASA astronaut.", "Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex __knowledge__ A bus tour, included with admission, encompasses the separate Apollo/Saturn V Center.", "Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex __knowledge__ There were 1.7 million visitors to the visitor complex in 2016.", "Apollo program __knowledge__ The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972.", "Apollo program __knowledge__ First conceived during Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration as a three-man spacecraft to follow the one-man Project Mercury which put the first Americans in space, Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal of \"landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth\" by the end of the 1960s, which he proposed in an address to Congress on May 25, 1961.", "Saturn V __knowledge__ The Saturn V (pronounced \"Saturn five\") was an American human-rated expendable rocket used by NASA between 1967 and 1973.", "Saturn V __knowledge__ The three-stage liquid-fueled super heavy-lift launch vehicle was developed to support the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon and was later used to launch Skylab, the first American space station.", "Saturn V __knowledge__ The Saturn V was launched 13 times from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida with no loss of crew or payload.", "Saturn V __knowledge__ As of 2018,the Saturn V remains the tallest, heaviest, and most powerful (highest total impulse) rocket ever brought to operational status, and holds records for the heaviest payload launched and largest payload capacity to low Earth orbit (LEO) of , which included the third stage and unburned propellant needed to send the Apollo Command/Service Module and Lunar Module to the Moon.", "Skylab __knowledge__ Skylab was the United States' first and only space station, orbiting Earth from 1973 to 1979, when it fell back to Earth amid huge worldwide media attention.", "Skylab __knowledge__ Launched and operated by NASA, Skylab included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems necessary for crew survival and scientific experiments.", "Skylab __knowledge__ It was launched unmanned by a modified Saturn V rocket, with a weight of .", "Skylab __knowledge__ Lifting Skylab into low earth orbit was the final mission and launch of a Saturn V rocket (which was famous for carrying the manned Moon landing missions).", "Skylab __knowledge__ When data from onboard experiments (some of which were on physical film) were returned to Earth, analysis of scientific and engineering data of each mission was completed.", "Apollo 8 __knowledge__ Apollo 8, the second manned spaceflight mission in the United States Apollo space program, was launched on December 21, 1968, and became the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth orbit, reach the Earth's Moon, orbit it and return safely to Earth.", "Apollo 8 __knowledge__ The three-astronaut crew — Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot James Lovell, and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders — became the first humans to: travel beyond low Earth orbit; see Earth as a whole planet; enter the gravity well of another celestial body (Earth's moon); orbit another celestial body (Earth's moon); directly see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes; witness an Earthrise; escape the gravity of another celestial body (Earth's moon); and re-enter the gravitational well of Earth.", "NASA __knowledge__ The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.", "NASA __knowledge__ President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA in 1958 with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science.", "NASA __knowledge__ The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29, 1958, disestablishing NASA's predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA).", "NASA __knowledge__ The new agency became operational on October 1, 1958." ] ]

[ 6, 0, 58, 0 ]

[ "Do you like visiting museums? I like to visit science and war museums.", "Some of the best museums are in Washington D.C. The Air and Space museum is my favorite.", "It is the most visited museum in the USA. My favorite exhibits are the rocket capsules from the Apollo missions.", "The price for admission to the Smithsonian museums including Air & Space is free. They are funded by tax dollars." ]

[ "Museum", "Museum", "Museum", "Museum" ]

[ "Travel\nI love to travel. I have been all over the world.", "I prefer to take planes since they are more convenient.", "In many occasions, it's the only way to get somewhere.", "I would like to travel by train sometime since it provides a different view than the road.", "That's so neat! I bet it was really interesting." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ This list comprises the items featured in the American fantasy-drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\" and its spin-off \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\".", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The Aging Dust is causes the victim to age.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The amount of aging depends on the amount of dust used.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Emma put some in the onion rings she gave Zelena, to accelerate her pregnancy.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ She wanted baby Robin out of the way so she could put the Darkness into Zelena and then kill her with Excalibur.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Mr. Gold owns some as well as he used it to temporarily age a fairy that he and the Evil Queen chased and captured into an old woman.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Regina was mentioned to have found a way to restore the fairy back to her rightful age.", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ According to the online comic on NBC.com, Hiro is named after Hiroshima, so that his family will always remember the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ Tim Kring has been quoted as saying, \"It's no coincidence we named him Hiro... he truly is on a hero's quest.\"", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ To this end, his name is often used as a pun.", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ His co-worker and best friend Ando once called him \"Super-Hiro\" in jest.", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ Hiro was one of the last main characters to be created by Tim Kring; he was added to the pilot episode after Kring's wife noticed none of the existing main characters were happy about their powers.", "Hiro Nakamura __knowledge__ During a panel session, Kring explained that he developed Hiro as a comic book geek \"trapped in a life that was kind of not of his making\".", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ Hyperspace is a faster-than-light (FTL) method of traveling used in science fiction.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ It is typically described as an alternative \"sub-region\" of space co-existing with our own universe which may be entered using an energy field or other device.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ As seen in most fiction hyperspace is most succinctly described as a \"somewhere else\" within which the laws of general and special relativity decidedly do \"not\" apply – especially with respect to the speed of light being the cosmic speed limit.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ Entering and exiting said \"elsewhere\" thus directly enables travel near or faster than the speed of light – almost universally with the aid of extremely advanced technology.", "Dallas Love Field __knowledge__ Dallas Love Field is a city-owned public airport 6 miles (10 km) northwest of downtown Dallas, Texas.", "Dallas Love Field __knowledge__ It was Dallas' main airport until 1974 when Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) opened.", "Dallas Love Field __knowledge__ The corporate headquarters for Southwest Airlines is at Love Field.", "Dallas Love Field __knowledge__ The airport is also a focus city for Southwest as well as for Virgin America.", "Dallas Love Field __knowledge__ Seven full-service fixed-base operators (FBOs) provide general aviation service: fuel, maintenance, hangar rentals, and charters.", "Dallas Love Field __knowledge__ Some also provide meeting rooms, car rentals, limousine service and restaurants.", "Dallas Love Field __knowledge__ Dallas Love Field is named after Moss L. Love, who while assigned to the U.S. Army 11th Cavalry, died in an airplane crash near San Diego, California, on September 4, 1913, becoming the 10th fatality in U.S. Army aviation history.", "Hippie __knowledge__ A hippie (sometimes spelled hippy) is a member of a counterculture, originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world.", "Hippie __knowledge__ The word \"hippie\" came from \"hipster\" and used to describe beatniks who moved into New York City's Greenwich Village and San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district.", "Hippie __knowledge__ The term \"hippie\" first found popularity in San Francisco by Herb Caen, a journalist for the \"San Francisco Chronicle\".", "Hippie __knowledge__ The origins of the terms \"hip\" and \"hep\" are uncertain.", "Hippie __knowledge__ By the 1940s, both had become part of African American jive slang and meant \"sophisticated; currently fashionable; fully up-to-date\".", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Love's Travel Stops &amp; Country Stores __knowledge__ Love's Travel Stops & Country Stores (commonly referred to as Love's) is a North American family-owned chain of more than 430 truck stop and convenience stores in 41 states.", "Love's Travel Stops &amp; Country Stores __knowledge__ The company is privately owned and headquartered in The Village, Oklahoma, a suburb of Oklahoma City.", "Love's Travel Stops &amp; Country Stores __knowledge__ Love's is currently ranked No.", "Love's Travel Stops &amp; Country Stores __knowledge__ 14 on the Forbes list of America's largest private companies.", "Love's Travel Stops &amp; Country Stores __knowledge__ Love's has two primary kinds of stores: country stores and travel stops.", "Love's Travel Stops &amp; Country Stores __knowledge__ Country stores are fueling stations with a convenience store attached.", "Love's Travel Stops &amp; Country Stores __knowledge__ The larger travel stops are located along highways and offer additional amenities such as food from restaurant chains like Subway, Arby's, Baskin Robbins, Bojangles', Burger King, Chester's, Dairy Queen, Del Taco, Denny's, Dunkin' Donuts, Friendly's, Godfather's Pizza, Green Burrito, Hardee's, IHOP Express, McDonald's, Sonic, Carl's Jr., Taco Bell, Taco John's, Wendy's, trucking supplies, showers and RV dump stations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "Tales of Count Lucanor __knowledge__ Don Juan Manuel's Tales of Count Lucanor, in Spanish Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (\"Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio\"), also commonly known as El Conde Lucanor, Libro de Patronio, or Libro de los ejemplos (original Old Castilian: \"Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio\"), is one of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish.", "Tales of Count Lucanor __knowledge__ It was first written in 1335.", "Tales of Count Lucanor __knowledge__ The book is divided into four parts.", "Tales of Count Lucanor __knowledge__ The first and most well-known part is a series of 50 short stories (some no more than a page or two) drawn from various sources, such as Aesop and other classical writers, and Arabic folktales.", "Klempen __knowledge__ Klempen is a German typographical term for the omission of a space \"after\" a word or punctuation mark (e.g.", "Klempen __knowledge__ comma, full stop, exclamation mark, question mark, dash).", "Klempen __knowledge__ Its counterpart (and derivation) is Plenken, the incorrect addition of a space \"before\" punctuation marks.", "Klempen __knowledge__ \"Klempen\" is a constructed word from the German \"plenken\" (meaning \"to add inappropriate spaces\", itself a borrowing from the English \"blank\") and \"klemmen\" (\"to wedge\", possibly a reference to Linotype machine operators' slang term \"wedges\" for the spacebands used to implement justified spacing), exchanging the K and P in such a way as to suggest both phonetically and orthographically its relationship and opposite meaning.", "Projective plane __knowledge__ In mathematics, a projective plane is a geometric structure that extends the concept of a plane.", "Projective plane __knowledge__ In the ordinary Euclidean plane, two lines typically intersect in a single point, but there are some pairs of lines (namely, parallel lines) that do not intersect.", "Projective plane __knowledge__ A projective plane can be thought of as an ordinary plane equipped with additional \"points at infinity\" where parallel lines intersect.", "Projective plane __knowledge__ Thus \"any\" two distinct lines in a projective plane intersect in one and only one point.", "Projective plane __knowledge__ A projective plane is a 2-dimensional projective space, but not all projective planes can be embedded in 3-dimensional projective spaces.", "Blood War __knowledge__ In the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy roleplaying game, the Blood War is an eternal conflict between the fiends of the Lower planes.", "Blood War __knowledge__ The Tanar'ri are the demonic forces of the Abyss, an evil plane of chaos.", "Blood War __knowledge__ Representing the equally evil but lawful realm of Baator are the Baatezu, the dominant caste of devilkin.", "Blood War __knowledge__ Neutral evil Yugoloths play both sides against the other.", "Blood War __knowledge__ The Blood War has raged on since the \"Age Before Ages\", a dark period when the Prime Material Plane had not fully developed.", "Blood War __knowledge__ The conflict is massive, spanning entire planes of reality, and hosting an immeasurable number of fiends.", "Blood War __knowledge__ The Blood War concept was introduced as part of the new background for the outer planes in 1991's \"Monstrous Compendium Volume Outer Planes Appendix\".", "St. Kentigern's Church, Aspatria __knowledge__ St Kentigern's Church, Aspatria, stands in the village of Aspatria, Cumbria, England.", "St. Kentigern's Church, Aspatria __knowledge__ It is an active Anglican parish church in the rural deanery of Maryport, the archdeaconry of Carlisle and the diocese of Carlisle.", "St. Kentigern's Church, Aspatria __knowledge__ The church has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.", "St. Kentigern's Church, Aspatria __knowledge__ It is dedicated to St Kentigern, the apostle of Strathclyde, whom it is believed passed by and preached at the Holy well, on his way into exile in Wales, in the 6th century.", "St. Kentigern's Church, Aspatria __knowledge__ He was also known as Mungo, which means good friend.", "St. Kentigern's Church, Aspatria __knowledge__ After the Norman Conquest the church was given by the first Lord of Allerdale to the prior and convent of Carlisle, which grant was confirmed by Henry II, and Edward III.", "Plenken __knowledge__ Plenken is a German typographical term for the insertion of inappropriate spaces \"before\" a punctuation mark.", "Plenken __knowledge__ Its counterpart is Klempen, the incorrect omission of a space \"after\" punctuation marks.", "Plenken __knowledge__ \"Plenken\" is derived as a borrowed word from the English \"blank\".", "Plenken __knowledge__ Its antonym \"klempen\" combines \"plenken\" and \"klemmen\" (\"to clamp\"), exchanging the K and P in such a way as to suggest both phonetically and orthographically its relationship and opposite meaning.", "Plenken __knowledge__ Both are internet coinages, dating from Johannes \"Jödel\" Leckebusch's introduction of \"plenken\" on MausNet in 1988 and now widely used on German newsgroups.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ \"Paper Planes\" is a song by British rapper M.I.A.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ from her second studio album, \"Kala\" (2007).", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ The song was written by M.I.A.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ and Diplo.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ The song's backing track is a replayed sample of the 1982 song \"Straight to Hell\" by The Clash, and the members of The Clash are credited as co-writers of the song.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ The chorus of \"Paper Planes\" was widely speculated to be based on the chorus to the 1992 song \"Rump Shaker\" by Wreckx-N-Effect, although that song's writers are not credited.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ It was produced by Diplo with additional production by Switch.", "Paper Planes __knowledge__ \"Paper Planes\" was released for download in August 2007 and as the album's third single by XL Recordings and Interscope Records on 11 February 2008.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics is the science of the motion of bicycles and motorcycles and their components, due to the forces acting on them.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Dynamics falls under a branch of physics known as classical mechanics.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Bike motions of interest include balancing, steering, braking, accelerating, suspension activation, and vibration.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ The study of these motions began in the late 19th century and continues today.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Bicycles and motorcycles are both single-track vehicles and so their motions have many fundamental attributes in common and are fundamentally different from and more difficult to study than other wheeled vehicles such as dicycles, tricycles, and quadracycles.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Many countries have enacted electric bicycle laws to regulate the use of electric bicycles.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Countries such as the United States and Canada have federal regulations governing the safety requirements and standards of manufacture.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Other countries like the signatories of the European Union have agreed to wider-ranging legislation covering use and safety of their term EPAC (electric pedal-assisted cycles).", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ However, confusion remains regarding the various laws involving electric bicycles.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ This stems from the fact that while some countries have national regulations, the legality of road use is left to states and provinces, and then complicated further by municipal laws and restrictions.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ This is a list of bicycle-sharing systems.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ As of December 2016, roughly 1000 cities worldwide have a bike-sharing program.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ Advertising company JCDecaux launched its \"\"Cyclocity\"\" programs initially in Lyon, France, and Paris.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ The company also started programs in other cities in Europe such as Córdoba, Vienna and Kazan, as well as cities outside of Europe, such as Brisbane, Australia.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ Payment for using the bikes is done with smart cards.", "List of bicycle-sharing systems __knowledge__ With sponsorship from first Barclays and later Santander, Transport for London launched a Cycle Hire scheme in London, where hire under 30 minutes is free from special bicycle stands across the city, after a daily, monthly or annual charge has been paid.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ Hyperspace is a faster-than-light (FTL) method of traveling used in science fiction.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ It is typically described as an alternative \"sub-region\" of space co-existing with our own universe which may be entered using an energy field or other device.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ As seen in most fiction hyperspace is most succinctly described as a \"somewhere else\" within which the laws of general and special relativity decidedly do \"not\" apply – especially with respect to the speed of light being the cosmic speed limit.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ Entering and exiting said \"elsewhere\" thus directly enables travel near or faster than the speed of light – almost universally with the aid of extremely advanced technology.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Concessionary fares on the British railway network __knowledge__ There is no single 'discount railcard' available on the UK railway network.", "Concessionary fares on the British railway network __knowledge__ In addition to the large number and variety of short-term or localised promotional fares that have been available to passengers on the British railway network in recent decades (especially since privatisation), there are many permanent concessionary fare schemes available to passengers.", "Concessionary fares on the British railway network __knowledge__ Some of these take the form of Railcards, which can be purchased by people who qualify according to the conditions, and which give discounts for all journeys over a period; other concessions are available for individual journeys.", "Concessionary fares on the British railway network __knowledge__ In all cases, details of the type of concession will be printed on the passenger's travel ticket, to distinguish reduced-rate tickets from those sold at the standard full fare.", "Bicycle-sharing system __knowledge__ A bicycle-sharing system, public bicycle system, or bike-share scheme, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a very short term basis for a price.", "Bicycle-sharing system __knowledge__ Bike share schemes allow people to borrow a bike from point A and return it at point B.", "Bicycle-sharing system __knowledge__ Many bike-share systems offer subscriptions that make the first 30–45 minutes of use either free or very inexpensive, encouraging use as transportation.", "Bicycle-sharing system __knowledge__ This allows each bike to serve several users per day.", "Bicycle-sharing system __knowledge__ In most bike-share cities, casual riding over several hours or days is better served by bicycle rental than by bike-share." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "Trying to Get Somewhere __knowledge__ Trying to Get Somewhere is the fifth and final release by Canadian indie rock band Shotgun & Jaybird, released in 2006 on Sappy Records.", "Trying to Get Somewhere __knowledge__ Vish Khanna of Exclaim!", "Trying to Get Somewhere __knowledge__ Magazine said \"Trying to Get Somewhere\" was an unplanned \"powerful, inspiring record\".", "List of Neighbours characters (2013) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera.", "List of Neighbours characters (2013) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on 18 March 1985 and currently airs on digital channel Eleven.", "List of Neighbours characters (2013) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the soap in 2013, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2013) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the shows executive producer Richard Jasek.", "List of Neighbours characters (2013) __knowledge__ The 29th season of \"Neighbours\" began airing from 7 January 2013.", "List of Neighbours characters (2013) __knowledge__ Nell Rebecchi made her debut in the same month.", "List of Neighbours characters (2013) __knowledge__ The Turner family, consisting of Amber, Bailey, Matt and Mason arrived in February, as did Robbo Slade.", "List of Neighbours characters (2013) __knowledge__ Rhiannon Bates began appearing from April.", "List of Neighbours characters (2013) __knowledge__ Jayden Warley and the Willises – Terese, Imogen and Joshua Willis – made their first appearances in May.", "Road space rationing __knowledge__ Road space rationing, also known as alternate-day travel, driving restriction, no-drive days, (; ; ) is a travel demand management strategy aimed to reduce the negative externalities generated by urban air pollution or peak urban travel demand in excess of available supply or road capacity, through artificially restricting demand (vehicle travel) by rationing the scarce common good road capacity, especially during the peak periods or during peak pollution events.", "Road space rationing __knowledge__ This objective is achieved by restricting traffic access into an urban cordon area, city center (CBD), or district based upon the last digits of the license number on pre-established days and during certain periods, usually, the peak hours.", "Transport economics __knowledge__ Transport economics is a branch of economics founded in 1959 by American economist John R. Meyer that deals with the allocation of resources within the transport sector.", "Transport economics __knowledge__ It has strong links to civil engineering.", "Transport economics __knowledge__ Transport economics differs from some other branches of economics in that the assumption of a spaceless, instantaneous economy does not hold.", "Transport economics __knowledge__ People and goods flow over networks at certain speeds.", "Transport economics __knowledge__ Demands peak.", "Transport economics __knowledge__ Advance ticket purchase is often induced by lower fares.", "Transport economics __knowledge__ The networks themselves may or may not be competitive.", "Transport economics __knowledge__ A single trip (the final good, in the consumer's eyes) may require the bundling of services provided by several firms, agencies and modes.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The Doctor is the title character in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\".", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by twelve lead actors.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ In the programme, \"the Doctor\" is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in the TARDIS, frequently with companions.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the show's narrative through the plot device of \"regeneration\", a biological function of the Time Lord race that allows a change of cellular structure and appearance with recovery following a potentially fatal injury.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ In Rainbows is the seventh studio album by English rock band Radiohead, self-released on 10 October 2007 as a pay-what-you-want download.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ It was followed by a physical release internationally by XL Recordings on 3 December 2007 and in the United States on 1 January 2008 by TBD Records.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ It was Radiohead's first release after their recording contract with EMI ended with their previous album \"Hail to the Thief\" (2003).", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ Radiohead worked on \"In Rainbows\" for more than two years, beginning in early 2005.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ In mid-2006, after their initial recording sessions with new producer Spike Stent proved fruitless, the band toured Europe and North America performing \"In Rainbows\" material before re-enlisting their longtime producer Nigel Godrich.", "Alex Udinov __knowledge__ Alexandra \"Alex\" Udinov is one of the main characters on the television series \"Nikita\", portrayed by Lyndsy Fonseca.", "Alex Udinov __knowledge__ Many fans of \"Team Nikita\" (consisting of Nikita, Michael, Birkhoff, Sean, Ryan, and Owen) consider Alex as the baby of the \"family,\" this is because Alex, being the youngest of the group, when her walls are down, can behave childlike and callow.", "Alex Udinov __knowledge__ Alex is the daughter of the late Russian oligarch Nikolai Udinov and his wife who were murdered by Division, on orders of Sergei Semak, when Alex was a child.", "Alex Udinov __knowledge__ Udinov owned the billion-dollar company Zetrov, of which Alex was the sole heir.", "Prajñā (Hinduism) __knowledge__ Pragña or Pragya (Sanskrit: प्रज्ञ) as प्रज्ञा, प्राज्ञ and प्राज्ञा is used to refer to the highest and purest form of wisdom, intelligence and understanding.", "Prajñā (Hinduism) __knowledge__ Pragya is the state of wisdom which is higher than the knowledge obtained by reasoning and inference.", "Prajñā (Hinduism) __knowledge__ The Sanskrit word प्रज्ञ (\"Pragña\") is the combination of \"प्र (\"pra-\")\" which prefix means – before, forward, fulfiller, and used as the intensifier but rarely as a separate word and \"ज्ञ (\"jna\")\" which means - knowing or familiar with.", "Prajñā (Hinduism) __knowledge__ प्रज्ञ (\"Prajña\"), meaning - wise, prudent, knowing, conversant with, is the root of प्राज्ञ (\"Prājña\") meaning – wise, learned man, intellectual, clever, intelligence dependent on individuality; प्रज्ञा (\"Prajñā\") meaning – intelligence, judgement, mental attitude, particular \"shakti\" or energy, insight, mental disposition, true or transcendental wisdom, awareness, mentality, understanding, discrimination, knowledge; and प्राज्ञा (\"Prājñā\") meaning – understanding, intelligence.", "Consort Donggo __knowledge__ Consort Donggo (1639 – 23 September 1660) was a concubine of the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing dynasty.", "Consort Donggo __knowledge__ She is sometimes confused with Dong Xiaowan (董小宛), a courtesan who lived in the late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty.", "Consort Donggo __knowledge__ Consort Donggo was born in the Manchu Donggo (董鄂) clan, which was under the Plain White Banner of the Eight Banners.", "Consort Donggo __knowledge__ Her father was Eshuo (鄂碩), who served as an Interior Minister in the Qing imperial court, while her mother was Han Chinese.", "Consort Donggo __knowledge__ Her ancestral home was in Liaoning.", "Consort Donggo __knowledge__ Consort Donggo entered the Forbidden City at the age of 18 and was deeply loved and favored by the Shunzhi Emperor.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ Hyperspace is a faster-than-light (FTL) method of traveling used in science fiction.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ It is typically described as an alternative \"sub-region\" of space co-existing with our own universe which may be entered using an energy field or other device.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ As seen in most fiction hyperspace is most succinctly described as a \"somewhere else\" within which the laws of general and special relativity decidedly do \"not\" apply – especially with respect to the speed of light being the cosmic speed limit.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ Entering and exiting said \"elsewhere\" thus directly enables travel near or faster than the speed of light – almost universally with the aid of extremely advanced technology.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ The Franklin Automobile Company was an American manufacturer of automobiles in the United States between 1902 and 1934 in Syracuse, New York.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ Herbert H. Franklin founded the H. H. Franklin Manufacturing Company in 1893 and, in 1901, teamed up with engineer John Wilkinson to develop an air-cooled engine.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ In 1902, the Franklin automobile was introduced.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ Because he was the primary investor, Franklin assumed control of the company, and named the auto manufacturing division Franklin Automobile Company.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ As president, he managed the company finances and business administration.", "Franklin (automobile) __knowledge__ Wilkinson was named chief engineer and granted control of the engineering and manufacturing operation.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Jefferson Airplane was a rock band based in San Francisco, California, who pioneered psychedelic rock.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Formed in 1965, the group defined the San Francisco Sound and was the first from the Bay Area to achieve international commercial success.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ They were headliners at the three most famous American rock festivals of the 1960s—Monterey (1967), Woodstock (1969) and Altamont (1969)—and the first Isle of Wight Festival (1968) in England.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Their 1967 break-out album \"Surrealistic Pillow\" ranks on the short list of the most significant recordings of the \"Summer of Love\".", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Two songs from that album, \"Somebody to Love\" and \"White Rabbit\", are among \"Rolling Stone's\" \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time.\"", "Speed of light __knowledge__ The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted , is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics.", "Speed of light __knowledge__ Its exact value is (approximately , or ).", "Speed of light __knowledge__ It is exact because the unit of length, the metre, is defined from this constant and the international standard for time.", "Speed of light __knowledge__ According to special relativity, is the maximum speed at which all conventional matter and hence all known forms of information in the universe can travel.", "Speed of light __knowledge__ Though this speed is most commonly associated with light, it is in fact the speed at which all massless particles and changes of the associated fields travel in vacuum (including electromagnetic radiation and gravitational waves).", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Equal opportunity __knowledge__ Equal opportunity arises from the similar treatment of all people, unhampered by artificial barriers or prejudices or preferences, except when particular distinctions can be explicitly justified.", "Equal opportunity __knowledge__ The aim according to this often complex and contested concept is that important jobs should go to those \"most qualified\" – persons most likely to perform ably in a given task – and not go to persons for arbitrary or irrelevant reasons, such as circumstances of birth, upbringing, having well-connected relatives or friends, religion, sex, ethnicity, race, caste, or involuntary personal attributes such as disability, age, gender identity, or sexual orientation.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ The Bible-Presbyterian Church (\"BPC\") was a conservative reformed denomination in Singapore.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ It existed from 1955 to 1988.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ Since that time, Bible-Presbyterian (\"B-P\") churches have continued to exist separately.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ The movement grew out of the Bible Presbyterian Church in the United States.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ , there were 20,000 members in 32 B-P churches.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ Roland Chia suggests that the BPC was noted for a belief in literal six-day creation and a preference for the King James Version (\"KJV\").", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ The BPC was founded in 1955 by Timothy Tow.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ Tow had been influenced first by John Sung, and later by Carl McIntire.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ He was strongly opposed to liberal theology and ecumenism, and the Chinese Presbyterian Synod was connected to the World Council of Churches.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Full body scanner __knowledge__ A full-body scanner is a device that detects objects on a person's body for security screening purposes, without physically removing clothes or making physical contact.", "Full body scanner __knowledge__ Depending on the technology used, the operator may see an alternate-wavelength image of the person's naked body, or merely a cartoon-like representation of the person with an indicator showing where any suspicious items were detected.", "Full body scanner __knowledge__ For privacy and security reasons, the display is generally not visible to other passengers, and in some cases is located in a separate room where the operator cannot see the face of the person being screened.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Allen Tupper True __knowledge__ Allen Tupper True (May 30, 1881 – November 1, 1955) was an American illustrator, easel painter and muralist who specialized in depicting the American West.", "Allen Tupper True __knowledge__ Allen Tupper True, born May 30, 1881 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, was the son of Margaret Allen and Henry Alfonso True, both of New England parentage.", "Allen Tupper True __knowledge__ Henry True was a pioneer who had fought against the secession of Texas with Sam Houston, driven cattle on the trail from Abilene to Montana, and had established a mercantile and freight business in Colorado Springs catering to the headlong mining rush pushing west into the mountains.", "Allen Tupper True __knowledge__ Margaret True was to become a noted educator, serving first as a teacher in Colorado Springs and later as President of the Denver School Board and head of the truancy department.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ Aircraft in fiction covers the various real-world aircraft that have made significant appearances in fiction over the decades, including in books, films, toys, TV programs, video games, and other media.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ These appearances spotlight the popularity of different models of aircraft, and showcase the different types for the general public.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ The first aviation film was the 1911 William J. Humphrey–directed two-reeler, \"The Military Air-Scout\", shot following an Aero Club of America flying meet at Long Island, New York, with Lt. Henry Arnold doing the stunt flying.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ \"Arnold, who picked up 'a few extra bucks' for his services, became so excited about movies that he almost quit the Army to become an actor.\"", "Genoa __knowledge__ Genoa ( ; , ; ; English, historically, and ) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy.", "Genoa __knowledge__ In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits.", "Genoa __knowledge__ As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of Genoa, which in 2015 became the Metropolitan City of Genoa, counted 855,834 resident persons.", "Genoa __knowledge__ Over 1.5 million people live in the wider metropolitan area stretching along the Italian Riviera.", "Genoa __knowledge__ Located on the Gulf of Genoa in the Ligurian Sea, Genoa has historically been one of the most important ports on the Mediterranean: it is currently the busiest in Italy and in the Mediterranean Sea and twelfth-busiest in the European Union.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two American aviators, engineers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Jefferson Airplane was a rock band based in San Francisco, California, who pioneered psychedelic rock.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Formed in 1965, the group defined the San Francisco Sound and was the first from the Bay Area to achieve international commercial success.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ They were headliners at the three most famous American rock festivals of the 1960s—Monterey (1967), Woodstock (1969) and Altamont (1969)—and the first Isle of Wight Festival (1968) in England.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Their 1967 break-out album \"Surrealistic Pillow\" ranks on the short list of the most significant recordings of the \"Summer of Love\".", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Two songs from that album, \"Somebody to Love\" and \"White Rabbit\", are among \"Rolling Stone's\" \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Steve Davis, (born 22 August 1957) is an English retired professional snooker player from Plumstead, London.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Known for dominating the sport during the 1980s, when he won the World Championship six times and was ranked world number one for seven consecutive seasons, he is remembered particularly for contesting the 1985 World Championship final with Dennis Taylor, the black-ball conclusion of which attracted a record 18.5 million British viewers.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ He is a well known public figure and is generally viewed by his peers as one of the greatest players of all time.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Until his retirement in 2016, Davis combined his ongoing playing career with his role as a television analyst and commentator for the BBC's snooker coverage, alongside being a DJ of electronic music on local radio station Phoenix FM and at the Bloc Weekend music festival.", "Zoe Carpenter __knowledge__ Zoe Carpenter is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Zoë Lister.", "Zoe Carpenter __knowledge__ The character first appeared on-screen on 1 September 2006, as one of three new students at Hollyoaks Community College.", "Zoe Carpenter __knowledge__ It was announced in 2009 that Lister had quit her role in order to pursue other projects; she subsequently left the series in January 2010.", "Zoe Carpenter __knowledge__ During Zoe's time in \"Hollyoaks\" she has been portrayed as a bubbly tomboy who often makes the wrong choices in life and has had a number of failed relationships.", "Zoe Carpenter __knowledge__ In March 2017, it was reported that Lister would be reprising the role and it was later confirmed that she would return for Amy Barnes' (Ashley Slanina-Davies) funeral.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Teen patti (, meaning 'three cards' in English) (also known as flash or flush) is a gambling card game that originated in the Indian Subcontinent.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The game, which is actually a simplified version of poker, is popular throughout South Asia.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Boats out of India call it \"flush\" to escape any legal negativity surrounding the game where it is played legally.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The game starts with one of the players dealing the cards.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The cards are usually dealt counter-clockwise.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Before starting the game, usually an agreed number of card(s) is/are picked or dealt to decide the dealer for the opening hand.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Each player may be required to put up an ante into the pot before picking/dealing the card(s).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ In July 2012, a storyline began in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" in which the character Kat Moon, played by Jessie Wallace, embarks on an affair behind her husband Alfie Moon's (Shane Richie) back, with an unknown person.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The suspects named were Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd), Max Branning (Jake Wood), Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Ray was the first suspect to be eliminated, on 7 August, followed by Michael on 14 September.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The mystery man was revealed as Derek in the 20 December episode.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Richie dubbed the storyline \"Who's Been Sleeping with Kat?", "April Kepner __knowledge__ April Kepner M.D., is a fictional character from the television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\" which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States.", "April Kepner __knowledge__ The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes and is portrayed by actress Sarah Drew.", "April Kepner __knowledge__ She was introduced in the episode \"Invasion\" as a former surgical resident at Mercy West Hospital who joins the staff at Seattle Grace Mercy West after the two hospitals merge to compensate for the absence of some of the central cast members, and was created to be disliked by her colleagues.", "April Kepner __knowledge__ The character was originally set to appear in two episodes, Drew's contract was extended to the remainder of the sixth season, with her becoming a series regular in the seventh season.", "Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway __knowledge__ The opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&M) took place on 15 September 1830.", "Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway __knowledge__ Work on the L&M had begun in the 1820s, to connect the major industrial city of Manchester with the nearest deep water port at the Port of Liverpool, away.", "Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway __knowledge__ Although horse-drawn railways already existed elsewhere, and a few industrial sites already used primitive steam locomotives for bulk haulage, the L&M was the first locomotive-hauled railway to connect two major cities, and the first to provide a scheduled passenger service.", "Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway __knowledge__ The opening day was a major public event.", "Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway __knowledge__ Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, the Prime Minister, rode on one of the eight inaugural trains, as did many other dignitaries and notable figures of the day.", "Scottsboro Boys __knowledge__ The Scottsboro Boys were nine African American teenagers, ages 13 to 19, accused in Alabama of raping two White American women on a train in 1931.", "Scottsboro Boys __knowledge__ The landmark set of legal cases from this incident dealt with racism and the right to a fair trial.", "Scottsboro Boys __knowledge__ The cases included a lynch mob before the suspects had been indicted, all-white juries, rushed trials, and disruptive mobs.", "Scottsboro Boys __knowledge__ It is commonly cited as an example of a miscarriage of justice in the United States legal system.", "Scottsboro Boys __knowledge__ On March 25, 1931, two dozen people were 'hoboing' on a freight train traveling between Chattanooga and Memphis, Tennessee, the hoboes being an equal mix of African-Americans and Caucasians.", "List of Divergent characters __knowledge__ This is a list of major and minor characters in the \"Divergent\" book trilogy and its subsequent film adaptation, \"The Divergent Series\".", "List of Divergent characters __knowledge__ Beatrice \"Tris\" Prior is the viewpoint character in \"Divergent\" and \"Insurgent\", and shares the viewpoint character role in \"Allegiant\" with Tobias \"Four\" Eaton.", "List of Divergent characters __knowledge__ Born in the Abnegation faction to Andrew and Natalie Prior, she describes herself as having pale blonde hair, wide gray-blue eyes, a long, thin nose and a short and skinny stature.", "List of Divergent characters __knowledge__ She bears a tattoo of three ravens on her left collarbone leading down to her heart, each one representing one of her family members; she also has a Dauntless seal on her left shoulder and an Abnegation seal on her right shoulder.", "London Necropolis Railway __knowledge__ The London Necropolis Railway was a railway line opened in November 1854 by the London Necropolis Company (LNC), to carry corpses and mourners between London and the LNC's newly opened Brookwood Cemetery southwest of London in Brookwood, Surrey.", "London Necropolis Railway __knowledge__ At the time the largest cemetery in the world, Brookwood Cemetery was designed to be large enough to accommodate all the deaths in London for centuries to come, and the LNC hoped to gain a monopoly on London's burial industry.", "London Necropolis Railway __knowledge__ The cemetery had intentionally been built far enough from London so as never to be affected by urban growth and was dependent on the recently invented railway to connect it to the city.", "The Naval Treaty __knowledge__ \"The Naval Treaty\" is an episode of the Sherlock Holmes television adaptations of the Sir Arthur Conan Doyle stories, produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994, starring Jeremy Brett as the famous detective.", "The Naval Treaty __knowledge__ It was the third of seven episodes aired in the series' first season, called \"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes\".", "The Naval Treaty __knowledge__ The episode first aired on 8 May 1984.", "The Naval Treaty __knowledge__ The episode opens on a rainy night.", "The Naval Treaty __knowledge__ A frantically crying man (Percy Phelps) is carried into his home by a few men while his fiancée (Annie) and her brother (Joseph Harrison) watch over him worriedly.", "The Naval Treaty __knowledge__ The titles follow.", "Earp Vendetta Ride __knowledge__ The Earp Vendetta Ride was a search by Deputy U.S.", "Earp Vendetta Ride __knowledge__ Marshal Wyatt Earp, leading a federal posse, for outlaw Cowboys they believed had ambushed and maimed Virgil Earp and killed Morgan Earp.", "Earp Vendetta Ride __knowledge__ The Earp brothers had been attacked in retaliation for the deaths of three Cowboys in the Gunfight at the O.K.", "Earp Vendetta Ride __knowledge__ Corral on October 26, 1881.", "Earp Vendetta Ride __knowledge__ From March 20 to April 15, 1882, the federal posse searched southeast Cochise County, Arizona Territory for suspects in both Virgil's and Morgan's attacks.", "Earp Vendetta Ride __knowledge__ Several suspects had been freed by the court, owing in some cases to legal technicalities and in others to the strength of alibis provided by Cowboy confederates.", "Fifteen Guinea Special __knowledge__ The 1T57 'Fifteen Guinea Special' was the last main-line passenger train to be hauled by steam locomotive power on British Rail on 11 August 1968 before the introduction of a steam ban that started the following day.", "Fifteen Guinea Special __knowledge__ It was a special rail tour excursion train organised for the occasion from Liverpool via Manchester to Carlisle and back, and was pulled by four different steam locomotives in turn during the four legs of the journey (with two engines sharing the third leg).", "Fifteen Guinea Special __knowledge__ The \"Fifteen Guinea Special\" was so named because of the high cost of tickets for the railtour (15 guineas = £15 15s 0d in pre-decimal British currency, equivalent to £15.75)." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "I wish I could travel more myself, whether by bike or by airplane or even foot.", "Agreed, travelling by airplane is a lot faster and more convenient than travel by car.", "That's true, travel by train or boat isn't gonna be as good as airplane travel most of the time.", "I got to travel on a train back in December when I went to England.", "Trains can be really nice to travel in, it's like travelling on a airplane in terms of how the cabin looks." ]

[ "Travel", "Travel", "Travel", "Travel", "Travel" ]

[ "Louis Vuitton\nHi, have you heard about Louis Vuitton? I got some great shoes from there recently!", "That's amazing! It has been around since 1854? I didn't know that! I always hard a hard time pronouncing it.", "I hear it is a luxury brand. Do you think LV products are expensive because of the brand or something else?", "That's awesome. It is so widely accessible. I guess with the way e-commerce is moving, that was the logical step for LV." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton Malletier, commonly referred to as Louis Vuitton ( ; ), or shortened to LV, is a fashion house and luxury retail company founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The label's LV monogram appears on most of its products, ranging from luxury trunks and leather goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories, sunglasses and books.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton is one of the world's leading international fashion houses; it sells its products through standalone boutiques, lease departments in high-end department stores, and through the e-commerce section of its website.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ For six consecutive years (2006–2012), Louis Vuitton was named the world's most valuable luxury brand.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Its 2012 valuation was US$25.9 billion.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The 2013 valuation of the brand was US$28.4 billion with revenue of US$9.4 billion.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The company operates in 50 countries with more than 460 stores worldwide.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The Louis Vuitton label was founded by Vuitton in 1854 on Rue Neuve des Capucines in Paris, France.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton had observed that the HJ Cave Osilite trunk could be easily stacked and in 1858, Vuitton introduced his flat-bottom trunks with trianon canvas, making them lightweight and airtight.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Before the introduction of Vuitton's trunks, rounded-top trunks were used, generally to promote water run off, and thus could not be stacked.", "Louis Vuitton Cup __knowledge__ The Louis Vuitton Cup is a yachting competition connected with the America's Cup.", "Louis Vuitton Cup __knowledge__ Since 1983, the Louis Vuitton Cup is used as the selection series in any year where multiple yachting syndicates are vying for the right to become the challenger for the America's Cup.", "Louis Vuitton Cup __knowledge__ Starting in 2017, a new Louis Vuitton Challenger’s Trophy was created—it was presented, for the first time, to the winner of the 2017 Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Challenger Playoffs, the competition held to determine the challenger in that year's America's Cup.", "Louis Vuitton Cup __knowledge__ Five out of the nine winners of the Louis Vuitton Cup competitions subsequently won the America's Cup itself.", "America's Cup __knowledge__ The America's Cup, affectionately known as the \"Auld Mug\", is a trophy awarded to the winner of the America's Cup match races between two sailing yachts.", "America's Cup __knowledge__ One yacht, known as the defender, represents the yacht club that currently holds the America's Cup and the second yacht, known as the challenger, represents the yacht club that is challenging for the cup.", "America's Cup __knowledge__ The timing of each match is determined by an agreement between the defender and the challenger.", "America's Cup __knowledge__ The America's Cup is the oldest international sporting trophy.", "America's Cup __knowledge__ It will next be raced for in the southern summer, in the early part of 2021.", "America's Cup __knowledge__ The cup was originally awarded in 1851 by the Royal Yacht Squadron for a race around the Isle of Wight in England, which was won by the schooner \"America\".", "Team New Zealand __knowledge__ Team New Zealand or TNZ is a sailing team based in Auckland, New Zealand representing the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron.", "Team New Zealand __knowledge__ Team New Zealand became a household name in their home country following their consecutive wins in the America's Cup in 1995 and 2000, under the leadership of Sir Peter Blake, when becoming the first team from a country outside the United States to win and successfully defend the America's Cup.", "Team New Zealand __knowledge__ In 2017, skippered by Glenn Ashby, they went on to retake the America's Cup.", "Team New Zealand __knowledge__ Three challenges were launched before the founding of Team New Zealand, all of these backed by Michael Fay.", "Louis Vuitton Pacific Series __knowledge__ The Louis Vuitton Pacific Series was a match race regatta in America's Cup Class yachts in Auckland, New Zealand during January and February 2009.", "Louis Vuitton Pacific Series __knowledge__ Racing started on 30 January.", "Louis Vuitton Pacific Series __knowledge__ The Louis Vuitton Pacific Series was organised in association with the New Zealand Government, Emirates Team New Zealand, the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron, Auckland City and Skycity Entertainment Group.", "Louis Vuitton Pacific Series __knowledge__ Bruno Troublé was Louis Vuitton's organizer and spokesperson for the Series.", "Louis Vuitton Pacific Series __knowledge__ The creation of the event was in response to the legal battle surrounding the America's Cup yachting competition at the time.", "Louis Vuitton Pacific Series __knowledge__ Because of the long delays from the legal action, and the fact that the 33rd America's Cup became a Deed of Gift match without a defender or challenger selection series, the Louis Vuitton Pacific Series was established as a competition for other America's Cup racing syndicates.", "Louis Vuitton Trophy __knowledge__ The Louis Vuitton Trophy was a series of four match race regattas in International America's Cup Class boats, held between November 2009 and November 2010.", "Louis Vuitton Trophy __knowledge__ The Louis Vuitton Trophy was organised after the success of the Louis Vuitton Pacific Series in Auckland and the continued legal battle surrounding the America's Cup yachting competition at the time.", "Louis Vuitton Trophy __knowledge__ Because of the long delays from the legal action, and the fact that the 33rd America's Cup became a Deed of Gift match without a defender or challenger selection series, the Louis Vuitton Trophy series was established as a competition for other America's Cup racing syndicates.", "Hip hop fashion __knowledge__ Hip hop fashion, also known as big fashion, is a distinctive style of dress originating from African American, Latin and other inner city youth on the scene of New York City, later followed by Los Angeles, Houston, Chicago, Philadelphia, the San Francisco Bay Area, Detroit, Memphis, Virginia, Atlanta, St. Louis and others.", "Hip hop fashion __knowledge__ Each city has contributed various elements to the overall style seen worldwide today.", "Hip hop fashion __knowledge__ Hip hop fashion complements the expressions and attitudes of hip hop culture in general.", "Hip hop fashion __knowledge__ Hip hop fashion has changed significantly during its history, and today it is a prominent part of popular fashion as a whole across the world and for all ethnicities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton Malletier, commonly referred to as Louis Vuitton ( ; ), or shortened to LV, is a fashion house and luxury retail company founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The label's LV monogram appears on most of its products, ranging from luxury trunks and leather goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories, sunglasses and books.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton is one of the world's leading international fashion houses; it sells its products through standalone boutiques, lease departments in high-end department stores, and through the e-commerce section of its website.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ For six consecutive years (2006–2012), Louis Vuitton was named the world's most valuable luxury brand.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Its 2012 valuation was US$25.9 billion.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The 2013 valuation of the brand was US$28.4 billion with revenue of US$9.4 billion.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The company operates in 50 countries with more than 460 stores worldwide.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The Louis Vuitton label was founded by Vuitton in 1854 on Rue Neuve des Capucines in Paris, France.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton had observed that the HJ Cave Osilite trunk could be easily stacked and in 1858, Vuitton introduced his flat-bottom trunks with trianon canvas, making them lightweight and airtight.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Before the introduction of Vuitton's trunks, rounded-top trunks were used, generally to promote water run off, and thus could not be stacked.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "Ginger Rogers __knowledge__ Ginger Rogers (born Virginia Katherine McMath; July 16, 1911 – April 25, 1995) was an American actress, dancer, and singer, widely known for performing in films and RKO's musical films, partnered with Fred Astaire.", "Ginger Rogers __knowledge__ She appeared on stage, as well as on radio and television, throughout much of the 20th century.", "Ginger Rogers __knowledge__ Born in Independence, Missouri, at 100 West Moore Street, and raised in Kansas City, Rogers and her family moved to Fort Worth, Texas, when she was nine years old.", "Ginger Rogers __knowledge__ After winning a 1925 Charleston dance contest that launched a successful vaudeville career, she gained recognition as a Broadway actress for her debut stage role in \"Girl Crazy\".", "The Problem Solvers __knowledge__ \"The Problem Solvers\" is the of the fourth season of the American television comedy series \"30 Rock\", and the 63rd overall episode of the series.", "The Problem Solvers __knowledge__ It was written by co-executive producer Ron Weiner and directed by co-executive producer John Riggi.", "The Problem Solvers __knowledge__ It originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network in the United States on November 12, 2009.", "The Problem Solvers __knowledge__ Guest stars in the episode include Josh Fadem, Cheyenne Jackson, Padma Lakshmi, and Shawn Levy.", "The Problem Solvers __knowledge__ In the episode, the new cast member for the fictional sketch comedy show \"The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan\" (\"TGS\"), Jack \"Danny\" Baker (Jackson) arrives on set and learns the intricacies of the show.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ When the circumstances of Genie, the primary victim in one of the most severe cases of abuse, neglect and social isolation on record in medical literature, first became known in early November 1970, authorities arranged for her admission to Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where doctors determined that at the age of 13 years and 7 months she had not acquired a first language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Hospital staff then began teaching Genie to speak General American English, and she gradually began to learn and use language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Their efforts soon caught the attention of linguists, who saw her as an important way to gain further insight into acquisition of language skills and linguistic development.", "32nd Infantry Division (United States) __knowledge__ The United States 32nd Infantry Division was formed from Army National Guard units from Wisconsin and Michigan and fought primarily during World War I and World War II.", "32nd Infantry Division (United States) __knowledge__ With roots as the Iron Brigade in the American Civil War, the division's ancestral units came to be referred to as the \"Iron Jaw Division\".", "32nd Infantry Division (United States) __knowledge__ During tough combat in France in World War I, it soon acquired from the French the nickname \"Les Terribles\", referring to its fortitude in advancing over terrain others could not.", "32nd Infantry Division (United States) __knowledge__ It was the first allied division to pierce the German Hindenburg Line of defense, and the 32nd then adopted its shoulder patch; a line shot through with a red arrow, to signify its tenacity in piercing the enemy line.", "Kapa Kapa Trail __knowledge__ The Kapa Kapa Trail is a steep, little-used mountain trail that stretches from the Kapa Kapa village (an English mispronunciation of Gabagaba) on the south coast of Papua New Guinea, across the extremely rugged Owen Stanley Range, to the vicinity of Jaure on the north side of the Peninsula.", "Kapa Kapa Trail __knowledge__ Also known as the Kapa Kapa-Jaure Track, the trail runs parallel to but southeast of the more well-known and more accessible Kokoda Track.", "Kapa Kapa Trail __knowledge__ The Kapa Kapa Track is more than twice as long as the Kokoda Track and at its highest point, , is more than higher.", "Kapa Kapa Trail __knowledge__ Total ascent and descent is around .", "Kapa Kapa Trail __knowledge__ Because the track is very steep, difficult, and unimproved, it has been hiked by very few non-native individuals.", "Shaun Morgan __knowledge__ Shaun Morgan Welgemoed (, born 21 December 1978), known publicly as Shaun Morgan, is a South African musician, singer, songwriter and guitarist for the South African rock band Seether.", "Shaun Morgan __knowledge__ Morgan spent all of his early life in South Africa.", "Shaun Morgan __knowledge__ He began to play the guitar by first learning to play “Polly” by Nirvana before starting to piece together bands that he could play with.", "Shaun Morgan __knowledge__ His biological father did not approve of his son playing in bands, so Shaun ran away from home in order to cut a demo while living in friends’ garages and even their cars.", "Shaun Morgan __knowledge__ Shaun eventually returned home to Pietermaritzburg to live with his mother and stepfather.", "Nicolas Ghesquière __knowledge__ Nicolas Ghesquière (; born 9 May 1971) is a French fashion designer and the current creative director of the house of Louis Vuitton (owned by LVMH).", "Nicolas Ghesquière __knowledge__ Ghesquière was born in Comines, Nord, the son of a Francophone Belgian golf-course owner and manager in the 7,500-inhabitant \"Poitevine\" town of Loudun and a French mother, who enjoyed fashion.", "Nicolas Ghesquière __knowledge__ He grew up in Loudun, Vienne.", "Nicolas Ghesquière __knowledge__ From a young age, Ghesquière enjoyed and practiced sports, such as horse riding, fencing, and swimming, and, in fact, many of his collections today use that inspiration, most notably his scuba mini dresses and recently his equestrian-inspired fall/winter 2006 ready-to-wear collection.", "French fashion __knowledge__ Fashion in France is an important aspect in the spectrum of culture and social life, as well as being an important aspect of the economy.", "French fashion __knowledge__ Fashion design and production gained prominence in France from the 15th century.", "French fashion __knowledge__ From the 17th century, it exploded into a rich industry both for local consumption and for export.", "French fashion __knowledge__ The Royal Minister of Finances, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, expressed it as \"\"Fashion is to France what the gold mines of Peru are to Spain...\"\".", "French fashion __knowledge__ During the 19th century, fashion transitioned into many styles.", "French fashion __knowledge__ The modern term of \"haute couture\" originated in the 1860s, for fashion in \"good taste\".", "Louis Vuitton Cup __knowledge__ The Louis Vuitton Cup is a yachting competition connected with the America's Cup.", "Louis Vuitton Cup __knowledge__ Since 1983, the Louis Vuitton Cup is used as the selection series in any year where multiple yachting syndicates are vying for the right to become the challenger for the America's Cup.", "Louis Vuitton Cup __knowledge__ Starting in 2017, a new Louis Vuitton Challenger’s Trophy was created—it was presented, for the first time, to the winner of the 2017 Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Challenger Playoffs, the competition held to determine the challenger in that year's America's Cup.", "Louis Vuitton Cup __knowledge__ Five out of the nine winners of the Louis Vuitton Cup competitions subsequently won the America's Cup itself.", "Prada __knowledge__ Prada S.p.A. (; ) is an Italian luxury fashion house, specializing in leather handbags, travel accessories, shoes, ready-to-wear, perfumes and other fashion accessories, founded in 1913 by Mario Prada.", "Prada __knowledge__ The company was started in 1913 by Mario Prada and his brother Martino as a leather goods shop – Fratelli Prada – in Milan, Italy.", "Prada __knowledge__ Initially, the shop sold animal goods and imported English steamer trunks and handbags.", "Prada __knowledge__ Mario Prada did not believe that women should have a role in business, and so he prevented female family members from entering his company.", "Prada __knowledge__ Ironically, Mario's son harbored no interest in the business, so it was his daughter Luisa Prada who took the helm of Prada as his successor, and ran it for almost twenty years.", "LVMH __knowledge__ LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE, better known as LVMH, is a European multinational luxury goods conglomerate, native of France and headquartered in Paris.", "LVMH __knowledge__ The company was formed in 1987 under the merger of fashion house Louis Vuitton with Moet Hennessy, a company formed after the 1971 merger between the champagne producer Moët & Chandon and Hennessy, the cognac manufacturer.", "LVMH __knowledge__ It controls around 60 subsidiaries that each manage a small number of prestigious brands.", "LVMH __knowledge__ The subsidiaries are often managed independently.", "LVMH __knowledge__ The oldest of the LVMH brands is wine producer Château d'Yquem, which dates its origins back to 1593.", "Goyard __knowledge__ Goyard is a French trunk and leather goods maker.", "Goyard __knowledge__ Established in 1853 in Paris, and previously doing business as Martin (Pierre-François Martin founded the House of Martin in 1792) and then Morel, it is older than Louis Vuitton by one year, although Bally was founded even earlier in 1851.", "Goyard __knowledge__ François Goyard (1828–1890) made box making, packing and trunk making the family’s trade when he purchased Maison Morel, successor to Maison Martin.", "Goyard __knowledge__ Edmond Goyard (1860–1937) expanded his business from 1885 to 1937.", "Goyard __knowledge__ Robert Goyard (1893–1979) was the face of the brand during the booming post-war years.", "Goyard __knowledge__ François Goyard played a significant role in further increasing the firm’s growth with his daughter Isabelle Goyard (1959-)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton Malletier, commonly referred to as Louis Vuitton ( ; ), or shortened to LV, is a fashion house and luxury retail company founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The label's LV monogram appears on most of its products, ranging from luxury trunks and leather goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories, sunglasses and books.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton is one of the world's leading international fashion houses; it sells its products through standalone boutiques, lease departments in high-end department stores, and through the e-commerce section of its website.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ For six consecutive years (2006–2012), Louis Vuitton was named the world's most valuable luxury brand.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Its 2012 valuation was US$25.9 billion.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The 2013 valuation of the brand was US$28.4 billion with revenue of US$9.4 billion.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The company operates in 50 countries with more than 460 stores worldwide.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The Louis Vuitton label was founded by Vuitton in 1854 on Rue Neuve des Capucines in Paris, France.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton had observed that the HJ Cave Osilite trunk could be easily stacked and in 1858, Vuitton introduced his flat-bottom trunks with trianon canvas, making them lightweight and airtight.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Before the introduction of Vuitton's trunks, rounded-top trunks were used, generally to promote water run off, and thus could not be stacked.", "Luxury goods __knowledge__ In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a good for which demand increases more than proportionally as income rises, and is a contrast to a \"necessity good\", for which demand increases proportionally less than income.", "Luxury goods __knowledge__ Luxury goods are often synonymous with superior goods and Veblen goods.", "Luxury goods __knowledge__ Luxury goods are said to have high income elasticity of demand: as people become wealthier, they will buy more and more of the luxury good.", "Luxury goods __knowledge__ This also means, however, that should there be a decline in income its demand will drop.", "Luxury goods __knowledge__ Income elasticity of demand is not constant with respect to income, and may change sign at different levels of income.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ Luxury vehicle is a marketing term for a vehicle that provides luxury — pleasant or desirable features beyond strict necessity — at increased expense.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ The term suggests a vehicle with higher quality equipment, better performance, more precise construction, comfort, higher design, technologically innovative modern, or features that convey an image, brand, status, or prestige, or any other 'discretionary' feature or combination of them.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ The term is also broad, highly variable and relative.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ It is a perceptual, conditional and subjective attribute that may be comprehended differently by different people; \"What is a luxury car to some... may be 'ordinary' to others.\"", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus originated from a corporate project to develop a new premium sedan, code-named F1, which began in 1983 and culminated in the launch of the Lexus LS in 1989.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Subsequently, the division added sedan, coupé, convertible and SUV models.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus did not exist as a brand in its home market until 2005, and all vehicles marketed internationally as Lexus from 1989 to 2005 were released in Japan under the Toyota marque and an equivalent model name.", "Lexus __knowledge__ In 2005, a hybrid version of the RX crossover debuted and additional hybrid models later joined the division's lineup.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus launched its own F marque performance division in 2007 with the debut of the IS F sport sedan, followed by the LFA supercar in 2009.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ The Lehigh Line is a railroad line in central New Jersey and northeastern Pennsylvania.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ It is owned and operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ The line runs west from the vicinity of the Port of New York and New Jersey (via Conrail's Lehigh Line to the Susquehanna River valley at the south end of the Wyoming Valley Coal Region.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ Administratively it is part of Norfolk Southern's Harrisburg Division and is also part of the Crescent Corridor.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ the line is freight-only, although there are perennial proposals to restore passenger service over all or part of the line.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ The Lehigh Line hosts approximately twenty-five trains per day.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ This issue contributes to Chinese luxury shopping behaviour regarded to the basic aspects of luxury industry.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ This work offers further information about the history of fashion and luxury goods market in different part of the continent focusing more on Chinese market.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ We can get closer to this field of social aspect highlighting Chinese middle class luxury shopping behaviour and gain more information from the field of luxuries.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ The term luxury comes from the Latin ´luxuria´, which means the ´extras of life´.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ The concept of luxury goods refers to have expensive, exclusive goods.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ Those goods often enjoy high brand perceived quality, and are characterised by high price, superb quality, aesthetic design, heritage, reputation, exclusivity, desirability, personality.", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura is the luxury vehicle marque of Japanese automaker Honda.", "Acura __knowledge__ The brand was launched in the United States and Canada in March 1986, marketing luxury, performance, and high-performance vehicles.", "Acura __knowledge__ It was introduced to Hong Kong in 1991, Mexico in 2004, China in 2006, Russia in 2014 and Kuwait in 2015, and is also sold in Ukraine.", "Acura __knowledge__ Honda's plan to introduce Acura to the Japanese domestic market (JDM) in 2008 was delayed, due to economic reasons, and later withheld as a result of the 2008 financial crisis.", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura holds the distinction of being the first Japanese automotive luxury brand.", "Acura __knowledge__ The creation of Acura coincided with the introduction of a JDM Honda dealership sales channel, called Honda Clio, which sold luxury vehicles, joining previously established Honda Verno, followed by Honda Primo the following year.", "Lancel (company) __knowledge__ Lancel is a French luxury leather goods company, founded in Paris in 1876 by Angèle and Alphonse Lancel and developed by their son Albert.", "Lancel (company) __knowledge__ The company manufactured pipes before expanding into leather goods and handbags.", "Lancel (company) __knowledge__ It remained in the hands of the couple's descendants until it was acquired in the late 1970s by the Zorbibe brothers, who then launched the popular bucket-shaped Elsa bag under Chief Executive Sidney Toledano, now CEO at Dior.", "Lancel (company) __knowledge__ Lancel provides leather goods for men and women, such as handbags, wallets, purses, travel items, suitcases, accessories...", "Lancel (company) __knowledge__ The brand has an over 140-year tradition creating luxury leather goods.", "Longchamp (company) __knowledge__ Longchamp is a French luxury leather goods company, founded in Paris in 1948 by Jean Cassegrain.", "Longchamp (company) __knowledge__ Jean Cassegrain produced the world's first luxury leather-covered pipes, then expanded into small leather goods, such as wallets, passport covers... Longchamp launched its first women handbag in 1971 and became one of France's leading leather goods makers.", "Longchamp (company) __knowledge__ The company's real breakthrough came with the use of nylon.", "Longchamp (company) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Longchamp created a leather and nylon fabric luggage collection.", "Longchamp (company) __knowledge__ For the first time, luggage were light, contrary to the overweight suitcases usually sold at that time.", "Longchamp (company) __knowledge__ This innovation led the company to design a women's handbag known throughout the world: Le Pliage, few decades later.", "Hermès __knowledge__ Hermès International S.A., Hermès of Paris, or simply Hermès (; ) is a French high fashion luxury goods manufacturer established in 1837.", "Hermès __knowledge__ It specializes in leather, lifestyle accessories, home furnishings, perfumery, jewellery, watches and ready-to-wear.", "Hermès __knowledge__ Its logo, since the 1950s, is of a Duc carriage with horse.", "Hermès __knowledge__ Nadège Vanhee-Cybulski is the current creative director.", "Hermès __knowledge__ Thierry Hermès was born in Krefeld, Germany, to a French father and a German mother.", "Hermès __knowledge__ The family moved to France in 1828.", "Hermès __knowledge__ In 1837, Hermès first established a harness workshop in the Grands Boulevards quarter of Paris, dedicated to serving European noblemen.", "Gucci __knowledge__ Gucci (; ) is an Italian luxury brand of fashion and leather goods, part of the Gucci Group, which is owned by the French holding company Kering.", "Gucci __knowledge__ Gucci was founded by Guccio Gucci in Florence in 1921.", "Gucci __knowledge__ Gucci generated about €4.2 billion in revenue worldwide in 2008 according to \"BusinessWeek\" and climbed to 41st position in the magazine's annual 2009 \"Top Global 100 Brands\" chart created by Interbrand; it retained that rank in Interbrand's 2014 index.", "Gucci __knowledge__ Gucci is also the biggest-selling Italian brand.", "Gucci __knowledge__ Gucci operates about 278 directly operated stores worldwide as of September 2009, and it wholesales its products through franchisees and upscale department stores.", "Christian Dior SE __knowledge__ Christian Dior SE (), commonly known as Dior, is a European luxury goods company controlled and chaired by French businessman Bernard Arnault, who also heads LVMH – the world's largest luxury group.", "Christian Dior SE __knowledge__ Dior itself holds 42.36% shares of and 59.01% voting rights within LVMH.", "Christian Dior SE __knowledge__ Founded in 1946 by the eponymous designer Christian Dior, today the company designs and retails ready-to-wear, leather goods, fashion accessories, footwear, jewelry, timepieces, fragrance, make-up, and skincare products while also maintaining its tradition as a creator of recognized haute-couture (under the \"Christian Dior Couture\" division).", "Italian fashion __knowledge__ Italy is one of the leading countries in fashion design, alongside others such as France, United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Japan.", "Italian fashion __knowledge__ Fashion has always been an important part of the country's cultural life and society, and Italians are well known for their attention of dressing-up well; \"\"la bella figura\"\", or good impression, remains traditional.", "Italian fashion __knowledge__ Italian became prominent during the 11th–16th centuries, when artistic development in Italy was at its peak.", "Italian fashion __knowledge__ Cities such as Palermo, Venice, Milan, Naples, Florence and Vicenza started to produce luxury goods, hats, cosmetics, jewelry and rich fabrics.", "Bottega Veneta __knowledge__ Bottega Veneta is an Italian luxury goods and high fashion brand house best known for its leather goods which are sold worldwide and its men's and women's ready-to-wear.", "Bottega Veneta __knowledge__ Founded in 1966 in Vicenza, Veneto of northeastern Italy, its atelier is located within an 18th-century villa in Montebello Vicentino and its headquarters are in Lugano, Switzerland with offices in Milan and Vicenza, Italy.", "Bottega Veneta __knowledge__ In 2001, Bottega Veneta was purchased by Gucci Group, and is now a part of the French multinational group Kering.", "Bottega Veneta __knowledge__ In September 2016, it was announced that Claus-Dietrich Lahrs would be named CEO, replacing Carlo Beretta." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton Malletier, commonly referred to as Louis Vuitton ( ; ), or shortened to LV, is a fashion house and luxury retail company founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The label's LV monogram appears on most of its products, ranging from luxury trunks and leather goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories, sunglasses and books.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton is one of the world's leading international fashion houses; it sells its products through standalone boutiques, lease departments in high-end department stores, and through the e-commerce section of its website.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ For six consecutive years (2006–2012), Louis Vuitton was named the world's most valuable luxury brand.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Its 2012 valuation was US$25.9 billion.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The 2013 valuation of the brand was US$28.4 billion with revenue of US$9.4 billion.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The company operates in 50 countries with more than 460 stores worldwide.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ The Louis Vuitton label was founded by Vuitton in 1854 on Rue Neuve des Capucines in Paris, France.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Louis Vuitton had observed that the HJ Cave Osilite trunk could be easily stacked and in 1858, Vuitton introduced his flat-bottom trunks with trianon canvas, making them lightweight and airtight.", "Louis Vuitton __knowledge__ Before the introduction of Vuitton's trunks, rounded-top trunks were used, generally to promote water run off, and thus could not be stacked.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ The Lehigh Line is a railroad line in central New Jersey and northeastern Pennsylvania.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ It is owned and operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ The line runs west from the vicinity of the Port of New York and New Jersey (via Conrail's Lehigh Line to the Susquehanna River valley at the south end of the Wyoming Valley Coal Region.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ Administratively it is part of Norfolk Southern's Harrisburg Division and is also part of the Crescent Corridor.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ the line is freight-only, although there are perennial proposals to restore passenger service over all or part of the line.", "Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern) __knowledge__ The Lehigh Line hosts approximately twenty-five trains per day.", "Liga Veneta __knowledge__ Liga Veneta (, English translation: \"Venetian League\", LV), whose complete name is Liga Veneta–Lega Nord (\"Venetian League–Northern League\"), is a regionalist political party based in Veneto, Italy.", "Liga Veneta __knowledge__ The LV, which combines Venetian nationalism and support for fiscal federalism, was the first party of its kind in Northern Italy, predating Umberto Bossi's Lega Lombarda by four years, and was a founding member of Lega Nord in 1991.", "Liga Veneta __knowledge__ Since then, Liga Veneta has been a \"national\" section of the federal party, thus retaining legal status and some autonomy.", "Liga Veneta __knowledge__ In the 2010 regional election the LV was by far the largest party in Veneto with 35.2% of the vote and LV's Luca Zaia, who was supported also by The People of Freedom, was elected President of Veneto with 60.2%.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ This is a list of the spiders found in India and is based on Siliwal, Molur and Biswas (2005).", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ I.a.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Agelena\" Walckenaer, 1805 I.b.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Tegenaria\" Latreille, 1804 II.a.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Amaurobius\" C.L.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Koch, 1837 II.b.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Tamgrinia\" Lehtinen, 1967 III.a.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Anyphaena\" Sundevall, 1833 IV.a.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Arachnura\" Vinson, 1863 IV.b.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Araneus\" Clerck, 1757 IV.c.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Araniella\" Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 IV.d.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Argiope\" Audouin, 1826 IV.e.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Cercidia\" Thorell, 1869 IV.f.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Chorizopes\" O.P.-Cambridge, 1870 IV.g.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Cyclosa\" Menge, 1866 IV.h.", "List of spiders of India __knowledge__ Genus \"Cyrtarachne\" Thorell, 1868 IV.i.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) toward social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ It aims to help in international development by bridging the digital divide and providing equitable access to technologies.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ ICT4D is grounded in the notions of \"development\", \"growth\", \"progress\" and \"globalization\" and is often interpreted as the use of technology to deliver a greater good.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Another similar term used in the literature is \"digital development\".", "List of Pokémon Trading Card Game sets __knowledge__ This is a list of Pokémon Trading Card Game sets which is a collectible card game first released in Japan in 1996.", "List of Pokémon Trading Card Game sets __knowledge__ As of September 2017, there are 74 card sets released in America and 68 in Japan.", "List of Pokémon Trading Card Game sets __knowledge__ The sets are generally broken into two lists; One for the first line of Wizards of the Coast cards, and the second after Nintendo's acquisition of the card game after Wizards.", "List of Pokémon Trading Card Game sets __knowledge__ When the series first launched in English in late 1998, Wizards of the Coast handled publishing.", "List of Pokémon Trading Card Game sets __knowledge__ The 1998 Pokémon Demo Game Pack was the earliest Pokémon card pack to be produced and released in the English Pokémon TCG and served as the first introduction to Pokemon cards in the United States.", "Aviación del Litoral Fluvial Argentino __knowledge__ The airline Aviación del Litoral Fluvial Argentino or A.L.F.A.", "Aviación del Litoral Fluvial Argentino __knowledge__ was a joint venture established on May 16, 1946 by the Argentine government, through national decree 13.532, and the merger of \"Corporación Sudamericana de Servicios Aéreos S.A.\" (CSSA) and \"Compania Dodero Navigacion Argentina SA\" (CDNA).", "Aviación del Litoral Fluvial Argentino __knowledge__ The airline flew to the Argentine coast, as well as reaching Asunción, Paraguay and Montevideo, operating with Short Sandringham and Sunderland flying boats.", "Aviación del Litoral Fluvial Argentino __knowledge__ In May 1949 it merged with other companies existing at the time, FAMA, ZONDA, and Aeroposta, to create Aerolíneas Argentinas.", "Aviación del Litoral Fluvial Argentino __knowledge__ The routes operated by ALFA had previously been flown by the following companies: in 1946.", "Department store __knowledge__ A department store is a retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different product categories known as \"departments\".", "Department store __knowledge__ In modern major cities, the department store made a dramatic appearance in the middle of the 19th century, and permanently reshaped shopping habits, and the definition of service and luxury.", "Department store __knowledge__ Similar developments were under way in London (with Whiteleys), in Paris (\"Le Bon Marché\" in 1852) and in New York (with Stewart's).", "Department store __knowledge__ Today, departments often include the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, houseware, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retail markets and shops have a very ancient history, dating back to antiquity.", "Retail __knowledge__ Over the centuries, retail shops were transformed from little more than \"rude booths\" to the sophisticated shopping malls of the modern era.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retailing involves the process of selling consumer goods or Services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retailers satisfy demand identified through a supply chain.", "Retail __knowledge__ Some of the earliest retailers were itinerant peddlers.", "Retail __knowledge__ The term \"retailer\" is typically applied where a service provider fills the small orders of a large number of individuals, who are end-users, rather than large orders of a small number of wholesale, corporate or government clientele.", "Van Cleef &amp; Arpels __knowledge__ Van Cleef & Arpels is a French jewelry, watch, and perfume company.", "Van Cleef &amp; Arpels __knowledge__ It was founded in 1896 by Alfred Van Cleef and his uncle Salomon Arpels in Paris.", "Van Cleef &amp; Arpels __knowledge__ Their pieces often feature flowers, animals, and fairies, and have been worn by style icons such as Farah Pahlavi, the Duchess of Windsor, Grace Kelly, Elizabeth Taylor and Eva Perón.", "Van Cleef &amp; Arpels __knowledge__ Alfred Van Cleef and his father-in-law, Salomon Arpels, founded the company in 1906.", "Van Cleef &amp; Arpels __knowledge__ In 1896, following Arpels’s death, Alfred and two of his brothers-in-law, Charles and Julien, acquired space for Van Cleef & Arpels at 22 Place Vendôme, across from the Hôtel Ritz, where Van Cleef & Arpels opened its first boutique shop.", "Target Corporation __knowledge__ Target Corporation is the second-largest discount store retailer in the United States, behind Walmart, and a component of the S&P 500 Index.", "Target Corporation __knowledge__ Founded by George Dayton and headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the company was originally named Goodfellow Dry Goods in June 1902 before being renamed the Dayton's Dry Goods Company in 1903 and later the Dayton Company in 1910.", "Target Corporation __knowledge__ The first Target store opened in Roseville, Minnesota in 1962 while the parent company was renamed the Dayton Corporation in 1967.", "Target Corporation __knowledge__ It became the Dayton-Hudson Corporation after merging with the J.L.", "Target Corporation __knowledge__ Hudson Company in 1969 and held ownership of several department store chains including Dayton's, Hudson's, Marshall Field's, and Mervyn's.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, was carried out during World War II by the United Kingdom and France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany - and later Fascist Italy - in order to sustain their war efforts.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The economic war consisted mainly of a naval blockade which formed part of the wider Battle of the Atlantic, and included the preclusive buying of war materials from neutral countries to prevent their sale to the enemy.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ There were four distinct phases of the blockade.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The first period was from the beginning of European hostilities in September 1939 to the end of the \"Phoney War,\" during which the Allies and Axis Powers both intercepted neutral merchant ships to seize deliveries en route to the enemy.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., doing business as Walmart, is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has 11,703 stores and clubs in 28countries, operating under 59 differentnames.", "Walmart __knowledge__ The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 6 ]

[ "Nice LV as it is also called is a fashion house and luxury retail company founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton.", "Yes, the Logo appears on their leather goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories and many more", "Yes they are not cheap, you can always get their goods in their standalone boutiques, lease departments in high-end department stores, and through the e-commerce section of its website", "US$Also they have done pretty well for themselves, the company has 28.4 billion with revenue of US$9.4 billion." ]

[ "Louis Vuitton", "Louis Vuitton", "Louis Vuitton", "Louis Vuitton" ]

[ "Fishing", "I think its ok at times. ", "No, i really havent been since I was little with my dad." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational pastime.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of Tianyuan man, a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational pastime.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of Tianyuan man, a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ One Ok Rock, stylized as ONE OK ROCK (pronounced in Japanese as \"one o'clock\"), is a Japanese rock band formed in Tokyo, Japan in 2005.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band currently consists of Takahiro Moriuchi (vocals), Toru Yamashita (guitar/leader), Ryota Kohama (bass), and Tomoya Kanki (drums).", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They have been playing many different styles of rock music, with songs ranging from alternative rock to emo to post-hardcore to pop rock.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band's name, ONE OK ROCK, comes from \"one o'clock\", the time that the band used to practice on weekends.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They chose to play at one o'clock in the morning because it was cheaper to use the rehearsal space during such hours.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ I'm OK – You're OK is a 1969 self-help book by Thomas Anthony Harris.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is a practical guide to transactional analysis as a method for solving problems in life.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ The book made the \"New York Times\" Best Seller list in 1972 and remained there for almost two years.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is estimated by the publisher to have sold over 15 million copies to date and to have been translated into over a dozen languages.http://www.drthomasharris.com/im-ok-youre-ok-book-thomas-harris/ In the preface, Harris praises the then-new procedure of transactional analysis (TA, or as Harris often refers to it, P-A-C) as a major innovation addressing the slow process and limited results that he and other psychiatric practitioners believed was characteristic of conventional psychiatry.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Kid A __knowledge__ Kid A is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released on 2 October 2000 by Parlophone.", "Kid A __knowledge__ After having suffered a mental breakdown promoting Radiohead's acclaimed 1997 album \"OK Computer\", songwriter Thom Yorke envisioned a radical change in direction.", "Kid A __knowledge__ The band replaced their rock sound with synthesisers, drum machines, the ondes Martenot, string orchestras and brass instruments, and incorporated influences from electronic music, krautrock, jazz, and 20th-century classical music.", "Kid A __knowledge__ They recorded \"Kid A\" with \"OK Computer\" producer Nigel Godrich in Paris, Copenhagen, Gloucestershire and their hometown Oxford, England.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ Tools are used by animals for purposes including acquiring food and water, grooming, defense, recreation or construction.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ Originally thought to be a skill only possessed by humans, some tool use requires a sophisticated level of cognition.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ There is considerable discussion about the definition of what constitutes a tool and therefore which behaviours can be considered as true examples of tool use.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ A wide range of animals are considered to use tools including mammals, birds, fish, cephalopods and insects.", "Tool use by animals __knowledge__ Primates are well known for using tools for hunting or gathering food and water, cover for rain, and self-defence.", "Big Fish (musical) __knowledge__ Big Fish is a musical with music and lyrics by Andrew Lippa and a book by John August.", "Big Fish (musical) __knowledge__ It is based on Daniel Wallace’s 1998 novel, \"\", and the 2003 film \"Big Fish\" written by August and directed by Tim Burton.", "Big Fish (musical) __knowledge__ \"Big Fish\" revolves around the relationship between Edward Bloom, a travelling salesman, and his adult son Will, who looks for what is behind his father’s tall stories.", "Big Fish (musical) __knowledge__ The story shifts between two timelines.", "Big Fish (musical) __knowledge__ In the present-day real world, sixty-year-old Edward Bloom faces his mortality while Will prepares to become a father himself.", "Big Fish (musical) __knowledge__ In the storybook past, Edward ages from a teenager, encountering a Witch, a Giant, a Mermaid, and the love of his life, Sandra.", "The Secret River (Rawlings book) __knowledge__ The Secret River is a children's fantasy book by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, author of \"The Yearling\".", "The Secret River (Rawlings book) __knowledge__ Published in 1955, \"The Secret River\" received a Newbery Honor Award.", "The Secret River (Rawlings book) __knowledge__ The first edition, illustrated by Caldecott Medal winner Leonard Weisgard, was issued after Rawlings' death.", "The Secret River (Rawlings book) __knowledge__ The book was revised and reissued in 2009 with illustrations by Caldecott Medalists Leo and Diane Dillon.", "The Secret River (Rawlings book) __knowledge__ The new edition received an international children's book design award in 2012.", "The Secret River (Rawlings book) __knowledge__ \"The Secret River\" is the only book Rawlings wrote specifically for children.", "The Secret River (Rawlings book) __knowledge__ The story of young Calpurnia, who goes on a quest to find a magical river and catch fish for her starving family and friends, it has two themes common in Rawlings' writing, the magic of childhood and the struggle of people to survive in a harsh environment.", "Grey-headed fish eagle __knowledge__ The grey-headed fish eagle (\"Haliaeetus ichthyaetus\") is a fish-eating bird of prey from South East Asia.", "Grey-headed fish eagle __knowledge__ It is a large stocky raptor with adults having dark brown upper body, grey head and lighter underbelly and white legs.", "Grey-headed fish eagle __knowledge__ Juveniles are paler with darker streaking.", "Grey-headed fish eagle __knowledge__ It is often confused with the lesser fish eagle (\"Haliaeetus humilis\") and the Pallas's fish eagle.", "Grey-headed fish eagle __knowledge__ The lesser fish eagle is similar in plumage but smaller and the Pallas’s fish eagle shares the same habitat and feeding behaviour but is larger with longer wings and darker underparts.", "Grey-headed fish eagle __knowledge__ Is often called tank eagle in Sri Lanka due to its fondness for irrigation tanks.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Cod fisheries are fisheries for cod.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Cod is the common name for fish of the genus \"Gadus\", belonging to the family Gadidae, and this article is confined to the three species that belong to this genus: the Atlantic cod, the Pacific cod and the Greenland cod.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Cod are demersal fish found in huge schools confined to temperate waters in the northern hemisphere.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Atlantic cod are found in the colder waters and deeper sea regions throughout the Northern Atlantic.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ The Pacific cod is found in both eastern and western regions of the Pacific.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Atlantic cod can grow to in length.", "Cod fisheries __knowledge__ Its average weight is , but specimens weighing up to have been recorded." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational pastime.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of Tianyuan man, a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ American Dad!", "American Dad! __knowledge__ is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane, Mike Barker, and Matt Weitzman for the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ \"American Dad!\"", "American Dad! __knowledge__ is the first television series to have its inception on Animation Domination.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ The series premiered on February 6, 2005, following Super Bowl XXXIX, three months before the rest of the first season aired as part of the Animation Domination block, commencing on May 1, 2005.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ Creative direction of \"American Dad!\"", "American Dad! __knowledge__ has largely been guided by Barker (prior to his exit from the show in season 10) and Weitzman as opposed to MacFarlane, resulting in a series that is different from its counterparts.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ This is a list of \"VeggieTales\" original videos.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ Where's God When I'm S-Scared?", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ was initially released on December 21, 1993 on VHS and was distributed by Word Entertainment on March 1, 1994.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ It features two stories about what to do when you are afraid.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ In the first segment, \"Tales from the Crisper\", Junior Asparagus is watching a scary movie before being told by his mother that he needs to go to bed.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ However, the movie has made him afraid and after imagining that his family in a portrait were frankenstein monsters, Bob and Larry drop in to help.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ After some discussion, the pair comfort Junior in song about how he does not need to be afraid because God is watching out for him and He is bigger than anything.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ It has aired since 2013 and is currently airing the fifth series.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005, and \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" that ran for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Faith Davis is a resident of Elm Tree House and Ashdene Ridge during the first two series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ She is portrayed by Leanne Dunstan.", "Seth MacFarlane __knowledge__ Seth Woodbury MacFarlane (; born October 26, 1973) is an American actor, producer, and singer, working primarily in animation and comedy, as well as live-action and other genres.", "Seth MacFarlane __knowledge__ MacFarlane is the creator of the TV series \"Family Guy\" (1999–2003, 2005–present) and \"The Orville\" (2017–present), and co-creator of the TV series \"American Dad!\"", "Seth MacFarlane __knowledge__ (2005–present) and \"The Cleveland Show\" (2009–2013).", "Seth MacFarlane __knowledge__ He also wrote, directed, and starred in the films \"Ted\" (2012), its sequel \"Ted 2\" (2015), and \"A Million Ways to Die in the West\" (2014).", "Seth MacFarlane __knowledge__ MacFarlane is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design, where he studied animation.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ It ran on for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005 and it is followed by \"The Dumping Ground\" that has aired since 2013.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Dani Harmer and Lisa Coleman reprised their roles as Tracy Beaker and Cam Lawson for \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Gina Conway, played by Kay Purcell, is a careworker at \"Elm Tree House\" in \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" and the first series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "6th Florida Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ The 6th Florida Infantry Regiment' was raised by the Confederate State of Florida for service to the Provisional Army of the Confederate States of America.", "6th Florida Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ Organized and released from state service in mid-April 1862, the regiment would leave the state in mid-June, 1862.", "6th Florida Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ It was assigned from June through August 1862 to the Army of East Tennessee (Department of East Tennessee), General Edmund Kirby Smith commanding.", "6th Florida Infantry Regiment __knowledge__ The Army of East Tennessee was redesignated as the Confederate Army of Kentucky on August 25, 1862, when General Smith led it into eastern Kentucky during the Confederate Heartland Offensive.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ Winx (foaled 14 September 2011) is a champion Australian Thoroughbred racehorse.", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ Starting in May 2015, she has won 22 consecutive stakes races at distances ranging from 1300 metres (roughly furlongs) to 2200 metres (roughly 11 furlongs).", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ In the World's Best Racehorse Rankings, she was the second-ranked filly or mare in 2015, improving in 2016 to become both the world's top-ranked filly or mare and the world's top-ranked turf horse.", "Winx (horse) __knowledge__ She retained this ranking in 2017, when she was also inducted to the Australian Racing Hall of Fame, only the third horse to earn this honour while still in training.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ \"Soldier\" is a song by American girl group Destiny's Child, featuring American rappers T.I.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ and Lil Wayne, from Destiny's Child's fourth studio album \"Destiny Fulfilled\" (2004).", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Soldier\" as the second single from \"Destiny Fulfilled\" on December 7, 2004.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ The trio, Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams, co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett and Rich Harrison; the latter co-produced it with Knowles.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ A Southern hip hop mid-tempo song, it lyrically describes each member's favorite type of male love interest.", "Soldier (Destiny's Child song) __knowledge__ \"Soldier\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics, who praised its composition and the trio's vocal performances, but criticized the lyrical content.", "Tern __knowledge__ Terns are seabirds in the family Laridae that have a worldwide distribution and are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands.", "Tern __knowledge__ Terns are treated as a subgroup of the family Laridae which includes gulls and skimmers and consist of eleven genera.", "Tern __knowledge__ They are slender, lightly built birds with long, forked tails, narrow wings, long bills, and relatively short legs.", "Tern __knowledge__ Most species are pale grey above and white below, with a contrasting black cap to the head, but the marsh terns, the Inca tern, and some noddies have dark plumage for at least part of the year.", "Tern __knowledge__ The sexes are identical in appearance, but young birds are readily distinguishable from adults.", "TBARS __knowledge__ Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS - are formed as a byproduct of lipid peroxidation (i.e.", "TBARS __knowledge__ as degradation products of fats) which can be detected by the TBARS assay using thiobarbituric acid as a reagent.", "TBARS __knowledge__ Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) have extremely short half-lives, they are difficult to measure directly.", "TBARS __knowledge__ Instead, what can be measured are several products of the damage produced by oxidative stress, such as TBARS.", "TBARS __knowledge__ Assay of TBARS measures malondialdehyde (MDA) present in the sample, as well as malondialdehyde generated from lipid hydroperoxides by the hydrolytic conditions of the reaction.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ The Scottish east coast fishery has been in existence for more than a thousand years, spanning the Viking age right up to the present day.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ The fishery has always been for both whitefish and herring.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ The Norsemen came to Scotland from the 9th to 11th centuries and settled in the Northern Isles, Western Isles and on the mainland.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ They had fish as a large part of their diet, and excavations of Viking sites in Orkney and Shetland have found middens (kitchen waste areas) containing large quantities of fish bones.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ These bones were mainly of cod, saithe and ling but herring, haddock and whiting bones were also found.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Gameplay of Pokémon __knowledge__ The gameplay of the \"Pokémon\" video game series involves the capturing and training of a variety of fictional creatures called \"Pokémon\" and using them to battle other trainers.", "Gameplay of Pokémon __knowledge__ Each successive generation of games builds upon this concept by introducing new Pokémon, items, and gameplay concepts.", "Gameplay of Pokémon __knowledge__ Some of the general concepts were featured elsewhere before being introduced in the games; double battles appeared in the anime long before appearing in the games, and Pokémon abilities are similar to the Pokémon Powers introduced in the \"Pokémon Trading Card Game\", which also introduced Shiny Pokémon, different colors of that type of the original Pokémon." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "I love to go catch fish. Do you ever do it?", "I enjoy it a lot. I normally catch them in the wild. Do you have a favorite type?", "When you went, did you hand gather them, use a net, or trapping? Or just a fishing rod?" ]

[ "Fishing", "Fishing", "Fishing" ]

[ "Fishing\nDo you enjoy fishing, it is one of my best outdoor fun?", "I do not want bigger fish. I only want to use the traditional hook and line", "I love crabs but i have never caught them before. I buy it if i feel like taking it", "What other parts of fishing do you like or are you an expert in?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational pastime.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of Tianyuan man, a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish.", "Tourism in Uruguay __knowledge__ Tourism in Uruguay is an important facet of the nation's economy.", "Tourism in Uruguay __knowledge__ Uruguay has different tourist destinations among those that stand Punta del Este, Piriápolis, Montevideo, Colonia del Sacramento, Salto, Lavalleja, Rocha, Artigas, Rivera, among others.", "Tourism in Uruguay __knowledge__ Nearly 1.8 million tourists arrived in 2007, and their estimated expenditures in 2007 were of around US$800 million - an increase over 2006 levels of about a third.", "Tourism in Uruguay __knowledge__ Domestic expenditures, however, remained around 60% of the nation's tourist activity.", "Tourism in Uruguay __knowledge__ The following is a summary of indicators of activity in the nation's tourism sector.", "Tourism in Uruguay __knowledge__ Punta del Este is located at the extreme southeast of the country, on a small peninsula that gives it its name and taken as conventional limit on the Uruguayan coast between Atlantic Ocean and River Plate.", "Beatus Rhenanus __knowledge__ Beatus Rhenanus (22 August 148520 July 1547), also known as Beatus Bild, was a German humanist, religious reformer, classical scholar, and book collector.", "Beatus Rhenanus __knowledge__ Rhenanus was born in Schlettstadt (Sélestat) in Alsace.", "Beatus Rhenanus __knowledge__ His father, Anton Bild, was a prosperous butcher from Rhinau (the source of his name \"Rhenanus\", which Beatus Latinised from his father, who was known as the \"Rhinauer\", the \"man from Rheinau\").", "Beatus Rhenanus __knowledge__ Anton emigrated to Schlettstadt and eventually became one of its Burgermeisters.", "Beatus Rhenanus __knowledge__ He was able to provide his son with an excellent education.", "Beatus Rhenanus __knowledge__ Rhenanus attended the famous Latin school of Schlettstadt, and in 1503, went to the University of Paris, where he came under the influence of Jacobus Faber Stapulensis, an eminent Aristotelian.", "FC Sélestat __knowledge__ FC Sélestat is a French football from the city of Sélestat in Alsace, France.", "FC Sélestat __knowledge__ It was established in 1906 as the German club Fussball Klub 1906 Schlettstadt in what was at the time Schlettstadt, Elsass, in Germany.", "FC Sélestat __knowledge__ Following the Franco-Prussian War, the territories of Alsace and parts of Lorraine were ceded to Germany as Elsass and Lothringen.", "FC Sélestat __knowledge__ \"SV\" was formed out of the merger of predecessor sides \"Schlettstadter Fussball-Klub 1906\" and \"Fussball-Klub Sport Schlettstadt\" and played as an undistinguished local side.", "FC Sélestat __knowledge__ The disputed territories once again became part of France after World War I and \"Schlettstadt\" joined that country's football competition in 1920 as \"Sportclub Sélestat\" in the regional top-flight Division d'Honneur Alsace.", "Sélestat __knowledge__ Sélestat (; Alsatian: \"Schlettstàdt\"; German: \"Schlettstadt\") is a commune in the northeast region of France.", "Sélestat __knowledge__ An administrative division (sous-préfecture) of the Bas-Rhin department, the town lies on the Ill river, from the Rhine and the German border.", "Sélestat __knowledge__ Sélestat is located between the largest communes of Alsace, Strasbourg and Mulhouse.", "Sélestat __knowledge__ In 2013, Sélestat had a total population of 19,332, which makes it the eighth most populous town in Alsace.", "Sélestat __knowledge__ During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance it was the third largest city in the region, after Strasbourg and Colmar, and it is ranked the third commune in Alsace for cultural heritage.", "Ivan Ukhov __knowledge__ Ivan Sergeyevich Ukhov (; born 29 March 1986) is a Russian high jumper.", "Ivan Ukhov __knowledge__ He won a gold medal at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships and is a two-time European Indoor champion (2009 and 2011).", "Ivan Ukhov __knowledge__ He was also the silver medallist at the 2010 European Athletics Championships and the winner of the high jump at the inaugural 2010 IAAF Diamond League.", "Ivan Ukhov __knowledge__ In the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, he won the gold medal.", "Ivan Ukhov __knowledge__ Ukhov has broken the Russian national record indoors four times: jumping 2.39 meters on 28 January 2007 in Moscow; besting that with a 2.40 m jump on 25 February 2009 in Athens; and establishing a new absolute record (indoors & outdoors) of 2.41m (7' 10-3/4\") on 16 January 2014 in Chelyabinsk; and then achieving 2.42 m on 25 February 2014 in Prague.", "Ralph W. 'Bud' Leavitt Jr. __knowledge__ Ralph W. 'Bud' Leavitt Jr. (1917–1994) was a Maine newspaperman who was executive sports editor of \"The Bangor Daily News\", and a longtime outdoor columnist recognized statewide.", "Ralph W. 'Bud' Leavitt Jr. __knowledge__ In addition to his writing, Leavitt hosted one of Maine's earliest television shows, which was devoted to fishing, hunting and the out-of-doors.", "Ralph W. 'Bud' Leavitt Jr. __knowledge__ Leavitt's stature within the state was such that columnist Roy Blount Jr. wrote of the Maine sportswriter that he \"fishes with Ted Williams and Red Smith – or, rather, they trout-fish with him.\"", "Ralph W. 'Bud' Leavitt Jr. __knowledge__ An early conservationist and son of a paper mill union leader, Leavitt urged the state of Maine to acquire lands for public use; one such preserve is today named for the sportswriter and television personality.", "Best Outdoor Sportsman ESPY Award __knowledge__ The Best Outdoor Sportsman ESPY Award was presented annually from 2002 to 2005 to the \"outdoor sportsperson\", irrespective of gender or specific sport contested, adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year of those contesting the outdoor individual sports—understood as those related to outdoor recreation and nature-based occupation, including sport fishing, most especially of bass, and lumberjacking, most especially the logrolling, wood chopping, and high-climbing disciplines thereof—on an amateur or professional level primarily in the United States or Canada.", "Best Outdoor Sportsman ESPY Award __knowledge__ The award was partially replaced in 2006 by the Best Angler ESPY Award." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational pastime.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of Tianyuan man, a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ There are two major sources of fish in Uganda; one is from aquaculture, the other from fishing in rivers and lakes.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ The latter has made up the largest and most significant share of all fishing.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ Open water covers 15.3 percent of Uganda's surface and comprises five major lakes (Lake Victoria, Lake Albert (Africa), Lake Kyoga, Lake Edward and Lake George (Uganda) which are the main sources of fish in the country.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ Lake Victoria continues to be the most important water body in Uganda both in size and contribution to the total fish catch, followed by Lake Albert and Lake Kyoga.", "Fishing in Uganda __knowledge__ Uganda's main sources of fish supply for both the domestic and export markets are the districts on Lake Victoria, particularly Mukono, Mpigi, Kalangala, Masaka and Luwero.", "Fishing gear and methods used in Uganda __knowledge__ Fishing gear and methods used in Uganda are both modern and traditional.", "Fishing gear and methods used in Uganda __knowledge__ Fish in Uganda are caught mostly with plank canoes and to a lesser extent, fibreglass boats.", "Fishing gear and methods used in Uganda __knowledge__ Some dugout canoes are also still being used.", "Fishing gear and methods used in Uganda __knowledge__ The plank canoes are generally 4 to 12 m in length and dugout canoes average 3.5 m. The total number of vessels is about 17,000 and about 20% of these are motorised.", "Fishing gear and methods used in Uganda __knowledge__ Artisanal fishermen utilise various gears including gillnets, seines and hook and line.", "Fishing gear and methods used in Uganda __knowledge__ In a number of localities, traditional methods including baskets, traps and mosquito nets continue to be used.", "Fishing gear and methods used in Uganda __knowledge__ The gears commonly used include gill nets, lift-nets, scoop-nets used in light fishing; hook and line gear (hand-lines, fishing rods or tackles) and fish traps.", "X86-64 __knowledge__ x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64 and Intel 64) is the 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set.", "X86-64 __knowledge__ It supports vastly larger amounts (theoretically, 2 bytes or 16 exabytes) of virtual memory and physical memory than is possible on its 32-bit predecessors, allowing programs to store larger amounts of data in memory.", "X86-64 __knowledge__ x86-64 also provides 64-bit general-purpose registers and numerous other enhancements.", "X86-64 __knowledge__ x86-64 processors can boot in a fully backward compatible \"legacy mode\", without 64-bit support, for 16-bit and 32-bit x86 software that requires real mode, or in a \"compatibility mode\" that allows 64-bit applications to coexist with 16- and 32-bit protected mode software if the 64-bit system software supports them.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Marlin fishing (also called billfishing) is considered by some game fishermen to be a pinnacle of offshore game fishing, due to the size and power of the four marlin species and their relative rareness.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Fishing for marlin captured the imagination of some sport fishermen in the 1930s, when well-known angler/authors Zane Grey, who fished for black, striped, and blue marlin in the Pacific, and Ernest Hemingway, who fished the Florida Keys, Bahamas and Cuba for Atlantic blue marlin and white marlin, wrote extensively about their pursuit and enthused about the sporting qualities of their quarry.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ These days a lot of resources are committed to the construction of private and charter billfishing boats to participate in the billfishing tournament circuit.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ A fish hook or fishhook is a device for catching fish either by impaling them in the mouth or, more rarely, by snagging the body of the fish.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ Fish hooks have been employed for centuries by fishermen to catch fresh and saltwater fish.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ In 2005, the fish hook was chosen by \"Forbes\" as one of the top twenty tools in the history of man.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ Fish hooks are normally attached to some form of line or lure which connects the caught fish to the fisherman.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ There is an enormous variety of fish hooks in the world of fishing.", "Fish hook __knowledge__ Sizes, designs, shapes, and materials are all variable depending on the intended purpose of the fish hook.", "Hook (Once Upon a Time) __knowledge__ Captain Killian \"Hook\" Jones is a fictional character in ABC's television series \"Once Upon a Time\".", "Hook (Once Upon a Time) __knowledge__ He is portrayed by Irish actor/musician Colin O'Donoghue, who became a series regular in the second season after making recurring appearances and has become a fan favorite since his debut.", "Hook (Once Upon a Time) __knowledge__ He is based on the character from J. M. Barrie's play, \"Peter and Wendy\".", "Hook (Once Upon a Time) __knowledge__ In the Enchanted Forest, Killian Jones is the younger brother of Liam Jones.", "Hook (Once Upon a Time) __knowledge__ As children, their father abandoned them and sold them into servitude to Captain Silver.", "Hook (Once Upon a Time) __knowledge__ However, with the help of the god Hades, the two escape servitude and become crew members of the \"Jewel of the Realm\".", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the practice of catching fish.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ It is a pre-historic practice dating back at least 40,000 years.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as shellfish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term is not usually applied to catching aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or to farmed fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Other devices, commonly referred to as \"terminal tackle\", are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Lures are frequently used in place of bait.", "Angling __knowledge__ Angling is a method of fishing by means of an \"angle\" (fish hook).", "Angling __knowledge__ The hook is usually attached to a fishing line and the line is often attached to a fishing rod.", "Angling __knowledge__ Fishing rods are usually fitted with a fishing reel that functions as a mechanism for storing, retrieving and paying out the line.", "Angling __knowledge__ Tenkara fishing and cane pole fishing are two techniques that do not use a reel.", "Angling __knowledge__ The hook itself can be dressed with bait, but sometimes a lure, with hooks attached to it, is used in place of a hook and bait.", "Angling __knowledge__ A bite indicator such as a float, and a weight or sinker are sometimes used.", "Angling __knowledge__ Angling is the principal method of sport fishing, but commercial fisheries also use angling methods such as longlining or trolling." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational pastime.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of Tianyuan man, a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish.", "Great Train Robbery (1963) __knowledge__ The Great Train Robbery was the robbery of £2.6 million from a Royal Mail train heading from Glasgow to London on the West Coast Main Line in the early hours of 8 August 1963, at Bridego Railway Bridge, Ledburn, near Mentmore in Buckinghamshire, England.", "Great Train Robbery (1963) __knowledge__ After tampering with line signals, a 15-strong gang of robbers led by Bruce Reynolds attacked the train.", "Great Train Robbery (1963) __knowledge__ Other gang members included Gordon Goody, Buster Edwards, Charlie Wilson, Roy James, John Daly, Jimmy White, Ronnie Biggs, Tommy Wisbey, Jim Hussey, Bob Welch and Roger Cordrey, as well as three men known only as numbers \"1\", \"2\" and \"3\".", "Great Train Robbery (1963) __knowledge__ A 16th man, an unnamed retired train driver, was also present at the time of the robbery.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Crab __knowledge__ Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting \"tail\" (abdomen) ( = short, = tail), usually entirely hidden under the thorax.", "Crab __knowledge__ They live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton and have a single pair of claws.", "Crab __knowledge__ Many other animals with similar names – such as hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, horseshoe crabs, and crab lice – are not true crabs.", "Crab __knowledge__ Crabs are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, composed primarily of highly mineralized chitin, and armed with a single pair of chelae (claws).", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ Dirty Work is the fourth studio album by American rock band All Time Low.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ Following the success of \"Nothing Personal\" in mid-2009, the band signed to major label Interscope Records in November of that year.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ During the next month, the band began writing for their \"Dirty Work\" and ended up demoing 20 songs.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ After spending sometime writing material in Los Angeles, the band started recording their fourth album with Mike Green in March 2010.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ Over the following months the band recorded songs with John Fields, Butch Walker, Matt Squire, David Kahne and U4L.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ In between sessions, the band embarked on the Bamboozle Roadshow tour.", "Pain in crustaceans __knowledge__ The question of whether crustaceans experience pain is a matter of scientific debate.", "Pain in crustaceans __knowledge__ Pain is a complex mental state, with a distinct perceptual quality but also associated with suffering, which is an emotional state.", "Pain in crustaceans __knowledge__ Because of this complexity, the presence of pain in an animal, or another human for that matter, cannot be determined unambiguously using observational methods, but the conclusion that animals experience pain is often inferred on the basis of likely presence of phenomenal consciousness which is deduced from comparative brain physiology as well as physical and behavioural reactions.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical Markov model in which the system being modeled is assumed to be a Markov process with unobserved (i.e.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ \"hidden\") states.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ The hidden Markov model can be represented as the simplest dynamic Bayesian network.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ The mathematics behind the HMM were developed by L. E. Baum and coworkers.", "Hidden Markov model __knowledge__ In simpler Markov models (like a Markov chain), the state is directly visible to the observer, and therefore the state transition probabilities are the only parameters, while in the hidden Markov model, the state is not directly visible, but the output, dependent on the state, is visible.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ Hatch Mott MacDonald (HMM) is a consulting engineering firm serving public and private clients in North America.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM’s capabilities include planning, project development, studies and analysis, design, procurement, and construction engineering and inspection.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM also provides project, program and construction management as well as facility maintenance and operations.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ Hatch Mott MacDonald was founded in 1996 by its parent companies, Hatch Ltd and Mott MacDonald.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM was intended to take advantage of engineering opportunities in North America.", "Hatch Mott MacDonald __knowledge__ HMM originally provided the bulk of its services in transportation, including the design of tunnels, rail systems, bridges, highways, and airport infrastructure.", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 365 (VMM-365) is a United States Marine Corps tiltrotor squadron consisting of MV-22B Osprey transport aircraft.", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ The squadron, known as the \"Blue Knights\", is based at Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 26 (MAG-26) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW).", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ Provide assault support of combat troops, supplies, and equipment during amphibious operations and subsequent operations ashore.", "VMM-365 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 365 was established on July 1, 1963 at Marine Corps Air Facility Santa Ana, California.", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 265 (VMM-265) is a United States Marine Corps transport squadron consisting of MV-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft.", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ The squadron, known as the \"Dragons\", is based at Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, Okinawa, Japan and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 36 (MAG-36) and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1st MAW).", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ Support the Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Commander by providing assault support transport of combat troops, supplies and equipment, day or night under all weather conditions during expeditionary, joint or combined operations.", "VMM-265 __knowledge__ HMM-265 was commissioned on October 1, 1962 at Marine Corps Air Facility Jacksonville, North Carolina.", "Golden ghost crab __knowledge__ Ocypode convexa, commonly known as the golden ghost crab, or alternatively the western ghost crab or yellow ghost crab, is a species of ghost crabs endemic to the coast of Western Australia, from Broome to Perth.", "Golden ghost crab __knowledge__ They are relatively large ghost crabs, with a carapace growing up to long and wide.", "Golden ghost crab __knowledge__ They are easily recognisable by their golden yellow colouration.", "Golden ghost crab __knowledge__ Like other ghost crabs they have box-like bodies with unequally sized claws.", "Golden ghost crab __knowledge__ They also have large eyestalks with the cornea occupying most of the bottom part.", "Golden ghost crab __knowledge__ Golden ghost crabs are common inhabitants of open sandy beaches, living in burrows in the intertidal and supratidal zones.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Tilt Rotor Squadron 165 (VMM-165) is a United States Marine Corps Tilt-rotor squadron consisting of MV-22B Osprey transport aircraft.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ The squadron, known as the \"White Knights\", is based at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California and fall under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 16 (MAG-16) and the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW).", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Provide assault support transport of combat troops, supplies and equipment during expeditionary, joint or combined operations.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Be prepared for short-notice, worldwide employment in support of Marine Air-Ground Task Force operations.", "VMM-165 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 165 was activated on July 1, 1965 at Marine Corps Air Station Santa Ana, California as part of Marine Aircraft Group 36, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing.", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 164 (VMM-164), is a United States Marine Corps tiltrotor squadron operating the MV-22B Osprey.", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ Known as the \"Knightriders\", they fall under the command Marine Aircraft Group 39 (MAG-39) and the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW).", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ They are based at Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton.", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 164 (HMM-164) was activated under LtCol.", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ Herbert J. Blaha on July 1, 1964 at Marine Corps Air Station Santa Ana, California as part of Marine Aircraft Group 36.", "VMM-164 __knowledge__ In August 1965 the squadron transferred to Marine Wing Support Group 37 at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational pastime.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of Tianyuan man, a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the practice of catching fish.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ It is a pre-historic practice dating back at least 40,000 years.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as shellfish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term is not usually applied to catching aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or to farmed fish.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Fishing Creek (North Branch Susquehanna River tributary) __knowledge__ Fishing Creek is a long tributary of the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.", "Fishing Creek (North Branch Susquehanna River tributary) __knowledge__ It joins the Susquehanna River near the census-designated place of Rupert and the town of Bloomsburg.", "Fishing Creek (North Branch Susquehanna River tributary) __knowledge__ The watershed has an area of .", "Fishing Creek (North Branch Susquehanna River tributary) __knowledge__ Nomadic Native Americans arrived in the lower reaches of Fishing Creek around 8000 BCE, and some were spending winters in the upper reaches of the valley by 3000 to 2000 BCE.", "Fishing Creek (North Branch Susquehanna River tributary) __knowledge__ In the past few centuries, the Fishing Creek area has been home to many industries, mills, and dams.", "Fishing Creek (North Branch Susquehanna River tributary) __knowledge__ It drains parts of five Pennsylvania counties: Columbia, Montour, Sullivan, Luzerne, and Lycoming.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Marlin fishing (also called billfishing) is considered by some game fishermen to be a pinnacle of offshore game fishing, due to the size and power of the four marlin species and their relative rareness.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Fishing for marlin captured the imagination of some sport fishermen in the 1930s, when well-known angler/authors Zane Grey, who fished for black, striped, and blue marlin in the Pacific, and Ernest Hemingway, who fished the Florida Keys, Bahamas and Cuba for Atlantic blue marlin and white marlin, wrote extensively about their pursuit and enthused about the sporting qualities of their quarry.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ These days a lot of resources are committed to the construction of private and charter billfishing boats to participate in the billfishing tournament circuit.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ A fishing rod is a long, flexible rod used to catch fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ At its simplest, a fishing rod is a simple stick or pole attached to a line ending in a hook (formerly known as an \"angle\", hence the term angling).", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The length of the rod can vary between .", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ To entice fish, bait or lures are impaled on one or more hooks attached to the line.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The line is generally stored on a reel which reduces tangles and assists in landing a fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ Traditionally rods are made from bamboo, while contemporary rods are usually made from fibreglass or carbon fibre.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ In contrast with nets, which are usually used in subsistence and commercial fishing, fishing rods are more often used in recreational fishing and competitive casting.", "Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing __knowledge__ Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is an international issue around the world.", "Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing __knowledge__ Industry observers believe IUU occurs in most fisheries, and accounts for up to 30% of total catches in some important fisheries.", "Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing __knowledge__ Illegal fishing takes place when vessels or harvesters operate in violation of the laws of a fishery.", "Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing __knowledge__ This can apply to fisheries that are under the jurisdiction of a coastal state or to high seas fisheries regulated by regional fisheries management organisations (RFMO).", "Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing __knowledge__ According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, illegal fishing has caused losses estimated at US$23 billion per year with about 30% of illegal fishing in the world occurring in Indonesia alone.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ Mullion Cove or Porth Mellin is a small community on the west coast of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is on the eastern side of the Mount's Bay.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ The Cove forms part of the parish of Mullion, and is accessible by road from Mullion village, away to the north east, and also by the popular South West coast path.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It lies within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) The Cove is south of Porthleven and southeast of Penzance by sea.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is south of Helston by land and southwest of Falmouth by land.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ In 1937 a stretch of the coast from Mullion Cove to Predannack was preserved for the nation with the help of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England (CPRE) and the National Trust.", "Pain in crustaceans __knowledge__ The question of whether crustaceans experience pain is a matter of scientific debate.", "Pain in crustaceans __knowledge__ Pain is a complex mental state, with a distinct perceptual quality but also associated with suffering, which is an emotional state.", "Pain in crustaceans __knowledge__ Because of this complexity, the presence of pain in an animal, or another human for that matter, cannot be determined unambiguously using observational methods, but the conclusion that animals experience pain is often inferred on the basis of likely presence of phenomenal consciousness which is deduced from comparative brain physiology as well as physical and behavioural reactions.", "California spiny lobster __knowledge__ The California spiny lobster (\"Panulirus interruptus\") is a species of spiny lobster found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Monterey Bay, California to the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico.", "California spiny lobster __knowledge__ It typically grows to a length of and is a reddish-brown color with stripes along the legs, and has a pair of enlarged antennae but no claws.", "California spiny lobster __knowledge__ The interrupted grooves across the tail are characteristic for the species.", "California spiny lobster __knowledge__ Females can carry up to 680,000 eggs, which hatch after 10 weeks into flat \"phyllosoma\" larvae.", "California spiny lobster __knowledge__ These feed on plankton before the metamorphosis into the juvenile state.", "California spiny lobster __knowledge__ Adults are nocturnal and migratory, living among rocks at depths of up to , and feeding on sea urchins, clams, mussels and worms.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Lobster __knowledge__ Lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans.", "Lobster __knowledge__ Lobsters have long bodies with muscular tails, and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor.", "Lobster __knowledge__ Three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the others.", "Lobster __knowledge__ Highly prized as seafood, lobsters are economically important, and are often one of the most profitable commodities in coastal areas they populate.", "Lobster __knowledge__ Commercially important species include two species of \"Homarus\" (which looks more like the stereotypical lobster) from the northern Atlantic Ocean, and scampi (which looks more like a shrimp, or a \"mini lobster\") – the Northern Hemisphere genus \"Nephrops\" and the Southern Hemisphere genus \"Metanephrops\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords." ] ]

[ 3, 4, 0, 38 ]

[ "Yeah, fishing is fun! I love using multiple techniques to catch bigger fish too such as angling and trapping them.", "Hmm, that's interesting. So you don't like catching other animals like mollusks or crabs?", "Yeah, I agree. I feel like it's too much of a process to catch your own crabs. Same goes with Lobster. ", "I mean, I really like experimenting with my bait, hooks and tackles to see how they affect my catching times. " ]

[ "Fishing", "Fishing", "Fishing", "Fishing" ]

[ "Parenting", "It certain is. I am a parent.", "Could you tell me more about it? I am interested.", "Thank you. Are you a parent? If you are, what strategy do you use to raise your children?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Child support __knowledge__ In family law and public policy, child support (or child maintenance) is an ongoing, periodic payment made by a parent for the financial benefit of a child (or parent, caregiver, guardian, or state) following the end of a marriage or other relationship.", "Child support __knowledge__ Child maintenance is paid directly or indirectly by an \"obligor\" to an \"obligee\" for the care and support of children of a relationship that has been terminated, or in some cases never existed.", "Child support __knowledge__ Often the obligor is a non-custodial parent.", "Child support __knowledge__ The obligee is typically a custodial parent, a caregiver, a guardian, or the state.", "Child support __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction, a custodial parent may pay child support to a non-custodial parent.", "Single parent __knowledge__ A single parent is a parent that parents alone without the other parent's support, meaning this particular parent is the only parent to the child, responsible for all financial, material, and emotional needs.", "Single parent __knowledge__ It means there is an absence of the other parent as opposed to a co-parent, meaning that the parent is not the only parent regardless of whether or not they are a couple.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Of course, this definition is loosely true.", "Single parent __knowledge__ There is no true definition of what \"single parent\" means and is more based on opinions.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Sometimes, one finds themselves in a single-parent family structure that has arisen due to death of the partner, intentional artificial insemination, or unplanned pregnancy.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ The manner in which assets are distributed depends on whether the deceased has left a valid will or other valid document containing testamentary provisions, such as an antenuptial contract.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ If the deceased has not left a valid will or valid document containing testamentary provisions, the deceased dies intestate; similarly, if the deceased leaves a valid will which does not dispose of all property, there is an intestacy as to the portion not disposed of.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ In the event of intestacy, the assets are distributed in a definite order of preference among the heirs, as stipulated by the Intestate Succession Act.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.", "Soil __knowledge__ The Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere.", "Soil __knowledge__ The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates \"ground stone\".", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution).", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ Parental alienation is the process, and the result, of psychological manipulation of a child into showing unwarranted fear, disrespect or hostility towards a parent and/or other family members.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ It is a distinctive form of psychological abuse and family violence, towards both the child and the rejected family members, that occurs almost exclusively in association with family separation or divorce, particularly where legal action is involved.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ It undermines core principles of both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ Most commonly, the primary cause is a parent wishing to exclude another parent from the life of their child, but other family members or friends, as well as professionals involved with the family (including psychologists, lawyers and judges), may contribute significantly to the process.", "Child custody __knowledge__ Child custody and \"legal guardianship\" are legal terms which are used to describe the legal and practical relationship between a parent or guardian and a child in that person's care, such as the right to make decisions on behalf of a child and the duty to care for and support the child.", "Child custody __knowledge__ Following ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in most countries, terms such as parental responsibility, \"residence\" and \"contact\" (also known as \"visitation\", \"conservatorship\" or \"parenting time\" in the United States) have superseded the concepts of \"custody\" and \"access\" in some member nations.", "Canadian nationality law __knowledge__ Canadian nationality law is promulgated by the Citizenship Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-29) since 1977.", "Canadian nationality law __knowledge__ The Act determines who is, or is eligible to be, a citizen of Canada.", "Canadian nationality law __knowledge__ The Act replaced the previous Canadian Citizenship Act (S.C. 1946, c. 15; cited after 1970 as R.S.C.", "Canadian nationality law __knowledge__ 1970, c. C-19) in 1977 and has gone through four significant amendments, in 2007, 2009, 2015 and 2017.", "Canadian nationality law __knowledge__ Canadian citizenship is typically obtained by birth in Canada on the principle of \"jus soli\", or birth abroad when at least one parent is a Canadian citizen or by adoption by at least one Canadian citizen under the rules of \"jus sanguinis\".", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting (AP) is a parenting philosophy that proposes methods which aim to promote the attachment of mother and infant not only by maximal maternal empathy and responsiveness but also by continuous bodily closeness and touch.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The term \"attachment parenting\" has been coined by the American pediatrician William Sears.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ In family sociology, attachment parenting is considered to be the most striking manifestation of \"intensive mothering\" or \"New momism\".", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The doctrine has hence been targeted by criticism from a host of objectors.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting is only one of many responsiveness and love-oriented parenting philosophies that entered the pedagogical mainstream after World War II, and it owes many of its ideas to older teachings, such as Benjamin Spock's influential handbook \"Baby and Child Care\" (1946).", "Coparenting __knowledge__ Coparenting refers to a parenting situation where two or more adults work together to raise a child even though they are not necessarily the biological parents, living together or in a romantic relationship.", "Coparenting __knowledge__ The term 'post-separation coparent' is used to describe a situation where two parents work together to raise a child even though they are divorced, separated or no longer living together.", "Coparenting __knowledge__ Through this process, the child's parents seek to maintain equal or some type of shared responsibility to benefit the child's upbringing.", "Coparenting __knowledge__ The principle of coparenting (Italian: \"Principio di bigenitorialità\") states that a child has \"always and in any case\" the right to maintain a stable relationship with both parents, even if they are separated or divorced, unless there is a recognized need to separate him/her from one or both parents.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ A parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ The quality of parenting can be more essential than the quantity of time spent with the child.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ For instance, a parent can spend an entire afternoon with his or her child, yet the parent may be engaging in a different activity and not demonstrating enough interest towards the child.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ Parenting styles are the representation of how parents respond and demand to their children.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ Parenting practices are specific behaviors, while parenting styles represent broader patterns of parenting practices.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ Sociological studies of the family look at: Examples of specific issues looked at include: Research methods in the sociology of the family can be broken down to three major approaches, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ One approach is survey research of contemporary families.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ This holds the benefit of leaving statistical data and large and hopefully random samples from which a researcher can interpolate the general traits of a society.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ However, survey respondents tend to answer as would feel regular or ideal rather than as things might actually be.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ It also gives a very one-sided explanation view of a larger group, which does not sufficiently allow for contention.", "Shared earning/shared parenting marriage __knowledge__ Shared earning/shared parenting marriage, also known as peer marriage, is a type of marriage where the partners at the outset agree to adhere to a model of shared responsibility for earning money, meeting the needs of children, doing household chores, and taking recreation time in near equal fashion across these four domains.", "Shared earning/shared parenting marriage __knowledge__ It refers to an intact family formed in the relatively equal earning and parenting style from its initiation.", "Shared earning/shared parenting marriage __knowledge__ Peer marriage is distinct from shared parenting, as well as the type of equal or co-parenting that father's rights activists in the United States, the United Kingdom and elsewhere seek after a divorce in the case of marriages, or unmarried pregnancies/childbirths, not set up in this fashion at the outset of the relationship or pregnancy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "William Tell __knowledge__ William Tell (in the four languages of Switzerland: ; ; ; ) is a folk hero of Switzerland.", "William Tell __knowledge__ His legend is recorded in a late 15th-century Swiss illustrated chronicle.", "William Tell __knowledge__ It is set in the time of the original foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the early 14th century.", "William Tell __knowledge__ According to the legend, Tell—an expert marksman with the crossbow—assassinated Gessler, a tyrannical reeve of Habsburg Austria positioned in Altdorf, Uri.", "William Tell __knowledge__ Along with Arnold von Winkelried, Tell is a central figure in Swiss patriotism as it was constructed during the Restoration of the Confederacy after the Napoleonic era.", "William Tell __knowledge__ Several accounts of the Tell legend exist.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "Ken Barlow __knowledge__ Kenneth ‘Ken’ Barlow is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera \"Coronation Street\", played by William Roache.", "Ken Barlow __knowledge__ Ken was created by Tony Warren as one of \"Coronation Street's\" original characters.", "Ken Barlow __knowledge__ He debuted in the soap's first episode on 9 December 1960.", "Ken Barlow __knowledge__ Having appeared continuously since the programme's inception, December 2010 marked Ken's 50th anniversary on-screen.", "Ken Barlow __knowledge__ At this time, Roache officially became the longest-serving actor in a televised soap opera.", "Ken Barlow __knowledge__ Roache was honoured at the 2010 Guinness World Records ceremony for the achievement, when he surpassed actor Don Hastings from the American soap opera \"As the World Turns\", who previously held this title.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "The Cut (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The Cut is a BBC television teen drama, first broadcast in September 2009.", "The Cut (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The series was developed by \"Geoffrey Goodwin\" and \"Holby City\" writer, Al Smith in collaboration with \"KateModern\" producer Pete Gibbons and \"Hollyoaks\" director, Sarah Walker.", "The Cut (UK TV series) __knowledge__ \"The Cut\" is broadcast in 25-minute episodes on BBC Two, with each episode being broadcast in daily five-minute chunks on the website throughout the week before.", "The Cut (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The BBC describe it as reflecting the way many young people want to consume content which a critic has more cynically interpreted as for those with even the shortest of attention spans.", "The Cut (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The first series ran on TV and online from September to December 2009.", "Yermo xanthocephalus __knowledge__ Yermo xanthocephalus commonly known as the desert yellowhead is an American perennial, endemic to southern Wyoming.", "Yermo xanthocephalus __knowledge__ It is the only member of the genus Yermo, and was first described in 1991.", "Yermo xanthocephalus __knowledge__ \"Yermo xanthocephalus\", the desert yellowhead, is currently known to exist only two populations on less than of Bureau of Land Management land in southern Fremont County, Wyoming.", "Yermo xanthocephalus __knowledge__ One population contains an estimated 12,000 plants, the other about 400 plants.", "Yermo xanthocephalus __knowledge__ The \"Yermo xanthocephalus\" plant has leafy steams about 12 inches (30 cm) high, and has leathery, lance-shaped to oval leaves that may be from an inch and a half (3.7 cm) to 10 inches (25 cm) long.", "Tarakeswar (community development block) __knowledge__ Tarakeswar is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Chandannagore subdivision of Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal.", "Tarakeswar (community development block) __knowledge__ The Tarakeswar CD Block is part of the Hooghly-Damodar Plain, one of the three natural regions in the district of the flat alluvial plains, that forms part of the Gangetic Delta.", "Tarakeswar (community development block) __knowledge__ The region has many depressions which receive water from the surrounding lands during the rainy season and discharge the water through small channels.", "Tarakeswar (community development block) __knowledge__ Tarakeswar is located at .", "Tarakeswar (community development block) __knowledge__ Tarakeswar CD Block is bounded by Dhaniakhali CD Block, in the north, Haripal, CD Block in the east, Jangipara CD Block, in the south and Pursurah CD Block in the west.Tarakeswar Municipality is in the centre of this CD Block.", "Hospital bed __knowledge__ A hospital bed or hospital cot is a bed specially designed for hospitalized patients or others in need of some form of health care.", "Hospital bed __knowledge__ These beds have special features both for the comfort and well-being of the patient and for the convenience of health care workers.", "Hospital bed __knowledge__ Common features include adjustable height for the entire bed, the head, and the feet, adjustable side rails, and electronic buttons to operate both the bed and other nearby electronic devices.", "Hospital bed __knowledge__ Hospital beds and other similar types of beds such as nursing care beds are used not only in hospitals, but in other health care facilities and settings, such as nursing homes, assisted living facilities, outpatient clinics, and in home health care.", "Burroughs large systems __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Burroughs Corporation was organized into three divisions with very different product line architectures for high-end, mid-range, and entry-level business computer systems.", "Burroughs large systems __knowledge__ Each division's product line grew from a different concept for how to optimize a computer's instruction set for particular programming languages.", "Burroughs large systems __knowledge__ The Burroughs Large Systems Group designed large mainframes using stack machine instruction sets with dense syllables and 48-bit data words.", "Burroughs large systems __knowledge__ The first such design was the B5000 in 1961.", "Burroughs large systems __knowledge__ It was optimized for running ALGOL 60 extremely well, using simple compilers.", "Burroughs large systems __knowledge__ It evolved into the B5500.", "Henryk Hechtkopf __knowledge__ Henryk Hechtkopf (; April 4, 1910 – July 2004) was an artist, painter, and illustrator.", "Henryk Hechtkopf __knowledge__ Henryk Hechtkopf was an artist whose legacy is a rare collection of paintings in a variety of media, as well as illustrations for many children's books and Stories of The Tzadikim.", "Henryk Hechtkopf __knowledge__ Henryk Hechtkopf's work encompasses a range of subjects and artistic styles: biblical scenes and portraits, surrealism and abstract expressionism.", "Henryk Hechtkopf __knowledge__ His work is interesting not only by its own merits but because of the life story that stands behind it.", "Henryk Hechtkopf __knowledge__ Henryk Hechtkopf was born to a Jewish family in Warsaw in 1910, the younger child of two.", "Tourism in Croatia __knowledge__ Tourism is a major industry in Croatia.", "Tourism in Croatia __knowledge__ In 2012, Croatia had 11.8 million tourist visitors, and in 2015 it had over 12 million tourists and 90 million nights.", "Tourism in Croatia __knowledge__ Croatia aims to double these numbers by 2020 with national strategy to bring in 17.5 million foreign tourist and revenue from tourism exceeding $17 billion.", "Tourism in Croatia __knowledge__ Tourism in Croatia is concentrated in the areas along the Adriatic coast and is strongly seasonal, peaking in July and August.", "Tourism in Croatia __knowledge__ Eight areas in the country have been designated national parks, and the landscape in these areas is afforded extra protection from development.", "Tourism in Croatia __knowledge__ Several companies run flotillas of yachts along different stretches of the coastline, which is also popular with divers.", "Guadalupe Victoria __knowledge__ Guadalupe Victoria (; 29 September 1786 – 21 March 1843), born José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix, was a Mexican general and political leader who fought for independence against the Spanish Empire in the Mexican War of Independence.", "Guadalupe Victoria __knowledge__ He was a deputy in the Mexican Chamber of Deputies for Durango and a member of the Supreme Executive Power following the downfall of the First Mexican Empire.", "Guadalupe Victoria __knowledge__ After the adoption of the Constitution of 1824, Victoria was elected as the first President of the United Mexican States.", "Guadalupe Victoria __knowledge__ As President he established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom, the United States, the Federal Republic of Central America, and Gran Colombia." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Single parent __knowledge__ A single parent is a parent that parents alone without the other parent's support, meaning this particular parent is the only parent to the child, responsible for all financial, material, and emotional needs.", "Single parent __knowledge__ It means there is an absence of the other parent as opposed to a co-parent, meaning that the parent is not the only parent regardless of whether or not they are a couple.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Of course, this definition is loosely true.", "Single parent __knowledge__ There is no true definition of what \"single parent\" means and is more based on opinions.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Sometimes, one finds themselves in a single-parent family structure that has arisen due to death of the partner, intentional artificial insemination, or unplanned pregnancy.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ Attachment theory is a psychological model that attempts to describe the dynamics of long-term and short-term interpersonal relationships between humans.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ However, \"attachment theory is not formulated as a general theory of relationships.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ It addresses only a specific facet\": how human beings respond within relationships when hurt, separated from loved ones, or perceiving a threat.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ Essentially all infants become attached if provided any caregiver, but there are individual differences in the quality of the relationships.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ In infants, attachment as a motivational and behavioral system directs the child to seek proximity with a familiar caregiver when they are alarmed, with the expectation that they will receive protection and emotional support.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behaviors that are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ If an organism has a trait that provides a selective advantage (i.e., has adaptive significance) in its environment, then natural selection favors it.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Adaptive significance refers to the expression of a trait that affects fitness, measured by an individual's reproductive success.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Military strategy __knowledge__ Military strategy is a set of ideas implemented by military organizations to pursue desired strategic goals.", "Military strategy __knowledge__ Derived from the Greek word \"strategos\", the term strategy, when it appeared in use during the 18th century, was seen in its narrow sense as the \"art of the general\", or \"'the art of arrangement\" of troops.", "Military strategy __knowledge__ Military strategy deals with the planning and conduct of campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and the deception of the enemy.", "Military strategy __knowledge__ The father of Western modern strategic studies, Carl von Clausewitz (1780–1831), defined military strategy as \"the employment of battles to gain the end of war.\"", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Miscegenation (; from the Latin \"miscere\" \"to mix\" + \"genus\" \"kind\") is the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, or procreation.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Because of the term's historical use in contexts that typically implied disapproval, more unambiguously neutral terms such as \"interracial\", \"interethnic\", or \"cross-cultural\" are more common in contemporary usage.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ The term \"miscegenation\" has been used since the 19th century to refer to interracial marriage and interracial sexual relations, and more generally to the process of genetic admixture.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Historically, the term has been used in the context of laws banning interracial marriage and sex, known as anti-miscegenation laws.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting (AP) is a parenting philosophy that proposes methods which aim to promote the attachment of mother and infant not only by maximal maternal empathy and responsiveness but also by continuous bodily closeness and touch.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The term \"attachment parenting\" has been coined by the American pediatrician William Sears.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ In family sociology, attachment parenting is considered to be the most striking manifestation of \"intensive mothering\" or \"New momism\".", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The doctrine has hence been targeted by criticism from a host of objectors.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting is only one of many responsiveness and love-oriented parenting philosophies that entered the pedagogical mainstream after World War II, and it owes many of its ideas to older teachings, such as Benjamin Spock's influential handbook \"Baby and Child Care\" (1946).", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ Sexual orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ These attractions are generally subsumed under heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality, while asexuality (the lack of sexual attraction to others) is sometimes identified as the fourth category.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ For example, people may use other labels, such as \"pansexual\" or \"polysexual\", or none at all.", "Sexual orientation __knowledge__ According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation \"also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions\".", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 was an adopted initiative constitutional amendment in the state of California on the November 5, 1996 statewide election ballot.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 revolutionized local and regional government finance in California.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Called the “Right to Vote on Taxes Act,” Proposition 218 was sponsored by the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association as a constitutional follow-up to the landmark property tax revolt initiative constitutional amendment, Proposition 13, approved by California voters on June 6, 1978.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 was drafted by constitutional attorneys Jonathan Coupal and Jack Cohen.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 amended the California Constitution by adding Article XIII C and Article XIII D. Article XIII C relates to voter approval requirements for local government taxes.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life." ] ]

[ 2, 48, 4, 7 ]

[ "Parenting, or raising a child even if not your own is very important job", "there are very many diffrent psycological stratigies for raising a child, and diffrent parents will have different styles. ", "it is said the it take a community; governments and society, so the local population may also play a roll in parenting. ", "I am and i think people can be too judgmental about what is a good parent. As parenting styles vary. " ]

[ "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting" ]

[ "Dune (novel)\nHave you ever read the novel Dune? It's amazing! i read sci fi space adventures with a passion!", "Hm... sort of. It was a long time ago that I read it, but it was set on another planet that is lacking water. Everyone has to wear these special suits. I would highly recommend reading it!", "Yes, but I will warn you.. it's really bad! Don't watch the film. The book is a classic, and quite famous. ", "Yes completely! Although I think the film versions are not always bad. It depends on who it producing it and how much money they have! Game of Thrones TV show turned out very nice!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Dune is a 1965 science fiction novel by American author Frank Herbert, originally published as two separate serials in \"Analog\" magazine.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ It tied with Roger Zelazny's \"This Immortal\" for the Hugo Award in 1966, and it won the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ It is the first installment of the \"Dune\" saga, and in 2003 was cited as the world's best-selling science fiction novel.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Set in the distant future amidst a feudal interstellar society in which noble houses, in control of individual planets, owe allegiance to the Padishah Emperor, \"Dune\" tells the story of young Paul Atreides, whose noble family accepts the stewardship of the desert planet Arrakis.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ As this planet is the only source of the oracular spice melange, the most important and valuable substance in the universe, control of Arrakis is a coveted—and dangerous—undertaking.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ The story explores the multi-layered interactions of politics, religion, ecology, technology, and human emotion, as the factions of the empire confront each other in a struggle for the control of Arrakis and its spice.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Herbert wrote five sequels: \"Dune Messiah\", \"Children of Dune\", \"God Emperor of Dune\", \"Heretics of Dune\", and \"\".", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ The first novel also inspired a 1984 film adaptation by David Lynch, the 2000 Sci-Fi Channel miniseries \"Frank Herbert's Dune\" and its 2003 sequel \"Frank Herbert's Children of Dune\" (which combines the events of \"Dune Messiah\" and \"Children of Dune\"), computer games, several board games, songs, and a series of followups, including prequels and sequels, that were co-written by Kevin J. Anderson and the author's son, Brian Herbert, starting in 1999.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ Stargate SG-1 (often abbreviated as SG-1) is a military science fiction adventure television series and part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's \"Stargate\" franchise.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ The show, created by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner, is based on the 1994 science fiction film \"Stargate\" by Dean Devlin and Roland Emmerich.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ The television series was filmed in and around the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ The series premiered on Showtime on July 27, 1997 and moved to the Sci Fi Channel on June 7, 2002; the final episode first aired on Sky1 on March 13, 2007.", "Stargate SG-1 __knowledge__ With 214 episodes over ten seasons, \"Stargate SG-1\" had surpassed \"The X-Files\" as the longest-running North American science fiction television series, until it was surpassed by the series \"Smallville\" in 2011.", "Space Adventures __knowledge__ Space Adventures, Ltd. is a Virginia, USA-based space tourism company founded in 1998 by Eric C. Anderson.", "Space Adventures __knowledge__ , offerings include zero-gravity atmospheric flights, orbital spaceflights (with the option to participate in a spacewalk), and other spaceflight-related experiences including cosmonaut training, spacewalk training, and launch tours.", "Space Adventures __knowledge__ Plans announced thus far include sub-orbital and lunar spaceflights.", "Space Adventures __knowledge__ , seven clients have participated in the orbital spaceflight program with Space Adventures, including one astronaut who took two separate trips to space.", "Space Adventures __knowledge__ Eric C. Anderson is the president and CEO of Space Adventures.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "Science fiction __knowledge__ It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction.", "Doctor Who in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ \"Doctor Who\" in Canada and the United States refers to the broadcast history of the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\" in those countries.", "Doctor Who in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ \"Doctor Who\" had an early Canadian connection.", "Doctor Who in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ The series was conceived by Canadian expatriate Sydney Newman while he was the BBC's Head of Drama.", "Doctor Who in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ The series may have been inspired by a short-lived segment (canceled because parents complained that it was \"too frightening\" for their children) on the Canadian version of \"Howdy Doody\".", "Doctor Who in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ The segment featured a character surprisingly similar to the Doctor, a puppet called Mr. X who traveled through time and space in his \"Whatsis Box\" teaching children about history.", "Space Adventures (comics) __knowledge__ Space Adventures (sometimes cover-titled \"Science Fiction Space Adventures\", \"Space Adventures Presents Rocky Jones\" and other variations for particular issues) was an American science-fiction anthology comic book series published sporadically by Charlton Comics from 1952 to 1979.", "Space Adventures (comics) __knowledge__ Its initial iteration included some of the earliest work of industry notables Steve Ditko, Dick Giordano, and Tony Tallarico, and at least one story by EC Comics mainstay Bernard Krigstein.", "Space Adventures (comics) __knowledge__ In 1960, a second iteration introduced the superhero Captain Atom by writer Joe Gill and artist Ditko, shortly prior to Ditko's co-creation of Spider-Man for Marvel Comics.", "List of technology in the Dune universe __knowledge__ The technology in the \"Dune\" universe is a key aspect of the fictional setting of the \"Dune\" series of science fiction novels written by Frank Herbert, and derivative works.", "List of technology in the Dune universe __knowledge__ Herbert's concepts and inventions have been analyzed and deconstructed in at least one book, \"The Science of Dune\" (2008).", "List of technology in the Dune universe __knowledge__ Herbert's originating 1965 novel \"Dune\" is popularly considered one of the greatest science fiction novels of all time, and is frequently cited as the best-selling science fiction novel in history.", "List of technology in the Dune universe __knowledge__ \"Dune\" and its five sequels by Herbert explore the complex and multilayered interactions of politics, religion, ecology and technology, among other themes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Dune is a 1965 science fiction novel by American author Frank Herbert, originally published as two separate serials in \"Analog\" magazine.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ It tied with Roger Zelazny's \"This Immortal\" for the Hugo Award in 1966, and it won the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ It is the first installment of the \"Dune\" saga, and in 2003 was cited as the world's best-selling science fiction novel.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Set in the distant future amidst a feudal interstellar society in which noble houses, in control of individual planets, owe allegiance to the Padishah Emperor, \"Dune\" tells the story of young Paul Atreides, whose noble family accepts the stewardship of the desert planet Arrakis.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ As this planet is the only source of the oracular spice melange, the most important and valuable substance in the universe, control of Arrakis is a coveted—and dangerous—undertaking.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ The story explores the multi-layered interactions of politics, religion, ecology, technology, and human emotion, as the factions of the empire confront each other in a struggle for the control of Arrakis and its spice.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Herbert wrote five sequels: \"Dune Messiah\", \"Children of Dune\", \"God Emperor of Dune\", \"Heretics of Dune\", and \"\".", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ The first novel also inspired a 1984 film adaptation by David Lynch, the 2000 Sci-Fi Channel miniseries \"Frank Herbert's Dune\" and its 2003 sequel \"Frank Herbert's Children of Dune\" (which combines the events of \"Dune Messiah\" and \"Children of Dune\"), computer games, several board games, songs, and a series of followups, including prequels and sequels, that were co-written by Kevin J. Anderson and the author's son, Brian Herbert, starting in 1999.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the universe of Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10\" franchise, which includes \"Ben 10\", \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"Ben 10 (Reboot)\".", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Portrayed by: Benjamin Kirby \"Ben\" Tennyson (alias \"Ben 10\") is the main character of the franchise.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ He is a 10-year-old boy child from Bellwood who found the Omnitrix during his summer vacation with his Grandfather Max Tennyson and his cousin Gwen Tennyson.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ The Omnitrix attached to his wrist and gives him the powers and abilities to become different aliens.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ He uses these powers to defeat evil while trying to escape the alien warlord Vilgax, who chases after him unstoppably in order to retrieve the Omnitrix.", "Joseph S. Pulver Sr. __knowledge__ Joseph S. Pulver Sr. (born 1955 Schenectady, New York) is an author and poet, much of whose work falls within the horror fiction, noir fiction / hardboiled, and dark fantasy genres.", "Joseph S. Pulver Sr. __knowledge__ He lives in Germany.", "Joseph S. Pulver Sr. __knowledge__ Pulver started his publishing career in the early 1990s with a number of short stories published in various American small press magazines, foremost among them Robert M. Price's \"Crypt of Cthulhu\".", "Joseph S. Pulver Sr. __knowledge__ His tales cover subjects ranging from Robert Wiene's \"The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari\" to H.P.", "Joseph S. Pulver Sr. __knowledge__ Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos and Robert W. Chambers' \"King in Yellow.\"", "Joseph S. Pulver Sr. __knowledge__ Pulver's professional debut came with the publication of his Lovecraftian novel, \"Nightmare's Disciple\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Puyi __knowledge__ Puyi or Pu Yi (; 7 February 190617 October 1967), of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing dynasty.", "Puyi __knowledge__ When he was a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (; Manchu: \"gehungge yoso hūwangdi\") in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution.", "Puyi __knowledge__ From 1–12 July 1917, he was briefly restored to the throne as emperor by the warlord Zhang Xun.", "Puyi __knowledge__ In 1932 after the occupation of Manchuria, the state of Manchukuo was established by Japan, and he was chosen to become 'Emperor' of the new state using the era-name of Datong (Ta-tung).", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Organizations of the Dune universe __knowledge__ Multiple organizations of the \"Dune\" universe dominate the political, religious, and social arena of the fictional setting of Frank Herbert's \"Dune\" series of science fiction novels, and derivative works.", "Organizations of the Dune universe __knowledge__ Set tens of thousands of years in the future, the saga chronicles a civilization which has banned computers but has also developed advanced technology and mental and physical abilities through physical training, eugenics and the use of the drug melange.", "Organizations of the Dune universe __knowledge__ Specialized groups of individuals have aligned themselves in organizations focusing on specific abilities, technology and goals.", "Organizations of the Dune universe __knowledge__ Herbert's concepts of human evolution and technology have been analyzed and deconstructed in at least one book, \"The Science of Dune\" (2008).", "Dune (franchise) __knowledge__ Dune is a science fiction media franchise that originated with the 1965 novel \"Dune\" by Frank Herbert.", "Dune (franchise) __knowledge__ \"Dune\" is frequently cited as the best-selling science fiction novel in history.", "Dune (franchise) __knowledge__ It won the 1966 Hugo Award and the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel, and was later adapted into a 1984 film and a 2000 television miniseries.", "Dune (franchise) __knowledge__ Herbert wrote five sequels, and the first two were presented as a miniseries in 2003.", "Dune (franchise) __knowledge__ The \"Dune\" universe has also inspired some traditional games and a series of video games.", "Dune (franchise) __knowledge__ Since 2009, the names of planets from the \"Dune\" novels have been adopted for the real-world nomenclature of plains and other features on Saturn's moon Titan.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "Science fiction __knowledge__ It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction.", "List of technology in the Dune universe __knowledge__ The technology in the \"Dune\" universe is a key aspect of the fictional setting of the \"Dune\" series of science fiction novels written by Frank Herbert, and derivative works.", "List of technology in the Dune universe __knowledge__ Herbert's concepts and inventions have been analyzed and deconstructed in at least one book, \"The Science of Dune\" (2008).", "List of technology in the Dune universe __knowledge__ Herbert's originating 1965 novel \"Dune\" is popularly considered one of the greatest science fiction novels of all time, and is frequently cited as the best-selling science fiction novel in history.", "List of technology in the Dune universe __knowledge__ \"Dune\" and its five sequels by Herbert explore the complex and multilayered interactions of politics, religion, ecology and technology, among other themes.", "Frank Herbert __knowledge__ Franklin Patrick Herbert, Jr. (October 8, 1920 – February 11, 1986) was an American science fiction writer best known for the novel \"Dune\" and its five sequels.", "Frank Herbert __knowledge__ Though he became famous for science fiction, he was also a newspaper journalist, photographer, short story writer, book reviewer, ecological consultant and lecturer.", "Frank Herbert __knowledge__ The \"Dune\" saga, set in the distant future and taking place over millennia, deals with complex themes such as human survival and evolution, ecology, and the intersection of religion, politics, and power.", "Frank Herbert __knowledge__ \"Dune\" itself is the best-selling science fiction novel of all time and the series is widely considered to be among the classics of the genre.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ Science fiction film (or sci-fi film) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition.", "Science fiction film __knowledge__ In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Dune is a 1965 science fiction novel by American author Frank Herbert, originally published as two separate serials in \"Analog\" magazine.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ It tied with Roger Zelazny's \"This Immortal\" for the Hugo Award in 1966, and it won the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ It is the first installment of the \"Dune\" saga, and in 2003 was cited as the world's best-selling science fiction novel.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Set in the distant future amidst a feudal interstellar society in which noble houses, in control of individual planets, owe allegiance to the Padishah Emperor, \"Dune\" tells the story of young Paul Atreides, whose noble family accepts the stewardship of the desert planet Arrakis.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ As this planet is the only source of the oracular spice melange, the most important and valuable substance in the universe, control of Arrakis is a coveted—and dangerous—undertaking.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ The story explores the multi-layered interactions of politics, religion, ecology, technology, and human emotion, as the factions of the empire confront each other in a struggle for the control of Arrakis and its spice.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Herbert wrote five sequels: \"Dune Messiah\", \"Children of Dune\", \"God Emperor of Dune\", \"Heretics of Dune\", and \"\".", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ The first novel also inspired a 1984 film adaptation by David Lynch, the 2000 Sci-Fi Channel miniseries \"Frank Herbert's Dune\" and its 2003 sequel \"Frank Herbert's Children of Dune\" (which combines the events of \"Dune Messiah\" and \"Children of Dune\"), computer games, several board games, songs, and a series of followups, including prequels and sequels, that were co-written by Kevin J. Anderson and the author's son, Brian Herbert, starting in 1999.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Really Bad Chess __knowledge__ Really Bad Chess (stylized as really bad chess) is a mobile video game developed by Zach Gage.", "Really Bad Chess __knowledge__ It was released on October 13, 2016 for iOS, with a version for Android released in May 2017.", "Really Bad Chess __knowledge__ The game is based on the original game of chess but contains rearranged boards.", "Really Bad Chess __knowledge__ \"Really Bad Chess\" is played using a normal chess board, but with each player given one king and 15 other pieces selected at random based on the player's skill level.", "Really Bad Chess __knowledge__ The pieces, moves, and goal are identical to the original game.", "Really Bad Chess __knowledge__ Because of the rearranged pieces, players cannot use typical chess opening moves.", "Really Bad Chess __knowledge__ Unlike in standard chess, in \"Really Bad Chess\" a stalemated player is considered to have lost the game.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is the film and television scores composed by various composers for the films and television series of that franchise.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Ramin Djawadi provided the first MCU music with his original score for \"Iron Man\" in 2008.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Alan Silvestri was the first composer to work on multiple MCU films after he transitioned from scoring \"\" (2011) to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012), while Brian Tyler was the first composer to reference the work of another MCU composer when he quoted Silvestri's \"Captain America March\" in his score for \"\" (2013).", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Original music has also been composed for the Marvel One-Shots short film series, and other related projects of the MCU, including the fanfares for the two Marvel Studios logos, composed by Tyler and Michael Giacchino, respectively.", "Barton Fink __knowledge__ Barton Fink is a 1991 American period film written, produced, directed and edited by the Coen brothers.", "Barton Fink __knowledge__ Set in 1941, it stars John Turturro in the title role as a young New York City playwright who is hired to write scripts for a film studio in Hollywood, and John Goodman as Charlie, the insurance salesman who lives next door at the run-down Hotel Earle.", "Barton Fink __knowledge__ The Coens wrote the screenplay for \"Barton Fink\" in three weeks while experiencing difficulty during the writing of \"Miller's Crossing\".", "Barton Fink __knowledge__ They began filming the former soon after \"Miller's Crossing\" was finished.", "Barton Fink __knowledge__ The film is influenced by works of several earlier directors, particularly Roman Polanski's \"Repulsion\" (1965) and \"The Tenant\" (1976).", "Sayaji Vaibhav Public Library Navsari __knowledge__ The Sayaji Vaibhav Public Library, located in Navsari.", "Sayaji Vaibhav Public Library Navsari __knowledge__ is one of the largest libraries of the Gujarat state.", "Sayaji Vaibhav Public Library Navsari __knowledge__ This is the only library in Gujarat to have received the prestigious Late Motibhai Amin Library Award five times by the Government of Gujarat.", "Sayaji Vaibhav Public Library Navsari __knowledge__ When a public institution completes a long successful journey of 100 years of existence and justifies its presence, the society gets obliged to it.", "Sayaji Vaibhav Public Library Navsari __knowledge__ The Shri Sayaji Vaibhav Library, which has spread the aroma of knowledge and inspiration among thousands of people in the vicinity of Navsari since 111 years, has not just been a library but has become a centre of knowledge in true sense with its wide-ranging activities.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing, mixing or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are \"mixed\" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ The process usually takes place on a dub stage.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks – dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, music – the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as \"additional dialogue replacement\", \"automated dialogue recording\", and \"looping\", in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments.", "Spider-Man: Homecoming __knowledge__ Spider-Man: Homecoming is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Studios, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing.", "Spider-Man: Homecoming __knowledge__ It is the second Spider-Man film reboot and the sixteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Spider-Man: Homecoming __knowledge__ The film is directed by Jon Watts, from a screenplay by the writing teams of Jonathan Goldstein and John Francis Daley, Watts and Christopher Ford, and Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers.", "Spider-Man: Homecoming __knowledge__ Tom Holland stars as Spider-Man, alongside Michael Keaton, Jon Favreau, Zendaya, Donald Glover, Tyne Daly, Marisa Tomei, and Robert Downey Jr.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Dune is a 1965 science fiction novel by American author Frank Herbert, originally published as two separate serials in \"Analog\" magazine.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ It tied with Roger Zelazny's \"This Immortal\" for the Hugo Award in 1966, and it won the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ It is the first installment of the \"Dune\" saga, and in 2003 was cited as the world's best-selling science fiction novel.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Set in the distant future amidst a feudal interstellar society in which noble houses, in control of individual planets, owe allegiance to the Padishah Emperor, \"Dune\" tells the story of young Paul Atreides, whose noble family accepts the stewardship of the desert planet Arrakis.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ As this planet is the only source of the oracular spice melange, the most important and valuable substance in the universe, control of Arrakis is a coveted—and dangerous—undertaking.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ The story explores the multi-layered interactions of politics, religion, ecology, technology, and human emotion, as the factions of the empire confront each other in a struggle for the control of Arrakis and its spice.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Herbert wrote five sequels: \"Dune Messiah\", \"Children of Dune\", \"God Emperor of Dune\", \"Heretics of Dune\", and \"\".", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ The first novel also inspired a 1984 film adaptation by David Lynch, the 2000 Sci-Fi Channel miniseries \"Frank Herbert's Dune\" and its 2003 sequel \"Frank Herbert's Children of Dune\" (which combines the events of \"Dune Messiah\" and \"Children of Dune\"), computer games, several board games, songs, and a series of followups, including prequels and sequels, that were co-written by Kevin J. Anderson and the author's son, Brian Herbert, starting in 1999.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ \"Game of Thrones\" is an American fantasy drama television series created for HBO by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The story takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, it has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms, with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing, mixing or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are \"mixed\" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ The process usually takes place on a dub stage.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks – dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, music – the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as \"additional dialogue replacement\", \"automated dialogue recording\", and \"looping\", in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "I Know Who Killed Me __knowledge__ I Know Who Killed Me is a 2007 American psychological thriller film directed by Chris Sivertson, written by Jeff Hammond, and starring Lindsay Lohan, Julia Ormond, Neal McDonough, Brian Geraghty, and Garcelle Beauvais.", "I Know Who Killed Me __knowledge__ The film's story revolves around a student's twin who was abducted and tortured by a sadistic serial killer.", "I Know Who Killed Me __knowledge__ She manages to make it out alive but after she regains consciousness in the hospital she insists that her identity is that of another woman.", "I Know Who Killed Me __knowledge__ \"I Know Who Killed Me\" was released by TriStar Pictures on July 27, 2007, to critical and commercial failure.", "I Know Who Killed Me __knowledge__ It was nominated for nine Golden Raspberry Awards and won eight (Worst Picture, Worst Director, Worst Screenplay, Worst Excuse for a Horror Movie, and Worst Rip-off (of \"Hostel\"\", \"Saw\", and \"The Patty Duke Show\")), setting a new record for most awards won in a single year until \"Jack and Jill\" won ten in 2012.", "Battlefield Earth (film) __knowledge__ Battlefield Earth (also referred to as Battlefield Earth: A Saga of the Year 3000) is a 2000 American science fiction action film based upon the first half of L. Ron Hubbard's 1982 novel of the same name.", "Battlefield Earth (film) __knowledge__ Directed by Roger Christian and starring John Travolta, Barry Pepper and Forest Whitaker, the film depicts an Earth that has been under the rule of the alien Psychlos for 1,000 years and tells the story of the rebellion that develops when the Psychlos attempt to use the surviving humans as gold miners.", "Battlefield Earth (film) __knowledge__ Travolta, a long-time Scientologist, had sought for many years to make a film of the novel by Hubbard, the founder of Scientology.", "Disaster Movie __knowledge__ Disaster Movie is a 2008 American comedy film written and directed by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer, and stars Matt Lanter, Vanessa Minnillo, Gary \"G Thang\" Johnson, Crista Flanagan, Ike Barinholtz, Carmen Electra, Tony Cox, and Kim Kardashian in her feature film acting debut.", "Disaster Movie __knowledge__ The film was heavily panned by critics and audiences alike for its forced humor, excessive references and poor directing.", "Disaster Movie __knowledge__ The movie received six nominations for the 29th Golden Raspberry Awards.", "Disaster Movie __knowledge__ It received a 1% score on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes and is considered by some to be one of the worst films of all time.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K) is an American television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and produced by Alternaversal Productions, LLC.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ The show premiered on KTMA (now WUCW) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 24, 1988.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ It later aired on The Comedy Channel/Comedy Central for seven seasons until its cancellation in 1997.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ Thereafter, it was picked up by The Sci-Fi Channel and aired for three seasons until another cancellation in August 1999.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ A 60-episode syndication package titled \"The Mystery Science Theater Hour\" was produced in 1995.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ In 2015, Hodgson led a crowdfunded revival of the series with 14 episodes in its eleventh season, released on Netflix on April 14, 2017, with another season to follow in the near future.", "Dump months __knowledge__ The dump months are what the film community calls the two periods of the year when there are lowered commercial and critical expectations for most new releases.", "Dump months __knowledge__ Audiences during these periods are smaller than the rest of the year, so no tentpole movies are released.", "Dump months __knowledge__ January and February are usually most commonly described this way, with August and September sometimes included.", "Dump months __knowledge__ Releases during those times primarily include films that would have been released at other times of year had they done better at test screenings, films with less prominent stars, genre films (particularly horror), movies that cannot be easily marketed and films intended for a teenage audience, which has fewer entertainment options outside the home.", "Pre-Code Hollywood __knowledge__ Pre-Code Hollywood refers to the brief era in the American film industry between the widespread adoption of sound in pictures in 1929 and the enforcement of the Motion Picture Production Code censorship guidelines, popularly known as the \"Hays Code\", in mid-1934.", "Pre-Code Hollywood __knowledge__ Although the Code was adopted in 1930, oversight was poor and it did not become rigorously enforced until July 1, 1934, with the establishment of the Production Code Administration (PCA).", "Pre-Code Hollywood __knowledge__ Before that date, movie content was restricted more by local laws, negotiations between the Studio Relations Committee (SRC) and the major studios, and popular opinion, than strict adherence to the Hays Code, which was often ignored by Hollywood filmmakers." ] ]

[ 20, 76, 9, 0 ]

[ "Hi there! I have never read \"Dune,\" but I'm intrigued by the concept of how science fiction can link humanity and technology. Is this a major theme in \"Dune\"?", "Sounds interesting! These days I tend to watch movies more than read books. Has this book been made into a film yet?", "Seems to me that films can sometimes turn the best books into the worst movies. Would you agree?", "I actually just started watching Game of Thrones! I had not seen it before, or read any of the books. So far it's very entertaining!" ]

[ "Dune (novel)", "Dune (novel)", "Dune (novel)", "Dune (novel)" ]

[ "American Civil War reenactment\nThe American Civil War was a huge moment in history. Have you ever been to a reenactment of it?", "Thats awesome! I wish they would have a Reenactment around where I live. How many have you been to?", "Oh okay, I will. Have you ever visited Canada, UK, or Europe?", "Oh I've always wanted to go to Ireland! Maybe I can go soon and go to a reenactment there. Oh and I would drink irish beer of course." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ American Civil War reenactment is an effort to recreate the appearance of a particular battle or other event associated with the American Civil War by hobbyists known (in the United States) as Civil War reenactors, or living historians.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Although most common in the United States, there are also American Civil War reenactors in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting the American Civil War began even before the real fighting had ended.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Civil War veterans recreated battles as a way to remember their fallen comrades and to teach others what the war was all about.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ The Great Reunion of 1913, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, was attended by more than 50,000 Union and Confederate veterans, and included reenactments of elements of the battle, including Pickett's Charge.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Modern reenacting is thought to have begun during the 1961–1965 Civil War Centennial commemorations.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting grew in popularity during the 1980s and 1990s, due in large part to the success of the 125th Anniversary reenactment near the original Manassas battlefield, which was attended by more than 6,000 reenactors.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ That year, \"Time\" magazine estimated there were more than 50,000 reenactors in the U.S.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ The commemoration of the American Civil War is based on the memories of the Civil War that Americans have shaped according to their political, social and cultural circumstances and needs, starting with the Gettysburg Address and the dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery in 1863.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Confederates, both veterans and women, were especially active in forging the myth of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Most of the war dead are buried at Arlington National Cemetery and other national cemeteries near the battle zones.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Memorial Day (or \"Decoration Day\") originated shortly after the American Civil War to commemorate the Union and Confederate soldiers who died in the Civil War.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Historical reenactment (or re-enactment) is an educational or entertainment activity in which people follow a plan to recreate aspects of a historical event or period.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ This may be as narrow as a specific moment from a battle, such as the reenactment of Pickett's Charge presented during the Great Reunion of 1913, or as broad as an entire period, such as Regency reenactment or The 1920s Berlin Project.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Activities related to \"reenactment\" have a long history.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ The Romans staged recreations of famous battles within their amphitheaters as a form of public spectacle.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, tournaments often reenacted historical themes from Ancient Rome or elsewhere.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "American Civil War __knowledge__ The American Civil War was a civil war that was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.", "American Civil War __knowledge__ As a result of the long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861, when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, shortly after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated.", "American Civil War __knowledge__ The nationalists of the Union proclaimed loyalty to the U.S. Constitution.", "American Civil War __knowledge__ They faced secessionists of the Confederate States, who advocated for states' rights to expand slavery.", "American Civil War __knowledge__ Among the 34 U.S. states in February 1861, seven Southern slave states individually declared their secession from the U.S. to form the Confederate States of America, or the \"South.\"", "Robert E. Lee: Civil War General __knowledge__ Robert E. Lee: Civil War General is a 1996 computer wargame developed by Impressions Games and published by Sierra On-Line.", "Robert E. Lee: Civil War General __knowledge__ Set during the American Civil War, it tasks the player with leading the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia to victory against the Union Army of the Potomac.", "Robert E. Lee: Civil War General __knowledge__ Impressions sought to make \"Civil War General\" accessible to wargame newcomers by streamlining its gameplay, and the \"Panzer General\" series was a reference point for its design and title.", "Robert E. Lee: Civil War General __knowledge__ \"Civil War General\" was a commercial success and the best-selling wargame of 1996.", "Robert E. Lee: Civil War General __knowledge__ Critics noted its accessibility compared to other games in its genre; several praised it for combining simplified mechanics and depth, while \"Computer Games Strategy Plus\" found it overly shallow.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ This article is designed to give background into the organization and tactics of Civil War armies.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ This brief survey is by no means exhaustive, but it should give enough material to have a better understanding of the capabilities of the forces that fought the American Civil War.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ Understanding these capabilities should give insight into the reasoning behind the decisions made by commanders on both sides.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ The Regular Army of the United States on the eve of the Civil War was essentially a frontier constabulary whose 16,000 officers and men were organized into 198 companies scattered across the nation at 79 different posts." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ American Civil War reenactment is an effort to recreate the appearance of a particular battle or other event associated with the American Civil War by hobbyists known (in the United States) as Civil War reenactors, or living historians.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Although most common in the United States, there are also American Civil War reenactors in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting the American Civil War began even before the real fighting had ended.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Civil War veterans recreated battles as a way to remember their fallen comrades and to teach others what the war was all about.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ The Great Reunion of 1913, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, was attended by more than 50,000 Union and Confederate veterans, and included reenactments of elements of the battle, including Pickett's Charge.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Modern reenacting is thought to have begun during the 1961–1965 Civil War Centennial commemorations.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting grew in popularity during the 1980s and 1990s, due in large part to the success of the 125th Anniversary reenactment near the original Manassas battlefield, which was attended by more than 6,000 reenactors.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ That year, \"Time\" magazine estimated there were more than 50,000 reenactors in the U.S.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Historical reenactment (or re-enactment) is an educational or entertainment activity in which people follow a plan to recreate aspects of a historical event or period.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ This may be as narrow as a specific moment from a battle, such as the reenactment of Pickett's Charge presented during the Great Reunion of 1913, or as broad as an entire period, such as Regency reenactment or The 1920s Berlin Project.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Activities related to \"reenactment\" have a long history.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ The Romans staged recreations of famous battles within their amphitheaters as a form of public spectacle.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, tournaments often reenacted historical themes from Ancient Rome or elsewhere.", "Mediaeval Combat Society __knowledge__ The Mediaeval Combat Society is a British Living history and combat reenactment society whose aim is to educate the public by using reenactment and combat reenactment to portray life, during the times of Edward III.", "Mediaeval Combat Society __knowledge__ The society undertakes research into various topics such as Brasses and medieval Church monument, as well as into events of the time including Crecy, Battle of Poitiers (1356), Battle of Nájera.", "Mediaeval Combat Society __knowledge__ The Mediaeval Combat Society was formed as a non profit making organisation to entertain the public and for charity fund raising through historical reenactment around 1970, and has worked with many other groups as in its early years with the Norse Film and Pageant Society (NFPS).", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ Medieval reenactment is a form of historical reenactment that focuses on re-enacting European history in the period from the fall of Rome to about the end of the 15th century.", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ The second half of this period is often called the Middle Ages.", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ This multiplicity of terms is compounded by the variety of other terms used for the period.", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ The first period is sometimes called the Migration Period or Dark Ages by Western European historians, and as Völkerwanderung (\"wandering of the peoples\") by German historians.", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ This term is usually reserved for the 5th and 6th centuries.", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ Re-enactors who re-create the next period of history - 7th to 11th centuries - often refer to this as Early medieval.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ The first language in the human species has been the topic of scholarly discussions for several centuries.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ There is no consensus on the origin or age of human language.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ The topic is difficult to study because of the lack of direct evidence.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ Consequently, scholars wishing to study the origins of language must draw inferences from other kinds of evidence such as the fossil record, archaeological evidence, contemporary language diversity, studies of language acquisition, and comparisons between human language and systems of communication existing among animals (particularly other primates).", "Origin of language __knowledge__ Many argue that the origins of language probably relate closely to the origins of modern human behavior, but there is little agreement about the implications and directionality of this connection.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ The commemoration of the American Civil War is based on the memories of the Civil War that Americans have shaped according to their political, social and cultural circumstances and needs, starting with the Gettysburg Address and the dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery in 1863.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Confederates, both veterans and women, were especially active in forging the myth of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Most of the war dead are buried at Arlington National Cemetery and other national cemeteries near the battle zones.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Memorial Day (or \"Decoration Day\") originated shortly after the American Civil War to commemorate the Union and Confederate soldiers who died in the Civil War.", "John Paul Strain __knowledge__ John Paul Strain (born September 22, 1955) is an American artist, specializing in art depicting American history.", "John Paul Strain __knowledge__ He creates hyper-realistic paintings of patriotic historical scenes, such as the American West, Civil War and D-Day, that are exhibited or used by institutions such as the US military, US Park Service and others.", "John Paul Strain __knowledge__ He has been compared as inheriting the mantle of 19th-century print makers such as Currier & Ives and Louis Prang.", "John Paul Strain __knowledge__ For the first 15 years of his career he painted numerous original oil paintings of the American West.", "John Paul Strain __knowledge__ From the age of 21, Strain's paintings of landscapes, wild life paintings, and depictions of Indian life were represented by Trailside Galleries.", "Allison Smith (artist) __knowledge__ Allison Smith (born 1972 in Manassas, Virginia) is an American artist who is based in Oakland, California.", "Allison Smith (artist) __knowledge__ Smith's work draws from American history to create artworks which combine social practice, performance, and craft-based sculpture.", "Allison Smith (artist) __knowledge__ Smith has exhibited her work professionally since 1995 throughout the United States and internationally.", "Allison Smith (artist) __knowledge__ She has produced over twenty-five solo exhibitions, installations, performances, and artist-led participatory projects for the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Public Art Fund, The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum, Museum of Contemporary Art Denver, Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, Berkeley Art Museum, The Arts Club of Chicago, and Indianapolis Museum of Art.", "Fort Tejon __knowledge__ Fort Tejon in California is a former United States Army outpost which was intermittently active from June 24, 1854, until September 11, 1864.", "Fort Tejon __knowledge__ It is located in the Grapevine Canyon (\"La Cañada de las Uvas\") between the San Emigdio Mountains and Tehachapi Mountains.", "Fort Tejon __knowledge__ It is in the area of Tejon Pass along Interstate 5 in Kern County, California, the main route through the mountain ranges separating the Central Valley from the Los Angeles Basin and Southern California.", "Fort Tejon __knowledge__ The fort's location protected the San Joaquin Valley from the south and west.", "Fort Tejon __knowledge__ The fort's mission was to suppress stock rustling and protect settlers from attacks by discontent Californios (pre-statehood residents), and Native American tribes, including the Paiute and Mojave, and to monitor the less aggressive Emigdiano living nearby.", "North-South Skirmish Association __knowledge__ The North-South Skirmish Association (N-SSA) is an historical and competitive organization whose goal is to maintain the knowledge of the unique firearms used during the American Civil War.", "North-South Skirmish Association __knowledge__ Formed in 1950 to commemorate the men who fought on both sides during the war, the association is based mainly in the eastern United States, there are related associations in the western United States N-SSA matches, known as Skirmishes, are \"not\" re-enactments of specific Civil War battles.", "North-South Skirmish Association __knowledge__ Rather, the N-SSA is concerned with promoting the accurate shooting of the firearms of the era.", "North-South Skirmish Association __knowledge__ Matches are devoted to authentic firearms accuracy, with a secondary, but still important, devotion to historical accuracy in uniforms and equipment." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ American Civil War reenactment is an effort to recreate the appearance of a particular battle or other event associated with the American Civil War by hobbyists known (in the United States) as Civil War reenactors, or living historians.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Although most common in the United States, there are also American Civil War reenactors in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting the American Civil War began even before the real fighting had ended.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Civil War veterans recreated battles as a way to remember their fallen comrades and to teach others what the war was all about.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ The Great Reunion of 1913, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, was attended by more than 50,000 Union and Confederate veterans, and included reenactments of elements of the battle, including Pickett's Charge.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Modern reenacting is thought to have begun during the 1961–1965 Civil War Centennial commemorations.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting grew in popularity during the 1980s and 1990s, due in large part to the success of the 125th Anniversary reenactment near the original Manassas battlefield, which was attended by more than 6,000 reenactors.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ That year, \"Time\" magazine estimated there were more than 50,000 reenactors in the U.S.", "Canada–China relations __knowledge__ Official Canada–China relations date to 1942, when Canada sent an ambassador to China.", "Canada–China relations __knowledge__ Before then, Canada had been represented by the British ambassador.", "Canada–China relations __knowledge__ The Communist victory (1949) in the Chinese Civil War caused a break in relations that lasted until 1970, when Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau became one of the first Western leaders to recognize the People's Republic of China.", "Canada–China relations __knowledge__ Canada is home to a large Chinese diaspora, which affects diplomatic and other dimensions.", "Canada–China relations __knowledge__ China is currently Canada's second largest trading partner and Canada is China's 13th largest.", "Canada–China relations __knowledge__ Although trade has grown fast during the 2000s, economists view the extent of commerce between the two countries as below potential.", "Grace Goulder Izant __knowledge__ Grace Goulder Izant (1893–1984) was an Ohio writer and historian who wrote for the \"Plain Dealer Magazine\" and published several books on Ohio history.", "Grace Goulder Izant __knowledge__ She was the first Ohioan ever honored by the American Association for State and Local History, which recognized her work in 1962.", "Grace Goulder Izant __knowledge__ She won the Cleveland Arts Prize for Literature in 1965 and was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1982.", "Grace Goulder Izant __knowledge__ Grace Goulder was born on March 27, 1893 in Cleveland, Ohio to Marian (née Clements) and Charles Goulder.", "Grace Goulder Izant __knowledge__ After graduating from Vassar College in 1914, she began working as a society reporter for \"The Plain Dealer\" in Cleveland.", "Royal tours of Canada by the Canadian Royal Family __knowledge__ Canadian royal tours have been taking place since 1786, and continue into the 21st century, either as an official tour, a working tour, a vacation, or a period of military service by a member of the Canadian Royal Family.", "Royal tours of Canada by the Canadian Royal Family __knowledge__ Originally, official tours were events predominantly for Canadians to see and possibly meet members of their Royal Family, with the associated patriotic pomp and spectacle.", "Royal tours of Canada by the Canadian Royal Family __knowledge__ However, nearing the end of the 20th century, such occasions took on the added dimension of a theme; for instance, the 2005 tour of Saskatchewan and Alberta by Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was deemed to be a vehicle for the Queen and Canadians to honour \"The Spirit of Nation Builders.\"", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ Ookla the Mok is a filk band fronted by Rand Bellavia and Adam English.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ The two met as undergraduates while attending Houghton College in 1988.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ The band is named after a character from the Ruby-Spears Productions cartoon \"Thundarr the Barbarian\", created by Steve Gerber.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ They provided the theme song to Disney's \"Fillmore!", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ \", and scored the feature film \"Bite Me, Fanboy!\"", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ They have won four Pegasus Awards for excellence in filk music, and the 2014 Logan Award for Outstanding Original Comedy Song (\"Mwahaha\").", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ Ookla the Mok had the most requested song on Dr. Demento's syndicated radio show in both 2012 (\"Tantric Yoda\") and 2013.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was the leader of Free France (1940–1944) and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946).", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ In 1958, he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France, a position he held until his resignation in 1969.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ Born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was a decorated officer of the First World War, wounded several times, and later taken prisoner at Verdun.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Field Marshal Sir Henry Hughes Wilson, 1st Baronet, (5 May 1864 – 22 June 1922) was one of the most senior British Army staff officers of the First World War and was briefly an Irish unionist politician.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Wilson served as Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley, and then as Director of Military Operations at the War Office, in which post he played a vital role in drawing up plans to deploy an Expeditionary Force to France in the event of war.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ During these years Wilson acquired a reputation as a political intriguer for his role in agitating for the introduction of conscription and in the Curragh incident of 1914, when he encouraged senior officers to resign rather than move against the Ulster Volunteers (UVF).", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Belgut Constituency __knowledge__ Belgut is an electoral constituency in Kenya.", "Belgut Constituency __knowledge__ It is one of six constituencies of Kericho County.", "Belgut Constituency __knowledge__ The constituency was established for the 1963 elections.", "Belgut Constituency __knowledge__ Belgut in early 1963 comprised the current Ainamoi, Belgut and Sigowet-Soin.", "Belgut Constituency __knowledge__ The journey started in 1963 where Alfred Kiptaro Kerich who hailed from Kaptebeswet in the current Belgut was elected unopposed.", "Belgut Constituency __knowledge__ 1963-1969 > Alfred Kiptaro Kerich ( First Belgut MP used to work as a court clerk at Kericho Law Courts.", "Belgut Constituency __knowledge__ Studied up to Class 8) Contestants in that election of 1969 were: In that election of 1969 Alfred Kiptaro Kerich lost to Wesley K. Rono.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Historical reenactment (or re-enactment) is an educational or entertainment activity in which people follow a plan to recreate aspects of a historical event or period.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ This may be as narrow as a specific moment from a battle, such as the reenactment of Pickett's Charge presented during the Great Reunion of 1913, or as broad as an entire period, such as Regency reenactment or The 1920s Berlin Project.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Activities related to \"reenactment\" have a long history.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ The Romans staged recreations of famous battles within their amphitheaters as a form of public spectacle.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, tournaments often reenacted historical themes from Ancient Rome or elsewhere.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The northern goshawk (Old English: \"gōsheafoc\", \"goose-hawk\"), Accipiter gentilis, is a medium-large raptor in the family Accipitridae, which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards and harriers.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ As a species in the \"Accipiter\" genus, the goshawk is often considered a \"true hawk\".", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The scientific name is Latin; \"Accipiter\" is \"hawk\", from \"accipere\", \"to grasp\", and \"gentilis\" is \"noble\" or \"gentle\" because in the Middle Ages only the nobility were permitted to fly goshawks for falconry.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ This species was first described under its current scientific name by Linnaeus in his \"Systema naturae\" in 1758.", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ Medieval reenactment is a form of historical reenactment that focuses on re-enacting European history in the period from the fall of Rome to about the end of the 15th century.", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ The second half of this period is often called the Middle Ages.", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ This multiplicity of terms is compounded by the variety of other terms used for the period.", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ The first period is sometimes called the Migration Period or Dark Ages by Western European historians, and as Völkerwanderung (\"wandering of the peoples\") by German historians.", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ This term is usually reserved for the 5th and 6th centuries.", "Medieval reenactment __knowledge__ Re-enactors who re-create the next period of history - 7th to 11th centuries - often refer to this as Early medieval.", "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant __knowledge__ The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, ), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS ), Islamic State (IS) and by its Arabic language acronym Daesh ( \"dāʿish\", ), is a Salafi jihadist terrorist organisation and former unrecognised proto-state that follows a fundamentalist, Wahhabi, and heterodox doctrine of Sunni Islam.", "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant __knowledge__ ISIL gained global prominence in early 2014 when it drove Iraqi government forces out of key cities in its Western Iraq offensive, followed by its capture of Mosul and the Sinjar massacre.", "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant __knowledge__ This group has been designated a terrorist organisation by the United Nations and many individual countries." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ American Civil War reenactment is an effort to recreate the appearance of a particular battle or other event associated with the American Civil War by hobbyists known (in the United States) as Civil War reenactors, or living historians.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Although most common in the United States, there are also American Civil War reenactors in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting the American Civil War began even before the real fighting had ended.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Civil War veterans recreated battles as a way to remember their fallen comrades and to teach others what the war was all about.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ The Great Reunion of 1913, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, was attended by more than 50,000 Union and Confederate veterans, and included reenactments of elements of the battle, including Pickett's Charge.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Modern reenacting is thought to have begun during the 1961–1965 Civil War Centennial commemorations.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting grew in popularity during the 1980s and 1990s, due in large part to the success of the 125th Anniversary reenactment near the original Manassas battlefield, which was attended by more than 6,000 reenactors.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ That year, \"Time\" magazine estimated there were more than 50,000 reenactors in the U.S.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the police drama \"The Bill\" ordered alphabetically by character surname.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ For a full list of characters ordered by rank, see list of \"The Bill\" characters.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ The characters are all police officers or civilian staff at the fictional Sun Hill police station in London.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ PC Francis \"Taffy\" Edwards was known as the 'thin streak of Welsh misery'.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ A quiet country boy who hailed from a poor farming family near Bangor, he sometimes struggled to adapt to city life.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ Edwards was extremely lazy, often thinking up ingenious ways to avoid having to do serious work – but he had an infectious charm and was popular amongst the relief.", "History of beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest beverages humans have produced, dating back to at least the 5th millennium BC in Iran, and was recorded in the written history of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia and spread throughout the world.", "History of beer __knowledge__ As almost any cereal containing certain sugars can undergo spontaneous fermentation due to wild yeasts in the air, it is possible that beer-like beverages were independently developed throughout the world soon after a tribe or culture had domesticated cereal.", "History of beer __knowledge__ Chemical tests of ancient pottery jars reveal that beer was produced as far back as about 7,000 years ago in what is today Iran.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ The commemoration of the American Civil War is based on the memories of the Civil War that Americans have shaped according to their political, social and cultural circumstances and needs, starting with the Gettysburg Address and the dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery in 1863.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Confederates, both veterans and women, were especially active in forging the myth of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Most of the war dead are buried at Arlington National Cemetery and other national cemeteries near the battle zones.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Memorial Day (or \"Decoration Day\") originated shortly after the American Civil War to commemorate the Union and Confederate soldiers who died in the Civil War.", "Sretko Kalinić __knowledge__ Sretko Kalinić, also known as \"The Beast\", or \"The White\" (born 25 February 1974) is a gangster, contract killer and mass murderer, who holds dual Serbian and Croatian citizenship.", "Sretko Kalinić __knowledge__ best known as one of the conspirators in the assassination of Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic.", "Sretko Kalinić __knowledge__ Kalinić was born in Zadar in a Serb family.", "Sretko Kalinić __knowledge__ In the early 1990s, during the Croatian War of Independence, he was at one period a member of paramilitary unit called the \"Knindže\" (Knin ninjas, Red berets) headed by Dragan Vasiljković (\"Captain Dragan\").", "Sretko Kalinić __knowledge__ After the war, Kalinic became of a member of the notorious Zemun Clan, the largest Serbian criminal group, where he rose through the ranks.", "Dublin __knowledge__ Dublin (, ) is the capital of and largest city in Ireland.", "Dublin __knowledge__ Dublin is located in the province of Leinster on the east coast of Ireland, at the mouth of the River Liffey and bordered on the South by the Wicklow Mountains.", "Dublin __knowledge__ The city has an urban area population of 1,173,179.", "Dublin __knowledge__ The population of the Dublin Region, , was 1,347,359 people.", "Dublin __knowledge__ There is archaeological debate regarding precisely where Dublin was established by Celtic-speaking people in the 7th century.", "Dublin __knowledge__ Later expanded as a Viking settlement, the Kingdom of Dublin became Ireland's principal city following the Norman invasion.", "Dublin __knowledge__ The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire before the Acts of Union in 1800.", "Ilha Formosa: Requiem for Formosa's Martyrs __knowledge__ Ilha Formosa: Requiem for Formosa's Martyrs (also \"Ilha Formosa Requiem\" or \"Formosa Requiem\") (2001) is a composition for solo soprano, solo baritone, chorus and orchestra composed by Taiwanese composer Tyzen Hsiao.", "Ilha Formosa: Requiem for Formosa's Martyrs __knowledge__ The composition is based on a 1994 poem in Taiwanese Hokkien by .", "Ilha Formosa: Requiem for Formosa's Martyrs __knowledge__ \"Ilha Formosa\" (\"Beautiful Island\") is the name given to the island on the maps made by Portuguese mariners in the Age of Discovery.", "Ilha Formosa: Requiem for Formosa's Martyrs __knowledge__ The heart of the piece is the second movement in which the male and female soloists, in lyrical phrases, remember those who suffered in the White Terror and throughout Taiwan's history.", "Republic of Ireland __knowledge__ Ireland (; ), also known as the Republic of Ireland ('), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland.", "Republic of Ireland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Dublin, which is located on the eastern part of the island, and whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country's 4.75 million inhabitants.", "Republic of Ireland __knowledge__ The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom.", "Republic of Ireland __knowledge__ It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint George's Channel to the south-east, and the Irish Sea to the east.", "Republic of Ireland __knowledge__ It is a unitary, parliamentary republic.", "History of Dublin __knowledge__ The City of Dublin can trace its origin back more than 1,000 years, and for much of this time it has been Ireland's principal city and the cultural, educational and industrial centre of the island.", "History of Dublin __knowledge__ The earliest reference to Dublin is sometimes said to be found in the writings of Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy), the Egyptian-Greek astronomer and cartographer, around the year 140, who refers to a settlement called Eblana.", "History of Dublin __knowledge__ This would seem to give Dublin a just claim to nearly two thousand years of antiquity, as the settlement must have existed a considerable time before Ptolemy became aware of it.", "History of Dublin __knowledge__ Recently, however, doubt has been cast on the identification of Eblana with Dublin, and the similarity of the two names is now thought to be coincidental.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Historical reenactment (or re-enactment) is an educational or entertainment activity in which people follow a plan to recreate aspects of a historical event or period.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ This may be as narrow as a specific moment from a battle, such as the reenactment of Pickett's Charge presented during the Great Reunion of 1913, or as broad as an entire period, such as Regency reenactment or The 1920s Berlin Project.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Activities related to \"reenactment\" have a long history.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ The Romans staged recreations of famous battles within their amphitheaters as a form of public spectacle.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, tournaments often reenacted historical themes from Ancient Rome or elsewhere." ] ]

[ 1, 0, 55, 65 ]

[ "I love doing Civil War Reenactments. It connects me with history and helps me educate others about the civil war.", "probably around ten! If you look it up, they may in fact have some around you. Even outside of the US there are reenactment communities, like in Canada or the UK and much of Europe. ", "I've been to Ireland! Mainly Dublin. Beautiful country. They do reenactments there too! ", "Make sure to go to Dublin then! It's a 1000 year old city. Plus the Guinness Museum is there. " ]

[ "American Civil War reenactment", "American Civil War reenactment", "American Civil War reenactment", "American Civil War reenactment" ]

[ "Parenting", "That is really amazing. What is your favorite part of raising children?", "I can see that as an important life skill because as an adult many things do not go your way, and children need to know how to deal with those situations." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Raising Children Network __knowledge__ The Raising Children Network is funded by the Government of Australia to produce and maintain educational tools and resources for families raising children in Australia.", "Raising Children Network __knowledge__ The Raising Children website, which was launched in May 2006, has become the most trusted resource for parenting information in Australia, according to industry sources.", "Raising Children Network __knowledge__ It is a comprehensive and quality assured website covering all core information required for raising children from birth to eight years.", "Raising Children Network __knowledge__ Each article on the Raising Children website is reviewed by two independent experts, drawn from a panel of over 100 subject matter experts — effective peer review.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ \"\" is an animated television series produced by Hasbro as part of the \"My Little Pony\" toy franchise, which is tied in with the 2010 launch of dolls and play sets, and original programming for U.S. cable channel Discovery Family (formerly Hub Network).", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Lauren Faust was selected as the creative developer and executive producer for the show, based on her previous animation experience with shows like \"The Powerpuff Girls\" and \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Under Hasbro's guidance, Faust developed the show to appeal to the target demographic of young girls and their parents, but created characters and settings that challenged formerly stereotypical norms of \"girly\" images, and added adventure and humorous elements to keep parents interested.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ Sociological studies of the family look at: Examples of specific issues looked at include: Research methods in the sociology of the family can be broken down to three major approaches, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ One approach is survey research of contemporary families.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ This holds the benefit of leaving statistical data and large and hopefully random samples from which a researcher can interpolate the general traits of a society.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ However, survey respondents tend to answer as would feel regular or ideal rather than as things might actually be.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ It also gives a very one-sided explanation view of a larger group, which does not sufficiently allow for contention.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series' popularity has made it a media franchise, as well as the highest rated series to ever air on Nickelodeon, and the most distributed property of MTV Networks.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ As of late 2017, the media franchise has generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled \"The Intertidal Zone\", which Hillenburg created in 1989.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Kinship care is the raising of children by grandparents, other extended family members, and adults with whom they have a close family-like relationship such as godparents and close family friends because biological parents are unable to do so for whatever reason.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Legal custody of a child may or may not be involved, and the child may be related by blood, marriage, or adoption.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ This arrangement is also known as \"kincare\" or \"relative care.\"", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Kinship placement may reduce the number of home placements children experience; allow children to maintain connections to communities, schools, and family members; and increase the likelihood of eventual reunification with birth parents.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ The Divine Feminine is the fourth studio album by American rapper Mac Miller.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ It was released on September 16, 2016, by REMember Music and Warner Bros. Records.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from Kendrick Lamar, Anderson Paak, Ty Dolla Sign and Ariana Grande, among others.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ The album was supported by three singles: \"Dang!", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ \", \"We\" and \"My Favorite Part\".", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ It received generally positive reviews from critics, and charted at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ According to Miller, the album was not about love (romantic), but rather about learning from women throughout his life and what those experiences mean to him.", "Emerging adulthood and early adulthood __knowledge__ Emerging adulthood is a phase of the life span between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood which encompasses late adolescence and early adulthood, proposed by Jeffrey Arnett in a 2000 article in the \"American Psychologist\".", "Emerging adulthood and early adulthood __knowledge__ It primarily describes people living in developed countries, but it is also experienced by young people in urban wealthy families in the Global South.", "Emerging adulthood and early adulthood __knowledge__ The term describes young adults who do not have children, do not live in their own home, or do not have sufficient income to become fully independent.", "Emerging adulthood and early adulthood __knowledge__ Arnett suggests emerging adulthood is the distinct period between 18 and 25 years of age where adolescents become more independent and explore various life possibilities.", "Stage-crisis view __knowledge__ The stage-crisis view is a theory of adult development that was established by Daniel Levinson.", "Stage-crisis view __knowledge__ Although largely influenced by the work of Erik Erikson, Levinson sought to create a broader theory that would encompass all aspects of adult development as opposed to just the psychosocial.", "Stage-crisis view __knowledge__ This theory is characterized by both definitive eras as well as transition phases, whose purpose is to facilitate a smooth transition out of one era and into the next.", "Stage-crisis view __knowledge__ According to his theory, various developmental tasks must be mastered as one progresses through each era; pre-adulthood, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychologists aim to explain how thinking, feeling and behaviour change throughout life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ This field examines change across three major dimensions: physical development, cognitive development, and socioemotional development.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Within these three dimensions are a broad range of topics including motor skills, executive functions, moral understanding, language acquisition, social change, personality, emotional development, self-concept and identity formation.", "Adult development __knowledge__ Adult development encompasses the changes that occur in biological and psychological domains of human life from the end of adolescence until the end of one's life.", "Adult development __knowledge__ These changes may be gradual or rapid, and can reflect positive, negative, or no change from previous levels of functioning.", "Adult development __knowledge__ Changes occur at the cellular level and are partially explained by biological theories of adult development and aging.", "Adult development __knowledge__ Biological changes influence psychological and interpersonal/social developmental changes, which are often described by stage theories of human development.", "Adult development __knowledge__ Stage theories typically focus on “age-appropriate” developmental tasks to be achieved at each stage.", "Young adult (psychology) __knowledge__ A young adult is generally a person in ranging in age from their late teens or early twenties to their thirties, although definitions and opinions, such as Erik Erikson's stages of human development, vary.", "Young adult (psychology) __knowledge__ The young adult stage in human development precedes middle adulthood.", "Young adult (psychology) __knowledge__ A person in the middle adulthood stage ages from 40 (or 41) to 64.", "Young adult (psychology) __knowledge__ In old age, a person is 65 years old or older.", "Young adult (psychology) __knowledge__ For a variety of reasons, timeliness on young adulthood cannot be exactly defined—producing different results according to the different mix of overlapping indices (legal, maturational, occupational, sexual, emotional and the like) employed, or on whether 'a \"developmental perspective\"... [or] the \"socialization perspective\" is taken.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Children's use of information __knowledge__ Children's use of information is an issue in ethics and child development.", "Children's use of information __knowledge__ Information is learned from many different sources and source monitoring (see also source-monitoring error) is important in understanding how people use information and decide which information is credible.", "Children's use of information __knowledge__ Consider the example of a parent whose child has been diagnosed with hyperactivity; the parent searches the internet for information, reads books, participates in an online chat room with other parents in the same situation, and consults various medical professionals.", "Children's use of information __knowledge__ Some of these sources will be credible (contain reliable information), and others will not.", "All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes __knowledge__ All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes, published in 1986, is the fifth book in African-American writer and poet Maya Angelou's seven-volume autobiography series.", "All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes __knowledge__ Set between 1962 and 1965, the book begins when Angelou is 33 years old, and recounts the years she lived in Accra, Ghana.", "All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes __knowledge__ The book, deriving its title from a Negro spiritual, begins where Angelou's previous memoir, \"The Heart of a Woman\", ends — with the traumatic car accident involving her son Guy — and closes with Angelou returning to America.", "All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes __knowledge__ As she had started to do in her first autobiography, \"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings\", and continued throughout her series, Angelou upholds the long tradition of African-American autobiography.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Advertising to children is the act of marketing or [advertising] products or services to children as defined by national legislation and advertising standards.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ It is often the subject of debate, relating to the alleged influence on children’s consumption.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Laws concerning such advertisements have largely evolved in recent years.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In most countries, advertising for children is framed by a mix of legislation and advertising self-regulation.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In the nineteenth century, the compulsory education of children was established.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Consequently, children began to be targeted by an increasing number of publications.Commercial appeals to children, however, did not become commonplace until the advent and widespread adoption of television and grew exponentially with the advent of cable television.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Playground __knowledge__ A playground, playpark, or play area is a place specifically designed to enable children to play there.", "Playground __knowledge__ It is typically outdoors.", "Playground __knowledge__ While a playground is usually designed for children, some target other age groups.", "Playground __knowledge__ Berlin's Preußenpark for example is designed for people aged 70 or higher.", "Playground __knowledge__ A playground might exclude children below a certain age.", "Playground __knowledge__ Modern playgrounds often have recreational equipment such as the seesaw, merry-go-round, swingset, slide, jungle gym, chin-up bars, sandbox, spring rider, trapeze rings, playhouses, and mazes, many of which help children develop physical coordination, strength, and flexibility, as well as providing recreation and enjoyment and supporting social and emotional development.", "Tina Malti __knowledge__ Tina Malti is a German Palestinian developmental and clinical psychologist.", "Tina Malti __knowledge__ She is a full Professor of Psychology at the University of Toronto, where she is cross-appointed as a Professor in the Division of Child and Youth Mental Health at the Department of Psychiatry.", "Tina Malti __knowledge__ She is also a registered clinical psychologist in Ontario (Canada) and Zug (Switzerland).", "Tina Malti __knowledge__ Malti is known for her research on the affective bases of aggression and prosocial behavior in children, as well as the development and testing of socio-emotional interventions for reducing exposure to violence and promoting mental health in children facing multiple forms of adversity.", "Constructive developmental framework __knowledge__ The constructive developmental framework (CDF) is a theoretical framework for psychological assessment.", "Constructive developmental framework __knowledge__ The framework is based on empirical developmental research showing that an individual's perception of reality is an actively constructed \"world of their own\", unique to them and which they continue to develop over their lifespan.", "Constructive developmental framework __knowledge__ The CDF methodology involves three separate instruments that respectively measure a person's social–emotional stage, cognitive level of development, and psychological profile.", "Constructive developmental framework __knowledge__ It provides three epistemological perspectives on individual clients as well as teams.", "Constructive developmental framework __knowledge__ Psychological assessment based on CDF measures three essential aspects of a person: social–emotional development (ED), cognitive development (CD) and personality profile (NP), the latter describing a person's likely behaviour in terms of their psychological 'needs' and 'press' – the environmental forces that they perceive acting on them (concepts developed by the psychologist Henry Murray).", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychologists aim to explain how thinking, feeling and behaviour change throughout life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ This field examines change across three major dimensions: physical development, cognitive development, and socioemotional development.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Within these three dimensions are a broad range of topics including motor skills, executive functions, moral understanding, language acquisition, social change, personality, emotional development, self-concept and identity formation.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Child neglect is a form of child abuse, and is a deficit in meeting a child's basic needs, including the failure to provide adequate health care, supervision, clothing, nutrition, housing as well as their physical, emotional, social, educational and safety needs.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Society generally believes there are necessary behaviors a caregiver must provide in order for a child to develop physically, socially, and emotionally.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Causes of neglect may result from several parenting problems including mental disorders, substance abuse, domestic violence, unemployment, unplanned pregnancy, and poverty.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Child neglect depends on how a child and society perceives the parents’ behavior; it is not how parents believe they are behaving towards their child.", "Maternal deprivation __knowledge__ The term maternal deprivation is a catch-phrase summarising the early work of psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, John Bowlby on the effects of separating infants and young children from their mother (or mother substitute) although the effect of loss of the mother on the developing child had been considered earlier by Freud and other theorists.", "Maternal deprivation __knowledge__ Bowlby's work on delinquent and affectionless children and the effects of hospital and institutional care led to his being commissioned to write the World Health Organisation's report on the mental health of homeless children in post-war Europe whilst he was head of the Department for Children and Parents at the Tavistock Clinic in London after World War II.", "Empathy __knowledge__ Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within the other person's frame of reference, i.e., the capacity to place oneself in another's position.", "Empathy __knowledge__ There are many definitions for empathy that encompass a broad range of emotional states.", "Empathy __knowledge__ Types of empathy include cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, and empathy.", "Empathy __knowledge__ The English word \"empathy\" is derived from the Ancient Greek word εμπάθεια (\"empatheia\", meaning \"physical affection or passion\").", "Empathy __knowledge__ This, in turn, comes from εν (\"en\", \"in, at\") and πάθος (\"pathos\", \"passion\" or \"suffering\").", "Empathy __knowledge__ The term was adapted by Hermann Lotze and Robert Vischer to create the German word \"Einfühlung\" (\"feeling into\"), which was translated by Edward B. Titchener into the English term empathy." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 61 ]

[ "I have three children, I am promoting them for adulthood.", "I enjoy supporting the emotional development in my kids.", "Yes, I do my best not to neglect my child. I do not want to abuse my child in anyway." ]

[ "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting" ]

[ "Chocolate", "I am though my body isn't, I gain weight just by looking.", "I remember reading that somewhere, amazing isn't it?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ Childhood obesity is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child's health or well-being.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ As methods to determine body fat directly are difficult, the diagnosis of obesity is often based on BMI.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ Due to the rising prevalence of obesity in children and its many adverse health effects it is being recognized as a serious public health concern.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ The term overweight rather than obese is often used in children as it is less stigmatizing.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ Body mass index (BMI) is acceptable for determining obesity for children two years of age and older.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ It is determined by the ratio of weight to height.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Advertising to children is the act of marketing or [advertising] products or services to children as defined by national legislation and advertising standards.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ It is often the subject of debate, relating to the alleged influence on children’s consumption.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Laws concerning such advertisements have largely evolved in recent years.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In most countries, advertising for children is framed by a mix of legislation and advertising self-regulation.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In the nineteenth century, the compulsory education of children was established.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Consequently, children began to be targeted by an increasing number of publications.Commercial appeals to children, however, did not become commonplace until the advent and widespread adoption of television and grew exponentially with the advent of cable television.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Couples 4 is the eleventh season of the NBC reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize, which was awarded to Olivia Ward, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ It premiered on January 4, 2011.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ Along with existing trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels, two new trainers (Cara Castronuova and Brett Hoebel) will be featured who were revealed in Week 3.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ One of the featured contestants is Rulon Gardner, a former gold medalist at the 2000 Summer Olympics.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ It was the longest season in Biggest Loser history at 20 weeks long.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Couples 2 is the seventh season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ The season premiered on January 6, 2009, with eleven overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Alison Sweeney is featured as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Helen Phillips won the competition with a total weight loss percentage of 54.47%.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Total Votes counts only votes that are revealed at elimination.", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ The total doesn't count unrevealed votes (if the contestant has already received the require number of votes needed to be eliminated).", "The Biggest Loser (season 7) __knowledge__ Contestants are listed in chronological order of elimination.", "Health at Every Size __knowledge__ Health at Every Size (HAES) is a website and a social movement whose purpose is to encourage bodily acceptance and self confidence with one's body, often by the rejection of weight loss.", "Health at Every Size __knowledge__ Proponents aim to improve the standard of living for people who are overweight or obese by promoting healthy lifestyles and anti-discrimination efforts.", "Health at Every Size __knowledge__ Although evidence links obesity and being overweight to a number of health problems, HAES advocates argue that traditional interventions focused on weight loss, such as dieting, do not reliably produce positive health outcomes.", "Health at Every Size __knowledge__ The benefits of lifestyle interventions such as nutritious eating and exercise are presumed to be real, but independent of any weight loss they may cause.", "Weight gain __knowledge__ Weight gain is an increase in body weight.", "Weight gain __knowledge__ This can involve an increase in muscle mass, fat deposits, excess fluids such as water or other factors.", "Weight gain __knowledge__ Weight gain can be a symptom of a serious medical condition.", "Weight gain __knowledge__ If enough weight is gained due to increased body fat deposits, one may become overweight or obese, generally defined as having more body fat (adipose tissue) than is considered good for health.", "Weight gain __knowledge__ The Body Mass Index (BMI) measures body weight in proportion to the square of height and defines optimal, insufficient, and excessive weight based on the ratio.", "Weight gain __knowledge__ Weight gain has a latency period.", "Weight gain __knowledge__ The effect that eating has on weight gain can vary greatly depending on the following factors: energy (calorie) density of foods, exercise regimen, amount of water intake, amount of salt contained in the food, time of day eaten, age of individual, individual's country of origin, individual's overall stress level, and amount of water retention in ankles/feet.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.", "Obesity __knowledge__ People are generally considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height, is over , with the range defined as overweight.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Some East Asian countries use lower values.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, osteoarthritis and depression.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility.", "Kazushi Sakuraba __knowledge__ Known for his excellent skills in catch wrestling, he is considered to be one of the greatest mixed martial art fighters of all time, and also holds notable victories over 7 UFC champions, 3 Pancrase Champions, a DREAM champion, a King of the Cage champion and Battlecade Extreme Fighting champion; former Welterweight Champion Carlos Newton, two former Light heavyweight champions Vitor Belfort and Quinton Jackson, former Heavyweight Champion Kevin Randleman, 3-time UFC Tournament champion Royce Gracie, former Superfight champion and King of Pancrase Ken Shamrock, former UFC Tournament champion and King of Pancrase Guy Mezger, former King of Pancrase Masakatsu Funaki, DREAM Super Hulk Tournament Champion Ikuhisa Minowa, former King of the Cage Light Heavyweight champion Vernon White, and former Battlecade Extreme Fighting champion Marcus Silveira.", "Côte d'Or (chocolate) __knowledge__ Côte d'Or is a producer of Belgian chocolate, owned by Mondelēz International.", "Côte d'Or (chocolate) __knowledge__ Côte d'Or was founded in 1883 by Charles Neuhaus, a chocolate manufacturer who used the name Côte d'Or (pseudo French for Gold Coast ) referring to the old name of contemporary Ghana, the source of many of the cacao beans used in chocolate manufacturing.", "Côte d'Or (chocolate) __knowledge__ Côte d'Or was purchased by Jacobs Suchard in 1987; Jacobs Suchard in turn was purchased by Kraft General Foods in 1990, which forked off its chocolate and confectionery brands into Mondelez International in 2012, so that Mondelez is the current owner of the Côte d'Or brand.", "M&amp;M's __knowledge__ M&M's are \"colorful button-shaped chocolates\", each of which has the letter \"m\" printed in lower case on one side, surrounds a filling which varies depending upon the variety of M&M's.", "M&amp;M's __knowledge__ The original candy had a milk chocolate filling which, upon introducing other variations, was branded as the \"plain\" variety.", "M&amp;M's __knowledge__ \"Peanut\" M&M's, which feature a peanut coated in milk chocolate, and finally a candy shell, were the first variation to be introduced, and they remain a regular variety.", "M&amp;M's __knowledge__ Numerous other variations have been introduced, some of which are regular widespread varieties (such as \"peanut butter\", \"almond\", \"pretzel\", \"crispy\", \"dark chocolate\", and \"caramel\") while others are limited in duration or geographic availability.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats are produced in different variations around the world, with several countries claiming to have invented it or hailing it as their \"national confection\".", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Originally the treat was made using cream (hence the Danish name \"flødeboller\" (cream buns)), but the filling was later made from egg whites to help industrialize production and improve shelf life.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Many languages used to call these treats by phrases or compounds using a counterpart to negro (e.g.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ \"negro's kiss\", \"negro bun\"); most but not all of these are increasingly being avoided, especially in formal writing, in favour of replacements such as \"choco-kiss\".", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ Kit Kat is a chocolate-covered wafer bar confection created by Rowntree's of York, United Kingdom, and is now produced globally by Nestlé, which acquired Rowntree in 1988, with the exception of the United States where it is made under license by H.B.", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ Reese Candy Company, a division of The Hershey Company.", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ The standard bars consist of two or four fingers composed of three layers of wafer, separated and covered by an outer layer of chocolate.", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ Each finger can be snapped from the bar separately.", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ There are many different flavours of Kit Kat, including milk, white, and dark chocolate.", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ Use of the name Kit Kat or Kit Cat for a type of food goes back to the 18th century, when mutton pies known as a Kit-Kat were served at meetings of the political Kit-Cat Club in London owned by pastry chef Christopher Catling.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Wrigley's.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more than 50 countries worldwide.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is famous for its Dairy Milk chocolate, the Creme Egg and Roses selection box, and many other confectionery products.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ One of the best-known British brands, in 2013 \"The Daily Telegraph\" named Cadbury among Britain's most successful exports.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury was established in Birmingham, England in 1824, by John Cadbury who sold tea, coffee and drinking chocolate.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico.", "Health effects of chocolate __knowledge__ The health effects of chocolate are the possible positive and negative effects on health of eating chocolate.", "Health effects of chocolate __knowledge__ Unconstrained consumption of large quantities of any energy-rich food, such as chocolate, without a corresponding increase in activity, increases the risk of obesity.", "Health effects of chocolate __knowledge__ Raw chocolate is high in cocoa butter, a fat removed during chocolate refining, then added back in varying proportions during manufacturing.", "Health effects of chocolate __knowledge__ Manufacturers may add other fats, sugars, and powdered milk as well.", "Health effects of chocolate __knowledge__ Although considerable research has been conducted to evaluate the potential health benefits of consuming chocolate, there are insufficient studies to confirm any effect and no medical or regulatory authority has approved any health claim.", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Amazing Stories is an American science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback's Experimenter Publishing.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Science fiction stories had made regular appearances in other magazines, including some published by Gernsback, but \"Amazing\" helped define and launch a new genre of pulp fiction.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ \"Amazing\" was published, with some interruptions, for almost eighty years, going through a half-dozen owners and many editors as it struggled to be profitable.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Gernsback was forced into bankruptcy and lost control of the magazine in 1929, and by 1938 it was purchased by Ziff-Davis, who hired Raymond A. Palmer as editor.", "Uzo Aduba __knowledge__ Uzoamaka Nwanneka \"Uzo\" Aduba (; born February 10, 1981) is an American actress.", "Uzo Aduba __knowledge__ She is known for her role as Suzanne \"Crazy Eyes\" Warren on the Netflix original series \"Orange Is the New Black\" (2013–present), for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014, an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2015, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series in 2014 and 2015.", "Uzo Aduba __knowledge__ She is one of only two actors to win an Emmy Award recognition in both the comedy and drama categories for the same role, the other being Ed Asner for the character Lou Grant.", "Amazing Grace __knowledge__ \"Amazing Grace\" is a Christian hymn published in 1779, with words written by the English poet and Anglican clergyman John Newton (1725–1807).", "Amazing Grace __knowledge__ Newton wrote the words from personal experience.", "Amazing Grace __knowledge__ He grew up without any particular religious conviction, but his life's path was formed by a variety of twists and coincidences that were often put into motion by his recalcitrant insubordination.", "Amazing Grace __knowledge__ He was pressed (conscripted) into service in the Royal Navy, and after leaving the service, he became involved in the Atlantic slave trade.", "Amazing Grace __knowledge__ In 1748, a violent storm battered his vessel off the coast of County Donegal, Ireland, so severely that he called out to God for mercy, a moment that marked his spiritual conversion.", "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950 __knowledge__ Science fiction and fantasy magazines began to be published in the US in the 1920s.", "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950 __knowledge__ Stories with science fiction themes had been appearing for decades in pulp magazines such as \"Argosy\", but there were no magazines that specialized in a single genre until 1915, when Street & Smith, one of the major pulp publishers, brought out \"Detective Story Magazine\".", "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950 __knowledge__ The first magazine to focus solely on fantasy and horror was \"Weird Tales\", which was launched in 1923, and established itself as the leading weird fiction magazine over the next two decades; writers such as H.P.", "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950 __knowledge__ Lovecraft, Clark Ashton Smith and Robert E. Howard became regular contributors.", "John Robinson (bishop of Woolwich) __knowledge__ John Arthur Thomas Robinson (16 May 1919 – 5 December 1983) was an English New Testament scholar, author and the Anglican Bishop of Woolwich.", "John Robinson (bishop of Woolwich) __knowledge__ He was a lecturer at Trinity College, Cambridge, and later Dean of Trinity College until his death in 1983 from cancer.", "John Robinson (bishop of Woolwich) __knowledge__ Robinson was considered a major force in shaping liberal Christian theology.", "John Robinson (bishop of Woolwich) __knowledge__ Along with Harvard theologian Harvey Cox, he spearheaded the field of secular theology and, like William Barclay, he was a believer in universal salvation.", "John Robinson (bishop of Woolwich) __knowledge__ Robinson was born on 16 May 1919 in the precincts of Canterbury Cathedral, England, where his father was a canon.", "Eikev __knowledge__ Eikev, Ekev, Ekeb, Aikev, or Eqeb ( — Hebrew for \"if [you follow],\" the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 46th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Eikev __knowledge__ It comprises The parashah tells of the blessings of obedience to God and the dangers of forgetting God, directions for taking the Land of Israel.", "Eikev __knowledge__ Moses recalls the making and re-making of the Tablets of Stone, the incident of the Golden Calf, Aaron's death, the Levites' duties, and exhortations to serve God.", "Eikev __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 6,865 Hebrew letters, 1,747 Hebrew words, and 111 verses, and can occupy about 232 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends\" characters.", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ Peter Parker (Spider-Man), Bobby Drake (Iceman), and Angelica Jones (Firestar) are all college students at Empire State University.", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ After working together to defeat the Beetle and recovering the \"Power Booster\" he stole from Tony Stark (a.k.a.", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ Iron Man, who rewards them with the advanced computer systems seen in several episodes and the opening titles) the trio decide to team-up permanently as the \"Spider-Friends\".", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ They live together in Peter's Aunt May's home with her and a pet dog, Ms.", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ Lion, a Lhasa Apso, who often acts as comic relief.", "Ayesha Harruna Attah __knowledge__ Ayesha Harruna Attah (born 1983) is a Ghanaian-born fiction writer.", "Ayesha Harruna Attah __knowledge__ She currently lives in Senegal.", "Ayesha Harruna Attah __knowledge__ Ayesha Harruna Attah was born in Accra, Ghana, in the 1980s, under a military government, to a mother who was a journalist and father who was a graphic designer.", "Ayesha Harruna Attah __knowledge__ Attah has said: \"My parents were my first major influences.", "Ayesha Harruna Attah __knowledge__ They ran a literary magazine called \"Imagine\", which had stories about Accra; articles on art, science, film, books; cartoons—which I especially loved.", "Ayesha Harruna Attah __knowledge__ They were (and still are) my heroes.", "Ayesha Harruna Attah __knowledge__ I discovered Toni Morrison when I was thirteen, and I was hooked.", "Ayesha Harruna Attah __knowledge__ I devoured everything she wrote.", "Ki Tissa __knowledge__ Ki Tisa, Ki Tissa, Ki Thissa, or Ki Sisa ( – Hebrew for \"when you take,\" the sixth and seventh words, and first distinctive words in the parashah) is the 21st weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the ninth in the Book of Exodus.", "Ki Tissa __knowledge__ The parashah tells of building the Tabernacle, the incident of the Golden calf, the request of Moses for God to reveal God's attributes, and how Moses became radiant.", "Ki Tissa __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah is the longest of the weekly Torah portions in the book of Exodus (although not the longest in the Torah), and is made up of 7,424 Hebrew letters, 2,002 Hebrew words, and 139 verses, and can occupy about 245 lines in a Torah scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "List of minor 2000 AD stories __knowledge__ This is a list of minor \"2000 AD\" stories.", "List of minor 2000 AD stories __knowledge__ \"Absalom\" is a horror story spin-off from \"Caballistics, Inc.\" by Gordon Rennie and Tiernen Trevallion.", "List of minor 2000 AD stories __knowledge__ It spanned three installments \"Noblesse Obligie\" in \"2000 AD\" #1732-1739 (May–June 2011), \"Sick leave\" in \"2000 AD\" Prog 2012 (December 2011) and \"Ghosts of London\" in \"2000 AD\" #1765-1771 (January–February 2012).", "List of minor 2000 AD stories __knowledge__ The first trade paperback, \"Ghosts of London\", was published in June 2012 ().", "List of minor 2000 AD stories __knowledge__ \"Ampney Crucis Investigates\" is an occult detective story by Ian Edginton and Simon Davis starring the fictional investigator Ampney Crucis and his man servant Eddie Cromwell.", "Olmec __knowledge__ The Olmecs were the earliest known major civilization in Mexico following a progressive development in Soconusco.", "Olmec __knowledge__ They lived in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in the present-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco.", "Olmec __knowledge__ It has been speculated that Olmec derive in part from neighboring Mokaya or Mixe–Zoque.", "Olmec __knowledge__ The population of the Olmecs flourished during Mesoamerica's formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE.", "Olmec __knowledge__ Pre-Olmec cultures had flourished in the area since about 2500 BCE, but by 1600–1500 BCE, early Olmec culture had emerged, centered on the San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán site near the coast in southeast Veracruz.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The term classical antiquity is often used to refer to history in the Old World from the beginning of recorded Greek history in 776 BC (First Olympiad).", "Ancient history __knowledge__ This roughly coincides with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the beginning of the history of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greece.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 1900 BC.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Originally prepared only as a drink, chocolate was served as a bitter, from a liquid, mixed with spices or corn puree.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Today, such drinks are also known as \"Chilate\" and are made by locals in the South of Mexico.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century, sugar was added to it, rendering it an aphrodisiac, and it became popular throughout society, first among the ruling classes and then among the common people.", "Mexican art __knowledge__ Mexican art consists of various visual arts that developed over the geographical area now known as Mexico.", "Mexican art __knowledge__ The development of these arts roughly follows the history of Mexico, divided into the prehispanic Mesoamerican era, the colonial period, with the period after Mexican War of Independence further subdivided.", "Mexican art __knowledge__ Mexican art is usually filled most of the time with intricate patterns.", "Mexican art __knowledge__ Mesoamerican art is that produced in an area that encompasses much of what is now central and southern Mexico, before the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire for a period of about 3,000 years from 1500 BCE to 1500 CE.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ Chiapas (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas (), is one of the 31 states that with Mexico City make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ It is divided into 124 municipalities as of September 2017 and its capital city is Tuxtla Gutiérrez.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ Other important population centers in Chiapas include Ocosingo, Tapachula, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Comitán and Arriaga.", "Chiapas __knowledge__ It is the southernmost state, bordered by the states of Oaxaca to the west, Veracruz to the northwest and Tabasco to the north, and by the Petén, Quiché, Huehuetenango and San Marcos departments of Guatemala to the east and southeast.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ The Olmec colossal heads are at least seventeen monumental stone representations of human heads sculpted from large basalt boulders.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ The heads date from at least before 900 BC and are a distinctive feature of the Olmec civilization of ancient Mesoamerica.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ All portray mature individuals with fleshy cheeks, flat noses, and slightly crossed eyes; their physical characteristics correspond to a type that is still common among the inhabitants of Tabasco and Veracruz.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ The backs of the monuments often are flat.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ The boulders were brought from the Sierra de los Tuxtlas mountains of Veracruz.", "Olmec colossal heads __knowledge__ Given that the extremely large slabs of stone used in their production were transported over large distances, requiring a great deal of human effort and resources, it is thought that the monuments represent portraits of powerful individual Olmec rulers.", "Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico (; ; , ), officially the United Mexican States (, ), is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.", "Mexico __knowledge__ It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico.", "Mexico __knowledge__ Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), the nation is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world.", "Mexico __knowledge__ With an estimated population of over 120 million, the country is the eleventh most populous and the most populous Spanish-speaking state in the world while being the second most populous nation in Latin America.", "Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures __knowledge__ The causes and degree of Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures has been a subject of debate over many decades.", "Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures __knowledge__ Although the Olmecs are considered to be perhaps the earliest Mesoamerican civilization, there are questions concerning how and how much the Olmecs influenced cultures outside the Olmec heartland.", "Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures __knowledge__ This debate is succinctly, if simplistically, framed by the title of a 2005 \"New York Times\" article: “Mother Culture, or Only a Sister?”.", "Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures __knowledge__ Nearly all researchers agree on a number of specific issues concerning the Olmec and the Olmec Heartland: While some of the hallmarks of Olmec culture, such as colossal heads or other sculptures, earthen platforms, and monolithic \"altars\", are to be found only within the heartland, many Olmec-style artifacts, designs, figurines, monuments, and motifs can be found in the archaeological records of sites hundreds of kilometers/miles distant.", "Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture __knowledge__ The use of mirrors in Mesoamerican culture was associated with the idea that they served as portals to a realm that could be seen but not interacted with.", "Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture __knowledge__ Mirrors in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica were fashioned from stone and served a number of uses, from the decorative to the divinatory.", "Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture __knowledge__ An ancient tradition among many Mesoamerican cultures was the practice of divination using the surface of a bowl of water as a mirror.", "Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture __knowledge__ At the time of the Spanish conquest this form of divination was still practiced among the Maya, Aztecs and Purépecha.", "Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture __knowledge__ In Mesoamerican art, mirrors are frequently associated with pools of liquid; this liquid was likely to have been water." ] ]

[ 0, 4, 0 ]

[ "I absolutely love chocolate. milk and dark chocolate are my favorite. Are you a fan of chocolate?", "I understand that! Fun fact, that the earliest evidence of chocolate dates back to mexico (Olmecs) where they put it in drinks in 1900BCE?", "It is! It actually originally started as a drink, and was mixed with spices. Crazy how now we eat it as a snack in theaters." ]

[ "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate" ]

[ "Boxer (dog)", "Is deafness common in Boxers?", "Oh, same thing for white cats!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a medium-sized, short-haired breed of dog, developed in Germany.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colours are fawn or brindled, with or without white markings, and white.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Boxers are brachycephalic (they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle, mandibular prognathism (an underbite), very strong jaws, and a powerful bite ideal for hanging on to large prey.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer was bred from the Old English Bulldog and the now extinct Bullenbeisser which became extinct by crossbreeding rather than by a decadence of the breed.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The purpose of the crossbreeding was the wish to eliminate the excessive white color of the breed, and the necessity of producing thousands of dogs for one of the most popular breeds in the world.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is part of the Molosser group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ This group is a category of solidly built, large dog breeds that all descend from the same common ancestor, the large shepherd dog known as a Molossus.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a member of the Working Group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The first Boxer club was founded in 1895, with Boxers being first exhibited in a dog show for St. Bernards in Munich the next year.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Based on 2013 American Kennel Club statistics, Boxers held steady as the seventh-most popular breed of dog in the United States for the fourth consecutive year." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a medium-sized, short-haired breed of dog, developed in Germany.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colours are fawn or brindled, with or without white markings, and white.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Boxers are brachycephalic (they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle, mandibular prognathism (an underbite), very strong jaws, and a powerful bite ideal for hanging on to large prey.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer was bred from the Old English Bulldog and the now extinct Bullenbeisser which became extinct by crossbreeding rather than by a decadence of the breed.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The purpose of the crossbreeding was the wish to eliminate the excessive white color of the breed, and the necessity of producing thousands of dogs for one of the most popular breeds in the world.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is part of the Molosser group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ This group is a category of solidly built, large dog breeds that all descend from the same common ancestor, the large shepherd dog known as a Molossus.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a member of the Working Group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The first Boxer club was founded in 1895, with Boxers being first exhibited in a dog show for St. Bernards in Munich the next year.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Based on 2013 American Kennel Club statistics, Boxers held steady as the seventh-most popular breed of dog in the United States for the fourth consecutive year.", "Boxer Rebellion __knowledge__ The Boxer Rebellion (), Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement () was a violent anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 1901, toward the end of the Qing dynasty.", "Boxer Rebellion __knowledge__ It was initiated by the Militia United in Righteousness (\"Yihetuan\"), known in English as the \"Boxers\", for many of their members had been practitioners of martial arts that included boxing.", "Boxer Rebellion __knowledge__ They were motivated by proto-nationalist sentiments, and by opposition to Western colonialism and the Christian missionary activity that was associated with it.", "Boxer Rebellion __knowledge__ The uprising took place against a background that included severe drought and disruption caused by the growth of foreign spheres of influence.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ A deaf person has little to no hearing.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ In children hearing problems can affect the ability to learn spoken language and in adults it can cause work related difficulties.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some infections, birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ Nonsyndromic deafness is hearing loss that is not associated with other signs and symptoms.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ In contrast, syndromic deafness involves hearing loss that occurs with abnormalities in other parts of the body.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ Genetic changes are related to the following types of nonsyndromic deafness.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ Each type is numbered in the order in which it was described.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ For example, DFNA1 was the first described autosomal dominant type of nonsyndromic deafness.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ Mitochondrial nonsyndromic deafness involves changes to the small amount of DNA found in mitochondria, the energy-producing centers within cells.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ Most forms of nonsyndromic deafness are associated with permanent hearing loss caused by damage to structures in the inner ear.", "Boxing __knowledge__ Boxing is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves, throw punches at each other for a predetermined set of time in a boxing ring.", "Boxing __knowledge__ Amateur boxing is both an Olympic and Commonwealth Games sport and is a common fixture in most international games—it also has its own World Championships.", "Boxing __knowledge__ Boxing is supervised by a referee over a series of one- to three-minute intervals called rounds.", "Boxing __knowledge__ The result is decided when an opponent is deemed incapable to continue by a referee, is disqualified for breaking a rule, resigns by throwing in a towel, or is pronounced the winner or loser based on the judges' scorecards at the end of the contest.", "Cortical deafness __knowledge__ Cortical deafness is a rare form of sensorineural hearing loss caused by damage to the primary auditory cortex.", "Cortical deafness __knowledge__ Cortical deafness is an auditory disorder where the patient is unable to hear sounds but has no apparent damage to the anatomy of the ear (see auditory system), which can be thought of as the combination of auditory verbal agnosia and auditory agnosia.", "Cortical deafness __knowledge__ Patients with cortical deafness cannot hear any sounds, that is, they are not aware of sounds including non-speech, voices, and speech sounds.", "Cortical deafness __knowledge__ Although patients appear and feel completely deaf, they can still exhibit some reflex responses such as turning their head towards a loud sound.", "Dalmatian dog __knowledge__ The Dalmatian is a breed of medium sized dog, noted for its unique black or liver spotted coat and mainly used as a carriage dog in its early days.", "Dalmatian dog __knowledge__ Its roots trace back to Croatia and its historical region of Dalmatia.", "Dalmatian dog __knowledge__ Today, it is a popular family pet and many dog enthusiasts enter Dalmatians into kennel club competitions.", "Dalmatian dog __knowledge__ The Dalmatian is a medium sized, well-defined, muscular dog with excellent endurance and stamina.", "Dalmatian dog __knowledge__ When full grown, according to the American Kennel Club breed standard, it stands from tall, with males usually slightly larger than females.", "Dalmatian dog __knowledge__ The Kennel Club in the UK allows a height up to .", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd emerged from white-coat lines of the German Shepherd dog in Canada and the United States and from European imports.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd and the white German Shepherd are the same dog, though their coat colors vary.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd breed was officially recognized by the United Kennel Club on April 14, 1999.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ In German Shepherds, the recessive gene for white coat hair was cast in the breed gene pool by the late 19th and early 20th century breeding program that developed and expanded the German Shepherd Dog breed in Germany.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ A white herding dog named Greif was the grandfather of Horand von Grafrath, the dog acknowledged as the foundation of all contemporary German Shepherd bloodlines.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Australian Shepherd, often known simply as the \"Aussie\", is a medium-sized breed of dog that was, despite its name, developed on ranches in the Western United States during the 19th century.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The dog was developed from a breed or breeds from the Basque country in Western Europe.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ It was brought by Basque people to the United States.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ These people had previously lived only briefly in Australia before moving to America.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed otherwise has no connection to Australia.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ There are a number of different theories regarding how the breed came to be associated with Australia, but there is no consensus.", "Dominant white __knowledge__ Dominant white is a group of genetically related coat color conditions in the horse, best known for producing an all-white coat, but also for producing some forms of white spotting and white markings.", "Dominant white __knowledge__ Dominant white horses are born with unpigmented pink skin and white hair with dark eyes, although the amount of white hair or spotting can vary depending on which genetic mutation is involved.", "Dominant white __knowledge__ Dominant white is a rare condition, and under normal conditions, at least one parent must be dominant white to produce dominant white offspring.", "Dominant white __knowledge__ However, most of the currently-known alleles of dominant white can be linked to a documented spontaneous mutation in a single ancestor.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a medium-sized, short-haired breed of dog, developed in Germany.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colours are fawn or brindled, with or without white markings, and white.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Boxers are brachycephalic (they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle, mandibular prognathism (an underbite), very strong jaws, and a powerful bite ideal for hanging on to large prey.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer was bred from the Old English Bulldog and the now extinct Bullenbeisser which became extinct by crossbreeding rather than by a decadence of the breed.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The purpose of the crossbreeding was the wish to eliminate the excessive white color of the breed, and the necessity of producing thousands of dogs for one of the most popular breeds in the world.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is part of the Molosser group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ This group is a category of solidly built, large dog breeds that all descend from the same common ancestor, the large shepherd dog known as a Molossus.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The Boxer is a member of the Working Group.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ The first Boxer club was founded in 1895, with Boxers being first exhibited in a dog show for St. Bernards in Munich the next year.", "Boxer (dog) __knowledge__ Based on 2013 American Kennel Club statistics, Boxers held steady as the seventh-most popular breed of dog in the United States for the fourth consecutive year.", "Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats __knowledge__ Congenital sensorineural deafness occurs in domestic cats with a white coat.", "Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats __knowledge__ It is a congenital deafness caused by a degeneration of the inner ear.", "Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats __knowledge__ Deafness can occur in white cats with yellow, green or blue irises, although it is mostly likely in white cats with blue irises.", "Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats __knowledge__ In white cats with mixed-coloured eyes (odd-eyed cats), it has been found that deafness is more likely to affect the ear on the blue-eyed side.", "Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats __knowledge__ White cats can have blue, gold, green, or copper coloured odd eyes.", "Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats __knowledge__ In one 1997 study of white cats with varying degrees of hearing deficiency, 72% of the animals were found to be totally deaf.", "Cat senses __knowledge__ Cat senses are adaptations that allow cats to be highly efficient predators.", "Cat senses __knowledge__ Cats have acute sight, hearing and smell, and their sense of touch is enhanced by long whiskers that protrude from their heads and bodies.", "Cat senses __knowledge__ These senses allow cats to hunt effectively in dim light and at night.", "Cat senses __knowledge__ Cats, like dogs and many other animals, have a \"tapetum lucidum\", which is a reflective layer behind the retina that sends light that passes through the retina back into the eye.", "Cat senses __knowledge__ While this improves the ability to see in darkness, it appears to reduce net visual acuity, thus detracting when light is abundant.", "Cat senses __knowledge__ In very bright light, the slit-like pupil closes very narrowly over the eye, reducing the amount of light on the sensitive retina, and improving depth of field.", "Waardenburg syndrome __knowledge__ Waardenburg syndrome is a rare genetic disorder most often characterized by varying degrees of deafness, minor defects in structures arising from the neural crest, and pigmentation changes.", "Waardenburg syndrome __knowledge__ It was first described in 1951.", "Waardenburg syndrome __knowledge__ The syndrome was later found to have four types.", "Waardenburg syndrome __knowledge__ For example, type II was identified in 1971, to describe cases where dystopia canthorum was not present.", "Waardenburg syndrome __knowledge__ Some types are now split into subtypes, based upon the gene responsible for the condition.", "Waardenburg syndrome __knowledge__ Symptoms vary from one type of the syndrome to another and from one patient to another, but they include: Waardenburg syndrome has also been associated with a variety of other congenital disorders, such as intestinal and spinal defects, elevation of the scapula and cleft lip and palate.", "Cancer in cats __knowledge__ Similarly to humans, cancer is the leading cause of death among older cats.", "Cancer in cats __knowledge__ It is caused by uncontrolled cell growth, and affects a wide range of cell types and organs in the body.", "Cancer in cats __knowledge__ Feline cancer initially manifests as a lump or bump on any parts of the body.", "Cancer in cats __knowledge__ It rapidly grows in the affected cell; attaches itself to the tissue under the skin in that area; and, depending on the tumour, it can spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer in cats __knowledge__ Although cancer accounts for approximately 32% of deaths in cats over ten years old, it can be successfully treated if diagnosed early.", "Cancer in cats __knowledge__ While the causes of cancer in cats are unknown, feline leukemia virus is suspected to be a prime contributor.", "Bicolor cat __knowledge__ A bicolor cat or piebald cat is a cat with white fur combined with fur of some other color, for example black or tabby.", "Bicolor cat __knowledge__ There are various patterns of bicolor cat.", "Bicolor cat __knowledge__ These range from Turkish Van pattern (color on the crown of the head and the tail only) through to solid color with a throat locket.", "Bicolor cat __knowledge__ Where there is low-to-medium grade white spotting limited to the face, paws, throat and chest of an otherwise black cat, they are known in the United States as a tuxedo cat.", "Bicolor cat __knowledge__ High-grade bicolor results in Van-pattern cats.", "Bicolor cat __knowledge__ There are many patterns between, such as \"cap-and-saddle\", \"mask-and-mantle\" and \"magpie\" (more randomly splashed).", "Eye color __knowledge__ Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic character determined by two distinct factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.", "Eye color __knowledge__ In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black, depending on the concentration of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium (located on the back of the iris), the melanin content within the iris stroma (located at the front of the iris), and the cellular density of the stroma.", "Eye color __knowledge__ The appearance of blue and green, as well as hazel eyes, results from the Tyndall scattering of light in the stroma, a phenomenon similar to that which accounts for the blueness of the sky called Rayleigh scattering.", "Van cat __knowledge__ The Van cat (; , Western Armenian: \"Vana gadou\"; ) is a distinctive landrace of domestic cat, found in the Lake Van region of eastern Turkey.", "Van cat __knowledge__ It is relatively large, has a chalky white coat, sometimes with ruddy coloration on the head and hindquarters, and has blue or amber eyes or is odd-eyed (having one eye of each colour).", "Van cat __knowledge__ The variety has been referred to as \"the swimming cat\", and observed to swim in Lake Van.", "Van cat __knowledge__ The naturally occurring Van cat type is popularly believed to be the basis of the Turkish Van breed, as standardised and recognised by many cat fancier organizations; it has been internationally selectively bred to consistently produce the ruddy head-and-tail colouring pattern on the white coat.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ A deaf person has little to no hearing.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ In children hearing problems can affect the ability to learn spoken language and in adults it can cause work related difficulties.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some infections, birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.", "Sensorineural hearing loss __knowledge__ Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a type of hearing loss, or deafness, in which the root cause lies in the inner ear or sensory organ (cochlea and associated structures) or the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) or neural part.", "Sensorineural hearing loss __knowledge__ SNHL accounts for about 90% of hearing loss reported.", "Sensorineural hearing loss __knowledge__ SNHL is generally permanent and can be mild, moderate, severe, profound, or total.", "Sensorineural hearing loss __knowledge__ Various other descriptors can be used depending on the shape of the audiogram, such as high frequency, low frequency, U-shaped, notched, peaked, or flat.", "Sensorineural hearing loss __knowledge__ \"Sensory\" hearing loss often occurs as a consequence of damaged or deficient cochlear hair cells.", "Noise-induced hearing loss __knowledge__ Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is hearing impairment resulting from exposure to loud sound.", "Noise-induced hearing loss __knowledge__ People may have a loss of perception of a narrow range of frequencies, impaired cognitive perception of sound, or other impairment, including sensitivity to sound or ringing in the ears.", "Noise-induced hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing may deteriorate gradually from chronic and repeated noise exposure, such as loud music or loud background noise, or suddenly, from a short high intensity noise such as a gunshot or airhorn.", "Noise-induced hearing loss __knowledge__ In both types, loud sound overstimulates delicate hearing cells, leading to the permanent injury or death of the cells.", "Noise-induced hearing loss __knowledge__ Once lost, hearing cannot be restored in humans.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ Nonsyndromic deafness is hearing loss that is not associated with other signs and symptoms.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ In contrast, syndromic deafness involves hearing loss that occurs with abnormalities in other parts of the body.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ Genetic changes are related to the following types of nonsyndromic deafness.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ Each type is numbered in the order in which it was described.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ For example, DFNA1 was the first described autosomal dominant type of nonsyndromic deafness.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ Mitochondrial nonsyndromic deafness involves changes to the small amount of DNA found in mitochondria, the energy-producing centers within cells.", "Nonsyndromic deafness __knowledge__ Most forms of nonsyndromic deafness are associated with permanent hearing loss caused by damage to structures in the inner ear.", "Ear __knowledge__ The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance.", "Ear __knowledge__ In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts—the outer ear, middle ear and the inner ear.", "Ear __knowledge__ The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal.", "Ear __knowledge__ Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most animals, the word \"ear\" often refers to the external part alone.", "Ear __knowledge__ The middle ear includes the tympanic cavity and the three ossicles.", "Ear __knowledge__ The inner ear sits in the bony labyrinth, and contains structures which are key to several senses: the semicircular canals, which enable balance and eye tracking when moving; the utricle and saccule, which enable balance when stationary; and the cochlea, which enables hearing.", "Hearing aid __knowledge__ A hearing aid is a device designed to improve hearing by making sound audible to a person with hearing loss.", "Hearing aid __knowledge__ Hearing aids are classified as medical devices in most countries, and regulated by the respective regulations.", "Hearing aid __knowledge__ Small audio amplifiers such as PSAPs or other plain sound reinforcing systems cannot be sold as \"hearing aids\".", "Hearing aid __knowledge__ Early devices, such as ear trumpets or ear horns, were passive amplification cones designed to gather sound energy and direct it into the ear canal.", "Hearing aid __knowledge__ Modern devices are computerised electroacoustic systems that transform environmental sound to make it audible, according to audiometrical and cognitive rules." ] ]

[ 2, 21, 18 ]

[ "I love dogs. All breeds, really. My friend has a Boxer with a white coat who is deaf, and I am in love with him.", "I don't think deafness is necessarily common in Boxers, but hearing loss is common in albino dogs, like white boxers, as a consequence of genetics.", "That's so interesting! Do you think deafness in cats puts them at a disadvantage? It seems like their other senses - sight, smell, touch - are so acute that it would be minimal." ]

[ "Boxer (dog)", "Boxer (dog)", "Boxer (dog)" ]

[ "SpongeBob SquarePants", "Yes, I have. The antics of Spongebob in Bikini Bottom crack me up. Do you know when the show started?", "Wow, that is a lot of money. I think it started in the late 90's which means it isn't much newer than the Simpsons. I wonder which show will last the longest?", "I believe the first season of Simpsons started in 1989, so 7 years then. People don't realize how long Spongebob has been around!", "Yikes. I'm glad they went with Spongebob Squarepants. It sounds so much better, especially in the intro song!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series' popularity has made it a media franchise, as well as the highest rated series to ever air on Nickelodeon, and the most distributed property of MTV Networks.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ As of late 2017, the media franchise has generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled \"The Intertidal Zone\", which Hillenburg created in 1989.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ He began developing \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of \"Rocko's Modern Life\", and turned to Tom Kenny, who had worked with him on that series, to voice the title character.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob was originally going to be named SpongeBoy, and the series was to be called \"SpongeBoy Ahoy!", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ \", but both of these were changed, as the name was already trademarked.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on May 1, 1999, following the television airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series' popularity has made it a media franchise, as well as the highest rated series to ever air on Nickelodeon, and the most distributed property of MTV Networks.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ As of late 2017, the media franchise has generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled \"The Intertidal Zone\", which Hillenburg created in 1989.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ He began developing \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of \"Rocko's Modern Life\", and turned to Tom Kenny, who had worked with him on that series, to voice the title character.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob was originally going to be named SpongeBoy, and the series was to be called \"SpongeBoy Ahoy!", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ \", but both of these were changed, as the name was already trademarked.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on May 1, 1999, following the television airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (musical) __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants: The Broadway Musical (originally titled The SpongeBob Musical) is a stage musical, co-conceived and directed by Tina Landau with songs by various artists, a book by Kyle Jarrow and choreography by Christopher Gattelli.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (musical) __knowledge__ It is based on the Nickelodeon animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" and made its world premiere in June 2016 at the Oriental Theatre in Chicago.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (musical) __knowledge__ The show premiered on Broadway at the Palace Theatre on December 4, 2017.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (musical) __knowledge__ Before the show begins, a pirate sits down on part of the stage as the audience is taking their seats.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (musical) __knowledge__ The pirate is revealed to be SpongeBob's number one fan, Patchy, who has traveled from Encino, California to catch the premiere of SpongeBob's musical.", "Legends of Bikini Bottom __knowledge__ Legends of Bikini Bottom is an anthology series of six episodes in the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\", as part of its seventh season.", "Legends of Bikini Bottom __knowledge__ As the name suggests, the episodes have plots involving things like monsters, magic and mythical creatures.", "Legends of Bikini Bottom __knowledge__ The episode called \"Trenchbillies\" first premiered on the online social networking service Facebook on January 27, 2011 before airing on Nickelodeon on January 29, 2011.", "Legends of Bikini Bottom __knowledge__ The four others, titled \"Sponge-Cano!", "Legends of Bikini Bottom __knowledge__ \", \"The Main Drain\", \"The Monster Who Came to Bikini Bottom\" and \"Welcome to the Bikini Bottom Triangle\" premiered on Nickelodeon as part of an hour-long special on January 28, 2011.", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie is a 2004 American live-action/animated comedy film based on the Nickelodeon television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\".", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ The film was co-written, directed, and produced by series creator Stephen Hillenburg and features the series' cast of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Clancy Brown, Rodger Bumpass and Mr. Lawrence, while also starring Scarlett Johansson, Jeffrey Tambor, Alec Baldwin and David Hasselhoff.", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and produced by Hillenburg's production company United Plankton Pictures along with Nickelodeon Movies.", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ It is the first film in the \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" film series.", "It's a SpongeBob Christmas! __knowledge__ \"It's a SpongeBob Christmas!\"", "It's a SpongeBob Christmas! __knowledge__ is the 23rd episode of the eighth season, and the 175th episode overall, of the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\".", "It's a SpongeBob Christmas! __knowledge__ It originally aired on CBS in the United States on November 23, 2012, and on Nickelodeon on December 6.", "It's a SpongeBob Christmas! __knowledge__ In the special, Plankton tries to convince SpongeBob to transform everybody in Bikini Bottom into jerks by feeding them his special jerktonium-laced fruitcakes in order to get his Christmas wishthe Krabby Patty secret formula.", "It's a SpongeBob Christmas! __knowledge__ The episode was produced in stop motion animation at Screen Novelties, and was directed by Mark Caballero and Seamus Walsh, two of the founders of the company.", "WhoBob WhatPants? __knowledge__ \"What Ever Happened to SpongeBob?", "WhoBob WhatPants? __knowledge__ \", promotionally known as \"WhoBob WhatPants?", "WhoBob WhatPants? __knowledge__ \", is the 18th episode of the fifth season and the 98th overall episode of the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\".", "WhoBob WhatPants? __knowledge__ It originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on October 13, 2008.", "WhoBob WhatPants? __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "WhoBob WhatPants? __knowledge__ In this episode, SpongeBob feels neglected and ends up a nuisance when he tries to hang out with the other characters.", "WhoBob WhatPants? __knowledge__ They all angrily call him \"Idiot Boy\", so SpongeBob decides to pack up and leave Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom is a 2003 video game based on the animated series of the same name, developed by Heavy Iron Studios, AWE Games, and Vicarious Visions, and published by THQ.", "SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom __knowledge__ The game was released for the PlayStation 2, Game Boy Advance (GBA), Xbox, and Nintendo GameCube consoles as well as a port for Microsoft Windows.", "SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom __knowledge__ The Microsoft Windows version of the game is a point-and-click adventure game, whereas the 6th generation platforms received a 3D platformer.", "SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom __knowledge__ The Game Boy Advance version received a 2D platformer.", "SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom __knowledge__ All versions of the game feature an original storyline, in which the player attempts to defend Bikini Bottom from an invasion of robots created by Plankton with a machine called the Duplicatotron 3001, playing as SpongeBob in all versions, as well as Patrick and Sandy in the console versions.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8) __knowledge__ The eighth season of the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\", created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States from March 26, 2011 to December 6, 2012, and contained 26 episodes, beginning with the episodes \"A Friendly Game\" and \"Oral Report\".", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8) __knowledge__ The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8) __knowledge__ The season was executive produced by series creator Hillenburg and writer Paul Tibbitt, who also acted as the showrunner.", "List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters __knowledge__ The characters in the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" were created by artist, animator, and former marine biologist Stephen Hillenburg.", "List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters __knowledge__ The series chronicles the adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters __knowledge__ Most characters are anthropomorphic sea creatures based on real-life species.", "List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters __knowledge__ Many of the characters' designs originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled \"The Intertidal Zone\", which Hillenburg created in 1989.", "List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters __knowledge__ \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" features the voices of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett and Lori Alan.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 6) __knowledge__ The sixth season of the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\", created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, aired on Nickelodeon from March 3, 2008 to July 5, 2010, and contained 26 episodes, beginning with the episode \"Krabby Road\".", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 6) __knowledge__ The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 6) __knowledge__ The season was executive produced by series creator Hillenburg and supervising producer Paul Tibbitt, who also acted as the showrunner.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 6) __knowledge__ In 2009, the show celebrated its tenth anniversary on television.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of the American animated television sitcom \"SpongeBob SquarePants\", created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, aired from May 1, 1999 to April 8, 2000, and consists of 20 episodes.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ The show features the voices of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett, and Lori Alan.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ Among the first guest stars to appear on the show were Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway voicing the superhero characters of Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy, respectively.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ Stephen McDannell Hillenburg (born August21, 1961) is an American cartoonist, animator, writer, producer, director, and former marine biologist.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ He is the creator of the television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" (1999), which he has also directed, produced, and written.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ It has gone on to become one of the longest-running American television series as well as the highest-rated show ever to air on Nickelodeon.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ Born in Lawton, Oklahoma and raised in Anaheim, California, Hillenburg became fascinated with the ocean as a child and also developed an interest in art.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ He started his professional career in 1984, instructing marine biology, at the Orange County Marine Institute, where he wrote \"The Intertidal Zone\", an informative comic book about tide-pool animals, which he used to educate his students." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series' popularity has made it a media franchise, as well as the highest rated series to ever air on Nickelodeon, and the most distributed property of MTV Networks.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ As of late 2017, the media franchise has generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled \"The Intertidal Zone\", which Hillenburg created in 1989.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ He began developing \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of \"Rocko's Modern Life\", and turned to Tom Kenny, who had worked with him on that series, to voice the title character.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob was originally going to be named SpongeBoy, and the series was to be called \"SpongeBoy Ahoy!", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ \", but both of these were changed, as the name was already trademarked.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on May 1, 1999, following the television airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society, television, and the human condition.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name.", "Media in The Simpsons __knowledge__ Media is a recurring theme of satire on \"The Simpsons\".", "Media in The Simpsons __knowledge__ The show is known for its satire of American popular culture and especially television culture, but has since its inception covered all types of media such as animation, journalism, commercials, comic books, movies, internet, and music.", "Media in The Simpsons __knowledge__ The series centers on a family and their life in a typical American town but the town of Springfield acts as a complete universe.", "Media in The Simpsons __knowledge__ The town features a vast array of media channels—from kids' television programming to local news, which enables the producers to make jokes about themselves and the entertainment industry.", "Fox Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ Fox Broadcasting Company (often shortened to Fox and stylized as FOX) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.", "Fox Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ The network is headquartered at the 20th Century Fox studio in Los Angeles, with additional major offices and production facilities at the Fox Television Center also in Los Angeles and the Fox Broadcasting Center in New York City.", "Fox Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ Launched on October 9, 1986, as a competitor to the Big Three television networks (ABC, NBC and CBS), Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: A Jekyll and Hyde-type who fought Captain Marvel Jr. Based on the Nazi Dictator Adolf Hitler.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Führer of Nazi Germany, he was a member of the Monster Society of Evil.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ He ordered the creation of Captain Nazi, and caused many plots against America and its superheroes.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Like his real-life counterpart, he probably committed suicide with his wife when the Allies were advancing to Berlin.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Only appearing in \"Marvel Family\" #27.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Created by a scientist who thinks if everyone in the world was like him there would be no war.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "There's Something About Marrying __knowledge__ \"There's Something About Marrying\" is the tenth episode of the sixteenth season of \"The Simpsons\".", "There's Something About Marrying __knowledge__ In the episode, Springfield legalizes same-sex marriage to increase tourism.", "There's Something About Marrying __knowledge__ After becoming a minister, Homer starts to wed people to make money.", "There's Something About Marrying __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Marge's sister Patty comes out as a lesbian and reveals that she is going to marry a woman named Veronica.", "There's Something About Marrying __knowledge__ Marge originally disapproves of this, making Patty frustrated.", "There's Something About Marrying __knowledge__ When Marge accidentally discovers that Veronica is a man cross-dressed as a woman, she decides to keep quiet about it knowing that Patty will be marrying a man.", "There's Something About Marrying __knowledge__ However, at the ceremony, she is so moved by Patty's vow that she is forced to reveal Veronica's secret.", "Dollz __knowledge__ Dollz, cartoon dolls, or pixel dolls are small pixelated digital images, generally consisting of illustrations of people with clothes and accessories.", "Dollz __knowledge__ Dollz are generally created by taking a base body (a drawing of a bald and naked body created for this purpose), and then drawing hair, clothes and accessories onto it.", "Dollz __knowledge__ They also usually have a hard edge and transparent background so that they can be easily displayed on the web.", "Dollz __knowledge__ People who create dollz are known as dollers or dollists.", "Dollz __knowledge__ They are, in great majority, women, although a few male dollers exist.", "Dollz __knowledge__ These dollers usually take on dolling as a personal hobby.", "Marshall Plan __knowledge__ The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13,000,000,000 (nearly $140 billion in current dollar value as of September 2017) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.", "Marshall Plan __knowledge__ The plan was in operation for four years beginning on April 8, 1948.", "Marshall Plan __knowledge__ The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernise industry, make Europe prosperous once more, and prevent the spread of Communism.", "Marshall Plan __knowledge__ The Marshall Plan required a lessening of interstate barriers, a dropping of many regulations, and encouraged an increase in productivity, trade union membership, as well as the adoption of modern business procedures.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ The United States (U.S.) subprime mortgage crisis was a nationwide banking emergency, occurring between 2007-2010, which contributed to the U.S. recession of December 2007 – June 2009.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ It was triggered by a large decline in home prices after the collapse of a housing bubble, leading to mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures and the devaluation of housing-related securities.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Declines in residential investment preceded the recession and were followed by reductions in household spending and then business investment.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Spending reductions were more significant in areas with a combination of high household debt and larger housing price declines.", "Economy of Ukraine __knowledge__ The economy of Ukraine is an emerging free market.", "Economy of Ukraine __knowledge__ Like other post-Soviet states, its gross domestic product fell sharply for 10 years following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.", "Economy of Ukraine __knowledge__ However, it grew rapidly from 2000 until 2008 when the Great Recession began worldwide and reached Ukraine as the 2008-2009 Ukrainian financial crisis.", "Economy of Ukraine __knowledge__ The economy recovered in 2010, but since 2013 the Ukrainian economy has been suffering from a severe downturn.", "Economy of Ukraine __knowledge__ The depression during the 1990s included hyperinflation and a fall in economic output to less than half of the GDP of the preceding Ukrainian SSR.", "Economy of Ukraine __knowledge__ GDP growth was recorded for the first time in 2000, and continued for eight years.", "The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria __knowledge__ The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (or simply The Global Fund) is an international financing organization that aims to \"[a]ttract and disburse additional resources to prevent and treat HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.\"", "The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria __knowledge__ A public–private partnership, the organization has its secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland.", "The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria __knowledge__ The organization began operations in January 2002.", "The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria __knowledge__ Microsoft founder Bill Gates was one of the first private foundations among many bilateral donors to provide seed money for the project.", "The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria __knowledge__ The Global Fund is the world's largest financier of anti-AIDS, TB and malaria programs.", "Observable universe __knowledge__ The observable universe is a spherical region of the Universe comprising all matter that can be observed from Earth at the present time, because electromagnetic radiation from these objects has had time to reach Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion.", "Observable universe __knowledge__ There are at least 2 trillion galaxies in the observable universe, containing more stars than all the grains of sand on planet Earth.", "Observable universe __knowledge__ Assuming the Universe is isotropic, the distance to the edge of the observable universe is roughly the same in every direction.", "Observable universe __knowledge__ That is, the observable universe is a spherical volume (a ball) centered on the observer.", "Economy of Pakistan __knowledge__ The economy of Pakistan is the 24th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product.", "Economy of Pakistan __knowledge__ Pakistan has a population of over 207 million (the world's 5th-largest), giving it a nominal GDP per capita of $1,629, which ranks 147th in the world for 2016.", "Economy of Pakistan __knowledge__ However, Pakistan's undocumented economy is estimated to be 36% of its overall economy, which is not taken into consideration when calculating per capita income.", "Economy of Pakistan __knowledge__ Pakistan is a developing country and is one of the Next Eleven, the eleven countries that have a potential to be among the world's large economies in the 21st century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series' popularity has made it a media franchise, as well as the highest rated series to ever air on Nickelodeon, and the most distributed property of MTV Networks.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ As of late 2017, the media franchise has generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled \"The Intertidal Zone\", which Hillenburg created in 1989.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ He began developing \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of \"Rocko's Modern Life\", and turned to Tom Kenny, who had worked with him on that series, to voice the title character.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob was originally going to be named SpongeBoy, and the series was to be called \"SpongeBoy Ahoy!", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ \", but both of these were changed, as the name was already trademarked.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on May 1, 1999, following the television airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society, television, and the human condition.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks.", "The Simpsons __knowledge__ Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of the American animated television sitcom \"SpongeBob SquarePants\", created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, aired from May 1, 1999 to April 8, 2000, and consists of 20 episodes.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ The show features the voices of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett, and Lori Alan.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ Among the first guest stars to appear on the show were Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway voicing the superhero characters of Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy, respectively.", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie is a 2004 American live-action/animated comedy film based on the Nickelodeon television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\".", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ The film was co-written, directed, and produced by series creator Stephen Hillenburg and features the series' cast of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Clancy Brown, Rodger Bumpass and Mr. Lawrence, while also starring Scarlett Johansson, Jeffrey Tambor, Alec Baldwin and David Hasselhoff.", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and produced by Hillenburg's production company United Plankton Pictures along with Nickelodeon Movies.", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ It is the first film in the \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" film series.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ Stephen McDannell Hillenburg (born August21, 1961) is an American cartoonist, animator, writer, producer, director, and former marine biologist.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ He is the creator of the television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" (1999), which he has also directed, produced, and written.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ It has gone on to become one of the longest-running American television series as well as the highest-rated show ever to air on Nickelodeon.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ Born in Lawton, Oklahoma and raised in Anaheim, California, Hillenburg became fascinated with the ocean as a child and also developed an interest in art.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ He started his professional career in 1984, instructing marine biology, at the Orange County Marine Institute, where he wrote \"The Intertidal Zone\", an informative comic book about tide-pool animals, which he used to educate his students.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants) __knowledge__ \"Help Wanted\" is the pilot episode of the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\".", "Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants) __knowledge__ It originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on May 1, 1999, following the television airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards.", "Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants) __knowledge__ The episode follows the protagonist, an anthropomorphic young sea sponge named SpongeBob SquarePants, attempting to get a job at a local restaurant called the Krusty Krab.", "Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants) __knowledge__ However, he is tasked to find a seemingly non-existent high-caliber spatula because the owner, Mr. Krabs, considers him unqualified for the position.", "Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants) __knowledge__ Eventually, crowds of ravenous anchovies stop by the Krusty Krab and demand meals.", "Mrs. Puff __knowledge__ Mrs.", "Mrs. Puff __knowledge__ Puff is a fictional character in the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" and both films based on the franchise.", "Mrs. Puff __knowledge__ She is voiced by actress Mary Jo Catlett and debuted in the season one episode \"Boating School\" on August 7, 1999.", "Mrs. Puff __knowledge__ Mrs.", "Mrs. Puff __knowledge__ Puff was created and designed by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg.", "Mrs. Puff __knowledge__ He developed the character in response to a request from Nickelodeon that the show star a schoolteacher.", "Mrs. Puff __knowledge__ Hillenburg did not want to write SpongeBob as a school-age child, so Mrs.", "Mrs. Puff __knowledge__ Puff was introduced as his driving instructor rather than an elementary school educator.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (character) __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants is a fictional character, the titular character and protagonist of the American animated television series of the same name.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (character) __knowledge__ He is voiced by actor and comedian Tom Kenny and first appeared on television in the series' pilot episode on May 1, 1999.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (character) __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants was created and designed by cartoonist and marine biologist Stephen Hillenburg, who began developing the show shortly after the cancellation of \"Rocko's Modern Life\" in 1996.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (character) __knowledge__ Hillenburg intended to create a series about an over-optimistic sea sponge living in an underwater town.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (character) __knowledge__ Hillenburg compared the character's personality to Laurel and Hardy and Pee-wee Herman.", "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water __knowledge__ The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water is a 2015 American 3D live-action/animated comedy film inspired by the animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\".", "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water __knowledge__ A stand-alone sequel to \"The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie\" (2004), it was directed by former series showrunner Paul Tibbitt in his directorial debut, with live-action sequences directed by Mike Mitchell.", "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water __knowledge__ It was the first film to be produced by Paramount Animation and second film in the \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" film series.", "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water __knowledge__ The film stars Antonio Banderas and features the show's regular voice cast, who returned to reprise their respective roles from the series and the previous film." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series' popularity has made it a media franchise, as well as the highest rated series to ever air on Nickelodeon, and the most distributed property of MTV Networks.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ As of late 2017, the media franchise has generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled \"The Intertidal Zone\", which Hillenburg created in 1989.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ He began developing \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of \"Rocko's Modern Life\", and turned to Tom Kenny, who had worked with him on that series, to voice the title character.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob was originally going to be named SpongeBoy, and the series was to be called \"SpongeBoy Ahoy!", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ \", but both of these were changed, as the name was already trademarked.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on May 1, 1999, following the television airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards.", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie is a 2004 American live-action/animated comedy film based on the Nickelodeon television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\".", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ The film was co-written, directed, and produced by series creator Stephen Hillenburg and features the series' cast of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Clancy Brown, Rodger Bumpass and Mr. Lawrence, while also starring Scarlett Johansson, Jeffrey Tambor, Alec Baldwin and David Hasselhoff.", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and produced by Hillenburg's production company United Plankton Pictures along with Nickelodeon Movies.", "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie __knowledge__ It is the first film in the \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" film series.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ Stephen McDannell Hillenburg (born August21, 1961) is an American cartoonist, animator, writer, producer, director, and former marine biologist.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ He is the creator of the television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" (1999), which he has also directed, produced, and written.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ It has gone on to become one of the longest-running American television series as well as the highest-rated show ever to air on Nickelodeon.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ Born in Lawton, Oklahoma and raised in Anaheim, California, Hillenburg became fascinated with the ocean as a child and also developed an interest in art.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ He started his professional career in 1984, instructing marine biology, at the Orange County Marine Institute, where he wrote \"The Intertidal Zone\", an informative comic book about tide-pool animals, which he used to educate his students.", "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water __knowledge__ The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water is a 2015 American 3D live-action/animated comedy film inspired by the animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\".", "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water __knowledge__ A stand-alone sequel to \"The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie\" (2004), it was directed by former series showrunner Paul Tibbitt in his directorial debut, with live-action sequences directed by Mike Mitchell.", "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water __knowledge__ It was the first film to be produced by Paramount Animation and second film in the \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" film series.", "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water __knowledge__ The film stars Antonio Banderas and features the show's regular voice cast, who returned to reprise their respective roles from the series and the previous film.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (character) __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants is a fictional character, the titular character and protagonist of the American animated television series of the same name.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (character) __knowledge__ He is voiced by actor and comedian Tom Kenny and first appeared on television in the series' pilot episode on May 1, 1999.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (character) __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants was created and designed by cartoonist and marine biologist Stephen Hillenburg, who began developing the show shortly after the cancellation of \"Rocko's Modern Life\" in 1996.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (character) __knowledge__ Hillenburg intended to create a series about an over-optimistic sea sponge living in an underwater town.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (character) __knowledge__ Hillenburg compared the character's personality to Laurel and Hardy and Pee-wee Herman.", "List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters __knowledge__ The characters in the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" were created by artist, animator, and former marine biologist Stephen Hillenburg.", "List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters __knowledge__ The series chronicles the adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters __knowledge__ Most characters are anthropomorphic sea creatures based on real-life species.", "List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters __knowledge__ Many of the characters' designs originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled \"The Intertidal Zone\", which Hillenburg created in 1989.", "List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters __knowledge__ \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" features the voices of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett and Lori Alan.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2) __knowledge__ The second season of the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\", created by Stephen Hillenburg, aired on Nickelodeon from October 26, 2000, to July 26, 2003, and consists of 20 episodes.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2) __knowledge__ The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2) __knowledge__ The season was executive produced by series creator Hillenburg, who also acted as the showrunner.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2) __knowledge__ During the season's run, \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" became Nickelodeon's 2 children's program, behind \"Rugrats\".", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2) __knowledge__ Nearly 40 percent of \"SpongeBob\"s audience of 2.2 million were aged 18 to 34.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of the American animated television sitcom \"SpongeBob SquarePants\", created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, aired from May 1, 1999 to April 8, 2000, and consists of 20 episodes.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ The show features the voices of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett, and Lori Alan.", "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) __knowledge__ Among the first guest stars to appear on the show were Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway voicing the superhero characters of Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy, respectively.", "Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants) __knowledge__ \"Help Wanted\" is the pilot episode of the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\".", "Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants) __knowledge__ It originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on May 1, 1999, following the television airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards.", "Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants) __knowledge__ The episode follows the protagonist, an anthropomorphic young sea sponge named SpongeBob SquarePants, attempting to get a job at a local restaurant called the Krusty Krab.", "Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants) __knowledge__ However, he is tasked to find a seemingly non-existent high-caliber spatula because the owner, Mr. Krabs, considers him unqualified for the position.", "Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants) __knowledge__ Eventually, crowds of ravenous anchovies stop by the Krusty Krab and demand meals.", "Ahoy (greeting) __knowledge__ Ahoy () () is a signal word used to call to a ship or boat, stemming from the Middle English cry, 'Hoy!'.", "Ahoy (greeting) __knowledge__ The word had fallen into obsolescence before rising from obscurity as the sport of sailing rose in popularity.", "Ahoy (greeting) __knowledge__ 'Ahoy' can also be used as a greeting, a warning, or a farewell.", "Ahoy (greeting) __knowledge__ The word can be found with similar pronunciation and writing in several other languages.", "Ahoy (greeting) __knowledge__ In Indonesian, another greeting \"Ahiy\" is also used besides Ahoy.", "Ahoy (greeting) __knowledge__ In Slovak and Czech also, \"ahoj\" is a common, colloquial greeting, while 'Hoi' is used in Modern Dutch and Swiss German, and ‘oi’ in Modern Portuguese, as an informal greeting equivalent to the English 'hi' or 'hey'.", "Chips Ahoy! __knowledge__ \"This is the article about the cookie.", "Chips Ahoy! __knowledge__ For the Donald Duck short film, see Chips Ahoy (film).\"", "Chips Ahoy! __knowledge__ Chips Ahoy!", "Chips Ahoy! __knowledge__ is a brand of cookie, baked and marketed by Nabisco, a subsidiary of Mondelēz International, that debuted in 1963.", "Chips Ahoy! __knowledge__ It is widely sold in the United States, Latin America (where its name in some countries is \"Choco Chips\"), South Africa, Canada, Latvia, Spain, Portugal, China, Indonesia, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Italy and many more regions.", "Chips Ahoy! __knowledge__ It is marketed in varieties of mini-sized cookie packages to around packages of standard-sized cookies.", "Chips Ahoy! __knowledge__ It is the third best-selling cookie in the United States after Oreo, also a Nabisco-branded cookie, with an average of million in sales per year.", "Atari ST __knowledge__ The Atari ST is a line of home computers from Atari Corporation and the successor to the Atari 8-bit family.", "Atari ST __knowledge__ The initial ST model, the 520ST, saw limited release in April-June 1985 and was widely available in July.", "Atari ST __knowledge__ The Atari ST is the first personal computer to come with a bitmapped color GUI, using a version of Digital Research's GEM released in February 1985.", "Atari ST __knowledge__ The 1040ST, released in 1986, is the first personal computer to ship with a megabyte of RAM in the base configuration and also the first with a cost-per-kilobyte of less than US$1.", "Atari ST __knowledge__ The Atari ST is part of a mid-1980s generation of home computers that have 16 or 32-bit processors, 256 KiB or more of RAM, and mouse-controlled graphical user interfaces.", "Ship Ahoy (album) __knowledge__ Ship Ahoy is a rhythm and blues album by Philadelphia soul group The O'Jays, released on November 10, 1973 on Philadelphia International Records.", "Ship Ahoy (album) __knowledge__ The album was a critical and commercial success, reaching #1 on \"Billboard\"s \"Black Albums\" chart and #11 on the \"Pop Albums\" chart and launching two hit singles, \"For the Love of Money\" and \"Put your hands together.\"", "Ship Ahoy (album) __knowledge__ Conceived as a theme album built around the title track, \"Ship Ahoy\" includes socially relevant tracks and love songs under a cover that is itself notable for its serious subject matter.", "Ship Ahoy (album) __knowledge__ The album, which achieved RIAA platinum certification for over 1 million copies sold in 1992, has been reissued multiple times, including in a 2003 edition with a bonus track." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 6, 7, 9 ]

[ "I love Spongebob, especially the first several episodes, have you watched the animated series", "Not sure when it started but as of 2017 it has made 13 billion dollers", "actually I have discovered in 1996, not sure what the difference would be between the Simpsons and Spongebob would be", "Originally the show was going to be called Spongeboy Ahoy", "The series preview was on Nickelodeon in the US May 1st 1999 after the Kids CHoice awards" ]

[ "SpongeBob SquarePants", "SpongeBob SquarePants", "SpongeBob SquarePants", "SpongeBob SquarePants", "SpongeBob SquarePants" ]

[ "Hamburger\ni really like eating hamburgers they are my favorite food", "i like mine barbecued they really are delicious and sweet, could you tell me more abouut hamburgers", "that sounds kind of funny to pronunce but i tend to just call them burgers jajaj", "I love turkey burger it is my second favorite type of burger meat", "wow i thought it was an american word that is really interesting thank you so much for all the info " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "ATi Radeon R400 Series __knowledge__ The R420 GPU, developed by ATI Technologies, was the company's basis for its 3rd-generation DirectX 9.0/OpenGL 2.0-capable graphics cards.", "ATi Radeon R400 Series __knowledge__ Used first on the Radeon X800, the R420 was produced on a 0.13 micrometer (130 nm) low-\"K\" photolithography process and used GDDR-3 memory.", "ATi Radeon R400 Series __knowledge__ The chip was designed for AGP graphics cards.", "ATi Radeon R400 Series __knowledge__ Driver support of this core was discontinued as of Catalyst 9.4, and as a result there is no official Windows 7 support for any of the X700 - X850 products.", "ATi Radeon R400 Series __knowledge__ In terms of supported DirectX features, R420 (codenamed Loki) was very similar to the R300.", "ATi Radeon R400 Series __knowledge__ R420 basically takes a \"wider is better\" approach to the previous architecture, with some small tweaks thrown in to enhance it in various ways.", "Joey Chestnut __knowledge__ Joseph \"Joey\" Christian Chestnut (born November 25, 1983) is an American competitive eater.", "Joey Chestnut __knowledge__ He is currently ranked first in the world by Major League Eating.", "Joey Chestnut __knowledge__ He is a Vallejo, California, native and resides in San Jose, California.", "Joey Chestnut __knowledge__ Chestnut's height is 6-feet-one-inch (1.9 m); his weight is 230 pounds (104 kg).", "Joey Chestnut __knowledge__ On July 4, 2007, Chestnut won the 92nd Annual Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest, beating six-time defending champion Takeru \"Tsunami\" Kobayashi by consuming 66 hot dogs and buns (HDB) in 12 minutes, which set a new world record.", "Joey Chestnut __knowledge__ The following year, he successfully defended his title by winning a 5 hot dog eat-off after tying Kobayashi in consuming 59 HDB in 10 minutes.", "Competitive eating __knowledge__ Competitive eating, or speed eating, is an activity in which participants compete against each other to consume large quantities of food in a short time period.", "Competitive eating __knowledge__ Contests are typically eight to ten minutes long, although some competitions can last up to thirty minutes, with the person consuming the most food being declared the winner.", "Competitive eating __knowledge__ Competitive eating is most popular in the United States, Canada, and Japan, where organized professional eating contests often offer prizes, including cash.", "Competitive eating __knowledge__ Traditionally, eating contests, often involving pies, were events at county fairs.", "Competitive eating __knowledge__ The recent surge in the popularity of competitive eating is due in large part to the development of the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest, an annual holiday tradition that has been held on July 4 virtually every year since the 1970s at Coney Island.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Sanrio, a Japanese company specialized in creating cute characters.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Beginning in 1963, Sanrio sells and licenses products branded with these characters and has created over 400 characters, with the most successful and best known being Hello Kitty.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ The characters listed here are shown with the year in which they first appeared.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ is the best-known of Sanrio's fictional characters, created in 1974.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty is drawn simply with a trademark red bow.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Registered in 1975, Hello Kitty is now a globally known trademark.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty has been marketed in the United States from the beginning and has held the position of U.S. children's ambassador for UNICEF since 1983." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ Delicious is a series of time management casual games that is developed by Zylom Studios and later on by Gamehouse Studios.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ From the 7th game onwards, the games are developed by Gamehouse Studios and Blue Giraffe.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ The games tell the story of Emily, a waitress who aspires to one day run her own restaurant, and who works in several other restaurants in order to earn the money to eventually make her dream come true.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ After releasing the first 3 games of the series, Zylom decided to \"renew\" the series by adding some factors to it to make Emily's world more memorable and natural.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ As a result of this, from the fourth game onwards, the series received high appreciation and reviews from casual game critics and gamers, such as Gamezebo, who gave the seventh game, \"Emily's True Love\", a maximum 5/5 star overall review.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumpling is a broad classification for a dish that consists of small pieces of dough (made from a variety of starch sources) wrapped around a filling.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ The dough can be based on bread, flour, or potatoes, and may be filled with meat, fish, cheese, vegetables, fruits, or sweets.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of methods, including baking, boiling, frying, simmering, or steaming.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku and kenkey fit the definition of a dumpling in that they are starchy balls of dough that are steamed.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ They are formed from fermented cornmeal.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku is boiled and requires continues kneading, while kenkey is partly boiled then finished by steaming in corn or banana leaves." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "Bob's Burgers __knowledge__ Bob's Burgers is an American animated sitcom created by Loren Bouchard that premiered on Fox on January 9, 2011.", "Bob's Burgers __knowledge__ The series centers on the Belcher family – parents Bob and Linda, and their children Tina, Gene, and Louise – who run a hamburger restaurant.", "Bob's Burgers __knowledge__ The show was conceived by Bouchard after he developed \"Home Movies\".", "Bob's Burgers __knowledge__ It is produced and distributed in association with 20th Century Fox Television.", "Bob's Burgers __knowledge__ While reviews for the first season were mixed, feedback for subsequent seasons has been much more positive.", "Bob's Burgers __knowledge__ The series premiere, \"Human Flesh\", drew in 9.39 million viewers, making it the highest-rated series premiere of the season, and finishing ninth in the ratings for the week it aired.", "Ukrainian presidential election, 2010 __knowledge__ The Ukrainian presidential election of 2010 was Ukraine's fifth presidential election since declaring independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.", "Ukrainian presidential election, 2010 __knowledge__ The first round was held on January 17, 2010.", "Ukrainian presidential election, 2010 __knowledge__ The run-off between Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko and opposition leader Viktor Yanukovych followed on February 7, 2010.", "Ukrainian presidential election, 2010 __knowledge__ On February 14, Viktor Yanukovych, with 48.95% of the popular vote, was declared President-elect and winner of the 2010 Ukrainian Presidential election.", "Ukrainian presidential election, 2010 __knowledge__ According to , the President must be sworn into office within 30 days from the official declaration of the poll before the Ukrainian parliament.", "Paul Kruger __knowledge__ Stephanus Johannes Paulus \"Paul\" Kruger (; ; 10 October 1825 – 14 July 1904) was one of the dominant political and military figures in 19th-century South Africa, and President of the South African Republic (or Transvaal) from 1883 to 1900.", "Paul Kruger __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"Oom Paul\" (\"Uncle Paul\"), he came to international prominence as the face of the Boer cause—that of the Transvaal and its neighbour the Orange Free State—against Britain during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902.", "Paul Kruger __knowledge__ He has been called a personification of Afrikanerdom, and remains a controversial and divisive figure; admirers venerate him as a tragic folk hero, and critics view him as the obstinate guardian of an unjust cause.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Bob's Burgers (season 2) __knowledge__ The second season of the animated sitcom \"Bob's Burgers\" began airing on Fox in the United States on , and concluded on .", "Bob's Burgers (season 2) __knowledge__ The season was produced by Wilo Productions and Buck & Millie Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, and is distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, along with its other seasons.", "Bob's Burgers (season 2) __knowledge__ Actors H. Jon Benjamin, John Roberts, Dan Mintz, Eugene Mirman and Kristen Schaal reprised their roles as Bob Belcher, Linda Belcher, Tina Belcher, Gene Belcher and Louise Belcher.", "Bob's Burgers (season 2) __knowledge__ These characters are all a part of the Belcher family, a nuclear family that run a hamburger restaurant, entitled Bob's Burgers.", "Pink slime __knowledge__ \"Pink slime\" (a derogatory term for lean finely textured beef or LFTB, finely textured beef, and boneless lean beef trimmings or BLBT) is a meat by-product used as a food additive to ground beef and beef-based processed meats, as a filler, or to reduce the overall fat content of ground beef.", "Pink slime __knowledge__ In the production process, heat and centrifuges remove fat from the meat in beef trimmings.", "Pink slime __knowledge__ The resulting paste is exposed to ammonia gas or citric acid to kill bacteria.", "Pink slime __knowledge__ In 2001, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) approved the product for limited human consumption.", "Pink slime __knowledge__ LFTB prepared using ammonia gas is banned for human consumption in Canada and the European Union.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ Ground beef, beef mince, minced beef, and minced meat (not to be confused with the mixture of chopped dried fruit, distilled spirits and spices referred to as \"mincemeat\"), is a ground meat made of beef that has been finely chopped with a large knife or a meat grinder.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ It is used in many recipes including hamburgers and spaghetti bolognese.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ In some parts of the world, meat grinders are called mincers.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ In many countries, food laws define specific categories of ground beef and what they can contain.", "Ground beef __knowledge__ For example, in the United States, beef fat may be added to hamburger but not to ground beef if the meat is ground and packaged at a USDA-inspected plant.", "Coney Island hot dog __knowledge__ A Coney Island Hot Dog (or Coney Dog or Coney) is a hot dog in a bun topped with a savory meat sauce and sometimes other toppings.", "Coney Island hot dog __knowledge__ It is often offered as part of a menu of dishes of Greek origin and classic American 'diner' dishes and often at Coney Island restaurants.", "Coney Island hot dog __knowledge__ It is largely a phenomenon related to immigration from Greece and Macedonia to the United States in the early 20th century.", "Coney Island hot dog __knowledge__ \"Virtually all\" Coney Island variations were developed, apparently independently, by Greek or Macedonian immigrants in the early 1900s, many fleeing the Balkan wars, who entered the US through Ellis Island in New York City.", "Heterocyclic amine formation in meat __knowledge__ Heterocyclic amines are a group of chemical compounds, many of which can be formed during cooking.", "Heterocyclic amine formation in meat __knowledge__ They are found in meats that are cooked to the \"well done\" stage, in pan drippings and in meat surfaces that show a brown or black crust.", "Heterocyclic amine formation in meat __knowledge__ Epidemiological studies show associations between intakes of heterocyclic amines and cancers of the colon, rectum, breast, prostate, pancreas, lung, stomach/esophagus and animal feeding experiments support a causal relationship.", "Heterocyclic amine formation in meat __knowledge__ The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service labeled several heterocyclic amines as likely carcinogens in its 13th \"Report on Carcinogens\".", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle.", "Beef __knowledge__ Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is a source of high-quality protein and essential nutrients.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef skeletal muscle meat can be cut into roasts, short ribs or steak (filet mignon, sirloin steak, rump steak, rib steak, rib eye steak, hanger steak, etc.).", "Beef __knowledge__ Some cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky), and trimmings, usually mixed with meat from older, leaner cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages.", "Beef __knowledge__ The blood is used in some varieties of blood sausage.", "Beef __knowledge__ Other parts that are eaten include other muscles and offal, such as the oxtail, liver, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread), the heart, the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE), the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the United States as \"calf fries\", \"prairie oysters\", or \"Rocky Mountain oysters\")." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Burger King premium burgers __knowledge__ As far back as the 1970s, international fast food restaurant chain Burger King has attempted to introduce a premium line of burgers.", "Burger King premium burgers __knowledge__ These sandwiches are part of a system which eventually became known as the barbell strategy; a plan designed to expand Burger King's menu with both more sophisticated, adult-oriented fare along with products that are more value-oriented.", "Burger King premium burgers __knowledge__ This program is intended to bring in a larger, more affluent adult audience who will be willing to spend more on the better quality products on one side while maintaining a lower cost value menu dedicated to a more cost-conscious audience on the other.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Soulmates (Parks and Recreation) __knowledge__ \"Soulmates\" is the tenth episode of the American comedy television series \"Parks and Recreation\"'s third season, and the 40th overall episode of the series.", "Soulmates (Parks and Recreation) __knowledge__ In the episode, Leslie is disappointed when Ben rejects her romantic advances, and is surprised when she is matched with Tom in an online dating service.", "Soulmates (Parks and Recreation) __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Ron and Chris have a cook-off to determine which is better: red or lean meat.", "Soulmates (Parks and Recreation) __knowledge__ The episode was written by Alan Yang and directed by Ken Whittingham.", "Soulmates (Parks and Recreation) __knowledge__ After it aired, NBC launched a website for HoosierMate.com, the fictional online dating site featured in \"Soulmates\".", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ The majority of the locations of international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King are privately owned franchises.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ While the majority of franchisees are smaller operations, several have grown into major corporations in their own right.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ At the end of the company's fiscal year in 2015, Burger King reported it had more than 15,000 outlets in 84 countries; of these, approximately 50% are in the United States and 99.9% are privately owned and operated.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ The company locations employ more than 37,000 people who serve approximately 11.4 million customers daily.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ Since its predecessor's inception in 1953, Burger King has used several variations of franchising to expand its operations.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Veggie burger __knowledge__ A veggie burger is a burger that does not contain meat.", "Veggie burger __knowledge__ The patty of a veggie burger may be made from soy, legumes (beans), tofu, nuts, mushrooms, or grains or seeds, like wheat and flax.", "Veggie burger __knowledge__ The patties that are the essence of a veggie burger have existed in various Eurasian cuisines for millennia, including in the form of disc-shaped grilled or fried meatballs or as koftas, a commonplace item in Indian cuisine.", "Veggie burger __knowledge__ These may contain meats or be made of entirely vegetarian ingredients such as legumes or other plant-derived proteins.", "Veggie burger __knowledge__ While it is not possible, or even necessary, to identify the 'inventor' of the veggie burger, there have been numerous claimants.", "Whopper __knowledge__ The Whopper is the signature sandwich and an associated product line sold by international fast food restaurant chain Burger King and its Australian franchise Hungry Jack's.", "Whopper __knowledge__ Introduced in 1957, the sandwich has undergone several reformulations such as portion resizing and bread changes.", "Whopper __knowledge__ The hamburger version is well known in the fast food industry, with Burger King billing itself as \"the Home of the Whopper\" in its advertising, signage, and in its concept store, the BK Whopper Bar.", "Whopper __knowledge__ Due to its position in the marketplace, the Whopper has prompted Burger King's competitors to try to develop similar products designed to compete against it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "Info-gap decision theory __knowledge__ Info-gap decision theory is a non-probabilistic decision theory that seeks to optimize robustness to failure – or opportuneness for windfall – under severe uncertainty, in particular applying sensitivity analysis of the stability radius type to perturbations in the value of a given estimate of the parameter of interest.", "Info-gap decision theory __knowledge__ It has some connections with Wald's maximin model; some authors distinguish them, others consider them instances of the same principle.", "Info-gap decision theory __knowledge__ It has been developed since the 1980s by Yakov Ben-Haim, and has found many applications and described as a theory for decision-making under \"\"severe\" uncertainty\".", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ The Sex Pistols were an English punk rock band that formed in London in 1975.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ They were responsible for initiating the punk movement in the United Kingdom and inspiring many later punk and alternative rock musicians.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ Although their initial career lasted just two-and-a-half years and produced only four singles and one studio album, \"Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols\", they are regarded as one of the most influential acts in the history of popular music.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ The Sex Pistols originally comprised vocalist Johnny Rotten, guitarist Steve Jones, drummer Paul Cook and bassist Glen Matlock.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ Matlock was replaced by Sid Vicious in early 1977.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ In July 2012, a storyline began in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" in which the character Kat Moon, played by Jessie Wallace, embarks on an affair behind her husband Alfie Moon's (Shane Richie) back, with an unknown person.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The suspects named were Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd), Max Branning (Jake Wood), Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Ray was the first suspect to be eliminated, on 7 August, followed by Michael on 14 September.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The mystery man was revealed as Derek in the 20 December episode.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Richie dubbed the storyline \"Who's Been Sleeping with Kat?", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in \"Dinosaur King\".", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ The English versions of the series use names differing from the Japanese versions; in this article the English names are used.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ The D-Team are the protagonists of the series who are very knowledgeable about dinosaurs.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ They prevent the Alpha Gang from succeeding in their goal by saving the dinosaurs they can find.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ Among its members are: The Alpha Gang are the primary yet inept antagonists of the first series who abduct any dinosaur cards they find using their own dinosaurs as their muscle.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ They conduct experiments on the dinosaur cards they find.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Moonlight Madness (video game) __knowledge__ Moonlight Madness is a video game for the ZX Spectrum home computer, published in 1986 by Bubble Bus Software.", "Moonlight Madness (video game) __knowledge__ It is an arcade adventure game in which players control a boy scout.", "Moonlight Madness (video game) __knowledge__ The object of the game is to unlock a safe within a mansion to obtain pills for the mansion's owner, a mad scientist, who has collapsed.", "Moonlight Madness (video game) __knowledge__ This requires the player to traverse the mansion's rooms while avoiding hazards such as dangerous house servants and fatal falls.", "Moonlight Madness (video game) __knowledge__ The game was developed by John F. Cain, who had previously created \"Booty\", a popular budget game.", "Moonlight Madness (video game) __knowledge__ \"Moonlight Madness\" was criticized for its price on release, £7.95 in the UK, as well its technical issues.", "Hamburg __knowledge__ Hamburg (, ; Low German/Low Saxon: \"Hamborg\" ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (), is the second-largest city of Germany and is generally taken to be commensurate to its state with a population of roughly 1.8 million people.", "Hamburg __knowledge__ The city has a wider associated area.", "Hamburg __knowledge__ The official name reflects Hamburg's history as in turn a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state and becoming one of the 16 states of Germany.", "Hamburg __knowledge__ Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign state.", "Hamburg __knowledge__ Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919 it formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten.", "Fictional characters in the Southern Victory Series __knowledge__ The Southern Victory Series is a series of alternate history novels written by Harry Turtledove.", "Fictional characters in the Southern Victory Series __knowledge__ The point of divergence involves Confederate States of America winning the American Civil War and becoming an independent nation.", "Fictional characters in the Southern Victory Series __knowledge__ The series covers events from 1862 to 1945 and features dozens of fictional characters, some of them analogues of real people.", "Fictional characters in the Southern Victory Series __knowledge__ John Abell is a General Staff officer.", "Fictional characters in the Southern Victory Series __knowledge__ He served on the U.S. Army General Staff from the Great War, when he was a major, to the Second Great War, which he began as a colonel.", "Fictional characters in the Southern Victory Series __knowledge__ Abell disliked many of the tactics and operations proposed by Irving Morrell, but the two men shared a hatred of the Confederacy and a wary respect for each other's abilities.", "The Wave (2008 film) __knowledge__ Die Welle () is a 2008 German sociopolitical thriller film directed by Dennis Gansel and starring Jürgen Vogel, Frederick Lau, Jennifer Ulrich and Max Riemelt in the leads.", "The Wave (2008 film) __knowledge__ It is based on Ron Jones' social experiment The Third Wave and Todd Strasser's novel, \"The Wave\".", "The Wave (2008 film) __knowledge__ The film was produced by Christian Becker for Rat Pack Filmproduktion.", "The Wave (2008 film) __knowledge__ It was successful in German cinemas, and after ten weeks, 2.3 million people had watched it.", "The Wave (2008 film) __knowledge__ A school teacher of history, Rainer Wenger, is forced to teach a class on autocracy, despite being an anarchist.", "The Wave (2008 film) __knowledge__ When his students, third generation after the Second World War, do not believe that a dictatorship could be established in modern Germany, he starts an experiment to demonstrate how easily the masses can be manipulated.", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ Poolside Chats with Neil Hamburger was a live webcast that aired on comedian Tom Green's now defunct internet TV channel.", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ \"Poolside Chats\" used to air live following \"Tom Green's House Tonight\".", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ The star of the show is self-described \"America's Funnyman\", Neil Hamburger.", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ Neil took calls in which he usually traded insults with the callers.", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ He has referred to some of his guests as \"diseased degenerate rock and rollers.\"", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ There was no real schedule for the show; it used to air randomly when there are suitable gaps in Hamburger's touring schedule.", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ The show was also briefly available on an \"On Demand\" section of Tom Green's website." ] ]

[ 2, 5, 6, 9, 10 ]

[ "Me too! I love that they can be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled. I enjoy them all. ", "I think its weird that in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef", "Yep, my boyfriend insists of calling it by it's full name hamburger. I like all the types of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Germany is where the word hamburger comes from. Never thought about it but it does sound german.", "Your welcome. one more fact, Burg means castle, fortified refuge and fortified settlement in german. not even close to our beloved hamburger. lol" ]

[ "Hamburger", "Hamburger", "Hamburger", "Hamburger", "Hamburger" ]

[ "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom\nAre you familiar with My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic?", "I was obsessed when I was little! I still have my collection of the toys.", "You're kidding! She is a genius! : ) My Little Pony has been around for many years.", "Well, good job by her. I wonder if the show is also shown in other countries. I know it has been a huge commercial success here in the US. ", "I'm sure if I have daughters some day, they will love it. It's the perfect show for the ages of about 4 to 7. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ \"\" is an animated television series produced by Hasbro as part of the \"My Little Pony\" toy franchise, which is tied in with the 2010 launch of dolls and play sets, and original programming for U.S. cable channel Discovery Family (formerly Hub Network).", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Lauren Faust was selected as the creative developer and executive producer for the show, based on her previous animation experience with shows like \"The Powerpuff Girls\" and \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Under Hasbro's guidance, Faust developed the show to appeal to the target demographic of young girls and their parents, but created characters and settings that challenged formerly stereotypical norms of \"girly\" images, and added adventure and humorous elements to keep parents interested.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The show received praise from television critics and parental groups.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ It also found an unlikely audience in a large group of adult Internet users in late 2010 and early 2011, forming a subculture.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ These fans, mostly male, were drawn to the show's characters, stories, animation style, and influence of the show's propagation as an Internet meme.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The fandom adopted the name brony (plural bronies), a portmanteau of \"bro\" and \"pony\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Though initially considered to propagate the humorous and ironic concept of people enjoying a show for young girls, the fandom has shown deeper appreciation for the show far beyond this concept, and is considered part of a New Sincerity trend.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic is a children's animated fantasy television series created by Lauren Faust for Hasbro.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors as the fourth generation (\"G4\") of the franchise.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ The series premiered on October 10, 2010, on The Hub cable channel.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ Hasbro selected animator Lauren Faust as the creative director and executive producer for the show.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ Faust sought to challenge the established nature of the existing My Little Pony line, creating more in-depth characters and adventurous settings; she left the series during season 2, to be replaced by Meghan McCarthy as showrunner.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ My Little Pony is an entertainment franchise developed by Hasbro, originally as a toy line for girls.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ The first toys were developed by Bonnie Zacherle, Charles Muenchinger, and Steve D'Aguanno, and were produced in 1981.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ The ponies feature colorful bodies, manes and a unique symbol on one or both sides of their flanks.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ Such symbols are referred to in the two most recent incarnations as \"cutie marks.\"", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ My Little Pony has been revamped several times with new and more modern looks to appeal to a new market.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ Following the original My Pretty Pony toy that was introduced in 1981, My Little Pony was launched in 1982 and the line became popular during the 1980s.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ IDW Publishing, an American comic publisher which has been publishing tie-in comic books to Hasbro properties since 2005, began to publish monthly My Little Pony comics beginning in November 2012.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The comics published so far are based on the characters from the 2010 relaunch of the franchise and its \"\" television series, as well as the anthropomorphic spin-off .", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The flagship title, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, is a monthly comic book series that debuted on November 28, 2012.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The series is typically written in story arcs that span either two or four issues apiece; Katie Cook and Andy Price write and illustrate the first arc, respectively, while Heather Nuhfer and Amy Mebberson perform the same on the second.", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ My Little Pony: Equestria Girls, also known as simply Equestria Girls, is a Canadian-American product line of fashion dolls and media franchise launched in 2013 by Hasbro, as a spin-off of the 2010 of the My Little Pony franchise.", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ \"Equestria Girls\" features anthropomorphized versions of \"My Little Pony\" characters from \"Friendship Is Magic\".", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ It includes various doll lines and media tie-ins (including four films, music albums, a mobile app, three TV specials, , a web series on YouTube, and two one-hour TV specials).", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ The \"Equestria Girls\" fictional universe is established as a parallel counterpart to the main world of the 2010 incarnation of My Little Pony, populated with humanoid versions of the characters from the franchise.", "My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film) __knowledge__ My Little Pony: The Movie is a 2017 animated musical fantasy film based on the television series \"\", which was developed as part of the 2010 re-launch of the \"My Little Pony\" franchise by Hasbro.", "My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Jayson Thiessen and based on a story and screenplay co-written by Meghan McCarthy, both \"Friendship Is Magic\" veterans.", "My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film) __knowledge__ In addition to the series' regular voice cast of Tara Strong, Ashleigh Ball, Andrea Libman, Tabitha St. Germain and Cathy Weseluck, the film also features the voices of Emily Blunt, Kristin Chenoweth, Liev Schreiber, Michael Peña, Sia, Taye Diggs, Uzo Aduba and Zoe Saldana as new characters.", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (film) __knowledge__ My Little Pony: Equestria Girls is a 2013 Canadian–American flash animated fantasy musical film released as a part of Hasbro's , which is itself an anthropomorphized spin-off of the 2010 relaunch of the main My Little Pony franchise.", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (film) __knowledge__ The film was written by Meghan McCarthy and directed by Jayson Thiessen, and was produced by DHX Media's 2D animation studio in Vancouver, Canada for Hasbro Studios in the United States.", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (film) __knowledge__ It premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival on June 15, 2013, followed by limited release in the United States and Canada on June 16, 2013, with a home media release on August 6, 2013." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ \"\" is an animated television series produced by Hasbro as part of the \"My Little Pony\" toy franchise, which is tied in with the 2010 launch of dolls and play sets, and original programming for U.S. cable channel Discovery Family (formerly Hub Network).", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Lauren Faust was selected as the creative developer and executive producer for the show, based on her previous animation experience with shows like \"The Powerpuff Girls\" and \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Under Hasbro's guidance, Faust developed the show to appeal to the target demographic of young girls and their parents, but created characters and settings that challenged formerly stereotypical norms of \"girly\" images, and added adventure and humorous elements to keep parents interested.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The show received praise from television critics and parental groups.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ It also found an unlikely audience in a large group of adult Internet users in late 2010 and early 2011, forming a subculture.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ These fans, mostly male, were drawn to the show's characters, stories, animation style, and influence of the show's propagation as an Internet meme.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The fandom adopted the name brony (plural bronies), a portmanteau of \"bro\" and \"pony\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Though initially considered to propagate the humorous and ironic concept of people enjoying a show for young girls, the fandom has shown deeper appreciation for the show far beyond this concept, and is considered part of a New Sincerity trend.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Dinky Toys __knowledge__ Dinky Toys was the brand name for die-cast Mazak zinc alloy miniature vehicles produced by Meccano Ltd.", "Dinky Toys __knowledge__ They were made in England from 1934 to 1979, at a factory in Binns Road in Liverpool.", "Dinky Toys __knowledge__ Dinky Toys were among the most popular diecast vehicles ever made - predating other popular diecast marques, including Corgi, Matchbox, and Mattel's Hot Wheels (Ralston 2009, 7; Richardson 1999, 128).", "Dinky Toys __knowledge__ Frank Hornby established Meccano Ltd. in 1908 to make metal construction sets.", "Dinky Toys __knowledge__ The company later moved into model railroading with their first O gauge clockwork trains appearing in 1920 (Ellis 2009, p. 15; Wainwright 2013).", "Traditional Mexican handcrafted toys __knowledge__ Traditional Mexican handcrafted toys are those made by artisans rather than manufactured in factories.", "Traditional Mexican handcrafted toys __knowledge__ The history of Mexican toys extends as far back as the Mesoamerican era, but many of the toys date to the colonial period.", "Traditional Mexican handcrafted toys __knowledge__ Many of these were introduced as teaching tools by evangelists, and were associated with certain festivals and holidays.", "Traditional Mexican handcrafted toys __knowledge__ These toys vary widely, including cup and ball, lotería, dolls, miniature people, animals and objects, tops and more—made of many materials, including wood, metal, cloth, corn husks, ceramic, and glass.", "Traditional Mexican handcrafted toys __knowledge__ These toys remained popular throughout Mexico until the mid-20th century, when commercially made, mostly plastic toys became widely available.", "Toy __knowledge__ A toy is an item that is used in play, especially one designed for such use.", "Toy __knowledge__ Playing with toys can be an enjoyable means of training young children for life in society.", "Toy __knowledge__ Different materials like wood, clay, paper, and plastic are used to make toys.", "Toy __knowledge__ Many items are designed to serve as toys, but goods produced for other purposes can also be used.", "Toy __knowledge__ For instance, a small child may fold an ordinary piece of paper into an airplane shape and \"fly it\".", "Toy __knowledge__ Newer forms of toys include interactive digital entertainment.", "Toy __knowledge__ Some toys are produced primarily as collectors' items and are intended for display only.", "Toy __knowledge__ The origin of toys is prehistoric; dolls representing infants, animals, and soldiers, as well as representations of tools used by adults are readily found at archaeological sites.", "Obsessed (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ \"Obsessed\" is a song by American singer Mariah Carey from her twelfth studio album, \"Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel\" (2009).", "Obsessed (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Carey, Terius \"The-Dream\" Nash and Christopher \"Tricky\" Stewart, and was released as the album's lead single on June 16, 2009 by Island Records.", "Obsessed (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ The song draws musical influences from R&B and hip hop music, and is built around a thumping bass line.", "Obsessed (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ Additionally, the song is accentuated by hand claps, while Carey's voice is processed with Auto-Tune.", "Obsessed (Mariah Carey song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song describes Mariah's dilemma regarding constant claims of a prior relationship from rapper Eminem, although he is not specifically mentioned.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic is a children's animated fantasy television series created by Lauren Faust for Hasbro.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors as the fourth generation (\"G4\") of the franchise.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ The series premiered on October 10, 2010, on The Hub cable channel.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ Hasbro selected animator Lauren Faust as the creative director and executive producer for the show.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ Faust sought to challenge the established nature of the existing My Little Pony line, creating more in-depth characters and adventurous settings; she left the series during season 2, to be replaced by Meghan McCarthy as showrunner.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters in the \"Ice Age\" films, mentioned by a name either presented in the films or in any other official material.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ Manfred \"Manny\", is a woolly mammoth, in all five \"Ice Age\" films.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ His personality is shown to be aloof, grumpy, and standoffish, but is otherwise loving and courageous.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ In the first film, while passing through the icy cave, the herd discovers cave paintings of Manny with his wife and child, who were killed by humans; this is a very sentimental moment for Manny, since he failed to protect them.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ At the end of the film, Manny and Sid return Roshan to the neanderthals with an injured Diego trailing behind them.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ My Little Pony is an entertainment franchise developed by Hasbro, originally as a toy line for girls.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ The first toys were developed by Bonnie Zacherle, Charles Muenchinger, and Steve D'Aguanno, and were produced in 1981.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ The ponies feature colorful bodies, manes and a unique symbol on one or both sides of their flanks.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ Such symbols are referred to in the two most recent incarnations as \"cutie marks.\"", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ My Little Pony has been revamped several times with new and more modern looks to appeal to a new market.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ Following the original My Pretty Pony toy that was introduced in 1981, My Little Pony was launched in 1982 and the line became popular during the 1980s.", "My Little Pony (2010 toyline) __knowledge__ In 2010, American toy company Hasbro relaunched its My Little Pony toyline and media franchise originally created in the 1980s, with the animated television series \"\" as a flagship non-toy media.", "My Little Pony (2010 toyline) __knowledge__ This generation is not given any name by Hasbro, but some of later releases of toys are labeled with the subtitle \"Friendship Is Magic\".", "My Little Pony (2010 toyline) __knowledge__ It is unofficially referred to the \"Fourth Generation\", \"Generation Four\" or \"G4\" by collectors.", "My Little Pony (2010 toyline) __knowledge__ It takes place in the fictional location named Equestria, a society inhabited by three kinds of ponies (earth ponies, unicorns and pegasi) and other species, with winged unicorns – named \"alicorns\" in later releases despite the word's origin – having royal status.", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ My Little Pony: Equestria Girls, also known as simply Equestria Girls, is a Canadian-American product line of fashion dolls and media franchise launched in 2013 by Hasbro, as a spin-off of the 2010 of the My Little Pony franchise.", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ \"Equestria Girls\" features anthropomorphized versions of \"My Little Pony\" characters from \"Friendship Is Magic\".", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ It includes various doll lines and media tie-ins (including four films, music albums, a mobile app, three TV specials, , a web series on YouTube, and two one-hour TV specials).", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ The \"Equestria Girls\" fictional universe is established as a parallel counterpart to the main world of the 2010 incarnation of My Little Pony, populated with humanoid versions of the characters from the franchise.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ IDW Publishing, an American comic publisher which has been publishing tie-in comic books to Hasbro properties since 2005, began to publish monthly My Little Pony comics beginning in November 2012.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The comics published so far are based on the characters from the 2010 relaunch of the franchise and its \"\" television series, as well as the anthropomorphic spin-off .", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The flagship title, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, is a monthly comic book series that debuted on November 28, 2012.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The series is typically written in story arcs that span either two or four issues apiece; Katie Cook and Andy Price write and illustrate the first arc, respectively, while Heather Nuhfer and Amy Mebberson perform the same on the second.", "Discovery Family __knowledge__ Discovery Family is an American digital cable and satellite television channel owned by Discovery Communications and Hasbro, marketed as a family-friendly network with a mix of original and acquired children's programs, such as Hasbro's \"\", \"Littlest Pet Shop\" and \"Transformers\" themed shows, along with family-oriented science and nature-themed programs.", "Discovery Family __knowledge__ The network was launched on October 7, 1996, as Discovery Kids, a spin-off of Discovery Channel that featured science, nature, and adventure-themed programs aimed towards children aged between 6 and 11.", "Discovery Family __knowledge__ In April 2009, Hasbro announced a joint venture with Discovery to re-launch Discovery Kids as The Hub (later the Hub Network) on October 10, 2010; Hasbro handled programming, while Discovery handled distribution and advertising sales." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ \"\" is an animated television series produced by Hasbro as part of the \"My Little Pony\" toy franchise, which is tied in with the 2010 launch of dolls and play sets, and original programming for U.S. cable channel Discovery Family (formerly Hub Network).", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Lauren Faust was selected as the creative developer and executive producer for the show, based on her previous animation experience with shows like \"The Powerpuff Girls\" and \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Under Hasbro's guidance, Faust developed the show to appeal to the target demographic of young girls and their parents, but created characters and settings that challenged formerly stereotypical norms of \"girly\" images, and added adventure and humorous elements to keep parents interested.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The show received praise from television critics and parental groups.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ It also found an unlikely audience in a large group of adult Internet users in late 2010 and early 2011, forming a subculture.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ These fans, mostly male, were drawn to the show's characters, stories, animation style, and influence of the show's propagation as an Internet meme.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The fandom adopted the name brony (plural bronies), a portmanteau of \"bro\" and \"pony\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Though initially considered to propagate the humorous and ironic concept of people enjoying a show for young girls, the fandom has shown deeper appreciation for the show far beyond this concept, and is considered part of a New Sincerity trend.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ My Little Pony is an entertainment franchise developed by Hasbro, originally as a toy line for girls.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ The first toys were developed by Bonnie Zacherle, Charles Muenchinger, and Steve D'Aguanno, and were produced in 1981.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ The ponies feature colorful bodies, manes and a unique symbol on one or both sides of their flanks.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ Such symbols are referred to in the two most recent incarnations as \"cutie marks.\"", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ My Little Pony has been revamped several times with new and more modern looks to appeal to a new market.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ Following the original My Pretty Pony toy that was introduced in 1981, My Little Pony was launched in 1982 and the line became popular during the 1980s.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic is a children's animated fantasy television series created by Lauren Faust for Hasbro.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors as the fourth generation (\"G4\") of the franchise.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ The series premiered on October 10, 2010, on The Hub cable channel.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ Hasbro selected animator Lauren Faust as the creative director and executive producer for the show.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ Faust sought to challenge the established nature of the existing My Little Pony line, creating more in-depth characters and adventurous settings; she left the series during season 2, to be replaced by Meghan McCarthy as showrunner.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ IDW Publishing, an American comic publisher which has been publishing tie-in comic books to Hasbro properties since 2005, began to publish monthly My Little Pony comics beginning in November 2012.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The comics published so far are based on the characters from the 2010 relaunch of the franchise and its \"\" television series, as well as the anthropomorphic spin-off .", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The flagship title, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, is a monthly comic book series that debuted on November 28, 2012.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The series is typically written in story arcs that span either two or four issues apiece; Katie Cook and Andy Price write and illustrate the first arc, respectively, while Heather Nuhfer and Amy Mebberson perform the same on the second.", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ My Little Pony: Equestria Girls, also known as simply Equestria Girls, is a Canadian-American product line of fashion dolls and media franchise launched in 2013 by Hasbro, as a spin-off of the 2010 of the My Little Pony franchise.", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ \"Equestria Girls\" features anthropomorphized versions of \"My Little Pony\" characters from \"Friendship Is Magic\".", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ It includes various doll lines and media tie-ins (including four films, music albums, a mobile app, three TV specials, , a web series on YouTube, and two one-hour TV specials).", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ The \"Equestria Girls\" fictional universe is established as a parallel counterpart to the main world of the 2010 incarnation of My Little Pony, populated with humanoid versions of the characters from the franchise.", "My Little Pony (1982 toyline) __knowledge__ The first incarnation of American toy company Hasbro's My Little Pony toyline began in 1982 as a successor of My Pretty Pony toys.", "My Little Pony (1982 toyline) __knowledge__ It went on to expand into a media franchise, beginning with the airing of a 22-minute syndicated animated television special in 1984 in the United States.", "My Little Pony (1982 toyline) __knowledge__ This incarnation is unofficially known among collectors as \"Generation One\" or \"G1\".", "My Little Pony (1982 toyline) __knowledge__ After the relative lack of success of the My Pretty Pony toy line, Hasbro introduced six smaller and colorful versions of the toy in 1982, sold under the title \"My Little Pony\".", "My Little Pony (1982 toyline) __knowledge__ The toy line lead to many more merchandise under the \"My Little Pony\" brand.", "My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film) __knowledge__ My Little Pony: The Movie is a 2017 animated musical fantasy film based on the television series \"\", which was developed as part of the 2010 re-launch of the \"My Little Pony\" franchise by Hasbro.", "My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Jayson Thiessen and based on a story and screenplay co-written by Meghan McCarthy, both \"Friendship Is Magic\" veterans.", "My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film) __knowledge__ In addition to the series' regular voice cast of Tara Strong, Ashleigh Ball, Andrea Libman, Tabitha St. Germain and Cathy Weseluck, the film also features the voices of Emily Blunt, Kristin Chenoweth, Liev Schreiber, Michael Peña, Sia, Taye Diggs, Uzo Aduba and Zoe Saldana as new characters.", "The Powerpuff Girls __knowledge__ The Powerpuff Girls is an American superhero animated television series created by animator Craig McCracken for Cartoon Network.", "The Powerpuff Girls __knowledge__ The show centers on Blossom, Bubbles, and Buttercup, three sisters with superpowers, as well as their father, the brainy scientist Professor Utonium, who all live in the city of Townsville.", "The Powerpuff Girls __knowledge__ The girls are frequently called upon by the town's naïve mayor to help fight nearby criminals using their powers.", "The Powerpuff Girls __knowledge__ McCracken originally developed the show in 1992 as a cartoon short entitled \"Whoopass Stew!\"", "The Powerpuff Girls __knowledge__ while in his second year at CalArts.", "The Powerpuff Girls __knowledge__ Following a name change, Cartoon Network featured the first \"Powerpuff Girls\" pilots in its animation showcase program \"What a Cartoon!\"", "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends __knowledge__ Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends is an American animated television series created by Craig McCracken for Cartoon Network Studios.", "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends __knowledge__ The series, set in a world in which imaginary friends coexist with humans, centers on an eight-year-old boy, Mac, who is pressured by his mother to abandon his imaginary friend, Bloo.", "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends __knowledge__ After Mac discovers an orphanage dedicated to housing abandoned imaginary friends, Bloo moves into the home and is kept from adoption so long as Mac visits him daily.", "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends __knowledge__ The episodes revolve around Mac and Bloo as they interact with other imaginary friends and house staff and live out their day-to-day adventures, often getting caught up in various predicaments.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls characters __knowledge__ This is a \"list of characters\" who appeared on the American animated television series The Powerpuff Girls, which aired on Cartoon Network.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls characters __knowledge__ Blossom (voiced by Jennifer Fried in Whoopass Stew pilot, and Cathy Cavadini) is \"the smart girl\" and self-proclaimed leader of the Powerpuff Girls.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls characters __knowledge__ Her personality is \"everything nice\", her signature color is pink, and she has long red hair with a red bow on the top of her head and a heart-shaped hairclip that can be seen from behind.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls characters __knowledge__ She is often seen as the most level-headed, and composed member of the group and also strong and determined.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls characters __knowledge__ She can also be fussy, overbearing, vain, and overly analytical at times.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by The Cartoon Network, Inc., a subsidiary of Turner Broadcasting System, itself being a subsidiary of Time Warner.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ It was founded by Betty Cohen and launched on October 1, 1992.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ The channel primarily broadcasts children's shows, mostly animated programming, ranging from action to animated comedy.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ It is primarily aimed at children and young teenagers between the ages of 7 to 15, and targets older teens and adults with mature content during its late night daypart Adult Swim, which is treated as a separate entity for promotional purposes and as a separate channel by Nielsen for ratings purposes.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the major and minor characters featured in and/or created specifically for Cartoon Network animated reboot of \"The Powerpuff Girls\".", "List of The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Blossom is the leader of the Team.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Her appearance is similar to her original counterpart, with the exception of her ribbon, which is more rounded.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series) characters __knowledge__ She loves organization and hates when things are messy and out of order.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series) characters __knowledge__ She has a perfect attendance record and is an overachiever.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series) characters __knowledge__ She can be stubborn at times, but still comes through.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series) characters __knowledge__ She also has ice breath like her 1998 counterpart.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Her trail is bright pink with little squares.", "List of The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Her unique abilities are: Ice breath, genius-level intelligence, microscopic vision, natural leadership skills, and intuitive aptitude.", "Ed, Edd n Eddy __knowledge__ Ed, Edd n Eddy is a Canadian-American animated comedy television series created by Danny Antonucci for Cartoon Network, and the sixth of the network's Cartoon Cartoons.", "Ed, Edd n Eddy __knowledge__ The series revolves around three preteen boys named Ed, Edd (called \"Double D\"), and Eddy—collectively known as \"the Eds\"—who live in a suburban cul-de-sac in the fictional town of Peach Creek.", "Ed, Edd n Eddy __knowledge__ Under the unofficial leadership of Eddy, the trio frequently invent schemes to make money from their peers to purchase their favorite confectionery, jawbreakers.", "Ed, Edd n Eddy __knowledge__ Their plans usually fail, leaving them in various, often humiliating, predicaments.", "Lauren Faust __knowledge__ Lauren Johanna Faust (born July 25, 1974) is an American animator, screenwriter, director, and producer, best known for developing Hasbro's animated television series \"\", as well as working frequently with her husband Craig McCracken.", "Lauren Faust __knowledge__ Faust has also worked as an animator on television series such as \"The Powerpuff Girls\" and \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\".", "Lauren Faust __knowledge__ She has worked with Cartoon Network Studios, Warner Bros., Hasbro, and Disney.", "Lauren Faust __knowledge__ Faust attended the California Institute of Arts from 1992 to 1994, working as a layout artist at Rough Draft Studios.", "Lauren Faust __knowledge__ She then worked as an animator at Turner Feature Animation for two years and then as an animator for Warner Bros." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ \"\" is an animated television series produced by Hasbro as part of the \"My Little Pony\" toy franchise, which is tied in with the 2010 launch of dolls and play sets, and original programming for U.S. cable channel Discovery Family (formerly Hub Network).", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Lauren Faust was selected as the creative developer and executive producer for the show, based on her previous animation experience with shows like \"The Powerpuff Girls\" and \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Under Hasbro's guidance, Faust developed the show to appeal to the target demographic of young girls and their parents, but created characters and settings that challenged formerly stereotypical norms of \"girly\" images, and added adventure and humorous elements to keep parents interested.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The show received praise from television critics and parental groups.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ It also found an unlikely audience in a large group of adult Internet users in late 2010 and early 2011, forming a subculture.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ These fans, mostly male, were drawn to the show's characters, stories, animation style, and influence of the show's propagation as an Internet meme.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The fandom adopted the name brony (plural bronies), a portmanteau of \"bro\" and \"pony\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Though initially considered to propagate the humorous and ironic concept of people enjoying a show for young girls, the fandom has shown deeper appreciation for the show far beyond this concept, and is considered part of a New Sincerity trend.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ María Cristina De Giacomi (born 23 August 1956), professionally known as Cris Morena, is an Argentine Award-winning television producer, actress, television presenter, composer, musician, songwriter, writer, former fashion model and CEO of Cris Morena Group.", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ She is one of the most successful producers in the country and is the creator of Argentina's most successful youth-oriented shows such as \"Jugate Conmigo\", \"Chiquititas\", \"Rebelde Way\", \"Floricienta\", \"Alma Pirata\", and \"Casi Ángeles\".", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ Until 2001, she worked directly for Telefe but, since \"Rebelde Way\", in 2002, she works independently and has her own production company Cris Morena Group.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ \"Arrested Development\" is an American television sitcom that originally aired on the Fox network from November 2, 2003 to February 10, 2006.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26, 2013.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ Created by Mitchell Hurwitz, the show centers on the Bluth family, a formerly wealthy, habitually dysfunctional family, and is presented in a continuous format, incorporating hand-held camera work, narration, archival photos, and historical footage.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ The series stars Jason Bateman, Portia de Rossi, Will Arnett, Michael Cera, Alia Shawkat, Tony Hale, David Cross, Jeffrey Tambor, and Jessica Walter.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "We Are the World __knowledge__ \"We Are the World\" is a song and charity single originally recorded by the supergroup United Support of Artists (USA) for Africa in 1985.", "We Are the World __knowledge__ It was written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie (with arrangements by Michael Omartian) and produced by Quincy Jones for the album \"We Are the World\".", "We Are the World __knowledge__ With sales in excess of 20 million copies, it is one of the fewer than 30 all-time physical singles to have sold at least 10 million copies worldwide.", "We Are the World __knowledge__ Following Band Aid's 1984 \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\"", "We Are the World __knowledge__ project in the United Kingdom, an idea for the creation of an American benefit single for African famine relief came from activist Harry Belafonte, who, along with fundraiser Ken Kragen, was instrumental in bringing the vision to reality.", "Bee Gees __knowledge__ The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958.", "Bee Gees __knowledge__ Their lineup consisted of brothers Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb.", "Bee Gees __knowledge__ The trio were successful for most of their decades of recording music, but they had two distinct periods of exceptional success: as a popular music act in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and as prominent performers of the disco music era in the mid-to-late 1970s.", "Bee Gees __knowledge__ The group sang recognisable three-part tight harmonies; Robin's clear vibrato lead vocals were a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry's R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the mid-to-late 1970s and 1980s.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic is a children's animated fantasy television series created by Lauren Faust for Hasbro.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors as the fourth generation (\"G4\") of the franchise.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ The series premiered on October 10, 2010, on The Hub cable channel.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ Hasbro selected animator Lauren Faust as the creative director and executive producer for the show.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ Faust sought to challenge the established nature of the existing My Little Pony line, creating more in-depth characters and adventurous settings; she left the series during season 2, to be replaced by Meghan McCarthy as showrunner.", "Bronies: The Extremely Unexpected Adult Fans of My Little Pony __knowledge__ Bronies: The Extremely Unexpected Adult Fans of My Little Pony (formerly titled BronyCon: The Documentary) is a 2012 documentary film centering on , the adult fans of the 2010 animated television series, \"\".", "Bronies: The Extremely Unexpected Adult Fans of My Little Pony __knowledge__ The film, funded through crowd-sourcing via Kickstarter, was originally envisioned to follow voice actor and executive producer John de Lancie to the 2012 Summer BronyCon in New Jersey.", "Bronies: The Extremely Unexpected Adult Fans of My Little Pony __knowledge__ The project raised much more than anticipated, allowing it to grow in scope to bring on Lauren Faust, \"Friendship Is Magic\" original creator, and Tara Strong, a principal voice actress on the show, as executive producers and to include additional convention footage from European conventions.", "Discovery Family __knowledge__ Discovery Family is an American digital cable and satellite television channel owned by Discovery Communications and Hasbro, marketed as a family-friendly network with a mix of original and acquired children's programs, such as Hasbro's \"\", \"Littlest Pet Shop\" and \"Transformers\" themed shows, along with family-oriented science and nature-themed programs.", "Discovery Family __knowledge__ The network was launched on October 7, 1996, as Discovery Kids, a spin-off of Discovery Channel that featured science, nature, and adventure-themed programs aimed towards children aged between 6 and 11.", "Discovery Family __knowledge__ In April 2009, Hasbro announced a joint venture with Discovery to re-launch Discovery Kids as The Hub (later the Hub Network) on October 10, 2010; Hasbro handled programming, while Discovery handled distribution and advertising sales.", "List of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic characters __knowledge__ \"\" is an animated television series based on the My Little Pony toyline, created by American toy and game manufacturer Hasbro.", "List of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic characters __knowledge__ It features characters and settings developed by Lauren Faust, who sought to create more in-depth characters than the stereotypical \"girly\" icons used in previous iterations of the franchise.", "List of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic characters __knowledge__ The series began airing on October 10, 2010 in the United States on the Hub Network cable channel, which was re-branded as Discovery Family in October 2014.", "List of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic characters __knowledge__ The show follows a studious unicorn pony named Twilight Sparkle as her mentor Princess Celestia guides her to learn about friendship in the town of Ponyville.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ IDW Publishing, an American comic publisher which has been publishing tie-in comic books to Hasbro properties since 2005, began to publish monthly My Little Pony comics beginning in November 2012.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The comics published so far are based on the characters from the 2010 relaunch of the franchise and its \"\" television series, as well as the anthropomorphic spin-off .", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The flagship title, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, is a monthly comic book series that debuted on November 28, 2012.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The series is typically written in story arcs that span either two or four issues apiece; Katie Cook and Andy Price write and illustrate the first arc, respectively, while Heather Nuhfer and Amy Mebberson perform the same on the second.", "Them's Fightin' Herds __knowledge__ Them's Fightin' Herds is an upcoming fighting game developed and self-published by Mane6, featuring all-female cartoon ungulates fighting each other to find a champion worthy of gaining a magical key that will protect their world from predators.", "Them's Fightin' Herds __knowledge__ The game was initially developed under the title of Fighting Is Magic, as an unofficial fan project starring the characters of the television series \"\".", "Them's Fightin' Herds __knowledge__ After receiving a cease and desist letter from Hasbro for infringing their intellectual property rights, the development team discarded the original premise, game engine, and art assets, and began development on \"Them's Fightin' Herds\" as an original work with new characters." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ \"\" is an animated television series produced by Hasbro as part of the \"My Little Pony\" toy franchise, which is tied in with the 2010 launch of dolls and play sets, and original programming for U.S. cable channel Discovery Family (formerly Hub Network).", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Lauren Faust was selected as the creative developer and executive producer for the show, based on her previous animation experience with shows like \"The Powerpuff Girls\" and \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Under Hasbro's guidance, Faust developed the show to appeal to the target demographic of young girls and their parents, but created characters and settings that challenged formerly stereotypical norms of \"girly\" images, and added adventure and humorous elements to keep parents interested.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The show received praise from television critics and parental groups.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ It also found an unlikely audience in a large group of adult Internet users in late 2010 and early 2011, forming a subculture.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ These fans, mostly male, were drawn to the show's characters, stories, animation style, and influence of the show's propagation as an Internet meme.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The fandom adopted the name brony (plural bronies), a portmanteau of \"bro\" and \"pony\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Though initially considered to propagate the humorous and ironic concept of people enjoying a show for young girls, the fandom has shown deeper appreciation for the show far beyond this concept, and is considered part of a New Sincerity trend.", "The Dude Perfect Show __knowledge__ The Dude Perfect Show is an American reality and comedy television series that premiered on CMT on April 14, 2016, and moved to Nickelodeon on July 16, 2017.", "The Dude Perfect Show __knowledge__ The series stars Coby Cotton, Cory Cotton, Garrett Hilbert, Cody Jones, and Tyler Toney.", "The Dude Perfect Show __knowledge__ On September 3, 2015, CMT announced that then working title \"The Dude Perfect Show\" was green-lit to series.", "The Dude Perfect Show __knowledge__ On March 3, 2016, CMT announced that the series would premiere on April 14, 2016.", "The Dude Perfect Show __knowledge__ On February 1, 2017, Nickelodeon announced that it had picked up the series for a 20-episode second season.", "The Dude Perfect Show __knowledge__ On June 21, 2017, Nickelodeon announced that the series would premiere on July 22, 2017.", "Dude Perfect __knowledge__ Dude Perfect is an American sports entertainment group on YouTube which consists of twins Coby and Cory Cotton, Garrett Hilbert, Cody Jones, and Tyler Toney, who are all former high school basketball players and college roommates at Texas A&M University.", "Dude Perfect __knowledge__ They have broken several Guinness World Records and have over 4.5 billion total views and 26 million subscribers , making them the 13th most subscribed channel and the most subscribed sports channel on YouTube.", "Dude Perfect __knowledge__ Their channel consists of trick shot videos, battles (where they compete in various competitions), a series called Stereotypes, and their new series called Overtime, along with occasional videos that do not belong in any of these categories.", "Matt Johnson (artist) __knowledge__ Matt Johnson (born 1978) is an artist based in Los Angeles, Johnson was born in New York City.", "Matt Johnson (artist) __knowledge__ He is a sculptor who creates humorous works out of everyday materials.", "Matt Johnson (artist) __knowledge__ His art has been compared to that of Tom Friedman and Charles Ray for its innovative manipulation of objects.", "Matt Johnson (artist) __knowledge__ His first solo show was in New York City in 2004, less than a year after receiving his Masters of Fine Arts degree from University of California, Los Angeles.", "Matt Johnson (artist) __knowledge__ He is currently represented by with Blum & Poe and 303 Gallery.", "Matt Johnson (artist) __knowledge__ 2017 \"Wood Sculpture, \"303 Gallery, New York, NY 2015 \"Matt Johnson: Lautner Beams, \"Pacific Design Center, West Hollywood, CA 2014 Blum & Poe, Los Angeles, CA 2013 Alison Jacques Gallery, London, UK 2012 303 Gallery, New York, NY 2011 Blum & Poe, Los Angeles, CA 2010 Alison Jacques Gallery, London, UK 2009 \"Matt Johnson: Super System\", Taxter & Spengemann, New York, NY 2006 Blum & Poe, Los Angeles, CA 2005 Taxter & Spengemann, New York, NY 2004 Taxter & Spengemann, New York, NY 2017 \"alt-facts\", Postmasters Gallery, New York, NY \"Jump Ball\", Dio Haria, Mykonos, Greece \"99 Cents or Less\", Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit, Detroit, MI \"Concrete Island\", Venus Over Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 2016 \"Phoenix Rising: The Valley Collects\", Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, AZ \"6’s and 7’s, Outdoor Sculpture at Marlborough Gallery Breezeway\", New York, NY \"Wanderlust\", The Highline, New York, NY 2015 \"love or the lack of it\", curated by Friedrich Kunath, Travesia Cuatro, Madrid, Spain \"Small Sculpture\", Shane Campbell Gallery, Chicago, IL 2014 Frieze Sculpture Park, London, UK \"Broadway Morey Boogie\", Broadway Malls, New York, NY, presented by Marlborough Chelsea, New York, NY 2013 \"The Perfect Show\", 303 Gallery, New York, NY \"Eagles\", Marlborough Gallery, Madrid, Spain \"Funny, \"FLAG Art Foundation, New York, NY \"Lifelike\", Walker Museum of Art, Minneapolis, MN; traveling to New Orleans Museum of Art, LA; Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego, CA; Blanton Museum of Art, University of Texas at Austin, TX \"Blind Cut\", Marlborough Chelsea, New York, NY \"Object Fictions\", James Cohan Gallery, New York, NY 2012 \"Levitating Woman, 2012\", Ekebergparken Sculpture Park, Oslo 303 Gallery, New York, NY \"The Perfect Show\", 303 Gallery, New York, NY \"Eagles\", Marlborough Gallery, Madrid, Spain \"Lifelike\", Walker Museum of Art, Minneapolis, MN; traveling to New Orleans Museum of Art, LA \"Blind Cut\", Marlborough Chelsea, New York, NY \"Object Fictions\", James Cohan Gallery, New York, NY 2011 \"Burning, Bright: A Short History of the Light Bulb\", Pace Gallery, New York, NY \"Greater LA\", 2nd Floor of 483 Broadway, New York, NY 2010 \"11th Triennale fur Kleinplastik\", Fellbach, Germany (exh.", "Perfection __knowledge__ Perfection is, broadly, a state of completeness and flawlessness.", "Perfection __knowledge__ The term \"perfection\" is used to designate a range of diverse, if often kindred, concepts.", "Perfection __knowledge__ These concepts have historically been addressed in a number of discrete disciplines, notably mathematics, physics, chemistry, ethics, aesthetics, ontology, and theology.", "Perfection __knowledge__ The form of the word long fluctuated in various languages.", "Perfection __knowledge__ The English language had the alternates, \"perfection\" and the Biblical \"perfectness.\"", "Perfection __knowledge__ The word \"perfection\" derives from the Latin \"\"perfectio\"\", and \"perfect\" — from \"\"perfectus\".\"", "Perfection __knowledge__ These expressions in turn come from \"\"perficio\"\" — \"to finish\", \"to bring to an end.\"", "Mythology of Carnivàle __knowledge__ \"Carnivàle\" is an American television series set in the United States during the Great Depression.", "Mythology of Carnivàle __knowledge__ The series traces the disparate storylines of a young carnival worker named Ben Hawkins and Brother Justin Crowe, a preacher in California.", "Mythology of Carnivàle __knowledge__ The overarching story is built around a good and evil theme, which serves as a human-scaled metaphor within a complex structure of myth and allegory.", "Mythology of Carnivàle __knowledge__ Samson, the carnival's dwarf manager, sets up the show's mythology with a prologue in the pilot episode, talking of \"a creature of light and a creature of darkness\" being born \"to each generation\" preparing for a final battle.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of The Dude Perfect Show episodes __knowledge__ \"The Dude Perfect Show\" is an American reality and comedy television series that premiered on CMT on April 14, 2016, and moved to Nickelodeon on July 16, 2017.", "List of The Dude Perfect Show episodes __knowledge__ The series stars Coby Cotton, Cory Cotton, Garrett Hilbert, Cody Jones, and Tyler Toney.", "List of The Dude Perfect Show episodes __knowledge__ ", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Social media marketing is the use of social media platforms and websites to promote a product or service.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Although the terms e-marketing and digital marketing are still dominant in academia, social media marketing is becoming more popular for both practitioners and researchers.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Most social media platforms have built-in data analytics tools, which enable companies to track the progress, success, and engagement of ad campaigns.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Companies address a range of stakeholders through social media marketing, including current and potential customers, current and potential employees, journalists, bloggers, and the general public.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Twitter () is an online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages, known as \"tweets.\"", "Twitter __knowledge__ These messages were originally restricted to 140 characters, but on November 7, 2017, the limit was doubled to 280 characters for all languages except Japanese, Korean and Chinese.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Registered users can post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Users access Twitter through its website interface, Short Message Service (SMS) or mobile device application software (\"app\").", "Twitter __knowledge__ Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California, United States, and has more than 25 offices around the world.", "Alexa Ray Joel __knowledge__ Alexa Ray Joel (born December 29, 1985) is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist.", "Alexa Ray Joel __knowledge__ Her parents are singer-songwriter Billy Joel and model Christie Brinkley.", "Alexa Ray Joel __knowledge__ Joel released an EP \"Sketches\" (2006) and several singles on independent record labels.", "Alexa Ray Joel __knowledge__ She has performed at numerous charity events and New York City fashion events, and in 2010 was chosen to be the spokesmodel for Prell shampoo.", "Alexa Ray Joel __knowledge__ Joel was born in Manhattan, New York, the daughter of singer Billy Joel and his second wife, model Christie Brinkley.", "Alexa Ray Joel __knowledge__ Her middle name \"Ray\" is in honor of musician Ray Charles.", "Alexa Ray Joel __knowledge__ She has a half-brother Jack Paris Brinkley Cook (né Taubman, born June 2, 1995) and a half-sister Sailor Lee Brinkley Cook (born July 1, 1998), both children of her mother Christie Brinkley.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The 2010 \"Tonight Show\" conflict was a media and public relations conflict involving American television network NBC and two of its then-late-night talk show hosts, Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ Leno, the host of long-running franchise \"The Tonight Show\" since 1992, and O'Brien, host of \"Late Night\" since 1993, were strong ratings leaders for the network for much of the decade.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ When O'Brien's contract neared its end and he was courted by other networks in 2001, NBC extended his contract and essentially guaranteed him he would be the fifth host of \"The Tonight Show\".", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The network neglected to let Leno know this until his contract extension in 2004, when they informed him he would remain host for five more years and then transition the show to O'Brien in 2009.", "American Idol __knowledge__ American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by FremantleMedia North America.", "American Idol __knowledge__ It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, and ended its first run on April 7, 2016.", "American Idol __knowledge__ On March 11, 2018, the show will make its debut on ABC.", "American Idol __knowledge__ It started off as an addition to the \"Idols\" format based on the British series \"Pop Idol\", and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television.", "American Idol __knowledge__ The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents, with the winner determined by the viewers in America through telephones, Internet, and SMS text voting." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 ]

[ "yes, it is an animated television series produced by Hasbro as part of the \"My Little Pony\" toy franchise", "The producer of the show also produced The Powerpuff Girls\" and \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\". She definitely knows what kids love :)", " Lauren Faust wanted to knock off old ways and she developed the show to appeal to the target demographic of young girls and their parents,", "Of course, especially with the internet. in 2010 & 2011, the show grew an amazing huge group of followers online", "It would surprise you to know that the followers were mostly male" ]

[ "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom" ]

[ "Dog\nhello, do you like dogs", "oh interesting. i know the centuries of breeding domestic dogs has really changed the species", "yep, but unfortunately it has resulted in some health issues", "that is interesting. they really are great animals", "absolutely, do you have any of your own?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "Diogenes __knowledge__ Diogenes (; , \"Diogenēs\" ), also known as Diogenes the Cynic (, \"Diogenēs ho Kunikos\"), was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy.", "Diogenes __knowledge__ He was born in Sinope, an Ionian colony on the Black Sea, in 412 or 404 B.C.", "Diogenes __knowledge__ and died at Corinth in 323 B.C.", "Diogenes __knowledge__ Diogenes was a controversial figure.", "Diogenes __knowledge__ His father minted coins for a living, and Diogenes was banished from Sinope when he took to debasement of currency.", "Diogenes __knowledge__ After being exiled, he moved to Athens and criticized many cultural conventions of the city.", "Diogenes __knowledge__ He modelled himself on the example of Heracles, and believed that virtue was better revealed in action than in theory.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The syntax of JavaScript is the set of rules that define a correctly structured JavaScript program.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The examples below make use of the log function of the console object present in most browsers for standard text output.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The JavaScript standard library lacks an official standard text output function.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ Given that JavaScript is mainly used for client-side scripting within modern Web browsers, and that almost all Web browsers provide the alert function, alert can also be used, but is not commonly used.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ Brendan Eich summarized the ancestry of the syntax in the first paragraph of the JavaScript 1.1 specification as follows: JavaScript is case sensitive.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The dachshund ( or or ) is a short-legged, long-bodied, hound-type dog breed.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The standard size dachshund was developed to scent, chase, and flush out badgers and other burrow-dwelling animals, while the miniature dachshund was bred to hunt smaller prey such as rabbits.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ In the United States, they have also been used to track wounded deer and hunt prairie dogs.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ Dachshunds also participate in conformation shows, field trials and many other events organized through pure-bred dog organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC).", "Dachshund __knowledge__ According to the AKC, the dachshund is ranked in 13th place in popularity amongst dog breeds in the United States.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ A dog bite is a bite inflicted upon a person, a group of persons or another animal by a dog.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ One or more successive bites is often considered a dog attack.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ The majority of dog bites do not result in injury, disfigurement, infection or permanent disability.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ Another type of dog bite is the 'soft bite' displayed by well-trained dogs, puppies and in non-aggressive play.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ Situations in which dog bites occur include dog fighting, mistreatment, trained dogs acting as guard or military animals, provoked or unprovoked.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ There is considerable debate on whether or not certain breeds of dogs are inherently more prone to commit attacks causing serious injury (i.e., so driven by instinct and breeding that, under certain circumstances, they are exceedingly likely to attempt or commit dangerous attacks)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ A dingo–dog hybrid is a cross between a dingo and a domestic dog.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ The current population of free ranging domestic dogs in Australia is now probably higher than in the past.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ However, the proportion of the so-called \"pure\" dingoes (dogs with exclusively dingo-ancestry) has been in the decrease over the last few decades due to hybridisation and is regarded as further decreasing.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ Because of this ongoing interbreeding of dingoes and other domestic dogs and the resulting hybrids, there is a much wider range of colours and body shapes today among the Australian wild dog population than in the time before the human introduction of domestic dogs.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ The New Guinea singing dog or New Guinea Highland dog (\"Canis lupus dingo\") is a type of dog native to the New Guinea Highlands of the island of New Guinea.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ The dog is noted for its unique vocalization.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ Some experts have referred to it as a wild dog, but others disagree.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ Little is known about New Guinea singing dogs in the wild and there are only two photographs of wild sightings: one taken in 1989 and published by Australian mammalogist Tim Flannery, and the other taken in August 2012 by wilderness adventure guide, Tom Hewett in the Star Mountains region of West Papua.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ In 2016, the New Guinea Highland Wild Dog Foundation announced to the media that it and the University of Papua had located and photographed a group of fifteen \"highland wild dogs\".", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ The taxon dingo refers to the native dog found in Australia but may at times also refer to some similar dogs native to peninsular and island southeast Asia and neighboring regions, such as the New Guinea singing dog.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ The genetic evidence indicates that the \"dingo\" clade originated from East Asian domestic dogs and was introduced through the Southeast Asian archipelago into Australia, with a common ancestry between the Australian dingo and the New Guinea singing dog.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in his \"Systema Naturae\" the taxonomic classification of species.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ \"Canis\" is a Latin word meaning dog, and under this genus he listed the dog-like carnivores including domestic dogs, wolves, and jackals.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Yep Roc Records is an American independent record label based in Hillsborough, North Carolina, and owned by Redeye Distribution.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Since 1997, the label has released albums from North Carolina and international artists, including Aoife O'Donovan, Chatham County Line, Dave Alvin, Gang of Four, Los Straitjackets, Nick Lowe, Paul Weller, Robyn Hitchcock, Ryan Adams, The Apples in Stereo, The Reverend Horton Heat, Mandolin Orange, and Tift Merritt.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Tor Hansen started the label in 1997, two years after moving to North Carolina to help manage a chain of record stores in the South.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ In and around the musical hotbed of Chapel Hill, he encountered bands making good music but not really knowing how to get it out.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Laurence Michael Yep (; born June 14, 1948) is a prolific Chinese-American writer, best known for children's books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ In 2005, he received the biennial Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal for his career contribution to American children's literature.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Yep was born in San Francisco to Yep Gim Lew (Thomas) and Franche.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ His older brother, Thomas, named him after studying a particular saint in a multicultural neighborhood that consisted of mostly African Americans.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Growing up, he often felt torn between U.S. and Chinese culture, and expressed this in many of his books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ A great deal of his work involves characters feeling alienated or not fitting into their surroundings and environment, something Yep has struggled with since childhood.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Women's health __knowledge__ Women's health refers to the health of women, which differs from that of men in many unique ways.", "Women's health __knowledge__ Women's health is an example of population health, where health is defined by the World Health Organization as \"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity\".", "Women's health __knowledge__ Often treated as simply women's reproductive health, many groups argue for a broader definition pertaining to the overall health of women, better expressed as \"The health of women\".", "Women's health __knowledge__ These differences are further exacerbated in developing countries where women, whose health includes both their risks and experiences, are further disadvantaged.", "Health __knowledge__ Health is the level of functional and metabolic efficiency of a living organism.", "Health __knowledge__ The World Health Organization (WHO) defined human health in its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as \"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.\"", "Health __knowledge__ This definition has been subject to controversy, in particular as lacking operational value, the ambiguity in developing cohesive health strategies, and because of the problem created by use of the word \"complete\", which makes it practically impossible to achieve.", "Health __knowledge__ Other definitions have been proposed, among which a recent definition that correlates health and personal satisfaction.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The Dragon series is a tetralogy of fantasy novels by Chinese American author Laurence Yep.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ Yep had already written several books including the Newbery Honor novel \"Dragonwings\" by 1980, when, after undertaking careful research, he decided to adapt Chinese mythology into a fantasy form, something he had always wanted to do since he had sold his first science fiction story at 18.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ He \"tried to stay true to the spirit\" of these myths, but did not try \"to keep their exact details\".", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The \"perfect vehicle\" he chose was a folktale in which the Monkey King captured a river spirit who had flooded an entire city, which he at first tried to conceive in picture book form.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ \"Where It's At (Yep, Yep)\" (also known as \"Where It's At\" in its short title) is a song recorded by American country music artist Dustin Lynch.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ It was released in March 2014 as the first single from his second studio album.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The album, \"Where It's At\", was released on September 9, 2014.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The song was written by Cary Barlowe, Zach Crowell and Matt Jenkins.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The song garnered positive reviews from critics who praised its upbeat instrumentals and Lynch's vocal performance.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ \"Where It's At (Yep Yep)\" was Lynch's first number-one single on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ It also charted at numbers 4 and 42 on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively.", "Historical race concepts __knowledge__ The concept of race as a rough division of anatomically modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\") has a long and complicated history.", "Historical race concepts __knowledge__ The word \"race\" itself is modern and was used in the sense of \"nation, ethnic group\" during the 16th to 19th century, and only acquired its modern meaning in the field of physical anthropology from the mid 19th century.", "Historical race concepts __knowledge__ The politicization of the field under the concept of racism in the 20th century has led to a decline in racial studies during the 1930s to 1980s, culminating in a poststructuralist deconstruction of race as a social construct.", "Historical race concepts __knowledge__ The word \"race\", interpreted to mean an identifiable group of people who share a common descent, was introduced into English in about 1580, from the Old French ' (1512), from Italian '.", "G factor (psychometrics) __knowledge__ The g\" factor (also known as general intelligence, general mental ability or general intelligence factor) is a construct developed in psychometric investigations of cognitive abilities and human intelligence.", "G factor (psychometrics) __knowledge__ It is a variable that summarizes positive correlations among different cognitive tasks, reflecting the fact that an individual's performance on one type of cognitive task tends to be comparable to that person's performance on other kinds of cognitive tasks.", "G factor (psychometrics) __knowledge__ The \"g\" factor typically accounts for 40 to 50 percent of the between-individual performance differences on a given cognitive test, and composite scores (\"IQ scores\") based on many tests are frequently regarded as estimates of individuals' standing on the \"g\" factor.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ A mongrel, mixed-breed dog or mutt is a dog that does not belong to one recognized breed and is not the result of intentional breeding.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Estimates place their numbers at 150 million animals worldwide.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although the term \"mixed-breed dog\" is preferred by some, many mongrels have no known purebred ancestors.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Furthermore, crossbreed dogs, while literally a mix of breeds, differ from mongrels in being intentionally bred.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although mongrels have at times been considered somehow lesser than intentionally bred dogs, they are thought to be less susceptible to genetic health problems associated with dog breeding (based on the theory of heterosis), and have enthusiasts and defenders who prefer them to intentionally bred dogs.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of a given breed.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Planned matings can be used to produce specifically desired characteristics in domesticated horses.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Furthermore, modern breeding management and technologies can increase the rate of conception, a healthy pregnancy, and successful foaling.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ The male parent of a horse, a stallion, is commonly known as the \"sire\" and the female parent, the mare, is called the \"dam\".", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Both are genetically important, as each parent provides half of the genetic makeup of the ensuing offspring, called a foal.", "Sex differences in intelligence __knowledge__ Differences in intelligence have long been a topic of debate among researchers and scholars.", "Sex differences in intelligence __knowledge__ With the advent of the concept of \"g\" or general intelligence, many researchers have argued for no significant sex differences in \"g\" factor or general intelligence while others have argued for greater intelligence for males.", "Sex differences in intelligence __knowledge__ The split view between these researchers depended on the methodology and tests they used for their claims.", "Sex differences in intelligence __knowledge__ One study found some advantage for women in later life, while another found that male advantages on some cognitive tests are minimized when controlling for socioeconomic factors.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ The Arabian or Arab horse ( , DMG \"ḥiṣān ʿarabī\") is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ It is also one of the oldest breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses in the Middle East that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Throughout history, Arabian horses have spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Neak Pean __knowledge__ Neak Pean (or Neak Poan) () (\"The entwined serpents\") at Angkor, Cambodia is an artificial island with a Buddhist temple on a circular island in Jayatataka Baray, which was associated with Preah Khan temple, built during the reign of King Jayavarman VII.", "Neak Pean __knowledge__ It is the \"Mebon\" of the Preah Khan baray (the \"Jayatataka\" of the inscription).", "Neak Pean __knowledge__ Some historians believe that Neak Pean represents Anavatapta, a mythical lake in the Himalayas whose waters are thought to cure all illness.", "Neak Pean __knowledge__ The name is derived from the sculptures of snakes (Nāga) running around the base of the temple structure, \"neak\" being the Khmer rendering of the Sanskrit \"naga\".", "Monsters We Met __knowledge__ Monsters We Met is a documentary produced by the BBC and later aired on Animal Planet in 2003 (under the title, Land of Lost Monsters) but also used footage from \"Walking with Beasts\" and \"Walking with Cavemen\" both made by BBC.", "Monsters We Met __knowledge__ The show used computer-generated imagery to recreate the life of the giant animals that lived during the last ice age and explains how early humans encountered them.", "Monsters We Met __knowledge__ It also features humans as the main reason to the extinction of all great animals.", "Monsters We Met __knowledge__ It starts with animals living during the Ice Age.", "Monsters We Met __knowledge__ It also shows how humans became top predators and started hunting mammoths on the continent with deadly spears.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Lubumbashi __knowledge__ Lubumbashi (former names: (French) and (Dutch)) in the southeastern part of Democratic Republic of the Congo, is the second-largest city in the country, the largest being the capital, Kinshasa.", "Lubumbashi __knowledge__ Lubumbashi is the mining capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, acting as a hub for many of the country's biggest mining companies.", "Lubumbashi __knowledge__ The copper-mining city serves as the capital of the relatively prosperous Katanga Province and is near the border with Zambia.", "Lubumbashi __knowledge__ Population estimates vary widely but average around 1.5 million.", "Lubumbashi __knowledge__ The Belgian government established the modern-day government in the city of \"Élisabethville\" (sometimes Elizabethville, both in French, or Elisabethstad in Dutch) in 1910, named in honour of their queen Elisabeth, wife to king Albert I.", "Modern Hebrew grammar __knowledge__ Modern Hebrew grammar is partly analytic, expressing such forms as dative, ablative, and accusative using prepositional particles rather than morphological cases.", "Modern Hebrew grammar __knowledge__ On the other hand, Modern Hebrew grammar is also fusional synthetic: inflection plays a role in the formation of verbs and nouns (using non-concatenative discontinuous morphemes realised by vowel infixation) and the declension of prepositions (i.e.", "Modern Hebrew grammar __knowledge__ with pronominal suffixes).", "Modern Hebrew grammar __knowledge__ That said, Israeli Hebrew is much more analytic than (Biblical/Mishnaic) Hebrew.", "Modern Hebrew grammar __knowledge__ For example, whereas the ancient Hebrew phrase for \"my grandfather\" was \"sav-í\" \"grandfather-1stPerson.Singular.Possessive\", in Israeli Hebrew it is \"sába shelí\" \"grandfather of-me\".", "Mosaic __knowledge__ A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials.", "Mosaic __knowledge__ It is often used in decorative art or as interior decoration.", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as \"tesserae\".", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Some, especially floor mosaics, are made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called \"pebble mosaics\".", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC.", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ Bigu () is a Daoist fasting technique associated with achieving \"xian\" \"transcendence; immortality\".", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ Grain avoidance is related to multifaceted Chinese cultural beliefs.", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ For instance, \"bigu\" fasting was the common medical cure for expelling the \"sanshi\" 三尸 \"Three Corpses\", the malevolent, grain-eating spirits that live in the human body (along with the hun and po souls), report their host's sins to heaven every 60 days, and carry out punishments of sickness and early death.", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ Avoiding \"grains\" has been diversely interpreted to mean not eating particular foodstuffs (food grain, cereal, the Five Grains, \"wugu\", or staple food), or not eating any food (inedia, breatharianism, or aerophagia).", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Wolf hunting __knowledge__ Wolf hunting is the practice of hunting gray wolves \"(Canis lupus)\" or other species of wolves.", "Wolf hunting __knowledge__ Wolves are mainly hunted for sport, for their skins, to protect livestock (wolves are responsible for only .02% of livestock death each year), and, in some rare cases, to protect humans.", "Wolf hunting __knowledge__ Wolves have been actively hunted since 8,000 to 10,000 years ago, when they first began to pose a threat to livestock vital for the survival of Neolithic human communities.", "Wolf hunting __knowledge__ Historically, the hunting of wolves was a huge capital- and manpower-intensive operation.", "Wolf hunting __knowledge__ The threat wolves posed to both livestock and people was considered significant enough to warrant the conscription of whole villages under threat of punishment, despite the disruption of economic activities and reduced taxes.", "Moose __knowledge__ The moose (North America) or elk (Eurasia), \"Alces alces\", is the largest extant species in the deer family.", "Moose __knowledge__ Moose are distinguished by the broad, flat (or \"palmate\") antlers of the males; other members of the family have antlers with a dendritic (\"twig-like\") configuration.", "Moose __knowledge__ Moose typically inhabit boreal forests and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of the Northern Hemisphere in temperate to subarctic climates.", "Moose __knowledge__ Hunting and other human activities have caused a reduction in the size of the moose's range over time.", "Moose __knowledge__ Moose have been reintroduced to some of their former habitats.", "Moose __knowledge__ Currently, most moose are found in Canada, Alaska, New England, Fennoscandia, Baltic states, and Russia.", "Enn Kunila __knowledge__ Enn Kunila (born 19 March 1950 in Tallinn) is an Estonian entrepreneur and art collector.", "Enn Kunila __knowledge__ Kunila is the Member of the Board and one of the shareholders of NG Investeeringud, which is one of the biggest Estonian private capital based investment and holding companies in Estonia.", "Enn Kunila __knowledge__ NG Investeeringud group employs more than 4700 people and operates in trade, industry and real estate.", "Enn Kunila __knowledge__ Enn Kunila was awarded the Order of the White Star, Fourth Class in 2006 by the President of the Republic of Estonia in recognition for his contribution to Estonian entrepreneurship.", "Enn Kunila __knowledge__ Enn Kunila is a member of the governing bodies of different public enterprise-related organizations.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear (\"Ursus arctos\") is the most widely distributed bear and is found across much of northern Eurasia and North America.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ It is one of the largest living terrestrial members of the order Carnivora, rivaled in body size only by its close cousin, the polar bear (\"Ursus maritimus\"), which is much less variable in size and slightly larger on average.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear's principal range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, China, Canada, the United States (mostly Alaska), Scandinavia, and the Carpathian region (especially Romania), Anatolia, and Caucasus.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear is recognized as a national and state animal in several European countries." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Absolutely Fabulous __knowledge__ Absolutely Fabulous, also known as Ab Fab, is a BBC television sitcom created by, written by and starring Jennifer Saunders.", "Absolutely Fabulous __knowledge__ It is based on a 1990 \"French & Saunders\" sketch created by Saunders and Dawn French.", "Absolutely Fabulous __knowledge__ The series features Saunders as Edina Monsoon, a heavy-drinking, drug-abusing PR agent who spends her time chasing bizarre fads in a desperate attempt to stay young and \"hip\".", "Absolutely Fabulous __knowledge__ Edina is joined in her quest by magazine fashion director Patsy Stone (played by Joanna Lumley), her best friend and enabler, whose drug abuse, alcohol consumption, and promiscuity far eclipse Edina's comparatively mild self-destructive behaviour.", "Absolute convergence __knowledge__ In mathematics, an infinite series of numbers is said to converge absolutely (or to be absolutely convergent) if the sum of the absolute values of the summands is finite.", "Absolute convergence __knowledge__ More precisely, a real or complex series formula_1 is said to converge absolutely if formula_2 for some real number formula_3.", "Absolute convergence __knowledge__ Similarly, an improper integral of a function, formula_4, is said to converge absolutely if the integral of the absolute value of the integrand is finite—that is, if formula_5 Absolute convergence is important for the study of infinite series because its definition is strong enough to have properties of finite sums that not all convergent series possess, yet is broad enough to occur commonly.", "Absolute continuity __knowledge__ In calculus, absolute continuity is a smoothness property of functions that is stronger than continuity and uniform continuity.", "Absolute continuity __knowledge__ The notion of absolute continuity allows one to obtain generalizations of the relationship between the two central operations of calculus—differentiation and integration—expressed by the fundamental theorem of calculus in the framework of Riemann integration.", "Absolute continuity __knowledge__ Such generalizations are often formulated in terms of Lebesgue integration.", "Absolute continuity __knowledge__ For real-valued functions on the real line two interrelated notions appear: \"absolute continuity of functions\" and \"absolute continuity of measures.\"", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian is a 2007 novel for young adults written by Sherman Alexie and illustrated by Ellen Forney.", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ The book won several awards, and was the first young adult fiction work by Alexie, a stand-up comedian, screenwriter, film producer, and songwriter who has previously written adult novels, short stories, poems, and screenplays.", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ Alexie stated, \"I [wrote the book] because so many librarians, teachers, and teenagers kept asking me to write one.\"", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ \"The Absolutely True Diary\" is a first-person narrative from the perspective of Native American teenager Arnold Spirit Jr., also known as \"Junior\", a 14-year-old budding cartoonist.", "Khinchin integral __knowledge__ In mathematics, the Khinchin integral (sometimes spelled Khintchine integral), also known as the Denjoy–Khinchin integral, generalized Denjoy integral or wide Denjoy integral, is one of a number of definitions of the integral of a function.", "Khinchin integral __knowledge__ It is a generalization of the Riemann and Lebesgue integrals.", "Khinchin integral __knowledge__ It is named after Aleksandr Khinchin and Arnaud Denjoy, but is not to be confused with the (narrow) Denjoy integral.", "Khinchin integral __knowledge__ If \"g\" : \"I\" → R is a Lebesgue-integrable function on some interval \"I\" = [\"a\",\"b\"], and if is its Lebesgue indefinite integral, then the following assertions are true: The Lebesgue integral could be defined as follows: \"g\" is Lebesgue-integrable on \"I\" iff there exists a function \"f\" that is absolutely continuous whose derivative coincides with \"g\" almost everywhere.", "Fourier inversion theorem __knowledge__ In mathematics, the Fourier inversion theorem says that for many types of functions it is possible to recover a function from its Fourier transform.", "Fourier inversion theorem __knowledge__ Intuitively it may be viewed as the statement that if we know all frequency and phase information about a wave then we may reconstruct the original wave precisely.", "Fourier inversion theorem __knowledge__ The theorem says that if we have a function formula_1 satisfying certain conditions, and we use the convention for the Fourier transform that then In other words, the theorem says that This last equation is called the Fourier integral theorem.", "Fourier inversion theorem __knowledge__ Another way to state the theorem is to note that if formula_5 is the flip operator i.e.", "Absolutely Fabulous (series 1) __knowledge__ The first series of \"Absolutely Fabulous\", a BBC sitcom, was created and written by Jennifer Saunders who starred in the title role of Edina Monsoon, a heavy-drinking, smoking, and drug-abusing PR agent who has dedicated most of her life to looking \"fabulous\" and desperately attempts to stay young.", "Absolutely Fabulous (series 1) __knowledge__ Edina is known as 'Eddy' to her best friend, Patsy Stone (Joanna Lumley), a magazine editor who constantly takes advantage of Eddy by living the life of luxury in Eddy's extravagant home.", "Absolutely Fabulous (series 1) __knowledge__ Edina is a twice-divorced mother of two.", "Absolutely Fabulous (series 1) __knowledge__ Her eldest child, a son, Serge, left home many years before, to try and escape his mother's clutches.", "Sport in Cambodia __knowledge__ Cambodia has increasingly become involved in sports over the last 30 years.", "Sport in Cambodia __knowledge__ Football is popular as are martial arts in particular.", "Sport in Cambodia __knowledge__ Sepak takraw, which looks like volleyball, is also a very popular sport in Cambodia.", "Sport in Cambodia __knowledge__ The martial arts of Bokator, pradal serey (Khmer kickboxing) and Khmer traditional wrestling are all practiced in the country.", "Sport in Cambodia __knowledge__ 'Bokator\"/\"boxkator\", or more formally, \"Labok Katao\" (which means wielding a wooden stick to fight lions), is an ancient Khmer martial art that is based on animal forms.", "Sport in Cambodia __knowledge__ It has ground fighting, close combat techniques and weaponry.", "Sport in Cambodia __knowledge__ Unlike kickboxing, which is a sport fighting art, \"boxkator\" was a soldier's art, designed to be used on the battlefield.", "Kula tribe (Rivers State) __knowledge__ The Kula tribe of the Ijaw people lives in Akuku Toru Local Government Area, southwestern Rivers State, Nigeria.", "Kula tribe (Rivers State) __knowledge__ The Kula people were not originally speaking Kalabari as their language but has lost their real language due to trade and close interactions with the Kalabaris.", "Kula tribe (Rivers State) __knowledge__ The small Kalabari-speaking tribe is sometimes classified as a Kalabari community rather than as its own tribe.", "Kula tribe (Rivers State) __knowledge__ The tribal seat is the town of Kula (also known as Anyame-Kula or Anyaminama-Kula) founded and established by King Sara 1.", "Kula tribe (Rivers State) __knowledge__ Kula is situated in the South Western axis of Rivers State of Nigeria - under the Akuku-Toru Local Government Area of Rivers State.", "The Square Set __knowledge__ The Square Set is a 1960s rock band from Cape Town South Africa, known for their songs \" Silence is Golden\" (SA number 1 Hit (1967)) \"Carol Corina\" (SA number 10 hit (1968)), and \"That's What I Want\" (international number 1 hit in Brazil, Argentina, and Portugal (1971-1972)).", "The Square Set __knowledge__ The band formed in March 1966 and was called Neville Whitmill and the Humans.", "The Square Set __knowledge__ Founder members Nol, Neville, Derek and Keith rehearsed each day for 6 months composing new songs perfecting covers before contracting their first professional gig at the Clifton Hotel.", "The Square Set __knowledge__ Nol Klinkhamer hailed from the Conservetoire of Music in Holland having a degree in Jazz played piano, organ and the vibraphone.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ The 24 Hours of Le Mans () is the world's oldest active sports car race in endurance racing, held annually since near the town of Le Mans, France.", "24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ It is one of the most prestigious automobile races in the world and has been called the \"Grand Prix of Endurance and Efficiency\".", "24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ The event represents one leg of the Triple Crown of Motorsport; other events being the Indianapolis 500 and the Monaco Grand Prix.", "24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ The race is organized by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) and is held on the Circuit de la Sarthe, which contains a mix of closed public roadways and dedicated sections of racing track, in which racing teams must balance the demands of speed with the cars' ability to run for 24 hours while remaining free of crippling mechanical failure.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "7th Guards Tank Division __knowledge__ The 7th Guards Tank Division was a tank division of the Soviet Army during the Cold War.", "7th Guards Tank Division __knowledge__ The division traced its heritage back to the 7th Guards Tank Corps, formed during World War II in July 1943 from the 15th Tank Corps for its performance in Operation Kutuzov, the Soviet counteroffensive after the Battle of Kursk.", "7th Guards Tank Division __knowledge__ It was part of the 3rd Guards Tank Army during the war, and was converted into a tank division like the rest of the tank corps in 1945.", "7th Guards Tank Division __knowledge__ Stationed in Czechoslovakia postwar, it was briefly downsized into a regiment in 1946 and relocated to eastern Germany in 1947, becoming part of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, which later became the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSFG)." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 4, 8, 7 ]

[ "I do like dogs. Modern day dogs aren't closely related to wolves (genetically) I wasnt aware of this until rencently when i did a little research on wolves after my golden retriever decided to chase one!", "Yeah they have been bred for distinct traits. Some for their physical characteristics like speed and stregth and other for their mental abilities like hunting, agility and obedience.", "Yeah health issues have been bred into them...they also now have the ability to eat mainly starches whereas wolves would be able to survive on a diet like this.", "Yeah great enough to warrant the title of mans best friend!", "I do I have a golden retriever...we bought him from a breeder he was meant to be a hunting dog but he's too lazy!" ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Dog\ni really love dogs, beagles specifically how about you?", "have you ever owned a beagle?", "i had two beagles, they are great like you say because of their size. how did you handle their energy-levels?", "not familiar with havanese. are they similar to beagles?", "so even smaller than a beagle ?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Beagle __knowledge__ The Beagle is a breed of small hound that is similar in appearance to the much larger foxhound.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is a scent hound, developed primarily for hunting hare.", "Beagle __knowledge__ With a great sense of smell and superior tracking instinct, the beagle is employed as detection dog for prohibited agricultural imports and foodstuffs in quarantine around the world.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is intelligent but single-minded.", "Beagle __knowledge__ It is a popular pet due to its size, good temper, and lack of inherited health problems.", "Beagle __knowledge__ Although beagle-type dogs have existed for 2,500 years, the modern breed was developed in Great Britain around the 1830s from several breeds, including the Talbot Hound, the North Country Beagle, the Southern Hound, and possibly the Harrier.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Edinburgh Beagles was a British ice hockey team that played in the Northern Conference of Division 2 in the British Universities Ice Hockey Association.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They played their home games at Murrayfield Ice Rink in Edinburgh, Scotland and are associated with the Edinburgh Eagles (ice hockey).", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Beagles were formed in 2008 by Richard 'Rambo' Gray; they are an affiliate of the Edinburgh Eagles who were formed in 2003 by Amy Slater.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They are an Ice hockey club that caters primarily to university players.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They accept players from any higher education institution in Scotland.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Beagles were formed as an expansion due to the increasing numbers of less experienced players joining the Eagles.", "Beagling __knowledge__ Beagling is the hunting mainly of hares, but also rabbits, but definitely not foxes by beagles by scent.", "Beagling __knowledge__ A beagle pack (10 or more hounds) is usually followed on foot, and in some limited examples, mounted.", "Beagling __knowledge__ Beagling is often enjoyed by 'retired' fox hunters who have either sustained too many injuries or lost the agility to ride horseback, or who enjoy the outdoors and the camaraderie of the hunt.", "Beagling __knowledge__ It is also traditionally a way for young men and women to learn how to handle hounds on a smaller scale before they go on to hunt with foxhounds.", "Beagling __knowledge__ In the UK and Ireland, the traditional quarry of beagle packs has been the hare.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ John Beagles (1844 – 8 January 1907) was an English printer and publisher, especially of real photo postcards, through his company, J. Beagles & Co. John Beagles was born in Whaplode Drove, Lincolnshire, in 1844 to John and Jane Beagles, and christened on 11 June 1844.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ His father was a \"butcher master\".", "John Beagles __knowledge__ In 1861, John Beagles junior was recorded as a \"pupil teacher\".", "John Beagles __knowledge__ In the 1891 census, Beagles was recorded as a \"photographic publisher\" in Nottingham in the household of Thomas William Stevenson, printer, who would later be his executor.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ Later, he traded as J. Beagles & Co. from Little Britain, London, E.C.", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ Beagle Brigade is a team of beagles and their human handlers who, as part of the United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), inspect luggage at U.S. airports searching for agricultural products.", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ According to the USDA, the Beagle Brigade program averages around 75,000 seizures of prohibited agricultural products a year.", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ Unauthorized meat, animal byproducts, fruit and vegetables can carry diseases and pests that have the potential to infect U.S. agriculture.", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ For example, foot-and-mouth disease could be introduced into the U.S. via contaminated meat products brought into the country by a traveller.", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ The Beagles is an animated cartoon television series that aired on CBS from September 10, 1966, to September 2, 1967, and later in reruns on ABC from September 9, 1967, to September 2, 1968.", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ It was produced by Total Television which created \"King Leonardo and His Short Subjects\", \"Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales\", and \"Underdog\".", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ The show drew some inspiration from the famous musical group The Beatles, who had an animated program of their own at that time.", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ In fact the run on CBS was scheduled opposite The Beatles' own show.", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ The show was shown on early morning TV on Channel 9 in Australia in 1970." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Beagle Boys __knowledge__ The Beagle Boys are a group of fictional characters from the Donald Duck universe.", "Beagle Boys __knowledge__ Created by Carl Barks, they are a family clan of organized criminals who constantly try to rob Scrooge McDuck.", "Beagle Boys __knowledge__ Their introduction and first appearance was in \"Terror of the Beagle Boys\" (\"Walt Disney's Comics and Stories\" #134, November 1951), although in this story they only appear in the last frame and have no lines.", "Beagle Boys __knowledge__ They appear again in the next issue in a similar fashion, in \"The Big Bin on Killmotor Hill\" (\"Walt Disney's Comics and Stories\" #135, December 1951).", "Beagle Boys __knowledge__ The Beagle Boys were originally created by Carl Barks, and made their first appearance in the 10-page story \"The Terror of the Beagle Boys\" (WDC #134) that was first published in November 1951.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The Beagle is a breed of small hound that is similar in appearance to the much larger foxhound.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is a scent hound, developed primarily for hunting hare.", "Beagle __knowledge__ With a great sense of smell and superior tracking instinct, the beagle is employed as detection dog for prohibited agricultural imports and foodstuffs in quarantine around the world.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is intelligent but single-minded.", "Beagle __knowledge__ It is a popular pet due to its size, good temper, and lack of inherited health problems.", "Beagle __knowledge__ Although beagle-type dogs have existed for 2,500 years, the modern breed was developed in Great Britain around the 1830s from several breeds, including the Talbot Hound, the North Country Beagle, the Southern Hound, and possibly the Harrier.", "Second voyage of HMS Beagle __knowledge__ The second voyage of HMS \"Beagle\", from 27 December 1831 to 2 October 1836, was the second survey expedition of HMS \"Beagle\", under captain Robert FitzRoy who had taken over command of the ship on its first voyage after the previous captain committed suicide.", "Second voyage of HMS Beagle __knowledge__ FitzRoy had already thought of the advantages of having an expert in geology on board, and sought a gentleman naturalist to accompany them as a supernumerary.", "Second voyage of HMS Beagle __knowledge__ The young graduate Charles Darwin had hoped to see the tropics before becoming a parson, and accepted the opportunity.", "Second voyage of HMS Beagle __knowledge__ He was greatly influenced by reading Charles Lyell's \"Principles of Geology\" during the voyage.", "Beagle 2 __knowledge__ The Beagle 2 was a British Mars lander that was transported by the European Space Agency's 2003 \"Mars Express\" mission.", "Beagle 2 __knowledge__ It was an astrobiology mission that would have looked for past life on the shallow surface of Mars.", "Beagle 2 __knowledge__ The spacecraft was successfully deployed from the \"Mars Express\" on 19 December 2003 and was scheduled to land on the surface of Mars on 25 December; however, no contact was received at the expected time of landing on Mars, with the ESA declaring the mission lost in February 2004, after numerous attempts to contact the spacecraft were made.", "Beagle 2 __knowledge__ The \"Beagle 2\" fate remained a mystery until January 2015 when it was located intact on the surface of Mars in a series of images from NASA's \"Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\" HiRISE camera.", "HMS Beagle __knowledge__ HMS \"Beagle\" was a \"Cherokee\"-class 10-gun brig-sloop of the Royal Navy, one of more than 100 ships of this class.", "HMS Beagle __knowledge__ The vessel, constructed at a cost of £7,803 (£ in today's currency), was launched on 11 May 1820 from the Woolwich Dockyard on the River Thames.", "HMS Beagle __knowledge__ In July of that year she took part in a fleet review celebrating the coronation of King George IV of the United Kingdom, and for that occasion is said to have been the first ship to sail completely under the old London Bridge.", "HMS Beagle __knowledge__ There was no immediate need for \"Beagle\" so she \"lay in ordinary\", moored afloat but without masts or rigging.", "HMS Beagle __knowledge__ She was then adapted as a survey barque and took part in three survey expeditions.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ HMS \"Beagle\" was an 18-gun \"Cruizer\"-class brig-sloop of the Royal Navy.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ She was launched in 1804, during the Napoleonic Wars.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ She played a major role in the Battle of the Basque Roads.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ \"Beagle\" was laid up in ordinary in 1813 and sold in 1814.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ \"Beagle\" was commissioned in August 1804 under Commander John Burn, who sailed her to the Mediterranean.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ On 5 December Burn and \"Beagle\" captured the Spanish ship \"Fuenta Hermosa\".", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ Burn was temporarily relieved by Commander George Digby between June and August 1805, after which she joined Sir John Orde’s squadron off Cadiz.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ On 14 January 1805, \"Beagle\" captured the Spanish ship \"Pastora Hermosa\", which was carrying bullion.", "List of chronometers on HMS Beagle __knowledge__ Chronometers were formerly used for the accurate determination of longitude by ships at sea.", "List of chronometers on HMS Beagle __knowledge__ By measuring the time of local solar noon compared to the time of noon at a reference point the difference in longitude can be directly found.", "List of chronometers on HMS Beagle __knowledge__ For this system to work, a timepiece showing the time at the reference point must be carried to the measuring point.", "List of chronometers on HMS Beagle __knowledge__ A timepiece intended to remain accurate while subjected to the motions of a ship at sea and through extreme changes in environment, especially temperature, is called a chronometer.", "List of chronometers on HMS Beagle __knowledge__ These were first built in the 18th century and were used extensively by mariners in the 19th century and into the 20th century, even after the widespread use of radio for time signals – the time signal was used to set the chronometer, but the instrument was still necessary to display the time.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Edinburgh Beagles was a British ice hockey team that played in the Northern Conference of Division 2 in the British Universities Ice Hockey Association.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They played their home games at Murrayfield Ice Rink in Edinburgh, Scotland and are associated with the Edinburgh Eagles (ice hockey).", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Beagles were formed in 2008 by Richard 'Rambo' Gray; they are an affiliate of the Edinburgh Eagles who were formed in 2003 by Amy Slater.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They are an Ice hockey club that caters primarily to university players.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They accept players from any higher education institution in Scotland.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Beagles were formed as an expansion due to the increasing numbers of less experienced players joining the Eagles.", "Beagling __knowledge__ Beagling is the hunting mainly of hares, but also rabbits, but definitely not foxes by beagles by scent.", "Beagling __knowledge__ A beagle pack (10 or more hounds) is usually followed on foot, and in some limited examples, mounted.", "Beagling __knowledge__ Beagling is often enjoyed by 'retired' fox hunters who have either sustained too many injuries or lost the agility to ride horseback, or who enjoy the outdoors and the camaraderie of the hunt.", "Beagling __knowledge__ It is also traditionally a way for young men and women to learn how to handle hounds on a smaller scale before they go on to hunt with foxhounds.", "Beagling __knowledge__ In the UK and Ireland, the traditional quarry of beagle packs has been the hare.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ John Beagles (1844 – 8 January 1907) was an English printer and publisher, especially of real photo postcards, through his company, J. Beagles & Co. John Beagles was born in Whaplode Drove, Lincolnshire, in 1844 to John and Jane Beagles, and christened on 11 June 1844.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ His father was a \"butcher master\".", "John Beagles __knowledge__ In 1861, John Beagles junior was recorded as a \"pupil teacher\".", "John Beagles __knowledge__ In the 1891 census, Beagles was recorded as a \"photographic publisher\" in Nottingham in the household of Thomas William Stevenson, printer, who would later be his executor.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ Later, he traded as J. Beagles & Co. from Little Britain, London, E.C.", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ Beagle Brigade is a team of beagles and their human handlers who, as part of the United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), inspect luggage at U.S. airports searching for agricultural products.", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ According to the USDA, the Beagle Brigade program averages around 75,000 seizures of prohibited agricultural products a year.", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ Unauthorized meat, animal byproducts, fruit and vegetables can carry diseases and pests that have the potential to infect U.S. agriculture.", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ For example, foot-and-mouth disease could be introduced into the U.S. via contaminated meat products brought into the country by a traveller.", "Sport Goofy in Soccermania __knowledge__ Sport Goofy in Soccermania is an animated television special produced by The Walt Disney Company.", "Sport Goofy in Soccermania __knowledge__ It originally aired May 27, 1987 on NBC.", "Sport Goofy in Soccermania __knowledge__ During its TV debut it was preceded by a mockumentary showing past Goofy cartoons of him always getting everything wrong, and leading into the cartoon special where the audience is finally shown a competent, athletic Goofy who is the hero.", "Sport Goofy in Soccermania __knowledge__ In the half-hour special, Huey, Dewey, and Louie ask for help from Scrooge McDuck for their new soccer team by requesting he donate $1.49 to buy a championship trophy.", "Sport Goofy in Soccermania __knowledge__ Scrooge, being his typical stingy self, goes into a rant of \"A dollar forty-nine!", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ The Beagles is an animated cartoon television series that aired on CBS from September 10, 1966, to September 2, 1967, and later in reruns on ABC from September 9, 1967, to September 2, 1968.", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ It was produced by Total Television which created \"King Leonardo and His Short Subjects\", \"Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales\", and \"Underdog\".", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ The show drew some inspiration from the famous musical group The Beatles, who had an animated program of their own at that time.", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ In fact the run on CBS was scheduled opposite The Beatles' own show.", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ The show was shown on early morning TV on Channel 9 in Australia in 1970." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Beagle __knowledge__ The Beagle is a breed of small hound that is similar in appearance to the much larger foxhound.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is a scent hound, developed primarily for hunting hare.", "Beagle __knowledge__ With a great sense of smell and superior tracking instinct, the beagle is employed as detection dog for prohibited agricultural imports and foodstuffs in quarantine around the world.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is intelligent but single-minded.", "Beagle __knowledge__ It is a popular pet due to its size, good temper, and lack of inherited health problems.", "Beagle __knowledge__ Although beagle-type dogs have existed for 2,500 years, the modern breed was developed in Great Britain around the 1830s from several breeds, including the Talbot Hound, the North Country Beagle, the Southern Hound, and possibly the Harrier.", "Beagling __knowledge__ Beagling is the hunting mainly of hares, but also rabbits, but definitely not foxes by beagles by scent.", "Beagling __knowledge__ A beagle pack (10 or more hounds) is usually followed on foot, and in some limited examples, mounted.", "Beagling __knowledge__ Beagling is often enjoyed by 'retired' fox hunters who have either sustained too many injuries or lost the agility to ride horseback, or who enjoy the outdoors and the camaraderie of the hunt.", "Beagling __knowledge__ It is also traditionally a way for young men and women to learn how to handle hounds on a smaller scale before they go on to hunt with foxhounds.", "Beagling __knowledge__ In the UK and Ireland, the traditional quarry of beagle packs has been the hare.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Edinburgh Beagles was a British ice hockey team that played in the Northern Conference of Division 2 in the British Universities Ice Hockey Association.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They played their home games at Murrayfield Ice Rink in Edinburgh, Scotland and are associated with the Edinburgh Eagles (ice hockey).", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Beagles were formed in 2008 by Richard 'Rambo' Gray; they are an affiliate of the Edinburgh Eagles who were formed in 2003 by Amy Slater.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They are an Ice hockey club that caters primarily to university players.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They accept players from any higher education institution in Scotland.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Beagles were formed as an expansion due to the increasing numbers of less experienced players joining the Eagles.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ John Beagles (1844 – 8 January 1907) was an English printer and publisher, especially of real photo postcards, through his company, J. Beagles & Co. John Beagles was born in Whaplode Drove, Lincolnshire, in 1844 to John and Jane Beagles, and christened on 11 June 1844.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ His father was a \"butcher master\".", "John Beagles __knowledge__ In 1861, John Beagles junior was recorded as a \"pupil teacher\".", "John Beagles __knowledge__ In the 1891 census, Beagles was recorded as a \"photographic publisher\" in Nottingham in the household of Thomas William Stevenson, printer, who would later be his executor.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ Later, he traded as J. Beagles & Co. from Little Britain, London, E.C.", "Sport Goofy in Soccermania __knowledge__ Sport Goofy in Soccermania is an animated television special produced by The Walt Disney Company.", "Sport Goofy in Soccermania __knowledge__ It originally aired May 27, 1987 on NBC.", "Sport Goofy in Soccermania __knowledge__ During its TV debut it was preceded by a mockumentary showing past Goofy cartoons of him always getting everything wrong, and leading into the cartoon special where the audience is finally shown a competent, athletic Goofy who is the hero.", "Sport Goofy in Soccermania __knowledge__ In the half-hour special, Huey, Dewey, and Louie ask for help from Scrooge McDuck for their new soccer team by requesting he donate $1.49 to buy a championship trophy.", "Sport Goofy in Soccermania __knowledge__ Scrooge, being his typical stingy self, goes into a rant of \"A dollar forty-nine!", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ Beagle Brigade is a team of beagles and their human handlers who, as part of the United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), inspect luggage at U.S. airports searching for agricultural products.", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ According to the USDA, the Beagle Brigade program averages around 75,000 seizures of prohibited agricultural products a year.", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ Unauthorized meat, animal byproducts, fruit and vegetables can carry diseases and pests that have the potential to infect U.S. agriculture.", "Beagle Brigade __knowledge__ For example, foot-and-mouth disease could be introduced into the U.S. via contaminated meat products brought into the country by a traveller.", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ The Beagles is an animated cartoon television series that aired on CBS from September 10, 1966, to September 2, 1967, and later in reruns on ABC from September 9, 1967, to September 2, 1968.", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ It was produced by Total Television which created \"King Leonardo and His Short Subjects\", \"Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales\", and \"Underdog\".", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ The show drew some inspiration from the famous musical group The Beatles, who had an animated program of their own at that time.", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ In fact the run on CBS was scheduled opposite The Beatles' own show.", "The Beagles (TV series) __knowledge__ The show was shown on early morning TV on Channel 9 in Australia in 1970.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Broadway Barks is an annual animal charity event held in New York City to promote the adoption of shelter animals.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Founded by Bernadette Peters and Mary Tyler Moore, the event has been held every July in Shubert Alley, starting in 1999.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Performers, many from Broadway shows, present adoptable cats and dogs, with the participation of many animal groups from the New York City area.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ The event was founded in 1999 by Bernadette Peters with Mary Tyler Moore and others, who wanted to do \"something for the animals\" after a successful fund–raising campaign for Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Performers, many appearing in Broadway shows, and other celebrities present cats and dogs from New York City and vicinity animal shelters for adoption.", "Aptunga setadebilia __knowledge__ Aptunga setadebilia is a species of snout moth.", "Aptunga setadebilia __knowledge__ It was described by Neunzig in 1996.", "Aptunga setadebilia __knowledge__ It is found in the Dominican Republic.", "Aptunga setadebilia __knowledge__ The length of the forewings is 8.5–9 mm.", "Aptunga setadebilia __knowledge__ The specific epithet is a combination of the Latin \"seta\" (meaning \"bristle\") and \"debilis\" (meaning \"weak\") and refers to the weakly formed scale tufts on the 8th abdominal segment.", "Pet Shop Boys __knowledge__ Pet Shop Boys are an English synthpop duo, formed in London in 1981 and consisting of Neil Tennant (lead vocals, keyboards, occasional guitar) and Chris Lowe (keyboards, vocals).", "Pet Shop Boys __knowledge__ Pet Shop Boys have sold more than 50 million records worldwide, and are listed as the most successful duo in UK music history by \"The Guinness Book of Records\".", "Pet Shop Boys __knowledge__ Three-time Brit Award winners and six-time Grammy nominees, since 1985 they have achieved 42 Top 30 singles, 22 of them Top 10 hits in the UK Singles Chart, including four UK number ones: \"West End Girls\" (also number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100), \"It's a Sin\", an acclaimed cover of \"Always on My Mind\" and \"Heart\".", "Polyethylene terephthalate __knowledge__ Polyethylene terephthalate (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), commonly abbreviated PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P, is the most common thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in fibres for clothing, containers for liquids and foods, thermoforming for manufacturing, and in combination with glass fibre for engineering resins.", "Polyethylene terephthalate __knowledge__ It may also be referred to by the brand name Dacron; in Britain, Terylene; or, in Russia and the former Soviet Union, Lavsan.", "Polyethylene terephthalate __knowledge__ The majority of the world's PET production is for synthetic fibres (in excess of 60%), with bottle production accounting for about 30% of global demand.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Pao suvattii __knowledge__ Pao suvattii, or Arrowhead puffer, is a species of pufferfish.", "Pao suvattii __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized pufferfish, reaching SL.", "Pao suvattii __knowledge__ It is also known as a Pignose Puffer or a Mekong Puffer.", "Pao suvattii __knowledge__ It is locally common in the Lower Mekong basin, and is exclusively a freshwater fish.", "Pao suvattii __knowledge__ \"P. suvatti\" is among the most aggressive of puffers in captivity.", "Pao suvattii __knowledge__ When confronted by an intruder the \"P. suvatti\" will first react by staring intently, if the fish refuses to back down \"P. suvatti\" will then lower its head and charge the other fish.", "Pao suvattii __knowledge__ The Suvatti will then open its mouth and slowly move toward the other fish, if the other fish is still not threatened enough by this, the Suvatti will turn and position its broadside toward the invading fish and inflate its body, it then will swim in front of the fish in a zigzag pattern, it will lower i's head and open its mouth to show its teeth, if the warning of inflation does not scare away the invading fish, the Suvatti will attack the fish and inflict serious wounds or it will kill the fish.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Havanese dog __knowledge__ The Havanese, a breed of Bichon type, is the national dog of Cuba, developed from the now extinct \"Blanquito de la Habana\" (\"little white dog of Havana\").", "Havanese dog __knowledge__ The \"Blanquito\" descended from the also now extinct Bichon Tenerife.", "Havanese dog __knowledge__ It is believed that the Blanquito was eventually cross-bred with other Bichon types, including the Poodle, to create what is now known as the Havanese.", "Havanese dog __knowledge__ Sometimes referred to as \"Havana Silk Dogs\", this was originally another name for the \"Blanquito de la Habana\".", "Havanese dog __knowledge__ The Havanese is small in size and sturdy in structure with a tail carried over its back and ears that drop and fold.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The Beagle is a breed of small hound that is similar in appearance to the much larger foxhound.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is a scent hound, developed primarily for hunting hare.", "Beagle __knowledge__ With a great sense of smell and superior tracking instinct, the beagle is employed as detection dog for prohibited agricultural imports and foodstuffs in quarantine around the world.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is intelligent but single-minded.", "Beagle __knowledge__ It is a popular pet due to its size, good temper, and lack of inherited health problems.", "Beagle __knowledge__ Although beagle-type dogs have existed for 2,500 years, the modern breed was developed in Great Britain around the 1830s from several breeds, including the Talbot Hound, the North Country Beagle, the Southern Hound, and possibly the Harrier.", "Beagling __knowledge__ Beagling is the hunting mainly of hares, but also rabbits, but definitely not foxes by beagles by scent.", "Beagling __knowledge__ A beagle pack (10 or more hounds) is usually followed on foot, and in some limited examples, mounted.", "Beagling __knowledge__ Beagling is often enjoyed by 'retired' fox hunters who have either sustained too many injuries or lost the agility to ride horseback, or who enjoy the outdoors and the camaraderie of the hunt.", "Beagling __knowledge__ It is also traditionally a way for young men and women to learn how to handle hounds on a smaller scale before they go on to hunt with foxhounds.", "Beagling __knowledge__ In the UK and Ireland, the traditional quarry of beagle packs has been the hare.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Edinburgh Beagles was a British ice hockey team that played in the Northern Conference of Division 2 in the British Universities Ice Hockey Association.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They played their home games at Murrayfield Ice Rink in Edinburgh, Scotland and are associated with the Edinburgh Eagles (ice hockey).", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Beagles were formed in 2008 by Richard 'Rambo' Gray; they are an affiliate of the Edinburgh Eagles who were formed in 2003 by Amy Slater.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They are an Ice hockey club that caters primarily to university players.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ They accept players from any higher education institution in Scotland.", "Edinburgh Beagles __knowledge__ The Beagles were formed as an expansion due to the increasing numbers of less experienced players joining the Eagles.", "Cuban carnival __knowledge__ The first African drums were heard in Cuba, since the 16th century, only during the celebration of certain feasts, such as the Día de Reyes (Three Kings Day) and Carnestolendas or Carnival, because their use was restricted to some mutual aid societies, called \"Cabildos de nación\", where the slaves and their descendants were allowed to gather and practice their cultural and religious traditions.", "Cuban carnival __knowledge__ The music and dance of the Cuban Carnival was always very popular in Cuba, and has exerted an important influence in other genres of the Cuban music, such as the \"Conga de Salón\" and the \"Mozambique\" rhythm.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ John Beagles (1844 – 8 January 1907) was an English printer and publisher, especially of real photo postcards, through his company, J. Beagles & Co. John Beagles was born in Whaplode Drove, Lincolnshire, in 1844 to John and Jane Beagles, and christened on 11 June 1844.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ His father was a \"butcher master\".", "John Beagles __knowledge__ In 1861, John Beagles junior was recorded as a \"pupil teacher\".", "John Beagles __knowledge__ In the 1891 census, Beagles was recorded as a \"photographic publisher\" in Nottingham in the household of Thomas William Stevenson, printer, who would later be his executor.", "John Beagles __knowledge__ Later, he traded as J. Beagles & Co. from Little Britain, London, E.C.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ \"Power Rangers Mystic Force\" is the 2006 season of Power Rangers which tells the story of the fight between the Mystic Rangers and the evil Forces of Darkness who are trying to rule over the worlds of mortals and magic.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ The powers of the Mystic Rangers are derived from beings known as the Ancient Titans, creatures with great elemental powers, symbolized by mythological creatures from various Earth mythologies on the Ranger's visors (the creatures being the phoenix, the sprite, the garuda, the minotaur and the mermaid).", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ To date, they are the only team of Rangers to not have some kind of team-up special with another Ranger team in their own season.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ The following is list of characters the appear in the cartoon series, \"Generator Rex\".", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Ricardo \"Rex\" Salazar is a young human-looking E.V.O, but unlike other E.V.O.s, Rex has the ability to control his nanites at will, allowing him to cure other E.V.O.s of their mutations and use his nanites to create a variety of machines on his body and communicate with a variety of machines.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Rex is overconfident, impulsive, and typically, rebellious.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He has a quick wit and is constantly making jokes.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ However, when Rex needs to defend himself, he doesn't hold back.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He prefers to smash anything that gets in his way.", "Shape __knowledge__ A shape is the form of an object or its external boundary, outline, or external surface, as opposed to other properties such as color, texture or material composition.", "Shape __knowledge__ Psychologists have theorized that humans mentally break down images into simple geometric shapes called geons.", "Shape __knowledge__ Examples of geons include cones and spheres.", "Shape __knowledge__ Some simple shapes can be put into broad categories.", "Shape __knowledge__ For instance, polygons are classified according to their number of edges as triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, etc.", "Shape __knowledge__ Each of these is divided into smaller categories; triangles can be equilateral, isosceles, obtuse, acute, scalene, etc." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Beagle __knowledge__ The Beagle is a breed of small hound that is similar in appearance to the much larger foxhound.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is a scent hound, developed primarily for hunting hare.", "Beagle __knowledge__ With a great sense of smell and superior tracking instinct, the beagle is employed as detection dog for prohibited agricultural imports and foodstuffs in quarantine around the world.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is intelligent but single-minded.", "Beagle __knowledge__ It is a popular pet due to its size, good temper, and lack of inherited health problems.", "Beagle __knowledge__ Although beagle-type dogs have existed for 2,500 years, the modern breed was developed in Great Britain around the 1830s from several breeds, including the Talbot Hound, the North Country Beagle, the Southern Hound, and possibly the Harrier.", "Beagle Boys __knowledge__ The Beagle Boys are a group of fictional characters from the Donald Duck universe.", "Beagle Boys __knowledge__ Created by Carl Barks, they are a family clan of organized criminals who constantly try to rob Scrooge McDuck.", "Beagle Boys __knowledge__ Their introduction and first appearance was in \"Terror of the Beagle Boys\" (\"Walt Disney's Comics and Stories\" #134, November 1951), although in this story they only appear in the last frame and have no lines.", "Beagle Boys __knowledge__ They appear again in the next issue in a similar fashion, in \"The Big Bin on Killmotor Hill\" (\"Walt Disney's Comics and Stories\" #135, December 1951).", "Beagle Boys __knowledge__ The Beagle Boys were originally created by Carl Barks, and made their first appearance in the 10-page story \"The Terror of the Beagle Boys\" (WDC #134) that was first published in November 1951.", "Second voyage of HMS Beagle __knowledge__ The second voyage of HMS \"Beagle\", from 27 December 1831 to 2 October 1836, was the second survey expedition of HMS \"Beagle\", under captain Robert FitzRoy who had taken over command of the ship on its first voyage after the previous captain committed suicide.", "Second voyage of HMS Beagle __knowledge__ FitzRoy had already thought of the advantages of having an expert in geology on board, and sought a gentleman naturalist to accompany them as a supernumerary.", "Second voyage of HMS Beagle __knowledge__ The young graduate Charles Darwin had hoped to see the tropics before becoming a parson, and accepted the opportunity.", "Second voyage of HMS Beagle __knowledge__ He was greatly influenced by reading Charles Lyell's \"Principles of Geology\" during the voyage.", "Beagle 2 __knowledge__ The Beagle 2 was a British Mars lander that was transported by the European Space Agency's 2003 \"Mars Express\" mission.", "Beagle 2 __knowledge__ It was an astrobiology mission that would have looked for past life on the shallow surface of Mars.", "Beagle 2 __knowledge__ The spacecraft was successfully deployed from the \"Mars Express\" on 19 December 2003 and was scheduled to land on the surface of Mars on 25 December; however, no contact was received at the expected time of landing on Mars, with the ESA declaring the mission lost in February 2004, after numerous attempts to contact the spacecraft were made.", "Beagle 2 __knowledge__ The \"Beagle 2\" fate remained a mystery until January 2015 when it was located intact on the surface of Mars in a series of images from NASA's \"Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\" HiRISE camera.", "HMS Beagle __knowledge__ HMS \"Beagle\" was a \"Cherokee\"-class 10-gun brig-sloop of the Royal Navy, one of more than 100 ships of this class.", "HMS Beagle __knowledge__ The vessel, constructed at a cost of £7,803 (£ in today's currency), was launched on 11 May 1820 from the Woolwich Dockyard on the River Thames.", "HMS Beagle __knowledge__ In July of that year she took part in a fleet review celebrating the coronation of King George IV of the United Kingdom, and for that occasion is said to have been the first ship to sail completely under the old London Bridge.", "HMS Beagle __knowledge__ There was no immediate need for \"Beagle\" so she \"lay in ordinary\", moored afloat but without masts or rigging.", "HMS Beagle __knowledge__ She was then adapted as a survey barque and took part in three survey expeditions.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ HMS \"Beagle\" was an 18-gun \"Cruizer\"-class brig-sloop of the Royal Navy.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ She was launched in 1804, during the Napoleonic Wars.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ She played a major role in the Battle of the Basque Roads.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ \"Beagle\" was laid up in ordinary in 1813 and sold in 1814.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ \"Beagle\" was commissioned in August 1804 under Commander John Burn, who sailed her to the Mediterranean.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ On 5 December Burn and \"Beagle\" captured the Spanish ship \"Fuenta Hermosa\".", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ Burn was temporarily relieved by Commander George Digby between June and August 1805, after which she joined Sir John Orde’s squadron off Cadiz.", "HMS Beagle (1804) __knowledge__ On 14 January 1805, \"Beagle\" captured the Spanish ship \"Pastora Hermosa\", which was carrying bullion.", "Beagle Channel cartography since 1881 __knowledge__ The region of the Beagle Channel, explored by Robert FitzRoy in the 1830s, was one of the last to be colonized by Chile and Argentina.", "Beagle Channel cartography since 1881 __knowledge__ The cold weather, the long distances from other inhabited regions, and the shortage of transport and subsistence, kept it far from the governmental task.", "Beagle Channel cartography since 1881 __knowledge__ In the maps exhibited in this page it is possible to appreciate the lacking knowledge of the geography by navigators and explorers of the zone and also the statesmen who had to decide on the borders.", "Beagle Channel cartography since 1881 __knowledge__ Nevertheless, when the Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina was signed, in the Beagle Channel zone at least the main islands and waterways were known.", "Havanese dog __knowledge__ The Havanese, a breed of Bichon type, is the national dog of Cuba, developed from the now extinct \"Blanquito de la Habana\" (\"little white dog of Havana\").", "Havanese dog __knowledge__ The \"Blanquito\" descended from the also now extinct Bichon Tenerife.", "Havanese dog __knowledge__ It is believed that the Blanquito was eventually cross-bred with other Bichon types, including the Poodle, to create what is now known as the Havanese.", "Havanese dog __knowledge__ Sometimes referred to as \"Havana Silk Dogs\", this was originally another name for the \"Blanquito de la Habana\".", "Havanese dog __knowledge__ The Havanese is small in size and sturdy in structure with a tail carried over its back and ears that drop and fold.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domesticated species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дмитрий Константинович Беляев, 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Russian geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ His decades-long effort to breed domesticated foxes was described by \"The New York Times\" as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.” Beginning in the 1950s, in order to uncover the genetic basis of the distinctive behavioral and physiological attributes of domesticated animals, Belyayev and his team spent decades breeding the wild silver fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") and selecting for reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans.", "Brittany dog __knowledge__ The Brittany is a breed of gun dog bred primarily for bird hunting.", "Brittany dog __knowledge__ Although it is often referred to as a spaniel, the breed's working characteristics are more akin to those of a pointer or setter.", "Brittany dog __knowledge__ Brittanys were developed in the Brittany province of France between the 17th and 19th centuries, becoming officially recognized early in the 20th.", "Brittany dog __knowledge__ The name \"Brittany\" is taken from the Brittany region in northwestern France where the dog originated.", "Brittany dog __knowledge__ The Images of orange and white Brittany-like dogs hunting and retrieving game were first seen on tapestries and paintings from the 17th century.", "Brittany dog __knowledge__ The first written and verifiable record of Brittanys comes from a hunting description written by Reverend Davies in 1850.", "Red fox __knowledge__ The red fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, North America and Eurasia.", "Red fox __knowledge__ It is listed as least concern by the IUCN.", "Red fox __knowledge__ Its range has increased alongside human expansion, having been introduced to Australia, where it is considered harmful to native mammals and bird populations.", "Red fox __knowledge__ Due to its presence in Australia, it is included among the list of the \"world's 100 worst invasive species\".", "Red fox __knowledge__ The red fox originated from smaller-sized ancestors from Eurasia during the Middle Villafranchian period, and colonised North America shortly after the Wisconsin glaciation." ] ]

[ 12, 18, 0, 13, 9 ]

[ "I love beagles as well due to his intelligence.", "I have! because of it's size it is a great pet. What about you?", "It was great! And mine got along very well with my havanese even though it is a completely different shape , size and color. ", "Only in that theyre both good dogs. The Havanese is small in size and has floppy ears. ", "Yep! Have you had any other types of dogs?" ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Blond\nI have blond hair, what do you think of people with that hair color?", "What is eumelanin? I like it, but sometimes I need a change, plus it gets thick.", "Oh that is interesting. Never heard of that word before. If I ever want to change the color I usually have to dye it all or it looks funny.", "Yes, there are many different colors of blond. I prefer strawberry blond, but I can't really pull that off with my skin tone" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the hair color.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ The main reasons for this are cosmetic: to cover gray or white hair, to change to a color regarded as more fashionable or desirable, to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring can be done professionally by a hairdresser or independently at home.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Today, hair coloring is very popular, with 75% of women and 18% of men living in Copenhagen having reported using hair dye according to a study by the University of Copenhagen.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ At home coloring in the United States reached $1.9 billion in 2011 and is expected to raise to $2.2 billion by 2016.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ European Mexicans are Mexican citizens of complete or predominant European descent.", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ While the Mexican government periodically conducts racial censuses for \"Indigenous Mexicans\" and \"Afro-Mexicans\" it has not conducted a census for European Mexicans for nearly a century.", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ Estimates of this ethnic group as a segment of the country's population range from 9% and 20% according to \"The World Factbook\" and Encyclopædia Britannica to as high as 47% according to the ENADIS 2010 (National Survey About Discrimination), conducted by the CONAPRED (National Council to Prevent Discrimination) as a mean to address the problems of racism that Mexicans of mainly Indigenous or African ancestry suffer at hands of a society that favors light skinned, European looking Mexicans.", "List of unidentified decedents in the United States __knowledge__ An unidentified decedent, or UID, is a deceased person whose legal identity is unable to be determined by law enforcement.", "List of unidentified decedents in the United States __knowledge__ Although the majority of individuals are identified soon after their bodies are recovered, it is not uncommon for bodies to remain unidentified for years or even decades.", "List of unidentified decedents in the United States __knowledge__ There are approximately 40,000 unidentified decedents in the United States at any given time.", "List of unidentified decedents in the United States __knowledge__ A deceased body can be identified in several different ways.", "List of unidentified decedents in the United States __knowledge__ Most commonly, a relative of the deceased identifies the body by sight.", "List of unidentified decedents in the United States __knowledge__ However, if a body is decomposed, skeletal, or unrecognizable due to severe facial trauma at the time of recovery, other methods must be used.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is the second most common human hair color, after black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It varies from light brown to almost black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ People with brown hair are often referred to as brunette, which in French is the feminine form of \"brunet,\" the diminutive of \"brun\" (brown, brown-haired or dark-haired).", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is common among populations in the Western world, especially among those from Central Europe, Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Cone, the United States, and also some populations in the Greater Middle East where it transitions smoothly into black hair." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin (; from \"melas\", \"black, dark\") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin is produced by the oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine, followed by polymerization.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes.", "Melanin __knowledge__ There are three basic types of melanin: eumelanin, pheomelanin, and neuromelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The most common type is eumelanin, of which there are two types—brown eumelanin and black eumelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Pheomelanin is a cysteine that contains red polymer of benzothiazine units largely responsible for red hair, among other pigmentation.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Equine coat color genetics determine a horse's coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ There are many different coat colors possible, but all colors are produced by the action of only a few genes.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The combination of the extension and agouti loci determine the base coat of a horse.Bay is the original \"wild type\" color of horses.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Ancient remains of horses were tested to be of bay base coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The Dun test was not available at the time, but those horses were also dun.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ (EE AA DD) Red horses were created with a modification of the extension locus.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Dominant extension mutated into a recessive form.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ When the horse is homozygous for recessive extension (or ee), the horse's base coat will be red.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular breed of dog) has been studied in detail, and found to depend on several distinct genes.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The interplay between these genes is broadly used as an example of epistasis.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ Labrador Retrievers are a popular breed of dog in many countries.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ There are three recognised colours, black, chocolate, and yellow, that result from the interplay among genes that direct production and expression of two pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin, in the fur and skin of the dog.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is the second most common human hair color, after black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It varies from light brown to almost black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ People with brown hair are often referred to as brunette, which in French is the feminine form of \"brunet,\" the diminutive of \"brun\" (brown, brown-haired or dark-haired).", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is common among populations in the Western world, especially among those from Central Europe, Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Cone, the United States, and also some populations in the Greater Middle East where it transitions smoothly into black hair.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ Dark skin is a naturally occurring human skin color that is rich in eumelanin pigments and having a dark color.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ People with relatively dark skin are referred to as brown, and those with very dark skin are often referred to as black, although this usage can be ambiguous in some countries where it is also used to specifically refer to different ethnic groups or populations.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ The evolution of dark skin is believed to have begun around 1.2 million years ago, in light-skinned early hominid species after they moved from the equatorial rainforest to the sunny savannas.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ In the heat of the savannas, better cooling mechanisms were required, which were achieved through the loss of body hair and development of more efficient perspiration.", "Light skin __knowledge__ Light skin is a naturally occurring human skin color, which has little eumelanin pigmentation and which has been adapted to environments of low UV radiation.", "Light skin __knowledge__ Light skin is most commonly found amongst the native populations of Europe and Northeast Asia as measured through skin reflectance.", "Light skin __knowledge__ People with light skin pigmentation are often referred to as \"white\" or \"fair\", although these usages can be ambiguous in some countries where they are used to refer specifically to certain ethnic groups or populations.", "Light skin __knowledge__ It has been hypothesized that dark skin pigmentation was the original condition for the genus \"Homo\", including \"Homo sapiens\".", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Blonde stereotypes are stereotypes of blond haired people, especially women.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Its sub-types include blonde bombshell and dumb blonde.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Blondes are differently stereotyped from brunettes as more desirable and less intelligent.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ There are many blonde jokes made on those premises.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Although said jokes are chiefly aimed at women, there have been blonde stereotypes sometimes associated with men, such as \"dumb jocks\" or \"surfer dudes\".", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ There are several aspects to the stereotypical perception of blonde-haired women.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ On one hand, over history, blonde hair in women has often been considered attractive and desirable." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin (; from \"melas\", \"black, dark\") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin is produced by the oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine, followed by polymerization.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes.", "Melanin __knowledge__ There are three basic types of melanin: eumelanin, pheomelanin, and neuromelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The most common type is eumelanin, of which there are two types—brown eumelanin and black eumelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Pheomelanin is a cysteine that contains red polymer of benzothiazine units largely responsible for red hair, among other pigmentation.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular breed of dog) has been studied in detail, and found to depend on several distinct genes.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The interplay between these genes is broadly used as an example of epistasis.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ Labrador Retrievers are a popular breed of dog in many countries.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ There are three recognised colours, black, chocolate, and yellow, that result from the interplay among genes that direct production and expression of two pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin, in the fur and skin of the dog.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Equine coat color genetics determine a horse's coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ There are many different coat colors possible, but all colors are produced by the action of only a few genes.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The combination of the extension and agouti loci determine the base coat of a horse.Bay is the original \"wild type\" color of horses.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Ancient remains of horses were tested to be of bay base coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The Dun test was not available at the time, but those horses were also dun.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ (EE AA DD) Red horses were created with a modification of the extension locus.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Dominant extension mutated into a recessive form.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ When the horse is homozygous for recessive extension (or ee), the horse's base coat will be red.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is the second most common human hair color, after black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It varies from light brown to almost black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ People with brown hair are often referred to as brunette, which in French is the feminine form of \"brunet,\" the diminutive of \"brun\" (brown, brown-haired or dark-haired).", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is common among populations in the Western world, especially among those from Central Europe, Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Cone, the United States, and also some populations in the Greater Middle East where it transitions smoothly into black hair.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is a composite color.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions.", "Brown __knowledge__ The brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.", "Brown __knowledge__ According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; the color is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "Human skin color __knowledge__ Human skin color ranges in variety from the darkest brown to the lightest hues.", "Human skin color __knowledge__ An individual's skin pigmentation is the result of genetics, being the product of both of the individual's biological parents' genetic makeup.", "Human skin color __knowledge__ In evolution, skin pigmentation in human beings evolved by a process of natural selection primarily to regulate the amount of ultraviolet radiation penetrating the skin, controlling its biochemical effects.", "Human skin color __knowledge__ The actual skin color of different humans is affected by many substances, although the single most important substance is the pigment melanin.", "Human skin color __knowledge__ Melanin is produced within the skin in cells called melanocytes and it is the main determinant of the skin color of darker-skinned humans.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ Andy Russell (born Andrés Rábago; September 16, 1919 – April 16, 1992) was an American popular vocalist, actor, and entertainer of Mexican descent, specializing in traditional pop and Latin music.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He sold 8 million records in the 1940s singing in a romantic, baritone voice and in his trademark bilingual English and Spanish style.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He had chart-busters, such as \"Bésame Mucho,\" \"Amor,\" and \"What a Diff'rence a Day Made.\"", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He also made personal appearances and performed on radio programs, most notably \"Your Hit Parade\", in several movies, and on television.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ During this initial phase of his career, his popularity in the United States rivaled that of crooners Frank Sinatra and Perry Como.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ In California, there are many murder victims in the category of unidentified decedents, whose identities remain unknown.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ In most of these cases, their murderer has never been identified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ The body of a black male was located on February 9, 1968 in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ The victim was a young man, who was older than eighteen when he was shot to death.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ The John Doe was tall, approximately six feet three inches tall and weighed 156 pounds with black hair and brown eyes.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ His frame was noticeably thin.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ He was wearing a green sweater over a green turtle neck shirt.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ Blue pants, a brown leather belt, green socks, white boxers and gray shoes were also worn by the decedent.", "The Strawberry Blonde __knowledge__ The Strawberry Blonde is a 1941 Warner Bros. feature film directed by Raoul Walsh, starring James Cagney and Olivia de Havilland, and featuring Rita Hayworth, Alan Hale, Jack Carson and George Tobias.", "The Strawberry Blonde __knowledge__ The picture was nominated for an Academy Award in 1941 for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture and features songs such as \"The Band Played On\", \"Bill Bailey\", \"Meet Me in St. Louis, Louie,\" \"Wait Till The Sun Shines Nellie,\" and \"Love Me and the World Is Mine.\"", "The Strawberry Blonde __knowledge__ The title is most often listed beginning with the word The, but the film's posters and promotional materials call it simply Strawberry Blonde.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Blonde stereotypes are stereotypes of blond haired people, especially women.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Its sub-types include blonde bombshell and dumb blonde.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Blondes are differently stereotyped from brunettes as more desirable and less intelligent.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ There are many blonde jokes made on those premises.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Although said jokes are chiefly aimed at women, there have been blonde stereotypes sometimes associated with men, such as \"dumb jocks\" or \"surfer dudes\".", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ There are several aspects to the stereotypical perception of blonde-haired women.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ On one hand, over history, blonde hair in women has often been considered attractive and desirable.", "Blonde versus brunette rivalry __knowledge__ One aspect of how women are portrayed in popular culture is a purported rivalry between blondes and brunettes.", "Blonde versus brunette rivalry __knowledge__ The rivalry is a cultural phenomenon found in many countries that have significant populations of both blondes and brunettes to include: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, New Zealand, the Republic of Ireland, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.", "Blonde versus brunette rivalry __knowledge__ In the United States, evidence of a blonde versus brunette rivalry is common in the popular media and especially in television and film.", "Blonde versus brunette rivalry __knowledge__ The tension between blondes and brunettes dates back to at least ancient Greece where women with blonde hair were prized for their beauty and other women used chemical formulas to lighten their dark hair as a means of heightening their sexual attractivness with men.", "Strawberry Blonde (band) __knowledge__ Strawberry Blonde is a Danish singer / songwriter duo from Odense on Funen, consisting of the twins Betina and Anja Følleslev (born April 19, 1979).", "Strawberry Blonde (band) __knowledge__ The name of the group comes from their natural hair color which is sandy or as some calls it Strawberry Blonde.", "Strawberry Blonde (band) __knowledge__ Since 2004 the group has performed at smaller and larger concerts in Denmark and abroad, they appear about 60 times a year.", "Strawberry Blonde (band) __knowledge__ Strawberry Blonde really came to live in 2001 when the group got a record deal and recorded a studio album with producer Amir Aly in Malmö.", "Strawberry Blonde (band) __knowledge__ The album was never released.", "Strawberry Blonde (band) __knowledge__ Betina is a trained clothing designer, has a B.A.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962) was an American actress, model and singer.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Famous for playing comic \"blonde bombshell\" characters, she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s and was emblematic of the era's attitudes towards sexuality.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Although she was a top-billed actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ More than half a century later, she continues to be considered a major popular culture icon.", "Marilyn Monroe __knowledge__ Born and raised in Los Angeles, Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes and an orphanage and married at the age of sixteen." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 3, 0 ]

[ "Sometimes I wish I had blonde hair, or fair hair. They have low levels of eumelanin. ", "Eumelanin is just a dark pigment that humans have to give hue to hair.", "I think blondes are interesting because the color can be anywhere from very pale to reddish or strawberry blonde, or even a golden sandy blonde.", "What color of blonde do you have?" ]

[ "Blond", "Blond", "Blond", "Blond" ]

[ "Dog\nHello, I love dogs. I have a blue heeler named Tigger. Do you have a dog?", "Yes, Tiggers are quite awesome! I am looking forward to the new Pooh movie. How old are your dogs?", "That's great to hear. My dog is a rescue as well. He is now 8 but doesn't let his age hinder his bounciness!", "Yes. You can't take the wild out of some breeds. I can sense the dingo at times in my heeler! Do you know how long ago people domesticated dogs?", "Wow. It must have been crazy to be the first one to try to domesticate a wild wolf. I wonder how many people got a bite!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "Halls Heeler __knowledge__ The Halls Heeler was a dog bred by Thomas Simpson Hall to herd cattle on the Hall family's extensive properties in north-western New South Wales in the 19th century.", "Halls Heeler __knowledge__ On \"Dartbrook Station\", in the Upper Hunter Valley, Hall selectively crossed the offspring of Northumberland Drover's Dogs (Border Collie lineage) that he had imported, with progeny of dingoes that he had tamed.", "Halls Heeler __knowledge__ By 1840 he had bred the type of dog that he needed to control cattle on the massive runs that his family owned, and until he died in 1870 few of these dogs were owned and used by anyone outside the Hall family and their workers.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Tigger __knowledge__ Tigger is a fictional tiger character originally introduced in A.", "Tigger __knowledge__ A. Milne's book \"The House at Pooh Corner.\"", "Tigger __knowledge__ Like other Pooh characters, Tigger is based on one of Christopher Robin Milne's stuffed toy animals.", "Tigger __knowledge__ Tigger appears in the Disney cartoon versions of Winnie the Pooh and has also appeared in his own film.", "Tigger __knowledge__ He is known for his distinctive orange and black stripes, large eyes, a long chin, a springy tail, and his love of bouncing.", "Tigger __knowledge__ As he says himself, \"Bouncing is what Tiggers do best.\"", "Tigger __knowledge__ Tigger never refers to himself as a tiger, but as a \"Tigger\".", "Tigger __knowledge__ Tigger is introduced in Chapter II of \"House at Pooh Corner\", when he arrives at Winnie-the-Pooh's doorstep in the middle of the night, announcing himself with a stylised roar.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ The discography of James Blundell consists of eight studio albums, the first in 1989 and the latest in 2007.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ 1.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Dancers (A. Christensen) 2.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Rainbows (Alan Caswell) 3.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Another Saturday Night (Sam Cooke) 4.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Kimberley Moon (J. Blundell/Doug Trevor) 5.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Bandy (Slack-Smith/Garth Porter) 6.. A Fool Such As I (B.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Trader) 7.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ The Great Divide (G.Porter/J.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Blundell) 8.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Texas (J. Blundell/D.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Trevor) 9.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Cloncurry Cattle Song (J. Blundell/M.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Hickson) 10.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Perfect World - with Donna Fisk (Chris Stockley) 1.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Age Of Grace (J. Blundell) 2.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Time On His Hands (J. Blundell/D.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ McCumpstie/G.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ Porter) 3.", "James Blundell discography __knowledge__ The Blue Heeler (J. Blundell) 4.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the Winnie-the-Pooh books and the Disney adaptations of the series.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ Winnie-the-Pooh, or Pooh for short, is an anthropomorphic, soft-voiced, cuddly, loveable and quiet toy bear and the main protagonist.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ Despite being naïve and slow-witted, he is a friendly, thoughtful and sometimes insightful character who is always willing to help his friends and try his best.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ A prime motivation is his love for honey, which quite often leads to trouble.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ In the books, Pooh is a talented poet, and the stories are frequently punctuated by his poems and \"hums.\"", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ He is humble about his slow-wittedness, but comfortable with his creative gifts.", "The Tigger Movie __knowledge__ The Tigger Movie is a 2000 American animated musical comedy-drama film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and animation production by Walt Disney Animation (Japan), Inc., screenplay and directed by Jun Falkenstein from a story by Eddie Guzelian.", "The Tigger Movie __knowledge__ It is the second theatrical \"Winnie the Pooh\" film after \"The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh\" and features Pooh's friend Tigger searching for his family tree and other Tiggers like himself.", "The Tigger Movie __knowledge__ The film was the first feature-length theatrical Pooh film that was not a collection of previously released shorts.", "The Tigger Movie __knowledge__ This is also the first film in the original films where Tigger is voiced by Jim Cummings (who also voices Pooh); Tigger's original voice actor Paul Winchell, officially retired from the role in 1999 after \"A Valentine for You\" and died in 2005." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Winnie the Pooh (franchise) __knowledge__ Winnie the Pooh is a fictional character based on A.", "Winnie the Pooh (franchise) __knowledge__ A. Milne's \"Winnie-the-Pooh\" stories.", "Winnie the Pooh (franchise) __knowledge__ The Disney media franchise commenced in 1966 with the theatrical release of the short \"Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree\".", "Winnie the Pooh (franchise) __knowledge__ In the midst of a 2003 battle where Disney stood to lose commercial rights to Winnie the Pooh, \"The Daily Telegraph\" noted \"Losing control of the Winnie the Pooh franchise would be a disaster for Disney.", "Winnie the Pooh (franchise) __knowledge__ Analysts believe Pooh is worth $3bn-$6bn of Disney's total annual sales of $25bn.\"", "Winnie the Pooh (franchise) __knowledge__ According to a 2013 Variety article, Winnie the Pooh is the third best-selling franchise in the world, after Disney's own Disney Princess and \"Star Wars\".", "Tigger __knowledge__ Tigger is a fictional tiger character originally introduced in A.", "Tigger __knowledge__ A. Milne's book \"The House at Pooh Corner.\"", "Tigger __knowledge__ Like other Pooh characters, Tigger is based on one of Christopher Robin Milne's stuffed toy animals.", "Tigger __knowledge__ Tigger appears in the Disney cartoon versions of Winnie the Pooh and has also appeared in his own film.", "Tigger __knowledge__ He is known for his distinctive orange and black stripes, large eyes, a long chin, a springy tail, and his love of bouncing.", "Tigger __knowledge__ As he says himself, \"Bouncing is what Tiggers do best.\"", "Tigger __knowledge__ Tigger never refers to himself as a tiger, but as a \"Tigger\".", "Tigger __knowledge__ Tigger is introduced in Chapter II of \"House at Pooh Corner\", when he arrives at Winnie-the-Pooh's doorstep in the middle of the night, announcing himself with a stylised roar.", "The Tigger Movie __knowledge__ The Tigger Movie is a 2000 American animated musical comedy-drama film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and animation production by Walt Disney Animation (Japan), Inc., screenplay and directed by Jun Falkenstein from a story by Eddie Guzelian.", "The Tigger Movie __knowledge__ It is the second theatrical \"Winnie the Pooh\" film after \"The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh\" and features Pooh's friend Tigger searching for his family tree and other Tiggers like himself.", "The Tigger Movie __knowledge__ The film was the first feature-length theatrical Pooh film that was not a collection of previously released shorts.", "The Tigger Movie __knowledge__ This is also the first film in the original films where Tigger is voiced by Jim Cummings (who also voices Pooh); Tigger's original voice actor Paul Winchell, officially retired from the role in 1999 after \"A Valentine for You\" and died in 2005.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the Winnie-the-Pooh books and the Disney adaptations of the series.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ Winnie-the-Pooh, or Pooh for short, is an anthropomorphic, soft-voiced, cuddly, loveable and quiet toy bear and the main protagonist.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ Despite being naïve and slow-witted, he is a friendly, thoughtful and sometimes insightful character who is always willing to help his friends and try his best.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ A prime motivation is his love for honey, which quite often leads to trouble.", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ In the books, Pooh is a talented poet, and the stories are frequently punctuated by his poems and \"hums.\"", "List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters __knowledge__ He is humble about his slow-wittedness, but comfortable with his creative gifts.", "Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day __knowledge__ Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day is a 1968 animated featurette based on the third, fifth, ninth, and tenth chapters from \"Winnie-the-Pooh\" and the second, eighth, and ninth chapters from \"The House at Pooh Corner\" by A.", "Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day __knowledge__ A. Milne.", "Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day __knowledge__ The featurette was produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by Buena Vista Distribution Company on December 20, 1968 as a double feature with \"The Horse in the Gray Flannel Suit\".", "Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day __knowledge__ This was the second of the studio's Winnie the Pooh shorts.", "Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day __knowledge__ It was later added as a segment to the 1977 film \"The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh\".", "Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day __knowledge__ The music was written by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman.", "Winnie the Pooh (Disney character) __knowledge__ Winnie the Pooh is a fictional character and the title character from the Disney media franchise based on A.", "Winnie the Pooh (Disney character) __knowledge__ A. Milne's \"Winnie-the-Pooh\" (1926) and \"The House at Pooh Corner\" (1928).", "Winnie the Pooh (Disney character) __knowledge__ Pooh is one of the most popular Disney characters and was included in TV Guide's list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time in 2002 and also has his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Winnie the Pooh (Disney character) __knowledge__ Disney's Pooh was originally voiced by Sterling Holloway (1966–1977) in three featurettes that were later used as segments in \"The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh\" (1977).", "Winnie the Pooh (Disney character) __knowledge__ Hal Smith (1980–1987) took over for the 1981 short \"Winnie the Pooh Discovers the Seasons\", and would maintain the role until Jim Cummings (1988–present) began voicing Pooh in the animated series \"The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh\" (1988–1991).", "The Wonderful Thing About Tiggers __knowledge__ \"The Wonderful Thing About Tiggers\" is the theme song and personal anthem of Tigger, a fictional tiger from the children's book series Winnie-the-Pooh.", "The Wonderful Thing About Tiggers __knowledge__ Although Tigger's birthday is believed to be in October 1928, the year that \"The House at Pooh Corner\" was first published, on Tigger-related merchandise, Disney often indicates Tigger's birth year as 1968, a reference to the first year that Tigger appeared in a Disney production, \"Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day\".", "The Wonderful Thing About Tiggers __knowledge__ That was also the same instance when Tigger first sang this song.", "The Wonderful Thing About Tiggers __knowledge__ The song is repeated in Disney's 1974 release \"Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too!", "Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin __knowledge__ Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin (also known as Winnie the Pooh's Most Grand Adventure in some countries) is a 1997 American direct-to-video animated epic musical adventure film directed by Karl Geurs.", "Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin __knowledge__ The film follows Pooh and his friends on a journey to find and rescue their friend Christopher Robin from the \"Skull\".", "Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin __knowledge__ Along the way, the group confront their own insecurities throughout the search, facing and conquering them in a series of events where they are forced to act beyond their own known limits, thus discovering their true potential.", "Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin __knowledge__ Unlike the film's predecessors, this film is an entirely original story, not based on any of A.", "Winnie-the-Pooh __knowledge__ Winnie-the-Pooh, also called Pooh Bear, is a fictional anthropomorphic teddy bear created by English author A.", "Winnie-the-Pooh __knowledge__ A. Milne.", "Winnie-the-Pooh __knowledge__ The first collection of stories about the character was the book \"Winnie-the-Pooh\" (1926), and this was followed by \"The House at Pooh Corner\" (1928).", "Winnie-the-Pooh __knowledge__ Milne also included a poem about the bear in the children's verse book \"When We Were Very Young\" (1924) and many more in \"Now We Are Six\" (1927).", "Winnie-the-Pooh __knowledge__ All four volumes were illustrated by E. H. Shepard.", "Winnie-the-Pooh __knowledge__ The Pooh stories have been translated into many languages, including Alexander Lenard's Latin translation, \"Winnie ille Pu\", which was first published in 1958, and, in 1960, became the only Latin book ever to have been featured on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list.", "Christopher Robin __knowledge__ Christopher Robin is a character created by A.", "Christopher Robin __knowledge__ A. Milne.", "Christopher Robin __knowledge__ He appears in Milne's popular books of poetry and Winnie-the-Pooh stories and is named after Christopher Robin Milne, the author's son.", "Christopher Robin __knowledge__ The character has subsequently appeared in Disney cartoons.", "Christopher Robin __knowledge__ Christopher Robin appears in Milne's poems and in the two books: \"Winnie-the-Pooh\" (1926) and \"The House at Pooh Corner\" (1928).", "Christopher Robin __knowledge__ In the books he is a young boy and one of Winnie-the-Pooh's best friends.", "Christopher Robin __knowledge__ His other friends are Eeyore, Kanga, and Roo, Rabbit, Piglet, Owl, and Tigger.", "Christopher Robin __knowledge__ In the second book, there are hints that Christopher Robin is growing up.", "Winnie the Pooh (2011 film) __knowledge__ Winnie the Pooh is a 2011 American animated musical film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Winnie the Pooh (2011 film) __knowledge__ It is the 51st Disney animated feature film.", "Winnie the Pooh (2011 film) __knowledge__ Inspired by A.", "Winnie the Pooh (2011 film) __knowledge__ A. Milne's stories of the same name, the film is part of Disney's \"Winnie the Pooh\" franchise, the fifth theatrical \"Winnie the Pooh\" film released, and Walt Disney Animation Studios' second adaptation of \"Winnie-the-Pooh\" stories.", "Winnie the Pooh (2011 film) __knowledge__ Jim Cummings reprises his vocal roles as Winnie the Pooh and Tigger, while series newcomers Travis Oates, Tom Kenny, Craig Ferguson, Bud Luckey, and Kristen Anderson-Lopez provide the voices of Piglet, Rabbit, Owl, Eeyore, and Kanga, respectively." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Search Guard Successor Foundation __knowledge__ The is a fictional organization in the Japanese Super Sentai series \"GoGo Sentai Boukenger\" that collects hidden treasures that have suddenly begun to disappear all over the world.", "Search Guard Successor Foundation __knowledge__ These treasures include relics from early civilizations, sunken ships, unexplored regions, and fossils of animals long gone, all of which are called \"Precious\".", "Search Guard Successor Foundation __knowledge__ The S.G.S.", "Search Guard Successor Foundation __knowledge__ discovered these Precious and organized a secret team to defend them from those who wish to use the relics' powers.", "Search Guard Successor Foundation __knowledge__ was once an enthusiastic treasure-hunter known as the , the tragic deaths of his partners Kyoko and Masaki in a blaze trap made him retire, only to be hired by SGS.", "Polar seas __knowledge__ Polar seas is a collective term for the Arctic Ocean (about 4-5 percent of Earth's oceans) and the southern part of the Southern Ocean (south of Antarctic Convergence, about 10 percent of Earth's oceans).", "Polar seas __knowledge__ In the coldest years, sea ice can cover around 13 percent of the Earth's total surface at its maximum, but out of phase in the two hemispheres.", "Polar seas __knowledge__ The polar seas contain a huge biome with many organisms.", "Polar seas __knowledge__ Among the species that inhabit various polar seas and surrounding land areas are polar bear, reindeer (caribou), muskox, wolverine, ermine, lemming, Arctic hare, Arctic ground squirrel, whale, harp seal, and walrus.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" is a twelve-bar blues song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Recorded originally by Willie Mae \"Big Mama\" Thornton on August 13, 1952, in Los Angeles and released by Peacock Records in late February 1953, \"Hound Dog\" was Thornton's only hit record, selling over 500,000 copies, spending 14 weeks in the R&B charts, including seven weeks at number one.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Thornton's recording of \"Hound Dog\" is listed as one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's \"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\", and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in February 2013.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" has been recorded more than 250 times.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Ewan McGregor __knowledge__ Ewan Gordon McGregor (; born 31 March 1971) is a Scottish actor, known internationally for his various film roles, including independent dramas, science-fiction epics, and musicals.", "Ewan McGregor __knowledge__ McGregor's first professional role was in 1993, when he won a leading role in the British Channel 4 series \"Lipstick on Your Collar\".", "Ewan McGregor __knowledge__ Some of his most well-known roles include heroin addict Mark Renton in the drama films \"Trainspotting\" (1996) and \"T2 Trainspotting\" (2017), Jedi Obi-Wan Kenobi in the \"Star Wars\" prequel trilogy (1999–2005), poet Christian in the musical film \"Moulin Rouge!\"", "Ewan McGregor __knowledge__ (2001), young Edward Bloom in \"Big Fish\" (2003), Rodney Copperbottom in \"Robots\" (2005), Camerlengo Father Patrick McKenna in \"Angels and Demons\" (2009), \"the ghost\" in Roman Polanski's political thriller \"The Ghost Writer\" (2010), Dr. Alfred Jones in the romantic comedy-drama \"Salmon Fishing in the Yemen\" (2011), and Lumière in a live-action adaptation of the musical romantic fantasy \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017).", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Trainspotting (film) __knowledge__ Trainspotting is a 1996 British black comedy film directed by Danny Boyle and starring Ewan McGregor, Ewen Bremner, Jonny Lee Miller, Kevin McKidd, Robert Carlyle, and Kelly Macdonald in her acting debut.", "Trainspotting (film) __knowledge__ Based on the novel of the same name by Irvine Welsh, the film was released in the United Kingdom on 23 February 1996.", "Trainspotting (film) __knowledge__ The Academy Award nominated screenplay by John Hodge follows a group of heroin addicts in an economically depressed area of Edinburgh and their passage through life.", "Trainspotting (film) __knowledge__ Beyond drug addiction, other themes in the film are exploration of the urban poverty and squalor in \"culturally rich\" Edinburgh.", "Obi-Wan Kenobi __knowledge__ Obi-Wan \"Ben\" Kenobi is a fictional character in the \"Star Wars\" franchise.", "Obi-Wan Kenobi __knowledge__ Within the original trilogy he is portrayed by Alec Guinness, while in the prequel trilogy a younger version of the character is portrayed by Ewan McGregor.", "Obi-Wan Kenobi __knowledge__ In the original trilogy, he is a mentor to Luke Skywalker, to whom he introduces the ways of the Jedi.", "Obi-Wan Kenobi __knowledge__ In the prequel trilogy, he is a master and friend to Anakin Skywalker.", "Obi-Wan Kenobi __knowledge__ He is frequently featured as a main character in various other \"Star Wars\" media.", "Obi-Wan Kenobi __knowledge__ Guinness's portrayal of Obi-Wan in the original \"Star Wars\" (1977) remains the only time an actor has received an Academy Award nomination (Best Supporting Actor) for acting in a \"Star Wars\" film.", "Long Way Round __knowledge__ Long Way Round (\"LWR\") is a British television series, DVD set and book documenting the journey of Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman from London to New York City on motorcycles.", "Long Way Round __knowledge__ They travelled eastwards through Europe and Asia, flew to Alaska, and continued on by road to New York.", "Long Way Round __knowledge__ The series aired on Sky 1 from 18 October 2004 – 1 February 2005.", "Long Way Round __knowledge__ From 14 April 2004 to 29 July 2004, Ewan McGregor, Charley Boorman, motorcycle riding cameraman Claudio von Planta, along with director/producers David Alexanian and Russ Malkin, travelled from London to New York City via Western and Central Europe, Ukraine, Western Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Siberia and Canada, over a cumulative distance of .", "Salmon Fishing in the Yemen __knowledge__ Salmon Fishing in the Yemen is a 2011 British romantic comedy-drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Ewan McGregor, Emily Blunt, Kristin Scott Thomas and Amr Waked.", "Salmon Fishing in the Yemen __knowledge__ Based on the 2007 novel of the same name by Paul Torday, and a screenplay by Simon Beaufoy, the film is about a fisheries expert who is recruited by a consultant to help realize a sheikh's vision of bringing the sport of fly fishing to the Yemen desert, initiating an upstream journey of faith to make the impossible possible.", "Salmon Fishing in the Yemen __knowledge__ The film was shot on location in London, Scotland, and Morocco from August to October 2010.", "Salmon Fishing in the Yemen __knowledge__ The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival.", "Big Fish __knowledge__ Big Fish is a 2003 American fantasy comedy-drama film based on the 1998 by Daniel Wallace.", "Big Fish __knowledge__ The film was directed by Tim Burton and stars Ewan McGregor, Albert Finney, Billy Crudup, Jessica Lange, and Marion Cotillard.", "Big Fish __knowledge__ Other roles are performed by Steve Buscemi, Helena Bonham Carter, Matthew McGrory, Alison Lohman, and Danny DeVito among others.", "Big Fish __knowledge__ Edward Bloom (Finney), a former traveling salesman in the Southern United States with a gift for storytelling, is now confined to his deathbed.", "Big Fish __knowledge__ Will (Crudup), his estranged son, attempts to mend their relationship as Bloom relates tall tales of his eventful life as a young adult (portrayed by McGregor in the flashback scenes)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ A dingo–dog hybrid is a cross between a dingo and a domestic dog.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ The current population of free ranging domestic dogs in Australia is now probably higher than in the past.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ However, the proportion of the so-called \"pure\" dingoes (dogs with exclusively dingo-ancestry) has been in the decrease over the last few decades due to hybridisation and is regarded as further decreasing.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ Because of this ongoing interbreeding of dingoes and other domestic dogs and the resulting hybrids, there is a much wider range of colours and body shapes today among the Australian wild dog population than in the time before the human introduction of domestic dogs.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ The taxon dingo refers to the native dog found in Australia but may at times also refer to some similar dogs native to peninsular and island southeast Asia and neighboring regions, such as the New Guinea singing dog.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ The genetic evidence indicates that the \"dingo\" clade originated from East Asian domestic dogs and was introduced through the Southeast Asian archipelago into Australia, with a common ancestry between the Australian dingo and the New Guinea singing dog.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in his \"Systema Naturae\" the taxonomic classification of species.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ \"Canis\" is a Latin word meaning dog, and under this genus he listed the dog-like carnivores including domestic dogs, wolves, and jackals.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The biological family Canidae The cat-like feliforms and dog-like caniforms emerged within the Carnivoramorpha 43 million years before present.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The caniforms included the fox-like genus \"Leptocyon\" whose various species existed from 34 million years before present before branching 11.9 million YBP into Vulpini (foxes) and Canini (canines).", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied human beings over extended periods of time.", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids vary in size from the 2-m-long (6 ft 7 in) gray wolf to the 24-cm-long (9.4 in) fennec fox.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions.", "Coyote __knowledge__ The coyote (\"Canis latrans\"); from Nahuatl ) is a canine native to North America.", "Coyote __knowledge__ It is smaller than its close relative, the gray wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf.", "Coyote __knowledge__ It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia, though it is larger and more predatory, and is sometimes called the \"American jackal\" by zoologists.", "Coyote __knowledge__ The coyote is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature due to its wide distribution and abundance throughout North America, southwards through Mexico, and into Central America.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ Although wolf attacks do occur, their frequency varies with geographical location and historical period.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ Gray wolf attacks are rare because wolves are often subsequently killed, or even extirpated in reaction by human beings.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ As a result, wolves today tend to live mostly far from people or have developed the tendency and ability to avoid them.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ The country with the most extensive historical records is France, where nearly 7,600 fatal attacks were documented from 1200–1920.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ In modern times, they occur most often in India and neighboring countries.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ There are few historical records or modern cases of wolf attacks in North America.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ The dire wolf (\"Canis dirus\", \"fearsome dog\") is an extinct species of the genus \"Canis\".", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ It is one of the most famous prehistoric carnivores in North America, along with its extinct competitor, the sabre-toothed cat \"Smilodon fatalis\".", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ The dire wolf lived in the Americas during the Late Pleistocene epoch (125,000–10,000 years ago).", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ The species was named in 1858, four years after the first specimen had been found.", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ Two subspecies are recognized, these being \"Canis dirus guildayi\" and \"Canis dirus dirus\".", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ The dire wolf probably evolved from Armbruster's wolf (\"Canis armbrusteri\") in North America.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ Although horses appeared in Paleolithic cave art as early as 30,000 BCE, these were wild horses and were probably hunted for meat.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ How and when horses became domesticated is disputed.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ The clearest evidence of early use of the horse as a means of transport is from chariot burials dated c. 2000 BCE.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ However, an increasing amount of evidence supports the hypothesis that horses were domesticated in the Eurasian Steppes approximately 3500 BCE; recent discoveries in the context of the Botai culture suggest that Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan are the location of the earliest domestication of the horse.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domesticated species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics." ] ]

[ 23, 7, 1, 18, 17 ]

[ "I have two! One named Benjamin and one named Sinatra. Tigger is hands down the coolest fictional cat there is. My parents called me Christopher Robin as a child due to similarities in appearance", "Right? Ewan Mcgregor is the man, hes got pipes too, he was in a musical in the early 2000s. My dogs are very therapeutic, they're both rescues and they're 4 years old!", "It's crazy because there are many domestic dogs that are genetically STILL wolf canids.", "That's so cool. It is said that around 14700 years ago was when domestication began, but we have found wolf remains in close proximity to humans dating back 50k years", "From what I gather, it's sort of like the modern day raven, they were intelligent and knew they could skip out on the hunting because the humans always had something that they couldn't use that they were happy to dispose of. Do you know about wolf calls?" ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Seafood\nHi, I am interested in seafood. What is the best seafood?", "What is the most exotic type of seafood?", "How sustainable do you think most seafood is?", "Are there type of seafood that are dangerous to those with allergies?", "What is an example of a mollusc or crustacean?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood prominently includes fish and shellfish.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Shellfish include various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Historically, sea mammals such as whales and dolphins have been consumed as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Edible sea plants, such as some seaweeds and microalgae, are widely eaten as seafood around the world, especially in Asia (see the ).", "Seafood __knowledge__ In North America, although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term \"seafood\" is extended to fresh water organisms eaten by humans, so all edible aquatic life may be referred to as seafood.", "Seafood __knowledge__ For the sake of completeness, this article includes all edible aquatic life.", "Seafood __knowledge__ The harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, and the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture, or fish farming in the case of fish.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is often distinguished from meat, although it is still animal and is excluded in a strict vegetarian diet.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is an important source of protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals.", "Burhop's Seafood __knowledge__ Burhop's Seafood is a privately owned seafood retailer and one-time wholesaler and full-service restaurant founded in 1926 by Albert E. Burhop in Chicago, Illinois.", "Burhop's Seafood __knowledge__ The company is best known for having partnered with Clarence Birdseye in the 1920s to transport refrigerated seafood into the Midwestern United States for the first time.", "Burhop's Seafood __knowledge__ As a result of this partnership, Burhop's became the largest supplier of seafood to fine restaurants, hotels, and private clubs in Chicago for much of the twentieth century.", "Burhop's Seafood __knowledge__ Per the \"Chicago Tribune\", by 1988 Burhop's was the largest group of retail seafood stores in the United States.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Sustainable seafood is seafood that is either caught or farmed in ways that consider the long-term vitality of harvested species and the well-being of the oceans, as well as the livelihoods of fisheries-dependent communities.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ It was first promoted through the sustainable seafood movement which began in the 1990s.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ This operation highlights overfishing and environmentally destructive fishing methods.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Through a number of initiatives, the movement has increased awareness and raised concerns over the way our seafood is obtained.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Marine environments are currently under immense pressure.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Their problems primarily arise through anthropogenic causes, such as overfishing and environmental destruction.", "Legal Sea Foods __knowledge__ Legal Sea Foods is an American restaurant chain of upscale casual-dining seafood restaurants.", "Legal Sea Foods __knowledge__ The company was founded by George Berkowitz who opened the Legal Cash Market grocery store in 1950 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and he opened the first restaurant next door to the market in 1968.", "Legal Sea Foods __knowledge__ The current company headquarters is located in Boston and as of May 4, 2017, the group operates 35 restaurants in six states, plus the District of Columbia, with most in the Greater Boston area.The restaurant serves over 7 million customers annually.", "Legal Sea Foods __knowledge__ Legal Sea Foods also operates an online fish market and ships fresh fish anywhere in the contiguous United States, as well as a retail products division.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Seafood species can be mislabelled in misleading ways.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ This article examines the history and types of mislabeling, and looks at the current state of the law in different locations.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Proper species identification of seafood has been important to consumers since ancient times.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ The Jewish dietary laws known as kashrut required the Jews to identify certain types of fish to maintain a kosher diet.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Kashrut does not require rabbis to \"bless\" fish to make it kosher, but rather to identify the features the fish must have to meet kosher requirements (among others) and confirm their existence.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ In the 13th century, the King of England passed first law concerning proper labeling requirements, the Assize of Bread and Ale, regulating weight and quality of bread and ale.", "SeaChoice __knowledge__ SeaChoice is a program of Sustainable Seafood Canada that uses the Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch recommendations to raise consumer awareness about the importance of buying seafood from sustainable sources.", "SeaChoice __knowledge__ It is best known for publishing consumer guides for responsible seafood purchasing.", "SeaChoice __knowledge__ SeaChoice evaluates fisheries based on habitat/ecosystem impacts, stock status, inherent vulnerability, bycatch, and management regimes.", "SeaChoice __knowledge__ Sustainable Seafood Canada is a Canadian coalition of environmental organizations working together to raise awareness and deliver solutions for sustainable fisheries.", "SeaChoice __knowledge__ The organization consists of the Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society, the David Suzuki Foundation, the Ecology Action Centre, Living Oceans Society and British Columbia's chapter of the Sierra Club of Canada.", "Seafood Choices Alliance __knowledge__ The Seafood Choices Alliance is a program of the nonprofit ocean conservation organization, SeaWeb.", "Seafood Choices Alliance __knowledge__ It was established in 2001 to bring together the disparate elements and diverse approaches in a growing \"seafood choices\" movement in the United States and expanded into Europe in 2005.", "Seafood Choices Alliance __knowledge__ Seafood Choices Alliance works to promote sustainable seafood and to make the seafood industry socially, environmentally and economically sustainable.", "Seafood Choices Alliance __knowledge__ Following on the heels of SeaWeb's \"Give Swordfish a Break\" campaign in 1998, there seemed to be a need for an effort that could effectively coordinate the work of NGOs (non-governmental organizations) focusing on sustainable fisheries and healthy oceans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood prominently includes fish and shellfish.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Shellfish include various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Historically, sea mammals such as whales and dolphins have been consumed as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Edible sea plants, such as some seaweeds and microalgae, are widely eaten as seafood around the world, especially in Asia (see the ).", "Seafood __knowledge__ In North America, although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term \"seafood\" is extended to fresh water organisms eaten by humans, so all edible aquatic life may be referred to as seafood.", "Seafood __knowledge__ For the sake of completeness, this article includes all edible aquatic life.", "Seafood __knowledge__ The harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, and the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture, or fish farming in the case of fish.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is often distinguished from meat, although it is still animal and is excluded in a strict vegetarian diet.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is an important source of protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Seafood species can be mislabelled in misleading ways.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ This article examines the history and types of mislabeling, and looks at the current state of the law in different locations.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Proper species identification of seafood has been important to consumers since ancient times.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ The Jewish dietary laws known as kashrut required the Jews to identify certain types of fish to maintain a kosher diet.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Kashrut does not require rabbis to \"bless\" fish to make it kosher, but rather to identify the features the fish must have to meet kosher requirements (among others) and confirm their existence.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ In the 13th century, the King of England passed first law concerning proper labeling requirements, the Assize of Bread and Ale, regulating weight and quality of bread and ale.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Sustainable seafood is seafood that is either caught or farmed in ways that consider the long-term vitality of harvested species and the well-being of the oceans, as well as the livelihoods of fisheries-dependent communities.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ It was first promoted through the sustainable seafood movement which began in the 1990s.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ This operation highlights overfishing and environmentally destructive fishing methods.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Through a number of initiatives, the movement has increased awareness and raised concerns over the way our seafood is obtained.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Marine environments are currently under immense pressure.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Their problems primarily arise through anthropogenic causes, such as overfishing and environmental destruction.", "Burhop's Seafood __knowledge__ Burhop's Seafood is a privately owned seafood retailer and one-time wholesaler and full-service restaurant founded in 1926 by Albert E. Burhop in Chicago, Illinois.", "Burhop's Seafood __knowledge__ The company is best known for having partnered with Clarence Birdseye in the 1920s to transport refrigerated seafood into the Midwestern United States for the first time.", "Burhop's Seafood __knowledge__ As a result of this partnership, Burhop's became the largest supplier of seafood to fine restaurants, hotels, and private clubs in Chicago for much of the twentieth century.", "Burhop's Seafood __knowledge__ Per the \"Chicago Tribune\", by 1988 Burhop's was the largest group of retail seafood stores in the United States.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Sea Life Centres __knowledge__ Sea Life Centres are a chain of commercial sealife-themed attractions.", "Sea Life Centres __knowledge__ there are 53 SEA LIFE attractions (including standalone SEA LIFE centres, mini SEA LIFE features within resort theme parks, and LEGOLAND submarine rides) around the world, with many more planned for the next 3-5 years.", "Sea Life Centres __knowledge__ The chain is owned by the British company, Merlin Entertainments.", "Sea Life Centres __knowledge__ Sea Life Centres aim to combine modern display technology, biological expertise, and entertainment to provide themed journeys through European and tropical waters.", "Sea Life Centres __knowledge__ This often provides close encounters with sealife, from shrimps and starfish seahorses, sharks and stingrays.", "On the Origin of Species __knowledge__ On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.", "On the Origin of Species __knowledge__ Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection.", "On the Origin of Species __knowledge__ It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution.", "On the Origin of Species __knowledge__ Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the \"Beagle\" expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.", "Sea __knowledge__ A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.", "Sea __knowledge__ More broadly, \"the sea\" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.", "Sea __knowledge__ Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British \"Challenger\" expedition of the 1870s.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as \"seas\".", "Sea Life Sydney Aquarium __knowledge__ SEA LIFE Sydney Aquarium (formerly Sydney Aquarium) contains a large variety of Australian aquatic life, displaying more than 700 species comprising more than 13,000 individual fish and other sea and water creatures from most of Australia's water habitats.", "Sea Life Sydney Aquarium __knowledge__ Additionally, the aquarium features 14 themed zones including Jurassic Seas, Discovery Rockpool, Shark Walk, and the world’s largest Great Barrier Reef display.", "Sea Life Sydney Aquarium __knowledge__ Along the way, visitors encounter animals unique to each habitat, including two of only five dugongs on display in the world, sharks, stingrays, penguins and tropical fish, among others.", "Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium __knowledge__ Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium is a public aquarium located in the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States.", "Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium __knowledge__ It is home to thousands of aquatic creatures, including a large collection of sharks, sea turtles, stingrays and freshwater fish.", "Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium also features sea turtles, octopuses, and lobsters.", "Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium __knowledge__ Freshwater exhibits include game fish from the northern region of the United States, several giant catfish and a alligator gar from the southern United States.", "Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium includes a clear acrylic tunnel that lets visitors explore the underwater world while remaining dry.", "Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium __knowledge__ The thickness and curvature of the glass makes the animals appear about 20% smaller.", "Chessington World of Adventures __knowledge__ Chessington World of Adventures Resort is a theme park, zoo and hotel complex in Chessington, Greater London, England, around southwest of Central London.", "Chessington World of Adventures __knowledge__ The complex opened as Chessington Zoo in 1931, with the theme park being developed alongside the zoo by The Tussauds Group and opening on 7 July 1987, as one of the first themed amusement parks in Britain.", "Chessington World of Adventures __knowledge__ The theme park, which features over 40 rides, is now owned by Merlin Entertainments, following its merger with The Tussauds Group in 2007.", "Chessington World of Adventures __knowledge__ Under Merlin, Chessington has been increasingly developed into a resort tourist destination, including two on-site hotels, a high ropes course and camp site.", "Rice __knowledge__ Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "Rice __knowledge__ As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "Rice __knowledge__ It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Rice __knowledge__ Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood prominently includes fish and shellfish.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Shellfish include various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Historically, sea mammals such as whales and dolphins have been consumed as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Edible sea plants, such as some seaweeds and microalgae, are widely eaten as seafood around the world, especially in Asia (see the ).", "Seafood __knowledge__ In North America, although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term \"seafood\" is extended to fresh water organisms eaten by humans, so all edible aquatic life may be referred to as seafood.", "Seafood __knowledge__ For the sake of completeness, this article includes all edible aquatic life.", "Seafood __knowledge__ The harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, and the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture, or fish farming in the case of fish.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is often distinguished from meat, although it is still animal and is excluded in a strict vegetarian diet.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is an important source of protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Sustainable seafood is seafood that is either caught or farmed in ways that consider the long-term vitality of harvested species and the well-being of the oceans, as well as the livelihoods of fisheries-dependent communities.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ It was first promoted through the sustainable seafood movement which began in the 1990s.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ This operation highlights overfishing and environmentally destructive fishing methods.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Through a number of initiatives, the movement has increased awareness and raised concerns over the way our seafood is obtained.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Marine environments are currently under immense pressure.", "Sustainable seafood __knowledge__ Their problems primarily arise through anthropogenic causes, such as overfishing and environmental destruction.", "Seafood Choices Alliance __knowledge__ The Seafood Choices Alliance is a program of the nonprofit ocean conservation organization, SeaWeb.", "Seafood Choices Alliance __knowledge__ It was established in 2001 to bring together the disparate elements and diverse approaches in a growing \"seafood choices\" movement in the United States and expanded into Europe in 2005.", "Seafood Choices Alliance __knowledge__ Seafood Choices Alliance works to promote sustainable seafood and to make the seafood industry socially, environmentally and economically sustainable.", "Seafood Choices Alliance __knowledge__ Following on the heels of SeaWeb's \"Give Swordfish a Break\" campaign in 1998, there seemed to be a need for an effort that could effectively coordinate the work of NGOs (non-governmental organizations) focusing on sustainable fisheries and healthy oceans.", "Marine Stewardship Council __knowledge__ The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is an independent non-profit organization which sets a standard for sustainable fishing.", "Marine Stewardship Council __knowledge__ Fisheries that wish to demonstrate they are well-managed and sustainable compared to the science-based MSC standard are assessed by a team of experts who are independent of both the fishery and the MSC.", "Marine Stewardship Council __knowledge__ Seafood products can display the blue MSC ecolabel only if that seafood can be traced back through the supply chain to a fishery that has been certified against the MSC standard.", "Marine Stewardship Council __knowledge__ The mission of the MSC is to use its ecolabel, for which the MSC receives royalties for licensing it to products, and fishery certification program to contribute to the health of the world’s oceans by recognizing and rewarding sustainable fishing practices, influencing the choices people make when buying seafood, and working with partners to transform the seafood market to a sustainable basis.", "Seafood Watch __knowledge__ Seafood Watch is one of the best known sustainable seafood advisory lists, and has influenced similar programs around the world.", "Seafood Watch __knowledge__ It is best known for developing science-based seafood recommendations that consumers, chefs, and business professionals use to inform their seafood purchasing decisions.", "Seafood Watch __knowledge__ Seafood Watch is a program of the Monterey Bay Aquarium.", "Seafood Watch __knowledge__ It has roots in the Monterey Bay Aquarium's \"Fishing for Solutions\" exhibit, which ran from 1997 to 1999 and produced a list of sustainable seafood.", "Seafood Watch __knowledge__ It was one of the first resources for sustainable seafood information together with the Audubon Society's \"What is a fish lover to eat?\"", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Overfishing is a form of overexploitation where fish stocks are reduced to below acceptable levels.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Overfishing can occur in water bodies of any sizes, such as ponds, rivers, lakes or oceans, and can result in resource depletion, reduced biological growth rates and low biomass levels.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Sustained overfishing can lead to critical depensation, where the fish population is no longer able to sustain itself.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Some forms of overfishing, for example the overfishing of sharks, has led to the upset of entire marine ecosystems.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ The ability of a fishery to recover from overfishing depends on whether the ecosystem's conditions are suitable for the recovery.", "Barton Seaver __knowledge__ Barton Seaver (born April 12, 1979) is an author, speaker and chef.", "Barton Seaver __knowledge__ He works and resides in the state of Maine.", "Barton Seaver __knowledge__ Seaver grew up in Washington, D.C. and attended St. Albans School.", "Barton Seaver __knowledge__ He graduated with honors from The Culinary Institute of America in Hyde Park, New York, in 2001 and taught meat and fish classes on a fellowship post under the guidance of chef Corky Clark.", "Barton Seaver __knowledge__ He worked in restaurants in Chicago and New York, and then traveled abroad to southern Spain and Morocco, where he worked with local villagers on fishing boats and in small family-run hotel restaurants.", "Barton Seaver __knowledge__ In 2005, Seaver returned to Washington, D.C., and worked with chef José Andrés at the restaurant Jaleo.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In ecology, sustainability (from \"sustain\" and \"ability\") is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In more general terms, sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability science is the study of sustainable development and environmental science.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability can also be defined as a socio-ecological process characterized by the pursuit of a common ideal.", "Cetacea __knowledge__ Cetacea () are a widely distributed and diverse clade of aquatic mammals that today consists of the whales, dolphins, and porpoises.", "Cetacea __knowledge__ Cetaceans are carnivorous and finned.", "Cetacea __knowledge__ Most species live in the sea, some in rivers.", "Cetacea __knowledge__ The name is derived from the Latin \"cetus\" \"whale\", itself from the Greek κῆτος \"kētos\" \"huge fish\".", "Cetacea __knowledge__ There are around 89 extant species, which are divided into two groups or parvorders, the Odontoceti or toothed whales, a group of more than 70 species that includes the dolphins and porpoises, and the Mysticeti or baleen whales, of which there are now 15 species.", "Cetacea __knowledge__ The extinct ancestors of modern whales are the Archaeoceti.", "Dolphin __knowledge__ Dolphins are a widely distributed and diverse group of aquatic mammals.", "Dolphin __knowledge__ They are an informal grouping within the order Cetacea, excluding whales and porpoises, so to zoologists the grouping is paraphyletic.", "Dolphin __knowledge__ The dolphins comprise the extant families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the new world river dolphins), and Pontoporiidae (the brackish dolphins), and the extinct Lipotidae (baiji or Chinese river dolphin).", "Dolphin __knowledge__ There are 40 extant species of dolphins.", "Dolphin __knowledge__ Dolphins, alongside other cetaceans, belong to the clade Cetartiodactyla with even-toed ungulates.", "Toothed whale __knowledge__ The toothed whales (systematic name Odontoceti) are a parvorder of cetaceans that includes dolphins, porpoises, and all other whales possessing teeth, such as the beaked whales and sperm whales.", "Toothed whale __knowledge__ Seventy-three species of toothed whales (also called odontocetes) are described.", "Toothed whale __knowledge__ They are one of two living groups of cetaceans, the other being the baleen whales (Mysticeti), which have baleen instead of teeth.", "Toothed whale __knowledge__ The two groups are thought to have diverged around 34 million years ago (mya).", "Toothed whale __knowledge__ Toothed whales range in size from the and vaquita to the and sperm whale.", "Toothed whale __knowledge__ Several species of odontocetes exhibit sexual dimorphism, in that the females are larger than males.", "Whaling in Japan __knowledge__ Japanese whaling, in terms of active hunting of these large mammals, is estimated by the Japan Whaling Association to have begun around the 12th century.", "Whaling in Japan __knowledge__ However, Japanese whaling on an industrial scale began around the 1890s when Japan began to participate in the modern whaling industry, at that time an industry in which many countries participated.", "Whaling in Japan __knowledge__ Japanese whaling activities have historically extended far outside Japanese territorial waters, even into whale sanctuaries protected by other countries.", "Whaling in Japan __knowledge__ During the 20th century, Japan was heavily involved in commercial whaling.", "Whaling in Japan __knowledge__ This continued until the International Whaling Commission (IWC) moratorium on commercial whaling went into effect in 1986.", "Evolution of cetaceans __knowledge__ The evolutionary history of cetaceans is thought to have occurred in the Indian subcontinent from even-toed ungulates 50 million years ago, over a period of at least 15 million years.", "Evolution of cetaceans __knowledge__ Cetaceans are fully aquatic marine mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla, and branched off from other artiodactyls around 50 mya (million years ago).", "Evolution of cetaceans __knowledge__ Cetaceans are thought to have evolved during the Eocene or earlier, sharing a closest common ancestor with hippopotamuses.", "Evolution of cetaceans __knowledge__ Being mammals, they surface to breathe air; they have 5 finger bones (even-toed) in their fins; they nurse their young; and, despite their fully aquatic life style, they retained many skeletal features from their terrestrial ancestors.", "North Pacific right whale __knowledge__ The North Pacific right whale (\"Eubalaena japonica\") is a very large, thickset baleen whale species that is extremely rare and endangered.", "North Pacific right whale __knowledge__ The Northeast Pacific population, which summers in the southeastern Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska, may have no more than 40 animals.", "North Pacific right whale __knowledge__ A western population that summers near the Commander Islands, the coast of Kamchatka, along the Kuril Islands and in the Sea of Okhotsk between it, is thought to number in the low hundreds.", "North Pacific right whale __knowledge__ Before commercial whaling in the North Pacific (i.e.", "North Pacific right whale __knowledge__ pre-1835) there were probably over 20,000 right whales in the region.", "North Pacific right whale __knowledge__ The taking of right whales in commercial whaling has been prohibited by one or more international treaties since 1935.", "Whale __knowledge__ Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals.", "Whale __knowledge__ They are an informal grouping within the infraorder Cetacea, usually excluding dolphins and porpoises.", "Whale __knowledge__ Whales, dolphins and porpoises belong to the order Cetartiodactyla with even-toed ungulates and their closest living relatives are the hippopotamuses, having diverged about 40 million years ago.", "Whale __knowledge__ The two parvorders of whales, baleen whales (Mysticeti) and toothed whales (Odontoceti), are thought to have split apart around 34 million years ago.", "Whale __knowledge__ The whales comprise eight extant families: Balaenopteridae (the rorquals), Balaenidae (right whales), Cetotheriidae (the pygmy right whale), Eschrichtiidae (the grey whale), Monodontidae (belugas and narwhals), Physeteridae (the sperm whale), Kogiidae (the dwarf and pygmy sperm whale), and Ziphiidae (the beaked whales)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood prominently includes fish and shellfish.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Shellfish include various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Historically, sea mammals such as whales and dolphins have been consumed as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Edible sea plants, such as some seaweeds and microalgae, are widely eaten as seafood around the world, especially in Asia (see the ).", "Seafood __knowledge__ In North America, although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term \"seafood\" is extended to fresh water organisms eaten by humans, so all edible aquatic life may be referred to as seafood.", "Seafood __knowledge__ For the sake of completeness, this article includes all edible aquatic life.", "Seafood __knowledge__ The harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, and the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture, or fish farming in the case of fish.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is often distinguished from meat, although it is still animal and is excluded in a strict vegetarian diet.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is an important source of protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Seafood species can be mislabelled in misleading ways.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ This article examines the history and types of mislabeling, and looks at the current state of the law in different locations.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Proper species identification of seafood has been important to consumers since ancient times.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ The Jewish dietary laws known as kashrut required the Jews to identify certain types of fish to maintain a kosher diet.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Kashrut does not require rabbis to \"bless\" fish to make it kosher, but rather to identify the features the fish must have to meet kosher requirements (among others) and confirm their existence.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ In the 13th century, the King of England passed first law concerning proper labeling requirements, the Assize of Bread and Ale, regulating weight and quality of bread and ale.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little or no problem in most people.", "Allergy __knowledge__ These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Common allergens include pollen and certain food.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Metals and other substances may also cause problems.", "Allergy __knowledge__ Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.", "Allergen __knowledge__ An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Such reactions are called allergies.", "Allergen __knowledge__ In technical terms, an allergen is an antigen capable of stimulating a type-I hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals through Immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses.", "Allergen __knowledge__ Most humans mount significant Immunoglobulin E responses only as a defense against parasitic infections.", "Allergen __knowledge__ However, some individuals may respond to many common environmental antigens.", "Allergen __knowledge__ This hereditary predisposition is called atopy.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Peanut allergy is a type of food allergy to peanuts.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ It is different from nut allergies.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Physical symptoms of allergic reaction can include itchiness, urticaria, swelling, eczema, sneezing, asthma, abdominal pain, drop in blood pressure, diarrhea, and cardiac arrest.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Anaphylaxis may occur.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ It is due to a type I hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system in susceptible individuals.", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ The allergy is recognized \"as one of the most severe food allergies due to its prevalence, persistency, and potential severity of allergic reaction.\"", "Peanut allergy __knowledge__ Prevention may be partly achieved through early introduction of peanuts to the diets of pregnant women and babies.", "Allergies in dogs __knowledge__ There is a wide variety of allergies that dogs can suffer from.", "Allergies in dogs __knowledge__ While they typically become visible through skin conditions, there are a number of other symptoms and warning signs to look for.", "Allergies in dogs __knowledge__ Dog allergies can happen just like in their human companions.", "Allergies in dogs __knowledge__ These allergies usually manifest themselves as skin conditions.", "Allergies in dogs __knowledge__ What this will do is provoke the immune system of the dog to overreact in the form of a number of different symptoms, most notably a skin irritation.", "Allergies in dogs __knowledge__ Unfortunately, allergies are becoming more common every day just as they are with humans.", "Allergies in dogs __knowledge__ Skin irritation from allergies is fairly easy to identify.", "Radiocontrast agent __knowledge__ Radiocontrast agents are substances used to enhance the visibility of internal structures in X-ray-based imaging techniques such as computed tomography (contrast CT), projectional radiography, and fluoroscopy.", "Radiocontrast agent __knowledge__ Radiocontrast agents are typically iodine, barium-sulphate or gadolinium based compounds.", "Radiocontrast agent __knowledge__ They absorb external X-rays, resulting in decreased exposure on the X-ray detector.", "Radiocontrast agent __knowledge__ This is different from radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine which emit radiation.", "Radiocontrast agent __knowledge__ Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) functions through different principles and thus utilizes different contrast agents.", "Radiocontrast agent __knowledge__ These compounds work by altering the magnetic properties of nearby hydrogen nuclei.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood prominently includes fish and shellfish.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Shellfish include various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Historically, sea mammals such as whales and dolphins have been consumed as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Edible sea plants, such as some seaweeds and microalgae, are widely eaten as seafood around the world, especially in Asia (see the ).", "Seafood __knowledge__ In North America, although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term \"seafood\" is extended to fresh water organisms eaten by humans, so all edible aquatic life may be referred to as seafood.", "Seafood __knowledge__ For the sake of completeness, this article includes all edible aquatic life.", "Seafood __knowledge__ The harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, and the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture, or fish farming in the case of fish.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is often distinguished from meat, although it is still animal and is excluded in a strict vegetarian diet.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Seafood is an important source of protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas.", "Seafood __knowledge__ Most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals.", "Hematodinium __knowledge__ Hematodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates.", "Hematodinium __knowledge__ Species in this genus, such as \"Hematodinium perezi\", the type species, are internal parasites of the hemolymph of crustaceans such as the Atlantic blue crab (\"Callinectes sapidus\") and Norway lobster (\"Nephrops norvegicus\").", "Hematodinium __knowledge__ Species in the genus are economically damaging to commercial crab fisheries, including causing bitter crab disease in the large Tanner or snow crab fisheries of the Bering Sea.", "Hematodinium __knowledge__ Introduction \"Hematodinium\" is a harmful parasitic dinoflagellate in marine decapod crustaceans, often dwelling in the hemolymph of host organisms .", "Hematodinium __knowledge__ Drastic changes in the host’s vital organs, tissues, and hemolymph lead to the degeneration of the organism .", "Mollusca __knowledge__ Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks ().", "Mollusca __knowledge__ Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized.", "Mollusca __knowledge__ The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species.", "Mollusca __knowledge__ Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms.", "Mollusca __knowledge__ Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats.", "Mollusca __knowledge__ They are highly diverse, not just in size and in anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and in habitat.", "Mollusca __knowledge__ The phylum is typically divided into 9 or 10 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct.", "Crustacean Records __knowledge__ Crustacean Records is a record company from Wisconsin, United States, founded in 1994.", "Crustacean Records __knowledge__ The label was founded by current majority owner Chris Langkamp.", "Crustacean Records __knowledge__ The debut release was \"Fetus\" by Crab Shack, the band Chris Langkamp played bass with, and was cassette only.", "Crustacean Records __knowledge__ The second release, issued on Compact Disc, was the first Crustacean Records compilation, featuring Helena Handbasket, Gethsemane, Crab Shack, Front of Trucker, Mas Optica and Wet Dog.", "Crustacean Records __knowledge__ The label grew in the mid and late 1990s with notable mainstays of the label being Mad Trucker Gone Mad, Big Big Furnace Brainerd, and System & Station.", "Crustacean Records __knowledge__ The current ownership is founder and current bass player of Mad Trucker Gone Mad, Chris Langkamp, as majority owner and Rory Nienajadlo as co-owner.", "Crustacean __knowledge__ Crustaceans (Crustacea ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles.", "Crustacean __knowledge__ The crustacean group is usually treated as a subphylum, and thanks to recent molecular studies it is now well accepted that the crustacean group is paraphyletic, and comprises all animals in the Pancrustacea clade other than hexapods.", "Crustacean __knowledge__ Some crustaceans are more closely related to insects and other hexapods than they are to certain other crustaceans.", "Crustacean __knowledge__ The 67,000 described species range in size from \"Stygotantulus stocki\" at , to the Japanese spider crab with a leg span of up to and a mass of .", "Marine life __knowledge__ Marine life, or sea life or ocean life, refers to the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the salt water of the sea or ocean, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.", "Marine life __knowledge__ At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Marine organisms produce much of the oxygen we breathe.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, and some marine organisms even help create new land.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Most life forms evolved initially in marine habitats.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Oceans provide about 99 percent of the living space on the planet.", "Marine life __knowledge__ The earliest vertebrates appeared in the form of fish, which live exclusively in water.", "Acanthocephala __knowledge__ Acanthocephala (Greek , ', thorn + , ', head) is a phylum of parasitic worms known as acanthocephalans, thorny-headed worms, or spiny-headed worms, characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis, armed with spines, which it uses to pierce and hold the gut wall of its host.", "Acanthocephala __knowledge__ Acanthocephalans have complex life cycles, involving at least two hosts, which may include invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals.", "Acanthocephala __knowledge__ The Acanthocephala were thought to be a discrete phylum.", "Acanthocephala __knowledge__ Recent genome analysis has shown that they are descended from, and should be considered as, highly modified rotifers.", "Triops longicaudatus __knowledge__ Triops longicaudatus (commonly called longtail tadpole shrimp, American tadpole shrimp, or rice tadpole shrimp) is a freshwater crustacean of the order Notostraca, resembling a miniature horseshoe crab.", "Triops longicaudatus __knowledge__ It is characterized by an elongated, segmented body, a flattened shield-like brownish carapace covering two thirds of the thorax, and two long filaments on the abdomen.", "Triops longicaudatus __knowledge__ \"Triops\" refers to its three eyes, and \"longicaudatus\" refers to the elongated tail structures.", "Triops longicaudatus __knowledge__ \"Triops longicaudatus\" is found in freshwater ponds and pools, often in places where few higher forms of life can exist.", "Triops longicaudatus __knowledge__ Like its relative \"Triops cancriformis\", the longtail tadpole shrimp is considered a living fossil because its basic prehistoric morphology has changed little in the last 70 million years, exactly matching their ancient fossils.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Common foods involved include cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, soy, wheat, rice, and fruit.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ The common allergies vary depending on the country.", "Food allergy __knowledge__ Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and high levels of cleanliness.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more of the protein constituents of cow's milk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Symptoms can be rapid or gradual in onset.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The former may include anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition which requires treatment with epinephrine.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ The latter can take hours to days to appear.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Presentations may include atopic dermatitis, inflammation of the esophagus, enteropathy involving the small intestine and proctocolitis involving the rectum and colon.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Management is by avoiding eating any food that contains dairy.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ Exposure to low levels of milk proteins is a health risk.", "Milk allergy __knowledge__ In people with IgE-mediated food allergy the individual threshold dose capable of provoking an allergic reaction can vary widely, but is in a low milligram range.", "Cambrian explosion __knowledge__ The Cambrian explosion or Cambrian radiation was the event of approximately in the Cambrian period when most major animal phyla appeared in the fossil record.", "Cambrian explosion __knowledge__ It resulted in the divergence of most modern metazoan phyla.", "Cambrian explosion __knowledge__ The event was accompanied by major diversification of other organisms.", "Cambrian explosion __knowledge__ Before the Cambrian explosion, most organisms were simple, composed of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies.", "Cambrian explosion __knowledge__ Over the following 70 to 80 million years, the rate of diversification accelerated, and the variety of life began to resemble that of today.", "Cambrian explosion __knowledge__ Almost all present animal phyla appeared during this period.", "The Real McCoys __knowledge__ The Real McCoys is an American sitcom co-produced by Danny Thomas's Marterto Productions in association with Walter Brennan and Irving Pincus's Westgate Company.", "The Real McCoys __knowledge__ The series aired for six seasons, five on the ABC-TV network from 1957 through 1962 and a final year, 1962 to 1963, on CBS.", "The Real McCoys __knowledge__ Set in the San Fernando Valley of California, the series was filmed in Hollywood at Desilu studios.", "The Real McCoys __knowledge__ \"The Real McCoys\" revolves around the lives of a family from the Appalachian Mountains who originally hailed from fictional Smokey Corners, West Virginia.", "The Real McCoys __knowledge__ The McCoys moved to California and became dirt farmers.", "The Real McCoys __knowledge__ The family consisted of Grandpa Amos McCoy (Walter Brennan); his grandson Luke (Richard Crenna), Luke's new bride Kate (Kathleen Nolan), Luke's teenage sister Tallahassie \"Hassie\" (Lydia Reed), and his 11-year-old brother Little Luke (Michael Winkelman).", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ Bivalves as a group have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs like the radula and the odontophore.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ The majority are filter feeders.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ The gills have evolved into ctenidia, specialised organs for feeding and breathing.", "Pain in invertebrates __knowledge__ Pain in invertebrates is a contentious issue.", "Pain in invertebrates __knowledge__ Although there are numerous definitions of pain, almost all involve two key components.", "Pain in invertebrates __knowledge__ First, nociception is required.", "Pain in invertebrates __knowledge__ This is the ability to detect noxious stimuli which evokes a reflex response that moves the entire animal, or the affected part of its body, away from the source of the stimulus.", "Pain in invertebrates __knowledge__ The concept of nociception does not imply any adverse, subjective feeling; it is a reflex action.", "Pain in invertebrates __knowledge__ The second component is the experience of 'pain' itself, or suffering—i.e., the internal, emotional interpretation of the nociceptive experience.", "Pain in invertebrates __knowledge__ Pain is therefore a private, emotional experience." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 9, 3, 3 ]

[ "There are lots of varieties. Any form of sea life can be considered as food by humans.", "In the past, whales and dolphins were consumed but that doesn", "Well since I'm a vegan, I don't think it's sustainable to eat any meat even though seafood is usually distinguished from meat.", "Any molluscs or crustaceans could be considered allergenic.", "Those are all shellfish. Also echinoderms." ]

[ "Seafood", "Seafood", "Seafood", "Seafood", "Seafood" ]

[ "Dog\nEven though I've only owned cats before, I've always wanted to own a dog.", "Golden retrievers are my favorite breed too! They're just so smart and friendly.", "Same here, big dogs can just be too big and smaller dogs are usually really ugly honestly. Don't smaller dogs live longer though on average?", "Speaking of health problems, hasn't breeding really gone too far in some breeds? It seems like it is causing a lot of issues just for the sake of appearance.", "I thought so, but regardless of that, dogs are just such great pets that I really want to own at least one in my life." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Trap-neuter-return (TNR) is a type of program through which free-roaming cats are trapped, sterilized (males are castrated and females undergo ovo-hysterectomies), and returned to the outdoor locations where they were found.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ If those locations are deemed unsafe or otherwise inappropriate, the cats may be relocated (barn/farmyard homes are often considered ideal).", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Kittens young enough to be socialized and friendly adult cats may be placed in foster care for eventual adoption into homes as companion animals rather than returned to the outdoors.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Cats found suffering with terminal, untreatable, and/or contagious illnesses or injuries are often euthanized.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"", "Feral cat __knowledge__ A feral cat is a cat that lives outdoors and has had little or no human contact.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They do not allow themselves to be handled or touched by humans, and will run away if they are able.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They typically remain hidden from humans, although some feral cats become more comfortable with people who regularly feed them.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Even with long term attempts at socialization, feral cats usually remain fearful and avoidant of humans.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Feral cats often live outdoors in colonies in locations where they can access food and shelter.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ These colonies are called \"managed colonies\" when they are provided with regular food and care by humans.", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ The Golden Retriever is a large-sized breed of dog bred as gun dogs to retrieve shot waterfowl such as ducks and upland game birds during hunting and shooting parties, and were named 'retriever' because of their ability to retrieve shot game undamaged.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers have an instinctive love of water, and are easy to train to basic or advanced obedience standards.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ They are a long-coated breed, with a dense inner coat that provides them with adequate warmth in the outdoors, and an outer coat that lies flat against their bodies and repels water.", "Golden Retriever __knowledge__ Golden Retrievers are well suited to residency in suburban or country environments.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a medium-sized gundog bred primarily for hunting.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ It is often referred to as a \"toller\".", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ It is the smallest of the retrievers, and is often mistaken for a small Golden Retriever.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ Tollers are known to be intelligent, easy to please, alert, and high-energy dogs.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The name \"toller\" is derived from their ability to lure waterfowl within gunshot range.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The breed originated in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, Canada.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The American Kennel Club ranks the toller as the 87th most popular dog breed.", "Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever __knowledge__ The breed was developed in the community of Little River Harbour in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, around the beginning of the 19th century.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular breed of dog) has been studied in detail, and found to depend on several distinct genes.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The interplay between these genes is broadly used as an example of epistasis.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ Labrador Retrievers are a popular breed of dog in many countries.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ There are three recognised colours, black, chocolate, and yellow, that result from the interplay among genes that direct production and expression of two pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin, in the fur and skin of the dog.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ \"Golden Retriever\" is a song by Super Furry Animals.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ It was the first single to be issued from the album \"Phantom Power\" and reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart on its release in July 2003.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ The song is about the relationship between singer Gruff Rhys's girlfriend's two dogs and was written in the same key, with the same guitar tuning and around the same time as several other songs from \"Phantom Power\".", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ Critical reaction to the track was generally positive with many reviewers commenting on its \"catchiness\" and \"glam rock\" style.", "Golden Retriever (song) __knowledge__ A Jake & Jim directed music video was produced to accompany the song's release as a single featuring the band dressed as yetis." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Argentine Pila Dog __knowledge__ The Argentine Pila dog (similar to the Bolivian Khala or Hairless Khala) is a hairless breed characteristically found in the north-western provinces of Argentina.", "Argentine Pila Dog __knowledge__ It is a companion dog, ranging in size from approximately 25 cm (10 inches) at the shoulder to 45 cm (18 inches).", "Argentine Pila Dog __knowledge__ The Argentine Pila Dog is a South American hairless breed very similar to the Chinese Crested Dog, Mexican Hairless Dog, and Peruvian Hairless Dog, from which last it is believed to be descended.", "Argentine Pila Dog __knowledge__ Opinions vary on the origin of these pre-Columbian dogs (with the exception of the Chinese crested, apparently first bred from Peruvian Hairless by Ida Garrett and Debra Woods in the first half of the 20th Century in the USA), but there is evidence of their existence in Central and South America as far back as 3,000 years ago.", "Giant dog breed __knowledge__ A giant dog breed has no universal height or weight classification, although some groups define \"giant breeds\" as those heavier than .", "Giant dog breed __knowledge__ Giant breeds grow rapidly, but take longer to mature into their full adult sizes than smaller dogs.", "Giant dog breed __knowledge__ Many giant breeds are mature, soft and relaxed dogs as adults and require less exercise than most smaller dogs, so they can make better pets for small living arrangements, such as apartments.", "Giant dog breed __knowledge__ Because they are larger animals, they are less likely to be intimidated by other people and thus are much more adaptable to meeting friends, family members, and children of owners.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Prairie dog __knowledge__ Prairie dogs (genus Cynomys) are herbivorous burrowing rodents native to the grasslands of North America.", "Prairie dog __knowledge__ The five species are: black-tailed, white-tailed, Gunnison's, Utah, and Mexican prairie dogs.", "Prairie dog __knowledge__ They are a type of ground squirrel, found in the United States, Canada and Mexico.", "Prairie dog __knowledge__ In Mexico, prairie dogs are found primarily in the northern states, which lie at the southern end of the Great Plains: northeastern Sonora, north and northeastern Chihuahua, northern Coahuila, northern Nuevo León, and northern Tamaulipas.", "Prairie dog __knowledge__ In the United States, they range primarily to the west of the Mississippi River, though they have also been introduced in a few eastern locales.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Red fox __knowledge__ The red fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, North America and Eurasia.", "Red fox __knowledge__ It is listed as least concern by the IUCN.", "Red fox __knowledge__ Its range has increased alongside human expansion, having been introduced to Australia, where it is considered harmful to native mammals and bird populations.", "Red fox __knowledge__ Due to its presence in Australia, it is included among the list of the \"world's 100 worst invasive species\".", "Red fox __knowledge__ The red fox originated from smaller-sized ancestors from Eurasia during the Middle Villafranchian period, and colonised North America shortly after the Wisconsin glaciation.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog ( or ) is a dog breed which was developed in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The name \"Sennenhund\" refers to people called \"Senn\" or \"Senner\", dairymen and herders in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs are almost certainly the result of indigenous dogs mating with large mastiff types brought to Switzerland by foreign settlers.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ At one time, the breed was believed to have been among the most popular in Switzerland.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ It was assumed to have almost died out by the late 19th century, since its work was being done by other breeds or machines, but was rediscovered in the early 1900s.", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a distinctive type of herding dog, including many related landraces and standardised breeds.", "Collie __knowledge__ The type originated in Scotland and Northern England.", "Collie __knowledge__ The collie is a medium-sized, fairly lightly built dog, with a pointed snout.", "Collie __knowledge__ Many types have a distinctive white pattern over the shoulders.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collies are very active and agile, and most types of collies have a very strong herding instinct.", "Collie __knowledge__ Collie breeds have spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America) and have diversified into many varieties, sometimes with mixture from other dog types.", "Collie __knowledge__ Some collie breeds have remained as working dogs, used for herding cattle, sheep and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability.", "Wolf hunting with dogs __knowledge__ Wolf hunting with dogs is a method of wolf hunting which relies on the use of hunting dogs.", "Wolf hunting with dogs __knowledge__ While any dog, especially a hound used for hunting wolves may be loosely termed a \"wolfhound\", several dog breeds have been specifically bred for the purpose, some of which, such as the Irish Wolfhound, have the word in their breed name.", "Wolf hunting with dogs __knowledge__ Accounts as to how wolves react to being attacked by dogs vary, though John James Audubon wrote that young wolves generally show submissive behaviour, while older wolves fight savagely.", "Wolf hunting with dogs __knowledge__ As wolves are not as fast as smaller canids such as coyotes, they typically run to a low place and wait for the dogs to come over from the top and fight them.", "Coyote __knowledge__ The coyote (\"Canis latrans\"); from Nahuatl ) is a canine native to North America.", "Coyote __knowledge__ It is smaller than its close relative, the gray wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf.", "Coyote __knowledge__ It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia, though it is larger and more predatory, and is sometimes called the \"American jackal\" by zoologists.", "Coyote __knowledge__ The coyote is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature due to its wide distribution and abundance throughout North America, southwards through Mexico, and into Central America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ Pedigree Dogs Exposed is a BBC One investigative documentary, produced by Jemima Harrison, which looks into health and welfare issues facing pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It was originally broadcast on 19 August 2008.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The Kennel Club (KC), the governing body of pedigree dogs in the UK which runs the prestigious dog breed show Crufts, was criticised for allowing breed standards, judging standards and breeding practices to compromise the health of .", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The programme generated much criticism of the Kennel Club.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It also caused various sponsors and trade exhibitors to withdraw their participation from Crufts and other Kennel Club events.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ The Manx cat (, in earlier times often spelled Manks), is a breed of domestic cat (\"Felis catus\") originating on the Isle of Man, with a naturally occurring mutation that shortens the tail.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Many Manx have a small stub of a tail, but Manx cats are best known as being entirely tailless; this is the most distinguishing characteristic of the breed, along with elongated hind legs and a rounded head.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Manx cats come in all coat colours and patterns, though all-white specimens are rare, and the coat range of the original stock was more limited.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Long-haired variants are sometimes considered a separate breed, the Cymric.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The Persian cat (Persian: گربه ایرانی \"Gorbe Irâni\") is a long-haired breed of cat characterized by its round face and short muzzle.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ It is also known as the Persian Longhair.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ In the Middle East they are widely known as \"Iranian cat\" and in Iran they are known as \"Shirazi cat\".", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The first documented ancestors of the Persian were imported into Italy from Iran (Persia) around 1620.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The exact history of the Persian cat does seem to be a bit of a mystery but many of these long-haired cats were seen in hieroglyphics.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The story has it that these long-haired cats were then imported into Europe as their popularity grew and breeding took place in Italy and France.", "Thoroughbred __knowledge__ The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing.", "Thoroughbred __knowledge__ Although the word \"thoroughbred\" is sometimes used to refer to any breed of purebred horse, it technically refers only to the Thoroughbred breed.", "Thoroughbred __knowledge__ Thoroughbreds are considered \"hot-blooded\" horses that are known for their agility, speed, and spirit.", "Thoroughbred __knowledge__ The Thoroughbred as it is known today was developed in 17th- and 18th-century England, when native mares were crossbred with imported Oriental stallions of Arabian, Barb, and Turkoman breeding.", "Thoroughbred __knowledge__ All modern Thoroughbreds can trace their pedigrees to three stallions originally imported into England in the 17th century and 18th century and to a larger number of foundation mares of mostly English breeding.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "Giant dog breed __knowledge__ A giant dog breed has no universal height or weight classification, although some groups define \"giant breeds\" as those heavier than .", "Giant dog breed __knowledge__ Giant breeds grow rapidly, but take longer to mature into their full adult sizes than smaller dogs.", "Giant dog breed __knowledge__ Many giant breeds are mature, soft and relaxed dogs as adults and require less exercise than most smaller dogs, so they can make better pets for small living arrangements, such as apartments.", "Giant dog breed __knowledge__ Because they are larger animals, they are less likely to be intimidated by other people and thus are much more adaptable to meeting friends, family members, and children of owners.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 58% of US community hospitals are non-profit, 21% are government owned, and 21% are for-profit.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on health care per capita ($9,403), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (17.1%), than any other nation in 2014.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 64% of health spending was paid for by the government in 2013, funded via programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Aging in dogs __knowledge__ Aging in dogs (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") varies from breed to breed, and affects the dog's health, physical ability and life expectancy.", "Aging in dogs __knowledge__ As with humans, advanced years often bring changes in a dog's ability to hear, see and move about easily.", "Aging in dogs __knowledge__ Skin condition, appetite and energy levels often degrade with geriatric age, and medical conditions such as cancer, renal failure, arthritis, dementia, and joint conditions, and other signs of old age may appear.", "Aging in dogs __knowledge__ The changes in care often required by an older dog may lead a non-experienced owner to release the animal to a shelter or rescue organization.", "Aging in dogs __knowledge__ Non-profit groups have sprung up in response to the growing need for senior dog rescue.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Health equity __knowledge__ Health equity refers to the study and causes of differences in the quality of health and healthcare across different populations.", "Health equity __knowledge__ Health equity is different from health equality, as it refers only to the absence of disparities in controllable or remediable aspects of health.", "Health equity __knowledge__ It is not possible to work towards complete equality in health, as there are some factors of health that are beyond human influence.", "Health equity __knowledge__ Inequity implies some kind of social injustice.", "Health equity __knowledge__ Thus, if one population dies younger than another because of genetic differences, a non-remediable/controllable factor, we tend to say that there is a health inequality.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ All I Really Want to Do is the debut solo studio album by American singer-actress Cher and was released on October 16, 1965, by Imperial Records.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ The album was produced for Cher by her then husband and singing partner, Sonny Bono, with contributions from arranger Harold Battiste.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ The album is by-and-large a collection of cover versions but does contain three songs written by Bono.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ Upon its release, the album was well received by critics and garnered positive reviews.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ At the same time that the duo Sonny & Cher were debuting on Atco Records, Sonny Bono arranged a solo deal for Cher on the Imperial label.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse, animal neglect or animal cruelty, is the infliction by omission (animal neglect) or by commission by humans of suffering or harm upon any non-human animal, regardless of whether the act is against the law.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ More narrowly, it can be the causing of harm or suffering for specific achievement, such as killing animals for food or for their fur; opinions differ about the extent of cruelty associated with a given method of slaughter.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Cruelty to animals sometimes encompasses inflicting harm or suffering as an end in itself, defined as zoosadism.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Divergent approaches to laws concerning animal cruelty occur in different jurisdictions throughout the world.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Pug __knowledge__ The Pug is a breed of dog with physically distinctive features of a wrinkly, short-muzzled face, and curled tail.", "Pug __knowledge__ The breed has a fine, glossy coat that comes in a variety of colours, most often fawn or black, and a compact square body with well-developed muscles.", "Pug __knowledge__ Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart.", "Pug __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family.", "Pug __knowledge__ Pugs are known for being sociable and gentle companion dogs.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On __knowledge__ Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On is a 2012 follow-up to the 2008 BBC One documentary, \"Pedigree Dogs Exposed\" (\"PDE\").", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On __knowledge__ While this second programme looks at the positive changes made since the original film, it focuses on investigating areas of continuing concern.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On __knowledge__ The programme concluded that it was time to call a halt to suffering created by breeders.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On __knowledge__ It states that as long as The Kennel Club (KC) tolerated human whim leading to dogs that cannot run, breathe, or see freely, dogs would continue to suffer, but featured that, in fact, KC would continue in the vein, suggesting that the organisation has a conflict of interest in juggling its commitments to breeders and to dogs – when the interest of dogs does not match up with that of breeders, the dogs suffer.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ A conformation show, also referred to as a \"breed show\", is a kind of dog show in which a judge familiar with a specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for how well the dogs \"conform\" to the established breed type for their breed, as described in a breed's individual breed standard.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ Such shows are useful to breeders as a means of evaluating dogs for breeding purposes.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ A conformation championship from a recognized national kennel club is generally considered a reasonably objective indication of merit, as it indicates that the dog has been found to be a superior example of its breed by some number of different judges on some number of separate occasions.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ A dog breed club is an association or club of fanciers of a single, specific breed of dog.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ \"Breed clubs\" define the breed with which the club is associated in a document called a breed standard, although there may be multiple \"breed clubs\" for the same breed, each defining the breed in a somewhat different manner.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ \"Breed clubs\" are \"not\" scientific organisations, nor are breed standards meant to be scientific descriptions of a breed.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ \"Any\" fancier or group of fanciers may start a \"breed club\" and write definitions to suit themselves.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ Dog breed clubs exist to \"support the preservation and protection\" of the club's breed.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ The King Charles Spaniel (also known as the English Toy Spaniel) is a small dog breed of the spaniel type.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ In 1903, the Kennel Club combined four separate toy spaniel breeds under this single title.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ The other varieties merged into this breed were the Blenheim, Ruby and Prince Charles Spaniels, each of which contributed one of the four colours available in the breed.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ Thought to have originated in the Far East, toy spaniels were first seen in Europe during the 16th century.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ They were made famous by their association with King Charles II of England (1630–1685) and have been linked with English royalty since the time of Queen Mary I (1516–1558).", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The French Bulldog, also known as the Frenchie, is a small breed of domestic dog.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ Frenchies were the result in the 1800s of a cross between bulldog ancestors imported from England and local ratters in Paris (France).", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ In 2014, they were the fourth most popular registered dog in the United Kingdom and in the U.S. the sixth most popular AKC registered dog breed.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ They were rated the third most popular dog in Australia (for 2017).", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ They are also on the higher side price-wise.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The cost around $3,000-7,000.", "French Bulldog __knowledge__ The origin of the modern French Bulldog breed descends directly from the dogs of the Molossians, an ancient Greek tribe.", "Charles Cruft (showman) __knowledge__ Charles Alfred Cruft (28 June 1852 – 10 September 1938) was a British showman who founded the Crufts dog show.", "Charles Cruft (showman) __knowledge__ Charles first became involved with dogs when he began to work at Spratt's, a manufacturer of dog biscuits.", "Charles Cruft (showman) __knowledge__ He rose to the position of general manager, and whilst working for Spratt's in France he was invited to run his first dog show at the 1878 Exposition Universelle.", "Charles Cruft (showman) __knowledge__ After running dog shows in London for four years, he ran his first Cruft's dog show in 1891, and continued to run a further 45 shows until his death in 1938, as well as running two cat shows in 1894 and 1895.", "Charles Cruft (showman) __knowledge__ He was involved in a range of dog breed clubs, including that for Schipperkes, Pugs and Borzois." ] ]

[ 3, 6, 0, 0, 8 ]

[ "everyone loves dogs, ever since they were the first animal domesticated we've loved them, id love to have a golden retriever.", "Dogs vary so widely in shape and size, i personally prefer medium sized dogs.", "Yea smaller dogs have better circulation and less health and joint problems so they live longer lives.", "Yea breeding for dog shows and races has hit their health hard, sometimes pugs eyes pop out if you arent careful.", "Yea, there is a good reason they are referred to as mans best friend." ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Professor", "Thats interesting! What does she teach? ", "Wow that's inspiring! how do you become a professor of the highest rank? ", "Oh i see. And how long does it take to get to that level? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Professor __knowledge__ Professor (commonly abbreviated as \"Prof.\") is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.", "Professor __knowledge__ Literally, \"professor\" derives from Latin as a \"person who professes\" being usually an expert in arts or sciences, a teacher of the highest rank.", "Professor __knowledge__ In most systems of academic ranks the word \"professor\", and particularly the unqualified word, only refers to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as \"full professor\".", "Professor __knowledge__ In some countries or institutions, the word \"professor\" is also used in titles of lower ranks such as associate professor and assistant professor; this is particularly the case in the United States, where the word professor is sometimes used colloquially to refer to anyone in an academic post.", "Professor __knowledge__ This colloquial usage would be considered incorrect nearly everywhere else.", "Professor __knowledge__ Professors conduct original research and commonly teach undergraduate, professional and postgraduate courses in their fields of expertise.", "Professor __knowledge__ In universities with graduate schools, professors may mentor and supervise graduate students conducting research for a thesis or dissertation.", "Professor __knowledge__ In many universities, 'full professors' take on senior managerial roles, leading departments, research teams and institutes, and filling roles such as President, Principal or Vice-Chancellor." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Professor __knowledge__ Professor (commonly abbreviated as \"Prof.\") is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.", "Professor __knowledge__ Literally, \"professor\" derives from Latin as a \"person who professes\" being usually an expert in arts or sciences, a teacher of the highest rank.", "Professor __knowledge__ In most systems of academic ranks the word \"professor\", and particularly the unqualified word, only refers to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as \"full professor\".", "Professor __knowledge__ In some countries or institutions, the word \"professor\" is also used in titles of lower ranks such as associate professor and assistant professor; this is particularly the case in the United States, where the word professor is sometimes used colloquially to refer to anyone in an academic post.", "Professor __knowledge__ This colloquial usage would be considered incorrect nearly everywhere else.", "Professor __knowledge__ Professors conduct original research and commonly teach undergraduate, professional and postgraduate courses in their fields of expertise.", "Professor __knowledge__ In universities with graduate schools, professors may mentor and supervise graduate students conducting research for a thesis or dissertation.", "Professor __knowledge__ In many universities, 'full professors' take on senior managerial roles, leading departments, research teams and institutes, and filling roles such as President, Principal or Vice-Chancellor.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha Lee is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\", played by Laura Rollins.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha was introduced as a Practice Nurse at The Mill by Peter Eryl Lloyd.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on Tuesday 30 September 2014.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Since her arrival in the show Ayesha has faced storylines including an on off relationship with Sid Vere, having a troubled relationship with Tyler Green, dealing with her mother Bren's alcohol and later drug addiction, being attacked by Ike and supporting Valerie Pittman through her Cancer scare.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha first arrives at \"The Mill\" as a replacement for Mandy Marquez, she is almost immediately attracted to new doctor Sid Vere.", "The Runners __knowledge__ The Runners are an American electronic and hip hop production duo from Orlando, Florida, consisting of Andrew \"Dru Brett\" Harr and Jermaine \"Mayne Zayne\" Jackson.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They came together to form the team in 2000, but they have known each other since they were in kindergarten.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They both have been influenced their entire lives by producers Timbaland and The Neptunes.", "The Runners __knowledge__ Their trademark is an exhale sound effect ringing \"Ahhh\" at the beginning of their songs.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They are best known for producing the hit singles \"Go Hard\" and \"Hustlin'\", by rappers DJ Khaled and Rick Ross respectively.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They have produced songs for artists like Keyshia Cole Kevin Cossom Ace Hood, Chris Brown, Fat Joe, Juelz Santana, Nelly, Trip Lee, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne, Justin Bieber, Fabolous and Usher.", "Leopold Trattinnick __knowledge__ Leopold Trattinnick was born on 26 May 1764 near Vienna to a wealthy and influential family.", "Leopold Trattinnick __knowledge__ He originally began to study law but his interests in nature grew and he started studying Science and divided his time amongst the fields of entomology, mineralogy and botany.", "Leopold Trattinnick __knowledge__ His main area of Interest was mycology and spermatophytes.", "Leopold Trattinnick __knowledge__ In 1797, he published 'Anleitung zur Cultur der ächten Baumwolle in Österreich' (translated as 'Introduction to the culture of true cotton in Austria').", "Leopold Trattinnick __knowledge__ It was his first botanical publication.", "Leopold Trattinnick __knowledge__ This was followed by 'Genera Plantarum Methodo Naturali Disposita', in 1802, which was a proposal for a natural arrangement of some plant genera.", "Florinel Coman __knowledge__ Florinel Teodor Coman (; born 10 April 1998) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays for FCSB mainly as a winger.", "Florinel Coman __knowledge__ Coman was born in the city of Brăila, Brăila County, and grew up as a Dinamo București supporter.", "Florinel Coman __knowledge__ Being promoted from Viitorul Constanța's academy by first-team manager Gheorghe Hagi, Coman made his professional debut coming on as a substitute in a Liga I match against Astra Giurgiu on 18 April 2015.", "Florinel Coman __knowledge__ On 14 August 2016, aged 18, he scored his first goal in a 3–1 league victory over ASA Târgu Mureș.", "Florinel Coman __knowledge__ Coman was the Liga I Player of the Month for February 2017 after scoring one each against Dinamo București, Pandurii Târgu Jiu and ACS Poli Timișoara respectively.", "Sampi __knowledge__ Sampi (modern: ϡ; ancient shapes: , ) is an archaic letter of the Greek alphabet.", "Sampi __knowledge__ It was used as an addition to the classical 24-letter alphabet in some eastern Ionic dialects of ancient Greek in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, to denote some type of a sibilant sound, probably or , and was abandoned when the sound disappeared from Greek.", "Sampi __knowledge__ It later remained in use as a numeral symbol for 900 in the alphabetic (\"Milesian\") system of Greek numerals.", "Sampi __knowledge__ Its modern shape, which resembles a π inclining to the right with a longish curved cross-stroke, developed during its use as a numeric symbol in minuscule handwriting of the Byzantine era.", "Head of the River (Australia) __knowledge__ The Head of the River is a name given to annual Australian rowing regattas held in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia.", "Head of the River (Australia) __knowledge__ The regattas feature competing independent schools, and the winner of the 1st division boys or girls race is crowned the \"Head of the River\".", "Head of the River (Australia) __knowledge__ The name \"Head of the River\" is taken from similar regattas held in other countries including the Head of the River Race held annually on the Thames in London since 1926.", "Head of the River (Australia) __knowledge__ The Head of the River takes place in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia at the end of the first term (normally in March) at the Sydney International Regatta Centre (SIRC).", "A Rumor of Love __knowledge__ A Rumor of Love (aka \"The Love Rumor\"; Arabic: إشاعة حب – \"Eshaet Hob\" or \"Ishayat hub\") is a 1960 Egyptian film by the director Fatin Abdel Wahab.", "A Rumor of Love __knowledge__ The movie tells a story of a young man and the trouble he goes through to court the girl he is in love with.", "A Rumor of Love __knowledge__ With the help of his uncle, the father of the girl, he manages to make her fall in love with him – but not after the entire town hears rumors about his womanizing ways.", "A Rumor of Love __knowledge__ The film based on The Whole Town's Talking, a play by Anita Loos and John Emerson.", "A Rumor of Love __knowledge__ Eshaet Hob starts with the introduction of a wealthy business man, Abdel Qader El Nashashgi (Youssef Wahby), and his eccentric family – his outspoken wife, Bahiga (Ehsan Elsherif), his two nephews, Hussein (Omar Sharif) and Mahroos (Abdel-Menam Ibrahim), and his beautiful daughter, Samiha (Soad Hosny).", "Lecturer __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom and Ireland, a \"lecturer\" holds an open-ended, tenure-track or tenured position at a university or similar institution, and is often an academic at an early career stage who teaches, conducts research, and leads research groups.", "Lecturer __knowledge__ Most lecturers typically hold permanent contracts at their academic institution.", "Lecturer __knowledge__ In terms of responsibilities and recognition, the position of an open-ended lecturer on a permanent contract is equivalent to assistant professor or associate professor in the North American academic system.", "Lecturer __knowledge__ This is a tenure-track or tenured position, although UK tenure has eroded since 1988.", "Reader (academic rank) __knowledge__ The title of reader in the United Kingdom and some universities in the Commonwealth of Nations, for example India, Australia and New Zealand, denotes an appointment for a senior academic with a distinguished international reputation in research or scholarship.", "Reader (academic rank) __knowledge__ In India, the term used for a \"reader\" is \"Associate Professor\".", "Reader (academic rank) __knowledge__ In the traditional hierarchy of British and other Commonwealth universities, reader is an academic rank above senior lecturer (or principal lecturer in the new universities) and below professor, recognising a distinguished record of original research.", "Reader (academic rank) __knowledge__ Reader is similar to a professor without a chair, similar to the distinction between \"professor extraordinarius\" and \"professor ordinarius\" at some European universities, professor and chaired professor in Hong Kong and \"professor name\" (or associate professor) and chaired professor in Ireland.", "Academic rank in Sweden __knowledge__ This article describes the academic positions and ranks in Sweden.", "Academic rank in Sweden __knowledge__ The academic terminology for titles and positions at universities in Sweden includes the following: In Sweden only full Professors are referred to as Professors.", "Academic rank in Sweden __knowledge__ All others are referred to by their academic rank or academic degree.", "Academic rank in Sweden __knowledge__ In Sweden, academic ranks and their corresponding required skills in teaching and research are defined in the University Law (SFS 1993:100) and the University Ordinance (SFS 1992:1434).", "Academic rank in Sweden __knowledge__ The hiring of and promotion to the rank of professor is assessed in committee before being decided upon by the appropriate university official, usually the head of the department (\"prefekt\"), dean (\"dekan\") or head of the university (\"rektor\").", "List of academic ranks __knowledge__ This list of academic ranks identifies the hierarchical ranking structure found amongst scholars in academia.", "List of academic ranks __knowledge__ The lists below refer specifically to colleges and universities throughout the world, although other institutions of higher learning may follow a similar schema.", "List of academic ranks __knowledge__ In Algeria, university teachers are initially recruited – on the basis of a competition – at the rank of \"Maître Assistant\" (Assistant Professor), only if they are holding a Doctoral degree from either local public universities or UNESCO officially accredited and internationally recognized foreign institutions of higher education.", "Academic ranks in the United States __knowledge__ Academic ranks in the United States are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia.", "Academic ranks in the United States __knowledge__ For regular faculty (i.e., not counting administrative positions such as chairmanships or deanships, nor positions considered \"staff\" rather than faculty), the descending hierarchy in most cases is: Somewhat outside the regular hierarchy: [Note that while \"Professor\" as a \"proper noun\" (with a capital \"P\") generally implies a position title, the \"common noun\" \"professor\" in the US appropriately describes anyone teaching at the college level, regardless of rank; also, as a \"prenominal\" title of address, it can be capitalized without implying the title rank.", "Universities in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Universities in the United Kingdom have generally been instituted by Royal Charter, Papal Bull, Act of Parliament or an instrument of government under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.", "Universities in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ For new public universities, approval is required from the Privy Council, while private universities may be granted the right to use the title by Companies House.", "Universities in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The exact criteria for University title vary between the four countries of the United Kingdom.", "Universities in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Degree awarding powers, which are three-tiered and allow the granting of foundation degrees, taught degrees, and research degree, are granted by the Privy Council on the advice of the Quality Assurance Agency." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Professor __knowledge__ Professor (commonly abbreviated as \"Prof.\") is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.", "Professor __knowledge__ Literally, \"professor\" derives from Latin as a \"person who professes\" being usually an expert in arts or sciences, a teacher of the highest rank.", "Professor __knowledge__ In most systems of academic ranks the word \"professor\", and particularly the unqualified word, only refers to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as \"full professor\".", "Professor __knowledge__ In some countries or institutions, the word \"professor\" is also used in titles of lower ranks such as associate professor and assistant professor; this is particularly the case in the United States, where the word professor is sometimes used colloquially to refer to anyone in an academic post.", "Professor __knowledge__ This colloquial usage would be considered incorrect nearly everywhere else.", "Professor __knowledge__ Professors conduct original research and commonly teach undergraduate, professional and postgraduate courses in their fields of expertise.", "Professor __knowledge__ In universities with graduate schools, professors may mentor and supervise graduate students conducting research for a thesis or dissertation.", "Professor __knowledge__ In many universities, 'full professors' take on senior managerial roles, leading departments, research teams and institutes, and filling roles such as President, Principal or Vice-Chancellor.", "Makuuchi __knowledge__ This is the only division that is featured on NHK's standard live coverage of sumo tournaments.", "Makuuchi __knowledge__ The lower divisions are shown on their satellite coverage, with only the \"makuuchi\" broadcast having bilingual English commentary.", "Makuuchi __knowledge__ \"Makuuchi\" literally means \"inside the curtain\", a reference to the early period of professional sumo, when there was a curtained-off area reserved for the top ranked wrestlers to sit before appearing for their bouts.", "Makuuchi __knowledge__ Wrestlers are considered for promotion or demotion in rank before each grand tournament according to their performance in the one previous.", "Makuuchi __knowledge__ Generally, a greater number of wins than losses (\"kachi-koshi\") results in a promotion, and the reverse (\"make-koshi\") results in demotion.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Field marshal __knowledge__ Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) (, ) is a very senior military rank, ordinarily senior to the general officer ranks.", "Field marshal __knowledge__ Usually it is the highest rank in an army, and when it is, few (if any) persons are appointed to it.", "Field marshal __knowledge__ It is considered as a five-star rank (OF-10) in modern-day armed forces in many countries.", "Field marshal __knowledge__ Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory).", "Field marshal __knowledge__ However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and also as a brigade command rank.", "Field marshal __knowledge__ Examples of the different uses of the rank include Austria-Hungary, Prussia and Germany for an extraordinary achievement; Spain and Mexico for a divisional command (); and France, Portugal and Brazil for a brigade command (, ).", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Ranks in the Boy Scouts of America __knowledge__ The advancement program for Boy Scouts of the Boy Scouts of America is symbolized by the earning of seven ranks.", "Ranks in the Boy Scouts of America __knowledge__ The advancement program is often considered to be divided into two phases.", "Ranks in the Boy Scouts of America __knowledge__ The first phase from joining to First Class is designed to teach the boy Scoutcraft skills, how to participate in a group and to learn self-reliance.", "Ranks in the Boy Scouts of America __knowledge__ The Scout badge is awarded when the Scout demonstrates a rudimentary knowledge of the Scouting ideals and program.", "Ranks in the Boy Scouts of America __knowledge__ Tenderfoot, Second Class and First Class have progressively harder requirements in the areas of Scoutcraft, physical fitness, citizenship, personal growth and Scout Spirit.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Aristocracy of Norway refers to modern and medieval aristocracy in Norway.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Additionally, there have been economical, political, and military élites that—relating to the main lines of Norway's history—are generally accepted as nominal predecessors of the aforementioned.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Since the 16th century, modern aristocracy is known as nobility ().", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ The very first aristocracy in today's Norway appeared during the Bronze Age (c. 1800 BCc.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ 500 BC).", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ This bronze aristocracy consisted of several regional élites, whose earliest known existence dates to c. 1500 BC.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Via similar structures in the Iron Age (c. 400 BCc.", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ Brigadier general (Brig.", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ Gen.) is a senior rank in the armed forces.", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries, usually sitting between the ranks of colonel and major general.", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ When appointed to a field command, a brigadier general is typically in command of a brigade consisting of around 4,000 troops (four battalions).", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ In some countries a brigadier general is informally designated as a one-star general (OF-6).", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ In some countries, this rank is given the name of brigadier, which is often considered not to be a general-officer rank, but is usually equivalent to brigadier general in the armies of nations that use the rank.", "List of Shotokan organizations __knowledge__ This is a list of some of the larger Shotokan karate organizations.", "List of Shotokan organizations __knowledge__ The Japan Karate Association (JKA; \"Nihon Karate Kyokai\" in Japan) was formed in 1949 by several of Gichin Funakoshi's senior students.", "List of Shotokan organizations __knowledge__ The highest rank that Master Funakoshi awarded to his students was 5th Dan (5th degree black belt).", "List of Shotokan organizations __knowledge__ JKA raised the highest rank from 5th Dan to 10th Dan with less strict requirements to obtain each rank.", "List of Shotokan organizations __knowledge__ Takushoku University provided the most members initially, but Hosei, Waseda, Gakushuin, and Keio Universities also contributed members.", "List of Shotokan organizations __knowledge__ Masatoshi Nakayama (1913–1987) led the JKA, with Gichin Funakoshi holding a position equivalent to Professor Emeritus." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Professor __knowledge__ Professor (commonly abbreviated as \"Prof.\") is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.", "Professor __knowledge__ Literally, \"professor\" derives from Latin as a \"person who professes\" being usually an expert in arts or sciences, a teacher of the highest rank.", "Professor __knowledge__ In most systems of academic ranks the word \"professor\", and particularly the unqualified word, only refers to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as \"full professor\".", "Professor __knowledge__ In some countries or institutions, the word \"professor\" is also used in titles of lower ranks such as associate professor and assistant professor; this is particularly the case in the United States, where the word professor is sometimes used colloquially to refer to anyone in an academic post.", "Professor __knowledge__ This colloquial usage would be considered incorrect nearly everywhere else.", "Professor __knowledge__ Professors conduct original research and commonly teach undergraduate, professional and postgraduate courses in their fields of expertise.", "Professor __knowledge__ In universities with graduate schools, professors may mentor and supervise graduate students conducting research for a thesis or dissertation.", "Professor __knowledge__ In many universities, 'full professors' take on senior managerial roles, leading departments, research teams and institutes, and filling roles such as President, Principal or Vice-Chancellor.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "Cristina Yang __knowledge__ Cristina Yang, M.D., Ph.D., is a fictional character from the medical drama television series \"Grey's Anatomy\", which has aired for over 13 years on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States.", "Cristina Yang __knowledge__ The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by actress Sandra Oh.", "Cristina Yang __knowledge__ Introduced as a surgical intern at the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital, Yang worked her way up to resident level, eventually becoming a cardiothoracic surgical fellow, while her relationships with colleagues Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), George O'Malley (T. R. Knight), Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl), and Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) formed a focal point of the series.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "List of academic ranks __knowledge__ This list of academic ranks identifies the hierarchical ranking structure found amongst scholars in academia.", "List of academic ranks __knowledge__ The lists below refer specifically to colleges and universities throughout the world, although other institutions of higher learning may follow a similar schema.", "List of academic ranks __knowledge__ In Algeria, university teachers are initially recruited – on the basis of a competition – at the rank of \"Maître Assistant\" (Assistant Professor), only if they are holding a Doctoral degree from either local public universities or UNESCO officially accredited and internationally recognized foreign institutions of higher education.", "Academic ranks in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Academic ranks in the United Kingdom are the titles, relative importance and power of academic employees.", "Academic ranks in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, like most Commonwealth countries (excluding Australia and Canada), as well as in Ireland, traditionally a professor held either an established chair or a personal chair.", "Academic ranks in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ An established chair is established by the university to meet its needs for academic leadership and standing in a particular area or discipline and the post is filled from a shortlist of applicants; only a suitably qualified person will be appointed.", "Academic ranks in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ A personal chair is awarded specifically to an individual in recognition of their high levels of achievements and standing in their particular area or discipline.", "Lecturer __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom and Ireland, a \"lecturer\" holds an open-ended, tenure-track or tenured position at a university or similar institution, and is often an academic at an early career stage who teaches, conducts research, and leads research groups.", "Lecturer __knowledge__ Most lecturers typically hold permanent contracts at their academic institution.", "Lecturer __knowledge__ In terms of responsibilities and recognition, the position of an open-ended lecturer on a permanent contract is equivalent to assistant professor or associate professor in the North American academic system.", "Lecturer __knowledge__ This is a tenure-track or tenured position, although UK tenure has eroded since 1988.", "Academic ranks in Russia __knowledge__ Academic ranks in Russia (also called scientific ranks) are the conferred titles, indicating relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel in Russian academia and scientific institutions.", "Academic ranks in Russia __knowledge__ The rank “certifies” the demonstrated ability of an individual to function in the specific academic position(s).", "Academic ranks in Russia __knowledge__ With respect to professionals involved in teaching and/or research and employed at the universities/research institutes or in industry, there are three attributes: academic (scientific) rank, academic (scientific) degree, and position.", "Academic ranks in Russia __knowledge__ In Russia, as of 2016, the scientific ranks of a Docent (Associate Professor) and a Professor (Full Professor) are conferred.", "Docent __knowledge__ Docent is a title at some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks at or below the full professor rank.", "Docent __knowledge__ Docent is also used at some (mainly German) universities generically for a person who has the right to teach.", "Docent __knowledge__ The term is derived from the Latin word \"docēns\", which is the present active participle of \"docēre\" (to teach, to lecture).", "Docent __knowledge__ Becoming a docent is often referred to as Habilitation or Doctor of Science and is an academic evidence that proves that a holder is capable of appointment at the level of associate or full professor.", "Professors in the United States __knowledge__ In the U.S., \"professors\" commonly occupy any of several positions in academia, typically the ranks of assistant professor, associate professor, or professor.", "Professors in the United States __knowledge__ The same terms are used outside the U.S., although they often denote different roles from in the U.S. system.", "Professors in the United States __knowledge__ However, the majority of university lecturers and instructors in the United States today (2015) do not occupy these tenure-track ranks, but are part-time adjuncts.", "Professors in the United States __knowledge__ Research and education are among the main tasks of tenured and tenure-track professors, with the amount of time spent on research or teaching depending strongly on the type of institution." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 8 ]

[ "My mother is a professor .is an academic rank at universities ", "She's an an expert in arts or sciences, a teacher of the highest rank.", "academic ranks the word \"professor\", and particularly the unqualified word, only refers to the most senior academic position, ", "It depends, In many universities, 'full professors' take on senior managerial roles, leading departments, research teams and institutes, and filling roles such as President" ]

[ "Professor", "Professor", "Professor", "Professor" ]

[ "Dog\nI absolutely love dogs. I have had several in my lifetime, but at the moment I can't have one.", "Yes they do. I have had the pleasure of a teeny Cairn Terrier and four black Labs.", "What sort of diet is that?", "So they've adapted to suit a human-type diet then? They still shouldn't eat things like chocolate tho' - that's poisonous to them", "Some dogs are also very good with assisting disabled people. Labradors are particularly adept at this." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Blu's Hanging __knowledge__ Blu's Hanging is a 1997 coming-of-age novel by Lois-Ann Yamanaka.", "Blu's Hanging __knowledge__ It follows the Ogata family after the death of their mother, as each family member struggles to come to terms with their grief.", "Blu's Hanging __knowledge__ The story is told through Ivah, a smart-mouthed thirteen-year-old who is left as the oldest child to take care of her younger siblings, Blu and Maisie, while she struggles with her own grief, emerging sexuality, and awareness of the world.", "Blu's Hanging __knowledge__ Similar to Yamanaka's other works, \"Blu's Hanging\", encompasses the topics of racial politics and the diverse culture of Hawaii, as well as the coming of age of the main character amongst various sexual threats and questions.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ Stephanie Kay Bentley (born April 29, 1963 in Thomasville, Georgia) is an American country music artist.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ She made her debut in 1996 as a duet partner on Ty Herndon's single \"Heart Half Empty\", which peaked at No.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ The single was included both on Herndon's 1995 debut album \"What Mattered Most\" and on Bentley's 1996 debut album \"Hopechest\".", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ It produced three more singles for her on the country charts, although only one (\"Who's That Girl\") reached Top 40.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ Bentley found success as a songwriter, having penned Faith Hill's 1999 crossover single \"Breathe\", as well as Martina McBride's 2002 Top 5 hit \"Concrete Angel\".", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism (2009) is a book by American social psychologist Melanie Joy about the belief system and psychology of meat eating, or \"carnism\".", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Joy coined the term \"carnism\" in 2001 and developed it in her doctoral dissertation in 2003.", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Carnism is a subset of speciesism, and contrasts with ethical veganism, the moral commitment to abstain from consuming or using meat and other animal products.", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Joy, an animal advocate, was concerned about linguistic bias inherent in terms like \"carnivore\", which were inaccurate and failed to account for the \"beliefs beneath the behavior\".", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ Melanie Joy (born 2 September, 1966) is an American social psychologist and vegan activist, primarily notable for promulgating the term carnism.", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ She is a professor of psychology and sociology at the University of Massachusetts Boston, as well as the president of Beyond Carnism, also known as Carnism Awareness & Action Network (CAAN), a non-profit advocacy group which she founded in 2010.", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ She has published two books, \"Strategic Action for Animals\" and \"Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows\".", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ Joy received her M.Ed.", "Melanie Joy __knowledge__ from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, and her Ph.D. in psychology from the Saybrook Graduate School.", "Shock collar __knowledge__ The term shock collar is a term used in order to describe a family of training collars (also called e-collars, Ecollars, remote training collars, Zap collars, or electronic collars) that deliver electrical shocks of varying intensity and duration to the neck of a dog (they can also be applied to other places on the dog's body, to achieve various training effects) via a radio-controlled electronic device incorporated into a dog collar.", "Shock collar __knowledge__ Some collar models also include a tone or vibrational setting, as an alternative to or in conjunction with the shock.", "Shock collar __knowledge__ Others include integration with Internet mapping capabilities and GPS to locate the dog or alert an owner of his/her whereabouts." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Cairn Terrier __knowledge__ The Cairn Terrier is one of the oldest terrier breeds, originating in the Scottish Highlands and recognized as one of Scotland's earliest working dogs.", "Cairn Terrier __knowledge__ The breed was given the name Cairn, because the breed's function was to hunt and chase quarry between the cairns in the Scottish highlands.", "Cairn Terrier __knowledge__ Although the breed had existed long before, the name 'Cairn Terrier' was a compromise suggestion after the breed was originally brought to official shows in the United Kingdom in 1909 under the name Short-haired Skye terriers.", "Cairn Terrier __knowledge__ This name was not acceptable to The Kennel Club due to opposition from Skye Terrier breeders, and the name 'Cairn Terrier' was suggested as an alternative.", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ The Scottish Terrier (also known as the Aberdeen Terrier), popularly called the Scottie, is a breed of dog.", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ Initially one of the highland breeds of terrier that were grouped under the name of \"Skye Terrier\", it is one of five breeds of terrier that originated in Scotland, the other four being the modern Skye, Cairn, Dandie Dinmont, and West Highland White Terriers.", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ They are an independent and rugged breed with a wiry outer coat and a soft dense undercoat.", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ The First Earl of Dumbarton nicknamed the breed \"the diehard\".", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ The modern breed is said to be able to trace its lineage back to a single female, named Splinter II.", "West Highland White Terrier __knowledge__ The West Highland White Terrier, commonly known as the Westie, is a breed of dog from Scotland with a distinctive white harsh coat with a somewhat soft white undercoat.", "West Highland White Terrier __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized terrier, although with longer legs than other Scottish breeds of terrier.", "West Highland White Terrier __knowledge__ It has a white double coat of fur which fills out the dog's face, giving it a rounded appearance.", "West Highland White Terrier __knowledge__ The breed is intelligent and quick to learn and can be good with children, but does not always tolerate rough handling.", "West Highland White Terrier __knowledge__ The Westie is an active and intelligent breed, and is social with a high prey drive, as they were once used to hunt rodents.", "Terrier __knowledge__ A terrier is a dog of any one of many breeds or landraces of the terrier type, which are typically small, wiry and fearless.", "Terrier __knowledge__ Terrier breeds vary greatly in size from just to over and are usually categorized by size or function.", "Terrier __knowledge__ There are five different groups with each group having several different breeds.", "Terrier __knowledge__ Most terrier breeds were developed in Great Britain and Ireland.", "Terrier __knowledge__ They were used to control rats, rabbits, and foxes both over and under the ground.", "Terrier __knowledge__ Some larger terriers were also used to hunt badgers.", "Terrier __knowledge__ The word terrier comes from the Middle French \"terre\", derived from the Latin word for earth, \"terra\".", "Australian Terrier __knowledge__ The Australian Terrier is a small breed of dog of the terrier dog type.", "Australian Terrier __knowledge__ The breed was developed in Australia, although the ancestral types of dogs from which the breed descends were from Great Britain.", "Australian Terrier __knowledge__ The Australian Terrier is a small dog with short legs, weighing around and standing about at the withers, with a medium length shaggy harsh double coat that is not normally trimmed.", "Australian Terrier __knowledge__ Fur is shorter on the muzzle, lower legs, and feet, and there is a ruff around the neck.", "Australian Terrier __knowledge__ The coat colours are shades of blue or red with a lighter coloured topknot, and with markings on face, ears, body and legs of a colour described in the breed standard as \"tan, never sandy\".", "Kisarazu __knowledge__ Kisarazu is located in the western part of the Bōsō Peninsula.", "Kisarazu __knowledge__ The Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line, a bridge-tunnel across Tokyo Bay, connects Kisarazu and the cities of Kawasaki and Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture.", "Kisarazu __knowledge__ Chiba Prefecture The area of modern Kisarazu has been inhabited since the Japanese Paleolithic period, and numerous remains from the Jōmon, Yayoi and Kofun periods have been found within the city limits.", "Kisarazu __knowledge__ The area also is prominent in the Yamatotakeru mythology.", "Kisarazu __knowledge__ Under the \"Ritsuryō\" system of the Nara period, the area became part of Kazusa Province.", "Kisarazu __knowledge__ The area was contested between the Late Hōjō clan, Takeda clan and Satomi clan during the Sengoku period.", "Toto (Oz) __knowledge__ Toto is a fictional dog in L. Frank Baum's \"Oz\" series of children's books, and works derived from them.", "Toto (Oz) __knowledge__ The name is pronounced with a long \"O\", a homophone of \"toe toe\".", "Toto (Oz) __knowledge__ The dog was originally a small terrier drawn by W. W. Denslow for the first edition of the \"Wizard of Oz\" (1900).", "Toto (Oz) __knowledge__ He reappears in numerous adaptations, such as \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939), \"The Wiz\" (1978) and \"Return to Oz\" (1985).", "Toto (Oz) __knowledge__ Toto belongs to Dorothy Gale, the heroine of the first and many subsequent books.", "Toto (Oz) __knowledge__ In the first book, he never spoke, although other animals, native to Oz, did.", "Toto (Oz) __knowledge__ In subsequent books, other animals gained the ability to speak upon reaching Oz or similar lands, but Toto remained speechless.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ Ceramics in Mexico date back thousands of years before the Pre-Columbian period, when ceramic arts and pottery crafts developed with the first advanced civilizations and cultures of Mesoamerica.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ With one exception, pre-Hispanic wares were not glazed, but rather burnished and painted with colored fine clay slips.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ The potter's wheel was unknown as well; pieces were shaped by molding, coiling and other methods.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ After the Spanish Invasion and Conquest, European techniques and designs were introduced, nearly wiping out the native traditions.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ Indigenous traditions survive in a few pottery items such as comals, and the addition of indigenous design elements into mostly European motifs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ A dingo–dog hybrid is a cross between a dingo and a domestic dog.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ The current population of free ranging domestic dogs in Australia is now probably higher than in the past.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ However, the proportion of the so-called \"pure\" dingoes (dogs with exclusively dingo-ancestry) has been in the decrease over the last few decades due to hybridisation and is regarded as further decreasing.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ Because of this ongoing interbreeding of dingoes and other domestic dogs and the resulting hybrids, there is a much wider range of colours and body shapes today among the Australian wild dog population than in the time before the human introduction of domestic dogs.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Dog anatomy comprises the anatomical studies of the visible parts of the body of a canine.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Details of structures vary tremendously from breed to breed, more than in any other animal species, wild or domesticated, as dogs are highly variable in height and weight.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier that stood only at the shoulder, in length along the head and body, and weighed only .", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The largest known adult dog was an English Mastiff which weighed and was from the snout to the tail.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The tallest known adult dog is a Great Dane that stands at the shoulder.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Source: The following is a list of the muscles in the dog along with their origin, insertion, action and innervation.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument in the group known as \"internal duct flutes\"—flutes with a whistle mouthpiece.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ A recorder can be distinguished from other duct flutes by the presence of thumb-hole for the upper hand and seven finger-holes: three for the upper hand and four for the lower.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ It is the most prominent duct flute in the western classical tradition.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ Recorders are made in different sizes with names and compasses roughly corresponding to different vocal ranges.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ The sizes most commonly in use today are the soprano (aka \"descant\", lowest note C), alto (aka \"treble\", lowest note F), tenor (lowest note C) and bass (lowest note F).", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The dachshund ( or or ) is a short-legged, long-bodied, hound-type dog breed.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The standard size dachshund was developed to scent, chase, and flush out badgers and other burrow-dwelling animals, while the miniature dachshund was bred to hunt smaller prey such as rabbits.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ In the United States, they have also been used to track wounded deer and hunt prairie dogs.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ Dachshunds also participate in conformation shows, field trials and many other events organized through pure-bred dog organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC).", "Dachshund __knowledge__ According to the AKC, the dachshund is ranked in 13th place in popularity amongst dog breeds in the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ Normally, the carbohydrates contained in food are converted into glucose, which is then transported around the body and is particularly important in fueling brain-function.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ However, if there is little carbohydrate in the diet, the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies.", "Ketogenic diet __knowledge__ The ketone bodies pass into the brain and replace glucose as an energy source.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Paleolithic diet __knowledge__ The Paleolithic diet (also called the paleo diet, caveman diet or stone-age diet) is a modern fad diet requiring the sole or predominant consumption of foods presumed to have been the only foods available or consumed by humans during the Paleolithic era.", "Paleolithic diet __knowledge__ The digestive abilities of anatomically modern humans, however, are different from those of Paleolithic humans, which undermines the diet's core premise.", "Paleolithic diet __knowledge__ During the 2.6-million-year-long Paleolithic era, the highly variable climate and worldwide spread of human populations meant that humans were, by necessity, nutritionally adaptable.", "Paleolithic diet __knowledge__ Supporters of the diet mistakenly presuppose that human digestion has remained essentially unchanged over time.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "DASH diet __knowledge__ The DASH diet (Dietary approaches to stop hypertension) is a dietary pattern promoted by the U.S.-based National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services) to prevent and control hypertension.", "DASH diet __knowledge__ The DASH diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods; includes meat, fish, poultry, nuts, and beans; and is limited in sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, red meat, and added fats.", "DASH diet __knowledge__ In addition to its effect on blood pressure, it is designed to be a well-balanced approach to eating for the general public.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ Diet Pepsi and Diet Pepsi Classic Formula Blend are no-calorie carbonated cola soft drinks produced by PepsiCo, introduced in 1964 as a variant of Pepsi-Cola with no sugar.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ First test marketed in 1963 under the name Patio Diet Cola, it was re-branded as \"Diet Pepsi\" the following year, becoming the first diet cola to be distributed on a national scale in the United States.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ In the 1960s and 1970s its competition consisted of Tab, produced by The Coca-Cola Company, and Diet Rite soda, produced by Royal Crown.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ Diet Coke was a later entrant to the diet cola market; though shortly after entering production in 1982 it became the primary competing diet cola to Diet Pepsi.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ Low-carbohydrate diets or low-carb diets are dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ Foods high in easily digestible carbohydrates (e.g., sugar, bread, pasta) are limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of fats and moderate protein (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese, nuts, and seeds) and other foods low in carbohydrates (e.g., most salad vegetables such as spinach, kale, chard and collards), although other vegetables and fruits (especially berries) are often allowed.", "Low-carbohydrate diet __knowledge__ The amount of carbohydrate allowed varies with different low-carbohydrate diets.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Red fox __knowledge__ The red fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, North America and Eurasia.", "Red fox __knowledge__ It is listed as least concern by the IUCN.", "Red fox __knowledge__ Its range has increased alongside human expansion, having been introduced to Australia, where it is considered harmful to native mammals and bird populations.", "Red fox __knowledge__ Due to its presence in Australia, it is included among the list of the \"world's 100 worst invasive species\".", "Red fox __knowledge__ The red fox originated from smaller-sized ancestors from Eurasia during the Middle Villafranchian period, and colonised North America shortly after the Wisconsin glaciation.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ The history of Speyer begins with the establishment of a Roman camp in 10 BCE, making it one of Germany's oldest cities.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ Its name evolved from Spira, first mentioned in 614.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ As of 1294 a Free Imperial City, the town became renowned for its Romanesque cathedral, its vibrant Jewish community, its seat of the Imperial Chamber Court, for 50 diets that took place within its walls, most notably 1526 and 1529, and last but not least, for the Protestation at Speyer.", "History of Speyer __knowledge__ For several centuries from the Middle Ages into the early modern period, Speyer was one of the main centres of gravity of the Holy Roman Empire." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Shanks &amp; Bigfoot __knowledge__ Shanks & Bigfoot were a British duo of UK garage producers Steven Meade and Danny Langsman, known principally for their single \"Sweet Like Chocolate\", which topped the UK Singles Chart in 1999.", "Shanks &amp; Bigfoot __knowledge__ They were originally known as Doolally, recording the pirate anthem \"Straight from the Heart\" under this name in 1998.", "Shanks &amp; Bigfoot __knowledge__ Upon its first release, \"Straight from the Heart\" peaked at number twenty on the UK chart.", "Shanks &amp; Bigfoot __knowledge__ It was subsequently re-released in 1999 on the back of their chart success with \"Sweet Like Chocolate\", and reached number nine on the chart.", "Shanks &amp; Bigfoot __knowledge__ The single \"Sweet Like Chocolate\" was a success even before commercial release, receiving months of club play before debuting at number one on the UK Singles Chart, where it remained for two weeks.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Blood type diet __knowledge__ The blood type diets are fad diets advocated by several authors, the most prominent of whom is Peter J.", "Blood type diet __knowledge__ D'Adamo.", "Blood type diet __knowledge__ These diets are based on the notion that blood type, according to the ABO blood group system, is the most important factor in determining a healthy diet, and each author recommends a distinct diet for each blood type.", "Blood type diet __knowledge__ The consensus among dietitians, physicians, and scientists is that these diets are unsupported by scientific evidence.", "Blood type diet __knowledge__ The underlying hypothesis of blood type diets is that people with different blood types digest lectins differently, and that if people eat food that is not compatible with their blood type, they will experience many health problems.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ A free-ranging dog is a dog that is not contained.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ Free-ranging dogs include wild dogs, feral dogs, stray dogs, street dogs, and village dogs, as well as dogs allowed to come and go freely by their owners.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ The term is used when distinctions of ownership are irrelevant.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ It sometimes overlaps with the polysemic term \"pariah dog\".", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ It is estimated that free-ranging dogs make up 75–80% of the global dog population.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ The World Health Organization reports that there are 200 million stray dogs worldwide.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ Ecologists find it important at times to distinguish between urban free-ranging dogs and rural free-ranging dogs.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The biological family Canidae The cat-like feliforms and dog-like caniforms emerged within the Carnivoramorpha 43 million years before present.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The caniforms included the fox-like genus \"Leptocyon\" whose various species existed from 34 million years before present before branching 11.9 million YBP into Vulpini (foxes) and Canini (canines).", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied human beings over extended periods of time.", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids vary in size from the 2-m-long (6 ft 7 in) gray wolf to the 24-cm-long (9.4 in) fennec fox.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular breed of dog) has been studied in detail, and found to depend on several distinct genes.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The interplay between these genes is broadly used as an example of epistasis.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ Labrador Retrievers are a popular breed of dog in many countries.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ There are three recognised colours, black, chocolate, and yellow, that result from the interplay among genes that direct production and expression of two pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin, in the fur and skin of the dog.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador.", "Sexuality and disability __knowledge__ Sexuality and disability is sexual behavior and practices of disabled people.", "Sexuality and disability __knowledge__ Disabled people have a range of sexual desires and differ in the ways they choose to express their sexuality.", "Sexuality and disability __knowledge__ Commonly, people with disabilities lack sex education that would assist in their sexual lives.", "Sexuality and disability __knowledge__ This roots from the idea that disabled people are asexual in nature and are not sexually active.", "Sexuality and disability __knowledge__ Although some disabled people are asexual, it is a misconception to label all as such.", "Sexuality and disability __knowledge__ Many disabled people lack rights and privileges to have intimacy and relationships.", "Sexuality and disability __knowledge__ When it comes to sexuality and disability there is a sexual discourse that surrounds it.", "Disability __knowledge__ Disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or some combination of these.", "Disability __knowledge__ It substantially affects a person's life activities and may be present from birth or occur during a person's lifetime.", "Disability __knowledge__ Disability is a contested concept, with different meanings for different communities.", "Disability __knowledge__ It may be used to refer to physical or mental attributes that some institutions, particularly medicine, view as needing to be fixed (the medical model).", "Disability __knowledge__ It may refer to limitations imposed on people by the constraints of an ableist society (the social model).", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Disability and employment in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ A person has a disability if they have a 'physical or mental impairment and that impairment has a substantial or long-term adverse effect on the individuals' ability to carry out normal, day-to-day activities'...", "Disability and employment in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Even in times of awareness on issues such as gender and race equality in employment, disabled people are still under-represented in the labour market.", "Disability and employment in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The employment rate for disabled people of working age in the UK is 45%, whereas those without a disability it is 77%.", "Disability and employment in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ This is in spite of The Equality Act 2010 requiring employers to make reasonable adjustments for a disabled person so they are not at a 'substantial disadvantage'.", "Disabled People Against Cuts __knowledge__ Disabled People Against Cuts (DPAC) is an organisation based in the United Kingdom for disabled people and allies to campaign against the impact of government spending cuts on the lives of disabled people.", "Disabled People Against Cuts __knowledge__ Formed on 3 October 2010 DPAC promotes full human rights and equality for all disabled people, and operates from the Social Model of Disability.", "Disabled People Against Cuts __knowledge__ The 'Disabled People Protest' demonstration took place outside the Conservative Party annual conference on 3 October 2010 in the pouring rain in Birmingham, England.", "Disabled People Against Cuts __knowledge__ This was the first mass protest against the impact of austerity cuts to disabled people.", "Optical fiber __knowledge__ An optical fiber or optical fibre is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.", "Optical fiber __knowledge__ Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiber-optic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than wire cables.", "Optical fiber __knowledge__ Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss; in addition, fibers are immune to electromagnetic interference, a problem from which metal wires suffer excessively.", "Precision glass moulding __knowledge__ Precision glass moulding is a replicative process that allows the production of high precision optical components from glass without grinding and polishing.", "Precision glass moulding __knowledge__ The process is also known as ultra-precision glass pressing.", "Precision glass moulding __knowledge__ It is used to manufacture precision glass lenses for consumer products such as digital cameras, and high-end products like medical systems.", "Precision glass moulding __knowledge__ The main advantage over mechanical lens production is that complex lens geometries such as aspheres can be produced cost-efficiently.", "Precision glass moulding __knowledge__ The precision glass moulding process consists of six steps: The process is executed on a specialized moulding machine, which precisely controls the temperature, travel, and force during the process.", "Ceramic matrix composite __knowledge__ Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are a subgroup of composite materials as well as a subgroup of ceramics.", "Ceramic matrix composite __knowledge__ They consist of ceramic fibres embedded in a ceramic matrix, thus forming a ceramic fibre reinforced ceramic () material.", "Ceramic matrix composite __knowledge__ The matrix and fibres can consist of any ceramic material, whereby carbon and carbon fibres can also be considered a ceramic material.", "Ceramic matrix composite __knowledge__ The motivation to develop CMCs was to overcome the problems associated with the conventional technical ceramics like alumina, silicon carbide, aluminium nitride, silicon nitride or zirconia – they fracture easily under mechanical or thermo-mechanical loads because of cracks initiated by small defects or scratches.", "Blow molding __knowledge__ Blow molding ( BrE moulding ) is a manufacturing process by which hollow plastic parts are formed: It is also used for forming glass bottles.", "Blow molding __knowledge__ In general, there are three main types of blow molding: extrusion blow molding, injection blow molding, and injection stretch blow molding.", "Blow molding __knowledge__ The blow molding process begins with melting down the plastic and forming it into a parison or in the case of injection and injection stretch blow moulding (ISB) a preform.", "Blow molding __knowledge__ The parison is a tube-like piece of plastic with a hole in one end through which compressed air can pass.", "Blow molding __knowledge__ The parison is then clamped into a mold and air is blown into it.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting." ] ]

[ 6, 4, 4, 7, 3 ]

[ "Dogs can come in a wide variety of shapes colors, and sizes.", "Dog's association with humans have led their bodies to become accustomed to a different diet.", "Dogs have a starch rich diet that would not work well with other canid species.", "Dogs have come to preform many roles for people like hunting and herding, as well as assisting police.", "Dogs were the first species ever to be fully domesticated." ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "University of Alabama\nI am a geology major @ the University of Alabama", "Do they have a basketball team?", "What's the versity football programme set up to achieve?", "Interesting! Do you know the current ranking of U.A amongst the world ranked universities?", "Who was president George?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The University of Alabama (Alabama or UA) is a public research university located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States, and the flagship of the University of Alabama System.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ Founded in 1820, UA is the oldest and largest of the public universities in Alabama.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ UA offers programs of study in 13 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, Education Specialist, and doctoral degrees.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The only publicly supported law school in the state is at UA.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ Other academic programs unavailable elsewhere in Alabama include doctoral programs in anthropology, communication and information sciences, metallurgical engineering, music, Romance languages, and social work.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ As one of the first public universities established in the early 19th century southwestern frontier of the United States, the University of Alabama has left a vast cultural imprint on the state, region and nation over the past two centuries.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The school was a center of activity during the American Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The University of Alabama varsity football program (nicknamed the \"Crimson Tide\"), which was inaugurated in 1892, ranks as one of 10 winningest programs in US history.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ In a 1913 speech then-president George H. Denny extolled the university as the \"capstone of the public school system in the state [of Alabama],\" lending the university its current nickname, \"The Capstone\".", "Flood geology __knowledge__ Flood geology (also creation geology or diluvial geology) is the attempt to interpret and reconcile geological features of the Earth in accordance with a literal belief in the global flood described in Genesis .", "Flood geology __knowledge__ In the early-19th century, diluvial geologists hypothesized that specific surface features were evidence of a worldwide flood which had followed earlier geological eras; after further investigation they agreed that these features resulted from local floods or glaciers.", "Flood geology __knowledge__ In the 20th century, young Earth creationists revived flood geology as an overarching concept in their opposition to evolution, assuming a recent six-day Creation and cataclysmic geological changes during the Biblical Deluge, and incorporating creationist explanations of the sequence of rock strata.", "Alabama __knowledge__ Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Alabama __knowledge__ It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west.", "Alabama __knowledge__ Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states.", "Alabama __knowledge__ With a total of of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state.", "Alabama __knowledge__ Alabama is nicknamed the \"Yellowhammer State\", after the state bird.", "Alabama __knowledge__ Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\".", "Alabama __knowledge__ The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia.", "Alabama __knowledge__ Alabama's capital is Montgomery.", "Lou Henry Hoover __knowledge__ Lou Henry Hoover (March 29, 1874 – January 7, 1944) was the wife of President of the United States Herbert Hoover and served as First Lady from 1929 to 1933.", "Lou Henry Hoover __knowledge__ Marrying her geologist and mining engineer husband in 1899, she traveled widely with him, including to Shanghai, China, and became a cultivated scholar and linguist.", "Lou Henry Hoover __knowledge__ She made extensive study of languages including Latin, Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, Italian and French, and is the only First Lady to have spoken an Asian language.", "Lou Henry Hoover __knowledge__ She oversaw construction of the presidential retreat at Rapidan Camp in Madison County, Virginia.", "Lou Henry Hoover __knowledge__ She was the first First Lady to make regular nationwide radio broadcasts.", "Julia and Vanessa Kapatelis __knowledge__ Julia Kapatelis and her daughter Vanessa \"Nessie\" Kapatelis are fictional characters created by writer/artist George Pérez for the \"Wonder Woman\" ongoing series published by DC Comics.", "Julia and Vanessa Kapatelis __knowledge__ Debuting in 1987, the Kapatelises would serve as recurring supporting characters for Wonder Woman until the 2000s.", "Julia and Vanessa Kapatelis __knowledge__ Julia was born in Cefalonia, Greece to Greek Orthodox parents Agostos and Maria Deneiros in the 1930s.", "Julia and Vanessa Kapatelis __knowledge__ In June 1937, while still a toddler, Julia went sailing with her parents on the Ionian Sea but fell overboard due to a sudden storm.", "Julia and Vanessa Kapatelis __knowledge__ She was rescued from drowning by the goddess Thetis.", "Julia and Vanessa Kapatelis __knowledge__ Thetis would rescue mortal female children she deemed \"special\" and safely transport them to the shores of Themyscira's Island of Healing.", "Bermuda land snail __knowledge__ Bermuda land snails, scientific name Poecilozonites, are an endemic genus of pulmonate land snail in the family Gastrodontidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).", "Bermuda land snail __knowledge__ 12 species are known from the fossil record, and 4 of these species (\"bermudensis\", \"nelsoni\", \"circumfirmatus\", \"reinianus\") survived into modern times, but due to the highly negative effects of human development, that number has been reduced down to two.", "Bermuda land snail __knowledge__ Scientists believe that \"Poecilozonites\" colonised the mid-Atlantic island of Bermuda at least 300,000 years ago.", "Bermuda land snail __knowledge__ \"Poecilozonites\" makes up 95% of Bermuda's terrestrial fossils.", "Josiah Edward Spurr __knowledge__ Josiah Edward Spurr (1870–1950) was an American geologist, explorer, and author.", "Josiah Edward Spurr __knowledge__ Born in Gloucester, Massachusetts, he was considered something of a failure as a youth, unsuited for the family fishing business, since on a voyage he invariably became seasick.", "Josiah Edward Spurr __knowledge__ Since he could not be a productive fisherman like his brothers, his parents decided he might as well go to college.", "Josiah Edward Spurr __knowledge__ After working his way through Harvard, he began his career with the Minnesota Geological Survey, making the first-ever geological map of the great Mesabi iron range in Minnesota.", "Josiah Edward Spurr __knowledge__ J. E. Spurr led two expeditions of historic importance in Alaska for the United States Geological Survey in 1896 and 1898, made without the benefit of telephones, airplanes, the internal combustion engine, or electrical appliances.", "Nick Saban __knowledge__ Nicholas Lou Saban Jr. (; born October 31, 1951) is an American football coach who has been the head football coach at the University of Alabama since 2007.", "Nick Saban __knowledge__ Saban previously served as head coach of the National Football League's Miami Dolphins and three other universities: Louisiana State University, Michigan State University, and the University of Toledo.", "Nick Saban __knowledge__ Saban's career record as a college head coach is 218–62–1..", "Nick Saban __knowledge__ He is regarded by many as the greatest college coach of all time.", "Nick Saban __knowledge__ Saban led the LSU Tigers to the BCS National Championship in 2003 and the Alabama Crimson Tide to BCS and AP national championships in 2009, 2011, 2012, and College Football Playoff championships in 2015 and 2017." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The University of Alabama (Alabama or UA) is a public research university located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States, and the flagship of the University of Alabama System.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ Founded in 1820, UA is the oldest and largest of the public universities in Alabama.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ UA offers programs of study in 13 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, Education Specialist, and doctoral degrees.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The only publicly supported law school in the state is at UA.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ Other academic programs unavailable elsewhere in Alabama include doctoral programs in anthropology, communication and information sciences, metallurgical engineering, music, Romance languages, and social work.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ As one of the first public universities established in the early 19th century southwestern frontier of the United States, the University of Alabama has left a vast cultural imprint on the state, region and nation over the past two centuries.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The school was a center of activity during the American Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The University of Alabama varsity football program (nicknamed the \"Crimson Tide\"), which was inaugurated in 1892, ranks as one of 10 winningest programs in US history.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ In a 1913 speech then-president George H. Denny extolled the university as the \"capstone of the public school system in the state [of Alabama],\" lending the university its current nickname, \"The Capstone\".", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's basketball competition.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The University of Texas began varsity intercollegiate competition in men's basketball in 1906.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Longhorns rank 17th in total victories among all NCAA Division I college basketball programs and 25th in all-time win percentage among programs with at least 50 years in Division I, with an all-time win-loss record of 1759–1057 ().", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ Among Big 12 Conference men's basketball programs, Texas is second only to Kansas in both all-time wins and all-time win percentage.", "List of Slam Dunk characters __knowledge__ The manga and anime series \"Slam Dunk\" features a cast of fictional characters created by Takehiko Inoue.", "List of Slam Dunk characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in Japan, with the main characters being high school basketball players from Kanagawa Prefecture.", "List of Slam Dunk characters __knowledge__ It tells the story of Hanamichi Sakuragi, a teenager who falls in love with Haruko Akagi after being rejected by 50 other girls.", "List of Slam Dunk characters __knowledge__ However, as Haruko is in love with Kaede Rukawa, a popular and talented basketball player, Sakuragi decides to join the Shohoku High School basketball team to surpass Rukawa and make Haruko fall in love with him.", "List of Slam Dunk characters __knowledge__ As he starts learning how to play basketball, Sakuragi starts liking the sport and resolves to become the best player.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ The Lithuania men's national basketball team (Lithuanian: \"Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė\") participates in FIBA's competitions.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ Despite Lithuania's small size, with a population of just almost 2.9 million, the country's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ The Lithuanian team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II, in 1937 and 1939.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin, who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the \"grandfather of Lithuanian basketball\".", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ Following the country's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war, Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team.", "Basketball in Greece __knowledge__ The sport of basketball in Greece erupted with the senior men's Greek national basketball team's win at the FIBA EuroBasket 1987 in Piraeus, which caused a general basketball euphoria in the country.", "Basketball in Greece __knowledge__ Since then, men's Greek national teams have reached constant international success, leading Greece to join Russia, Serbia, Croatia, Italy, Spain, France, and Lithuania in the circle of European basketball powers.", "Basketball in Greece __knowledge__ In addition to the national team's triumph in 1987, Greece won a gold medal at the FIBA EuroBasket 2005, silver medals at the FIBA EuroBasket 1989 and the 2006 FIBA World Championship, as well as the bronze medal at the FIBA EuroBasket 2009.", "Ateneo Blue Eagles __knowledge__ The Ateneo Blue Eagles is the collegiate men's varsity basketball team of the Ateneo de Manila University that plays in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), the premiere collegiate league in the Philippines.", "Ateneo Blue Eagles __knowledge__ The collegiate women's varsity basketball team is called the \"Lady Eagles\" while the high school varsity basketball team is called the \"Blue Eaglets\".", "Ateneo Blue Eagles __knowledge__ The Ateneo collegiate men's varsity basketball team was not always called the Blue Eagles.", "Ateneo Blue Eagles __knowledge__ It got the name Blue Eagles when Ateneo adopted the \"Eagle\" as its mascot in 1938.", "Ateneo Blue Eagles __knowledge__ Prior to that, from 1914 it was known under different names.", "Connecticut Huskies women's basketball __knowledge__ The Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team is the college basketball program representing the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut, in NCAA Division I women's basketball competition.", "Connecticut Huskies women's basketball __knowledge__ They currently play in the American Athletic Conference, the successor of the Big East Conference, as the last remaining original member of the conference.", "Connecticut Huskies women's basketball __knowledge__ The UConn Huskies are the most successful women's basketball program in the nation, having won a record 11 NCAA Division I National Championships (tied with the UCLA Bruins men's basketball team) and a women's record four in a row (2013–2016), plus over 40 conference regular season and tournament championships.", "Tommy Amaker __knowledge__ Harold Tommy Amaker (; born June 6, 1965) is an American NCAA Division I college basketball coach and the head coach of the Harvard University men's basketball team.", "Tommy Amaker __knowledge__ He has also coached for the University of Michigan and Seton Hall University.", "Tommy Amaker __knowledge__ He played point guard and later served as an assistant coach at Duke University under Mike Krzyzewski.", "Tommy Amaker __knowledge__ An All-American player, Amaker set numerous records and earned many honors and awards.", "Tommy Amaker __knowledge__ He took Seton Hall to the post season in each of his four seasons as their coach, helped Michigan win the National Invitation Tournament the year after a probationary ban from postseason play, and had the three highest single-season win totals in the history of Harvard basketball, the school's first five Ivy League championships and first NCAA tournament victory.", "Education in Texas __knowledge__ Texas has over 1,000 public school districts—all but one of the school districts in Texas are \"independent\", separate from any form of municipal government.", "Education in Texas __knowledge__ School districts may (and often do) cross city and county boundaries.", "Education in Texas __knowledge__ Independent school districts have the power to tax their residents and to assert eminent domain over privately owned property.", "Education in Texas __knowledge__ The Texas Education Agency (TEA) oversees these districts, providing supplemental funding, but its jurisdiction is limited mostly to intervening in poorly performing districts.", "Education in Texas __knowledge__ 36 separate and distinct public universities exist in Texas, of which 32 belong to one of the six state university systems.", "King's College London __knowledge__ King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a founding constituent college of the federal University of London.", "King's College London __knowledge__ King's was established in 1829 by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington, when it received its first royal charter (as a university college), and claims to be the fourth oldest university institution in England.", "King's College London __knowledge__ In 1836, King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London.", "King's College London __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, King's grew through a series of mergers, including with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology (in 1985), the Institute of Psychiatry (in 1997), the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery (in 1998).", "List of universities in Canada __knowledge__ Universities in Canada are established and operate under provincial government charters.", "List of universities in Canada __knowledge__ Most schools are members of Universities Canada (formerly the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC)).", "List of universities in Canada __knowledge__ The title \"university\" is protected under federal regulation.", "List of universities in Canada __knowledge__ Higher education institutions in Canada are prevented from becoming diploma mills by provincial legislation and regulation.", "List of universities in Canada __knowledge__ Each Canadian university is autonomous in academic matters including policies and procedures of quality assurance of its programs, instructors and procedures.", "List of universities in Canada __knowledge__ Membership of Universities Canada, and the university's provincial government charter, are seen as serving in lieu of institutional accreditation, both in Canada and abroad.", "University of Victoria __knowledge__ The University of Victoria (Victoria University, UVic, or simply Old Blue) is a major research university located in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.", "University of Victoria __knowledge__ The University of Victoria, founded in 1963, is the oldest university in British Columbia and began as Victoria College in 1903, as an affiliated branch of McGill University.", "University of Victoria __knowledge__ The University of Victoria is a non-denominational institution which is mostly centred around the leafy suburbs of Oak Bay.", "University of Victoria __knowledge__ The university consists of more than 22,000 students, including many post-graduate and doctoral candidates.", "University of Victoria __knowledge__ The University of Victoria is one of the most international universities in Canada, attracting students from around the world.", "University of Oxford __knowledge__ The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford; informally Oxford University or simply Oxford) is a prestigious and highly selective collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.", "University of Oxford __knowledge__ It has no known date of foundation, but there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation.", "University of Oxford __knowledge__ It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.", "University of Oxford __knowledge__ After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge.", "Comma __knowledge__ The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages.", "Comma __knowledge__ It has the same shape as an apostrophe or single closing quotation mark in many typefaces, but it differs from them in being placed on the baseline of the text.", "Comma __knowledge__ Some typefaces render it as a small line, slightly curved or straight but inclined from the vertical, or with the appearance of a small, filled-in .", "Comma __knowledge__ The comma is used in many contexts and languages, mainly for separating parts of a sentence such as clauses, and items in lists, particularly when there are three or more items listed.", "Comma __knowledge__ The word \"comma\" comes from the Greek (), which originally meant a cut-off piece; specifically, in grammar, a short clause.", "Aarhus __knowledge__ Aarhus (; officially spelled Århus from 1948 until 31 December 2010) is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus municipality.", "Aarhus __knowledge__ It is located on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula, in the geographical centre of Denmark, northwest of Copenhagen and north of Hamburg, Germany.", "Aarhus __knowledge__ The inner urban area contains 269,022 inhabitants () and the municipal population is 335,684 ().", "Aarhus __knowledge__ Aarhus is the central city in the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.", "Aarhus __knowledge__ The history of Aarhus began as a fortified Viking settlement founded in the 8th century and with the first written records stemming from the bishopric seated here from at least 948." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The University of Alabama (Alabama or UA) is a public research university located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States, and the flagship of the University of Alabama System.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ Founded in 1820, UA is the oldest and largest of the public universities in Alabama.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ UA offers programs of study in 13 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, Education Specialist, and doctoral degrees.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The only publicly supported law school in the state is at UA.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ Other academic programs unavailable elsewhere in Alabama include doctoral programs in anthropology, communication and information sciences, metallurgical engineering, music, Romance languages, and social work.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ As one of the first public universities established in the early 19th century southwestern frontier of the United States, the University of Alabama has left a vast cultural imprint on the state, region and nation over the past two centuries.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The school was a center of activity during the American Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The University of Alabama varsity football program (nicknamed the \"Crimson Tide\"), which was inaugurated in 1892, ranks as one of 10 winningest programs in US history.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ In a 1913 speech then-president George H. Denny extolled the university as the \"capstone of the public school system in the state [of Alabama],\" lending the university its current nickname, \"The Capstone\".", "Football programme __knowledge__ The purchase of a football programme has long been part of the 'ritual' of attending a football match in Great Britain, along with a pint and/or a pie.", "Football programme __knowledge__ Due to their initial expendable nature (like the ticket) it took many decades for the format to gain respectability as a collectible.", "Football programme __knowledge__ Collecting programmes became a common hobby among fans during the 1960s and from then on a number of specialist dealers began to appear.", "Football programme __knowledge__ It is now quite common for a 1920s FA Cup Final programme to fetch in excess of £1000 at auction houses such as Sotheby's or Bonhams with said sale receiving national press coverage.", "N'Versity __knowledge__ N'Versity was an American girl group from Pomona, California.", "N'Versity __knowledge__ The group were most notable for their two-time appearance on NBC's \"America's Got Talent\".", "N'Versity __knowledge__ The group consisted of members Cassy, Kandie and BB.", "N'Versity __knowledge__ On September 2, 2006, N'Versity won the award for Best Rising Star Female Vocal Group at the Las Vegas Music Awards.", "N'Versity __knowledge__ The group's co-founder was Kandie.", "N'Versity __knowledge__ The group were formerly named Blush 3, but later renamed themselves UNEEK.", "N'Versity __knowledge__ However, the name was changed again because other artists had already used the name.", "N'Versity __knowledge__ The group were finally named 'N'Versity.", "N'Versity __knowledge__ The name is a take on the words unity and diversity because of the girls' different ethnic backgrounds.", "See You, See Me __knowledge__ See you, See me is an Educational programme set in Scotland.", "See You, See Me __knowledge__ It aired on BBC2 for several series between 1993 and 2005.", "See You, See Me __knowledge__ The equivalent programme broadcast from London was \"Zig Zag\", as both series focused on the 7 - 9 age group.", "See You, See Me __knowledge__ Some early episodes were 15 minutes in length, while most programmes were 20 minutes.", "See You, See Me __knowledge__ Grant Stott and Wilma Kennedy were the presenters from the beginning until the 2000s.", "See You, See Me __knowledge__ Three series involved exploring Scottish Physical Features which saw the arrival of Goggs the Alien and Tess McCalli.", "See You, See Me __knowledge__ Tess had a call from an American man called Mr Penneny who lived in New York City.", "Konrad Henlein __knowledge__ Konrad Ernst Eduard Henlein (6 May 1898 – 10 May 1945) was a leading Sudeten German politician in Czechoslovakia.", "Konrad Henlein __knowledge__ Upon the German occupation he joined the Nazi Party as well as the \"SS\" and was appointed \"Reichsstatthalter\" of the Sudetenland in 1939.", "Konrad Henlein __knowledge__ Konrad Henlein was born in Maffersdorf (present-day Vratislavice nad Nisou) near Reichenberg (Liberec), in what was then the Bohemian crown land of Austria-Hungary.", "Konrad Henlein __knowledge__ His father Konrad Henlein sen. worked as an accounts clerk.", "Konrad Henlein __knowledge__ His mother, Hedwig Anna Augusta Dworatschek (Dvořáček), was the daughter of a German-speaking mother and a father of Czech origin.", "Vidiprinter __knowledge__ The vidiprinter is the name given to a sports scores and results ticker service provided to media organisations.", "Vidiprinter __knowledge__ It is familiar to football fans because the football version of the vidiprinter is seen on BBC One and Sky Sports News when significant games are in progress.", "Vidiprinter __knowledge__ Since its inception, the vidiprinter service was supplied by the Press Association, the UK's national and international news and sport agency.", "Vidiprinter __knowledge__ From the 2013–14 season, the contract was taken over by Opta Sports.", "Vidiprinter __knowledge__ The BBC, Sky Sports and BT Sport show a vidiprinter during their scores and results programmes.", "Vidiprinter __knowledge__ Their vidiprinters appear at the start of the 3 pm kick-offs until 5 pm when all the results are in although Sky Sports keeps the vidiprinter onscreen whilst the channel broadcasts its classifled check and whilst presenter Jeff Stelling goes through the updated league tables meaning that the vidiprinter is shown on Sky Sports News from 3pm until around 5:10pm.", "Guinea-Bissau women's national football team __knowledge__ Guinea-Bissau women's national football team is a FIFA-recognised team representing Guinea-Bissau in international association football matches.", "Guinea-Bissau women's national football team __knowledge__ Guinea-Bissau have played in two FIFA-recognised matches, both in 2006 against Guinea.", "Guinea-Bissau women's national football team __knowledge__ The country also has a national under-17 side which participated in the 2012 Confederation of African Football qualifiers for the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.", "Guinea-Bissau women's national football team __knowledge__ Football is the most popular women's sport in the country.", "Guinea-Bissau women's national football team __knowledge__ A women's football programme was established in 2004, followed by the creation of a women's national league.", "Guinea-Bissau women's national football team __knowledge__ In 1985, few countries had women's national football teams.", "Burundi women's national football team __knowledge__ The Burundi women's national football team represents Burundi in women's international football competitions.", "Burundi women's national football team __knowledge__ The team, however, has not competed in a match recognised by FIFA, the sport's international governing body.", "Burundi women's national football team __knowledge__ A senior national team is inactive, but an under-20 team has played in numerous matches.", "Burundi women's national football team __knowledge__ Further development of football in the country faces challenges found across Africa, including inequality and limited access to education for women.", "Burundi women's national football team __knowledge__ A women's football programme did not exist in Burundi until 2000, and only 455 players had registered for participation on the national level by 2006.", "François de Ripert-Monclar __knowledge__ François de Ripert-Monclar (1844–1921) was a French aristocrat, landowner and diplomat.", "François de Ripert-Monclar __knowledge__ François de Ripert-Monclar was born on 31 May 1844.", "François de Ripert-Monclar __knowledge__ He came from an aristocratic family: his ancestor Jean-Pierre-François de Ripert-Monclar (1711-1773) had been granted the marquisate of Monclar in 1769 by King Louis XV of France (inherited by all direct male heirs).", "François de Ripert-Monclar __knowledge__ Ripert-Monclar graduated from the École Nationale des Chartes in 1865, with a thesis entitled \"Essai sur la domination des empereurs d'Allemagne en Dauphiné et en Provence au moyen âge\" (\"Essay on the domination of the emperors of Germany in the Dauphiné and in Provence in the Middle Ages\").", "History of Tennessee Volunteers football __knowledge__ The Tennessee Volunteers football team represents the University of Tennessee in American football.", "History of Tennessee Volunteers football __knowledge__ Tennessee's football program began in 1891, organized in large part by Henry Denlinger, a teacher who had played at Princeton.", "History of Tennessee Volunteers football __knowledge__ The team's first game, a loss to , was played on November 21, 1891.", "History of Tennessee Volunteers football __knowledge__ The program's first win did not come until October 25, 1892, when they defeated Maryville College in Maryville, Tennessee, by a score of 25–0.", "History of Tennessee Volunteers football __knowledge__ Tennessee competed in their first 5 seasons without a coach.", "History of Tennessee Volunteers football __knowledge__ In October 1894, the Athletic Association had resolved to drop varsity football and look forward to baseball in the spring of 1895.", "Ponte Vedra High School __knowledge__ Ponte Vedra High School (PVHS) is a public high school in the St. Johns County School District, located in northeast St. Johns County, Florida.", "Ponte Vedra High School __knowledge__ The high school was constructed to relieve overcrowding at Allen D. Nease High School.", "Ponte Vedra High School __knowledge__ The school is within the Nocatee \"Development of Regional Impact\" and zoned for the community of Ponte Vedra Beach, but only communities across the river are actually zoned for the school.", "Ponte Vedra High School __knowledge__ Total budget was $63,590,000, which included building, grounds, furniture and equipment.", "Ponte Vedra High School __knowledge__ Ponte Vedra High School has a capacity of 1,500 students.", "Ponte Vedra High School __knowledge__ The school is composed of three connected two-story building clusters with an open courtyard in the center.", "History of Michigan Wolverines football in the early years __knowledge__ The History of Michigan Wolverines football in the early years covers the history of the University of Michigan Wolverines football program from its formation in the 1870s through the hiring of Fielding H. Yost prior to the 1901 season.", "History of Michigan Wolverines football in the early years __knowledge__ Michigan was independent of any conference until 1896 when it became one of the founding members of the Western Conference (now known as the Big Ten Conference).", "History of Michigan Wolverines football in the early years __knowledge__ The team played its home games at the Washtenaw County Fairgrounds from 1883 to 1892 and then at Regents Field starting in 1893.", "History of Michigan Wolverines football in the early years __knowledge__ While the first official university football team was not formed until 1879, class football teams were formed as early as 1870.", "Jean-Pierre-François de Ripert-Monclar __knowledge__ Jean-Pierre-François de Ripert-Monclar (1711-1773) was a French aristocrat, landowner and lawyer.", "Jean-Pierre-François de Ripert-Monclar __knowledge__ Jean-Pierre-François de Ripert-Monclar was born in 1711 in the Château Royal de Saint-Saturnin, a family château in Saint-Saturnin-lès-Apt where his family spent their holidays.", "Jean-Pierre-François de Ripert-Monclar __knowledge__ His father was General Prosecutor of the Parliament of Aix-en-Provence.", "Jean-Pierre-François de Ripert-Monclar __knowledge__ He was educated at the College d'Harcourt in Paris.", "Jean-Pierre-François de Ripert-Monclar __knowledge__ A landowner, King Louis XV of France granted him (and all direct male heir) the marquisate of Monclar in 1769.", "Jean-Pierre-François de Ripert-Monclar __knowledge__ Like his father, he served as General Prosecutor of the Parliament of Aix-en-Provence, in 1732.", "Stony Brook Seawolves football __knowledge__ The Stony Brook Seawolves football program is the collegiate football team that represents Stony Brook University in the National Collegiate Athletic Association.", "Stony Brook Seawolves football __knowledge__ The program participates in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision and currently competes in the eleven-member Colonial Athletic Association.", "Stony Brook Seawolves football __knowledge__ The program plays it home games at Kenneth P. LaValle Stadium in Stony Brook, New York.", "Stony Brook Seawolves football __knowledge__ Stony Brook first fielded a varsity team in 1983 and rose to Division II in 1994.", "Stony Brook Seawolves football __knowledge__ In 1999 the Seawolves rose to Division I non-scholarship as part of the Northeast Conference until the 2006 season in which scholarships were first granted.", "Rio Americano High School __knowledge__ Rio Americano High School, colloquially known as Rio, is a public high school in Sacramento, California, serving students in grades 9 through 12 as part of the San Juan Unified School District.", "Rio Americano High School __knowledge__ Rio Americano students come from the surrounding areas of Arden Park, Arden Oaks, Sierra Oaks, Fair Oaks, Carmichael, Gold River, and to a much lesser extent, the La Sierra community.", "Rio Americano High School __knowledge__ In recent years, more students have been transferring from other districts and areas, partly due to the shift of Sacramento High School to a charter school.", "Rio Americano High School __knowledge__ Rio's two rival schools are Jesuit High School and El Camino Fundamental High School because of its close proximity to the Arden Park area." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The University of Alabama (Alabama or UA) is a public research university located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States, and the flagship of the University of Alabama System.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ Founded in 1820, UA is the oldest and largest of the public universities in Alabama.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ UA offers programs of study in 13 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, Education Specialist, and doctoral degrees.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The only publicly supported law school in the state is at UA.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ Other academic programs unavailable elsewhere in Alabama include doctoral programs in anthropology, communication and information sciences, metallurgical engineering, music, Romance languages, and social work.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ As one of the first public universities established in the early 19th century southwestern frontier of the United States, the University of Alabama has left a vast cultural imprint on the state, region and nation over the past two centuries.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The school was a center of activity during the American Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The University of Alabama varsity football program (nicknamed the \"Crimson Tide\"), which was inaugurated in 1892, ranks as one of 10 winningest programs in US history.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ In a 1913 speech then-president George H. Denny extolled the university as the \"capstone of the public school system in the state [of Alabama],\" lending the university its current nickname, \"The Capstone\".", "College and university rankings __knowledge__ College and university rankings are rankings of institutions in higher education which have been ranked on the basis of various combinations of various factors.", "College and university rankings __knowledge__ Rankings have most often been conducted by magazines, newspapers, websites, governments, or academics.", "College and university rankings __knowledge__ In addition to ranking entire institutions, organizations perform rankings of specific programs, departments, and schools.", "College and university rankings __knowledge__ Various rankings consider combinations of measures of funding and endowment, research excellence and/or influence, specialization expertise, admissions, student options, award numbers, internationalization, graduate employment, industrial linkage, historical reputation and other criteria.", "Durham University __knowledge__ Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university in Durham, North East England, with a second campus in Stockton-on-Tees.", "Durham University __knowledge__ It was founded by an Act of Parliament in 1832 and granted a Royal Charter in 1837.", "Durham University __knowledge__ It was one of the first universities to commence tuition in England for more than 600 years and is one of a number of institutions that has been described as the third-oldest university in England.", "Durham University __knowledge__ The Durham University estate includes 63 listed buildings, ranging from the 11th-century Durham Castle to a 1930s Art Deco chapel.", "Durham University __knowledge__ The university also owns and manages the Durham World Heritage Site in partnership with Durham Cathedral.", "QS World University Rankings __knowledge__ QS World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS).", "QS World University Rankings __knowledge__ Previously known as \"Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings\", the publisher had collaborated with \"Times Higher Education magazine\" (\"THE\") to publish its international league tables from 2004 to 2009 before both started to announce their own versions.", "QS World University Rankings __knowledge__ QS then chose to still use the pre-existing methodology while \"Times Higher Education\" adopted a new methodology to create their rankings.", "QS World University Rankings __knowledge__ The QS system now comprises the global overall and subject rankings (which name the world's top universities for the study of 46 different subjects and five composite faculty areas), alongside five independent regional tables (Asia, Latin America, Emerging Europe and Central Asia, the Arab Region, and BRICS).", "Rankings of universities in the United States __knowledge__ College and university rankings in the United States are rankings of US colleges and universities ordered by various combinations of various contributing factors which vary greatly depending on the organization performing the ranking.", "Rankings of universities in the United States __knowledge__ Rankings have most often been conducted by magazines, newspapers, websites, or academics.", "Rankings of universities in the United States __knowledge__ In addition to ranking entire institutions, organizations perform rankings of specific programs, departments, and schools.", "Rankings of universities in the United States __knowledge__ Various rankings consider combinations of measures of wealth, research excellence and/or influence, selectivity, student options, eventual success, demographics, and other criteria.", "University of Southern California __knowledge__ The University of Southern California (USC or SC) is a private research university located in Los Angeles, California.", "University of Southern California __knowledge__ Founded in 1880, it is the oldest private research university in California.", "University of Southern California __knowledge__ USC has historically educated a large number of the region's business leaders and professionals.", "University of Southern California __knowledge__ In recent decades, the university has also leveraged its location in Los Angeles to establish relationships with research and cultural institutions throughout Asia and the Pacific Rim.", "University of Southern California __knowledge__ An engine for economic activity, USC contributes US$8 billion annually to the economy of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and California.", "University of St Andrews __knowledge__ The University of St Andrews (informally known as St Andrews University or simply St Andrews; abbreviated as St And, from the Latin \"Sancti Andreae\", in post-nominals) is a British public research university in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland.", "University of St Andrews __knowledge__ It is the oldest of the four ancient universities of Scotland and the third oldest university in the English-speaking world (following Oxford and Cambridge Universities).", "University of St Andrews __knowledge__ St Andrews was founded between 1410 and 1413, when the Avignon Antipope Benedict XIII issued a papal bull to a small founding group of Augustinian clergy.", "University of St Andrews __knowledge__ St Andrews is made up of a variety of institutions, comprising three colleges (United College (a union of St Salvator's and St Leonard's Colleges)), St Mary's College, and St Leonard's College), the last named being a non-statutory revival of St Leonard's as a post-graduate society.", "University of Bristol __knowledge__ The University of Bristol (simply referred to as Bristol University and abbreviated as Bris.", "University of Bristol __knowledge__ in post-nominal letters, or UoB) is a red brick research university located in Bristol, United Kingdom.", "University of Bristol __knowledge__ It received its royal charter in 1909, although like the University of the West of England and the University of Bath, it first started as the Merchant Venturers Navigation School in 1595.", "University of Bristol __knowledge__ Its key predecessor institution, University College, Bristol, had been in existence since 1876.", "University of Bristol __knowledge__ Bristol is organised into six academic faculties composed of multiple schools and departments running over 200 undergraduate courses largely situated in the Tyndalls Park area of the city.", "Utah Utes men's basketball __knowledge__ The Utah Utes men's basketball team represents the University of Utah as an NCAA Division I program that plays in the Pac-12 Conference.", "Utah Utes men's basketball __knowledge__ They are currently led by head coach Larry Krystkowiak and play their home games at the Jon M. Huntsman Center.", "Utah Utes men's basketball __knowledge__ The school has made the NCAA Tournament 27 times, which ranks 20th in NCAA history and tied for third most appearances behind UCLA and the University of Arizona in the Western United States.", "Utah Utes men's basketball __knowledge__ They last made the tournament in 2016.", "Utah Utes men's basketball __knowledge__ Utah won the NCAA Championship in 1944, defeating Dartmouth College 42–40 for the school's only NCAA basketball championship.", "Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball __knowledge__ The Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team is an NCAA Division I college basketball team competing in the Big Ten Conference.", "Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball __knowledge__ Home games are played at the State Farm Center, located on the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's campus in Champaign.", "Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball __knowledge__ Illinois was named the national champions in 1915 and 1943 by the Premo-Porretta poll and has competed in 5 final fours, 9 elite eights, and has won 18 Big Ten championships.", "Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball __knowledge__ Illinois is one the winningest programs in college basketball history, ranking 14th all-time in wins.", "Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball __knowledge__ The team is currently coached by Brad Underwood, hired on March 18, 2017.", "Middlesboro High School __knowledge__ Middlesboro High School (proper name, Middlesborough Senior High School) is a public high school in Middlesboro, Kentucky, United States one of three schools operated by the Middlesboro Independent School District.", "Middlesboro High School __knowledge__ Middlesboro High School has been educating students for over 120 years.", "Middlesboro High School __knowledge__ The first class of seniors graduated in 1894 just four years after the founding of Middlesboro in 1890.", "Middlesboro High School __knowledge__ There is very little historical information remaining concerning Middlesboro's early educational institutes.", "Middlesboro High School __knowledge__ In his 1943 book, \"The History of Bell County\" Henry Harvey Fuson (transcribed by C. Richard Mathews) offers some insight into those early years.", "Kansas State Wildcats __knowledge__ The Kansas State Wildcats (variously \"Kansas State\", \"K-State\" or \"KSU\") are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Kansas State University.", "Kansas State Wildcats __knowledge__ The official color of the teams is Royal Purple, making Kansas State one of very few schools (including also Syracuse and Harvard) that have only one official color; white, black, and silver are generally used as complementary colors.", "Kansas State Wildcats __knowledge__ Kansas State participates in the NCAA Division I FBS (Football Bowl Subdivision) and is a member of the Big 12 Conference since 1996.", "Kansas State Wildcats __knowledge__ Previously, Kansas State competed in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference until 1912; the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association from 1913 to 1928; and the Big Eight Conference from 1928 to 1996 (known as the Big Six from 1928 to 1947 and the Big Seven from 1947 to 1957).", "History of Ole Miss Rebels football __knowledge__ The Ole Miss Rebels football team represents the University of Mississippi in the sport of American football.", "History of Ole Miss Rebels football __knowledge__ The Rebels compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).", "History of Ole Miss Rebels football __knowledge__ The football team was the first in the state of Mississippi when it was formed in 1893.", "History of Ole Miss Rebels football __knowledge__ The program ranks 26th on the list of college football's all-time winning programs.", "History of Ole Miss Rebels football __knowledge__ Ole Miss claims three national championships (1959, 1960, 1962) and six SEC championships (1947, 1954, 1955, 1960, 1962, 1963).", "History of Ole Miss Rebels football __knowledge__ The Rebels have been coached by Matt Luke since the 2017 season.", "Ole Miss Rebels football __knowledge__ The Ole Miss Rebels football program represents the University of Mississippi, also known as \"Ole Miss\".", "Ole Miss Rebels football __knowledge__ The Rebels compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).", "Ole Miss Rebels football __knowledge__ The football history of Ole Miss includes the formation of the first football team in the state and the 26th team on the list of college football's all-time winning programs.", "Ole Miss Rebels football __knowledge__ The Rebels posted their 600th win on September 27, 2008 when they defeated the Florida Gators 31–30.", "Ole Miss Rebels football __knowledge__ Throughout the 115-year history of Ole Miss football, the Rebels have won six Southeastern Conference titles (1947, 1954, 1955, 1960, 1962, and 1963) and claim three national titles (1959, 1960, 1962)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The University of Alabama (Alabama or UA) is a public research university located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States, and the flagship of the University of Alabama System.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ Founded in 1820, UA is the oldest and largest of the public universities in Alabama.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ UA offers programs of study in 13 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, Education Specialist, and doctoral degrees.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The only publicly supported law school in the state is at UA.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ Other academic programs unavailable elsewhere in Alabama include doctoral programs in anthropology, communication and information sciences, metallurgical engineering, music, Romance languages, and social work.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ As one of the first public universities established in the early 19th century southwestern frontier of the United States, the University of Alabama has left a vast cultural imprint on the state, region and nation over the past two centuries.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The school was a center of activity during the American Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ The University of Alabama varsity football program (nicknamed the \"Crimson Tide\"), which was inaugurated in 1892, ranks as one of 10 winningest programs in US history.", "University of Alabama __knowledge__ In a 1913 speech then-president George H. Denny extolled the university as the \"capstone of the public school system in the state [of Alabama],\" lending the university its current nickname, \"The Capstone\".", "Robert Gates __knowledge__ Robert Michael \"Bob\" Gates (born September 25, 1943) is an American statesman, scholar, and university president who served as the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense from 2006 to 2011, appointed by President George W. Bush and retained by President Barack Obama.", "Robert Gates __knowledge__ Gates began his career serving as an officer in the United States Air Force but was quickly recruited by the CIA.", "Robert Gates __knowledge__ Gates served for 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Council, and was Director of Central Intelligence under President George H. W. Bush.", "Robert Gates __knowledge__ After leaving the CIA, Gates became president of Texas A&M University and was a member of several corporate boards.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ Reagan was raised in a poor family in small towns of northern Illinois.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports announcer on several regional radio stations.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ After moving to Hollywood in 1937, he became an actor and starred in a few major productions.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ Reagan was twice elected President of the Screen Actors Guild—the labor union for actors—where he worked to root out Communist influence.", "USS George H.W. Bush __knowledge__ USS \"George H.W.", "USS George H.W. Bush __knowledge__ Bush\" (CVN-77) is the tenth and final supercarrier of the United States Navy.", "USS George H.W. Bush __knowledge__ She is named for the 41st President of the United States and former Director of Central Intelligence George H. W. Bush, who was a naval aviator during World War II.", "USS George H.W. Bush __knowledge__ \"Bush\" callsign is \"Avenger\", after the TBM Avenger aircraft flown by then-Lieutenant George Bush in World War II.", "USS George H.W. Bush __knowledge__ Construction began in 2003 at the Northrop Grumman Newport News shipyard's Dry Dock 12, the largest in the western hemisphere.", "USS George H.W. Bush __knowledge__ She was completed in 2009 at a cost of $6.2 billion and her home port is Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia.", "United States Senate elections, 2006 __knowledge__ The United States Senate elections, 2006 were held on November 7, 2006, with all 33 Class 1 Senate seats being contested.", "United States Senate elections, 2006 __knowledge__ The term of office for those elected in 2006 ran from January 3, 2007, to January 3, 2013.", "United States Senate elections, 2006 __knowledge__ Prior to the election, the Republican Party controlled 55 of the 100 Senate seats.", "United States Senate elections, 2006 __knowledge__ The Senate elections were part of the Democratic sweep of the 2006 elections, in which Democrats made numerous gains and no Congressional or gubernatorial seat held by a Democrat was won by a Republican.", "United States Senate elections, 2006 __knowledge__ One Democratic incumbent however was defeated in a primary but then went on to be reelected on a third party ticket.", "Henry Lozano __knowledge__ Henry Lozano (born August 24, 1948) is a non-profit executive and grassroots organizer.", "Henry Lozano __knowledge__ His years of public service culminated in his post at the White House as Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of USA Freedom Corps.", "Henry Lozano __knowledge__ On August 10, 2011, he was appointed to serve as the Director of Los Angeles County Teen Challenge and Urban Ministries Initiatives.", "Henry Lozano __knowledge__ On September 11, 2007, President George W. Bush asked Lozano to step into the job of Deputy Assistant to the President and director of USA Freedom Corps.", "Henry Lozano __knowledge__ In this role, he advanced the \"Call to Service\" initiative launched by President George W. Bush in his 2002 \"State of the Union\" address.", "Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford __knowledge__ On December 26, 2006, Gerald Ford, the 38th President of the United States, died at his home in Rancho Mirage, California at 6:45 p.m. local time (02:45, December 27, UTC).", "Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford __knowledge__ At 8:49 p.m. local time, President Ford's wife of 58 years, Betty Ford, issued a statement that confirmed his death: \"My family joins me in sharing the difficult news that Gerald Ford, our beloved husband, father, grandfather and great grandfather has died at 93 years of age.", "Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford __knowledge__ His life was filled with love of God, his family and his country.\"", "Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford __knowledge__ The causes of death listed on the subsequent death certificate were arteriosclerotic cerebrovascular disease and cardiac arrest.", "Alberto Gonzales __knowledge__ Alberto R. Gonzales (born August 4, 1955) is an American lawyer who served as the 80th United States Attorney General, appointed in February 2005 by President George W. Bush, becoming the highest-ranking Hispanic American in executive government to date.", "Alberto Gonzales __knowledge__ He was the first Hispanic to serve as White House Counsel.", "Alberto Gonzales __knowledge__ Earlier he had been Bush's General Counsel during his governorship of Texas.", "Alberto Gonzales __knowledge__ Gonzales had also served as Secretary of State of Texas and then as a Texas Supreme Court Justice.", "Alberto Gonzales __knowledge__ Gonzales's tenure as U.S. Attorney General was marked by controversy regarding warrantless surveillance of U.S. citizens and the legal authorization of so-called \"enhanced interrogation techniques\", later generally acknowledged as constituting torture, in the U.S. government's post-9/11 \"War on Terror\".", "Washington Monument __knowledge__ The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, once commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and the first President of the United States.", "Washington Monument __knowledge__ Located almost due east of the Reflecting Pool and the Lincoln Memorial, the monument, made of marble, granite, and bluestone gneiss, is both the world's tallest stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk, standing tall according to the National Geodetic Survey (measured 2013–14) or tall according to the National Park Service (measured 1884).", "Washington Monument __knowledge__ It is the tallest monumental column in the world if all are measured above their pedestrian entrances.", "Joe Barton __knowledge__ Joe Linus Barton (born September 15, 1949) is a Republican politician, representing () in the U.S. House of Representatives since 1985, and a member of the Tea Party Caucus.", "Joe Barton __knowledge__ The district includes Arlington, part of Fort Worth, and several small towns and rural areas south of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex.", "Joe Barton __knowledge__ In 2014 Barton became the longest-serving member of the Texas congressional delegation.", "Joe Barton __knowledge__ Barton describes himself as \"a constant defender of conservative ideals and values\".", "Joe Barton __knowledge__ He advocates for deregulation of the electricity and natural gas industries, and serves as vice-chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committees.", "Capstone Program __knowledge__ The Capstone Program was a United States government-funded aviation safety program for the state of Alaska, primarily focusing on rural areas of the state.", "Capstone Program __knowledge__ This joint effort – between the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Alaska Pilot's Association, commercial operators, the University of Alaska, MITRE Corporation, some avionics manufacturers and individual pilots – cut the accident rate in the eastern part of Alaska by around 40%.", "Capstone Program __knowledge__ The program ran from 1999 until 2006, when the FAA integrated it into the national automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast (ADS–B) program.", "Capstone Program __knowledge__ Alaska is the largest state in the United States by area, but is one of the smallest in population.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Mexican Revolution __knowledge__ The Mexican Revolution () was a major armed struggle radically transforming Mexican culture and government.", "Mexican Revolution __knowledge__ Although recent research has focused on local and regional aspects of the Revolution, it was a \"genuinely national revolution\".", "Mexican Revolution __knowledge__ Its outbreak in 1910 resulted from the failure of the 35-year-long regime of Porfirio Díaz to find a managed solution to the presidential succession.", "Mexican Revolution __knowledge__ This meant there was a political crisis among competing elites and the opportunity for agrarian insurrection.", "Mexican Revolution __knowledge__ Wealthy landowner Francisco I. Madero challenged Díaz in the 1910 presidential election, and following the rigged results, revolted under the Plan of San Luis Potosí.", "Ralph Clark __knowledge__ Lieutenant Ralph Clark (30 March 1755 or 1762 – June 1794) was a British officer in the Royal Marines, best known for his diary spanning the early years of British settlement in Australia, including the voyage of the First Fleet.", "Ralph Clark __knowledge__ Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Clark saw service in the American Revolutionary War before volunteering for the voyage to Australia.", "Ralph Clark __knowledge__ Arriving in New South Wales in January 1788, he filled a number of roles in the newly established colony, including serving on picket duty, guarding convicts, and on the Criminal Court.", "Ralph Clark __knowledge__ Having been temporarily promoted to the rank of first lieutenant, Clark was sent to Norfolk Island aboard HMS \"Sirius\" in March 1790, which was subsequently wrecked off the island's coast." ] ]

[ 2, 8, 8, 9, 22 ]

[ "Good,I know about that university. It founded in1820, It is oldest and largest university", "It have varsity football program which inauguratted in 1892", "It ranks as one of the 10 winningest programs in US history", "I dont know about that details.In 1913 President george extolled \"capstone of the public schoolsystem in the state", "she is named for the 41st president of the US" ]

[ "University of Alabama", "University of Alabama", "University of Alabama", "University of Alabama", "University of Alabama" ]

[ "Cord-cutting\nI don't subscribe to any cable providers, I've completely cut the cord and use only the internet!", "stream stuff, pirate stuff. how many people are cordcutting these days?", "yeah I'm sure it is. any real reason why people want to keep their expensive cable subscriptions these days?", "yeah I use those a bunch. I wonder if the cable companies are doing anything to survive", "lucky guys. I wonder what the next big media movement will be" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ In broadcast television, cord-cutting refers to the pattern of viewers, referred to as cord cutters, cancelling their subscriptions to multichannel subscription television services available over cable, dropping pay television channels or reducing the number of hours of subscription TV viewed in response to competition from rival media available over the Internet such as Amazon Video, Hulu, iTunes, Netflix, Sling TV, and YouTube.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ This Internet content is either free or significantly cheaper than the same content provided via cable.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ As a market trend, a growing number of \"cord cutters\" do not pay for subscription television in favour of some combination of broadband Internet and IPTV, digital video recorders, digital terrestrial television and/or free-to-air satellite television broadcasts.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ A related group, the cord-nevers, have never used commercial cable for television service, relying on internet sources from the start.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ A number of purely internet television services, part of the wider IPTV concept, have emerged to cater to these groups.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ Parks Associates estimated that in 2008, about 900,000 American households relied entirely on the Internet for television viewing, and the company expected that number to increase.", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Cable television by region __knowledge__ The distribution of cable television around the world: Cable television is the most common transmission method in all urban areas of mainland China – television aerials are an extremely rare sight.", "Cable television by region __knowledge__ Cable systems in China usually carry all the CCTV channels in Mandarin, along with all the channels of municipal, provincial or regional networks in question (some examples of such stations are listed below).", "Cable television by region __knowledge__ The remaining slots carry the main channels from several other province-level stations, and may carry additional channels from metropolitan stations such as BTV and Shanghai Media Group.", "Cable television by region __knowledge__ They may also carry a local channel for a particular sub-provincial municipality, prefecture or county.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Cable television first became available in the United States in 1948, with subscription services following in 1949.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Data by SNL Kagan shows that about 58.4% of all American homes subscribe to basic cable television services.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Most cable viewers in the U.S. reside in the suburbs and tend to be middle class; cable television is less common in low income, urban, and rural areas.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ According to reports released by the Federal Communications Commission, traditional cable television subscriptions in the US peaked around the year 2000, at 68.5 million total subscriptions.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Since then, cable subscriptions have been in slow decline, dropping to 54.4 million subscribers by December 2013.", "WGN America __knowledge__ WGN America is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Tribune Broadcasting.", "WGN America __knowledge__ The channel is one of several flagship properties owned by Chicago, Illinois-based corporate parent Tribune Media, which also owns the channel's former parent television station during its existence as a superstation, WGN-TV (channel 9), regional cable news channel Chicagoland Television (CLTV) and radio station WGN (720 AM).", "WGN America __knowledge__ The channel borrows its name from the \"World's Greatest Newspaper\" slogan of its corporate parent's former flagship newspaper, the \"Chicago Tribune\", which was applied beforehand as the callsign of Tribune's Chicago television and radio stations.", "Multichannel video programming distributor __knowledge__ Multichannel television has existed in the United States since at least 1948.", "Multichannel video programming distributor __knowledge__ The country is served by cable television systems, direct-broadcast satellite providers, and various other wireline video providers; among the largest television providers in the U.S. are AT&T (through its DirecTV and U-verse divisions), Altice USA, Charter Communications, Comcast (through its Xfinity division), Dish Network, and Verizon Communications (through its FiOS division).", "Multichannel video programming distributor __knowledge__ Initially serving as a means to provide local television stations to customers who could not receive them over-the-air, the deployments of communications satellites made it financially feasible for broadcasters to distribute channels of national interest to cable, and later satellite television providers, such as superstations and premium television services.", "History of The Weather Channel __knowledge__ The Weather Channel is an American basic cable and satellite television channel owned by The Weather Company (a consortium owned by NBCUniversal, The Blackstone Group and Bain Capital) that focuses on national and international weather information; although in recent years, the channel has also incorporated entertainment-based programs related to weather on its schedule.", "History of The Weather Channel __knowledge__ This article details the history of the channel, which dates back its founding to around 1980.", "History of The Weather Channel __knowledge__ Prior to the channel's launch, the original concept for providing continuous weather reports to the public over television stations stretched as far back as the late 1950s and early 1960s on the varying incarnations of CATV." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ In broadcast television, cord-cutting refers to the pattern of viewers, referred to as cord cutters, cancelling their subscriptions to multichannel subscription television services available over cable, dropping pay television channels or reducing the number of hours of subscription TV viewed in response to competition from rival media available over the Internet such as Amazon Video, Hulu, iTunes, Netflix, Sling TV, and YouTube.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ This Internet content is either free or significantly cheaper than the same content provided via cable.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ As a market trend, a growing number of \"cord cutters\" do not pay for subscription television in favour of some combination of broadband Internet and IPTV, digital video recorders, digital terrestrial television and/or free-to-air satellite television broadcasts.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ A related group, the cord-nevers, have never used commercial cable for television service, relying on internet sources from the start.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ A number of purely internet television services, part of the wider IPTV concept, have emerged to cater to these groups.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ Parks Associates estimated that in 2008, about 900,000 American households relied entirely on the Internet for television viewing, and the company expected that number to increase.", "Elizabeth Swann __knowledge__ Elizabeth Swann (later Elizabeth Turner) is a fictional character in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series.", "Elizabeth Swann __knowledge__ She appears in \"\" (2003) and three of its sequels, \"\" (2006), \"\" (2007) and \"\" (2017).", "Elizabeth Swann __knowledge__ She is portrayed by Keira Knightley (and as a child by Lucinda Dryzek in the prologue of \"The Curse of the Black Pearl\").", "Elizabeth Swann __knowledge__ She is known to use the alias \"Elizabeth Turner\", but this later becomes her married name when she weds the character Will Turner (played by Orlando Bloom).", "Elizabeth Swann __knowledge__ Sucessss Elizabeth is a spirited, intelligent, and independent-minded character whose beauty attracted Will Turner, James Norrington, Sao Feng, and Captain Jack Sparrow.", "The Pirate Bay __knowledge__ The Pirate Bay (sometimes abbreviated to TPB) is an online index of digital content of entertainment media and software.", "The Pirate Bay __knowledge__ Founded in 2003 by Swedish think tank Piratbyrån, The Pirate Bay allows visitors to search, download and contribute magnet links and torrent files, which facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing among users of the BitTorrent protocol.", "The Pirate Bay __knowledge__ In April 2009, the website's founders (Peter Sunde, Fredrik Neij and Gottfrid Svartholm) were found guilty in The Pirate Bay trial in Sweden for assisting in copyright infringement, and were sentenced to serve one year in prison and pay a fine.", "The Pirate Bay __knowledge__ In some countries, Internet service providers have been ordered to block access to the website.", "Piracy in the Atlantic World __knowledge__ Piracy was a phenomenon that was not limited to the Caribbean region.", "Piracy in the Atlantic World __knowledge__ Golden Age pirates roamed off the coast of North America, Africa and the Caribbean.", "Piracy in the Atlantic World __knowledge__ Pirates and sailors are important in understanding how the Atlantic world looked and worked.", "Piracy in the Atlantic World __knowledge__ Defying traditional alliances, attacking and capturing merchant vessels of all nations, pirates wreaked havoc on an emerging economic system, disrupted trade routes and created a crisis within an increasingly important system of trade centered on the Atlantic world.", "Piracy in the Atlantic World __knowledge__ They were ready and willing participants in the exchange of people, ideas, and commodities around the Atlantic basin affecting the creation and destruction of communities.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Irish pirate radio __knowledge__ Pirate radio in Ireland has had a long history, with hundreds of radio stations having operated from within the country.", "Irish pirate radio __knowledge__ Due to past lax enforcement of the rules, the lack of commercial radio until 1989, and the small physical size of the country, pirate radio has proliferated up to recent years.", "Irish pirate radio __knowledge__ They were tolerated to a point by the government which only occasionally raided them in an effort to show compliance with Irish law, although the national broadcaster, RTÉ, took a harsher approach, including radio jamming.", "Irish pirate radio __knowledge__ Mayo man Jack Sean McNeela in 1940 died on Hunger strike in Arbour Hill Military Detention Barracks after 55 days protesting his arrest for operating a pro IRA pirate radio station.", "The Stuff __knowledge__ The Stuff (also known as Larry Cohen's The Stuff) is a 1985 American satirical science fiction horror film written, produced, and directed by Larry Cohen and starring Michael Moriarty, Garrett Morris, Andrea Marcovicci, and Paul Sorvino.", "The Stuff __knowledge__ It was also the last film of noted actor Alexander Scourby.", "The Stuff __knowledge__ Several railroad workers discover a yogurt-like white substance bubbling out of the ground.", "The Stuff __knowledge__ These workers find it to be sweet and addictive.", "The Stuff __knowledge__ Later, the substance, marketed as \"The Stuff,\" is being sold to the general public in containers like ice cream.", "The Stuff __knowledge__ It is marketed as having no calories and as being sweet, creamy, and filling.", "Capture of Stuff Redoubt __knowledge__ The Capture of Stuff Redoubt (\"Feste Staufen\") was a tactical incident in France, during the Battle of the Somme in 1916.", "Capture of Stuff Redoubt __knowledge__ The redoubt had been built as part of the fortification of the Somme front by the German 2nd Army (General Fritz von Below) after the open warfare of 1914.", "Capture of Stuff Redoubt __knowledge__ On 1 July, the First Day on the Somme, troops of the 36th (Ulster) Division occupied part of the redoubt before being forced to retreat by German counter-attacks.", "Capture of Stuff Redoubt __knowledge__ British troops were not able to reach the redoubt again until the Battle of Thiepval Ridge (26–28 September) when parties of the 11th Division captured part of the redoubt.", "Multichannel video programming distributor __knowledge__ Multichannel television has existed in the United States since at least 1948.", "Multichannel video programming distributor __knowledge__ The country is served by cable television systems, direct-broadcast satellite providers, and various other wireline video providers; among the largest television providers in the U.S. are AT&T (through its DirecTV and U-verse divisions), Altice USA, Charter Communications, Comcast (through its Xfinity division), Dish Network, and Verizon Communications (through its FiOS division).", "Multichannel video programming distributor __knowledge__ Initially serving as a means to provide local television stations to customers who could not receive them over-the-air, the deployments of communications satellites made it financially feasible for broadcasters to distribute channels of national interest to cable, and later satellite television providers, such as superstations and premium television services.", "TV Everywhere __knowledge__ TV Everywhere (also known as authenticated streaming or authenticated video on-demand) refers to a business model wherein access to streaming video content from a television channel requires users to \"authenticate\" themselves as current subscribers to the channel, via an account provided by their participating pay television provider, in order to access the content.", "TV Everywhere __knowledge__ Under the model, broadcasters offer their customers the ability to access content from their channels through internet-based services and mobile apps—either live or on-demand, as part of their subscription to the service.", "TV Everywhere __knowledge__ Time Warner Cable first proposed the concept in 2009; in 2010, many television providers and networks began to roll out TV Everywhere services for their subscribers, including major networks such as TBS and TNT (whose owner was an early supporter of the concept), ESPN, and HBO among others.", "Multichannel television in Canada __knowledge__ Canada is served by various multichannel television services, including cable television systems, two direct-broadcast satellite providers, and various other wireline IPTV and wireless MMDS video providers.", "Multichannel television in Canada __knowledge__ All broadcast distribution undertakings (BDUs) must be licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) and comply with its policies, including those on the packaging of their services.", "Multichannel television in Canada __knowledge__ Additionally, the CRTC licenses specialty channels; licensing was previously mandatory for all services, and restrictions were placed on their content in order to discourage direct competition in certain categories.", "Cable television by region __knowledge__ The distribution of cable television around the world: Cable television is the most common transmission method in all urban areas of mainland China – television aerials are an extremely rare sight.", "Cable television by region __knowledge__ Cable systems in China usually carry all the CCTV channels in Mandarin, along with all the channels of municipal, provincial or regional networks in question (some examples of such stations are listed below).", "Cable television by region __knowledge__ The remaining slots carry the main channels from several other province-level stations, and may carry additional channels from metropolitan stations such as BTV and Shanghai Media Group.", "Cable television by region __knowledge__ They may also carry a local channel for a particular sub-provincial municipality, prefecture or county.", "Multichannel television __knowledge__ A multichannel television service, also known as simply a television provider, is a type of service provider who distributes television programming to its customers for a subscription fee.", "Multichannel television __knowledge__ Subscription television providers distribute television channels that offer different types of programming, typically including terrestrial television stations within their market, specialty channels that are distributed solely through multichannel television providers, and pay television services that offer premium content such as feature films and other original programming.", "Multichannel television __knowledge__ Subscription television services can be distributed to customers through various means, including wireline media such as cable and fiber-optic wire, direct broadcast satellite, and using internet protocols—either over a private network maintained by the provider, or as an \"over-the-top\" service streamed over the public internet.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ Cable (originally known in Ireland as \"piped\" television) first started in the 1960s, when several companies, including state broadcaster RTÉ, started relaying the UK's terrestrial TV channels in some cities and larger towns.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ Today all Irish cities and many larger towns have cable networks.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ Ireland's cable television networks are primarily digital DVB-C services.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ However, in most areas, a small number (approximately 16) analogue channels are still carried alongside digital services.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ The legacy analogue cable television services provide unencrypted PAL System I television channels.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ Frequency plans vary from place to place and channels are carried in VHF Band I, Band III, Hyperband and sometimes UHF Band IV." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ In broadcast television, cord-cutting refers to the pattern of viewers, referred to as cord cutters, cancelling their subscriptions to multichannel subscription television services available over cable, dropping pay television channels or reducing the number of hours of subscription TV viewed in response to competition from rival media available over the Internet such as Amazon Video, Hulu, iTunes, Netflix, Sling TV, and YouTube.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ This Internet content is either free or significantly cheaper than the same content provided via cable.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ As a market trend, a growing number of \"cord cutters\" do not pay for subscription television in favour of some combination of broadband Internet and IPTV, digital video recorders, digital terrestrial television and/or free-to-air satellite television broadcasts.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ A related group, the cord-nevers, have never used commercial cable for television service, relying on internet sources from the start.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ A number of purely internet television services, part of the wider IPTV concept, have emerged to cater to these groups.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ Parks Associates estimated that in 2008, about 900,000 American households relied entirely on the Internet for television viewing, and the company expected that number to increase.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Cable television first became available in the United States in 1948, with subscription services following in 1949.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Data by SNL Kagan shows that about 58.4% of all American homes subscribe to basic cable television services.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Most cable viewers in the U.S. reside in the suburbs and tend to be middle class; cable television is less common in low income, urban, and rural areas.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ According to reports released by the Federal Communications Commission, traditional cable television subscriptions in the US peaked around the year 2000, at 68.5 million total subscriptions.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Since then, cable subscriptions have been in slow decline, dropping to 54.4 million subscribers by December 2013.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "The Cut (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The Cut is a BBC television teen drama, first broadcast in September 2009.", "The Cut (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The series was developed by \"Geoffrey Goodwin\" and \"Holby City\" writer, Al Smith in collaboration with \"KateModern\" producer Pete Gibbons and \"Hollyoaks\" director, Sarah Walker.", "The Cut (UK TV series) __knowledge__ \"The Cut\" is broadcast in 25-minute episodes on BBC Two, with each episode being broadcast in daily five-minute chunks on the website throughout the week before.", "The Cut (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The BBC describe it as reflecting the way many young people want to consume content which a critic has more cynically interpreted as for those with even the shortest of attention spans.", "The Cut (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The first series ran on TV and online from September to December 2009.", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The 2010 \"Tonight Show\" conflict was a media and public relations conflict involving American television network NBC and two of its then-late-night talk show hosts, Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ Leno, the host of long-running franchise \"The Tonight Show\" since 1992, and O'Brien, host of \"Late Night\" since 1993, were strong ratings leaders for the network for much of the decade.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ When O'Brien's contract neared its end and he was courted by other networks in 2001, NBC extended his contract and essentially guaranteed him he would be the fifth host of \"The Tonight Show\".", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The network neglected to let Leno know this until his contract extension in 2004, when they informed him he would remain host for five more years and then transition the show to O'Brien in 2009.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ The Prehistory of West Virginia spans ancient times until the arrival of Europeans in the early 17th century.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ Hunters ventured into West Virginia's mountain valleys and made temporary camp villages since the Archaic period in the Americas.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ Many ancient human-made earthen mounds from various mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ The artifacts uncovered in these areas give evidence of a village society with a tribal trade system culture that included limited cold worked copper.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ As of 2009, over 12,500 archaeological sites have been documented in West Virginia.", "United States __knowledge__ The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.", "United States __knowledge__ At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km) and with over 325 million people, the United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area and the third-most populous.", "United States __knowledge__ The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City.", "United States __knowledge__ Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico.", "Vietnam War __knowledge__ The Vietnam War (), also known as the Second Indochina War, and also known in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America () or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.", "Vietnam War __knowledge__ It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam.", "Vietnam War __knowledge__ The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies and the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States, South Korea, Australia, Thailand and other anti-communist allies.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ The United States (U.S.) subprime mortgage crisis was a nationwide banking emergency, occurring between 2007-2010, which contributed to the U.S. recession of December 2007 – June 2009.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ It was triggered by a large decline in home prices after the collapse of a housing bubble, leading to mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures and the devaluation of housing-related securities.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Declines in residential investment preceded the recession and were followed by reductions in household spending and then business investment.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Spending reductions were more significant in areas with a combination of high household debt and larger housing price declines.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ The history of Poles in the United States dates to the American Colonial era.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Poles have lived in present-day United States territories for over 400 years—since 1608.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ There are 10 million Americans of Polish descent in the U.S. today, making it the largest diaspora of Poles in the world.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Polish Americans have always been the largest group of Slavic origin in the United States.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Historians divide Polish American immigration into three \"waves\", the largest from 1870 to 1914, a second after World War II, and a third after Poland's independence in 1989.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Most Polish Americans are descended from the first wave, when millions of Poles fled Polish districts of Germany, Russia, and Austria.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Income inequality in the United States has increased significantly since the 1970s after several decades of stability, meaning the share of the nation's income received by higher income households has increased.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ This trend is evident with income measured both before taxes (market income) as well as after taxes and transfer payments.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Income inequality has fluctuated considerably since measurements began around 1915, moving in an arc between peaks in the 1920s and 2000s, with a 30-year period of relatively lower inequality between 1950–1980.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Measured for all households, U.S. income inequality is comparable to other developed countries before taxes and transfers, but is among the highest after taxes and transfers, meaning the U.S. shifts relatively less income from higher income households to lower income households." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ In broadcast television, cord-cutting refers to the pattern of viewers, referred to as cord cutters, cancelling their subscriptions to multichannel subscription television services available over cable, dropping pay television channels or reducing the number of hours of subscription TV viewed in response to competition from rival media available over the Internet such as Amazon Video, Hulu, iTunes, Netflix, Sling TV, and YouTube.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ This Internet content is either free or significantly cheaper than the same content provided via cable.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ As a market trend, a growing number of \"cord cutters\" do not pay for subscription television in favour of some combination of broadband Internet and IPTV, digital video recorders, digital terrestrial television and/or free-to-air satellite television broadcasts.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ A related group, the cord-nevers, have never used commercial cable for television service, relying on internet sources from the start.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ A number of purely internet television services, part of the wider IPTV concept, have emerged to cater to these groups.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ Parks Associates estimated that in 2008, about 900,000 American households relied entirely on the Internet for television viewing, and the company expected that number to increase.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ Cable (originally known in Ireland as \"piped\" television) first started in the 1960s, when several companies, including state broadcaster RTÉ, started relaying the UK's terrestrial TV channels in some cities and larger towns.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ Today all Irish cities and many larger towns have cable networks.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ Ireland's cable television networks are primarily digital DVB-C services.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ However, in most areas, a small number (approximately 16) analogue channels are still carried alongside digital services.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ The legacy analogue cable television services provide unencrypted PAL System I television channels.", "Cable television in Ireland __knowledge__ Frequency plans vary from place to place and channels are carried in VHF Band I, Band III, Hyperband and sometimes UHF Band IV.", "CableCARD __knowledge__ CableCARD is a special-use PC Card device that allows consumers in the United States to view and record digital cable television channels on digital video recorders, personal computers and television sets on equipment such as a set-top box not provided by a cable television company.", "CableCARD __knowledge__ The card is usually provided by the local cable operator, typically for a nominal monthly fee.", "CableCARD __knowledge__ In a broader context, CableCARD refers to a set of technologies created by the United States cable television industry to allow devices from non-cable companies to access content on the cable networks.", "CableCARD __knowledge__ Some technologies not only refer to the physical card, but also to a device (\"Host\") that uses the card.", "Community television in Canada __knowledge__ Community television in Canada is a form of media that carries programming of local community interest produced by a cable television company and by independent community groups and distributed by a local cable company.", "Community television in Canada __knowledge__ A community channel is a form of community television, much like public-access television cable TV in the United States and other forms of citizen produced content.", "Community television in Canada __knowledge__ The provision of a community channel is required by CRTC regulations governing the licensing of cable companies.", "Community television in Canada __knowledge__ Cable companies are required to allocate a small percentage of cable subscription revenues for the provision of a community channel.", "Media of Canada __knowledge__ Canada has a well-developed media sector, but its cultural output — particularly in English films, television shows, and magazines — is often overshadowed by imports from the United States.", "Media of Canada __knowledge__ Television, magazines, and newspapers are primarily for-profit corporations based on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues.", "Media of Canada __knowledge__ Nevertheless, both the television broadcasting and publications sectors require a number of government interventions to remain profitable, ranging from regulation that bars foreign companies in the broadcasting industry to tax laws that limit foreign competition in magazine advertising.", "Public-access television __knowledge__ Public-access television is traditionally a form of non-commercial mass media where the general public can create content television programming which is narrowcast through cable TV specialty channels.", "Public-access television __knowledge__ Public-access television was created in the United States between 1969 and 1971 by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), under Chairman Dean Burch, based on pioneering work and advocacy of George Stoney, Red Burns (Alternate Media Center), and Sidney Dean (City Club of NY).", "Public-access television __knowledge__ Public-access television is often grouped with public, educational, and government access television channels, under the acronym PEG.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Net neutrality __knowledge__ Net neutrality is the principle that governments should mandate Internet service providers to treat all data on the Internet the same, and not discriminate or charge differently by user, content, website, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or method of communication.", "Net neutrality __knowledge__ For instance, under these principles, internet service providers are unable to deliver content tailored to the capabilities of a specific device or user, offer free services or to intentionally block, slow down or charge money for specific websites and online content.", "Net neutrality __knowledge__ The term was coined by Columbia University media law professor Tim Wu in 2003, as an extension of the longstanding concept of a common carrier, which was used to describe the role of telephone systems.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ Kodi (formerly XBMC) is a free and open-source media player software application developed by the XBMC Foundation, a non-profit technology consortium.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ Kodi is available for multiple operating systems and hardware platforms, with a software 10-foot user interface for use with televisions and remote controls.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ It allows users to play and view most streaming media, such as videos, music, podcasts, and videos from the Internet, as well as all common digital media files from local and network storage media.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ It is a multi-platform home-theater PC (HTPC) application.", "Kodi (software) __knowledge__ Kodi is highly customizable: a variety of skins can change its appearance, and various plug-ins allow users to access streaming media content via online services such as Amazon Prime Instant Video, Crackle, Pandora Internet Radio, Rhapsody, Spotify, and YouTube.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Plex (software) __knowledge__ Plex is a client-server media player system and software suite comprising two main components.", "Plex (software) __knowledge__ Additional functionality can be added through an app store and Plex Inc sells a premium service Plex Pass with features like synchronization with mobile devices, cloud storage integration, metadata and matchings for music, support for multiple users, parental controls, Live TV and DVR, trailers and extras and cross-selling offers.", "Plex (software) __knowledge__ Plex began as a freeware hobby project in December 2007 when developer Elan Feingold wanted a media centre application for his Apple Mac, but none of the existing players met his needs.", "Internet television __knowledge__ Internet television (or online television) is the digital distribution of television content, such as TV shows, via the public Internet (which also carries other types of data), as opposed to dedicated terrestrial television via an over-the-air aerial system, cable television, and/or satellite television systems.", "Internet television __knowledge__ It is sometimes called web television, though this phrase is also used to describe the genre of TV shows broadcast only online.", "Internet television __knowledge__ The mid 2000s were the beginning of television programs becoming available via the Internet.", "Internet television __knowledge__ ITunes began offering select television programs and series in 2005, available for download after direct payment.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ This is a list of products and services offered by American corporation Amazon.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ Amazon product lines include several media (books, DVDs, music CDs, videotapes, and software), apparel, baby products, consumer electronics, beauty products, gourmet food, groceries, health and personal-care items, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, jewelry and watches, lawn and garden items, musical instruments, sporting goods, tools, automotive items and toys & games.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ The company launched amazon.com Auctions, a web auctions service, in March 1999.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ However, it failed to chip away at the large market share of the industry pioneer, eBay.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ The Nintendo 3DS is a handheld game console produced by Nintendo.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ It is capable of displaying stereoscopic 3D effects without the use of 3D glasses or additional accessories.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ Nintendo announced the console in March 2010 and officially unveiled it at E3 2010 on June 15, 2010.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ The console succeeds the Nintendo DS, featuring backward compatibility with older Nintendo DS video games.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ Its primary competitor is the PlayStation Vita from Sony.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ The handheld offers new features such as the StreetPass and SpotPass tag modes, powered by Nintendo Network; augmented reality, using its 3D cameras; and Virtual Console, which allows owners to download and play games originally released on older video game systems." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ In broadcast television, cord-cutting refers to the pattern of viewers, referred to as cord cutters, cancelling their subscriptions to multichannel subscription television services available over cable, dropping pay television channels or reducing the number of hours of subscription TV viewed in response to competition from rival media available over the Internet such as Amazon Video, Hulu, iTunes, Netflix, Sling TV, and YouTube.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ This Internet content is either free or significantly cheaper than the same content provided via cable.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ As a market trend, a growing number of \"cord cutters\" do not pay for subscription television in favour of some combination of broadband Internet and IPTV, digital video recorders, digital terrestrial television and/or free-to-air satellite television broadcasts.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ A related group, the cord-nevers, have never used commercial cable for television service, relying on internet sources from the start.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ A number of purely internet television services, part of the wider IPTV concept, have emerged to cater to these groups.", "Cord-cutting __knowledge__ Parks Associates estimated that in 2008, about 900,000 American households relied entirely on the Internet for television viewing, and the company expected that number to increase.", "We the Media __knowledge__ We the Media is a book written by Dan Gillmor, published in 2004 by O'Reilly ().", "We the Media __knowledge__ Gillmor discusses how the proliferation of grassroots internet journalists (bloggers) has changed the way news is handled.", "We the Media __knowledge__ One of the book's main points is that a few big media corporations cannot control the news we get any longer, now that news is being published in real-time, available to everybody, via the Internet.", "We the Media __knowledge__ The book received widespread praise from the demographic it covered, and mixed reviews elsewhere.", "We the Media __knowledge__ \"We the Media\" details how media and its consumption has changed with the introduction of online platforms.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Politics of Harry Potter __knowledge__ There are many published theories about the politics of the Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling, which range from them containing criticism of racism to anti-government sentiments.", "Politics of Harry Potter __knowledge__ According to \"Inside Higher Ed\", doctoral theses have been devoted to the Harry Potter books.", "Politics of Harry Potter __knowledge__ There are also several university courses centred on analysis of the Potter series, including an upper division Political Science course.", "Politics of Harry Potter __knowledge__ \"Time\" magazine noted the political and social aspects of Harry Potter in their 2007 Person of the Year issue where Rowling placed third behind politicians Vladimir Putin and Al Gore.", "Politics of Harry Potter __knowledge__ Harry Potter's potential social and political impact was called similar to the 19th century phenomenon of Harriet Beecher Stowe's popular, but critically maligned book, \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\", which fuelled the abolitionist movement leading up to the American Civil War.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ Frankie Laine (born Francesco Paolo LoVecchio; March 30, 1913 – February 6, 2007) was an Italian American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spanned 75 years, from his first concerts in 1930 with a marathon dance company to his final performance of \"That's My Desire\" in 2005.", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ Often billed as \"America's Number One Song Stylist\", his other nicknames include \"Mr.", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ Rhythm\", \"Old Leather Lungs\", and \"Mr. Steel Tonsils\".", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ His hits included \"That's My Desire\", \"That Lucky Old Sun\", \"Mule Train\", \"Cry of the Wild Goose\", \"A Woman In Love\", \"Jezebel\", \"High Noon\", \"I Believe\", \"Hey Joe!", "Frankie Laine __knowledge__ \", \"The Kid's Last Fight\", \"Cool Water\", \"Moonlight Gambler,\" \"Love Is a Golden Ring,\" \"Rawhide\", and \"Lord, You Gave Me a Mountain.\"", "Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 __knowledge__ Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7, also known as Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky Season 7, was the thirteenth and the longest season of \"Pinoy Big Brother\"—the Philippine version of \"Big Brother\".", "Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 __knowledge__ This is the third special season overall.", "Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 __knowledge__ The show premiered on July 11, 2016 and lasted until March 5, 2017.", "Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 __knowledge__ Toni Gonzaga-Soriano, Bianca Gonzalez-Intal and Robi Domingo reprised their roles as hosts.", "Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 __knowledge__ Mariel Rodriguez-Padilla returned as host after her absence since \"\".", "Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 __knowledge__ During the season, Toni Gonzaga and Mariel Rodriguez took a maternity leave due to pregnancy.", "Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 __knowledge__ However, Gonzaga returned as a regular host when the Dream Team housemates entered the house.", "Satellite television by region __knowledge__ Satellite television varies in the different regions around the world.", "Satellite television by region __knowledge__ South African-based Multichoice's DStv is the main digital satellite television provider in sub-Saharan Africa, broadcasting principally in English, but also in Portuguese, German and Afrikaans.", "Satellite television by region __knowledge__ Multichoice's DStv had 6 million paid subscribers on 30 September 2016.", "Satellite television by region __knowledge__ CanalSat Afrique, owned by France's Canal+ and Vivendi, is the main provider in French-speaking Africa.", "Satellite television by region __knowledge__ Another entrant into the satellite television circuit in Africa is MyTv Africa, a subsidiary of Dubai-based Strong Technologies.", "Satellite television by region __knowledge__ The launch of Free2view has made satellite TV available to the masses in Africa.", "History of television __knowledge__ The invention of the television was the work of many individuals in the late 19th century and early 20th century.", "History of television __knowledge__ Individuals and corporations competed in various parts of the world to deliver a device that superseded previous technology.", "History of television __knowledge__ Many were compelled to capitalize on the invention and make profit, while some wanted to change the world through visual and audio communication technology.", "History of television __knowledge__ Facsimile transmission systems pioneered methods of mechanically scanning graphics in the early 19th century.", "History of television __knowledge__ The Scottish inventor Alexander Bain introduced the facsimile machine between 1843 and 1846.", "History of television __knowledge__ The English physicist Frederick Bakewell demonstrated a working laboratory version in 1851.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Satellite television __knowledge__ Satellite television is a service that delivers television programming to viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location.", "Satellite television __knowledge__ The signals are received via an outdoor parabolic antenna commonly referred to as a satellite dish and a low-noise block downconverter.", "Satellite television __knowledge__ A satellite receiver then decodes the desired television programme for viewing on a television set.", "Satellite television __knowledge__ Receivers can be external set-top boxes, or a built-in television tuner.", "Satellite television __knowledge__ Satellite television provides a wide range of channels and services.", "Satellite television __knowledge__ It is usually the only television available in many remote geographic areas without terrestrial television or cable television service.", "Multichannel video programming distributor __knowledge__ Multichannel television has existed in the United States since at least 1948.", "Multichannel video programming distributor __knowledge__ The country is served by cable television systems, direct-broadcast satellite providers, and various other wireline video providers; among the largest television providers in the U.S. are AT&T (through its DirecTV and U-verse divisions), Altice USA, Charter Communications, Comcast (through its Xfinity division), Dish Network, and Verizon Communications (through its FiOS division).", "Multichannel video programming distributor __knowledge__ Initially serving as a means to provide local television stations to customers who could not receive them over-the-air, the deployments of communications satellites made it financially feasible for broadcasters to distribute channels of national interest to cable, and later satellite television providers, such as superstations and premium television services.", "List of digital television deployments by country __knowledge__ This is a list of digital television deployments by country, which summarises the process and progress of transition from analogue to digital broadcasting.", "List of digital television deployments by country __knowledge__ The transition to digital television is a process that is happening at different paces around the world.", "List of digital television deployments by country __knowledge__ Although digital satellite television is now commonplace, the switch to digital cable and terrestrial television has taken longer.", "List of digital television deployments by country __knowledge__ See also Digital terrestrial television.", "List of digital television deployments by country __knowledge__ Not all countries are compatible within each standard DVB-T, ATSC (North America), DTMB (China), ISDB (of which there are two incompatible variations used in Japan and South America respectively)." ] ]

[ 1, 6, 1, 4, 2 ]

[ "Yeah cord cutting is all about cancelling subscriptions to multichannel television services. I did it over 3 years ago myself and haven't missed a thing! How do you watch TV?", "Well Parks Associates estimated in 2008 (which was obviously 10 years ago) that about 900,000 Americans cut the cord. I bet that number is so much higher now!", "I really don't think they know about Kodi or such IPTV options. Or there are other options like Amazon Video, Hulu, Netflix and YouTube.", "I don't know but there are also another group called the \"cord-nevers\" who have never used commercial cable or satellite TV.", "I don't know but Internet content is significantly cheaper than the same content from cable TV." ]

[ "Cord-cutting", "Cord-cutting", "Cord-cutting", "Cord-cutting", "Cord-cutting" ]

[ "Steak", "I love steak especially the filet mignon.", "Do you know about ribeye steaks?", "Oh wow, that is very informative. How should a steak be cooked?", "What is considered to be the highest quality steak?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ Filet mignon (; French for \"tender fillet\" or \"delicate/ fine fillet\") is a steak cut of beef taken from the smaller end of the tenderloin, or psoas major of the beef carcass, usually a steer or heifer.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ In French this cut can also be called \"filet de bœuf\", which translates in English to \"beef fillet\".", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ The tenderloin runs along both sides of the spine, and is usually harvested as two long snake-shaped cuts of beef.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ The tenderloin is sometimes sold whole.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ When sliced along the short dimension, creating roughly round cuts, and tube cuts, the cuts (fillets) from the small forward end are considered to be filet mignon.", "Shooter's sandwich __knowledge__ The shooter's sandwich is a steak sandwich prepared with cooked steak and mushrooms, salt and pepper that is placed inside a hollowed-out long loaf of bread and then weighed down.", "Shooter's sandwich __knowledge__ It originated in England from the Edwardian era, and is similar to the Beef Wellington.", "Shooter's sandwich __knowledge__ The shooter's sandwich is a steak sandwich prepared by filling a hollowed-out long loaf of bread with cooked filet mignon steak, cooked mushrooms, salt and pepper.", "Shooter's sandwich __knowledge__ Weights are then placed atop the sandwich to squeeze it down, and it is typically left weighed down overnight, which causes the juices from the meat to soak into the bread.", "Caesars Palace __knowledge__ Caesars Palace is a AAA Four Diamond luxury hotel and casino in Paradise, Nevada, United States.", "Caesars Palace __knowledge__ The hotel is situated on the west side of the Las Vegas Strip between Bellagio and The Mirage.", "Caesars Palace __knowledge__ It is one of the most prestigious casino hotels in the world and one of Las Vegas's largest and best known landmarks.", "Caesars Palace __knowledge__ Caesars Palace was established in 1966 by Jay Sarno, who sought to create an opulent facility that gave guests a sense of life during the Roman Empire.", "Caesars Palace __knowledge__ It contains many statues, columns, and iconography typical of Hollywood Roman period productions including a statue of Julius Caesar near the entrance.", "Heinie Manush __knowledge__ Henry Emmett Manush (July 20, 1901 – May 12, 1971), nicknamed \"Heinie\", was an American baseball outfielder.", "Heinie Manush __knowledge__ He played professional baseball for 20 years from 1920 to 1939, including 17 years in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers (1923–1927), St. Louis Browns (1928–1930), Washington Senators (1930–1935), Boston Red Sox (1936), Brooklyn Dodgers (1937–1938), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1938–1939).", "Heinie Manush __knowledge__ After retiring as a player, Manush was a minor league manager from 1940 to 1945, a scout for the Boston Braves in the late 1940s and a coach for the Senators from 1953 to 1954.", "Heinie Manush __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle.", "Beef __knowledge__ Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is a source of high-quality protein and essential nutrients.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef skeletal muscle meat can be cut into roasts, short ribs or steak (filet mignon, sirloin steak, rump steak, rib steak, rib eye steak, hanger steak, etc.).", "Beef __knowledge__ Some cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky), and trimmings, usually mixed with meat from older, leaner cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages.", "Beef __knowledge__ The blood is used in some varieties of blood sausage.", "Beef __knowledge__ Other parts that are eaten include other muscles and offal, such as the oxtail, liver, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread), the heart, the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE), the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the United States as \"calf fries\", \"prairie oysters\", or \"Rocky Mountain oysters\").", "Steak and Ale __knowledge__ Steak and Ale is an American chain of casual dining restaurants, owned and operated by Legendary Restaurant Brands, LLC.", "Steak and Ale __knowledge__ Steak and Ale was founded as an independent restaurant chain in Dallas, Texas, on February 26, 1966, by Norman E. Brinker.", "Steak and Ale __knowledge__ On July 29, 2008, the chain's remaining 58 locations closed as part of a chapter 7 bankruptcy proceeding.", "Steak and Ale __knowledge__ In 2014, Bennigan's CEO Paul Mangiamele announced their intended comeback for 2016, but it was later pushed back to early 2017.", "Steak and Ale __knowledge__ Popular menu items at Steak and Ale included the signature herb-roasted prime rib, Kensington club, New York strip, filet mignon, Hawaiian chicken, and spicy grilled chicken pasta.", "Steak au poivre __knowledge__ Steak au poivre (, Quebec French pronunciation : ) or pepper steak is a French dish that consists of a steak, traditionally a filet mignon, coated with loosely cracked peppercorns and then cooked.", "Steak au poivre __knowledge__ The peppercorns form a crust on the steak when cooked and provide a pungent but complementary counterpoint to the rich flavor of the high-quality beef.", "Steak au poivre __knowledge__ The peppercorn crust itself is made by placing the steak in a bed of cracked black (or mixed) peppercorns.", "Steak au poivre __knowledge__ Typically, the steak is seared in a hot skillet with a small amount of butter and oil.", "Steak au poivre __knowledge__ The steak is seared at a high temperature to cook the outside quickly and form the crust while leaving the interior rare to medium-rare.", "Muscle __knowledge__ Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.", "Muscle __knowledge__ Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell.", "Muscle __knowledge__ Muscles function to produce force and motion.", "Muscle __knowledge__ They are primarily responsible for maintaining and changing posture, locomotion, as well as movement of internal organs, such as the contraction of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive system via peristalsis.", "Muscle __knowledge__ Muscle tissues are derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells in a process known as myogenesis.", "Muscle __knowledge__ There are three types of muscle, skeletal or striated, cardiac, and smooth.", "Reduced muscle mass, strength and performance in space __knowledge__ There is a growing research database which suggests that skeletal muscles, particularly postural muscles of the lower limb, undergo atrophy and structural and metabolic alterations during space flight.", "Reduced muscle mass, strength and performance in space __knowledge__ However, the relationships between in-flight exercise, muscle changes and performance are not well understood.", "Reduced muscle mass, strength and performance in space __knowledge__ Efforts should be made to try to understand the current status of in-flight and post-flight exercise performance capacity and what the goals/target areas for protection are with the current in flight exercise program.", "Reduced muscle mass, strength and performance in space __knowledge__ From the very beginning of the U.S. human space program, serious and reasonable concern has been expressed about exposure of humans to the microgravity of space due to the potential systemic effects on terrestrially-evolved life forms that are so suitably adapted to Earth gravity.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ A myocyte (also known as a muscle cell) is the type of cell found in muscle tissue.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ Myocytes are long, tubular cells that develop from myoblasts to form muscles in a process known as myogenesis.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ There are various specialized forms of myocytes: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells, with various properties.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ The striated cells of cardiac and skeletal muscles are referred to as muscle fibers.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ Cardiomyocytes are the muscle fibres that form the chambers of the heart, and have a single central nucleus.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ Skeletal muscle fibers help support and move the body and tend to have peripheral nuclei.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ Smooth muscle cells control involuntary movements such as the peristalsis contractions in the oesophagus and stomach.", "Gamma motor neuron __knowledge__ A gamma motor neuron (γ motor neuron), also called gamma motoneuron, is a type of lower motor neuron that takes part in the process of muscle contraction, and represents about 30% of (Aγ) fibers going to the muscle.", "Gamma motor neuron __knowledge__ Like alpha motor neurons, their cell bodies are located in the anterior grey column of the spinal cord.", "Gamma motor neuron __knowledge__ They receive input from the reticular formation of the pons in the brainstem.", "Gamma motor neuron __knowledge__ Their axons are smaller than those of the alpha motor neurons, with a diameter of only 5 μm.", "Gamma motor neuron __knowledge__ Unlike the alpha motor neurons, gamma motor neurons do not directly adjust the lengthening or shortening of muscles.", "Alpha motor neuron __knowledge__ Alpha (α) motor neurons (also called alpha motoneurons), are large, multipolar lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord.", "Alpha motor neuron __knowledge__ They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction.", "Alpha motor neuron __knowledge__ Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles.", "Alpha motor neuron __knowledge__ While their cell bodies are found in the central nervous system (CNS), α motor neurons are also considered part of the somatic nervous system—a branch of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)—because their axons extend into the periphery to innervate skeletal muscles.", "Role of skin in locomotion __knowledge__ Role of skin in locomotion describes how the integumentary system is involved in locomotion.", "Role of skin in locomotion __knowledge__ Typically the integumentary system can be thought of as skin, however the integumentary system also includes the segmented exoskeleton in arthropods and feathers of birds.", "Role of skin in locomotion __knowledge__ The primary role of the integumentary system is to provide protection for the body.", "Role of skin in locomotion __knowledge__ However, the structure of the skin has evolved to aid animals in their different modes of locomotion.", "Role of skin in locomotion __knowledge__ Soft bodied animals such as starfish rely on the arrangement of the fibers in their tube feet for movement.", "Role of skin in locomotion __knowledge__ Eels, snakes, and fish use their skin like an external tendon to generate the propulsive forces need for undulatory locomotion." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "Murrumba Homestead Grounds __knowledge__ Murrumba Homestead Grounds is a heritage-listed site at 38 Armstrong Street, Petrie, Moreton Bay Region, Queensland, Australia.", "Murrumba Homestead Grounds __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 February 2009.", "Murrumba Homestead Grounds __knowledge__ The Murrumba Homestead Grounds, established by Tom Petrie in the 1860s, are situated at Petrie (earlier North Pine) on a low rise known locally as Murrumba Hill, and currently within the grounds of Our Lady of the Way Primary School and Parish Church.", "Murrumba Homestead Grounds __knowledge__ Murrumba Homestead was demolished in the early 1950s, but many early plantings associated with the occupation of this site by Tom Petrie and his family, survive - principally Bunya (Araucaria bidwillii), Hoop (Araucaria cunninghamii) and Kauri (Agathis robusta) pines and a large Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) at the crest of the rise.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib eye or ribeye is a beef steak from the rib section.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib section of beef spans from ribs six through twelve.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ Ribeye steaks are mostly composed of the longissimus dorsi muscle but also contain the complexus and spinalis muscles.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ In the United States, the term rib eye steak or Spencer steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib eye or \"ribeye\" was originally, as the name implies, the center best portion of the rib steak, without the bone.", "Murrumba Downs, Queensland __knowledge__ Murrumba Downs is a suburb of the Moreton Bay Region, Queensland, Australia.", "Murrumba Downs, Queensland __knowledge__ It is located east of Kallangur on the Bruce Highway 24 km north of the Brisbane central business district.", "Murrumba Downs, Queensland __knowledge__ It is bounded by Fresh Water Creek to the north, the North Pine River to the south and Bruce Highway to the east.", "Murrumba Downs, Queensland __knowledge__ Murrumba Downs is on land that was part of the Murrumba property, bought by Thomas Petrie about 1858 and farmed by his family for almost 100 years.", "Murrumba Downs, Queensland __knowledge__ The name Murrumba was derived from the local Aboriginal dialect and means \"Good place\".", "Murrumba Downs, Queensland __knowledge__ In the , Murrumba Downs recorded a population of 9,393 people: 51.4% female and 48.6% male.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ Omaha Steaks International, Inc., known as Omaha Steaks, is a retailer of steaks, seafood, and food gifts.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ The company is named after the city it was founded in, and the location of its headquarters, Omaha, Nebraska.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1917 as a butcher shop in Omaha, Nebraska.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ It is a fifth-generation, privately held family business, that grew to become one of America’s largest marketers of beef.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ Omaha Steaks also owns an affiliate company, World Port Seafood.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ J.J. Simon and his son, B.A., came to America to escape antisemitism.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ Passing through Ellis Island in 1898, they settled in Omaha because of the farmland's similarity to their homeland Riga, Latvia.", "Beef carcass classification __knowledge__ Countries regulate the marketing and sale of Beef by observing criteria of Cattle Carcasses at the Abattoir and classifying the carcasses.", "Beef carcass classification __knowledge__ This classification, sometimes optional, can suggest a market demand for a particular animal's attributes and therefore the price owed to the producer.", "Beef carcass classification __knowledge__ The United States Department of Agriculture's grading system, which has been designed to reward marbling, has eight different grades: Prime, Choice, Select, Standard, Commercial, Utility, Cutter and Canner.", "Beef carcass classification __knowledge__ Prime has the highest marbling content when compared to other grades, and is capable of fetching a premium at restaurants and supermarkets.", "Kansas City Steak Company __knowledge__ Kansas City Steak Company based in Kansas City, Kansas, manufactures and markets premium beef (including USDA Prime beef), poultry, seafood, and other foods for foodservice and home delivery.", "Kansas City Steak Company __knowledge__ Kansas City Steak Company was founded by Giovanni Scavuzzo during the Great Depression.", "Kansas City Steak Company __knowledge__ He opened the S&S Meat Company butcher shop in 1932 with sons Santo, Edward and Carlo.", "Kansas City Steak Company __knowledge__ The retail store operated for nearly 50 years.", "Kansas City Steak Company __knowledge__ In 1980, the family decided to focus entirely on foodservice, delivering meat to hotels and restaurants around the Kansas City, Missouri area.", "Kansas City Steak Company __knowledge__ When Ed Scavuzzo, great-grandson of the company's founder, joined the business in 1984, he focused on a new venture: a mail order catalog.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ Trump Steaks is a discontinued brand of steak and other meats that was owned by businessman, reality television host and now US President Donald Trump.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ The brand was launched in 2007 and was exclusively sold through The Sharper Image and QVC.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ Trump Steaks failed to sell well through The Sharper Image, which discontinued sales of the brand after two months.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ Businessman Donald Trump registered \"Trump Steaks\" as a U.S. trademark in August 2006.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ Trump Steaks were launched on May 8, 2007, exclusively through The Sharper Image's catalog, stores, and website as part of a three-month trial period.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ Later that month, Trump and some contestants from his reality television series \"The Apprentice\" attended an event at a Rockefeller Plaza Sharper Image store to promote the steaks.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ This is a list of steak dishes.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Steak is generally a cut of beef sliced perpendicular to the muscle fibers, or of fish cut perpendicular to the spine.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Meat steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled, while fish steaks may also be baked.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Meat cooked in sauce, such as steak and kidney pie, or minced meat formed into a steak shape, such as Salisbury steak and hamburger steak may also be referred to as steak.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Beefsteak is a flat cut of beef, usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Beefsteaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ Barbecue varies by the type of meat, sauce, rub, or other flavorings used, the point in barbecuing at which they are added, the role smoke plays, the equipment and fuel used, cooking temperature, and cooking time.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be ground, for hamburgers, or processed into sausage or kebabs.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be marinated or rubbed with spices before cooking, basted with a sauce or oil before, during or after cooking, or any combination of these.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braaivleis\" (; ) is Afrikaans for grilled meat.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braai\" (plural \"braais\") is Afrikaans for barbecue or grill and is a social custom in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi.", "Fish steak __knowledge__ A fish steak, alternatively known as a fish cutlet, is a cut of fish which is cut perpendicular to the spine and can either include the bones or be boneless.", "Fish steak __knowledge__ Fish steaks can be contrasted with fish fillets, which are cut parallel to either side of the spine and do not include the larger bones.", "Fish steak __knowledge__ In contrast to other vertebrate animals, over 85% of the fish body is made up of consumable muscle.", "Fish steak __knowledge__ Fish steaks can be made with the skin on or off, and are generally made from fish larger than .", "Fish steak __knowledge__ Fish steaks from particularly large fish can be sectioned so they are boneless.", "Fish steak __knowledge__ It takes less time to make a fish steak than a fillet, because steaks are often bone in and skin on." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ A beefsteak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2\" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Beefsteaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"cf.\"", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ cube steak).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ In Australia, beefsteak is referred to as just 'steak' and can be purchased uncooked in supermarkets, butchers and some smallgood shops.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle.", "Beef __knowledge__ Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is a source of high-quality protein and essential nutrients.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef skeletal muscle meat can be cut into roasts, short ribs or steak (filet mignon, sirloin steak, rump steak, rib steak, rib eye steak, hanger steak, etc.).", "Beef __knowledge__ Some cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky), and trimmings, usually mixed with meat from older, leaner cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages.", "Beef __knowledge__ The blood is used in some varieties of blood sausage.", "Beef __knowledge__ Other parts that are eaten include other muscles and offal, such as the oxtail, liver, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread), the heart, the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE), the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the United States as \"calf fries\", \"prairie oysters\", or \"Rocky Mountain oysters\").", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib eye or ribeye is a beef steak from the rib section.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib section of beef spans from ribs six through twelve.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ Ribeye steaks are mostly composed of the longissimus dorsi muscle but also contain the complexus and spinalis muscles.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ In the United States, the term rib eye steak or Spencer steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib eye or \"ribeye\" was originally, as the name implies, the center best portion of the rib steak, without the bone.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ In the United States, the term rib eye steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ The rib eye or \"ribeye\" was originally, as the name implies, the center portion of the rib steak, without the bone.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ It is considered a more flavorful cut than other steaks, such as the fillet, due to the muscle being exercised by the animal during its life.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ Its marbling of fat makes this suitable for slow roasting or grilling cooked to different degrees of doneness.", "Short ribs __knowledge__ Short ribs are a cut of beef taken from the brisket, chuck, plate, or rib areas of beef cattle.", "Short ribs __knowledge__ They consist of a short portion of the rib bone, which is overlain by meat which varies in thickness.", "Short ribs __knowledge__ There are two major types of cuts: The \"flanken\", which is cut across the bone and leaves the bone just in length, and the \"English\", which is cut parallel to the bone and leaves the bone up to in length.", "Short ribs __knowledge__ English cut short ribs may be served individually, or three or four may served connected to one another (a style known as the \"plate\").", "Short ribs __knowledge__ Short ribs are popular in many international cuisines.", "Short ribs __knowledge__ Meatpacking executive Richard C. Banfield notes that the term \"short ribs\" comes from the fact that the cut of meat contains only a portion of each long beef rib.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ Chuck steak is a cut of beef and is part of the sub primal cut known as the chuck.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ The typical chuck steak is a rectangular cut, about 1\" thick and containing parts of the shoulder bones, and is often known as a \"7-bone steak,\" as the shape of the shoulder bone in cross section resembles the numeral '7'.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ This cut is usually grilled or broiled; a thicker version is sold as a \"7-bone roast\" or \"chuck roast\" and is usually cooked with liquid as a pot roast.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ The bone-in chuck steak or roast is one of the more economical cuts of beef.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, this part is commonly referred to as \"braising steak\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "LongHorn Steakhouse __knowledge__ LongHorn Steakhouse is an American casual dining restaurant chain that is owned and operated by Darden Restaurants, Inc., headquartered in Orlando, Florida.", "LongHorn Steakhouse __knowledge__ As of 2016, LongHorn Steakhouse generated $1.6 billion in sales in its 481 locations.", "LongHorn Steakhouse __knowledge__ LongHorn Steakhouse was founded in 1981 by George McKerrow, Jr. and his father.", "LongHorn Steakhouse __knowledge__ McKerrow was a former manager at Victoria Station, a San Francisco based concept with railroad cars used as dining areas that was popular in the US during the 70's and 80's.", "LongHorn Steakhouse __knowledge__ The first location, originally called LongHorn Steaks Restaurant & Saloon, opened on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake is an American casual restaurant chain located primarily in the Midwestern and Southern United States with locations also in the Mid-Atlantic and Western United States, Europe, and the Middle East.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake Operations, Inc. is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ There are 544 locations, of which 417 are company-operated and 127 are franchised.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Typical restaurant locations have sit-down, drive-thru and front-window service, resulting in a hybrid of fast-food to-go service and diner-style sit-down service.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Many Steak 'n Shake restaurants are open 24 hours a day, seven days per week.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ A steak burger is a type of sandwich prepared using steak as a primary ingredient.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the United States, the first steak burger offered to consumers appears to have been invented in 1934.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Beefsteak is typically used, although other meats can also be made into steak burgers.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ They may be prepared with various accompaniments and toppings, and several restaurant versions have existed in the past and continue to be prepared in contemporary times.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Use of the term \"steakburger\" dates to the 1920s in the United States.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. \"Gus\" Belt, the founder of Steak 'n Shake, devised a steak burger and offered it to customers at the company's first location in Normal, Illinois.", "Ruth's Hospitality Group __knowledge__ Ruth's Hospitality Group is the largest fine dining company in the world, with a focus on American steakhouse and seafood restaurants.", "Ruth's Hospitality Group __knowledge__ They have over 160 locations worldwide.", "Ruth's Hospitality Group __knowledge__ The group was formed in May 2008, shortly after Ruth's Chris Steak House acquired the Mitchell's Fish Market and Columbus Fish Market brands from Cameron Mitchell Restaurants.", "Ruth's Hospitality Group __knowledge__ The company was rebranded with a new name by CEO Mike McDonnell to reflect the wider diversity of restaurants in its portfolio.", "Ruth's Hospitality Group __knowledge__ Ruth's Hospitality Group owns five restaurant brands, which are a mixture of company-owned and franchised restaurants located both in the USA and overseas.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ A beefsteak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2\" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Beefsteaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"cf.\"", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ cube steak).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ In Australia, beefsteak is referred to as just 'steak' and can be purchased uncooked in supermarkets, butchers and some smallgood shops.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ Barbecue varies by the type of meat, sauce, rub, or other flavorings used, the point in barbecuing at which they are added, the role smoke plays, the equipment and fuel used, cooking temperature, and cooking time.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be ground, for hamburgers, or processed into sausage or kebabs.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be marinated or rubbed with spices before cooking, basted with a sauce or oil before, during or after cooking, or any combination of these.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braaivleis\" (; ) is Afrikaans for grilled meat.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braai\" (plural \"braais\") is Afrikaans for barbecue or grill and is a social custom in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi.", "Grilling __knowledge__ Grilling is a form of cooking that involves dry heat applied to the surface of food, commonly from above or below.", "Grilling __knowledge__ Grilling usually involves a significant amount of direct, radiant heat, and tends to be used for cooking meat and vegetables quickly.", "Grilling __knowledge__ Food to be grilled is cooked on a grill (an open wire grid such as a gridiron with a heat source above or below), a grill pan (similar to a frying pan, but with raised ridges to mimic the wires of an open grill), or griddle (a flat plate heated from below).", "Grilling __knowledge__ Heat transfer to the food when using a grill is primarily through thermal radiation.", "Grilling __knowledge__ Heat transfer when using a grill pan or griddle is by direct conduction.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 17, 5, 37 ]

[ "A steak is a meat sliced across muscle fibers that sometimes may or may not include a bone.", "Yes i also love steak! There are other classifications or types of steak such as fish steak, pork steak, ground meat steaks, and more.", "Yes. A rib eye steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of any animal that produces beef, the rib bone comes attached to this slice.", "Steaks while usually are grilled on a grill can also be pan-fried or broiled. I personally prefer pan-fried for convenience.", "I'm not sure about steak quality but beef steak can be extremely tender when using dry heat and served whole which makes them delicious even low quality" ]

[ "Steak", "Steak", "Steak", "Steak", "Steak" ]

[ "Marketing\ni work in sales", "Of course yes and I love my job. I love the passion that we sell", "Of course yes. Things are betting better as intelligence grows", "Of course, we have to carry them along and make sure they make profit" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is used to create, keep and satisfy the customer.", "Marketing __knowledge__ With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as \"\"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market with goods for sale.", "Marketing __knowledge__ From a Sales process engineering perspective, marketing is \"\"a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions\"\" of a business aimed at achieving customer interest and satisfaction.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as \"\"the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ A similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value.", "Marketing __knowledge__ In this context, marketing can be defined as \"\"the management process that seeks to maximise returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage.\"\"", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Sales taxes in the United States are taxes placed on the sale or lease of goods and services in the United States.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, sales tax is governed at the state level and no national general sales tax exists.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Forty-five states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam impose general sales taxes that apply to the sale or lease of most goods and some services, and states also may levy selective sales taxes on the sale or lease of particular goods or services.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ States may also delegate to local governments the authority to impose additional general or selective sales taxes.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Since January 2017, 5 states (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire and Oregon) do not levy a statewide sales tax, while California has the highest state sales tax with a base rate of 7.25%.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ Amazon tax collection policy has changed over the years.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ In the U.S., state and local sales taxes are levied by state and local governments, not at the federal level.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ In most countries where Amazon operates, a sales tax or value added tax is uniform throughout the country, and Amazon is obliged to collect it from all customers.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ Many U.S. states have passed online shopping sales tax laws designed to compel Amazon.com and other e-commerce retailers to collect state and local sales taxes from its customers.", "Amazon tax __knowledge__ Amazon.com originally collected sales tax only from five states as of 2011, but as of April 2017 collects sales taxes from customers in all 45 states that have a state sales tax and in Washington, D.C. Alabama is the highest tax rate charged by Amazon, the Alabama tax rate is 8.45%.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ The fleet of plug-in electric vehicles in Norway is the largest per capita in the world, with Oslo recognized as the EV capital of the world.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ , the market concentration was 21.5 registered plug-in cars per 1,000 people, 14.2 times higher than the U.S., then the world's largest country market.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ Norway's fleet of electric cars is one of the cleanest in the world because 98% of the electricity generated in the country comes from hydropower.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ In March 2014, Norway became the first country where over one in every 100 passenger cars on the road was a plug-in electric; the segment's market penetration passed 3% in December 2015, and ended 2016 with 5% of all passenger cars on Norwegian roads being a plug-in.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in the United States is actively supported by the American federal government, and several state and local governments.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ , cumulative sales in the U.S. totaled 764,666 highway legal plug-in electric vehicles since the market launch of the Tesla Roadster in 2008, , the American stock represented 28.1% of the global light-duty plug-in stock, and the U.S. had the world's third largest stock of plug-in passenger cars after China and Europe.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. market share of plug-in electric passenger cars increased from 0.14% in 2011 to 0.62% in 2013.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The plug-in segment reached a market share of 0.75% in 2014 and fell to 0.66% in 2015.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ Sales and use taxes in California are among the highest in the United States and are imposed by the state and by local governments.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ Sales taxes are regressive.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ Local sales tax increases also create geographical variations in sales tax rates which can place local businesses at a competitive disadvantage.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ Poor families pay almost eight times more of their incomes in sales taxes than the best-off families.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ Local sales tax rate increases also create geographical variations in sales tax rates which can place local businesses at a competitive disadvantage.", "Sales and use taxes in California __knowledge__ At 7.25%, California has the highest minimum statewide sales tax rate in the United States, which can total up to 10.25% with local sales taxes included.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from an external source of electricity, such as wall sockets, and the electricity stored in the rechargeable battery packs drives or contributes to drive the wheels.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ PEV is a subset of electric vehicles that includes all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ In China, plug-in electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs).", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ Plug-in cars have several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is used to create, keep and satisfy the customer.", "Marketing __knowledge__ With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as \"\"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market with goods for sale.", "Marketing __knowledge__ From a Sales process engineering perspective, marketing is \"\"a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions\"\" of a business aimed at achieving customer interest and satisfaction.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as \"\"the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ A similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value.", "Marketing __knowledge__ In this context, marketing can be defined as \"\"the management process that seeks to maximise returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage.\"\"", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB in 2003.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After its third season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which then became the broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Schwahn served as executive producer while also writing and directing for the show, including the premieres and finales of all seasons.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ The show began with nine main characters in its first season.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After that, characters from that first season left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Originally, it followed two half-brothers Lucas and Nathan Scott who started out as enemies but later formed a close bond as brothers.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Christopher Reeve __knowledge__ Christopher D'Olier Reeve (September 25, 1952 – October 10, 2004) was an American actor.", "Christopher Reeve __knowledge__ He achieved stardom for his acting achievements, in particular.", "Christopher Reeve __knowledge__ He is best known for his motion picture portrayal of the classic DC comic book superhero Superman, beginning with the acclaimed \"Superman\" (1978), for which he won a BAFTA Award.", "Christopher Reeve __knowledge__ Reeve appeared in other critically acclaimed films such as \"The Bostonians\" (1984), \"Street Smart\" (1987) and \"The Remains of the Day\" (1993).", "Christopher Reeve __knowledge__ He received a Screen Actors Guild Award and a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in the television remake of \"Rear Window\" (1998).", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Social media marketing is the use of social media platforms and websites to promote a product or service.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Although the terms e-marketing and digital marketing are still dominant in academia, social media marketing is becoming more popular for both practitioners and researchers.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Most social media platforms have built-in data analytics tools, which enable companies to track the progress, success, and engagement of ad campaigns.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Companies address a range of stakeholders through social media marketing, including current and potential customers, current and potential employees, journalists, bloggers, and the general public.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ A touchpoint can be defined as any way a consumer can interact with a business, whether it be person-to-person, through a website, an app or any form of communication (“Touchpoint Glossary”, n.d.).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ When consumers come in contact with these touchpoints it gives them the opportunity to compare their prior perceptions of the business and form an opinion (Stein, & Ramaseshan, 2016).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints in marketing communications are the varying ways that a brand interacts and displays information to prospective customers and current customers.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints allow customers to have experiences every time they “touch’ any part of the product, service, brand or organization, across multiple channels and various points in time (Pantano and Milena, 2015 and Zomerdijk and Voss, 2010).", "Target market __knowledge__ A target market is a group of customers within a business's serviceable available market that the business has decided to aim its marketing efforts towards.", "Target market __knowledge__ Target markets consist of consumers who exhibit similar characteristics (such as age, location, income, and lifestyle) and are considered most likely to buy a business's product or service.", "Target market __knowledge__ Target markets can be broken down into two categories: primary and secondary target markets.", "Target market __knowledge__ Primary target markets are those market segments to which marketing efforts are primarily directed, while secondary markets are smaller or less vital to a product's success.", "Marketing plan __knowledge__ A marketing plan may be part of an overall business plan.", "Marketing plan __knowledge__ Solid marketing strategy is the foundation of a well-written marketing plan.", "Marketing plan __knowledge__ While a marketing plan contains a list of actions, without a sound strategic foundation, it is of little use to a business.", "Marketing plan __knowledge__ A marketing plan is a comprehensive document or blueprint that outlines a business advertising and marketing efforts for the coming year.", "Marketing plan __knowledge__ It describes business activities involved in accomplishing specific marketing objectives within a set time frame.", "Marketing plan __knowledge__ A marketing plan also includes a description of the current marketing position of a business, a discussion of the target market and a description of the marketing mix that a business will use to achieve their marketing goals.", "Strip club __knowledge__ Strip clubs are venues where strippers provide adult entertainment, predominantly in the form of striptease or other erotic or exotic dances.", "Strip club __knowledge__ Strip clubs typically adopt a nightclub or bar style, and can also adopt a theatre or cabaret-style.", "Strip club __knowledge__ American-style strip clubs began to appear outside North America after World War II, arriving in Asia in the late 1940s and Europe in the 1950s, where they competed against the local English and French styles of striptease and erotic performances.", "Strip club __knowledge__ As of 2005, the size of the global strip club industry was estimated to be US$75 billion.", "Strip club __knowledge__ In 2002, the size of the U.S. strip club industry was estimated to be US$3.1 billion, generating 19% of the total gross revenue in legal adult entertainment.", "Target audience __knowledge__ A target audience is the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other message.", "Target audience __knowledge__ In marketing and advertising, it is a particular group of consumers within the predetermined target market, identified as the targets or recipients for a particular advertisement or message.", "Target audience __knowledge__ Businesses that have a wide target market will focus on a specific target audience for certain messages to send, such as The Body Shops Mother's Day advertisements, which were aimed at the children and spouses of women, rather than the whole market which would have included the women themselves.", "Target audience __knowledge__ A target audience is formed from the same factors as a target market, but it is more specific, and is susceptible to influence from other factors.", "Entanet __knowledge__ Entanet International is a British Wholesale ISP and is a member of the Internet Service Providers Association Entanet is formed as a limited company in November after running as a separate business unit with Enta Technologies since February.", "Entanet __knowledge__ Launches a 'Virtual Pipe' solution for ISP's wanting to buy IPStream capacity without having to buy a full central from BT Wholesale Expands into Europe with PoPs in Frankfurt, Amsterdam and Paris.", "Entanet __knowledge__ Joins AMS-IX, SFINX and De-CIX.", "Entanet __knowledge__ All broadband customers on 'MAX' products are upgraded from 'up to 2Mbit/s' to 'up to 8Mbit/s' Entanet begins to sponsor Wolverhampton Wanderers Football Club Entanet is selected to take part in the test of BT's 21st Century Network, making it the only non-BT company taking part in the trial." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is used to create, keep and satisfy the customer.", "Marketing __knowledge__ With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as \"\"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market with goods for sale.", "Marketing __knowledge__ From a Sales process engineering perspective, marketing is \"\"a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions\"\" of a business aimed at achieving customer interest and satisfaction.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as \"\"the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ A similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value.", "Marketing __knowledge__ In this context, marketing can be defined as \"\"the management process that seeks to maximise returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage.\"\"", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "Spread betting __knowledge__ Spread betting is any of various types of wagering on the outcome of an event where the pay-off is based on the accuracy of the wager, rather than a simple \"win or lose\" outcome, such as fixed-odds (or money-line) betting or parimutuel betting.", "Spread betting __knowledge__ A \"spread\" is a range of outcomes and the bet is whether the outcome will be above or below the spread.", "Spread betting __knowledge__ Spread betting has been a major growth market in the UK in recent years, with the number of gamblers heading towards one million.", "Spread betting __knowledge__ Financial spread betting (see below) can carry a high level of risk if there is no \"stop\".", "Spread betting __knowledge__ In the UK, spread betting is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority rather than the Gambling Commission.", "Community card poker __knowledge__ Community card poker refers to any game of poker that uses community cards (also called \"shared cards\" or \"window cards\"), which are cards dealt face up in the center of the table and shared by all players.", "Community card poker __knowledge__ In these games, each player is dealt privately an incomplete hand (\"hole cards\"), which are then combined with the community cards to make a complete hand.", "Community card poker __knowledge__ The set of community cards is called the \"board\", and may be dealt in a simple line or arranged in a special pattern.", "Community card poker __knowledge__ Rules of each game determine how they may be combined with each player's private hand.", "Community card poker __knowledge__ The most popular community card game today is Texas hold 'em, originating sometime in the 1920s.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Sports betting __knowledge__ Sports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome.", "Sports betting __knowledge__ The frequency of sports bet upon varies by culture, with the vast majority of bets being placed on association football, American football, basketball, baseball, hockey, track cycling, auto racing, mixed martial arts and boxing at both the amateur and professional levels.", "Sports betting __knowledge__ Sports betting can also extend to non-athletic events, such as reality show contests and political elections, and non-human contests such as horse racing, greyhound racing and illegal, underground dog fighting.", "Sports betting __knowledge__ Sports bettors place their wagers either legally, through a bookmaker/sportsbook, or illegally through privately run enterprises referred to as \"bookies\".", "Draw poker __knowledge__ Draw poker is any poker variant in which each player is dealt a complete hand before the first betting round, and then develops the hand for later rounds by replacing, or \"drawing\", cards.", "Draw poker __knowledge__ The descriptions below assume the reader is familiar with the general game play of poker, and with hand values (both high and low variations).", "Draw poker __knowledge__ They also make no assumptions about what betting structure is used.", "Draw poker __knowledge__ In home games, it is typical to use an ante, and betting always begins with the player to the dealer's left.", "Draw poker __knowledge__ In casino play, it is more common to use blinds; the first betting round thus begins with the player to the left of the big blind, and subsequent rounds begin with the player to the dealer's left, thus draw games are very positional.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Social media marketing is the use of social media platforms and websites to promote a product or service.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Although the terms e-marketing and digital marketing are still dominant in academia, social media marketing is becoming more popular for both practitioners and researchers.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Most social media platforms have built-in data analytics tools, which enable companies to track the progress, success, and engagement of ad campaigns.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Companies address a range of stakeholders through social media marketing, including current and potential customers, current and potential employees, journalists, bloggers, and the general public.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "Social media analytics __knowledge__ Social Media Analytics as a part of social analytics is the process of gathering data from stakeholder conversations on digital media and processing into structured insights leading to more information-driven business decisions and increased customer centrality for brands and businesses.", "Social media analytics __knowledge__ \"Social Media Analytics is the art and science of extracting valuable hidden insights from vast amounts of semi-structured and unstructured social media data to enable informed and insightful decision making.", "Social media analytics __knowledge__ It is a science, as it involves systematically identifying, extracting, and analyzing social media data (such as tweets, shares, likes, and hyperlinks) using sophisticated tools and techniques.", "Predictive analytics __knowledge__ Predictive analytics encompasses a variety of statistical techniques from predictive modelling, machine learning, and data mining that analyze current and historical facts to make predictions about future or otherwise unknown events.", "Predictive analytics __knowledge__ In business, predictive models exploit patterns found in historical and transactional data to identify risks and opportunities.", "Predictive analytics __knowledge__ Models capture relationships among many factors to allow assessment of risk or potential associated with a particular set of conditions, guiding decision making for candidate transactions.", "Predictive analytics __knowledge__ The defining functional effect of these technical approaches is that predictive analytics provides a predictive score (probability) for each individual (customer, employee, healthcare patient, product SKU, vehicle, component, machine, or other organizational unit) in order to determine, inform, or influence organizational processes that pertain across large numbers of individuals, such as in marketing, credit risk assessment, fraud detection, manufacturing, healthcare, and government operations including law enforcement.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Twitter () is an online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages, known as \"tweets.\"", "Twitter __knowledge__ These messages were originally restricted to 140 characters, but on November 7, 2017, the limit was doubled to 280 characters for all languages except Japanese, Korean and Chinese.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Registered users can post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Users access Twitter through its website interface, Short Message Service (SMS) or mobile device application software (\"app\").", "Twitter __knowledge__ Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California, United States, and has more than 25 offices around the world.", "Spredfast __knowledge__ Spredfast is a global social media marketing software company that provides community management, social media marketing, content management, social care, and social media analytics tools to enterprise brands and agencies.", "Spredfast __knowledge__ Founded in Austin, Texas in 2008, Spredfast has offices in Austin, New York City, London, Argentina, Sydney, Hamburg, and Ukraine.", "Spredfast __knowledge__ Spredfast's smart social software enables companies to build lasting relationships with today's digitally connected consumer.", "Spredfast __knowledge__ Brand and media companies use the Spredfast Social Software Platform to manage, integrate, and amplify social content across any digital touch point in real time.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ Digital marketing is the marketing of products or services using digital technologies, mainly on the Internet, but also including mobile phones, display advertising, and any other digital medium.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ Digital marketing's development since the 1990s and 2000s has changed the way brands and businesses use technology for marketing.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ As digital platforms are increasingly incorporated into marketing plans and everyday life, and as people use digital devices instead of visiting physical shops, digital marketing campaigns are becoming more prevalent and efficient.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ Digital marketing methods such as search engine optimization (SEO), search engine marketing (SEM), content marketing, influencer marketing, content automation, campaign marketing, data-driven marketing, e-commerce marketing, social media marketing, social media optimization, e-mail direct marketing, display advertising, e–books, and optical disks and games are becoming more common in our advancing technology." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is used to create, keep and satisfy the customer.", "Marketing __knowledge__ With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation.", "Marketing __knowledge__ Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as \"\"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market with goods for sale.", "Marketing __knowledge__ From a Sales process engineering perspective, marketing is \"\"a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions\"\" of a business aimed at achieving customer interest and satisfaction.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as \"\"the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.\"\"", "Marketing __knowledge__ A similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value.", "Marketing __knowledge__ In this context, marketing can be defined as \"\"the management process that seeks to maximise returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage.\"\"", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "Ferengi __knowledge__ The Ferengi are a fictional extraterrestrial race from the \"Star Trek\" universe.", "Ferengi __knowledge__ They first appeared in , the fourth episode of \"\" in 1987, during which they made first contact with the United Federation of Planets in 2364 on the planet Delphi Ardu, though they had been mentioned in the series' pilot, \"Encounter at Farpoint\".", "Ferengi __knowledge__ They and their culture are characterized by a mercantile obsession with profit and trade, and their constant efforts to swindle unwary customers into unfair deals.", "Ferengi __knowledge__ They are also known for their business acumen and for rampant misogyny, sometimes forcing their women into the sex trade.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ The was an economic bubble in Japan from 1986 to 1991 in which real estate and stock market prices were greatly inflated.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ In early 1992, this price bubble collapsed.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ The bubble was characterized by rapid acceleration of asset prices and overheated economic activity, as well as an uncontrolled money supply and credit expansion.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ More specifically, over-confidence and speculation regarding asset and stock prices had been closely associated with excessive monetary easing policy at the time.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ By August 1990, the Nikkei stock index had plummeted to half its peak by the time of the fifth monetary tightening by the Bank of Japan (BOJ).", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Below is a list of all the villains who appear in the \"Ben 10\" universe ranging from \"Ben 10\", \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"Ben 10 (Reboot)\".", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Each of the villains has been sorted into the TV series that he or she debuted in.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Voiced by: Vilgax is a warlord who is Ben's first and most recurring nemesis through the series.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Being of the Chimera Sui Generis (named after the mythological Chimera) race, who are able to turn into giant squid-like creatures when exposed to water, Vilgax was exiled from his home world for being ruthless, cruel, and power hungry.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Soon after, Vilgax meets Maltruant as depicted in the Omniverse series finale which had him indirectly learn of the Omnitrix's existence when attacked by George Washington and a mysterious figure later revealed to be Ben.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the universe of Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10\" franchise, which includes \"Ben 10\", \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"Ben 10 (Reboot)\".", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Portrayed by: Benjamin Kirby \"Ben\" Tennyson (alias \"Ben 10\") is the main character of the franchise.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ He is a 10-year-old boy child from Bellwood who found the Omnitrix during his summer vacation with his Grandfather Max Tennyson and his cousin Gwen Tennyson.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ The Omnitrix attached to his wrist and gives him the powers and abilities to become different aliens.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ He uses these powers to defeat evil while trying to escape the alien warlord Vilgax, who chases after him unstoppably in order to retrieve the Omnitrix.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the major and minor characters featured in and/or created specifically for the Cartoon Network and Kids' WB animated series \"Teen Titans\" and related properties.", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ Although he is the only one of the group without any superpowers, by virtue of his heroic experience and reputation, Robin is the highly disciplined leader of the Teen Titans.", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ As elaborated upon in the \"Go\" episode, Robin forms the group after aiding Starfire in her escape from captivity, with the help of Beast Boy, Cyborg, and Raven.", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ Prior to this, he left his mentor, Batman, (though not mentioned by name), in an effort to make it on their own as a crime-fighters.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media." ] ]

[ 2, 46, 3, 2 ]

[ "That's awesome. I am in marketing so we are both in the business of creating and keeping Customers. Do you work closely with your marketing team?", "That is great. I actually do social media marketing now. It is a lot easier to track results now than it was when I started. We didn't have built in analytics tools back then.", "That is so true, but I've found no matter how much things change the one thing that stays the same is that the customer has to be the focus or you lose everything.", "Yup, as long as they are satisfied in the end we have a good chance at keeping the customers and everyone is happy!" ]

[ "Marketing", "Marketing", "Marketing", "Marketing" ]

[ "Imagine Dragons", "What do you like about them?", "What is your favorite song of theirs?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band first gained exposure with the release of single \"It's Time\", followed by their award-winning debut studio album \"Night Visions\" (2012), which resulted in the chart topping singles \"Radioactive\" and \"Demons\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Billboard\" placed them at the top of their \"Year In Rock\" rankings for 2013 and 2017 and named them their \"Breakthrough Band of 2013\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ and \"Biggest Band of 2017.\"", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" named their single \"Radioactive\", which holds the record for most weeks on the Hot 100, from \"Night Visions\" the \"biggest rock hit of the year\", and MTV called them \"the year's biggest breakout band\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band's second studio album \"Smoke + Mirrors\" (2015) reached number one in the US, Canada and the UK.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ After a brief hiatus, the band released their third studio album, \"Evolve\" (2017) which resulted in the chart-topping singles, \"Believer\" and \"Thunder\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ While all three albums were commercially successful, critical reception was mixed.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons has won three American Music Awards, five Billboard Music Awards, one Grammy Award, and one World Music Award." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band first gained exposure with the release of single \"It's Time\", followed by their award-winning debut studio album \"Night Visions\" (2012), which resulted in the chart topping singles \"Radioactive\" and \"Demons\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Billboard\" placed them at the top of their \"Year In Rock\" rankings for 2013 and 2017 and named them their \"Breakthrough Band of 2013\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ and \"Biggest Band of 2017.\"", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" named their single \"Radioactive\", which holds the record for most weeks on the Hot 100, from \"Night Visions\" the \"biggest rock hit of the year\", and MTV called them \"the year's biggest breakout band\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band's second studio album \"Smoke + Mirrors\" (2015) reached number one in the US, Canada and the UK.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ After a brief hiatus, the band released their third studio album, \"Evolve\" (2017) which resulted in the chart-topping singles, \"Believer\" and \"Thunder\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ While all three albums were commercially successful, critical reception was mixed.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons has won three American Music Awards, five Billboard Music Awards, one Grammy Award, and one World Music Award.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Andrew Michael Reynolds (born June 6, 1978) is a professional street skateboarder.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He is the co-founder and owner of Baker Skateboards; a part owner of Brigada Eyewear; a partner in Bakerboys Distribution (distributors of Baker Skateboards, Shake Junt, Deathwish Skateboards, Heroin Skateboards, Palace Skateboards, Hammers Skateboards, Death Lens, and Ashbury Eyewear), and head designer at Altamont Apparel.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Reynolds was a competitor in the 2014 Street League Skateboarding (SLS) contest series and finished with an overall ranking of 25.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He first picked up a board when he was 9 years old.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Influenced by Powell videos at the time, Andrew began to skate jump ramps as well as wall rides.", "History of painting __knowledge__ The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures.", "History of painting __knowledge__ It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity, that continues into the 21st century.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ This is a list of creatures in the fictional \"Star Wars\" universe.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ To be listed here, creatures must be noted in multiple canonical sources.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ An Acklay is a large non-Sentient creature resembling an Earth's praying mantis.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is a Crustacean.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is equipped with three eyes and six legs with four digits each, the fourth of which terminates in an elongated scythe-like claw and a crest to protect it from air attack.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ As a carnivore, it possesses a mouth full of long, sharp teeth that it uses for catching fish.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It originated on Vendaxa, but has since adapted to other environments such as Felucia and Geonosis.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Prayer\" is a song by American singer Madonna, from her fourth studio album of the same name.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ Sire Records released it as the album's lead single on March 3, 1989.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ Written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, the track denoted a more artistic and personal approach to songwriting for Madonna, who believed that she needed to cater more to her adult audience.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ The song is about a passionate young girl in love with God, who becomes the only male figure in her life.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Prayer\" is a pop rock song and incorporates gospel music.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ It features background vocals from a choir and also a rock guitar.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim Cantor (born August 10, 1969) is an American self-taught surrealism artist and writer.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim was raised in Marin County, California and began painting at the age of 5 using a box of oil paints and brushes that were his great-grandfather's.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim's great-grandfather was the English Artist, Lloyd Dundas Whiffen (1885-1951).", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ His first oil painting was created at the age of 5.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ When Tim was 15, he won a Bank of America achievement in arts award.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Also at the age of 15, Tim was given his first gallery exhibition where one of his paintings was acquired to hang in the White House.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim has since had exhibitions in Athens, Tokyo, Singapore, Paris, Venice, New York, Beverly Hills and San Francisco.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Daniel Coulter Reynolds (born July 14, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ He is the lead vocalist for the rock band Imagine Dragons.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Reynolds also released an EP in 2011, titled \"Egyptian – EP,\" as a duo with Aja Volkman under the moniker Egyptian.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ He is a recipient of the Songwriters Hall of Fame Hal David Starlight Award.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Reynolds was born on July 14, 1987 in Las Vegas, the seventh of nine children born to Christene M. (née Callister) and Ronald Reynolds, a lawyer and author.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Both are natives of Nevada, and Reynolds is a 4th generation Nevadan.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ Night Visions is the debut studio album by American rock band Imagine Dragons.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ It was released on September 4, 2012, through KIDinaKORNER and Interscope Records.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ The extended track was released on February 12, 2013, adding three more songs.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ Recorded between 2010 and 2012, the album was primarily produced by the band themselves, as well as English hip-hop producer Alex da Kid and Brandon Darner from the American indie rock group The Envy Corps.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ It was mastered by Joe LaPorta.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ According to frontman Dan Reynolds, the album took three years to finish, with six of the album's tracks being previously released on multiple EPs.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ \"Radioactive\" is a song by American rock band Imagine Dragons for their major-label debut EP \"Continued Silence\" and later on their debut studio album, \"Night Visions\" (2012), as the opening track.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ \"Radioactive\" was first sent to modern rock radio on October 29, 2012, and released to contemporary radio on April 9, 2013.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Radioactive\" is an electronic rock and alternative rock song with elements of dubstep and contains cryptic lyrics about apocalyptic and revolutionist themes.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ The song received positive reviews from critics, who praised the production, lyrics, and vocals, calling it a highlight on the album.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ Smoke + Mirrors is the second studio album by American rock band Imagine Dragons.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ The album was recorded during 2014 at the band's home studio in Las Vegas, Nevada.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ Self-produced by members of the band along with English hip-hop producer Alexander Grant, known by his moniker Alex da Kid, the album was released by Interscope Records and Grant's KIDinaKORNER label on February 17, 2015, in the United States.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ The album received generally mixed reviews from music critics upon release.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ However, it debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the United States, moving more than 172,000 units, and also debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Canadian Albums Chart.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ Evolve (stylized as ƎVOLVE) is the third studio album by American rock band Imagine Dragons, released on June 23, 2017 through KIDinaKORNER and Interscope Records.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ The album is the band's new material follow-up to their second studio album, \"Smoke + Mirrors\".", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ After the release of \"Smoke + Mirrors\" and its respective world tour, a self-imposed hiatus for 2016 and cryptic messages from the band through their social media gained anticipation for their third album.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ The album was finally announced on May 9, with the initiation of the album's pre-order.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ In comparison to \"Night Visions\" and \"Smoke + Mirrors\", frontman Dan Reynolds explained that the album would be an \"evolution for Imagine Dragons\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band first gained exposure with the release of single \"It's Time\", followed by their award-winning debut studio album \"Night Visions\" (2012), which resulted in the chart topping singles \"Radioactive\" and \"Demons\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Billboard\" placed them at the top of their \"Year In Rock\" rankings for 2013 and 2017 and named them their \"Breakthrough Band of 2013\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ and \"Biggest Band of 2017.\"", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" named their single \"Radioactive\", which holds the record for most weeks on the Hot 100, from \"Night Visions\" the \"biggest rock hit of the year\", and MTV called them \"the year's biggest breakout band\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band's second studio album \"Smoke + Mirrors\" (2015) reached number one in the US, Canada and the UK.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ After a brief hiatus, the band released their third studio album, \"Evolve\" (2017) which resulted in the chart-topping singles, \"Believer\" and \"Thunder\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ While all three albums were commercially successful, critical reception was mixed.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons has won three American Music Awards, five Billboard Music Awards, one Grammy Award, and one World Music Award.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ \"Favorite Song\" is a song by American recording artist Colbie Caillat.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ It was written by Caillat and Ryan Tedder, and produced by Tedder and it features American rapper Common.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ The song was released as the third single from her third studio album \"All of You\" (2011).", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ it was released on May 8, 2012.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ Musically, the song is a guitar-driven pop, hip-hop jam, and the lyrics speak about being in love with someone and desiring that the person feels the same.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ The song is a metaphor for wanting to be the object of someone’s affection.", "Favorite Song __knowledge__ The song received mixed reviews, some critics commended the track for having a \"summer and island vibe\", but some others dismissed Common's appearance and the chorus.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ Ira Cara Cruz is a multi-awarded Filipino musician, composer and producer.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ He was a founding member of Filipino rock bands Hijo, Bamboo, Introvoys, Passage and Kapatid.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ Introvoys was formed in 1986 by 3rd-G Cristobal, Paco Arespacochaga, and Jonathan Buencamino.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ Their first album was a \"diamond in the rough\".", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ After two singles, Dyna Records, which was the band's label, was ready to drop them like a hot potato.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ However, fate had a different plan.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ \"However Which way\" which was the band's third single shot all the way to No.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ 1 in Metro Manila in just 2 weeks.", "Ira Cruz __knowledge__ After a month, the song became the country's No.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ All of You is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Colbie Caillat.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ The album was scheduled to be released on May 3, 2011, but was pushed back by two months to a July 12, 2011 release in the United States through Universal Republic Records.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ The set, largely produced by Greg Wells, features one guest appearance by rapper/actor Common, who graces \"Favorite Song\", while her songwriting collaborators include Ryan Tedder, Toby Gad, Jason Reeves and Rick Nowels.", "All of You (Colbie Caillat album) __knowledge__ The album's lead-single \"I Do\" was released on February 7, 2011 and has charted at number 23 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and at number 11 on the Adult Pop Songs.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards Mexico is an annual awards show that awards entertainers with a blimp trophy, as voted by kids on internet.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The show is usually held in September and televised days later.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ In June 2010, Viacom gave the rights for Mexico to release their own Kids' Choice Awards.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The awards ceremony took place on September 4, 2010 at \"El Teatro Chino de Six Flags\" (The Chinese Theater of Six Flags) of the Six Flags Mexico park.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ It was presented by Omar Chaparro and Anahí.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The show was not televised until October 14, 2010.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ The award show was a low budget production.", "Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards __knowledge__ Presented via a 'giant screen' were special messages from the cast of iCarly (Miranda Cosgrove, Jennette McCurdy, Nathan Kress, Jerry Trainor and Noah Munck), and Justin Bieber in acceptance of their wins for the categories of \"Favorite TV Show\" and \"Favorite Song\" respectively.", "Jealous (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ \"Jealous\" is a song by Filipino singer Nina from her 2002 debut studio album \"Heaven\".", "Jealous (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ It was released as the album's second commercial single in February 2003 by Warner Music Philippines.", "Jealous (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ The song was written by international songwriters Shelly Peiken and Brett Laurence, and it was produced by Ferdie Marquez.", "Jealous (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ The song tells a story of a girl who is in love with her ex-boyfriend that has a new girlfriend.", "Jealous (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ She narrates how jealous she is with the girl, and how lucky the girl is.", "Jealous (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ She also promises to wait for the boy, the moment the girl leaves him.", "Jealous (Nina Girado song) __knowledge__ Upon release, the song received generally positive response from fans and critics alike, becoming a commercial success and earning Nina seven awards—the most number of awards received by a \"Heaven\" song.", "Daniel Padilla __knowledge__ Daniel John Ford Padilla (born 26 April 1995) is a Filipino actor and recording artist.", "Daniel Padilla __knowledge__ Padilla has been labelled as Philippine showbiz's \"Teen King\".", "Daniel Padilla __knowledge__ He made his television debut with a supporting role in soap opera \"Gimik 2010\" (2010), before landing the lead role in \"Growing Up\" (2011).", "Daniel Padilla __knowledge__ Padilla has starred in the most watch Filipino television programs of the year including \"Princess and I\" (2012-2013), \"Got to Believe\" (2013-2014) and \"Pangako Sa 'Yo\" (2015-2016).", "Daniel Padilla __knowledge__ He made her feature film debut as supporting cast in 2012 before starred in the top 10 highest-grossing Filipino films of the year including \"She's Dating the Gangster\" (2014), \"Crazy Beautiful You\" (2015), \"\" (2016) and \"Can't Help Falling in Love\".", "Kyla __knowledge__ Melanie \"Kyla\" Alvarez (born Melanie Hernandez Calumpad on 5 January 1981), better known by her stage name Kyla, is a Filipino R&B singer-songwriter, occasional actress and presenter.", "Kyla __knowledge__ Kyla began her career in 2000 under OctoArts EMI Philippines and rose to prominence with the release of her second single \"\"Hanggang Ngayon\"\" (English translation: \"\"Until Now\"\").", "Kyla __knowledge__ The song won the MTV Viewers' Choice for Southeast Asia at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards making her the first East Asian female artist to win at the MTV Video Music Awards Known in the Philippines as \"the Queen of R&B\", her work has earned her several achievements, including a star on the Walk of Fame in the Philippines, an MTV Video Music Award, twelve Awit Awards, four MTV Philippines Music Award, and six MYX Music Awards.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim Cantor (born August 10, 1969) is an American self-taught surrealism artist and writer.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim was raised in Marin County, California and began painting at the age of 5 using a box of oil paints and brushes that were his great-grandfather's.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim's great-grandfather was the English Artist, Lloyd Dundas Whiffen (1885-1951).", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ His first oil painting was created at the age of 5.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ When Tim was 15, he won a Bank of America achievement in arts award.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Also at the age of 15, Tim was given his first gallery exhibition where one of his paintings was acquired to hang in the White House.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim has since had exhibitions in Athens, Tokyo, Singapore, Paris, Venice, New York, Beverly Hills and San Francisco.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ \"Radioactive\" is a song by American rock band Imagine Dragons for their major-label debut EP \"Continued Silence\" and later on their debut studio album, \"Night Visions\" (2012), as the opening track.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ \"Radioactive\" was first sent to modern rock radio on October 29, 2012, and released to contemporary radio on April 9, 2013.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Radioactive\" is an electronic rock and alternative rock song with elements of dubstep and contains cryptic lyrics about apocalyptic and revolutionist themes.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ The song received positive reviews from critics, who praised the production, lyrics, and vocals, calling it a highlight on the album.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ Night Visions is the debut studio album by American rock band Imagine Dragons.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ It was released on September 4, 2012, through KIDinaKORNER and Interscope Records.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ The extended track was released on February 12, 2013, adding three more songs.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ Recorded between 2010 and 2012, the album was primarily produced by the band themselves, as well as English hip-hop producer Alex da Kid and Brandon Darner from the American indie rock group The Envy Corps.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ It was mastered by Joe LaPorta.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ According to frontman Dan Reynolds, the album took three years to finish, with six of the album's tracks being previously released on multiple EPs.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ Smoke + Mirrors is the second studio album by American rock band Imagine Dragons.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ The album was recorded during 2014 at the band's home studio in Las Vegas, Nevada.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ Self-produced by members of the band along with English hip-hop producer Alexander Grant, known by his moniker Alex da Kid, the album was released by Interscope Records and Grant's KIDinaKORNER label on February 17, 2015, in the United States.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ The album received generally mixed reviews from music critics upon release.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ However, it debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the United States, moving more than 172,000 units, and also debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Canadian Albums Chart.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Daniel Coulter Reynolds (born July 14, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ He is the lead vocalist for the rock band Imagine Dragons.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Reynolds also released an EP in 2011, titled \"Egyptian – EP,\" as a duo with Aja Volkman under the moniker Egyptian.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ He is a recipient of the Songwriters Hall of Fame Hal David Starlight Award.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Reynolds was born on July 14, 1987 in Las Vegas, the seventh of nine children born to Christene M. (née Callister) and Ronald Reynolds, a lawyer and author.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Both are natives of Nevada, and Reynolds is a 4th generation Nevadan.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ Evolve (stylized as ƎVOLVE) is the third studio album by American rock band Imagine Dragons, released on June 23, 2017 through KIDinaKORNER and Interscope Records.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ The album is the band's new material follow-up to their second studio album, \"Smoke + Mirrors\".", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ After the release of \"Smoke + Mirrors\" and its respective world tour, a self-imposed hiatus for 2016 and cryptic messages from the band through their social media gained anticipation for their third album.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ The album was finally announced on May 9, with the initiation of the album's pre-order.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ In comparison to \"Night Visions\" and \"Smoke + Mirrors\", frontman Dan Reynolds explained that the album would be an \"evolution for Imagine Dragons\"." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "Imagine dragons are one of the best bands", "I like Imagine dragons take on american rock", "I like Night Vision album with songs like Demons" ]

[ "Imagine Dragons", "Imagine Dragons", "Imagine Dragons" ]

[ "Disc jockey", "Yes, I do. I was a disc jockey when I was in my 20's. I loved the job.", "I played for a radio station. It was really fun. I had to learn the mix they wanted. It was precise" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ A disc jockey (DJ) is a person who plays existing recorded music for a live audience.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ Most common types of DJs include radio DJ, club DJ who performs at a nightclub or Music festival and turntablist who uses record players, usually turntable, to manipulate sounds on the phonograph record.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ Originally, the \"disc\" in \"disc jockey\" referred to gramophone records, but now \"DJ\" is used as an all-encompassing term to describe someone who mixes recorded music from any source, including vinyl records, cassettes, CDs, or digital audio files stored on USB stick or laptop.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ DJs typically perform for a live audience in a nightclub or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or in the 2010s, an online radio audience.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ DJs also create mixes, remixes and tracks that are recorded for later sale and distribution.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ In hip hop music, DJs may create beats, using percussion breaks, basslines and other musical content sampled from pre-existing records.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ In hip hop, rappers and MCs use these beats to rap over.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ DJs use equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously and mix them together.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ This allows the DJ to create seamless transitions between recordings and develop unique mixes of songs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ A disc jockey (DJ) is a person who plays existing recorded music for a live audience.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ Most common types of DJs include radio DJ, club DJ who performs at a nightclub or Music festival and turntablist who uses record players, usually turntable, to manipulate sounds on the phonograph record.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ Originally, the \"disc\" in \"disc jockey\" referred to gramophone records, but now \"DJ\" is used as an all-encompassing term to describe someone who mixes recorded music from any source, including vinyl records, cassettes, CDs, or digital audio files stored on USB stick or laptop.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ DJs typically perform for a live audience in a nightclub or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or in the 2010s, an online radio audience.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ DJs also create mixes, remixes and tracks that are recorded for later sale and distribution.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ In hip hop music, DJs may create beats, using percussion breaks, basslines and other musical content sampled from pre-existing records.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ In hip hop, rappers and MCs use these beats to rap over.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ DJs use equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously and mix them together.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ This allows the DJ to create seamless transitions between recordings and develop unique mixes of songs.", "History of radio disc jockeys __knowledge__ The history of radio disc jockeys covers the time when gramophone records were first transmitted by experimental radio broadcasters to present day radio personalities who host shows featuring a variety of recorded music.", "History of radio disc jockeys __knowledge__ For a number of decades beginning in the 1930s, the term \"disc jockey\", \"DJ\", \"deejay\", or \"jock\" was exclusively used to describe on-air personalities who played selections of popular recorded music on radio broadcasting stations.", "History of radio disc jockeys __knowledge__ The term \"disc jockey\" first appeared in print in a 1941 issue of Variety magazine, although the origin of the term is generally attributed to American radio news commentator Walter Winchell who used it to describe radio presenter Martin Block's practice of introducing phonograph recordings to create a \"Make Believe Ballroom\" experience for radio listeners.", "Voice-tracking __knowledge__ Voice-tracking, also called cyber jocking and referred to sometimes colloquially as a robojock, is a technique employed by some radio stations in radio broadcasting to produce the illusion of a live disc jockey or announcer sitting in the radio studios of the station when one is not actually present.", "Voice-tracking __knowledge__ It is one of the notable effects of radio homogenization.", "Voice-tracking __knowledge__ Strictly speaking, voice-tracking refers to the process of a disc jockey prerecording his or her on-air \"patter\".", "Voice-tracking __knowledge__ It is then combined with songs, commercials, and other elements in order to produce a product that sounds like a live air shift.", "Captain Mikey __knowledge__ Marion Elbridge Herrington (July 18, 1935 – November 16, 1997), (also known as Mikel Hunter Herrington), best known as Captain Mikey (and also known by the air names \"Mikel Hunter\", \"Motorcycle Mikel\", \"Lefty\", \"Hot Rocks Hunter\", and \"Oil Can Harry\"), was an American disc jockey; voice-over actor, who was the national voice for Sears; and innovative radio program director, who \"pioneered album-oriented rock formats at San Jose's KOME and Los Angeles' KMET\", and was described as \"one of the very best programmers in Top 40 radio as well as what we called progressive rock on FM.\"", "Captain Mikey __knowledge__ In October 2007 he was inducted into the San Jose Rocks Hall of Fame, and was inducted into the Bay Area Radio Hall of Fame on October 1, 2008.", "History of DJing __knowledge__ DJing is the art of mixing recorded music in real time.", "History of DJing __knowledge__ \"For the history of radio disc jockeys, see Radio disc jockey history\".", "History of DJing __knowledge__ The practice of modern \"real time\" disc jockey mixing was preceded by radio personalities who introduced and played individual selections of recorded music on broadcast radio stations.", "History of DJing __knowledge__ In 1935, American radio commentator Walter Winchell coined the term \"disc jockey\" (the combination of \"disc\", referring to the disc records, and \"jockey\", which is an operator of a machine) as a description of radio announcer Martin Block, the first radio announcer to gain widespread fame for playing popular recorded music over the air.", "Chubbie Chumps __knowledge__ \"Chubbie Chumps\" is an episode of the award-winning British comedy television series \"The Goodies\".", "Chubbie Chumps __knowledge__ This episode is also known as \"Radio 2\" and \"The Beauty Contest\" as well as \"Housewives\" and \"Miss Housewife\".", "Chubbie Chumps __knowledge__ Written by The Goodies, with songs and music by Bill Oddie.", "Chubbie Chumps __knowledge__ Graeme and Bill return from their fishing trip to discover that the office wasn't completely clean and Tim has become obese through eating huge amounts of lard.", "Chubbie Chumps __knowledge__ Tim has also taken to listening to a radio show which, it turns out, is also listened to by a lot of housewives (all of whom have also become obese), and this leads the group (Tim included) to a health club, where they slim down again.", "Ellie Dylan __knowledge__ Ellie Dylan (born Elinor Angel Helman September 8, 1952) is currently the President and Founder of The Skyshapers Foundation (dba Skyshapers University) and the CEO, President and Founder of SKY U, LLC.", "Ellie Dylan __knowledge__ Both Companies are involved with motivating children to excel.", "Ellie Dylan __knowledge__ Dylan began her career in radio as a college disc jockey and rose to become ‘the most listened to female disc jockey in the United States’ on NBC Radio: First, by taking her 7:00pm to midnight time shift on WMAQ Radio from 17th place in the ratings to the number-one rated show in Chicago; Then, as the first female to do an afternoon drive shift on AM Radio in a major market.", "Matt Lucas (singer) __knowledge__ Matt Lucas (born July 19, 1935) is an American Rock & Roll, Soul and Blues singer, drummer, and songwriter.", "Matt Lucas (singer) __knowledge__ He is best known for his crazy rocked-up 1963 version of the Hank Snow country classic \"I'm Movin\" On\".", "Matt Lucas (singer) __knowledge__ He was inducted into The Rockabilly Hall of Fame in 1999, The International Rockabilly Hall of Fame in 2004 and The Southern Legends Entertainment & Performing Arts Hall of Fame in 2005.", "Matt Lucas (singer) __knowledge__ Born on July 19, 1935 in the General Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, he grew up in Poplar Bluff, Missouri.", "Matt Lucas (singer) __knowledge__ At the age of seven he discovered he was adopted when he found his adoption papers and a letter dated September 6, 1935 signed by the Assistant Superintendent Tennessee Children's Home Society Shelby County Branch.", "Symphony Sid __knowledge__ Sid Torin (born Sidney Tarnopol, December 14, 1909 – September 14, 1984), known professionally as \"Symphony Sid\", was a long-time jazz disc jockey in the United States.", "Symphony Sid __knowledge__ Many critics have credited him with introducing bebop to the mass audience.", "Symphony Sid __knowledge__ Sidney Tarnopol was born in New York City into a Jewish family.", "Symphony Sid __knowledge__ According to the 1920 U.S. Census, his parents were Isidore (a printer) and Caroline, both Yiddish-speaking immigrants; his father was from Russia and his mother from Romania.", "Symphony Sid __knowledge__ Sidney was the oldest of three siblings—he had a brother Martin and a sister Mildred.", "Symphony Sid __knowledge__ Born on New York's Lower East Side, Sid grew up in Brooklyn, in a poor neighborhood." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ A disc jockey (DJ) is a person who plays existing recorded music for a live audience.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ Most common types of DJs include radio DJ, club DJ who performs at a nightclub or Music festival and turntablist who uses record players, usually turntable, to manipulate sounds on the phonograph record.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ Originally, the \"disc\" in \"disc jockey\" referred to gramophone records, but now \"DJ\" is used as an all-encompassing term to describe someone who mixes recorded music from any source, including vinyl records, cassettes, CDs, or digital audio files stored on USB stick or laptop.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ DJs typically perform for a live audience in a nightclub or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or in the 2010s, an online radio audience.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ DJs also create mixes, remixes and tracks that are recorded for later sale and distribution.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ In hip hop music, DJs may create beats, using percussion breaks, basslines and other musical content sampled from pre-existing records.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ In hip hop, rappers and MCs use these beats to rap over.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ DJs use equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously and mix them together.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ This allows the DJ to create seamless transitions between recordings and develop unique mixes of songs.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Metamorphosis is the second studio album by American singer Hilary Duff.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ The album was released on August 26, 2003 by Hollywood Records as a follow up to her holiday album, \"Santa Claus Lane\" (2002).", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ According to Duff, the album incorporates elements of pop and rock music, and it represents changes that are specific to her life and that everyone experiences.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Duff worked with several producers on the album such as The Matrix who worked with Latin Pop Singer, Myra, also signed to Hollywood Records prior.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Others who collaborated on the album include Chico Bennett, Matthew Gerrard, John Shanks, and his frequent writing partner Kara DioGuardi.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Blitzen Trapper __knowledge__ Blitzen Trapper is a Portland, Oregon-based experimental country/folk/rock band associated with Sub Pop Records, Vagrant Records and Lojinx.", "Blitzen Trapper __knowledge__ Formed in 2000, the band currently operates as a quintet, with Eric Earley (guitar/harmonica/vocals/keyboard), Erik Menteer (guitar/keyboard), Brian Adrian Koch (drums/vocals/harmonica), Michael Van Pelt (bass), and Marty Marquis (guitar/keyboards/vocals/melodica).", "Blitzen Trapper __knowledge__ Blitzen Trapper self-released its first three albums.", "Blitzen Trapper __knowledge__ \"Wild Mountain Nation\" was No.", "Blitzen Trapper __knowledge__ 98 on \"Rolling Stone\"s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007.", "Blitzen Trapper __knowledge__ Blitzen Trapper released its third album, \"Wild Mountain Nation\", in 2007 to much critical acclaim from critics such as Pitchfork Media, The Nerve, and Spin Magazine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is the film and television scores composed by various composers for the films and television series of that franchise.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Ramin Djawadi provided the first MCU music with his original score for \"Iron Man\" in 2008.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Alan Silvestri was the first composer to work on multiple MCU films after he transitioned from scoring \"\" (2011) to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012), while Brian Tyler was the first composer to reference the work of another MCU composer when he quoted Silvestri's \"Captain America March\" in his score for \"\" (2013).", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Original music has also been composed for the Marvel One-Shots short film series, and other related projects of the MCU, including the fanfares for the two Marvel Studios logos, composed by Tyler and Michael Giacchino, respectively.", "Avril Lavigne (album) __knowledge__ Avril Lavigne is the fifth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne.", "Avril Lavigne (album) __knowledge__ It was released on 1 November 2013 by Sony Music Entertainment.", "Avril Lavigne (album) __knowledge__ The album is a follow-up to her 2011 effort \"Goodbye Lullaby\" and was developed shortly after its release.", "Avril Lavigne (album) __knowledge__ Lavigne collaborated with numerous producers including Martin Johnson, Peter Svensson, David Hodges, Matt Squire and her then-partner Chad Kroeger.", "Avril Lavigne (album) __knowledge__ In both musical and lyrical aspects, the album represents a departure from the acoustic-oriented production of her previous album \"Goodbye Lullaby\", featuring a more pop and upbeat sound juxtaposed with power and piano ballads.", "Stars Dance __knowledge__ Stars Dance is the debut solo studio album by American singer Selena Gomez.", "Stars Dance __knowledge__ It was released on July 19, 2013, by Hollywood Records.", "Stars Dance __knowledge__ Gomez began planning the project in 2012, at which time she announced that her band Selena Gomez & the Scene would be taking an indefinite hiatus, and continued work into 2013.", "Stars Dance __knowledge__ She has cited artists such as Britney Spears and Skrillex as influences on the record, which stylistically features EDM and electropop music.", "Stars Dance __knowledge__ Elements of dubstep, techno, disco and worldbeat have been noted on the album.", "Stars Dance __knowledge__ Gomez worked with producers such as Rock Mafia and The Cataracs on the album.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English, or record) is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ At first, the discs were commonly made from shellac; starting in the 1950s polyvinyl chloride became common.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ In recent decades, records have sometimes been called vinyl records, or simply vinyl, although this would exclude most records made until after World War II.", "Phonograph record __knowledge__ The phonograph disc record was the primary medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ The phonograph is a device, invented in 1877, for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ In its later forms, it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910), or, since the 1940s, a record player.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a \"record\".", "Phonograph __knowledge__ To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound.", "Unusual types of gramophone records __knowledge__ The overwhelming majority of records manufactured have been of certain sizes (7, 10, or 12 inches), playback speeds (33, 45, or 78 RPM), and appearance (round black discs).", "Unusual types of gramophone records __knowledge__ However, since the commercial adoption of the gramophone record (called a phonograph record in the U.S., where both cylinder records and disc records were invented), a wide variety of records have also been produced that do not fall into these categories, and they have served a variety of purposes.", "Unusual types of gramophone records __knowledge__ The most common diameter sizes for gramophone records are 12-inch, 10-inch, and 7-inch.", "Unusual types of gramophone records __knowledge__ Early American shellac records were all 7-inch until 1901, when 10-inch records were introduced.", "History of radio disc jockeys __knowledge__ The history of radio disc jockeys covers the time when gramophone records were first transmitted by experimental radio broadcasters to present day radio personalities who host shows featuring a variety of recorded music.", "History of radio disc jockeys __knowledge__ For a number of decades beginning in the 1930s, the term \"disc jockey\", \"DJ\", \"deejay\", or \"jock\" was exclusively used to describe on-air personalities who played selections of popular recorded music on radio broadcasting stations.", "History of radio disc jockeys __knowledge__ The term \"disc jockey\" first appeared in print in a 1941 issue of Variety magazine, although the origin of the term is generally attributed to American radio news commentator Walter Winchell who used it to describe radio presenter Martin Block's practice of introducing phonograph recordings to create a \"Make Believe Ballroom\" experience for radio listeners.", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco is a musical style originating in the early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ It began to emerge from America's urban nightlife scene, where it had been curtailed to house parties and makeshift discotheques from the middle of the decade onwards, after which, it began making regular mainstream appearances, gaining popularity and increasing airplay on radio.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its popularity was achieved sometime during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers, both male and female, from the African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "History of DJing __knowledge__ DJing is the art of mixing recorded music in real time.", "History of DJing __knowledge__ \"For the history of radio disc jockeys, see Radio disc jockey history\".", "History of DJing __knowledge__ The practice of modern \"real time\" disc jockey mixing was preceded by radio personalities who introduced and played individual selections of recorded music on broadcast radio stations.", "History of DJing __knowledge__ In 1935, American radio commentator Walter Winchell coined the term \"disc jockey\" (the combination of \"disc\", referring to the disc records, and \"jockey\", which is an operator of a machine) as a description of radio announcer Martin Block, the first radio announcer to gain widespread fame for playing popular recorded music over the air." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 5 ]

[ "I have a job as disc jockey at a radio station. Do you listen to the radio?", "No way! I think that DJs have a cool history. The discs they first mixed with were gramophone records. Did you play for a radio or nightclub?", "That is cool. Did you mix music live or create remixes or or play existing songs?" ]

[ "Disc jockey", "Disc jockey", "Disc jockey" ]

[ "Pizza\nHi. I'm a pretty huge pizza fan.", "Right? I always order extra sauce and extra cheese.", "I remember learning in high school that the original pizza was more like foccacia. No tomatoes.", "I think the most disgusting one I've ever heard of is carried by our local grocery: crab rangoon pizza." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of main characters in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" franchise.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are a team of mutant red-eared sliders named after four Renaissance artists and living in the sewers of New York City, where they train by day and fight crime by night as ninjas.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leonardo is the calm and courageous leader of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ He is the most devoted student to Master Splinter and the study of Ninjutsu.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leo wears a blue mask and wields two ninjakens, also known as ninjatō.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raphael is the tough, sarcastic bad boy of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raph wears a red mask and wields a pair of sais.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "The Pizza Man __knowledge__ The Pizza Man (foaled March 25, 2009) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse who has won multiple stakes races including the Arlington Million in 2015 and the Northern Dancer Turf Stakes in 2016, becoming the first Illinois-bred horse to win either of these Grade I races.", "The Pizza Man __knowledge__ In 2015, The Pizza Man was named Illinois-bred Champion Turf Male, Champion Handicap Male, and Illinois Horse of the Year.", "The Pizza Man __knowledge__ He retired in 2017 as the all-time leading money earner among Illinois-breds.", "The Pizza Man __knowledge__ The Pizza Man is a bay gelding who races as a homebred for Midwest Thoroughbreds, the stable of Richard and Karen Papiese of Chicago.", "Trevin Wade __knowledge__ Trevin Wade (born August 1, 1989) is an American football cornerback who is currently a free agent.", "Trevin Wade __knowledge__ He was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the seventh round of the 2012 NFL Draft.", "Trevin Wade __knowledge__ He played college football at Arizona.", "Trevin Wade __knowledge__ Wade was born in Austin, Texas.", "Trevin Wade __knowledge__ In fifth grade he moved to Round Rock, Texas, where he attended Stony Point High School, playing football (including a stint at quarterback as well as other positions on both offense and defense) and basketball.", "Trevin Wade __knowledge__ Baseball player Hubie Brooks is his distant cousin.", "Trevin Wade __knowledge__ Wade attended the University of Arizona from 2007 to 2011.", "Trevin Wade __knowledge__ He finished his career with 182 tackles, 12 interceptions and two touchdowns.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Macaroni and cheese __knowledge__ Macaroni and cheese—also called mac and cheese in American, Canadian, and macaroni pie in Caribbean English; and macaroni cheese in the United Kingdom—is a dish of English origin, consisting of cooked macaroni pasta and a cheese sauce, most commonly cheddar.", "Macaroni and cheese __knowledge__ It can also incorporate other ingredients, such as breadcrumbs, meat and vegetables.", "Macaroni and cheese __knowledge__ Traditional macaroni and cheese is a casserole baked in the oven; however, it may be prepared in a sauce pan on top of the stove or using a packaged mix.", "Macaroni and cheese __knowledge__ The cheese is often first incorporated into a Béchamel sauce to create a Mornay sauce, which is then added to the pasta.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ Mbeju is a starch cake sometimes made with fariña or manioc flour.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ The mbeju is a staple of the Paraguayan diet.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ According to scholars of Paraguayan social history, the popular Paraguayan diet evolved as a result of the Paraguayan War in the nineteenth century.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ In the aftermath of the war, food supplies were hard to find.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ As a result, Paraguayan cooking developed highly nutritious meals to make up for the scarcity of everyday meals.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ The name \"mbejú\" (also written \"mbeyú\") means \"cake\" and comes from the Guarani language.", "Mbeju __knowledge__ Guarani is one of the two official languages of Paraguay, which defines itself as being bilingual and multi-cultural.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and referred to in Italy as Salsa di pomodoro) refers to any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish (rather than as a condiment).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as sauces for pasta dishes.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomatoes have a rich flavor, high liquid content, very soft flesh which breaks down easily, and the right composition to thicken into a sauce when they are cooked (without the need of thickeners such as roux).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ All of these qualities make them ideal for simple and appealing sauces.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of main characters in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" franchise.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are a team of mutant red-eared sliders named after four Renaissance artists and living in the sewers of New York City, where they train by day and fight crime by night as ninjas.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leonardo is the calm and courageous leader of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ He is the most devoted student to Master Splinter and the study of Ninjutsu.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leo wears a blue mask and wields two ninjakens, also known as ninjatō.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raphael is the tough, sarcastic bad boy of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raph wears a red mask and wields a pair of sais.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Who Moved My Cheese? __knowledge__ Who Moved My Cheese?", "Who Moved My Cheese? __knowledge__ An Amazing Way to Deal with Change in Your Work and in Your Life, published on September 8, 1998, is a motivational business fable.", "Who Moved My Cheese? __knowledge__ The text describes change in one's work and life, and four typical reactions to those changes by two mice and two \"little people,\" during their hunt for cheese.", "Who Moved My Cheese? __knowledge__ A \"New York Times\" business bestseller upon release, \"Who Moved My Cheese?\"", "Who Moved My Cheese? __knowledge__ remained on the list for almost five years and spent over 200 weeks on \"Publishers Weekly\"'s hardcover nonfiction list.", "Who Moved My Cheese? __knowledge__ It has sold more than 26 million copies worldwide in 37 languages and remains one of the best-selling business books.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Crab Rangoon __knowledge__ Crab Rangoon, sometimes called crab puffs, crab rangoon puffs, or cheese wontons, are filled crisp dumpling appetizers served in American Chinese and, more recently, Thai restaurants.", "Crab Rangoon __knowledge__ The filling is made with a combination of cream cheese, crab meat or imitation crab meat, scallions or onion, garlic, and other flavorings.", "Crab Rangoon __knowledge__ A small amount of the filling is wrapped in each Chinese wonton wrapper.", "Crab Rangoon __knowledge__ The dumpling is then shaped by folding the wrapper over into a triangle, by creating a four-pointed star, by gathering it up into flower or purse shape, or by twisting it into the traditional wonton shape.", "Crab Rangoon (album) __knowledge__ Crab Rangoon is the third studio album by American ska punk band MU330, released on Asian Man Records in 1997.", "Crab Rangoon (album) __knowledge__ \"Crab Rangoon\" marked a major turning point in MU330's sound, moving away from the manic punk-ska of their early albums and into a more melodic indie rock-influenced direction the band would maintain for their subsequent albums, a style that Asian Man Records marketed as \"Weezer meets The Specials\".", "Crab Rangoon (album) __knowledge__ Following the departure of vocalist Jason Nelson, trumpeter Nick Baur and saxophonist Traygen Bilsland, this was the first MU330 album to feature former Skankin' Pickle trombonist Gerry Lundquist, cementing the five-piece line-up which would become the longest lasting of the band's career.", "Taste of Cincinnati __knowledge__ Taste of Cincinnati is the longest running culinary arts festival in the United States.", "Taste of Cincinnati __knowledge__ Starting in 1979, the festival has been held annually on Memorial Day weekend in Downtown Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Taste of Cincinnati __knowledge__ More than 40 fine restaurants are featured at the festival, and \"Best of Taste\" awards are given out each year.", "Taste of Cincinnati __knowledge__ In addition to food, the festival highlights local musical talent.", "Taste of Cincinnati __knowledge__ The four stages for performances feature country, rock, pop, and jazz music.", "Taste of Cincinnati __knowledge__ Approximately 500,000 people attend Taste of Cincinnati each year, making it one of the nation's largest street festivals.", "Taste of Cincinnati __knowledge__ The idea of Taste of Cincinnati derived from Taste of the Big Apple News, which Karen Maier, then Frisch's vice president of marketing, came across in the Nation's Restaurant News, a publication that covers the American foodservice industry.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Uprising in Serbia (1941) __knowledge__ The Uprising in Serbia was initiated in July 1941 by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia against the German occupation forces and their Serbian quisling auxiliaries in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia.", "Uprising in Serbia (1941) __knowledge__ At first the Yugoslav Partisans had mounted diversions and conducted sabotage and had attacked representatives of Aćimović's quisling administration.", "Uprising in Serbia (1941) __knowledge__ In late August some Chetniks joined the uprising and liberated Loznica.", "Uprising in Serbia (1941) __knowledge__ The uprising soon reached mass proportions.", "Uprising in Serbia (1941) __knowledge__ Partisans and Chetniks captured towns that weak German garrisons had abandoned.", "Uprising in Serbia (1941) __knowledge__ The armed uprising soon engulfed great parts of the occupied territory.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is a service in which a pizzeria or pizza chain delivers a pizza to a customer.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ An order is typically made either by telephone or over the internet to the pizza chain, in which the customer can request pizza type, size and other products alongside the pizza, commonly including soft drinks.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizzas may be delivered in pizza boxes or delivery bags, and deliveries are made with either an automobile, motorized scooter, or bicycle.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Customers can, depending on the pizza chain, choose to pay online, or in person, with cash, credit or a debit card.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ A delivery fee is often charged with what the customer has bought.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Naples __knowledge__ Naples (; , Neapolitan: \"Napule\" or ; ; , meaning \"new city\") is the capital of the Italian region Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan.", "Naples __knowledge__ In 2015, around 975,260 people lived within the city's administrative limits.", "Naples __knowledge__ The Metropolitan City of Naples had a population of 3,115,320.", "Naples __knowledge__ Naples is the 9th-most populous urban area in the European Union with a population of between 3 million and 3.7 million.", "Naples __knowledge__ About 4.4 million people live in the Naples metropolitan area, the second in Italy after Milan and one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea.", "Naples __knowledge__ Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"" ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 8 ]

[ "Pizza is the bomb. I lvoe traditional pies with many toppings. It is an Italian cuisine consisting of yeast bread and has tomato sauce and cheese on it as well.", "It can also be topped with veggies and other meats. I don't like it this way but sometimes it is made without cheese.", "They say modern pizza originated in Naples and that the pizza has become common and popular throughout the world.", "There are many independent and chain restaurants that offer pizza on the menu." ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Alpaca", "Haha, I think that's an easy mistake to make though, so don't worry. Alpacas are usually a lot hairier, aren't they?", "Yeah that's what I thought! Alpaca wool clothing is pretty warm and comfortable. Does it have any other uses besides clothing?", "I guess clothing is basically the gist of it. What other animals help make clothes besides alpacas and sheep?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The alpaca (\"Vicugna pacos\") is a domesticated species of South American camelid.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are similar to llamas, and are often confused with them.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The two animals are closely related, and can successfully cross-breed.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ They are also closely related to the vicuña, which is believed to be the alpaca's wild ancestor, and to the guanaco.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ There are two breeds of alpaca: the and the Huacaya alpaca.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are kept in herds that graze on the level heights of the Andes of southern Peru, western Bolivia, Ecuador, and northern Chile at an altitude of to above sea level, throughout the year.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are considerably smaller than llamas, and unlike llamas, they were not bred to be beasts of burden, but were bred specifically for their fiber.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpaca fiber is used for making knitted and woven items, similar to wool.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ These items include blankets, sweaters, hats, gloves, scarves, a wide variety of textiles and ponchos in South America, and sweaters, socks, coats and bedding in other parts of the world.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The fiber comes in more than 52 natural colors as classified in Peru, 12 as classified in Australia and 16 as classified in the United States.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas have several different components to how they behave." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The alpaca (\"Vicugna pacos\") is a domesticated species of South American camelid.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are similar to llamas, and are often confused with them.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The two animals are closely related, and can successfully cross-breed.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ They are also closely related to the vicuña, which is believed to be the alpaca's wild ancestor, and to the guanaco.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ There are two breeds of alpaca: the and the Huacaya alpaca.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are kept in herds that graze on the level heights of the Andes of southern Peru, western Bolivia, Ecuador, and northern Chile at an altitude of to above sea level, throughout the year.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are considerably smaller than llamas, and unlike llamas, they were not bred to be beasts of burden, but were bred specifically for their fiber.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpaca fiber is used for making knitted and woven items, similar to wool.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ These items include blankets, sweaters, hats, gloves, scarves, a wide variety of textiles and ponchos in South America, and sweaters, socks, coats and bedding in other parts of the world.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The fiber comes in more than 52 natural colors as classified in Peru, 12 as classified in Australia and 16 as classified in the United States.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas have several different components to how they behave.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "World Scholar's Cup __knowledge__ The World Scholar's Cup (abbreviated as WSC) is an international team academic program with students participating from over 50 countries.", "World Scholar's Cup __knowledge__ The competition was founded by DemiDec, in particular by Daniel Berdichevsky, DemiDec's president, in 2006.", "World Scholar's Cup __knowledge__ The World Scholar's Cup has attracted what it calls \"a global community of future scholars and leaders\", and promotes that it allows participants to \"discover strengths and skills you never knew you had.\"", "World Scholar's Cup __knowledge__ It focuses on bringing students from different cultures together to discuss issues and ideas relevant to today.", "World Scholar's Cup __knowledge__ A team for the World Scholar's Cup is usually composed of three students but under special circumstances, may contain two.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "List of Galaxy Angel characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the game, anime and manga involved in BROCCOLI's \"Galaxy Angel\" and its sequel, \"Galaxy Angel II\".", "List of Galaxy Angel characters __knowledge__ Many of the character names are related to food, liquor and desserts.", "List of Galaxy Angel characters __knowledge__ In the sequel Galaxy Angel II many characters from the first trilogy appear.", "List of Galaxy Angel characters __knowledge__ In the anime A 17-year-old, selfless pink-haired girl who has an incredible amount of good luck with extremely bad luck periodically to counter it.", "List of Galaxy Angel characters __knowledge__ The bad luck can cause disastrous outcomes like destroying a whole planet or even an entire galaxy.", "List of Galaxy Angel characters __knowledge__ Strangely enough, this could be minimized if Milfeulle is happy at those days.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Alpaca fleece is the natural fiber harvested from an alpaca.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ It is light or heavy in weight, depending on how it is spun.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ It is a soft, durable, luxurious and silky natural fiber.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ While similar to sheep’s wool, it is warmer, not prickly, and has no lanolin, which makes it hypoallergenic.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Alpaca fiber is naturally water-repellent and difficult to ignite.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Huacaya, an alpaca that grows soft spongy fiber, has natural crimp, thus making a naturally elastic yarn well-suited for knitting.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Suri has no crimp and thus is a better fit for woven goods.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ The designer Armani has used Suri alpaca to fashion men's and women's suits.", "Andy Tillman __knowledge__ Andrew Charles (\"Andy\") Tillman (born 1952) is one of the founders of the llama industry in the United States.", "Andy Tillman __knowledge__ He is an expert on llama and alpaca health, selective breeding, and marketing.", "Andy Tillman __knowledge__ Tillman is the co-founder of the International Llama Association, and he wrote the halter-class guidelines for the American Llama Show Association.", "Andy Tillman __knowledge__ His book, \"Speechless Brothers\", was the first comprehensive study of llama husbandry published in the United States.", "Andy Tillman __knowledge__ Tillman was born in 1952 and grew up on a ranch in Athena, Oregon.", "Andy Tillman __knowledge__ Tillman attended Willamette University, and then the University of Oregon where he majored in literature and philosophy, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1974.", "Llama __knowledge__ The llama (; ) (\"Lama glama\") is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era.", "Llama __knowledge__ The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is tall at the top of the head, and can weigh between .", "Llama __knowledge__ At birth, a baby llama (called a \"cria\") can weigh between .", "Llama __knowledge__ Llamas typically live for 15 to 25 years, with some individuals surviving 30 years or more.", "Llama __knowledge__ They are very social animals and live with other llamas as a herd.", "Llama __knowledge__ The wool produced by a llama is very soft and lanolin-free.", "Llama __knowledge__ Llamas are intelligent and can learn simple tasks after a few repetitions.", "Incan agriculture __knowledge__ Incan Agriculture was the culmination of thousands of years of farming and herding in the high-elevation Andes mountains of South America, the coastal deserts, and the rainforests of the Amazon basin.", "Incan agriculture __knowledge__ These three radically different environments were all part of the Inca Empire (1438-1533 CE) and required different technologies for agriculture.", "Incan agriculture __knowledge__ Inca agriculture was also characterized by the variety of crops grown, the lack of a market system and money, and the unique mechanisms by which the Incas organized their society.", "Incan agriculture __knowledge__ Andean civilization was \"pristine\" -- one of five civilizations worldwide which were indigenous and not derivative from other civilizations.", "Accoyo Alpacas __knowledge__ Accoyo Alpacas originate from Estancia Accoyo, an alpaca ranch in Peru run by Don Julio Barreda, either as direct imports or direct descendants of imports.", "Accoyo Alpacas __knowledge__ Over a period of four decades of careful breeding selection, these alpacas have become recognized for having some of the best white fleece in the world.", "Accoyo Alpacas __knowledge__ Apart from carefully handpicking particularly his studs, natural selection has certainly added to the overall quality of his alpacas.", "Accoyo Alpacas __knowledge__ Not only do these particular alpacas constantly live with the harsh climate that can be found at 15,000 feet above sea level, they also are only fed what actually grows in the area." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The alpaca (\"Vicugna pacos\") is a domesticated species of South American camelid.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are similar to llamas, and are often confused with them.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The two animals are closely related, and can successfully cross-breed.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ They are also closely related to the vicuña, which is believed to be the alpaca's wild ancestor, and to the guanaco.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ There are two breeds of alpaca: the and the Huacaya alpaca.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are kept in herds that graze on the level heights of the Andes of southern Peru, western Bolivia, Ecuador, and northern Chile at an altitude of to above sea level, throughout the year.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are considerably smaller than llamas, and unlike llamas, they were not bred to be beasts of burden, but were bred specifically for their fiber.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpaca fiber is used for making knitted and woven items, similar to wool.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ These items include blankets, sweaters, hats, gloves, scarves, a wide variety of textiles and ponchos in South America, and sweaters, socks, coats and bedding in other parts of the world.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The fiber comes in more than 52 natural colors as classified in Peru, 12 as classified in Australia and 16 as classified in the United States.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas have several different components to how they behave.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Alpaca fleece is the natural fiber harvested from an alpaca.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ It is light or heavy in weight, depending on how it is spun.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ It is a soft, durable, luxurious and silky natural fiber.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ While similar to sheep’s wool, it is warmer, not prickly, and has no lanolin, which makes it hypoallergenic.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Alpaca fiber is naturally water-repellent and difficult to ignite.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Huacaya, an alpaca that grows soft spongy fiber, has natural crimp, thus making a naturally elastic yarn well-suited for knitting.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Suri has no crimp and thus is a better fit for woven goods.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ The designer Armani has used Suri alpaca to fashion men's and women's suits.", "Textile __knowledge__ A Textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread).", "Textile __knowledge__ Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, hemp, or other materials to produce long strands.", "Textile __knowledge__ Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or felting.", "Textile __knowledge__ The related words fabric and cloth are often used in textile assembly trades (such as tailoring and dressmaking) as synonyms for \"textile\".", "Textile __knowledge__ However, there are subtle differences in these terms in specialized usage.", "Textile __knowledge__ A \"textile\" is any material made of interlacing fibres, including carpeting and geotextiles.", "Strategies for International Development __knowledge__ Strategies for International Development (SID) is a U.S. 501(c)(3) nonprofit that develops, promotes, and applies methods for eradicating rural poverty in Bolivia, Guatemala, and Peru.", "Strategies for International Development __knowledge__ SID helps farmers meet and negotiate with buyers, assess their alternatives for increasing income, and use business plans to make better decisions.", "Strategies for International Development __knowledge__ They then help farmers adopt the farming practices that increase their productivity, product quality, value-added processing, and income in accordance with the opportunities of their market.", "Strategies for International Development __knowledge__ SID has developed seven innovations which it utilizes for its operations.", "Strategies for International Development __knowledge__ The innovations are considered to be important strategies to graduate poor farmers from poverty.", "Merino __knowledge__ The Merino is an economically influential breed of sheep prized for its wool.", "Merino __knowledge__ The breed originated in Southwestern Iberia (Extremadura, Spain), but the modern Merino was domesticated in New Zealand and Australia.", "Merino __knowledge__ Today, Merinos are still regarded as having some of the finest and softest wool of any sheep.", "Merino __knowledge__ Poll Merinos have no horns (or very small stubs, known as scurs), and horned Merino rams have long, spiral horns which grow close to the head.", "Merino __knowledge__ Two suggested origins for the Spanish word \"merino\" are: The Merino is an excellent forager and very adaptable.", "Merino __knowledge__ It is bred predominantly for its wool, and its carcass size is generally smaller than that of sheep bred for meat.", "Octavio Pizarro __knowledge__ Octavio Pizarro is a Franco-Chilean creator born in Santiago, Chili.", "Octavio Pizarro __knowledge__ He studied visual arts at the Museum of fine Arts, design at the school of fine arts of Santiago and at the Ecole de la Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne.", "Octavio Pizarro __knowledge__ After being the artistic director of Jacques Fath, he became designer for Guy Laroche.", "Octavio Pizarro __knowledge__ In 2006, he launched his own collection of textile accessories.", "Octavio Pizarro __knowledge__ His eponymous collection of ready-to-wear was created in 2011.", "Octavio Pizarro __knowledge__ When he was still a child, Octavio Pizarro realized he had a passion for drawing, painting and fashion.", "Octavio Pizarro __knowledge__ After having graduated in Visual Arts at the Museum of Fine Arts and in Fashion Design and Manufacturing at the Fine Arts School f Santiago, he settled in Paris in order to accomplish his dreams.", "Car coat __knowledge__ A car coat is an outer garment originally made to be worn by automobile drivers and passengers.", "Car coat __knowledge__ First designed to provide maximum warmth and coverage, over time it became a much shorter garment.", "Car coat __knowledge__ Today it describes a coat that typically ends at mid thigh.", "Car coat __knowledge__ It is worn by both men and women.", "Car coat __knowledge__ While fur, leather and heavy wool were preferred in the early days, today the coat may be made in a wide variety of materials.", "Car coat __knowledge__ In the period after World War II, it took on design elements of the jeep coat worn by servicemen and this is when the shorter length became common.", "Car coat __knowledge__ As car ownership grew so did the popularity of the coat; by the 1960s it was described as \"ubiquitous\".", "Llama __knowledge__ The llama (; ) (\"Lama glama\") is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era.", "Llama __knowledge__ The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is tall at the top of the head, and can weigh between .", "Llama __knowledge__ At birth, a baby llama (called a \"cria\") can weigh between .", "Llama __knowledge__ Llamas typically live for 15 to 25 years, with some individuals surviving 30 years or more.", "Llama __knowledge__ They are very social animals and live with other llamas as a herd.", "Llama __knowledge__ The wool produced by a llama is very soft and lanolin-free.", "Llama __knowledge__ Llamas are intelligent and can learn simple tasks after a few repetitions.", "Shaun the Sheep: The Farmer's Llamas __knowledge__ Shaun the Sheep: The Farmer's Llamas is a British stop motion animated television special based on the television program \"Shaun the Sheep\" by Nick Park.", "Shaun the Sheep: The Farmer's Llamas __knowledge__ Produced by Paul Kewley and John Woolley and directed by Jay Grace, the program made its debut on Amazon Video in the United States on 13 November 2015 and on BBC One in the United Kingdom on 26 December 2015, Boxing Day.", "Shaun the Sheep: The Farmer's Llamas __knowledge__ The special follows Shaun the Sheep (Justin Fletcher) as he gets the Farmer (John Sparkes) to bring home three Llamas from the County Fair.", "Shaun the Sheep: The Farmer's Llamas __knowledge__ When the Farmer and Bitzer bring a cake to a contest at a festival, Shaun tries to steal it but ends up hiding in the Farmer's jacket.", "María Eugenia Llamas __knowledge__ María Eugenia Llamas Andresco (19 February 1944 – 31 August 2014) was a Mexican actress best known for her roles as \"La Tucita\" in the Golden Age of Mexican cinema in the late 1940s and in the 1950s.", "María Eugenia Llamas __knowledge__ She began appearing in these films in 1948 at the age of four.", "María Eugenia Llamas __knowledge__ She was the winner of the Mexican equivalent of the Oscar, the Premio Ariel.", "María Eugenia Llamas __knowledge__ While she appeared in many movies after her childhood, she is less known for them.", "María Eugenia Llamas __knowledge__ However, she remained popular for her radio and television appearances, for her on-stage story telling talent, and as a live theater actress, and was the 2007 recipient of the Diploma Medalla al Mérito (Medal of Merit) award from the Spanish American Itinerate Academy of Itinerate Oral Narration.", "The High Llamas __knowledge__ The High Llamas are an Anglo-Irish avant-pop band formed in 1992.", "The High Llamas __knowledge__ The group was founded by singer-songwriter Sean O'Hagan, formerly one-half of Microdisney, with drummer Rob Allum, keyboardist Marcus Holdaway, vocalist Anita Visser and ex-Microdisney bassist Jon Fell.", "The High Llamas __knowledge__ The core group is augmented by vibist Dominic Murcott (since 1998) and guitarist Pete Aves (since 2002), both for live performances and on record.", "The High Llamas __knowledge__ Visser left shortly after their debut album, while guitarist John Bennett was with the band from 1994 to 2000.", "The High Llamas __knowledge__ O'Hagan formed the High Llamas after the disbandment of his group Microdisney.", "Optical fiber __knowledge__ An optical fiber or optical fibre is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.", "Optical fiber __knowledge__ Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiber-optic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than wire cables.", "Optical fiber __knowledge__ Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss; in addition, fibers are immune to electromagnetic interference, a problem from which metal wires suffer excessively." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The alpaca (\"Vicugna pacos\") is a domesticated species of South American camelid.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are similar to llamas, and are often confused with them.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The two animals are closely related, and can successfully cross-breed.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ They are also closely related to the vicuña, which is believed to be the alpaca's wild ancestor, and to the guanaco.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ There are two breeds of alpaca: the and the Huacaya alpaca.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are kept in herds that graze on the level heights of the Andes of southern Peru, western Bolivia, Ecuador, and northern Chile at an altitude of to above sea level, throughout the year.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas are considerably smaller than llamas, and unlike llamas, they were not bred to be beasts of burden, but were bred specifically for their fiber.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpaca fiber is used for making knitted and woven items, similar to wool.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ These items include blankets, sweaters, hats, gloves, scarves, a wide variety of textiles and ponchos in South America, and sweaters, socks, coats and bedding in other parts of the world.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ The fiber comes in more than 52 natural colors as classified in Peru, 12 as classified in Australia and 16 as classified in the United States.", "Alpaca __knowledge__ Alpacas have several different components to how they behave.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Alpaca fleece is the natural fiber harvested from an alpaca.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ It is light or heavy in weight, depending on how it is spun.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ It is a soft, durable, luxurious and silky natural fiber.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ While similar to sheep’s wool, it is warmer, not prickly, and has no lanolin, which makes it hypoallergenic.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Alpaca fiber is naturally water-repellent and difficult to ignite.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Huacaya, an alpaca that grows soft spongy fiber, has natural crimp, thus making a naturally elastic yarn well-suited for knitting.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ Suri has no crimp and thus is a better fit for woven goods.", "Alpaca fiber __knowledge__ The designer Armani has used Suri alpaca to fashion men's and women's suits.", "Nathaniel Gist __knowledge__ Nathaniel Gist (15 October 1733 – 1812) was born in Maryland and fought during the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War.", "Nathaniel Gist __knowledge__ He was reputed to be the father of Sequoyah the famous Cherokee by Wurteh Watts.", "Nathaniel Gist __knowledge__ Like his father Christopher Gist (1706–1759), he served in Braddock's Expedition in 1755 and the Forbes Expedition in 1758.", "Nathaniel Gist __knowledge__ The outbreak of the American Revolution found him on the frontier.", "Nathaniel Gist __knowledge__ At first suspected of sympathizing with the British, he convinced the Americans of his loyalty.", "Nathaniel Gist __knowledge__ George Washington, a close friend of his father, authorized him to form Gist's Additional Continental Regiment in January 1777.", "Siege of Kotte (1557–58) __knowledge__ The Siege of Kotte from November 1557 – November 1558 was a battle part of the Sinhalese–Portuguese War.", "Siege of Kotte (1557–58) __knowledge__ A 50,000 strong Sitawaka army led by King Mayadunne besieged Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, the capital of Kotte Kingdom for 12 months against a combined force of Portuguese and lascarins led by Captain-major Dom Afonso Pereira de Lacerda.", "Siege of Kotte (1557–58) __knowledge__ After receiving reinforcements from Mannar, Portuguese made a sally and succeeded in forcing the besiegers to withdraw.", "Siege of Kotte (1557–58) __knowledge__ This siege marked the beginning of a series of battles between Portuguese and Sitawaka forces, and ultimately ended as Portuguese abandoned Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte in 1565.", "Fuzzy-trace theory __knowledge__ Fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) is a theory of cognition originally proposed by Charles Brainerd and Valerie F. Reyna that draws upon dual-trace conceptions to predict and explain cognitive phenomena, particularly in the memory and reasoning domains.", "Fuzzy-trace theory __knowledge__ The theory has been used in areas such as cognitive psychology, human development, and social psychology to explain, for instance, false memory and its development, probability judgments, medical decision making, risk perception and estimation, and biases and fallacies in decision making.", "Fuzzy-trace theory __knowledge__ FTT was initially proposed in the 1990s as an attempt to unify findings from the memory and reasoning domains that could not be predicted or explained by earlier approaches to cognition and its development (e.g., constructivism and information processing).", "Global Innovation through Science and Technology initiative __knowledge__ The Global Innovation through Science and Technology initiative – GIST – is the flagship U.S. government program on innovation and entrepreneurship.", "Global Innovation through Science and Technology initiative __knowledge__ GIST empowers young innovators to develop startup solutions that address economic and development challenges.", "Global Innovation through Science and Technology initiative __knowledge__ GIST participants in 135 emerging economies can develop skills, build networks, find mentors, and access financing through a combination of in-country training, a pitch competition, interactive online programming, and direct connections to U.S. experts.", "Global Innovation through Science and Technology initiative __knowledge__ GIST helps create conditions for successful local entrepreneurship ecosystems and enables global youth to develop local solutions to local problems.", "Llama __knowledge__ The llama (; ) (\"Lama glama\") is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era.", "Llama __knowledge__ The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is tall at the top of the head, and can weigh between .", "Llama __knowledge__ At birth, a baby llama (called a \"cria\") can weigh between .", "Llama __knowledge__ Llamas typically live for 15 to 25 years, with some individuals surviving 30 years or more.", "Llama __knowledge__ They are very social animals and live with other llamas as a herd.", "Llama __knowledge__ The wool produced by a llama is very soft and lanolin-free.", "Llama __knowledge__ Llamas are intelligent and can learn simple tasks after a few repetitions.", "Oriental rug __knowledge__ An oriental rug is a heavy textile, made for a wide variety of utilitarian and symbolic purpose, produced in “Oriental countries” for home use, local sale, and export.", "Oriental rug __knowledge__ Oriental carpets can be pile woven or flat woven without pile, using various materials such as silk, wool, and cotton.", "Oriental rug __knowledge__ Examples range in size from pillow to large, room-sized carpets, and include carrier bags, floor coverings, decorations for animals, Islamic prayer rugs (\"sajjadah\"), Jewish Torah ark covers (\"parochet\"), and Christian altar covers.", "Oriental rug __knowledge__ Since the High Middle Ages, oriental rugs have been an integral part of their cultures of origin, as well as of the European and, later on, the North American culture.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric for use in many types of garments.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of intermeshing of loops.", "Knitting __knowledge__ As each row progresses, a newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row, placed on the gaining needle, and the loops from the prior row are then pulled off the other needle.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Different types of yarns (fibre type, texture, and twist), needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties (color, texture, weight, heat retention, look, water resistance, and/or integrity).", "Textiles of Mexico __knowledge__ The Textiles of Mexico have a long history.", "Textiles of Mexico __knowledge__ The making of fibers, cloth and other textile goods has existed in the country since at least 1400 BCE.", "Textiles of Mexico __knowledge__ Fibers used during the pre-Hispanic period included those from the yucca, palm and maguey plants as well as the use of cotton in the hot lowlands of the south.", "Textiles of Mexico __knowledge__ After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Spanish introduced new fibers such as silk and wool as well as the European foot treadle loom.", "Textiles of Mexico __knowledge__ Clothing styles also changed radically.", "Textiles of Mexico __knowledge__ Fabric was produced exclusively in workshops or in the home until the era of Porfirio Díaz (1880s to 1910), when the mechanization of weaving was introduced, mostly by the French.", "Vera Borea __knowledge__ Vera Borea is a French fashion house founded in 1931 in Paris, France by Countess Borea de Buzzaccarini Regoli.", "Vera Borea __knowledge__ Vera Borea was one of the very first houses to offer luxury sportswear for women.", "Vera Borea __knowledge__ The house produced high-end garments for ski, tennis, golf, beach, boating, motoring, biking and hunting, along day and evening dresses, accessories, shoes and jewellery.", "Vera Borea __knowledge__ Known for expertly tailored sports and travel suits and dresses, Vera Borea came to fame with its innovative designs that promoted a new lifestyle, and acceptance of fashion sportswear as appropriate wear for other social occasions.", "Vera Borea __knowledge__ Countess de Regoli, a passionate sportswoman born and raised in Italian Dolomites, was frustrated by a lack of clothing that was chic yet comfortable and began to design sportswear, négligées and swimming suits featuring special knitting stitch invented by her grand mother With assistance of her friend, the British-born Princess de Rohan, the Countess located her haute-couture salon at 29 rue d’Artois, at the very end of Faubourg Saint-Honoré.", "Persian carpet __knowledge__ A Persian carpet or Persian rug (Persian: قالی ايرانى \"qālī-ye īranī\"), also known as Iranian carpet ( \"farsh\", meaning \"to spread\"), is a heavy textile, made for a wide variety of utilitarian and symbolic purpose, produced in Iran (historically known as Persia), for home use, local sale, and export.", "Persian carpet __knowledge__ Carpet weaving is an essential part of Persian culture and Iranian art.", "Persian carpet __knowledge__ Within the group of Oriental rugs produced by the countries of the so-called \"rug belt\", the Persian carpet stands out by the variety and elaborateness of its manifold designs.", "Persian carpet __knowledge__ Persian carpets and rugs of various types were woven in parallel by nomadic tribes, in village and town workshops, and by royal court manufactories alike.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Hand knitting is a form of knitting, in which the knitted fabric is produced by hand using needles.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Flat knitting uses two straight needles to make generally two-dimensional (flat) pieces.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Flat knitting is usually used to knit flat pieces like scarves, blankets, afghans, and the backs, fronts and arms of sweaters (pullovers).", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ In flat knitting, generally stockinette stitch, the hand-knitter knits from right-to-left on one side of the fabric, turns the work (over), and then purls right-to-left back to the starting position.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Usually the smooth side of the fabric is considered the \"right side\", the one facing outwards for viewing; and the side that faces inwards, towards the body, the ridged side, is known as the \"wrong side\"." ] ]

[ 2, 7, 8, 9 ]

[ "I always mix up Alpacas and confuse them with llams", "They are smaller than llamas and were bred just for their fiber", "People use it for making knitted and woven items like wool", "Yes they pretty much only make clothes and blankets like sweaters, hats, gloves and scarves. Sheep and lamb fur is also used for clothing" ]

[ "Alpaca", "Alpaca", "Alpaca", "Alpaca" ]

[ "Blue", "Blue is a beautiful color", "I would say that I prefer blue as opposed to red", "yes, although yellow is meant to bring happiness. It is probably my least favorite as well." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Dahlia __knowledge__ Dahlia ( or ) is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico.", "Dahlia __knowledge__ A member of the Asteraceae (or Compositae), dicotyledonous plants, related species include the sunflower, daisy, chrysanthemum, and zinnia.", "Dahlia __knowledge__ There are 42 species of dahlia, with hybrids commonly grown as garden plants.", "Dahlia __knowledge__ Flower forms are variable, with one head per stem; these can be as small as diameter or up to (\"dinner plate\").", "Dahlia __knowledge__ This great variety results from dahlias being octoploids—that is, they have eight sets of homologous chromosomes, whereas most plants have only two.", "Dahlia __knowledge__ In addition, dahlias also contain many transposons—genetic pieces that move from place to place upon an allele—which contributes to their manifesting such great diversity.", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ Flowerhorn cichlids are ornamental aquarium fish noted for their vivid colors and the distinctively shaped heads for which they are named.", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ Their head protuberance, or \"kok\", is formally termed a \"nuchal hump.\"", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ Like blood parrot cichlids, they are man-made hybrids that exist in the wild only because of their release.", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ First developed in Malaysia, Thailand, and Taiwan, they became very popular with Asian fish hobbyists.", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ They are also kept by hobbyists in the US and Europe, but their importation is banned in Australia.", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ Some cichlid hobbyists have questioned the impact of flowerhorn breeding programs and their impact on the health and reproduction of the animals, and on natural fish species.", "Coelomys __knowledge__ Coelomys is a subgenus of the rodent genus \"Mus\", the mice.", "Coelomys __knowledge__ This subgenus is native to Southeast Asia.", "Coelomys __knowledge__ Species:", "List of Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger characters __knowledge__ , known in the American adaptations as \"Power Rangers Dino Charge\" and \"\", is the 2013-2014 Super Sentai Series, written by Riku Sanjo, featuring the fight between the Kyoryugers and the Deboth Army who seek to annihilate all life on Earth.", "List of Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger characters __knowledge__ The , short for the , are humans partnered with Zyudenryu to defend Earth from the Deboth Army.", "List of Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger characters __knowledge__ Having witnessed a race of prehistoric people that lived alongside the dinosaurs, Torin created the Kyoryugers with one fundamental in mind: Music as means to guide the Zyudenryu alongside humans able to move to the rhythm.", "List of Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger characters __knowledge__ The current generation of Kyoryugers are a team of five individuals who use the gun-like to transform with access to their weapons known as .", "Anthotype __knowledge__ An anthotype is an image created using photosensitive material from plants.", "Anthotype __knowledge__ This process was originally invented by Sir John Herschel in 1842.", "Anthotype __knowledge__ An emulsion is made from crushed flower petals or any other light-sensitive plant, fruit or vegetable.", "Anthotype __knowledge__ A coated sheet of paper is then dried.", "Anthotype __knowledge__ Place some material, for example leaves or a transparent photo positive on the paper and expose to direct full sunlight until the image is bleached out by the sun rays.", "Anthotype __knowledge__ The color remains or fades in the shadowed parts.", "Anthotype __knowledge__ The paper remains sensitive against such rays.", "Anthotype __knowledge__ The photo-sensitive properties of plants and vegetables have been known to scholars for centuries.", "Synesthesia in literature __knowledge__ Synesthesia is a neurological condition in which one or more sensory modalities become linked.", "Synesthesia in literature __knowledge__ However, for over a century, the term synesthesia has also been used to refer to artistic and poetic devices which attempt to express a linkage between the senses.", "Synesthesia in literature __knowledge__ To better understand the influence of synesthesia in popular culture and the way it is viewed by non-synesthetes, it is informative to examine books in which one of the main characters is portrayed as experiencing synesthesia.", "Synesthesia in literature __knowledge__ In addition to these fictional portrayals, the way in which synesthesia is presented in non-fiction books to non-specialist audiences is instructive.", "The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) __knowledge__ The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romance film based on the novel of the same name.", "The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) __knowledge__ It was directed by Henry Hathaway.", "The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) __knowledge__ It was the second full-length feature film to be shot in three-strip Technicolor and the first in color to be shot outdoors, with the approval of the Technicolor Corporation.", "The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) __knowledge__ Much of it was shot at Big Bear Lake in southern California.", "The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) __knowledge__ \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" was the fifth feature film adaptation of John Fox, Jr.'s 1908 novel, including 1916 and 1923 silent versions.", "The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) __knowledge__ A feud between Kentucky clans the Tollivers and Falins has been ongoing for as long as anyone can recall.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ RGB is a \"device-dependent\" color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual R, G, and B levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ A large selection of these various colors is shown below.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Green is common in nature, especially in plants.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ The Chicago White Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ The White Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ Home games are held at Guaranteed Rate Field, located on the city's South Side, and the team is owned by Jerry Reinsdorf.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ They are one of two major league clubs in Chicago; the other is the Chicago Cubs, who are a member of the National League (NL) Central division.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ One of the American League's eight charter franchises, the franchise was established as a major league baseball club in .", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ The club was originally called the Chicago White Stockings, but this was soon shortened to Chicago White Sox.", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate __knowledge__ The concept of linguistic relativity concerns the relationship between language and thought, specifically whether language influences thought, and, if so, how.", "Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate __knowledge__ This question has led to research in multiple disciplines—especially anthropology, cognitive science, linguistics, and philosophy.", "Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate __knowledge__ Among the most popular and controversial theories in this area of scholarly work is the theory of linguistic relativity (also known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis).", "Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate __knowledge__ An often-cited \"strong version\" of the claim, first given by Lenneberg in 1953, proposes that language structure determines how we perceive the world.", "Tertiary color __knowledge__ A \"tertiary color\" is a color made by mixing full saturation of one primary color with half saturation of another primary color and none of a third primary color, in a given color space such as RGB, CMYK (more modern) or RYB (traditional).", "Tertiary color __knowledge__ Tertiary colors have general names, one set of names for the RGB color wheel and a different set for the RYB color wheel.", "Tertiary color __knowledge__ These names are shown below.", "Tertiary color __knowledge__ Another definition of tertiary color is provided by color theorists such as Moses Harrisand Josef Albers, who suggest that tertiary colors are created by intermixing pairs of secondary colors: orange-green, green-purple, purple-orange; or by intermixing complementary colors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Voting __knowledge__ Voting is a method for a group, such as, a meeting or an electorate to make a decision or express an opinion, usually following discussions, debates or election campaigns.", "Voting __knowledge__ Democracies elect holders of high office by voting.", "Voting __knowledge__ Residents of a place represented by an elected official are called \"constituents\", and those constituents who cast a ballot for their chosen candidate are called \"voters\".", "Voting __knowledge__ There are different systems for collecting votes.", "Voting __knowledge__ In a democracy, a government is chosen by voting in an election: a way for an electorate to elect, i.e.", "Voting __knowledge__ choose, among several candidates for rule.", "Voting __knowledge__ In a representative democracy \"voting\" is the method by which the electorate appoints its representatives in its government.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Mark Rothko __knowledge__ Mark Rothko (), born Markus Yakovlevich Rothkowitz (, ; September 25, 1903 – February 25, 1970), was an American painter of Russian Jewish descent.", "Mark Rothko __knowledge__ Although Rothko himself refused to adhere to any art movement, he is generally identified as an abstract expressionist.", "Mark Rothko __knowledge__ Mark Rothko was born in Dvinsk, Vitebsk Governorate, in the Russian Empire (today Daugavpils in Latvia).", "Mark Rothko __knowledge__ His father, Jacob (Yakov) Rothkowitz, was a pharmacist and an intellectual who initially provided his children with a secular and political, rather than religious, upbringing.", "Mark Rothko __knowledge__ According to Rothko, his pro-Marxist father was \"violently anti-religious\".", "Blue Horse (Lakota leader) __knowledge__ Blue Horse (Oglala Lakota: (Šúŋkawakȟáŋ Tȟó in Standard Lakota Orthography) (1822July 16, 1908) was a leader of the Wágluȟe Band of Oglala Lakota, warrior, statesman and educator.", "Blue Horse (Lakota leader) __knowledge__ Blue Horse is notable in American history as one of the first Oglala Lakota United States Army Indian Scouts and signatory of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868.", "Blue Horse (Lakota leader) __knowledge__ Blue Horse was known for a willingness to rescue white men in distress and the iconic one-eyed chief was popular subject for portraitists.", "Blue Horse (Lakota leader) __knowledge__ Blue Horse's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota through the 19th and early 20th centuries.", "Blue Horse (Lakota leader) __knowledge__ Blue Horse and his adopted brother Red Cloud fought for over 50 years to deflect the worst effects of white rule; feed, clothe and educate their people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage.", "Enoch Powell __knowledge__ John Enoch Powell, MBE (16 June 1912 – ) was a British politician, classical scholar, philologist, and poet.", "Enoch Powell __knowledge__ He served as a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP, 1950–74), Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) MP (1974–87), and Minister of Health (1960–63).", "Enoch Powell __knowledge__ Before entering politics, Powell was a classical scholar, becoming a full professor of ancient Greek at the age of 25 in Australia.", "Enoch Powell __knowledge__ During the Second World War, he served in both staff and intelligence positions, reaching the rank of brigadier in his early thirties.", "Enoch Powell __knowledge__ He also wrote poetry; his first works being published in 1937, as well as many books on classical and political subjects.", "Physical attractiveness __knowledge__ Physical attractiveness is the degree to which a person's physical features are considered aesthetically pleasing or beautiful.", "Physical attractiveness __knowledge__ The term often implies sexual attractiveness or desirability, but can also be distinct from either.", "Physical attractiveness __knowledge__ There are many factors which influence one person's attraction to another, with physical aspects being one of them.", "Physical attractiveness __knowledge__ Physical attraction itself includes universal perceptions common to all human cultures, as well as aspects that are culturally and socially dependent, along with individual subjective preferences.", "Physical attractiveness __knowledge__ In many cases, humans subconsciously attribute positive characteristics, such as intelligence and honesty, to physically attractive people.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly invisible.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Objects in the defined location are still present, but incident waves are guided around them without being affected by the object itself.", "Grow light __knowledge__ A grow light or plant light is an artificial light source, generally an electric light, designed to stimulate plant growth by emitting a light appropriate for photosynthesis.", "Grow light __knowledge__ Grow lights are used in applications where there is either no naturally occurring light, or where supplemental light is required.", "Grow light __knowledge__ For example, in the winter months when the available hours of daylight may be insufficient for the desired plant growth, lights are used to extend the time the plants receive light.", "Grow light __knowledge__ If plants do not receive enough light, they will grow long and spindly.", "Grow light __knowledge__ Grow lights either attempt to provide a light spectrum similar to that of the sun, or to provide a spectrum that is more tailored to the needs of the plants being cultivated.", "Light __knowledge__ Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.", "Light __knowledge__ The word usually refers to visible light, which is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight.", "Light __knowledge__ Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), or 4.00 × 10 to 7.00 × 10 m, between the infrared (with longer wavelengths) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths).", "Light __knowledge__ This wavelength means a frequency range of roughly 430–750 terahertz (THz).", "Light __knowledge__ The main source of light on Earth is the Sun.", "Light __knowledge__ Sunlight provides the energy that green plants use to create sugars mostly in the form of starches, which release energy into the living things that digest them.", "Infrared __knowledge__ Infrared radiation is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, and is therefore invisible to the human eye.", "Infrared __knowledge__ It is sometimes called infrared light.", "Infrared __knowledge__ It extends from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers (frequency 430 THz), to 1 millimeter (300 GHz) (although specially pulsed lasers can allow humans to detect IR radiation up to 1050 nm.).", "Infrared __knowledge__ Most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared.", "Infrared __knowledge__ Like all EMR, IR carries radiant energy, and behaves both like a wave and like its quantum particle, the photon.", "Fluorescence __knowledge__ Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.", "Fluorescence __knowledge__ It is a form of luminescence.", "Fluorescence __knowledge__ In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than the absorbed radiation.", "Fluorescence __knowledge__ The most striking example of fluorescence occurs when the absorbed radiation is in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and thus invisible to the human eye, while the emitted light is in the visible region, which gives the fluorescent substance a distinct color that can only be seen when exposed to UV light.", "Fluorescence __knowledge__ Fluorescent materials cease to glow immediately when the radiation source stops, unlike phosphorescence, where they continue to emit light for some time after.", "Infrared photography __knowledge__ In infrared photography, the film or image sensor used is sensitive to infrared light.", "Infrared photography __knowledge__ The part of the spectrum used is referred to as near-infrared to distinguish it from far-infrared, which is the domain of thermal imaging.", "Infrared photography __knowledge__ Wavelengths used for photography range from about 700 nm to about 900 nm.", "Infrared photography __knowledge__ Film is usually sensitive to visible light too, so an infrared-passing filter is used; this lets infrared (IR) light pass through to the camera, but blocks all or most of the visible light spectrum (the filter thus looks black or deep red).", "Infrared photography __knowledge__ (\"Infrared filter\" may refer either to this type of filter or to one that blocks infrared but passes other wavelengths.)", "Li-Fi __knowledge__ Li-Fi (; short for \"light fidelity\") is a technology for wireless communication between devices using light to transmit data.", "Li-Fi __knowledge__ In its present state only LED lamps can be used for the transmission of visible light.", "Li-Fi __knowledge__ The term was first introduced by Harald Haas during a 2011 TEDGlobal talk in Edinburgh.", "Li-Fi __knowledge__ In technical terms, Li-Fi is a visible light communications system that is capable of transmitting data at high speeds over the visible light spectrum, ultraviolet and infrared radiation.", "Li-Fi __knowledge__ In terms of its end use the technology is similar to Wi-Fi.", "Li-Fi __knowledge__ The key technical difference is that Wi-Fi uses radio frequency to transmit data." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Yellow fever __knowledge__ Yellow fever is a viral disease of typically short duration.", "Yellow fever __knowledge__ In most cases, symptoms include fever, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, muscle pains particularly in the back, and headaches.", "Yellow fever __knowledge__ Symptoms typically improve within five days.", "Yellow fever __knowledge__ In about 15% of people within a day of improving, the fever comes back, abdominal pain occurs, and liver damage begins causing yellow skin.", "Yellow fever __knowledge__ If this occurs, the risk of bleeding and kidney problems is also increased.", "Yellow fever __knowledge__ The disease is caused by the yellow fever virus and is spread by the bite of an infected female mosquito.", "Yellow fever __knowledge__ It infects only humans, other primates, and several species of mosquitoes.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ The economics of happiness or happiness economics is the quantitative and theoretical study of happiness, positive and negative affect, well-being, quality of life, life satisfaction and related concepts, typically combining economics with other fields such as psychology, health and sociology.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ It typically treats such happiness-related measures, rather than wealth, income or profit, as something to be maximized.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ The field has grown substantially since the late 20th century, for example by the development of methods, surveys and indices to measure happiness and related concepts.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ Its findings have been described as a challenge to the economics profession.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Yellow __knowledge__ Yellow is the color between green and orange on the spectrum of visible light.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is evoked by light with a dominant wavelength of roughly 570590 nm.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is a primary color in subtractive color systems, used in painting or color printing.", "Yellow __knowledge__ In the RGB color model, used to create colors on television and computer screens, yellow is a secondary color made by combining red and green at equal intensity.", "Yellow __knowledge__ Carotenoids give the characteristic yellow color to autumn leaves, corn, canaries, daffodils, and lemons, as well as egg yolks, buttercups, and bananas.", "Yellow __knowledge__ They absorb light energy and protect plants from photodamage.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "Liu Ye (artist) __knowledge__ Liu Ye (; born in 1964) is a Beijing-based contemporary Chinese painter known for his bright-hued paintings of childlike female figures, his favorite cartoon character Miffy the bunny and works inspired by Piet Mondrian.", "Liu Ye (artist) __knowledge__ Liu Ye is part of a generation of artists who grew up during the Cultural Revolution.", "Liu Ye (artist) __knowledge__ However, unlike most acclaimed Chinese contemporary art, his works have little political implications.", "Liu Ye (artist) __knowledge__ Instead, he prefers to use a universal language to depict his inner world.", "Liu Ye (artist) __knowledge__ His work has been exhibited extensively in China, Europe and the United States.", "Liu Ye (artist) __knowledge__ Liu Ye was born and raised in Beijing.", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ Domo-kun first appeared in short stop-motion sketches on December 22, 1998 to mark the 10th anniversary of NHK's satellite broadcasting.", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ The name \"Domo\" was acquired during the second episode of his show, in which a TV announcer said , which is a greeting that can be translated as \"Well, hello there!", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ \", but which can also be interpreted as \"Hello, Domo\", and thus is a convenient pun (\"dajare\").", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ The kun suffix on \"Domo-kun\", the name used to describe the character in the Japanese versions, is a Japanese honorific often used with young males.", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ Tsuneo Gōda directs Domo episodes using stop motion animation.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "Greece national football team __knowledge__ The Greece national football team (, ) represents Greece in association football and is controlled by the Hellenic Football Federation, the governing body for football in Greece.", "Greece national football team __knowledge__ Greece's home ground is Karaiskakis Stadium in Piraeus.", "Greece national football team __knowledge__ Greece is one of only ten national teams to have been crowned UEFA European Champions.", "Greece national football team __knowledge__ At the UEFA Euro 1980 Greece made their first appearance in a major tournament and although they did not make it through the group stage, their qualification to the then eight-team tournament gave them a position in the top eight European football nations that year.", "Greece national football team __knowledge__ Greece had to wait until 1994 to experience their first FIFA World Cup participation, but after an undefeated qualifying run they produced a poor performance in the final tournament, losing all three group matches without scoring." ] ]

[ 1, 55, 0, 46 ]

[ "Blue is my favorite primary color", "red on the other hand is at the other end if the visible light spectrum", "out of the yellow blue and red, yellow is my least favorite", "do you like pink? its actually considered a pale red" ]

[ "Blue", "Blue", "Blue", "Blue" ]

[ "Aircraft pilot", "That is a brave thing to want to be. I'm not a good flier.", "I would love to visit Kitty Hawk one of these days. I imagine those brothers had an amazing life." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ While other aircrew members such as navigators or flight engineers are also considered aviators, because they are involved in operating the aircraft's navigation and engine systems.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ Other aircrew members such as flight attendants, mechanics and ground crew, are not classified as aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ In recognition of the pilots' qualifications and responsibilities, most militaries and many airlines worldwide award aviator badges to their pilots, and this includes naval aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The first recorded use of the term \"aviator\" (\"aviateur\" in French) was in 1887, as a variation of \"aviation\", from the Latin \"avis\" (meaning \"bird\"), coined in 1863 by G. de la Landelle in \"Aviation Ou Navigation Aérienne\" (\"Aviation or Air Navigation\").", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The term aviatrix (\"aviatrice\" in French), now archaic, was formerly used for a female aviator.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ These terms were used more in the early days of aviation, when airplanes were extremely rare, and connoted bravery and adventure.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ For example, a 1905 reference work described the Wright brothers' first airplane: \"The weight, including the body of the aviator, is a little more than 700 pounds\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ While other aircrew members such as navigators or flight engineers are also considered aviators, because they are involved in operating the aircraft's navigation and engine systems.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ Other aircrew members such as flight attendants, mechanics and ground crew, are not classified as aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ In recognition of the pilots' qualifications and responsibilities, most militaries and many airlines worldwide award aviator badges to their pilots, and this includes naval aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The first recorded use of the term \"aviator\" (\"aviateur\" in French) was in 1887, as a variation of \"aviation\", from the Latin \"avis\" (meaning \"bird\"), coined in 1863 by G. de la Landelle in \"Aviation Ou Navigation Aérienne\" (\"Aviation or Air Navigation\").", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The term aviatrix (\"aviatrice\" in French), now archaic, was formerly used for a female aviator.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ These terms were used more in the early days of aviation, when airplanes were extremely rare, and connoted bravery and adventure.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ For example, a 1905 reference work described the Wright brothers' first airplane: \"The weight, including the body of the aviator, is a little more than 700 pounds\".", "A More Perfect Union (speech) __knowledge__ \"A More Perfect Union\" is the name of a speech delivered by then Senator and future President Barack Obama on March 18, 2008 in the course of the contest for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nomination.", "A More Perfect Union (speech) __knowledge__ Speaking before an audience at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Obama was responding to a spike in the attention paid to controversial remarks made by the Reverend Jeremiah Wright, his former pastor and, until shortly before the speech, a participant in his campaign.", "A More Perfect Union (speech) __knowledge__ Obama framed his response in terms of the broader issue of race in the United States.", "A More Perfect Union (speech) __knowledge__ The speech's title was taken from the Preamble to the United States Constitution.", "Jeffrey Scott Flier __knowledge__ Jeffrey Scott Flier (born February 27, 1948) is an American physician, endocrinologist, researcher, and the 21st Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at Harvard University.", "Jeffrey Scott Flier __knowledge__ Flier was born in New York City, and grew up in the Pelham Parkway section of the Bronx.", "Jeffrey Scott Flier __knowledge__ He is the son of Milton R. Flier, a World War II C-47 pilot and businessperson, and Dorothy Flier, who taught junior high school mathematics.", "Jeffrey Scott Flier __knowledge__ He graduated in 1964 from the Bronx High School of Science, and 1968 from the City College of New York.", "Jeffrey Scott Flier __knowledge__ He was in the first entering class of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in 1968, and graduated in 1972 with the Elster Prize for highest academic standing.", "USS Flier __knowledge__ , a \"Gato\"-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the flier, a round sunfish widely known in the United States.", "USS Flier __knowledge__ Her keel was laid down 30 October 1942 by Electric Boat Company of Groton, Connecticut.", "USS Flier __knowledge__ She was launched on 11 July 1943 (sponsored by Mrs. A. S. Pierce), and commissioned on 18 October 1943 with Lieutenant Commander John D. Crowley in command.", "USS Flier __knowledge__ \"Flier\" reached Pearl Harbor from New London, Connecticut, on 20 December 1943, and prepared for her first war patrol, sailing 12 January 1944.", "USS Flier __knowledge__ However, the submarine ran aground near Midway Island on 16 January.", "Univox Hi-Flier __knowledge__ The Univox Hi-Flier was an electric guitar manufactured by Univox (later Unicord) from 1968 to 1978.", "Univox Hi-Flier __knowledge__ It had a similar appearance to the Mosrite \"Ventures\" guitar, though was somewhat different (and much cheaper).", "Univox Hi-Flier __knowledge__ The name is often misspelled (e.g.", "Univox Hi-Flier __knowledge__ High Flyer).", "Univox Hi-Flier __knowledge__ The Hi-Flier went through many changes, generally divided into four \"phases.\"", "Univox Hi-Flier __knowledge__ However, the changes that define these have \"transitional\" periods, where characteristics from an older phase carry over into early production of a new phase.", "Univox Hi-Flier __knowledge__ It is impossible to date these guitars by the serial number as it is uncertain whether records were kept on their production (the original factory burned down in the 1980s).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "Flier (fish) __knowledge__ The flier (\"Centrarchus macropterus\") is a sunfish (family Centrarchidae) native to muddy-bottomed swamps, ponds, weedy lakes, and riverine backwaters across the American South, from southern Illinois east to the Potomac River basin and south to Texas.", "Flier (fish) __knowledge__ \"C. macropterus\" is currently the only species of genus Centrarchus, but Lacépède had originally assigned it to \"Labrus\" (now confined to some marine wrasses).", "Flier (fish) __knowledge__ The generic name, \"Centrarchus,\" derives from the Greek \"κέντρον\" (center, in this sense \"sting\") and \"ἀρχός\" (ruler), in reference, presumably, to the sharp spines on the anal fin.", "Flier (fish) __knowledge__ \"Centrarchus\" being the type genus of family Centrarchidae, it gives its name to the whole sunfish family.", "Dorothy Day __knowledge__ Dorothy Day, Obl.S.B.", "Dorothy Day __knowledge__ (November 8, 1897 – November 29, 1980) was an American journalist, social activist, and Catholic convert.", "Dorothy Day __knowledge__ Day initially lived a bohemian lifestyle before gaining fame as a social activist after her conversion.", "Dorothy Day __knowledge__ She later became a key figure in the Catholic Worker Movement and earned a national reputation as a political radical, perhaps the most famous radical in American Catholic Church history.", "Dorothy Day __knowledge__ Day's conversion is described in her autobiography, \"The Long Loneliness\".", "Dorothy Day __knowledge__ Day was also an active journalist and described her social activism in her writings.", "Dorothy Day __knowledge__ In 1917 she was imprisoned as a member of suffragist Alice Paul's nonviolent Silent Sentinels.", "United States Naval Aviator __knowledge__ A Naval Aviator is a commissioned officer or warrant officer qualified as a pilot in the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps or United States Coast Guard.", "United States Naval Aviator __knowledge__ In the U.S. Navy, most Naval Aviators are unrestricted line officers (URL), eligible for command at sea; however, a small number of former senior enlisted personnel subsequently commissioned as line Limited Duty Officers and Chief Warrant Officers in the aviation operations technician specialty have also been trained as Naval Aviators and Naval Flight Officers.", "United States Naval Aviator __knowledge__ A small number of URL officers trained as Naval Aviators and Naval Flight Officers who hold technical degrees at the undergraduate and/or postgraduate level may also opt to laterally transfer to the restricted line (RL) as Aerospace Engineering Duty Officers (AEDO).", "Aviation Cadet Training Program (USN) __knowledge__ The US Navy had four programs (NavCad, NAP, AVMIDN, and MarCad) for the training of naval aviators.", "Aviation Cadet Training Program (USN) __knowledge__ In 1908 at Fort Myer, Virginia, a demonstration of an early \"heavier-than-air\" craft was flown by a pair of inventors named Orville and Wilbur Wright.", "Aviation Cadet Training Program (USN) __knowledge__ Two navy officers observing the demonstration were inspired to push for the navy to acquire aircraft of their own.", "Aviation Cadet Training Program (USN) __knowledge__ In May, 1911 the navy purchased their first aircraft.", "Aviation Cadet Training Program (USN) __knowledge__ From 1911 to 1914 the navy received free flying lessons from aviation pioneer Glenn Curtiss at North Island, San Diego, California.", "Aviation Cadet Training Program (USN) __knowledge__ In 1911, the navy began training its first pilots at the newly founded Aviation Camp at Annapolis, Maryland.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ The Portuguese Air Force () is the aerial warfare force of Portugal.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ Locally, it is referred to by the acronym FAP, but internationally is often referred to by the acronym PoAF.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ It is the youngest of the three branches of the Portuguese Armed Forces.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ The Portuguese Air Force was formed on July 1, 1952, when the former \"Aeronáutica Militar\" (Army Aviation) and \"Aviação Naval\" (Naval Aviation) were united and formed an independent air branch of the Armed Forces.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ However, the remote origins of the FAP go back to the early 20th century, with the establishment of the first military air unit in 1911, of the Military Aeronautics School in 1914, of the participation of Portuguese pilots in the World War I and of establishment of the Army and Navy aviation services.", "Naval flight officer __knowledge__ A naval flight officer (NFO) is a commissioned officer in the United States Navy or United States Marine Corps who specializes in airborne weapons and sensor systems.", "Naval flight officer __knowledge__ NFOs are not pilots (naval aviators) \"per se\", but they may perform many \"co-pilot\" functions, depending on the type of aircraft.", "Naval flight officer __knowledge__ Until 1966, their duties were performed by both commissioned officer and senior enlisted naval aviation observers (NAO).", "Naval flight officer __knowledge__ In 1966, enlisted personnel were removed from naval aviation observer duties but continued to serve in enlisted aircrew roles, while NAO officers received the newly established NFO designation, and the NFO insignia was introduced.", "U.S. Air Force aeronautical rating __knowledge__ U.S. Air Force aeronautical ratings are military aviation skill standards established and awarded by the United States Air Force for commissioned officers participating in \"regular and frequent flight\", either aerially or in space, in performance of their duties.", "U.S. Air Force aeronautical rating __knowledge__ USAF aeronautical badges, commonly referred to as \"wings\" from their shape and their historical legacy, are awarded by the Air Force in recognition of degrees of achievement and experience.", "U.S. Air Force aeronautical rating __knowledge__ Officers earning these badges and maintaining their requirements are classified as rated officers and receive additional pay and allowances.", "U.S. Air Force aeronautical rating __knowledge__ The first U.S. military aviator ratings were awarded in 1912, and the issuance of badges for recognition of the award began in 1913.", "Ted Williams __knowledge__ Theodore Samuel Williams (August 30, 1918 – July 5, 2002) was an American professional baseball player and manager.", "Ted Williams __knowledge__ He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career as a left fielder for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960, only interrupted by service time during World War II and the Korean War.", "Ted Williams __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"The Kid\", \"The Splendid Splinter\", \"Teddy Ballgame\", \"The Thumper\", and \"The Greatest Hitter Who Ever Lived\", Williams is regarded as one of the greatest players in baseball history.", "Ted Williams __knowledge__ Williams was also an outstanding fielder, especially in the difficult left field of Fenway Park in Boston.", "John Henry Towers __knowledge__ John Henry Towers (January 30, 1885 – April 30, 1955) was a United States Navy admiral and pioneer naval aviator.", "John Henry Towers __knowledge__ He made important contributions to the technical and organizational development of naval aviation from its very beginnings, eventually serving as Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics (1939–1942).", "John Henry Towers __knowledge__ He commanded carrier task forces during World War II, and retired in December 1947.", "John Henry Towers __knowledge__ He and Marc Mitscher were the only early Naval Aviation pioneers to survive the extreme hazards of early flight to remain with naval aviation throughout their careers.", "John Henry Towers __knowledge__ He was the first naval aviator to achieve flag rank and was the most senior advocate for naval aviation during a time when the Navy was dominated by battleship admirals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ While other aircrew members such as navigators or flight engineers are also considered aviators, because they are involved in operating the aircraft's navigation and engine systems.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ Other aircrew members such as flight attendants, mechanics and ground crew, are not classified as aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ In recognition of the pilots' qualifications and responsibilities, most militaries and many airlines worldwide award aviator badges to their pilots, and this includes naval aviators.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The first recorded use of the term \"aviator\" (\"aviateur\" in French) was in 1887, as a variation of \"aviation\", from the Latin \"avis\" (meaning \"bird\"), coined in 1863 by G. de la Landelle in \"Aviation Ou Navigation Aérienne\" (\"Aviation or Air Navigation\").", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ The term aviatrix (\"aviatrice\" in French), now archaic, was formerly used for a female aviator.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ These terms were used more in the early days of aviation, when airplanes were extremely rare, and connoted bravery and adventure.", "Aircraft pilot __knowledge__ For example, a 1905 reference work described the Wright brothers' first airplane: \"The weight, including the body of the aviator, is a little more than 700 pounds\".", "USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) __knowledge__ The supercarrier USS \"Kitty Hawk\" (CV-63), formerly CVA-63, was the second naval ship named after Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the site of the Wright brothers' first powered airplane flight.", "USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) __knowledge__ \"Kitty Hawk\" was both the first and last active ship of her class, and the last oil-fired aircraft carrier in service with the United States Navy.", "USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) __knowledge__ \"Kitty Hawk\" was laid down by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey, on 27 December 1956.", "USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) __knowledge__ The ship was launched on 21 May 1960, sponsored by Mrs. Camilla F. McElroy, wife of Defense Secretary Neil H. McElroy.", "USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) __knowledge__ \"Kitty Hawk\" was launched by flooding her drydock; the conventional slide down method was ruled out because of her mass and the risk that she might hit the Philadelphia shore on the far side of the Delaware River.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two American aviators, engineers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.", "USS Kitty Hawk (AKV-1) __knowledge__ USS \"Kitty Hawk\" (APV-1/AKV-1), formerly SS \"Seatrain New York\", was built in 1932 by Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Corporation of Chester, Pennsylvania for Seatrain Lines, Inc. She was acquired by the United States Navy on 25 June 1941; and renamed \"Kitty Hawk\" on 8 July.", "USS Kitty Hawk (AKV-1) __knowledge__ She was named after Kitty Hawk, North Carolina where the Wright brothers made the world's first powered heavier than air flight on 17 December 1903.", "USS Kitty Hawk (AKV-1) __knowledge__ She was converted to an aircraft transport by Tietjin & Land Dry Dock Corporation, Hoboken, New Jersey and commissioned on 26 November 1941, at New York Navy Yard, with Commander E. C. Rogers in command.", "HSC-14 __knowledge__ Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 14 (HSC-14) \"Chargers\" is an aviation unit of the United States Navy based at Naval Air Station North Island, California (USA).", "HSC-14 __knowledge__ HSC-14 was established as Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron 14 (HS-14) in 1984 and was redesignated HSC-14 in 2013.", "HSC-14 __knowledge__ The squadron is equipped with the Sikorsky MH-60S Seahawk.", "HSC-14 __knowledge__ HSC-14 flies the MH-60S Seahawk helicopter, an all-weather, day and night multi-mission helicopter.", "HSC-14 __knowledge__ The primary mission of the squadron is Anti-Surface Warfare(ASUW).", "HSC-14 __knowledge__ Additionally, the squadron is trained and equipped to conduct Search and rescue (SAR), MEDEVAC, Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR), Naval Special Warfare operations (NSW), Anti-ship Missile Defense (ASMD) and Fleet Logistics support, including VERTREP.", "Kitty Hawk, North Carolina __knowledge__ Kitty Hawk is a town in Dare County, North Carolina, and is a part of what is known as North Carolina's Outer Banks.", "Kitty Hawk, North Carolina __knowledge__ The population was 3,272 at the 2010 Census.", "Kitty Hawk, North Carolina __knowledge__ It was established in the early 18th century as Chickahawk.", "Kitty Hawk, North Carolina __knowledge__ Kitty Hawk became world-famous after the Wright brothers made the first controlled powered airplane flights at the Kill Devil Hills, four miles (6 km) south of the town, on December 17, 1903.", "Kitty Hawk, North Carolina __knowledge__ After the flights, the brothers walked back to Kitty Hawk, where they sent a telegram from the Weather Bureau office to their father informing him of their success.", "Kitty Hawk, North Carolina __knowledge__ Kitty Hawk is usually credited as the site of the powered flights because it was the nearest named settlement at the time of the flight; the modern town of Kill Devil Hills did not exist until 50 years after the flights.", "Kitty Hawk Aircargo __knowledge__ \"For the Dallas, Texas, based airline that flew in 1978, see Kitty Hawk Airways.\"", "Kitty Hawk Aircargo __knowledge__ Kitty Hawk Aircargo () was an American cargo airline based on the grounds of Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport and in Grapevine, Texas, U.S.", "Kitty Hawk Aircargo __knowledge__ It operated domestic scheduled overnight freight services, as well as air charter services.", "Kitty Hawk Aircargo __knowledge__ Its main base was Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, with a hub at Fort Wayne International Airport.", "Kitty Hawk Aircargo __knowledge__ The airline was founded in 1976 by Tom Christopher as Kitty Hawk Airways.", "Kitty Hawk Aircargo __knowledge__ The airline operated Convair 640 and Boeing 727 freight aircraft during the 1990s.", "Kitty Hawk Aircargo __knowledge__ Various mergers and acquisitions resulted in the establishment of Kitty Hawk Inc, which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on 1 May 2000 and suspended all international cargo flights.", "Wright Flyer __knowledge__ The Wright Flyer (often retrospectively referred to as Flyer\" I or 1903 \"Flyer) was the first successful heavier-than-air powered aircraft.", "Wright Flyer __knowledge__ It was designed and built by the Wright brothers.", "Wright Flyer __knowledge__ They flew it four times on December 17, 1903, near Kill Devil Hills, about four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, US.", "Wright Flyer __knowledge__ Today, the airplane is exhibited in the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C.", "Wright Flyer __knowledge__ The U.S. Smithsonian Institution describes the aircraft as \"the first powered, heavier-than-air machine to achieve controlled, sustained flight with a pilot aboard\".", "Wright Flyer __knowledge__ The flight of \"Flyer I\" marks the beginning of the \"pioneer era\" of aviation.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\".", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Lorelai Victoria Gilmore, played by Lauren Graham, is the only daughter of Richard and Emily Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She is the mother of Lorelai \"Rory\" Leigh Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She became pregnant at the age of 16 but refused to marry Christopher Hayden, Rory's father, because she felt that a marriage at such a young age would not work out.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Instead, she ran away to the town of Stars Hollow, which is half an hour away from Hartford.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ In Stars Hollow, she meets Mia, the owner of the Independence Inn.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She begs Mia to hire her though she has no experience of any kind.", "Robyn Hitchcock __knowledge__ Robyn Rowan Hitchcock (born 3 March 1953) is an English singer-songwriter and guitarist.", "Robyn Hitchcock __knowledge__ While primarily a vocalist and guitarist, he also plays harmonica, piano, and bass guitar.", "Robyn Hitchcock __knowledge__ After reaching prominence in the late 1970s with The Soft Boys, Hitchcock launched a prolific solo career.", "Robyn Hitchcock __knowledge__ His musical and lyrical styles have been influenced by the likes of Bob Dylan, John Lennon, Syd Barrett and Roger McGuinn.", "Robyn Hitchcock __knowledge__ Hitchcock's lyrics tend to include surrealism, comedic elements, characterisations of English eccentrics, and melancholy depictions of everyday life.", "Robyn Hitchcock __knowledge__ He has recorded for two major American labels (A&M Records, then Warner Bros.) over the course of the 1980s and 1990s, and was the subject of a live performance/documentary film (\"Storefront Hitchcock\") by major motion picture director Jonathan Demme in 1998, but despite this, mainstream success has been limited.", "Annie Hall __knowledge__ Annie Hall is a 1977 American romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen from a screenplay he co-wrote with Marshall Brickman.", "Annie Hall __knowledge__ Produced by Allen's manager, Charles H. Joffe, the film stars the director as Alvy \"Max\" Singer, who tries to figure out the reasons for the failure of his relationship with the film's eponymous female lead, played by Diane Keaton in a role written specifically for her.", "Annie Hall __knowledge__ Principal photography for the film began on May 19, 1976 on the South Fork of Long Island, and filming continued periodically for the next ten months.", "Annie Hall __knowledge__ Allen has described the result, which marked his first collaboration with cinematographer Gordon Willis, as \"a major turning point\", in that unlike the farces and comedies that were his work to that point, it introduced a new level of seriousness.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 (樱野3加1), also known as Sakurano in the Philippines, is a Taiwanese drama that airs Sunday on TTV/SETTV.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ This drama brings back Ming Dao and Joe Chen Qiao En.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian, Jia Jiang, Fang Wei, and Bulu all grew up on Westside Street together and currently study in Ying Ye School, one month away from graduation.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian's dad is a police officer in Westside Street and is retiring tomorrow.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ But just on that day, they all had a fight at school with the Dinosaur gang, and were almost expelled by the principal.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Officer Xia went to settle the conflict and not only did it not get settled, his gun got misplaced by the principal too.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "False awakening __knowledge__ A false awakening is a vivid and convincing dream about awakening from sleep, while the dreamer in reality continues to sleep.", "False awakening __knowledge__ After a false awakening, subjects often dream they are performing daily morning rituals such as showering, cooking, cleaning, eating and using the toilet.", "False awakening __knowledge__ False awakenings, namely those in which one dreams that one has awoken from sleep that featured dreams, take on aspects of a double dream or a dream within a dream.", "False awakening __knowledge__ A classic example is the double false awakening of the protagonist in Gogol's \"Portrait\" (1835).", "False awakening __knowledge__ A false awakening may occur following a dream or following a lucid dream (one in which the dreamer has been aware of dreaming).", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\"." ] ]

[ 1, 7, 14 ]

[ "I used to want to be an aircraft pilot or a naval aviator. Never walked down that road though.", "I often dream of the early days of avaition. It seems like it was a very romantic time.", "I went to the Wright brothers museum in Dayton Ohio this yaer. They had a replica of their first successful airplane." ]

[ "Aircraft pilot", "Aircraft pilot", "Aircraft pilot" ]

[ "Chocolate\nI absolutely love chocolate.", "Chocolate makes people happy, don't you agree?", "What else can you tell me about Chocolate?", "It goes all the way back to 1900 BC? I had no idea.", "Ok then.Sugar was added later on, so it was not sweet at the beginning. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Taisho-roman Street __knowledge__ Taisho-roman Street, meaning Taisho Romance Street, is a local shopping street in Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.", "Taisho-roman Street __knowledge__ About 30 stores and restaurants line about street, which is gently winding as a characteristic of the castle town to prepare for wars.", "Taisho-roman Street __knowledge__ The façade of some shops dates from Taisho era (1912-1926) and some have been in business for nearly 100 years.", "Taisho-roman Street __knowledge__ At the northern end of the street, Kawagoe Chamber of Commerce and Industry is located.", "Taisho-roman Street __knowledge__ It was built in the style of Renaissance Revival style with impressive Doric columns for Bushu Bank Kawagoe Branch.", "Taisho-roman Street __knowledge__ The street has been used as a setting in several Japanese movies, TV dramas and commercials in nostalgic air with granite flagstones.", "Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana __knowledge__ Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna (reconstructed Sanskrit title: \"Mahāyāna śraddhotpādaśāstra\"; ) is a text of Mahayana Buddhism.", "Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana __knowledge__ Though attributed to the Indian master Aśvaghoṣa, the text is now partly regarded as a Chinese composition.", "Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana __knowledge__ While the text is attributed to Aśvaghoṣa, no Sanskrit version of the text is extant.", "Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana __knowledge__ The two earliest existing versions are written in Chinese, and contemporary scholars widely accept the theory that the text is a Chinese composition.", "Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana __knowledge__ However, D.T.", "Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana __knowledge__ Suzuki accepted its Indian Sanskrit origin, while acknowledging that it was unlikely the first historical Aśvaghoṣa was the author, and it is more likely that the attribution to Aśvaghoṣa was an honorific appellation due to the profundity of the treatise.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Wrigley's.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more than 50 countries worldwide.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is famous for its Dairy Milk chocolate, the Creme Egg and Roses selection box, and many other confectionery products.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ One of the best-known British brands, in 2013 \"The Daily Telegraph\" named Cadbury among Britain's most successful exports.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury was established in Birmingham, England in 1824, by John Cadbury who sold tea, coffee and drinking chocolate.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats are produced in different variations around the world, with several countries claiming to have invented it or hailing it as their \"national confection\".", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Originally the treat was made using cream (hence the Danish name \"flødeboller\" (cream buns)), but the filling was later made from egg whites to help industrialize production and improve shelf life.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Many languages used to call these treats by phrases or compounds using a counterpart to negro (e.g.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ \"negro's kiss\", \"negro bun\"); most but not all of these are increasingly being avoided, especially in formal writing, in favour of replacements such as \"choco-kiss\".", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters in the Roald Dahl book \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" and \"Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator\", and the former's film adaptations, \"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\" and \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\".", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ In the novels and films, Willy Wonka is the odd owner of an extremely prosperous chocolates factory.", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ The inciting action of the story occurs when Wonka holds a contest, hiding five Golden Tickets within the wrappers of confectionery bars, promising their discoverers a tour of his factory and a lifelong supply of his creations.", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ Implications stand in all three versions that he allows four of his five finalists to disgrace themselves, in hope that one does not." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Leonidas (chocolate maker) __knowledge__ Leonidas is a Belgian chocolate company that produces chocolate and other related products.", "Leonidas (chocolate maker) __knowledge__ The company was started in 1913 by Greek-American confectioner Leonidas Kestekides in Brussels although he first began producing his chocolate in the U.S.", "Leonidas (chocolate maker) __knowledge__ Even so, according to author and editor Mort Rosenblum, Leonidas chocolate is “real Belgian chocolate, fairly priced, and plenty of people like it.” Its maintenance has been passed down through Leonidas Kestelides’ descendants over the years.", "Leonidas (chocolate maker) __knowledge__ Leonidas has 350 shops in Belgium and nearly 1,250 stores in around 50 countries including 340 in France.", "Leonidas (chocolate maker) __knowledge__ Leonidas has become one of the highest producing, widespread chocolate companies in the world.", "Arthur C. Brooks __knowledge__ Arthur C. Brooks (born May 21, 1964) is an American social scientist and musician.", "Arthur C. Brooks __knowledge__ He is the president of the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank.", "Arthur C. Brooks __knowledge__ Brooks is best known for his work on the junctions between culture, economics, and politics.", "Arthur C. Brooks __knowledge__ Two of his popular volumes, \"Who Really Cares: The Surprising Truth about Compassionate Conservatism\" and \"Gross National Happiness: Why Happiness Matters for America—and How We Can Get More of It\", explore these themes in greater depth.", "Arthur C. Brooks __knowledge__ He is a self-described independent.", "Arthur C. Brooks __knowledge__ Brooks was raised in Seattle's Queen Anne neighborhood.", "Arthur C. Brooks __knowledge__ His father was a professor and mother an artist and his upbringing has been described as being liberal.", "Contentment __knowledge__ Contentment is a mental or emotional state of satisfaction maybe drawn from being at ease in one's situation, body and mind.", "Contentment __knowledge__ Colloquially speaking, contentment could be a state of having accepted one's situation and is a milder and more tentative form of happiness.", "Contentment __knowledge__ Contentment and the pursuit of contentment are possibly a central thread through many philosophical or religious schools across diverse cultures, times and geographies.", "Contentment __knowledge__ Siddharta might have said \"Health is the most precious gain and contentment the greatest wealth\".", "Contentment __knowledge__ John Stuart Mill, centuries later, would write \"I have learned to seek my happiness by limiting my desires, rather than in attempting to satisfy them.\"", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ This is a list of \"VeggieTales\" original videos.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ Where's God When I'm S-Scared?", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ was initially released on December 21, 1993 on VHS and was distributed by Word Entertainment on March 1, 1994.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ It features two stories about what to do when you are afraid.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ In the first segment, \"Tales from the Crisper\", Junior Asparagus is watching a scary movie before being told by his mother that he needs to go to bed.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ However, the movie has made him afraid and after imagining that his family in a portrait were frankenstein monsters, Bob and Larry drop in to help.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ After some discussion, the pair comfort Junior in song about how he does not need to be afraid because God is watching out for him and He is bigger than anything.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "Tamagotchi: Happiest Story in the Universe! __knowledge__ The film is the second Tamagotchi feature film produced and the follow up to \"\".", "Tamagotchi: Happiest Story in the Universe! __knowledge__ It is also a prequel to the 2009 Anime sequel of the same name.", "Tamagotchi: Happiest Story in the Universe! __knowledge__ An English dub of the film existed in the Philippines, although it was rather rare.", "Tamagotchi: Happiest Story in the Universe! __knowledge__ The film was also rare in other countries.", "Tamagotchi: Happiest Story in the Universe! __knowledge__ Madman Entertainment, who provided an English dub of Tamagotchi: The Movie, intended to dub this film in English as well, but the dub was cancelled for unknown reasons.", "Tamagotchi: Happiest Story in the Universe! __knowledge__ At Tamagotchi School, the Tamagotchi children wait for the flying library to arrive.", "Tamagotchi: Happiest Story in the Universe! __knowledge__ While talking about the kind of books they would like to read, another young student adds a rude comment to Mametchi's dream.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Instant noodles are sold in a precooked and dried noodle block, with flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The flavoring is usually in a separate packet, although in the case of cup noodles the flavoring is often loose in the cup.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Some instant noodle products are seal packed; these can be reheated or eaten straight from the packet/container.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Dried noodle blocks are cooked or soaked in boiling water before eating.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The main ingredients used in dried noodles are usually wheat flour, palm oil, and salt.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Common ingredients in the flavoring powder are salt, monosodium glutamate, seasoning, and sugar.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus \"Vanilla\", primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (\"V. planifolia\").", "Vanilla __knowledge__ The word \"vanilla\", derived from , the diminutive of the Spanish word (\"vaina\" itself meaning sheath or pod), is translated simply as \"little pod\".", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid, called \"tlilxochitl\" by the Aztecs.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pollination is required to set the vanilla fruit from which the flavoring is derived.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ The safety of electronic cigarettes is uncertain.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ There is little data about their safety, and considerable variability among e-cigarettes and in their liquid ingredients and thus the contents of the aerosol delivered to the user.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ Reviews on the safety of e-cigarettes have reached significantly different conclusions.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ A 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) report cautioned about potential risks of using e-cigarettes.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ Regulated US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) products such as nicotine inhalers are likely safer than e-cigarettes.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ A systematic review suggests that e-cigarettes are less harmful than smoking and since they contain no tobacco and do not involve combustion, users may avoid several harmful constituents usually found in tobacco smoke.", "Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid __knowledge__ E-liquid is the mixture used in vapor products such as electronic cigarettes.", "Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid __knowledge__ The main ingredients in the e-liquid usually are propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, and flavorings.", "Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid __knowledge__ However, there are e-liquids sold without propylene glycol, nicotine, or flavors.", "Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid __knowledge__ The liquid typically contains 95% propylene glycol and glycerin.", "Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid __knowledge__ Propylene glycol and glycerine are used to produce the vapor while the flavoring provides the taste and aroma.", "Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid __knowledge__ The flavorings may be natural or artificial.", "Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid __knowledge__ About 8,000 flavors exist as of 2014.", "Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid __knowledge__ There are many e-liquids manufacturers in the USA and worldwide.", "Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid __knowledge__ While there are currently no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) manufacturing standards for e-liquid, the FDA has proposed regulations that were expected to be finalized in late 2015.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Vanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, which is an organic compound with the molecular formula CHO.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Its functional groups include aldehyde, hydroxyl, and ether.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ It is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Synthetic vanillin is now used more often than natural vanilla extract as a flavoring agent in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Vanillin and ethylvanillin are used by the food industry; ethylvanillin is more expensive, but has a stronger note.", "Vanillin __knowledge__ It differs from vanillin by having an ethoxy group (–O–CHCH) instead of a methoxy group (–O–CH).", "Vanillin __knowledge__ Natural \"vanilla extract\" is a mixture of several hundred different compounds in addition to vanillin.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters in the Roald Dahl book \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" and \"Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator\", and the former's film adaptations, \"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\" and \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\".", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ In the novels and films, Willy Wonka is the odd owner of an extremely prosperous chocolates factory.", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ The inciting action of the story occurs when Wonka holds a contest, hiding five Golden Tickets within the wrappers of confectionery bars, promising their discoverers a tour of his factory and a lifelong supply of his creations.", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ Implications stand in all three versions that he allows four of his five finalists to disgrace themselves, in hope that one does not.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Wrigley's.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more than 50 countries worldwide.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is famous for its Dairy Milk chocolate, the Creme Egg and Roses selection box, and many other confectionery products.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ One of the best-known British brands, in 2013 \"The Daily Telegraph\" named Cadbury among Britain's most successful exports.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury was established in Birmingham, England in 1824, by John Cadbury who sold tea, coffee and drinking chocolate.", "Roald Dahl __knowledge__ Roald Dahl (, ; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot.", "Roald Dahl __knowledge__ His books have sold more than 250 million copies worldwide.", "Roald Dahl __knowledge__ Born in Wales to Norwegian immigrant parents, Dahl served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.", "Roald Dahl __knowledge__ He became a flying ace and intelligence officer, rising to the rank of acting wing commander.", "Roald Dahl __knowledge__ He rose to prominence as a writer in the 1940s with works for both children and adults, and he became one of the world's best-selling authors.", "Roald Dahl __knowledge__ He has been referred to as \"one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century\".", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats are produced in different variations around the world, with several countries claiming to have invented it or hailing it as their \"national confection\".", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Originally the treat was made using cream (hence the Danish name \"flødeboller\" (cream buns)), but the filling was later made from egg whites to help industrialize production and improve shelf life.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Many languages used to call these treats by phrases or compounds using a counterpart to negro (e.g.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ \"negro's kiss\", \"negro bun\"); most but not all of these are increasingly being avoided, especially in formal writing, in favour of replacements such as \"choco-kiss\".", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ This is a list of \"VeggieTales\" original videos.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ Where's God When I'm S-Scared?", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ was initially released on December 21, 1993 on VHS and was distributed by Word Entertainment on March 1, 1994.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ It features two stories about what to do when you are afraid.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ In the first segment, \"Tales from the Crisper\", Junior Asparagus is watching a scary movie before being told by his mother that he needs to go to bed.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ However, the movie has made him afraid and after imagining that his family in a portrait were frankenstein monsters, Bob and Larry drop in to help.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ After some discussion, the pair comfort Junior in song about how he does not need to be afraid because God is watching out for him and He is bigger than anything.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 1900 BC.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Originally prepared only as a drink, chocolate was served as a bitter, from a liquid, mixed with spices or corn puree.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Today, such drinks are also known as \"Chilate\" and are made by locals in the South of Mexico.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century, sugar was added to it, rendering it an aphrodisiac, and it became popular throughout society, first among the ruling classes and then among the common people.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa (), and cacao (), is the dried and fully fermented seed of \"Theobroma cacao\", from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The beans are the basis of chocolate, and of such Mesoamerican foods as \"mole\" and \"tejate\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The word \"cocoa\" comes from the Spanish word \"cacao\", which is derived from the Nahuatl word \"cacahuatl\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The Nahuatl word, in turn, ultimately derives from the reconstructed Proto Mije-Sokean word \"*kakaw~*kakawa\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The term \"cocoa\" also means The cacao tree is native to the Americas.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ It originated in Central America and parts of Mexico.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make cocoa mass, cocoa powder, confectionery, ganache and chocolate.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The floral formula is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+5²) (5).", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, \"Forcipomyia\" midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Old Assyrian Empire __knowledge__ The Old Assyrian Empire is one of four periods in which the history of Assyria is divided, the other three being: the Early Assyrian Period, the Middle Assyrian Period and the New Assyrian Period.", "Old Assyrian Empire __knowledge__ Assyria was a major Mesopotamian Semitic languages-speaking kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East.", "Old Assyrian Empire __knowledge__ Centered on the Tigris-Euphrates River System in Upper Mesopotamia, the Assyrian people came to rule powerful empires at several times.", "Old Assyrian Empire __knowledge__ Making up a substantial part of the \"Cradle of Civilization\", which included Sumer, the Akkadian Empire, and Babylonia, Assyria was at the height of technological, scientific and cultural achievements at its peak.", "History of mathematics __knowledge__ The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of discoveries in mathematics and, to a lesser extent, an investigation into the mathematical methods and notation of the past.", "History of mathematics __knowledge__ Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales.", "History of mathematics __knowledge__ From 3000 BC the Mesopotamian states of Sumer, Akkad and Assyria, together with Ancient Egypt and Ebla began using arithmetic, algebra and geometry for purposes of taxation, commerce, trade and also in the field of astronomy and to formulate calendars and record time.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The term classical antiquity is often used to refer to history in the Old World from the beginning of recorded Greek history in 776 BC (First Olympiad).", "Ancient history __knowledge__ This roughly coincides with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the beginning of the history of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greece.", "History of Gujarat __knowledge__ The history of Gujarat began with Stone Age settlements followed by Chalcolithic and Bronze Age settlements like Indus Valley Civilisation.", "History of Gujarat __knowledge__ Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly Bharuch, served as ports and trading centers in the Nanda, Maurya, Satavahana and Gupta empires as well as Western Kshatrapas period.", "History of Gujarat __knowledge__ After the fall of the Gupta empire in the 6th century, Gujarat flourished as an independent Hindu/Buddhist states.", "History of Gujarat __knowledge__ The Maitraka dynasty, descended from a Gupta general, ruled from the 6th to the 8th centuries from their capital at Vallabhi, although they were ruled briefly by Harsha during the 7th century.", "Prehistoric Iberia __knowledge__ The prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula begins with the arrival of the first hominins 1.2 million years ago and ends with the Punic Wars, when the territory enters the domains of written history.", "Prehistoric Iberia __knowledge__ In this long period, some of its most significant landmarks were to host the last stand of the Neanderthal people, to develop some of the most impressive Paleolithic art, alongside southern France, to be the seat of the earliest civilizations of Western Europe and finally to become a most desired colonial objective due to its strategic position and its many mineral riches.", "Prehistoric Iberia __knowledge__ Hominin inhabitation of the Iberian Peninsula dates from the Paleolithic.", "Babylonia __knowledge__ Babylonia was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq).", "Babylonia __knowledge__ A small Amorite-ruled state emerged in 1894 BC, which contained the minor administrative town of Babylon.", "Babylonia __knowledge__ It was a merely a small provincial town during the Akkadian Empire (2335–2154 BC) but greatly expanded during the reign of Hammurabi in the first half of the 18th century BC and became a major capital city.", "Babylonia __knowledge__ During the reign of Hammurabi and afterwards, Babylonia was called \"the country of Akkad\" (\"Māt Akkadī\" in Akkadian).", "Babylonia __knowledge__ It was often involved in rivalry with the older state of Assyria to the north and Elam to the east in Ancient Iran.", "Beaker culture __knowledge__ The Bell-Beaker culture (sometimes shortened to Beaker culture, is the term for a widely scattered archaeological culture of prehistoric western and Central Europe, starting in the late Neolithic or Chalcolithic and running into the early Bronze Age (in British terminology).", "Beaker culture __knowledge__ The term was coined by John Abercromby, based on the culture's distinctive pottery beakers, which he interpreted as drinking vessels.", "Beaker culture __knowledge__ The Bell Beaker culture is understood as not only a particular pottery type, but also a complete and complex cultural phenomenon involving metalwork in copper, gold, archery, specific types of ornamentation and shared ideological, cultural and religious ideas.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 1900 BC.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Originally prepared only as a drink, chocolate was served as a bitter, from a liquid, mixed with spices or corn puree.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Today, such drinks are also known as \"Chilate\" and are made by locals in the South of Mexico.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century, sugar was added to it, rendering it an aphrodisiac, and it became popular throughout society, first among the ruling classes and then among the common people.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its hieroglyphic script—the only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ The Maya civilization developed in an area that encompasses southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ This region consists of the northern lowlands encompassing the Yucatán Peninsula, and the highlands of the Sierra Madre, running from the Mexican state of Chiapas, across southern Guatemala and onwards into El Salvador, and the southern lowlands of the Pacific littoral plain.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make cocoa mass, cocoa powder, confectionery, ganache and chocolate.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The floral formula is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+5²) (5).", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, \"Forcipomyia\" midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sucrose is common table sugar.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ It is a disaccharide, a molecule composed of the two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sucrose is produced naturally in plants, from which table sugar is refined.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ It has the formula CHO.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ For human consumption, sucrose is extracted, and refined, from either sugar cane or sugar beet.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sugar mills are located where sugar cane is grown to crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped around the world for refining into pure sucrose.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Some sugar mills also process the raw sugar into pure sucrose.", "Sucrose __knowledge__ Sugar beet factories are in colder climates where the beet is grown and process the beets directly into refined sugar.", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ A doughnut or donut (both: or ; see spelling differences) is a type of fried dough confectionery or dessert food.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ The doughnut is popular in many countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, and franchised specialty vendors.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ Doughnuts are usually deep fried from a flour dough, and typically either ring-shaped or a number of shapes without a hole, and often filled, but can also be ball-shaped (the \"hole\").", "Doughnut __knowledge__ Other types of batters can also be used, and various toppings and flavorings are used for different types, such as sugar, chocolate, or maple glazing.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ One Ok Rock, stylized as ONE OK ROCK (pronounced in Japanese as \"one o'clock\"), is a Japanese rock band formed in Tokyo, Japan in 2005.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band currently consists of Takahiro Moriuchi (vocals), Toru Yamashita (guitar/leader), Ryota Kohama (bass), and Tomoya Kanki (drums).", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They have been playing many different styles of rock music, with songs ranging from alternative rock to emo to post-hardcore to pop rock.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band's name, ONE OK ROCK, comes from \"one o'clock\", the time that the band used to practice on weekends.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They chose to play at one o'clock in the morning because it was cheaper to use the rehearsal space during such hours.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is a wine whose colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold.", "White wine __knowledge__ It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the non-coloured pulp of grapes, which may have a skin of any colour.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine has existed for at least 2500 years.", "White wine __knowledge__ The wide variety of white wines comes from the large number of varieties, methods of winemaking, and ratios of residual sugar.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is mainly from \"white\" grapes, which are green or yellow in colour, such as the Chardonnay, Sauvignon, and Riesling.", "White wine __knowledge__ Some white wine is also made from grapes with coloured skin, provided that the obtained wort is not stained.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Szlachta __knowledge__ The szlachta (, exonym: \"Nobility\") was a legally privileged noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Samogitia (both after Union of Lublin became a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the Zaporozhian Host.", "Szlachta __knowledge__ It originated and gained considerable institutional privileges between 1333 and 1370 in Kingdom of Poland during the reign of King Casimir III the Great.", "Szlachta __knowledge__ In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown Kingdom of Poland, the existing Lithuanian-Ruthenian nobility formally joined this class.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Aristocracy of Norway refers to modern and medieval aristocracy in Norway.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Additionally, there have been economical, political, and military élites that—relating to the main lines of Norway's history—are generally accepted as nominal predecessors of the aforementioned.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Since the 16th century, modern aristocracy is known as nobility ().", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ The very first aristocracy in today's Norway appeared during the Bronze Age (c. 1800 BCc.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ 500 BC).", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ This bronze aristocracy consisted of several regional élites, whose earliest known existence dates to c. 1500 BC.", "Aristocracy of Norway __knowledge__ Via similar structures in the Iron Age (c. 400 BCc.", "History of sugar __knowledge__ Sugar is an indispensable part of human life.", "History of sugar __knowledge__ From the time of its invention, refined sugar has been a part of our day-to-day life.", "History of sugar __knowledge__ Sugar was first produced from sugarcane plants in northern India sometime after the first century.", "History of sugar __knowledge__ The derivation of the word “sugar” is thought to have been from Sanskrit and Sanskrit literature from India, written between 1500 - 500 B. C., provides the first documentation of the cultivation of sugar cane and manufacture of sugar in the Bengal region of India.", "History of sugar __knowledge__ The Sanskrit name for a crudely made sugar substance was guda, meaning “to make into a ball or to conglomerate.” The history of sugar has five main phases: Known worldwide through the end of the medieval period, sugar was very expensive and was considered a \"fine spice\", but from about the year 1500, technological improvements and New World sources began turning it into a much cheaper bulk commodity.", "Early impact of Mesoamerican goods in Iberian society __knowledge__ The early impact of Mesoamerican goods on Iberian society had a unique effect on European societies, particularly in Spain and Portugal.", "Early impact of Mesoamerican goods in Iberian society __knowledge__ The introduction of American \"miracle foods\" was instrumental in pulling the Iberian population out of the famine and hunger that was common in the 16th century.", "Early impact of Mesoamerican goods in Iberian society __knowledge__ Maize (corn), potatoes, turkey, squash, beans, and tomatoes were all incorporated into existing Spanish and Portuguese cuisine styles.", "Early impact of Mesoamerican goods in Iberian society __knowledge__ Equally important was the impact of coffee and sugar cane growing in the New World (despite having already existed in the Old World).", "Early impact of Mesoamerican goods in Iberian society __knowledge__ Along with the impact from food, the introduction of new goods (such as tobacco) also altered how Iberian society worked.", "Economic history of Portugal __knowledge__ The economic history of Portugal covers the development of the economy throughout the course of Portuguese history.", "Economic history of Portugal __knowledge__ It has its roots prior to nationality, when Roman occupation developed a thriving economy in Hispania, in the provinces of Lusitania and Gallaecia, as producers and exporters to the Roman Empire.", "Economic history of Portugal __knowledge__ This continued under the Visigoths and then Al-Andalus Moorish rule, until the Kingdom of Portugal was established in 1139.", "Economic history of Portugal __knowledge__ With the end of Portuguese reconquista and integration in the European Middle Age economy, the Portuguese were at the forefront of maritime exploration of the age of discovery, expanding to become the first global empire." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 44, 44, 5 ]

[ "Yes, me too! I love it in liquid, block or flavoring form!", "I think Chocolate is a key to happiness! It's so sweet, those roasted cacao seeds are a blessing for us.", "Well, there are chocolate beverages that even date back to 1900 BC. That's a long, long time it's been around.", "Yes, and once it arrived in Europe in the 16th century and sugar became added, that's when it was thought to be an aphrodisiac. Nobility used to be the only ones that had chocolate then. That's sad!", "Nope, people like the Mayan and Aztecs had a chocolate beverage and it was bitter. I prefer my hot chocolate sweet, with some whipped topping." ]

[ "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate" ]

[ "Moustache\nI have a tiny mustache that I keep trimmed. Do you like mustaches?", "No, I typically just use a razor and a trimmer for the more difficult sections. Do you like mustaches?", "Those are so difficult to grow. I have tried many times. Do you have any tips for growing such? ", "Yes. What about beards? Do you fancy them?", "I think mustaches appear more distinguished; however, I feel it depends upon the person. Sometimes a mustache doesn't fit the face, but a beard does. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moustache __knowledge__ A moustache (; , ) is facial hair grown on the upper lip.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Moustaches can be groomed by trimming and styling with a type of pomade called moustache wax.", "Moustache __knowledge__ The word \"moustache\" is French, and is derived from the Italian \"moustacio\" (fourteenth century), dialectal \"mostaccio\" (16th century), from Medieval Latin \"moustaccium\" (eighth century), Medieval Greek μοστάκιον (\"moustakion\"), attested in the ninth century, which ultimately originates as a diminutive of Hellenistic Greek μύσταξ (\"mustax\", \"mustak-\"), meaning \"upper lip\" or \"facial hair\", probably derived from Hellenistic Greek μύλλον (\"mullon\"), \"lip\".", "Moustache __knowledge__ Shaving with stone razors was technologically possible from Neolithic times.", "Moustache __knowledge__ A mustache is depicted on a statue of the 4th Dynasty Egyptian prince Rahotep (c. 2550 BC).", "Moustache __knowledge__ Another ancient portrait showing a shaved man with a moustache is an ancient Iranian (Scythian) horseman from 300 BC.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Various cultures have developed different associations with moustaches.", "Moustache __knowledge__ For example, in many 20th-century Arab countries, moustaches are associated with power, beards with Islamic traditionalism, and lack of facial hair with more liberal, secular tendencies.", "Moustache __knowledge__ In Islam, trimming the moustache is considered to be a sunnah and mustahabb, that is, a way of life that is recommended, especially among Sunni Muslims.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Facial hair in the military has been at various times common, prohibited, or an integral part of the uniform.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In the armed forces (and police) of India, Sikhs are allowed to wear full beards as their religion expressly requires followers to do so.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ However, they are specifically required to \"dress up their hair and beard properly\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In fact, in Sikh-only units there are instances of personnel transferred out by the unit Commander for their refusal to wear beard and hair as required by Sikh religion, although no official regulation exists on this.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Non-Sikh personnel are allowed to grow whiskers and moustaches, with the only regulation being that \"will be of moderate length\".", "Emil Baehrens __knowledge__ Paul Heinrich Emil Baehrens (24 September 1848, Bayenthal – 26 September 1888, Groningen) was a German classical scholar.", "Emil Baehrens __knowledge__ After completing his studies he became \"Privatdozent\" at Jena.", "Emil Baehrens __knowledge__ In 1877 he was appointed ordinary professor at the University of Groningen.", "Emil Baehrens __knowledge__ He published editions of many Latin authors, including Catullus, Propertius and minor poets.", "Emil Baehrens __knowledge__ His son Wilhelm Baehrens also became a classical scholar.", "Emil Baehrens __knowledge__ Baehrens was the son of Paul Baehrens, a businessman, and his wife Maria (née Hagen).", "Emil Baehrens __knowledge__ After the death of his father (1850), his mother married Dr. G. A. Hesse, who became like a second father to Baehrens.", "Wilhelm Baehrens __knowledge__ Wilhelm Adolf Baehrens (3 September 1885 – 23 January 1929) was a German classical scholar.", "Wilhelm Baehrens __knowledge__ The son of professor Emil Baehrens (1848–1888), Wilhelm Baehrens was born in Groningen.", "Wilhelm Baehrens __knowledge__ After visiting the local gymnasium he stepped in his early deceased father's footsteps by studying philology and papyrology at the University of Groningen.", "Wilhelm Baehrens __knowledge__ He also stayed few semesters at Halle, Göttingen and Berlin.", "Wilhelm Baehrens __knowledge__ In 1910 Baehrens received his doctor's degree at Groningen with his dissertation \"Panegyricorum latinorum editionis novae praefatio maior accedit Plinii panegyricus\".", "Wilhelm Baehrens __knowledge__ For two years he acted as assistant schoolmaster at the Groningen gymnasium, until in 1912 he published his \"Beiträge zur lateinischen Syntax\".", "Dali's Mustache __knowledge__ Dali's Mustache (American English: ) is an absurdist humorous book by the surrealist artist Salvador Dalí (1904–1989) and his friend, the photographer Philippe Halsman (1906–1979).", "Dali's Mustache __knowledge__ The first edition was published in October 1954 in New York; slightly modified French editions followed in the 1980s and 1990s.", "Dali's Mustache __knowledge__ The book is subtitled \"A Photographic Interview\".", "Dali's Mustache __knowledge__ On one page a short question is addressed to Dalí, which the artist answers at the bottom of the following page.", "Dali's Mustache __knowledge__ An additional, corresponding black and white photograph by Halsman – absurd, ironic or self-ironic portraits of Dalí with very different uses of his iconic mustache – complements the answer, usually with an absurd aspect.", "Modern schools of ninjutsu __knowledge__ Modern schools of ninjutsu are schools which offer instruction in martial arts.", "Modern schools of ninjutsu __knowledge__ To a larger or smaller degree, the curriculum is derived from the practice of ninjutsu, the arts of the ninja; covert agents or assassins of feudal Japan.", "Modern schools of ninjutsu __knowledge__ One of the earliest modern schools to be established was the Bujinkan Organization in 1978 by martial artist Masaaki Hatsumi.", "Modern schools of ninjutsu __knowledge__ The organization teaches nine different martial arts styles, three of which are named after and claim to be descended from historical ninjutsu styles.", "Modern schools of ninjutsu __knowledge__ Stephen K. Hayes, an early student of Shoto Tanemura and later Hatsumi, took what he learned to the United States in the 1970s, starting his own group of organizations called Quest Centers and his own martial arts style, To-Shin Do.", "Jay Della Valle __knowledge__ Jay Della Valle (born August 19, 1979) best known for his documentary \"The Glorious Mustache Challenge\", and for his role as Sue in the Independent Feature Film, \"Mount Joy\"- is an American filmmaker, recording artist, singer and songwriter.", "Jay Della Valle __knowledge__ Della Valle was born in Hackensack, New Jersey.", "Jay Della Valle __knowledge__ He is of Italian, Irish, and Czech ancestry.", "Jay Della Valle __knowledge__ He grew up in Wayne, New Jersey and attended Wayne Valley High School.", "Jay Della Valle __knowledge__ Della Valle currently resides in Montreal, Canada.", "Jay Della Valle __knowledge__ While attending New York University, Della Valle played with various bands including The Offbeats and Sex With Strangers.", "Jay Della Valle __knowledge__ After graduating from NYU in 2001 with a degree from the Gallatin School of Individualized Study, Della Valle recorded an independent EP called \"Best Years\" with bandmate Jon Crane and producer Chris \"Gibby\" Gibson (Quicksand, Rival Schools).", "Mustache March __knowledge__ Mustache March is an annual event occurring in the month of March, where men in the United States Air Force grow mustaches to honor Air Force legend Robin Olds.", "Mustache March __knowledge__ The idea stems from an early Air Force tradition in which members of the U.S. Air Force would grow mustaches in good-natured protest against facial hair regulations during the month of March.", "Mustache March __knowledge__ The act of growing a mustache as a gesture of defiance against dogmatic leadership is attributed to U.S. Air Force triple-ace Robin Olds who grew an extravagantly waxed handlebar mustache which did not comply with U.S. Air Force regulations.", "Mustache March __knowledge__ Aside from being a triple ace, Robin Olds was known for the extravagantly waxed (and decidedly non-regulation) handlebar mustache he sported in Vietnam." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moustache __knowledge__ A moustache (; , ) is facial hair grown on the upper lip.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Moustaches can be groomed by trimming and styling with a type of pomade called moustache wax.", "Moustache __knowledge__ The word \"moustache\" is French, and is derived from the Italian \"moustacio\" (fourteenth century), dialectal \"mostaccio\" (16th century), from Medieval Latin \"moustaccium\" (eighth century), Medieval Greek μοστάκιον (\"moustakion\"), attested in the ninth century, which ultimately originates as a diminutive of Hellenistic Greek μύσταξ (\"mustax\", \"mustak-\"), meaning \"upper lip\" or \"facial hair\", probably derived from Hellenistic Greek μύλλον (\"mullon\"), \"lip\".", "Moustache __knowledge__ Shaving with stone razors was technologically possible from Neolithic times.", "Moustache __knowledge__ A mustache is depicted on a statue of the 4th Dynasty Egyptian prince Rahotep (c. 2550 BC).", "Moustache __knowledge__ Another ancient portrait showing a shaved man with a moustache is an ancient Iranian (Scythian) horseman from 300 BC.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Various cultures have developed different associations with moustaches.", "Moustache __knowledge__ For example, in many 20th-century Arab countries, moustaches are associated with power, beards with Islamic traditionalism, and lack of facial hair with more liberal, secular tendencies.", "Moustache __knowledge__ In Islam, trimming the moustache is considered to be a sunnah and mustahabb, that is, a way of life that is recommended, especially among Sunni Muslims.", "Sarah Trimmer __knowledge__ Sarah Trimmer (\"née\" Kirby; 6 January 1741 – 15 December 1810) was a writer and critic of 18th-century British children's literature, as well as an educational reformer.", "Sarah Trimmer __knowledge__ Her periodical, \"The Guardian of Education\", helped to define the emerging genre by seriously reviewing children's literature for the first time; it also provided the first history of children's literature, establishing a canon of the early landmarks of the genre that scholars still use today.", "Sarah Trimmer __knowledge__ Trimmer's most popular children's book, \"Fabulous Histories\", inspired numerous children's animal stories and remained in print for over a century.", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair.", "The Guardian of Education __knowledge__ The Guardian of Education was the first successful periodical dedicated to reviewing children's literature in Britain.", "The Guardian of Education __knowledge__ It was edited by 18th-century educationalist, children's author, and Sunday school advocate Sarah Trimmer and was published from June 1802 until September 1806 by J. Hatchard and F. C. and J. Rivington.", "The Guardian of Education __knowledge__ The journal offered child-rearing advice and assessments of contemporary educational theories, and Trimmer even proffered her own educational theory after evaluating the major works of the day.", "The Guardian of Education __knowledge__ Fearing the influence of French Revolutionary ideals, particularly those of philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Trimmer emphasized orthodox Anglicanism and encouraged the perpetuation of the contemporary social and political order.", "Shaving __knowledge__ Shaving is the removal of hair, by using a razor or any other kind of bladed implement, to slice it down—to the level of the skin or otherwise.", "Shaving __knowledge__ Shaving is most commonly practiced by men to remove their facial hair and by women to remove their leg and underarm hair.", "Shaving __knowledge__ A man is called \"clean-shaven\" if he has had his beard entirely removed.", "Shaving __knowledge__ Both men and women sometimes shave their chest hair, abdominal hair, leg hair, underarm hair, pubic hair, or any other body hair.", "Shaving __knowledge__ Head shaving is much more common among men.", "Shaving __knowledge__ It is often associated with religious practice, the armed forces and some competitive sports such as swimming, running and extreme sports.", "Modern schools of ninjutsu __knowledge__ Modern schools of ninjutsu are schools which offer instruction in martial arts.", "Modern schools of ninjutsu __knowledge__ To a larger or smaller degree, the curriculum is derived from the practice of ninjutsu, the arts of the ninja; covert agents or assassins of feudal Japan.", "Modern schools of ninjutsu __knowledge__ One of the earliest modern schools to be established was the Bujinkan Organization in 1978 by martial artist Masaaki Hatsumi.", "Modern schools of ninjutsu __knowledge__ The organization teaches nine different martial arts styles, three of which are named after and claim to be descended from historical ninjutsu styles.", "Modern schools of ninjutsu __knowledge__ Stephen K. Hayes, an early student of Shoto Tanemura and later Hatsumi, took what he learned to the United States in the 1970s, starting his own group of organizations called Quest Centers and his own martial arts style, To-Shin Do.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Facial hair in the military has been at various times common, prohibited, or an integral part of the uniform.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In the armed forces (and police) of India, Sikhs are allowed to wear full beards as their religion expressly requires followers to do so.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ However, they are specifically required to \"dress up their hair and beard properly\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In fact, in Sikh-only units there are instances of personnel transferred out by the unit Commander for their refusal to wear beard and hair as required by Sikh religion, although no official regulation exists on this.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Non-Sikh personnel are allowed to grow whiskers and moustaches, with the only regulation being that \"will be of moderate length\".", "String trimmer __knowledge__ A string trimmer, also called a \"weed-whip\", \"whipper-snipper\", \"weed-whacker\", a \"weed eater\", a \"line trimmer\" (in Australia) or a \"strimmer\" (in the UK and Ireland), is a tool which uses a flexible monofilament line instead of a blade for cutting grass and other plants near objects, or on steep or irregular terrain.", "String trimmer __knowledge__ It consists of a cutting tip at the end of a long shaft with a handle.", "String trimmer __knowledge__ The string trimmer was invented in the early 1970s by George Ballas of Houston, Texas, who conceived the idea while watching the revolving action of the cleaning brushes in an automatic car wash. His first trimmer was made by attaching pieces of heavy-duty fishing line to a popcorn can bolted to an edger.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ Moustache wax is a stiff pomade applied to a moustache as a grooming aid to hold the hairs in place, especially at the extremities.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ The required product strength (or stiffness) is based on whisker length and the desired style.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ It can also have restorative properties, which become more important as the hair length increases.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ The wax is usually scented and sometimes pigmented with dyes; high end products utilize various combinations of iron oxide to create darker shades.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ Generally less than a fingernail of wax is used when applied.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ More sophisticated recipes may include gum arabic and a soap, scent and colouring may also be added if desired, to either strengthen the hold or for comfort.", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ The moustache cup (or mustache cup) is a drinking cup with a semicircular ledge inside.", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ The ledge has a half moon-shaped opening to allow the passage of liquids and serves as a guard to keep moustaches dry.", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ It is generally acknowledged to have been invented in the 1860s by British potter Harvey Adams (born 1835).", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ Moustaches flourished throughout the Victorian era.", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ In fact, from 1860 to 1916, the British military actually required all of its soldiers to sport a moustache for the authority it imparted to the moustachioed man.", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ Often, moustache wax was applied to the moustache to keep it stiff, with every hair in place.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ A handlebar moustache is a moustache with particularly lengthy and upwardly curved extremities; a shorter version is named the petit handlebar.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ These moustache styles are named for their resemblance to the handlebars of a bicycle.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ It is also known as a spaghetti moustache, because of its stereotypical association with Italian men.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ The Handlebar Club humorously describes the style as \"a hirsute appendage of the upper lip and with graspable extremities\".", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ Similar styles of moustache are quite ancient, appearing on statues and other depictions of Iron Age Celts.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ In the United States, handlebar moustaches were worn in the later part of the 19th century by Wild West figures like Wyatt Earp.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ Beeswax (cera alba) is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus \"Apis\".", "Beeswax __knowledge__ The wax is formed into \"scales\" by eight wax-producing glands in the abdominal segments of worker bees, who discard it in or at the hive.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ The hive workers collect and use it to form cells for honey-storage and larval and pupal protection within the beehive.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ Chemically, beeswax consists mainly of esters of fatty acids and various long-chain alcohols.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ Beeswax has long-standing applications in human food and flavoring.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ For example, it is used as a glazing agent, a sweetener, or as a light/heat source.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ It is edible, in the sense of having similar negligible toxicity to plant waxes, and is approved for food use in most countries and the European Union under the E number E901.", "Moustache (dog) __knowledge__ Moustache, sometimes abbreviated to Mous, (September 1799 – 11 March 1812) was a French poodle who is reputed to have played a part in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.", "Moustache (dog) __knowledge__ His story is recounted in many publications but may be partly fictionalised.", "Moustache (dog) __knowledge__ Moustache is said to have been born in Falaise, Normandy, France in 1799 and to have joined a grenadier regiment at Caen.", "Moustache (dog) __knowledge__ He followed the regiment through the Italian Campaign of the Revolutionary Wars and is said to have alerted the regiment to a surprise night attack by Austrian forces.", "Moustache (dog) __knowledge__ He is reported to have been present at the Battle of Marengo, during which he lost an ear, and with a cuirassier regiment at the Battle of Austerlitz.", "Petroleum jelly __knowledge__ Petroleum jelly, petrolatum, white petrolatum, soft paraffin/paraffin wax or multi-hydrocarbon, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25), originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties.", "Petroleum jelly __knowledge__ After petroleum jelly became a medicine chest staple, consumers began to use it for many ailments, as well as cosmetic purposes, including toenail fungus, genital rashes (non-STD), nosebleeds, diaper rash, and chest colds.", "Petroleum jelly __knowledge__ Its folkloric medicinal value as a \"cure-all\" has since been limited by better scientific understanding of appropriate and inappropriate uses." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moustache __knowledge__ A moustache (; , ) is facial hair grown on the upper lip.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Moustaches can be groomed by trimming and styling with a type of pomade called moustache wax.", "Moustache __knowledge__ The word \"moustache\" is French, and is derived from the Italian \"moustacio\" (fourteenth century), dialectal \"mostaccio\" (16th century), from Medieval Latin \"moustaccium\" (eighth century), Medieval Greek μοστάκιον (\"moustakion\"), attested in the ninth century, which ultimately originates as a diminutive of Hellenistic Greek μύσταξ (\"mustax\", \"mustak-\"), meaning \"upper lip\" or \"facial hair\", probably derived from Hellenistic Greek μύλλον (\"mullon\"), \"lip\".", "Moustache __knowledge__ Shaving with stone razors was technologically possible from Neolithic times.", "Moustache __knowledge__ A mustache is depicted on a statue of the 4th Dynasty Egyptian prince Rahotep (c. 2550 BC).", "Moustache __knowledge__ Another ancient portrait showing a shaved man with a moustache is an ancient Iranian (Scythian) horseman from 300 BC.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Various cultures have developed different associations with moustaches.", "Moustache __knowledge__ For example, in many 20th-century Arab countries, moustaches are associated with power, beards with Islamic traditionalism, and lack of facial hair with more liberal, secular tendencies.", "Moustache __knowledge__ In Islam, trimming the moustache is considered to be a sunnah and mustahabb, that is, a way of life that is recommended, especially among Sunni Muslims.", "Cannabis cultivation __knowledge__ This article presents common techniques and facts regarding the cultivation of the flowering plant \"Cannabis\", primarily for the production and consumption of cannabis flowers (\"buds\").", "Cannabis cultivation __knowledge__ Cultivation techniques for other purposes (such as hemp production) differ.", "Cannabis cultivation __knowledge__ Cannabis belongs to the genus \"Cannabis\" in the family Cannabaceae and may include three species, \"C. sativa\", \"C. indica\", and \"C. ruderalis\", (APG II system) or one variable species.", "Cannabis cultivation __knowledge__ It is typically a dioecious (each individual is either male or female) annual plant (life period: April–September).", "Cannabis cultivation __knowledge__ \"C. sativa\" and \"C. indica\" generally grow tall (some varieties reach 4 metres, or 13 feet) and their females start the production of flowers rich in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (up to 29% by weight) as the season changes from summer to autumn.", "Gratuity __knowledge__ A gratuity (also called a tip) is a sum of money customarily given by a client or customer to a service worker, in addition to the basic price.", "Gratuity __knowledge__ Tipping is commonly given to certain service sector workers for a service performed or anticipated, as opposed to money offered for a product or as part of a purchase price.", "Gratuity __knowledge__ Depending on the country or location, it may or may not be customary to tip servers in bars and restaurants, taxi drivers, hair stylists and so on.", "Gratuity __knowledge__ The exchange is typically irreversible; differentiating it from the reward mechanism of a placed order, which can be refunded.", "Gratuity __knowledge__ Tips and their amount are a matter of social custom and etiquette, and the custom varies between countries and settings.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "Mausala Parva __knowledge__ Mausala Parva (), or the \"Book of Clubs\", is the sixteenth of eighteen books of the Indian epic \"Mahabharata\".", "Mausala Parva __knowledge__ It has 9 chapters.", "Mausala Parva __knowledge__ It is one of three shortest books in the Mahabharata.", "Mausala Parva __knowledge__ Mausala Parva describes the demise of Krishna in the 36th year after the Kurukshetra war had ended, the submersion of Dwaraka under sea, death of Balarama by drowning in the sea, Vasudeva's death, and an internecine fight among the race of Yadavas that kills them all.", "Mausala Parva __knowledge__ The story of complete extermination of the Yadavas becomes the reason why Yudhishthira and all the Pandava brothers renounce their kingdom and begin their walk towards heaven, events recited in the last two books of the Mahabharata.", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ Steve Borden (born March 20, 1959), better known by the ring name Sting, is an American retired professional wrestler, actor, author and former bodybuilder.", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ He is currently signed with WWE under a Legends contract.", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ Sting is known for his time spent as the public face of two major professional wrestling promotions: the now-defunct World Championship Wrestling (WCW), which displaced the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) as the leading professional wrestling organization in the United States from 1995 to 1998, and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ Borden is regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time, having cultivated a legacy over a career spanning more than three decades in which he held 15 world championships.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the television series \"Weeds\".", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ Nancy Botwin, née Price (Mary-Louise Parker, leading character)—also known as Lacey LaPlante (season two) and Nathalie Newman (season six)—was a PTA soccer mom until her husband, Judah, suddenly died of a heart attack.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ To maintain the upper middle-class lifestyle to which she was accustomed in the fictional town of Agrestic, Nancy entered the world of marijuana dealing.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ At the start, her regular clients include her accountant, her lawyer, and fellow suburban friends.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ However, as she expands and fights for survival, she is confronted with the violent realities of her business as she jockeys against competitors, gangs, and drug lords.", "Bicycle handlebar __knowledge__ A bicycle handlebar or bicycle handlebars is the steering control for bicycles; it is the equivalent of a steering wheel for vehicles and vessels.", "Bicycle handlebar __knowledge__ Besides steering, handlebars also often support a portion of the rider's weight, depending on their riding position, and provide a convenient mounting place for brake levers, shift levers, cyclocomputers, bells, etc.", "Bicycle handlebar __knowledge__ Handlebars are attached to a bike's stem which in turn attaches to the fork.", "Bicycle handlebar __knowledge__ The dandy horse, or draisienne, invented by Karl von Drais and the first vehicle with two wheels arranged in tandem, was controlled by a bar connected to the front steering mechanism and held by the riders' two hands.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ A handlebar moustache is a moustache with particularly lengthy and upwardly curved extremities; a shorter version is named the petit handlebar.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ These moustache styles are named for their resemblance to the handlebars of a bicycle.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ It is also known as a spaghetti moustache, because of its stereotypical association with Italian men.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ The Handlebar Club humorously describes the style as \"a hirsute appendage of the upper lip and with graspable extremities\".", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ Similar styles of moustache are quite ancient, appearing on statues and other depictions of Iron Age Celts.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ In the United States, handlebar moustaches were worn in the later part of the 19th century by Wild West figures like Wyatt Earp.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics is the science of the motion of bicycles and motorcycles and their components, due to the forces acting on them.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Dynamics falls under a branch of physics known as classical mechanics.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Bike motions of interest include balancing, steering, braking, accelerating, suspension activation, and vibration.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ The study of these motions began in the late 19th century and continues today.", "Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics __knowledge__ Bicycles and motorcycles are both single-track vehicles and so their motions have many fundamental attributes in common and are fundamentally different from and more difficult to study than other wheeled vehicles such as dicycles, tricycles, and quadracycles.", "Bicycle brake __knowledge__ A bicycle brake reduces the speed of a bicycle or prevents it from moving.", "Bicycle brake __knowledge__ The three main types are: rim brakes, disc brakes, and drum brakes.", "Bicycle brake __knowledge__ There have been various types of brakes used throughout history, and several are still in use today.", "Bicycle brake __knowledge__ Most bicycle brake systems consist of three main components: a mechanism for the rider to apply the brakes, such as brake levers or pedals; a mechanism for transmitting that signal, such as Bowden cables, hydraulic hoses, rods, or the bicycle chain; and the brake mechanism itself, a caliper or drum, to press two or more surfaces together in order to convert, via friction, kinetic energy of the bike and rider into thermal energy to be dissipated.", "City bicycle __knowledge__ A city bicycle, urban bicycle, European city bike (ECB), classic bike or simply city-bike, is a bicycle designed for frequent short, moderately paced rides through relatively flat urban areas.", "City bicycle __knowledge__ It is a form of utility bicycle commonly seen around the world, built to facilitate everyday riding in normal clothes in a variety of weather conditions.", "City bicycle __knowledge__ Generally as they are more suitable for urban environments, they focus more on comfort and practicality instead of speed or efficiency.", "City bicycle __knowledge__ They normally have a slightly curved, roughly planar aligned and elevated handlebar, providing users an upright sitting position.", "Renthal __knowledge__ Renthal is a UK manufacturer and designer of motorcycle accessories, including handlebars, chainwheels, grips and other items for the off-road, street, and ATV markets.", "Renthal __knowledge__ Honda, Kawasaki, KTM, and Suzuki specify Renthal handlebars as standard for their performance off-road motorcycles.", "Renthal __knowledge__ Renthal's manufacturing and engineering facility is located in Bredbury, near Manchester in England.", "Renthal __knowledge__ Renthal was formed in 1969 by friends and motorcycle enthusiasts Andrew Renshaw and Henry Rosenthal, who are today the company's Technical and Commercial Director respectively.", "Renthal __knowledge__ The company name is a portmanteau of the founders' names Renshaw and Rosenthal.", "Stem (bicycle part) __knowledge__ The stem is the component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the steerer tube of the bicycle fork.", "Stem (bicycle part) __knowledge__ Sometimes called a \"goose neck\", a stem's design belongs to either a \"quill\" or \"threadless\" system, and each system is compatible with respective headset and fork designs: Somewhat counterintuitively, the term \"threadless\" derives not from whether the stem itself is threaded, but from whether a headset lock nut threads onto the fork steer tube.", "Stem (bicycle part) __knowledge__ Quill stems require a threaded headset of specific length for each bicycle model.", "Stem (bicycle part) __knowledge__ Threadless stems require an unthreaded steerer tube, which may vary in length for each bicycle model." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moustache __knowledge__ A moustache (; , ) is facial hair grown on the upper lip.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Moustaches can be groomed by trimming and styling with a type of pomade called moustache wax.", "Moustache __knowledge__ The word \"moustache\" is French, and is derived from the Italian \"moustacio\" (fourteenth century), dialectal \"mostaccio\" (16th century), from Medieval Latin \"moustaccium\" (eighth century), Medieval Greek μοστάκιον (\"moustakion\"), attested in the ninth century, which ultimately originates as a diminutive of Hellenistic Greek μύσταξ (\"mustax\", \"mustak-\"), meaning \"upper lip\" or \"facial hair\", probably derived from Hellenistic Greek μύλλον (\"mullon\"), \"lip\".", "Moustache __knowledge__ Shaving with stone razors was technologically possible from Neolithic times.", "Moustache __knowledge__ A mustache is depicted on a statue of the 4th Dynasty Egyptian prince Rahotep (c. 2550 BC).", "Moustache __knowledge__ Another ancient portrait showing a shaved man with a moustache is an ancient Iranian (Scythian) horseman from 300 BC.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Various cultures have developed different associations with moustaches.", "Moustache __knowledge__ For example, in many 20th-century Arab countries, moustaches are associated with power, beards with Islamic traditionalism, and lack of facial hair with more liberal, secular tendencies.", "Moustache __knowledge__ In Islam, trimming the moustache is considered to be a sunnah and mustahabb, that is, a way of life that is recommended, especially among Sunni Muslims.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Facial hair in the military has been at various times common, prohibited, or an integral part of the uniform.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In the armed forces (and police) of India, Sikhs are allowed to wear full beards as their religion expressly requires followers to do so.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ However, they are specifically required to \"dress up their hair and beard properly\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In fact, in Sikh-only units there are instances of personnel transferred out by the unit Commander for their refusal to wear beard and hair as required by Sikh religion, although no official regulation exists on this.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Non-Sikh personnel are allowed to grow whiskers and moustaches, with the only regulation being that \"will be of moderate length\".", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair.", "Fancy Crane __knowledge__ Fancy Crane is a fictional character on the NBC/DirecTV soap opera \"Passions\" and is portrayed by actress Emily Harper from the May 13, 2005 episode through the series finale.", "Fancy Crane __knowledge__ Following her debut, Fancy quickly becomes one of the soap's lead heroines — Harper appears in 209 out of the 254 episodes that aired in 2006, a feat surpassed only by Lindsay Hartley (Theresa).", "Fancy Crane __knowledge__ Introduced in the May 13, 2005 episode alongside fellow Harmonyite Noah Bennett in Las Vegas, Fancy is quickly characterized as a vain, spoiled celebutante comparable to Paris Hilton and is soon revealed to be one of the frequently mentioned but heretofore unseen daughters of Julian and Ivy Crane; she is also established to be the favorite granddaughter of billionaire villain Alistair Crane and is later revealed to be the sole heiress to his empire.", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Religious symbolism in the United States military includes the use of religious symbols for military chaplain insignia, uniforms, emblems, flags, and chapels; symbolic gestures, actions, and words used in military rituals and ceremonies; and religious symbols or designations used in areas such as headstones and markers in national cemeteries, and military ID tags (\"dog tags\").", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Symbolism sometimes includes specific images included or excluded because of religious reasons, choices involving colors with religious significance, and \"religious accommodation\" policies regarding the wear of \"religious apparel\" and \"grooming\" (such as \"unshorn\" hair and beards worn for religious reasons) with military uniforms.", "Luis Lopez-Fitzgerald __knowledge__ Luis Lopez-Fitzgerald is a fictional character on the NBC/DirecTV soap opera \"Passions\", portrayed from 1999 to 2008 by original cast member Galen Gering.", "Luis Lopez-Fitzgerald __knowledge__ Debuting in the series' premiere episode, Luis is introduced as an honest, hard-working Irish-Mexican police officer who bitterly blames the wealthy Crane family for his father and elder brother's disappearances.", "Luis Lopez-Fitzgerald __knowledge__ Luis is forced to re-examine his prejudice against the Cranes, however, when he falls in love with the beautiful but willful Sheridan Crane.", "Luis Lopez-Fitzgerald __knowledge__ Luis and Sheridan's love-hate relationship made the pairing one of the soap's leading supercouples, along with Ethan Winthrop and Theresa Lopez-Fitzgerald, early in its run.", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ The Beards are an Australian comedy folk rock band which formed in 2005.", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group play music based on the virtues of having a beard.", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ Forming in 2005 in Adelaide, South Australia, to play a one off show, The Beards rose in popularity and soon found they had developed a local cult following with the release of their first album \"The Beards\" in July 2007.", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ The band followed this up by being selected to play the Adelaide Big Day Out in 2008 & 2009.", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ During this period, The Beards were highly active in the Adelaide music scene, but largely unknown outside of their hometown.", "The Beards (Australian band) __knowledge__ In 2009 the band released its follow-up album, \"Beards Beards Beards\", and a music video to the song \"If Your Dad Doesn't Have a Beard, You've Got Two Mums\", which received positive acclamations and garnered them increased interest online, as well as airtime on Australian music video program Rage.", "Beard Liberation Front __knowledge__ The Beard Liberation Front (BLF) is a British interest group which campaigns in support of beards and opposes pogonophobic discrimination against those who wear them.", "Beard Liberation Front __knowledge__ It was founded in 1995 by socialist historian Keith Flett who continues to organise and represent the organisation.", "Beard Liberation Front __knowledge__ Apart from its numerous campaigns in support of beards and against pogonophobia in the workplace and discrimination against those who wear beards as part of their religion, it currently hosts the annual Beard of the Year award.", "Beard Liberation Front __knowledge__ On the face of it, the campaign is semi-humorous, with its outwardly frivolous aims, its occasionally outlandish claims of discrimination and conspiracy, and its founder, who is also the spokesman for the Campaign for Real Conkers.", "Upwardly Global __knowledge__ Upwardly Global is a 501c3 non-profit organization, based in San Francisco with an additional office in New York and Chicago that helps immigrant, refugee and asylee professionals rebuild their careers in the United States.", "Upwardly Global __knowledge__ The number of college-educated immigrants to the US grew from to 5,821,690 to 7,800,043 (a growth rate of 34%) between 2000 and 2005 .", "Upwardly Global __knowledge__ At the same time, the foreign born population of the United States increased from 30,760,065 to 35,689,842 (a growth rate of 16%).", "Upwardly Global __knowledge__ However, even with more education than the majority of immigrants and extensive job experience, these immigrants still have tremendous difficulty finding jobs in their career fields.", "Phragmoceratidae __knowledge__ The Phragmoceratidae is a family of extinct nautiloid cephalopods from the Order Discosorida that lived during the latter part of the Silurian.", "Phragmoceratidae __knowledge__ Phragmoceratids are characterized by generally compressed, upwardly curved endogastric shells with slit-like apertures for egress and ventral siphuncles with broadly expanded segments, thick connecting rings, and small to vestigial bulletts.", "Phragmoceratidae __knowledge__ Phragmoceratids are morphologically similar in regards to their constricted apertures to the more cylindrical and orthoconic Mandaloceratidae, also discosorids, and to the oncocerid Hemiphragmoceratidae (Sweet 1964); both which also come from the Silurian.", "Brevicoceras __knowledge__ Brevicoceras is an extinct nautiloid genus from the order Oncocerida with wide distribution in the Middle Devonian in Eastern North America, Russia and Morocco.", "Brevicoceras __knowledge__ Nautiloids form a broad group of shelled cephalopods that were once diverse and numerous but are now represented by only a handful of species in two genera.", "Brevicoceras __knowledge__ Brevicoceras was named by Flower in 1938. and is the type genus for the Brevicoceratidae.", "Brevicoceras __knowledge__ \"Brevicoceras\" produced short, breviconic, shells in which the venral side of the phragmocone, or chamered part, is longitudinally convex in profile and the opposite dorsal side concave, resulting in their being exograstric - i.e.", "Idmonarachne __knowledge__ Idmonarachne is an extinct genus of arachnids, containing one species, Idmonarachne brasieri.", "Idmonarachne __knowledge__ It is related to uraraneids and spiders.", "Idmonarachne __knowledge__ A fossil assigned to this genus was found at Montceau-les-Mines, France, in ironstone concretion deposits of Late Carboniferous (Stephanian) age, about 305–299 million years old.", "Idmonarachne __knowledge__ Montceau fossils are generally preserved in such a way that fine details can be observed and three-dimensional analysis is possible.", "Idmonarachne __knowledge__ In the case of \"Idmonarachne\", computerized tomography was used to construct a \"virtual fossil\".", "Idmonarachne __knowledge__ The total body length of the fossil is around 10.5 mm, with the preserved part of the carapace of the cephalothorax about 5 mm long and the opisthosoma (abdomen) about 6 mm long.", "Bathmoceras __knowledge__ Bathmoceras is a primitive cephalopod genus from the Middle and Upper Ordovician, type for the family Bathmoceratidae, order Ellesmerocerida.", "Bathmoceras __knowledge__ Furnish and Glenister, 1964 include \"Eothinceras\" in the Bathmoceratidae along with \"Bathmoceras\".", "Bathmoceras __knowledge__ Flower, 1964, separates the two genera into their respective families which he included in his suborder, Cyrtoceritina At one time Bathmoceras was thought to have possibly given rise to Polydesmia, once thought to have been the ancestral actinocerid.", "Bathmoceras __knowledge__ Since then revision of actinocerid phylogeny and of Ordovician stratigraphy in east Asia have cast doubts on this hypothesis.", "Bathmoceratidae __knowledge__ Bathmoceratidae is a family of ellesmerocerid nautiloids containing rather large straight or faintly exogastric (upwardly curved) shells and rather large ventral siphuncles with long septal necks and connecting rings that thicken inwardly into lobes that extend forward for the length of two or three chambers.", "Bathmoceratidae __knowledge__ The family was established to contain the genus \"Bathmoceras\" which is defined by the characters ascribed to the family.", "Bathmoceratidae __knowledge__ \"Eothinoceras\", sometimes included does not belong.", "Antaeotricha ocellifer __knowledge__ Antaeotricha ocellifer is a moth in the Depressariidae family.", "Antaeotricha ocellifer __knowledge__ It was described by Lord Walsingham in 1912.", "Antaeotricha ocellifer __knowledge__ It is found in Mexico (Durango), Costa Rica and Guatemala.", "Antaeotricha ocellifer __knowledge__ The wingspan is 20-21.", "Antaeotricha ocellifer __knowledge__ The forewings are white, with a dark olive-brown spot in the fold at about one-fourth.", "Antaeotricha ocellifer __knowledge__ A strong bronzy olive ocelloid dorsal spot with white centre at one-third and a sagittate dorsal spot of the same colour at two-thirds, there is also a faint indication of an olivaceous spot a little beyond the end of the cell, preceded by another near its upper angle, and two or three within the margin near the apex of the wing, these are all very faint." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moustache __knowledge__ A moustache (; , ) is facial hair grown on the upper lip.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Moustaches can be groomed by trimming and styling with a type of pomade called moustache wax.", "Moustache __knowledge__ The word \"moustache\" is French, and is derived from the Italian \"moustacio\" (fourteenth century), dialectal \"mostaccio\" (16th century), from Medieval Latin \"moustaccium\" (eighth century), Medieval Greek μοστάκιον (\"moustakion\"), attested in the ninth century, which ultimately originates as a diminutive of Hellenistic Greek μύσταξ (\"mustax\", \"mustak-\"), meaning \"upper lip\" or \"facial hair\", probably derived from Hellenistic Greek μύλλον (\"mullon\"), \"lip\".", "Moustache __knowledge__ Shaving with stone razors was technologically possible from Neolithic times.", "Moustache __knowledge__ A mustache is depicted on a statue of the 4th Dynasty Egyptian prince Rahotep (c. 2550 BC).", "Moustache __knowledge__ Another ancient portrait showing a shaved man with a moustache is an ancient Iranian (Scythian) horseman from 300 BC.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Various cultures have developed different associations with moustaches.", "Moustache __knowledge__ For example, in many 20th-century Arab countries, moustaches are associated with power, beards with Islamic traditionalism, and lack of facial hair with more liberal, secular tendencies.", "Moustache __knowledge__ In Islam, trimming the moustache is considered to be a sunnah and mustahabb, that is, a way of life that is recommended, especially among Sunni Muslims.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Facial hair in the military has been at various times common, prohibited, or an integral part of the uniform.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In the armed forces (and police) of India, Sikhs are allowed to wear full beards as their religion expressly requires followers to do so.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ However, they are specifically required to \"dress up their hair and beard properly\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In fact, in Sikh-only units there are instances of personnel transferred out by the unit Commander for their refusal to wear beard and hair as required by Sikh religion, although no official regulation exists on this.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Non-Sikh personnel are allowed to grow whiskers and moustaches, with the only regulation being that \"will be of moderate length\".", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair.", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Religious symbolism in the United States military includes the use of religious symbols for military chaplain insignia, uniforms, emblems, flags, and chapels; symbolic gestures, actions, and words used in military rituals and ceremonies; and religious symbols or designations used in areas such as headstones and markers in national cemeteries, and military ID tags (\"dog tags\").", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Symbolism sometimes includes specific images included or excluded because of religious reasons, choices involving colors with religious significance, and \"religious accommodation\" policies regarding the wear of \"religious apparel\" and \"grooming\" (such as \"unshorn\" hair and beards worn for religious reasons) with military uniforms.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Dali's Mustache __knowledge__ Dali's Mustache (American English: ) is an absurdist humorous book by the surrealist artist Salvador Dalí (1904–1989) and his friend, the photographer Philippe Halsman (1906–1979).", "Dali's Mustache __knowledge__ The first edition was published in October 1954 in New York; slightly modified French editions followed in the 1980s and 1990s.", "Dali's Mustache __knowledge__ The book is subtitled \"A Photographic Interview\".", "Dali's Mustache __knowledge__ On one page a short question is addressed to Dalí, which the artist answers at the bottom of the following page.", "Dali's Mustache __knowledge__ An additional, corresponding black and white photograph by Halsman – absurd, ironic or self-ironic portraits of Dalí with very different uses of his iconic mustache – complements the answer, usually with an absurd aspect.", "The Mustache Gang __knowledge__ The Mustache Gang, a term coined for the 1972 Oakland Athletic's baseball team, a team that broke the traditionally conservative baseball views by sporting mustaches.", "The Mustache Gang __knowledge__ Prior to the 1970s there had only been two baseball players who had facial hair during the regular season: Stanley \"Frenchy\" Bordagaray of the Brooklyn Dodgers, who was then ordered to shave by his manager, and Wally Schang of the Philadelphia A's.", "The Mustache Gang __knowledge__ This changed when the A's outfielder, Reggie Jackson, showed up to spring training with a fully grown mustache which would later be thought of as the catalyst that sparked the move away from the conservative baseball era.", "Traditionalism (Spain) __knowledge__ Traditionalism () is a Spanish political doctrine, formulated in the early 19th century and developed until today.", "Traditionalism (Spain) __knowledge__ It understands politics as implementing the social reign of Jesus Christ.", "Traditionalism (Spain) __knowledge__ In practical terms it advocates a loosely organized monarchy combined with strong royal powers, with some checks and balances provided by organicist representation, and with society structured on a corporative basis.", "Traditionalism (Spain) __knowledge__ Traditionalism is an ultra-reactionary doctrine; it rejects concepts such as democracy, human rights, constitution, universal suffrage, sovereignty of the people, division of powers, religious liberty, freedom of speech, equality of individuals, parliamentarism and so on.", "Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries __knowledge__ The Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries, or Jewish exodus from Arab countries, was the departure, flight, expulsion, evacuation and migration of 850,000 Jews, primarily of Sephardi and Mizrahi background, from Arab and Muslim countries, mainly from 1948 to the early 1970s.", "Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries __knowledge__ The last major migration wave took place from Iran in 1979–80, as a consequence of the Islamic Revolution.", "Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries __knowledge__ A number of small-scale Jewish exoduses began in many Middle Eastern countries early in the 20th century with the only substantial aliyah coming from Yemen and Syria.", "Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries __knowledge__ Prior to the creation of Israel in 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews were living in lands that now make up the Arab world.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Arabs __knowledge__ Arabs (; , ) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.", "Arabs __knowledge__ They primarily live in the Arab states in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa and western Indian Ocean islands.", "Arabs __knowledge__ They also form a significant diaspora, with Arab communities established around the world.", "Arabs __knowledge__ The Arabs are first mentioned in the mid-ninth century BC as tribal people in eastern and southern Syria, and the north of the Arabian Peninsula.", "Arabs __knowledge__ The Arabs appear to have been under the vassalage of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–612 BC), and the succeeding Neo-Babylonian (626–539 BC), Achaemenid (539–332 BC), Seleucid and Parthian empires." ] ]

[ 2, 54, 48, 8, 9 ]

[ "Yes, do you use moustache wax?", "I like the handlebar moustache, named after handlebars on bikes, the best.", "Not sure but it needs to be long and upwardly curved at the ends.", "Well, many 20th century Arab countries associate beards with traditionalism and moustaches with power. I agree that Moustaches look more powerful", "Islam considers trimming ones moustache a recommended way of life" ]

[ "Moustache", "Moustache", "Moustache", "Moustache", "Moustache" ]

[ "Country music", "Who is your favorite Country artist?", "Why do most country music singers hire other people to write songs for them?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American country singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \"American Idol\", in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" and \"Before He Cheats\", it became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history and the best-selling country album of the last 14 years.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist.", "People's Choice Award for Favorite Country Artist __knowledge__ The People Choice Awards for Favorite Country Artist has been awarded since 2010.The category was split by Favorite Male Country Artist, Favorite Female Country Artist and Favorite Country Group in 2015.", "People's Choice Award for Favorite Country Artist __knowledge__ The all-time winner in this category is Taylor Swift with 4 wins.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ Reba Nell McEntire (born March 28, 1955) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She began her career in the music industry as a high school student singing in the Kiowa High School band, on local radio shows with her siblings, and at rodeos.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ While a sophomore in college, she performed the National Anthem at the National Rodeo in Oklahoma City and caught the attention of country artist Red Steagall who brought her to Nashville, Tennessee.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She signed a contract with Mercury Records a year later in 1975.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She released her first solo album in 1977 and released five additional studio albums under the label until 1983.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Connie Smith (born Constance June Meador; August 14, 1941) is an American country music artist.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Active since 1964, Smith is widely considered to be one of the genre's best female vocalists.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ She has earned 11 Grammy award nominations, 20 top ten \"Billboard\" country singles, and 31 charting albums, three of which have hit number one.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ On October 21, 2012, Smith became the 12th solo female vocalist and 19th woman to be elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Smith has an estimated net worth of $18 million.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Despite her success, Smith is considered by some music critics to be one of the most underrated vocalists in country music history due to the decision not to pursue super stardom with the non-country general media market like such contemporaries as Loretta Lynn, Dolly Parton, and Tammy Wynette.", "Loretta Lynn __knowledge__ Loretta Lynn (née Webb; born April 14, 1932) is an American country music singer-songwriter with multiple gold albums in a career spanning almost 60 years.", "Loretta Lynn __knowledge__ She is famous for hits such as \"You Ain't Woman Enough (To Take My Man)\", \"Don't Come Home A' Drinkin' (With Lovin' on Your Mind)\", \"One's on the Way\", \"Fist City\", and \"Coal Miner's Daughter\" along with the 1980 biographical film of the same name.", "Loretta Lynn __knowledge__ Lynn has received numerous awards and other accolades for her groundbreaking role in country music, including awards from both the Country Music Association and Academy of Country Music as a duet partner and an individual artist.", "List of awards and nominations received by Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has received many awards and nominations for her work across music, film, television and fashion.", "List of awards and nominations received by Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ She has released thus far five studio albums and one greatest hits collection – \"Some Hearts\", \"Carnival Ride\", \"Play On\", \"Blown Away\", \"\", and \"Storyteller\".", "List of awards and nominations received by Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Among over 160 worldwide awards, Underwood has won seven Grammy Awards and became, in 2007, only the second Country artist in history to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist.", "List of awards and nominations received by Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ The Academy of Country Music Awards is an annual country music awards show, the first ever created, established in 1964.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Culture of the Southern United States __knowledge__ The culture of the Southern United States, or Southern culture, is a subculture of the United States.", "Culture of the Southern United States __knowledge__ The combination of its unique history and the fact that many Southerners maintain—and even nurture—an identity separate from the rest of the country has led to its being the most studied and written-about region of the U.S. Southern culture has been and remains generally more socially conservative than that of the rest of the country.", "Culture of the Southern United States __knowledge__ Because of the central role of agriculture in the antebellum economy, society remained stratified according to land ownership, and communities often developed strong attachment to their churches as the primary community institution.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is seen by many as 'America's classical music'.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression.", "Jazz __knowledge__ It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's culture of popular music first developed in the mid-1950s.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By the early 1960s the city's music scene had emerged as one of the largest and most vibrant in the country; a \"seething cauldron of musical activity\", with over 500 bands constantly exchanging members and performing regularly across a well-developed network of venues and promoters.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By 1963 the city's music was also already becoming recognised for what would become its defining characteristic: the refusal of its musicians to conform to any single style or genre.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's tradition of combining a highly collaborative culture with an open acceptance of individualism and experimentation dates back as far back as the 18th century, and musically this has expressed itself in the wide variety of music produced within the city, often by closely related groups of musicians, from the \"rampant eclecticism\" of the Brum beat era, to the city's \"infamously fragmented\" post-punk scene, to the \"astonishing range\" of distinctive and radical electronic music produced in the city from the 1980s to the early 21st century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques.", "Singing __knowledge__ A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.)", "Singing __knowledge__ that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singers may perform as soloists or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band.", "Arts in Australia __knowledge__ The Arts in Australia refers to the art produced in the area of, on the subject of, or by the people of the Commonwealth of Australia and its preceding Indigenous and colonial societies.", "Arts in Australia __knowledge__ Indigenous Australian art, music and story telling attaches to a 40–60,000-year heritage and continues to affect the broader arts and culture of Australia.", "Arts in Australia __knowledge__ During its early western history, Australia was a collection of British colonies, therefore, its literary, visual and theatrical traditions began with strong links to the broader traditions of English and Irish literature, British art and English and Celtic music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Roger Miller __knowledge__ Roger Dean Miller, Sr. (January 2, 1936 – October 25, 1992) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor, best known for his honky-tonk-influenced novelty songs.", "Roger Miller __knowledge__ His most recognized tunes included the chart-topping country and pop hits \"King of the Road\", \"Dang Me\", and \"England Swings\", all from the mid-1960s Nashville sound era.", "Roger Miller __knowledge__ After growing up in Oklahoma and serving in the United States Army, Miller began his musical career as a songwriter in the late 1950s, writing such hits as \"Billy Bayou\" and \"Home\" for Jim Reeves and \"Invitation to the Blues\" for Ray Price.", "Roger Miller __knowledge__ He later began a recording career and reached the peak of his fame in the mid-1960s, continuing to record and tour into the 1990s, charting his final top 20 country hit \"Old Friends\" with Willie Nelson in 1982.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival.", "Folk music __knowledge__ The term originated in the 19th century, but is often applied to music older than that.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Some types of folk music are also called world music.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, or music performed by custom over a long period of time.", "Folk music __knowledge__ It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Starting in the mid-20th century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music.", "Folk music __knowledge__ This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ The music of Italy ranges across a broad spectrum of opera and instrumental classical music and a body of popular music drawn from both native and imported sources.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Music has traditionally been one of the cultural markers of Italian national and ethnic identity and holds an important position in society and in politics.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Italian innovation in musical scales, harmony, notation, and theatre enabled the development of opera in the late 16th century, and much of modern European classical music, such as the symphony and concerto.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Instrumental and vocal classical music is an iconic part of Italian identity, spanning experimental art music and international fusions to symphonic music and opera.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The folk music of England is tradition-based music, which has existed since the later medieval period.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It is often contrasted with courtly, classical and later commercial music.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ Folk music has been preserved and transmitted orally, through print and later through recordings.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The term is used to refer to English traditional music and music composed, or delivered, in a traditional style.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ English folk music has produced or contributed to several important musical genres, including sea shanties, jigs, hornpipes and dance music, such as that used for Morris dancing.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It can be seen as having distinct regional and local variations in content and style, particularly in areas more removed from the cultural and political centres of the English state, as in Northumbria, or the West Country.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 5 ]

[ "Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States ", "Don't really have one, Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies ", "That is most of their way. According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s" ]

[ "Country music", "Country music", "Country music" ]

[ "Long hair\nI have always had long natural hair but it is super thick which becomes a hassle at times.", "I don't think it depends on your culture length in hair is just considered long, I am African American and my hair is in the middle of my back. ", "When was this site originated and is the review good I would have to check it out it may be a style I would like on there. ", "Nature is very popular in our culture right now it is a chemical free way to keep our hair healthy and to resort back to our roots of naturalism. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Long hair __knowledge__ Long hair is a hairstyle where the head hair is allowed to grow to considerable length.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Exactly what constitutes long hair can change from culture to culture, or even within cultures.", "Long hair __knowledge__ For example, a woman with chin-length hair in some cultures may be said to have short hair, while a man with the same length of hair in some of the same cultures would be said to have long hair.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Males having short, cut hair are in many cultures viewed as being under society's control, such as while in the military or prison or as punishment for a crime.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Long lustrous female hair is generally rated attractive by both men and women across cultures.", "Long hair __knowledge__ The prevalence of trichophilia (hair partialism or fetishism) is 7% in the population, and very long hair is a common subject of devotion in this group.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Humans, horses, and orangutans are among the few species that may grow their head hair very long.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Humans are believed to have lost their fur 2.5–3 million years ago as hominids when transitioning from a forest habitat to the open savanna, as an effect of natural selection, since this development made it possible to run fast and hunt animals close to the equator without getting overheated.", "Long hair __knowledge__ An exception was however head hair, which was kept to provide thermal insulation of the scalp from the sun, to protect against ultra-violet radiation exposure, and also to provide cooling (when sweat evaporates from soaked hair).", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ Afro-textured hair is the natural hair texture of certain populations in Africa, the African diaspora, Oceania and Asia.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ Each strand of this hair type grows in a tiny, spring-like helix shape.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ The overall effect is such that, compared to straight, wavy or curly hair, afro-textured hair appears denser.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ In many post-Columbian, Western societies, adjectives such as \"wooly\", \"kinky\", \"nappy\", or \"spiralled\" have frequently been used to describe natural afro-textured hair.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ More recently, however, it has become common in some circles to apply numerical grading systems to human hair types.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ One popular version of these systems classifies afro-textured hair as 'type 4' (straight hair is type 1, wavy type 2, and curly is type 3, with the letters A, B, and C used to indicate the degree of coil variation within each type), with the subcategory of type 4C being most exemplary of this hair type (Walker, 1997).", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ Artificial hair integrations, more commonly known as hair extensions or hair weaves, add length and/or fullness to human hair.", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ Hair extensions are usually clipped on to other hair by incorporating additional human or synthetic hair.", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ Natural human hair can be permed, dyed, and flat ironed whereas synthetic hair cannot.", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ The methods include tape in extensions, clip in or clip on extensions, fusion method, weaving method, and wigs.", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ A hair weave is human or artificial hair utilized for the integration with one's natural hair.", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ Weaves can alter one's appearance for long or short periods of time by adding further hair to one's natural hair or by covering the natural hair all together with human or synthetic hairpieces.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ African American hair and African American hairstyles are the diverse ways that African American men and women style their hair.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ Because many black people have hair that is thick with tighter and smaller curls than people of other races, unique hair styles have developed.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ In addition to this, many black hairstyles have historical connections to African cultures.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ Since the beginning of African civilizations, hairstyles have been used to convey messages to greater society.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ As early as the 15th century, different styles could \"indicate a person's marital status, age, religion, ethnic identity, wealth and rank within the community.\"", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the hair color.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ The main reasons for this are cosmetic: to cover gray or white hair, to change to a color regarded as more fashionable or desirable, to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring can be done professionally by a hairdresser or independently at home.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Today, hair coloring is very popular, with 75% of women and 18% of men living in Copenhagen having reported using hair dye according to a study by the University of Copenhagen.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ At home coloring in the United States reached $1.9 billion in 2011 and is expected to raise to $2.2 billion by 2016.", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ The natural hair movement is a movement which encourages women of African descent to keep their natural afro-textured hair.", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ Born in the USA during the 2000s, this movement is named \"\" in French-speaking countries.", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ The movement designates black women ( and black men) who wear afro-textured hair in its natural, coiled or curly state (as well as those who do not chemically straighten their hair but may still choose to wear it straight).", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ The word \"\"nappy\"\" has been subjected to denigration since the Atlantic slave trade.", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ Thereafter, some Afrodescendants have positively taken the word back, considered in francophone countries as a backronym made up of \"\"natural\"\" and \"\"happy.\"\"", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Discrimination based on hair texture is a form of injustice resulting in human beings being treated differently based on the stigma attached to hair texture in society.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Hair texture varies from straight hair to the curlier, kinkier hair.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Curly hair also has its own variation ranging from very loose curls to the very tightly packed afro textured hair.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Straight hair enjoys a higher prestige and is more widely accepted in both professional settings and everyday settings.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ This social stigma attached to having curly hair has created an entire economy around hair care products and treatments to straighten hair." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Long hair __knowledge__ Long hair is a hairstyle where the head hair is allowed to grow to considerable length.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Exactly what constitutes long hair can change from culture to culture, or even within cultures.", "Long hair __knowledge__ For example, a woman with chin-length hair in some cultures may be said to have short hair, while a man with the same length of hair in some of the same cultures would be said to have long hair.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Males having short, cut hair are in many cultures viewed as being under society's control, such as while in the military or prison or as punishment for a crime.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Long lustrous female hair is generally rated attractive by both men and women across cultures.", "Long hair __knowledge__ The prevalence of trichophilia (hair partialism or fetishism) is 7% in the population, and very long hair is a common subject of devotion in this group.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Humans, horses, and orangutans are among the few species that may grow their head hair very long.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Humans are believed to have lost their fur 2.5–3 million years ago as hominids when transitioning from a forest habitat to the open savanna, as an effect of natural selection, since this development made it possible to run fast and hunt animals close to the equator without getting overheated.", "Long hair __knowledge__ An exception was however head hair, which was kept to provide thermal insulation of the scalp from the sun, to protect against ultra-violet radiation exposure, and also to provide cooling (when sweat evaporates from soaked hair).", "African-American culture __knowledge__ African-American culture, also known as Black-American culture, refers to the cultural contributions of African Americans to the culture of the United States, either as part of or distinct from mainstream American culture.", "African-American culture __knowledge__ The distinct identity of African-American culture is rooted in the historical experience of the African-American people, including the Middle Passage.", "African-American culture __knowledge__ The culture is both distinct and enormously influential on American culture as a whole.", "African-American culture __knowledge__ African-American culture is primarily rooted in West and Central Africa.", "African-American culture __knowledge__ Understanding its identity within the culture of the United States it is, in the anthropological sense, conscious of its origins as largely a blend of West and Central African cultures.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ A hairstyle, hairdo, or haircut refers to the styling of hair, usually on the human scalp.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ Sometimes, this could also mean an editing of facial or body hair.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of personal grooming, fashion, and cosmetics, although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ The oldest known depiction of hair braiding dates back about 30,000 years.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ In ancient civilizations, women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ In Imperial Rome, women wore their hair in complicated styles.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ From the time of the Roman Empire until the Middle Ages, most women grew their hair as long as it would naturally grow.", "Blackfoot Confederacy __knowledge__ The Blackfoot Confederacy, Niitsitapi or Siksikaitsitapi (ᖹᐟᒧᐧᒣᑯ, meaning \"the people\" or \"Blackfoot-speaking real people\") is a historic collective name for the four bands that make up the Blackfoot or Blackfeet people: three First Nation band governments in the provinces of Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia, and one Native American tribe in Montana, United States.", "Blackfoot Confederacy __knowledge__ The Siksika (\"Blackfoot\"), the Kainai or Kainah (\"Blood\"), and the Northern Piegan or Peigan or Piikani (\"Apa’tosee\" or \"Poor Robes\") reside in Canada; the Southern Piegan/Piegan Blackfeet (\"Amskapi Piikani\" or Pikuni) are located in the United States, where they are also known as the Blackfeet Nation.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical is a rock musical with a book and lyrics by James Rado and Gerome Ragni and music by Galt MacDermot.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ A product of the hippie counterculture and sexual revolution of the late 1960s, several of its songs became anthems of the anti-Vietnam War peace movement.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical's profanity, its depiction of the use of illegal drugs, its treatment of sexuality, its irreverence for the American flag, and its nude scene caused much comment and controversy.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical broke new ground in musical theatre by defining the genre of \"rock musical\", using a racially integrated cast, and inviting the audience onstage for a \"Be-In\" finale.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ African American hair and African American hairstyles are the diverse ways that African American men and women style their hair.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ Because many black people have hair that is thick with tighter and smaller curls than people of other races, unique hair styles have developed.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ In addition to this, many black hairstyles have historical connections to African cultures.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ Since the beginning of African civilizations, hairstyles have been used to convey messages to greater society.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ As early as the 15th century, different styles could \"indicate a person's marital status, age, religion, ethnic identity, wealth and rank within the community.\"", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ Afro-textured hair is the natural hair texture of certain populations in Africa, the African diaspora, Oceania and Asia.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ Each strand of this hair type grows in a tiny, spring-like helix shape.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ The overall effect is such that, compared to straight, wavy or curly hair, afro-textured hair appears denser.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ In many post-Columbian, Western societies, adjectives such as \"wooly\", \"kinky\", \"nappy\", or \"spiralled\" have frequently been used to describe natural afro-textured hair.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ More recently, however, it has become common in some circles to apply numerical grading systems to human hair types.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ One popular version of these systems classifies afro-textured hair as 'type 4' (straight hair is type 1, wavy type 2, and curly is type 3, with the letters A, B, and C used to indicate the degree of coil variation within each type), with the subcategory of type 4C being most exemplary of this hair type (Walker, 1997).", "Hair __knowledge__ Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis.", "Hair __knowledge__ Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.", "Hair __knowledge__ The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair.", "Hair __knowledge__ Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.", "Hair __knowledge__ Attitudes towards different hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, sex, or religion.", "School uniforms by country __knowledge__ School uniform or school uniforms is a practice which dates to the 16th century in the United Kingdom.", "School uniforms by country __knowledge__ It is believed that the Christ Hospital School in London in 1552 was the first school to use a school uniform.", "School uniforms by country __knowledge__ The earliest documented proof of institutionalised use of a standard academic dress dates back to 1222 when the then Archbishop of Canterbury ordered the wearing of the cappa clausa about 800 years ago.", "School uniforms by country __knowledge__ The practice of having school uniform has been adopted by other countries, and is now common in many parts of the world.", "School uniforms by country __knowledge__ Uniforms can be regarded as promoting social equality among students and school-pride, but the practice has also been criticised for promoting a form of uniformity characteristic of militarism.", "Long hair in Singapore __knowledge__ A ban on long hair once existed in Singapore.", "Long hair in Singapore __knowledge__ In the 1960s, a Singapore government policy forbidding any male to sport long hair went into effect.", "Long hair in Singapore __knowledge__ This was in response to the growing popularity of the hippie subculture worldwide; the government deemed such an influence to be negative and detrimental to the country's development.", "Long hair in Singapore __knowledge__ The consequences for defying the long hair ban varied from getting fined to having one's hair being forcefully cut short.", "Long hair in Singapore __knowledge__ Additionally, it was ordered by the government that long-haired males be given the lowest priority when it came to requesting for help at government facilities.", "Black Girl With Long Hair __knowledge__ Black Girl with Long Hair is a website for African-American women.", "Black Girl With Long Hair __knowledge__ The website covers styling, hair care, culture, fashion, and hair growth.", "Black Girl With Long Hair __knowledge__ According to the website, the goal is dedicated to the ever-growing community of black and bi-racial women who choose to wear their hair naturally – with no use of chemicals and minimal use of heat, weave or extensions.", "Black Girl With Long Hair __knowledge__ The topics the website discusses range from regimen for natural, to celebrities, and to point- of-view pieces addressing current issues in the African-American community.", "Black Girl With Long Hair __knowledge__ While celebrating black beauty, Black Girl with Long Hair tackle issues concerning beauty norms.", "Hair removal __knowledge__ Hair removal, also known as epilation or \"de\"pilation, is the deliberate removal of body hair.", "Hair removal __knowledge__ Hair typically grows all over the human body.", "Hair removal __knowledge__ Hair can become more visible during and after puberty and men tend to have thicker, more visible body hair than women.", "Hair removal __knowledge__ Both men and women have visible hair on the head, eyebrows, eyelashes, armpits, pubic region, arms, and legs; men and some women also have thicker hair on their face, abdomen, back and chest.", "Hair removal __knowledge__ Hair does not generally grow on the lips, the underside of the hands or feet or on certain areas of the genitalia.", "Hair removal __knowledge__ Forms of hair removal are practised for various and mostly cultural, sexual, medical or religious reasons." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Long hair __knowledge__ Long hair is a hairstyle where the head hair is allowed to grow to considerable length.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Exactly what constitutes long hair can change from culture to culture, or even within cultures.", "Long hair __knowledge__ For example, a woman with chin-length hair in some cultures may be said to have short hair, while a man with the same length of hair in some of the same cultures would be said to have long hair.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Males having short, cut hair are in many cultures viewed as being under society's control, such as while in the military or prison or as punishment for a crime.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Long lustrous female hair is generally rated attractive by both men and women across cultures.", "Long hair __knowledge__ The prevalence of trichophilia (hair partialism or fetishism) is 7% in the population, and very long hair is a common subject of devotion in this group.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Humans, horses, and orangutans are among the few species that may grow their head hair very long.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Humans are believed to have lost their fur 2.5–3 million years ago as hominids when transitioning from a forest habitat to the open savanna, as an effect of natural selection, since this development made it possible to run fast and hunt animals close to the equator without getting overheated.", "Long hair __knowledge__ An exception was however head hair, which was kept to provide thermal insulation of the scalp from the sun, to protect against ultra-violet radiation exposure, and also to provide cooling (when sweat evaporates from soaked hair).", "Facheiroa ulei __knowledge__ Facheiroa ulei is a species of plant in the Cactaceae family.", "Facheiroa ulei __knowledge__ It is endemic to Brazil, and occurs in northern Bahia east of the San Francisco River, at elevations of 400 to 950 m. Its natural habitats are rocky areas and hot tropic desert scrub.", "Annie Laurie __knowledge__ \"Annie Laurie\" is an old Scottish song based on a poem said to have been written by William Douglas (1682?–1748) of Dumfries and Galloway, about his romance with Annie Laurie (1682—1764).", "Annie Laurie __knowledge__ The words were modified and the tune was added by Alicia Scott in 1834/5.", "Annie Laurie __knowledge__ The song is also known as \"Maxwelton Braes\".", "Annie Laurie __knowledge__ William Douglas became a soldier in the Royal Scots and fought in Germany and Spain and rose to the rank of captain.", "Annie Laurie __knowledge__ He also fought at least two duels.", "Annie Laurie __knowledge__ He returned to his estate at Fingland in 1694.", "Annie Laurie __knowledge__ Annie Laurie was born Anna, on 16 December 1682, about 6 o'clock in the morning at Barjarg Tower, in Keir, near Auldgirth, Scotland, the youngest daughter of Robert Laurie, who became first baronet of Maxwellton in 1685.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Mayo Foundation for Medical Education &amp; Research v. United States __knowledge__ Mayo Foundation v. United States, 562 U.S. 44 (2011), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld a Treasury Department regulation on the grounds that the courts should defer to government agencies in tax cases in absence of an unreasonable decision on the part of the agency.", "Mayo Foundation for Medical Education &amp; Research v. United States __knowledge__ Under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA), students and their educational employers are exempted from paying Social Security taxes.", "Mayo Foundation for Medical Education &amp; Research v. United States __knowledge__ The Treasury Department issued a regulation in 2004, declaring those who worked more than 40 hours a week were ineligible for such an exemption.", "Mayo Foundation for Medical Education &amp; Research v. United States __knowledge__ The Mayo Foundation filed suit to challenge the regulation and for a refund of the taxes it had paid on its medical residents—recently graduated physicians who work more than full-time providing patient care, but who are still considered trainees by the medical profession.", "Fairness Foundation __knowledge__ The Fairness Foundation is a non-commercial limited company based in Frankfurt, Germany.", "Fairness Foundation __knowledge__ It strives to establish fairness in society, economy, politics and culture.", "Fairness Foundation __knowledge__ It imparts to people in responsible positions some background information and help to support them in preserving fairness in their companies or institutions.", "Fairness Foundation __knowledge__ The Fairness Foundation supplies staff in responsible positions with perspectives and results from research, and it also offers qualification courses regarding fairness.", "Fairness Foundation __knowledge__ The Fairness Foundation was established in May 2000 by .", "Fairness Foundation __knowledge__ He had a background of twenty years' experience as a consultant of executives and organisations.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Good Game is an Australian television gaming programme produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), which aired on ABC2.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Created by Janet Carr, Jeremy Ray and Michael Makowski.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show began in 2006 and includes a mix of gaming news, reviews, and features.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The original hosts were Jeremy \"Junglist\" Ray and Michael \"Kapowski\" Makowski; the latter was replaced by Steven \"Bajo\" O'Donnell in 2007, and the former was replaced by Stephanie \"Hex\" Bendixsen in 2009.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Other on screen presenters included field reporter Gus \"Goose\" Ronald and Dave Callan.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show is named after the friendly phrase gamers traditionally say after completing a competitive match.", "Foursquare __knowledge__ Foursquare is a local search-and-discovery service mobile app which provides search results for its users.", "Foursquare __knowledge__ The app provides personalized recommendations of places to go to near a user's current location based on users' \"previous browsing history, purchases, or check-in history\".", "Foursquare __knowledge__ The service was created in late 2008 and launched in 2009 by Dennis Crowley and Naveen Selvadurai.", "Foursquare __knowledge__ Crowley had previously founded the similar project Dodgeball as his graduate thesis project in the Interactive Telecommunications Program (ITP) at New York University.", "Foursquare __knowledge__ Google bought Dodgeball in 2005 and shut it down in 2009, replacing it with Google Latitude.", "Black Girl With Long Hair __knowledge__ Black Girl with Long Hair is a website for African-American women.", "Black Girl With Long Hair __knowledge__ The website covers styling, hair care, culture, fashion, and hair growth.", "Black Girl With Long Hair __knowledge__ According to the website, the goal is dedicated to the ever-growing community of black and bi-racial women who choose to wear their hair naturally – with no use of chemicals and minimal use of heat, weave or extensions.", "Black Girl With Long Hair __knowledge__ The topics the website discusses range from regimen for natural, to celebrities, and to point- of-view pieces addressing current issues in the African-American community.", "Black Girl With Long Hair __knowledge__ While celebrating black beauty, Black Girl with Long Hair tackle issues concerning beauty norms.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ Afro-textured hair is the natural hair texture of certain populations in Africa, the African diaspora, Oceania and Asia.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ Each strand of this hair type grows in a tiny, spring-like helix shape.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ The overall effect is such that, compared to straight, wavy or curly hair, afro-textured hair appears denser.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ In many post-Columbian, Western societies, adjectives such as \"wooly\", \"kinky\", \"nappy\", or \"spiralled\" have frequently been used to describe natural afro-textured hair.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ More recently, however, it has become common in some circles to apply numerical grading systems to human hair types.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ One popular version of these systems classifies afro-textured hair as 'type 4' (straight hair is type 1, wavy type 2, and curly is type 3, with the letters A, B, and C used to indicate the degree of coil variation within each type), with the subcategory of type 4C being most exemplary of this hair type (Walker, 1997).", "Hair __knowledge__ Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis.", "Hair __knowledge__ Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.", "Hair __knowledge__ The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair.", "Hair __knowledge__ Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.", "Hair __knowledge__ Attitudes towards different hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, sex, or religion.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Discrimination based on hair texture is a form of injustice resulting in human beings being treated differently based on the stigma attached to hair texture in society.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Hair texture varies from straight hair to the curlier, kinkier hair.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Curly hair also has its own variation ranging from very loose curls to the very tightly packed afro textured hair.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Straight hair enjoys a higher prestige and is more widely accepted in both professional settings and everyday settings.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ This social stigma attached to having curly hair has created an entire economy around hair care products and treatments to straighten hair.", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ The natural hair movement is a movement which encourages women of African descent to keep their natural afro-textured hair.", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ Born in the USA during the 2000s, this movement is named \"\" in French-speaking countries.", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ The movement designates black women ( and black men) who wear afro-textured hair in its natural, coiled or curly state (as well as those who do not chemically straighten their hair but may still choose to wear it straight).", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ The word \"\"nappy\"\" has been subjected to denigration since the Atlantic slave trade.", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ Thereafter, some Afrodescendants have positively taken the word back, considered in francophone countries as a backronym made up of \"\"natural\"\" and \"\"happy.\"\"", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ A hairstyle, hairdo, or haircut refers to the styling of hair, usually on the human scalp.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ Sometimes, this could also mean an editing of facial or body hair.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of personal grooming, fashion, and cosmetics, although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ The oldest known depiction of hair braiding dates back about 30,000 years.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ In ancient civilizations, women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ In Imperial Rome, women wore their hair in complicated styles.", "Hairstyle __knowledge__ From the time of the Roman Empire until the Middle Ages, most women grew their hair as long as it would naturally grow." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Long hair __knowledge__ Long hair is a hairstyle where the head hair is allowed to grow to considerable length.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Exactly what constitutes long hair can change from culture to culture, or even within cultures.", "Long hair __knowledge__ For example, a woman with chin-length hair in some cultures may be said to have short hair, while a man with the same length of hair in some of the same cultures would be said to have long hair.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Males having short, cut hair are in many cultures viewed as being under society's control, such as while in the military or prison or as punishment for a crime.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Long lustrous female hair is generally rated attractive by both men and women across cultures.", "Long hair __knowledge__ The prevalence of trichophilia (hair partialism or fetishism) is 7% in the population, and very long hair is a common subject of devotion in this group.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Humans, horses, and orangutans are among the few species that may grow their head hair very long.", "Long hair __knowledge__ Humans are believed to have lost their fur 2.5–3 million years ago as hominids when transitioning from a forest habitat to the open savanna, as an effect of natural selection, since this development made it possible to run fast and hunt animals close to the equator without getting overheated.", "Long hair __knowledge__ An exception was however head hair, which was kept to provide thermal insulation of the scalp from the sun, to protect against ultra-violet radiation exposure, and also to provide cooling (when sweat evaporates from soaked hair).", "Metaphysical naturalism __knowledge__ Metaphysical naturalism, also called ontological naturalism, philosophical naturalism, and scientific materialism is a philosophical worldview, which holds that there is nothing but natural elements, principles, and relations of the kind studied by the natural sciences.", "Metaphysical naturalism __knowledge__ Methodological naturalism is a philosophical basis for science, for which metaphysical naturalism provides only one possible ontological foundation.", "Metaphysical naturalism __knowledge__ Broadly, the corresponding theological perspective is religious naturalism or spiritual naturalism.", "Metaphysical naturalism __knowledge__ More specifically, metaphysical naturalism rejects the supernatural concepts and explanations that are part of many religions.", "Naturalism (philosophy) __knowledge__ In philosophy, naturalism is the \"idea or belief that only natural (as opposed to supernatural or spiritual) laws and forces operate in the world.\"", "Naturalism (philosophy) __knowledge__ Adherents of naturalism (i.e., naturalists) assert that natural laws are the rules that govern the structure and behavior of the natural universe, that the changing universe at every stage is a product of these laws.", "Naturalism (philosophy) __knowledge__ \"Naturalism can intuitively be separated into an ontological and a methodological component.\"", "Naturalism (philosophy) __knowledge__ \"Ontological\" refers to the philosophical study of the nature of reality.", "Naturalism (philosophy) __knowledge__ Some philosophers equate naturalism with materialism.", "Naturalism (philosophy) __knowledge__ For example, philosopher Paul Kurtz argues that nature is best accounted for by reference to material principles.", "Endocrine disruptor __knowledge__ Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (or hormone) systems at certain doses.", "Endocrine disruptor __knowledge__ These disruptions can cause cancerous tumors, birth defects, and other developmental disorders.", "Endocrine disruptor __knowledge__ Any system in the body controlled by hormones can be derailed by hormone disruptors.", "Endocrine disruptor __knowledge__ Specifically, endocrine disruptors may be associated with the development of learning disabilities, severe attention deficit disorder, cognitive and brain development problems; deformations of the body (including limbs); breast cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid and other cancers; sexual development problems such as feminizing of males or masculinizing effects on females, etc.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical is a rock musical with a book and lyrics by James Rado and Gerome Ragni and music by Galt MacDermot.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ A product of the hippie counterculture and sexual revolution of the late 1960s, several of its songs became anthems of the anti-Vietnam War peace movement.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical's profanity, its depiction of the use of illegal drugs, its treatment of sexuality, its irreverence for the American flag, and its nude scene caused much comment and controversy.", "Hair (musical) __knowledge__ The musical broke new ground in musical theatre by defining the genre of \"rock musical\", using a racially integrated cast, and inviting the audience onstage for a \"Be-In\" finale.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care is an overall term for hygiene and cosmetology involving the hair which grows from the human scalp, and to a lesser extent facial, pubic and other body hair.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care routines differ according to an individual's culture and the physical characteristics of one's hair.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair may be colored, trimmed, shaved, plucked, or otherwise removed with treatments such as waxing, sugaring, and threading.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Hair care services are offered in salons, barbershops, and day spas, and products are available commercially for home use.", "Hair care __knowledge__ Laser hair removal and electrolysis are also available, though these are provided (in the US) by licensed professionals in medical offices or speciality spas.", "Chemical free __knowledge__ Chemical free or chemical-free is a term used in marketing to imply that a product is safe, healthy or environmentally friendly because it only contains natural ingredients.", "Chemical free __knowledge__ From a chemist's perspective, the term is a misnomer, as all substances and objects are composed entirely of chemicals and energy.", "Chemical free __knowledge__ The term \"chemical\" is roughly a synonym for matter, and all substances, such as water and air, are chemicals.", "Chemical free __knowledge__ This use of the term \"chemical free\" in advertising to indicate that a product is free of synthetic chemicals, and the tolerance of its use in this fashion by the United Kingdom's Advertising Standards Authority has been the subject of criticism.", "Spiritual naturalism __knowledge__ Spiritual naturalism, or naturalistic spirituality, is the umbrella term for a variety of philosophical and religious worldviews that try to synthesize mundane and spiritual ways of looking at the world.", "Spiritual naturalism __knowledge__ Book searches for the two find no usage for naturalistic spirituality before 1956 whereas spiritual naturalism may have first been proposed by Joris-Karl Huysmans in 1895 in his book \"En Route\" – \"\"In 'En Route' Huysmans started upon the creation of what he called 'Spiritual Naturalism,' that is, realism applied to the story of a soul.", "Spiritual naturalism __knowledge__ ...\"\".", "Spiritual naturalism __knowledge__ Coming into prominence as a writer during the 1870s, Huysmans quickly established himself among a rising group of writers, the so-called Naturalist school, of whom Émile Zola was the acknowledged head...With Là-bas (1891), a novel which reflected the aesthetics of the spiritualist revival and the contemporary interest in the occult, Huysmans formulated for the first time an aesthetic theory which sought to synthesize the mundane and the transcendent: \"spiritual Naturalism\".", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ The natural hair movement is a movement which encourages women of African descent to keep their natural afro-textured hair.", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ Born in the USA during the 2000s, this movement is named \"\" in French-speaking countries.", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ The movement designates black women ( and black men) who wear afro-textured hair in its natural, coiled or curly state (as well as those who do not chemically straighten their hair but may still choose to wear it straight).", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ The word \"\"nappy\"\" has been subjected to denigration since the Atlantic slave trade.", "Natural hair movement __knowledge__ Thereafter, some Afrodescendants have positively taken the word back, considered in francophone countries as a backronym made up of \"\"natural\"\" and \"\"happy.\"\"", "African-American hair __knowledge__ African American hair and African American hairstyles are the diverse ways that African American men and women style their hair.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ Because many black people have hair that is thick with tighter and smaller curls than people of other races, unique hair styles have developed.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ In addition to this, many black hairstyles have historical connections to African cultures.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ Since the beginning of African civilizations, hairstyles have been used to convey messages to greater society.", "African-American hair __knowledge__ As early as the 15th century, different styles could \"indicate a person's marital status, age, religion, ethnic identity, wealth and rank within the community.\"", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ Afro-textured hair is the natural hair texture of certain populations in Africa, the African diaspora, Oceania and Asia.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ Each strand of this hair type grows in a tiny, spring-like helix shape.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ The overall effect is such that, compared to straight, wavy or curly hair, afro-textured hair appears denser.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ In many post-Columbian, Western societies, adjectives such as \"wooly\", \"kinky\", \"nappy\", or \"spiralled\" have frequently been used to describe natural afro-textured hair.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ More recently, however, it has become common in some circles to apply numerical grading systems to human hair types.", "Afro-textured hair __knowledge__ One popular version of these systems classifies afro-textured hair as 'type 4' (straight hair is type 1, wavy type 2, and curly is type 3, with the letters A, B, and C used to indicate the degree of coil variation within each type), with the subcategory of type 4C being most exemplary of this hair type (Walker, 1997).", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ Artificial hair integrations, more commonly known as hair extensions or hair weaves, add length and/or fullness to human hair.", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ Hair extensions are usually clipped on to other hair by incorporating additional human or synthetic hair.", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ Natural human hair can be permed, dyed, and flat ironed whereas synthetic hair cannot.", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ The methods include tape in extensions, clip in or clip on extensions, fusion method, weaving method, and wigs.", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ A hair weave is human or artificial hair utilized for the integration with one's natural hair.", "Artificial hair integrations __knowledge__ Weaves can alter one's appearance for long or short periods of time by adding further hair to one's natural hair or by covering the natural hair all together with human or synthetic hairpieces.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Discrimination based on hair texture is a form of injustice resulting in human beings being treated differently based on the stigma attached to hair texture in society.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Hair texture varies from straight hair to the curlier, kinkier hair.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Curly hair also has its own variation ranging from very loose curls to the very tightly packed afro textured hair.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ Straight hair enjoys a higher prestige and is more widely accepted in both professional settings and everyday settings.", "Discrimination based on hair texture __knowledge__ This social stigma attached to having curly hair has created an entire economy around hair care products and treatments to straighten hair.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the hair color.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ The main reasons for this are cosmetic: to cover gray or white hair, to change to a color regarded as more fashionable or desirable, to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring can be done professionally by a hairdresser or independently at home.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Today, hair coloring is very popular, with 75% of women and 18% of men living in Copenhagen having reported using hair dye according to a study by the University of Copenhagen.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ At home coloring in the United States reached $1.9 billion in 2011 and is expected to raise to $2.2 billion by 2016.", "Wig __knowledge__ A wig is a head covering made from human hair, animal hair, or synthetic fiber.", "Wig __knowledge__ The word wig is short for periwig and first appeared in the English language around 1675.", "Wig __knowledge__ Some people wear wigs to disguise baldness; a wig may be used as a less intrusive and less expensive alternative to medical therapies for restoring hair.", "Wig __knowledge__ In Egyptian society men and women commonly had clean shaven or close cropped hair and often wore wigs.", "Wig __knowledge__ The ancient Egyptians created the wig to shield shaved, hairless heads from the sun.", "Wig __knowledge__ They also wore the wigs on top of their hair using beeswax and resin to keep the wigs in place." ] ]

[ 2, 55, 64, 67 ]

[ "What do you consider long hair? Depending on the culture, what is considered long hair varies. ", "There is a website called Black Girl with Long Hair that is focused on styling and hair care for black hair. It might be of interest", "There is something called the natural hair movement that is dedicated to people of African descent to keep the natural hair texutre", "There is an entire industry focused on products to straighten hair. I am sure it is not good for your hair in the long run" ]

[ "Long hair", "Long hair", "Long hair", "Long hair" ]

[ "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom", "I haven't personally but I know it has a pretty big following. What is it about?", "That is good. I think it is important to let kids choose their personalities on their specific interests and not society's norms. Is the show just for kids?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ \"\" is an animated television series produced by Hasbro as part of the \"My Little Pony\" toy franchise, which is tied in with the 2010 launch of dolls and play sets, and original programming for U.S. cable channel Discovery Family (formerly Hub Network).", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Lauren Faust was selected as the creative developer and executive producer for the show, based on her previous animation experience with shows like \"The Powerpuff Girls\" and \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Under Hasbro's guidance, Faust developed the show to appeal to the target demographic of young girls and their parents, but created characters and settings that challenged formerly stereotypical norms of \"girly\" images, and added adventure and humorous elements to keep parents interested.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The show received praise from television critics and parental groups.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ It also found an unlikely audience in a large group of adult Internet users in late 2010 and early 2011, forming a subculture.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ These fans, mostly male, were drawn to the show's characters, stories, animation style, and influence of the show's propagation as an Internet meme.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The fandom adopted the name brony (plural bronies), a portmanteau of \"bro\" and \"pony\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Though initially considered to propagate the humorous and ironic concept of people enjoying a show for young girls, the fandom has shown deeper appreciation for the show far beyond this concept, and is considered part of a New Sincerity trend." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ \"\" is an animated television series produced by Hasbro as part of the \"My Little Pony\" toy franchise, which is tied in with the 2010 launch of dolls and play sets, and original programming for U.S. cable channel Discovery Family (formerly Hub Network).", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Lauren Faust was selected as the creative developer and executive producer for the show, based on her previous animation experience with shows like \"The Powerpuff Girls\" and \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Under Hasbro's guidance, Faust developed the show to appeal to the target demographic of young girls and their parents, but created characters and settings that challenged formerly stereotypical norms of \"girly\" images, and added adventure and humorous elements to keep parents interested.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The show received praise from television critics and parental groups.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ It also found an unlikely audience in a large group of adult Internet users in late 2010 and early 2011, forming a subculture.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ These fans, mostly male, were drawn to the show's characters, stories, animation style, and influence of the show's propagation as an Internet meme.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The fandom adopted the name brony (plural bronies), a portmanteau of \"bro\" and \"pony\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Though initially considered to propagate the humorous and ironic concept of people enjoying a show for young girls, the fandom has shown deeper appreciation for the show far beyond this concept, and is considered part of a New Sincerity trend.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ \"The Winds of Winter\" is the tenth and final episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the sixtieth overall.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Miguel Sapochnik.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ Cersei Lannister plots to destroy all her immediate enemies with one swift stroke; Arya Stark gets revenge; Jon Snow is declared King in the North by the lords of the Northern houses; Bran Stark learns that Jon is actually the son of Lyanna Stark; Samwell Tarly arrives at the Citadel; and Daenerys Targaryen begins heading to Westeros alongside Tyrion Lannister, her entire army, the Ironborn loyal to Yara Greyjoy, the Tyrells, the Sand Snakes, and her three dragons.", "Strange Clouds (album) __knowledge__ Strange Clouds is the second studio album by American hip hop recording artist B.o.B, released on May 1, 2012, under Grand Hustle Records, Rebel Rock Entertainment, and Atlantic Records.", "Strange Clouds (album) __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from Morgan Freeman, Taylor Swift, Lil Wayne, Chris Brown, T.I., Nicki Minaj, Ryan Tedder, Lauriana Mae, Playboy Tre, Trey Songz, Nelly and Roscoe Dash while the production was handled by Dr. Luke, Cirkut, Ryan Tedder, Lil' C, Mynority, Stargate, Frequency, Mike WiLL Made It, P-Nasty, Super Water Sympathy, Kutta, Billboard, Jamieson Jones, Jim Jonsin and B.o.B himself.", "Strange Clouds (album) __knowledge__ B.o.B first spoke of the album, back in May 2011 in an interview with MTV.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Fernando Espuelas __knowledge__ Fernando Espuelas (born August 6, 1966) is an American entrepreneur, author, media personality and philanthropist.", "Fernando Espuelas __knowledge__ Espuelas is one of the pioneers of the consumer Internet.", "Fernando Espuelas __knowledge__ He is the co-founder (along with Jack Chen) and first CEO of Starmedia, the first pan-Latin Internet portal, launched in 1996 and now part of Orange, France Telecom's Internet services company.", "Fernando Espuelas __knowledge__ Starmedia was the first venture-capital backed Latin Internet company and also the first initial public offering (IPO) in the Latin Internet industry.", "Fernando Espuelas __knowledge__ According to the Harvard Business School case \"StarMedia: Launching a Latin American Revolution\", \"by the fall of 1999,StarMedia had sprinted to a sizable lead in the race to acquire Latin American Internet users.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Pearl Jam __knowledge__ Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990.", "Pearl Jam __knowledge__ Since its inception, the band's line-up has consisted of Eddie Vedder (lead vocals), Mike McCready (lead guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar) and Jeff Ament (bass).", "Pearl Jam __knowledge__ The band's fifth member is drummer Matt Cameron (also of Soundgarden), who has been with the band since 1998.", "Pearl Jam __knowledge__ Boom Gaspar (piano) has also been a session/touring member with the band since 2002.", "Pearl Jam __knowledge__ Drummers Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain, Dave Abbruzzese and Jack Irons are former members of the band.", "Pearl Jam __knowledge__ Formed after the demise of Gossard and Ament's previous band, Mother Love Bone, Pearl Jam broke into the mainstream with its debut album, \"Ten\", in 1991.", "Wally Besser __knowledge__ Wally Besser (born January 16, 1936) is a trumpet and flugelhorn player with a large career playing with best orchestras as the Glenn Miller Orchestra, the Sammy Kaye Orchestra, or Larry Elgart.", "Wally Besser __knowledge__ He spent twenty years with Fotis Gonis Express doing the top Greek work in New York and around the country, as well as Canada and Venezuela.", "Wally Besser __knowledge__ Besser was born on January 16, 1936, in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "Wally Besser __knowledge__ He attended Douglas elementary school until he was seven years old and then his parents bought a large old house in Excelsior, Minnesota on Lake Minnetonka.", "Wally Besser __knowledge__ The family had a very large garden complete with a chicken coop, which kept his mom and children busy and helped supply them with food.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ My Little Pony is an entertainment franchise developed by Hasbro, originally as a toy line for girls.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ The first toys were developed by Bonnie Zacherle, Charles Muenchinger, and Steve D'Aguanno, and were produced in 1981.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ The ponies feature colorful bodies, manes and a unique symbol on one or both sides of their flanks.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ Such symbols are referred to in the two most recent incarnations as \"cutie marks.\"", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ My Little Pony has been revamped several times with new and more modern looks to appeal to a new market.", "My Little Pony __knowledge__ Following the original My Pretty Pony toy that was introduced in 1981, My Little Pony was launched in 1982 and the line became popular during the 1980s.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic is a children's animated fantasy television series created by Lauren Faust for Hasbro.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors as the fourth generation (\"G4\") of the franchise.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ The series premiered on October 10, 2010, on The Hub cable channel.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ Hasbro selected animator Lauren Faust as the creative director and executive producer for the show.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic __knowledge__ Faust sought to challenge the established nature of the existing My Little Pony line, creating more in-depth characters and adventurous settings; she left the series during season 2, to be replaced by Meghan McCarthy as showrunner.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ IDW Publishing, an American comic publisher which has been publishing tie-in comic books to Hasbro properties since 2005, began to publish monthly My Little Pony comics beginning in November 2012.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The comics published so far are based on the characters from the 2010 relaunch of the franchise and its \"\" television series, as well as the anthropomorphic spin-off .", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The flagship title, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, is a monthly comic book series that debuted on November 28, 2012.", "My Little Pony (IDW Publishing) __knowledge__ The series is typically written in story arcs that span either two or four issues apiece; Katie Cook and Andy Price write and illustrate the first arc, respectively, while Heather Nuhfer and Amy Mebberson perform the same on the second.", "My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film) __knowledge__ My Little Pony: The Movie is a 2017 animated musical fantasy film based on the television series \"\", which was developed as part of the 2010 re-launch of the \"My Little Pony\" franchise by Hasbro.", "My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Jayson Thiessen and based on a story and screenplay co-written by Meghan McCarthy, both \"Friendship Is Magic\" veterans.", "My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film) __knowledge__ In addition to the series' regular voice cast of Tara Strong, Ashleigh Ball, Andrea Libman, Tabitha St. Germain and Cathy Weseluck, the film also features the voices of Emily Blunt, Kristin Chenoweth, Liev Schreiber, Michael Peña, Sia, Taye Diggs, Uzo Aduba and Zoe Saldana as new characters.", "My Little Pony: The Princess Promenade __knowledge__ My Little Pony: The Princess Promenade is a 2006 direct-to-video animated musical family fantasy film produced by SD Entertainment and distributed by Paramount Home Entertainment in association with Hasbro.", "My Little Pony: The Princess Promenade __knowledge__ The film is the second feature in the third incarnation of the My Little Pony series and the first film to promote the Crystal Princess line.", "My Little Pony: The Princess Promenade __knowledge__ It featured the debut of the Breezies and the 2006 re-design of Spike the dragon, who originally featured in the first My Little Pony series from the 1980s.", "My Little Pony: The Princess Promenade __knowledge__ The film received mostly positive reviews from critics, and became the first successful My Little Pony animation to date, before the debut of \"\".", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ My Little Pony: Equestria Girls, also known as simply Equestria Girls, is a Canadian-American product line of fashion dolls and media franchise launched in 2013 by Hasbro, as a spin-off of the 2010 of the My Little Pony franchise.", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ \"Equestria Girls\" features anthropomorphized versions of \"My Little Pony\" characters from \"Friendship Is Magic\".", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ It includes various doll lines and media tie-ins (including four films, music albums, a mobile app, three TV specials, , a web series on YouTube, and two one-hour TV specials).", "My Little Pony: Equestria Girls __knowledge__ The \"Equestria Girls\" fictional universe is established as a parallel counterpart to the main world of the 2010 incarnation of My Little Pony, populated with humanoid versions of the characters from the franchise." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ \"\" is an animated television series produced by Hasbro as part of the \"My Little Pony\" toy franchise, which is tied in with the 2010 launch of dolls and play sets, and original programming for U.S. cable channel Discovery Family (formerly Hub Network).", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Lauren Faust was selected as the creative developer and executive producer for the show, based on her previous animation experience with shows like \"The Powerpuff Girls\" and \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Under Hasbro's guidance, Faust developed the show to appeal to the target demographic of young girls and their parents, but created characters and settings that challenged formerly stereotypical norms of \"girly\" images, and added adventure and humorous elements to keep parents interested.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The show received praise from television critics and parental groups.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ It also found an unlikely audience in a large group of adult Internet users in late 2010 and early 2011, forming a subculture.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ These fans, mostly male, were drawn to the show's characters, stories, animation style, and influence of the show's propagation as an Internet meme.", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ The fandom adopted the name brony (plural bronies), a portmanteau of \"bro\" and \"pony\".", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom __knowledge__ Though initially considered to propagate the humorous and ironic concept of people enjoying a show for young girls, the fandom has shown deeper appreciation for the show far beyond this concept, and is considered part of a New Sincerity trend.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Conscience __knowledge__ Conscience is an aptitude, faculty, intuition or judgment that assists in distinguishing right from wrong.", "Conscience __knowledge__ Moral judgment may derive from values or norms (principles and rules).", "Conscience __knowledge__ In psychological terms conscience is often described as leading to feelings of remorse when a human commits actions that go against his/her moral values and to feelings of rectitude or integrity when actions conform to such norms.", "Conscience __knowledge__ The extent to which conscience informs moral judgment before an action and whether such moral judgments are or should be based in reason has occasioned debate through much of the history of Western philosophy.", "Mitral insufficiency __knowledge__ Mitral insufficiency (MI), mitral regurgitation or mitral incompetence is a disorder of the heart in which the mitral valve does not close properly when the heart pumps out blood.", "Mitral insufficiency __knowledge__ It is the abnormal leaking of blood backwards from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts, i.e.", "Mitral insufficiency __knowledge__ there is regurgitation of blood back into the left atrium.", "Mitral insufficiency __knowledge__ MI is the most common form of valvular heart disease.", "Mitral insufficiency __knowledge__ The symptoms associated with MI are dependent on which phase of the disease process the individual is in.", "Mitral insufficiency __knowledge__ Individuals with acute MI are typically severely symptomatic and will have the signs and symptoms of acute decompensated congestive heart failure (i.e.", "Mitral valve prolapse __knowledge__ Mitral valve prolapse (MVP; a.k.a.", "Mitral valve prolapse __knowledge__ floppy mitral valve syndrome, systolic click murmur syndrome or billowing mitral leaflet) is a valvular heart disease characterized by the displacement of an abnormally thickened mitral valve leaflet into the left atrium during systole.", "Mitral valve prolapse __knowledge__ It is the primary form of myxomatous degeneration of the valve.", "Mitral valve prolapse __knowledge__ There are various types of MVP, broadly classified as classic and nonclassic.", "Mitral valve prolapse __knowledge__ In its nonclassic form, MVP carries a low risk of complications and often can be kept minimal by dietary attention.", "Mitral valve prolapse __knowledge__ In severe cases of classic MVP, complications include mitral regurgitation, infective endocarditis, congestive heart failure, and, in rare circumstances, cardiac arrest.", "Mitral valve repair __knowledge__ Mitral valve repair is a cardiac surgery procedure performed by cardiac surgeons to treat stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) of the mitral valve.", "Mitral valve repair __knowledge__ The mitral valve is the \"inflow valve\" for the left side of the heart.", "Mitral valve repair __knowledge__ Blood flows from the lungs, where it picks up oxygen, through the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium of the heart.", "Mitral valve repair __knowledge__ After the left atrium fills with blood, the mitral valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the heart's main pumping chamber called the left ventricle.", "Mitral valve repair __knowledge__ It then closes to keep blood from leaking back into the left atrium or lungs when the ventricle contracts (squeezes) to push blood out to the body.", "Mitral valve __knowledge__ The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve, is a valve with two flaps in the heart, that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle.", "Mitral valve __knowledge__ The mitral valve along with the tricuspid valve are known collectively as the atrioventricular valves because they lie between the atria and the ventricles of the heart.", "Mitral valve __knowledge__ In normal conditions, blood flows through an open mitral valve during diastole with contraction of the left atrium, and the mitral valve closes during systole with contraction of the left ventricle.", "Mitral valve __knowledge__ The valve opens and closes because of pressure differences, opening when there is greater pressure in the left atrium than ventricle, and closing when there is greater pressure in the ventricle than atrium.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ Media and gender refers to the relationship between media and gender, and how representations of the different genders created for and by mass media.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ Media can range from newspapers, magazines, comic strips, novels, CDs and music videos.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ These representations can influence the general public's perception of the different genders.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ It is important to continue exploring interactions of media and gender to dismiss personal choices, but to see the larger context, and potential consequences for ourselves and others.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ Advertisements and pictures in magazines carry significant messages about cultural norms and values, but also norms of gendered relations for both men and women.", "Mitral valve annuloplasty __knowledge__ Mitral valve annuloplasty is a surgical technique for the repair of leaking mitral valves.", "Mitral valve annuloplasty __knowledge__ Due to various factors, the two leaflets normally involved in sealing the mitral valve to retrograde flow may not coapt properly.", "Mitral valve annuloplasty __knowledge__ Surgical repair typically involves the implantation of a device surrounding the mitral valve, called an annuloplasty device, which pulls the leaflets together to facilitate coaptation and aids to re-establish mitral valve function.", "Mitral valve annuloplasty __knowledge__ Mitral regurgitation is the most common form of mitral valve dysfunction.", "Mitral valve annuloplasty __knowledge__ Today more than 2.5 million Americans are estimated to be affected by mitral regurgitation.", "Mitral valve stenosis __knowledge__ Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart.", "Mitral valve stenosis __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms of mitral stenosis include the following: Fatigue and weakness increase with exercise and pregnancy.", "Mitral valve stenosis __knowledge__ The natural history of mitral stenosis secondary to rheumatic fever (the most common cause) is an asymptomatic latent phase following the initial episode of rheumatic fever.", "Mitral valve stenosis __knowledge__ This latent period lasts an average of 16.3 ± 5.2 years.", "Mitral valve stenosis __knowledge__ Once symptoms of mitral stenosis begin to develop, progression to severe disability takes 9.2 ± 4.3 years.", "Mitral valve stenosis __knowledge__ In individuals having been offered mitral valve surgery but refused, \"survival\" with medical therapy alone was 44 ± 6% at 5 years, and 32 ± 8% at 10 years after they were offered correction." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4 ]

[ "I enjoy My Little Pony..Have you seen the animated tv show?", "It involves characters that challenge the \"stereotypical norms of \"girly\". It adds humor and adventure as well.", "I think it is mainly just for kids, but it has received praise from tv critics and parents!" ]

[ "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom", "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom" ]

[ "Blue Ridge Parkway", "I am not familiar with that park. I've only been to Virginia but very briefly.", "Oh ok, that sounds very refreshing and relaxing!", "I don't have a lot of mountains where I live so I love seeing them when I can." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway, which is America's longest linear park, runs for through 29 Virginia and North Carolina counties, linking Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountains National Park.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ It runs mostly along the spine of the Blue Ridge, a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Its southern terminus is at U.S. 441 on the boundary between Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Cherokee Indian Reservation in North Carolina, from which it travels north to Shenandoah National Park in Virginia.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The roadway continues through Shenandoah as Skyline Drive, a similar scenic road which is managed by a different National Park Service unit.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway has been the most visited unit of the National Park System every year since 1946 except three (1949, 2013, and 2016).", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Land on either side of the road is owned and maintained by the National Park Service, and in many places parkway land is bordered by United States Forest Service property.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway was on North Carolina's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Begun during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the project was originally called the Appalachian Scenic Highway." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway, which is America's longest linear park, runs for through 29 Virginia and North Carolina counties, linking Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountains National Park.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ It runs mostly along the spine of the Blue Ridge, a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Its southern terminus is at U.S. 441 on the boundary between Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Cherokee Indian Reservation in North Carolina, from which it travels north to Shenandoah National Park in Virginia.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The roadway continues through Shenandoah as Skyline Drive, a similar scenic road which is managed by a different National Park Service unit.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway has been the most visited unit of the National Park System every year since 1946 except three (1949, 2013, and 2016).", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Land on either side of the road is owned and maintained by the National Park Service, and in many places parkway land is bordered by United States Forest Service property.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway was on North Carolina's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Begun during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the project was originally called the Appalachian Scenic Highway.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ Richmond ( ) is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Greater Richmond Region.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ It was incorporated in 1742, and has been an independent city since 1871.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the population was 204,214; in 2016, the population was estimated to be 223,170, the fourth-most populous city in Virginia.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ The Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029, the third-most populous metro in the state.", "Richmond, Virginia __knowledge__ Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, west of Williamsburg, east of Charlottesville, and south of Washington, D.C.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia (; officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia is nicknamed the \"Old Dominion\" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America, and \"Mother of Presidents\" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision.", "Hampton Roads __knowledge__ Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water in Virginia and the surrounding metropolitan region in Southeastern Virginia and Northeastern North Carolina, United States.", "Hampton Roads __knowledge__ Comprising the Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News, VA–NC metropolitan area and an extended Combined Statistical Area that includes the Elizabeth City, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area and Kill Devil Hills, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, Hampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the north (and, slightly, east), and Maryland to the northeast.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia is the 10th smallest by area, is ranked 38th in population, and has the fourth-lowest household income of the United States.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Charleston.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, after the American Civil War had begun.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ Delegates from some Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, although they included many secessionist counties in the new state.", "List of Virginia Tech Hokies bowl games __knowledge__ The Virginia Tech Hokies football team, since its creation in 1892, has played 30 post-season bowl games in 16 different stadiums across nine states.", "List of Virginia Tech Hokies bowl games __knowledge__ This includes five Bowl Championship Series (BCS) game appearances and one appearance in the BCS National Championship Game.", "List of Virginia Tech Hokies bowl games __knowledge__ As of the completion of the 2017 regular season schedule, the Hokies have been invited to a bowl game every year since 1993.", "List of Virginia Tech Hokies bowl games __knowledge__ This 26-year active streak of consecutive bowl appearances is the longest such streak in the nation recognized by the NCAA.", "List of Virginia Tech Hokies bowl games __knowledge__ and is the fifth longest all-time bowl appearance streak.", "List of Virginia Tech Hokies bowl games __knowledge__ Dozens of National Football League draft picks have played for Virginia Tech in bowl games, including two first-overall selections: Bruce Smith and Michael Vick.", "List of former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia __knowledge__ Former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia are those that existed within the English Colony of Virginia or, after statehood, the Commonwealth of Virginia, and no longer retain the same form within its boundaries.", "List of former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia __knowledge__ The settlements, towns, and administrative units discussed here ceased to exist in a number of ways.", "List of former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia __knowledge__ A number of smaller settlements became extinct due to loss of population.", "List of former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia __knowledge__ In time, others changed names, ascended to higher levels (or occasionally, descended to lower levels) of autonomy, or were occasionally annexed by larger nearby units.", "List of former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia __knowledge__ At a higher level, large areas of Virginia were split off to form new states, transferred as state boundaries were clarified, or came under the administration of the federal government.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The History of Virginia begins with documentation by the first Spanish explorers to reach the area in the 1500s, when it was occupied chiefly by Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan peoples.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ After a failed English attempt to settle Virginia in the 1580s by Walter Raleigh, permanent English settlement began in Virginia with Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The Virginia Company colony was looking for gold but failed and the colonists could barely feed themselves.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The famine during the harsh winter of 1609 forced the colonists to eat leather from their clothes and boots and resort to cannibalism.", "History of Virginia __knowledge__ The colony nearly failed until tobacco emerged as a profitable export.", "Park Ridge, New Jersey __knowledge__ Park Ridge is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.", "Park Ridge, New Jersey __knowledge__ Park Ridge had a population of 8,645 as of the 2010 United States Census, reflecting a decline of 63 (-0.7%) from the 8,708 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 606 (+7.5%) from the 8,102 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Park Ridge, New Jersey __knowledge__ Park Ridge was created as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on May 15, 1894, from portions of Washington Township, based on the results of a referendum held the previous day.", "Park Ridge, New Jersey __knowledge__ The borough was formed during the \"Boroughitis\" phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County, in which 26 boroughs were formed in the county in 1894 alone.", "Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ Park Ridge is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States, and a Chicago suburb.", "Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ The population was 37,480 at the 2010 census.", "Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ It is located northwest of downtown Chicago.", "Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ It is close to O'Hare International Airport, major expressways, and rail transportation.", "Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ It is a part of the Chicago metropolitan area, bordering three northwestern neighborhoods of Chicago's Far North Side (Edison Park, Norwood Park, and O'Hare.)", "Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ As its name suggests, Park Ridge lies on a ridge.", "Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ The soil is abundant with clay deposits, which made it a brick-making center for the developing city of Chicago.", "Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ Park Ridge was originally called Pennyville to honor George Penny, the businessman who owned the local brickyard along with Robert Meacham.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ It borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The state is divided into 100 counties.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The capital is Raleigh, which along with Durham is home to the largest research park in the United States (Research Triangle Park).", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the third largest banking center in the United States after New York City and San Francisco.", "Park Ridge, Queensland __knowledge__ Park Ridge is a suburb of the City of Logan, Queensland, Australia.", "Park Ridge, Queensland __knowledge__ Park Ridge lies to Logan's west and enjoys a rural setting.", "Park Ridge, Queensland __knowledge__ There are manicured acreage properties buffered by bushland.", "Park Ridge, Queensland __knowledge__ At the 2011 census the suburb recorded a population of 2,328.", "Park Ridge, Queensland __knowledge__ Part of the suburb's western boundary is marked by the Mount Lindesay Highway.", "Park Ridge, Queensland __knowledge__ Logan Ridges was the original name for the suburb of Park Ridges.", "Park Ridge, Queensland __knowledge__ This was until the early 1890s, when the post office changed its name to reflect the park-like nature of the area.", "Park Ridge, Queensland __knowledge__ Early settlers hailed from Yorkshire and timber-getting and farming were the primary industries during the 1890s and remained important through to the early 20th century, when tobacco growing was taken on.", "Park Ridge High School __knowledge__ Park Ridge High School is a six-year comprehensive community public high school with an integrated two-year middle school located in the borough of Park Ridge in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, serving students in seventh through twelfth grades as the lone secondary school of the Park Ridge Public Schools.", "Park Ridge High School __knowledge__ The school is accredited by the New Jersey Department of Education.", "Park Ridge High School __knowledge__ The school is located on the corner of Park Avenue and Pascack Road in the center of Park Ridge.", "Park Ridge High School __knowledge__ The school is one of the three public schools in the town of Park Ridge, along with East Brook Elementary School and West Ridge Elementary School, which both serve grades K-6.", "List of people from Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ Park Ridge, Illinois is a suburb of Chicago.", "List of people from Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ Located northwest of downtown Chicago, it has a population of 37,775.", "List of people from Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ Despite its relative small city status, Park Ridge has been home to several notable people.", "List of people from Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ Among the most admired women in the world, former first lady and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton grew up in Park Ridge and graduated from Maine South High School.", "List of people from Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ Actor Harrison Ford, the star of \"Indiana Jones\", \"Star Wars\", and \"The Fugitive\" also attended high school in Park Ridge.", "List of people from Park Ridge, Illinois __knowledge__ Ford's films have grossed over $3.5 billion domestically, making him the third-highest-grossing U.S. domestic box office star of all time.", "List of North American Numbering Plan area codes __knowledge__ The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) divides the territories of its member countries into Numbering Plan Areas (NPAs), each identified by a three-digit code commonly called area code.", "List of North American Numbering Plan area codes __knowledge__ The rules for numbering NPAs do not permit the digits \"0\" and \"1\" as the leading digit of an area code, which also applies for central office codes.", "List of North American Numbering Plan area codes __knowledge__ \"0\" has been used traditionally for operator-assisted telephone calls, and the digit \"1\" was traditionally ignored in switching equipment as a leading digit, because it could not be distinguished reliably from intermittent loop disconnections when subscribers operated telephones." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway, which is America's longest linear park, runs for through 29 Virginia and North Carolina counties, linking Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountains National Park.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ It runs mostly along the spine of the Blue Ridge, a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Its southern terminus is at U.S. 441 on the boundary between Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Cherokee Indian Reservation in North Carolina, from which it travels north to Shenandoah National Park in Virginia.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The roadway continues through Shenandoah as Skyline Drive, a similar scenic road which is managed by a different National Park Service unit.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway has been the most visited unit of the National Park System every year since 1946 except three (1949, 2013, and 2016).", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Land on either side of the road is owned and maintained by the National Park Service, and in many places parkway land is bordered by United States Forest Service property.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway was on North Carolina's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Begun during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the project was originally called the Appalachian Scenic Highway.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ Design Manchester is a not-for-profit organisation established to showcase design talent; support design skills, careers & enterprise; advance the contribution of design in the city and the regional economy; and promote the role of Manchester as a design city internationally.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ It has a year-round programme of activities and events and organises Manchester’s annual citywide festival of design.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ In 2013, graphic designers John Owens and Malcolm Garrett RDI and media publicist Fiona McGarva were asked by Professor David Crow, then the Dean of Manchester School of Art, to organise an event to mark the School’s 175th anniversary and the opening of the new Benzie Building designed by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Kid A __knowledge__ Kid A is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released on 2 October 2000 by Parlophone.", "Kid A __knowledge__ After having suffered a mental breakdown promoting Radiohead's acclaimed 1997 album \"OK Computer\", songwriter Thom Yorke envisioned a radical change in direction.", "Kid A __knowledge__ The band replaced their rock sound with synthesisers, drum machines, the ondes Martenot, string orchestras and brass instruments, and incorporated influences from electronic music, krautrock, jazz, and 20th-century classical music.", "Kid A __knowledge__ They recorded \"Kid A\" with \"OK Computer\" producer Nigel Godrich in Paris, Copenhagen, Gloucestershire and their hometown Oxford, England.", "Baby, It's OK __knowledge__ \"Baby, It's OK\" is a song recorded by German group Follow Your Instinct featuring Romanian recording artist Alexandra Stan for their debut studio album, \"Animal Kingdom\" (2016), and the latter's \"Alesta\".", "Baby, It's OK __knowledge__ It was made available for digital and physical consumption on 16 August 2013 through Epic Records, Sony Music and Cat Music in Germany and Romania.", "Baby, It's OK __knowledge__ The recording was written by Harry Wayne Casey, Davon Dixon, Patrick Greska, Addis Mussa, Manuela Necker, Andrei Nemirschi, Prodan, David Ritter, Marcian Alin Soare and Rainer Wetenkamp, while production was managed by Greska, Mussa, Ritter and Wetenkamp.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ One Ok Rock, stylized as ONE OK ROCK (pronounced in Japanese as \"one o'clock\"), is a Japanese rock band formed in Tokyo, Japan in 2005.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band currently consists of Takahiro Moriuchi (vocals), Toru Yamashita (guitar/leader), Ryota Kohama (bass), and Tomoya Kanki (drums).", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They have been playing many different styles of rock music, with songs ranging from alternative rock to emo to post-hardcore to pop rock.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band's name, ONE OK ROCK, comes from \"one o'clock\", the time that the band used to practice on weekends.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They chose to play at one o'clock in the morning because it was cheaper to use the rehearsal space during such hours.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ Skyline Drive is a road that runs the entire length of the National Park Service's Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, generally along the ridge of the mountains.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ The drive's northern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Route 340 (US 340) near Front Royal, and the southern terminus is at an interchange with US 250 near Interstate 64 (I-64) in Rockfish Gap, where the road continues south as the Blue Ridge Parkway.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ The road has intermediate interchanges with US 211 in Thornton Gap and US 33 in Swift Run Gap.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ A park entrance fee is charged at the four access points to the drive.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The Glenwood Cluster is a region in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests recognized by The Wilderness Society for its rich biodiversity, scenery, wildflower displays, cold-water trout streams and horse trails.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ It offers a unique habitat for rare plants, salamanders and other rare species.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway and the Appalachian Trail traverse the area giving ready access with views to the east of the Piedmont foothills and to the west of the Valley of Virginia.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The region includes wilderness areas protected by Congressional action, inventoried wilderness, and inventoried areas recognized by the Wilderness Society as worthy of protection from timbering and roads.", "History of the National Park Service __knowledge__ Since 1872 the United States National Park System has grown from a single, public reservation called Yellowstone National Park to embrace over 450 natural, historical, recreational, and cultural areas throughout the United States, its territories, and island possessions.", "History of the National Park Service __knowledge__ These areas include a diverse varieties of areas —National Parks, National Monuments, National Memorials, National Military Parks, National Historic Sites, National Parkways, National Recreation Areas, National Seashores, National Scenic Riverways, National Scenic Trails, and others.", "History of the National Park Service __knowledge__ The national park idea has been credited to the artist George Catlin.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina is a nonprofit organization classified as a 501(c)(3) by the Internal Revenue Service.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Foundation was created in 1997 by Dr. Houck Medford, to raise private funding for the Blue Ridge Parkway, one of the most visited units of the National Park system.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ In 2016, the Blue Ridge Parkway welcomed more than 15 million visitors.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Foundation is governed by a volunteer Board of Trustees.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ Each Trustee is elected by their peers and serves a three-year term.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The CEO runs the day-to-day operations of the Foundation, and is a paid staff member.", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ Shenandoah National Park (often ) is a national park that encompasses part of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the U.S. state of Virginia.", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ The park is long and narrow, with the broad Shenandoah River and Valley on the west side, and the rolling hills of the Virginia Piedmont on the east.", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ Although the scenic Skyline Drive is likely the most prominent feature of the park, almost 40% of the land area has been designated as wilderness and is protected as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System.", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ The highest peak is Hawksbill Mountain at .", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ The park encompasses parts of eight counties.", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ On the west side of Skyline Drive they are, from northeast to southwest, Warren, Page, Rockingham, and Augusta counties.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains range.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ This province consists of northern and southern physiographic regions, which divide near the Roanoke River gap.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The mountain range is located in the eastern United States, starting at its southernmost portion in Georgia, then ending northward in Pennsylvania.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ To the west of the Blue Ridge, between it and the bulk of the Appalachians, lies the Great Appalachian Valley, bordered on the west by the Ridge and Valley province of the Appalachian range.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Mountains are noted for having a bluish color when seen from a distance." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway, which is America's longest linear park, runs for through 29 Virginia and North Carolina counties, linking Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountains National Park.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ It runs mostly along the spine of the Blue Ridge, a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Its southern terminus is at U.S. 441 on the boundary between Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Cherokee Indian Reservation in North Carolina, from which it travels north to Shenandoah National Park in Virginia.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The roadway continues through Shenandoah as Skyline Drive, a similar scenic road which is managed by a different National Park Service unit.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway has been the most visited unit of the National Park System every year since 1946 except three (1949, 2013, and 2016).", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Land on either side of the road is owned and maintained by the National Park Service, and in many places parkway land is bordered by United States Forest Service property.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway was on North Carolina's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Begun during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the project was originally called the Appalachian Scenic Highway.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ Battle Ground is a city in Clark County, Washington, United States.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ The population was 17,571 at the 2010 census.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ Between 2000 and 2005, Battle Ground ranked fourth in the state for population growth, out of 279 eligible incorperated communities.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ Battle Ground got its name from a standoff between a group of the Klickitat peoples and a military force from the Vancouver Barracks, which had recently transitioned to a U.S. Army post.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ In 1855, when this occurred, the Klickitat peoples had been imprisoned at the Vancouver Barracks.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ The hostile conditions of their detainment inspired some of the Klickitats to decamp.", "Seeing with the Eyes of Love __knowledge__ Seeing with the Eyes of Love by Eknath Easwaran is a practical commentary on \"The Imitation of Christ\", a Christian devotional classic of the early 15th century, believed to be the work of Thomas à Kempis.", "Seeing with the Eyes of Love __knowledge__ Easwaran's commentary emphasizes how to translate the \"Imitation\" into daily living with the aid of spiritual practices.", "Seeing with the Eyes of Love __knowledge__ \"Seeing with the Eyes of Love\" was originally published in the United States in 1991.", "Seeing with the Eyes of Love __knowledge__ A German translation was published in 1993, and a second U.S. edition was published in 1996.", "Seeing with the Eyes of Love __knowledge__ The book has been reviewed in newspapers, magazines, and websites.", "Seeing with the Eyes of Love __knowledge__ At the time \"Seeing with the Eyes of Love\" was published in 1991, Eknath Easwaran had served as a spiritual teacher in California since the 1960s.", "Star Trek: Discovery __knowledge__ Star Trek: Discovery is an American television series created for CBS All Access by Bryan Fuller and Alex Kurtzman.", "Star Trek: Discovery __knowledge__ It is the first series developed specifically for that service, and the first \"Star Trek\" series since \"\" concluded in 2005.", "Star Trek: Discovery __knowledge__ Set roughly a decade before the events of and separate from the timeline of the concurrently produced feature films, \"Discovery\" explores the Federation–Klingon war while following the crew of the USS \"Discovery\".", "Star Trek: Discovery __knowledge__ Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts serve as showrunners on the series, with producing support from Akiva Goldsman.", "Star Trek: Discovery __knowledge__ Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham, a science specialist on the USS \"Discovery\".", "The Getaway World Tour __knowledge__ The Getaway World Tour was a concert tour by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers that was in support of their eleventh studio album, \"The Getaway\" which was released on June 17, 2016.", "The Getaway World Tour __knowledge__ It marked the first time since June 2014 that the band has toured.", "The Getaway World Tour __knowledge__ The tour began with benefit shows and North American festival dates in February 2016 followed by a summer festival tour with dates in Europe, Asia and North America starting in May 2016 and ending in August 2016.", "The Getaway World Tour __knowledge__ The headlining tour to support the album began in Europe in September 2016 and lasted until the end of the year with the North American tour beginning in January 2017 and concluded in July 2017.", "La Caution __knowledge__ La Caution is a French hip hop duo consisting of members Hi-Tekk and Nikkfurie of Moroccan descent.", "La Caution __knowledge__ They are notable for creating the song \"Thé à la Menthe\" which is known for appearing (in instrumental form) in the film \"Ocean's Twelve\".", "La Caution __knowledge__ The phrase \"thé à la menthe\" is French for \"mint tea\", their song \"Briques\" also appeared in the 5th Season, Episode 18 of the US TV Series How I Met Your Mother La Caution's first single \"Les rues électriques\" (electric streets), was released in 1999.", "La Caution __knowledge__ They began to gain recognition participating in Assassin concerts.", "La Caution __knowledge__ As a result, they secured the opening slot on the band's tour in 2000 and 2001; this enabled them to reach an increasingly larger audience.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Irandaam Ulagam __knowledge__ Irandaam Ulagam () is a 2013 Indian Tamil-language romantic fantasy film written and directed by Selvaraghavan.", "Irandaam Ulagam __knowledge__ Starring Arya and Anushka Shetty, the film features soundtrack composed by Harris Jayaraj, background score by Anirudh Ravichander and cinematography handled by Ramji.", "Irandaam Ulagam __knowledge__ After several months of production, the film was released worldwide on 22 November 2013.", "Irandaam Ulagam __knowledge__ The film was dubbed in Telugu and released as \"Varna\".", "Irandaam Ulagam __knowledge__ \"Irandam Ulagam\" is about two stories which unfold concurrently in two different planets – our Earth and an unnamed exoplanet.", "Irandaam Ulagam __knowledge__ On earth a timid medical student Ramya (Anushka Shetty) who has a crush on an academic mathematician Madhu Balakrishnan (Arya), asks him out.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachian Mountains (; ), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ They once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before naturally occurring erosion.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel, as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines and valleys oriented in opposition to most roads running east or west.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The United States Geological Survey (USGS) defines the \"Appalachian Highlands\" physiographic division as consisting of thirteen provinces: the Atlantic Coast Uplands, Eastern Newfoundland Atlantic, Maritime Acadian Highlands, Maritime Plain, Notre Dame and Mégantic Mountains, Western Newfoundland Mountains, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, Saint Lawrence Valley, Appalachian Plateaus, New England province, and the Adirondack provinces.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains range.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ This province consists of northern and southern physiographic regions, which divide near the Roanoke River gap.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The mountain range is located in the eastern United States, starting at its southernmost portion in Georgia, then ending northward in Pennsylvania.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ To the west of the Blue Ridge, between it and the bulk of the Appalachians, lies the Great Appalachian Valley, bordered on the west by the Ridge and Valley province of the Appalachian range.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Mountains are noted for having a bluish color when seen from a distance.", "USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) __knowledge__ USS \"Blue Ridge\" (LCC-19) is the lead ship of the two \"Blue Ridge\"–class command ships of the United States Navy, and is the command ship of the United States Seventh Fleet.", "USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) __knowledge__ Her primary role is to provide command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) support to the commander and staff of the United States Seventh Fleet.", "USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) __knowledge__ She is currently forward-deployed to U.S. Navy Fleet Activities, Yokosuka in Japan, and is the third Navy ship named after the Blue Ridge Mountains, a range of mountains in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States.", "USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) __knowledge__ \"Blue Ridge\" is the oldest deployable warship of the U.S. Navy, following the decommissioning of in Pearl Harbor on 14 August 2014.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ Appalachia () is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador) in Canada to Cheaha Mountain in Alabama, the cultural region of Appalachia typically refers only to the central and southern portions of the range.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 United States Census, the region was home to approximately 25 million people.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ Since its recognition as a distinctive region in the late 19th century, Appalachia has been a source of enduring myths and distortions regarding the isolation, temperament, and behavior of its inhabitants.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 3, 55 ]

[ "I will like to visit someday the Blue Park Ridge in Virginia and North Carolina.", "I haven't been in Virginia either. The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Park and All-American road, that is noted for its scenic views.", "Yes, it runs mostly along the spine of the Blue Ridge, a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountain.", "yes I think they make great scenes. And it is amazing tha the Appalachian mountain first formed roughly 480 millions years ago." ]

[ "Blue Ridge Parkway", "Blue Ridge Parkway", "Blue Ridge Parkway", "Blue Ridge Parkway" ]

[ "Tokyo\nAre you a fan on Tokyo cuisine?", "Yes. Food like sushi. They have so many great fish dishes in Tokyo.", "Ah such a simple but elegant dish! Also very cheap!", "What other great dishes are there in Tokyo?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo (, ), officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital city of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is often referred to as a city, but is officially known and governed as a \"metropolitan prefecture\", which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture, a characteristic unique to Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo (each governed as an individual city), which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Chinese aristocrat cuisine __knowledge__ Chinese aristocrat cuisine () traces its origin to the Ming and Qing dynasties when imperial officials stationed in Beijing brought their private chefs and such different variety of culinary styles mixed and developed overtime and formed a unique breed of its own, and thus the Chinese aristocrat cuisine is often called private cuisine.", "Chinese aristocrat cuisine __knowledge__ The current Chinese aristocrat cuisine is a mixture of Shandong cuisine, Huaiyang cuisine and Cantonese cuisine.", "Chinese aristocrat cuisine __knowledge__ As Beijing was the capital of the last three Chinese dynasties, most of the Chinese aristocrat cuisine originated in Beijing.", "Chinese aristocrat cuisine __knowledge__ Currently, there are a total of nine varieties of Chinese aristocrat cuisine: Confucius has been deitified and glorified in Chinese history, and has been posthumously awarded numerous ranks and titles by various Chinese emperors in Chinese history.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ \"\" is a manga series written by Yūto Tsukuda and illustrated by Shun Saeki, serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\".", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ 27 tankōbon volumes have been released.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ An anime adaptation has aired 49 episodes over 3 seasons.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ The story follows protagonist and title character Sōma Yukihira as he transfers to the elite Tōtsuki Culinary Academy, an extremely competitive atmosphere, where only the top 1% of students graduate in.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Under the motto \"Cooking is Everything\", students are judged on their cooking for admission to the academy and in many classes, tournaments and events.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Competition may lead to a Shokugeki, a cooking match held in an indoor stadium, where students stake their pride and futures as chefs.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo (, ), officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital city of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is often referred to as a city, but is officially known and governed as a \"metropolitan prefecture\", which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture, a characteristic unique to Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo (each governed as an individual city), which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Spanish cuisine __knowledge__ Spanish cuisine is heavily influenced by regional cuisines and the particular historical processes that shaped culture and society in those territories.", "Spanish cuisine __knowledge__ Geography and climate had great influence on cooking methods and available ingredients, and these particularities are still present in the gastronomy of the various regions that make up the country.", "Spanish cuisine __knowledge__ Spanish cuisine derives from a complex history, where invasions of the country and conquests of new territories modified traditions and made new ingredients available.", "Spanish cuisine __knowledge__ Spain before the Roman Empire Spain used to be divided in three territories for three different “clans\": the Celts (north of Spain), the Iberians (center east), and the Tartessos (South).", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Neneh Mariann Karlsson (born 10 March 1964), better known as Neneh Cherry, is a Swedish singer-songwriter, rapper, and occasional DJ and broadcaster.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ To date, Cherry has released four studio albums.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Her first, \"Raw Like Sushi\" was released 1989 and peaked at number 3 in the UK Singles Chart.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Her second studio album was 1992's \"Homebrew\", which was less successful.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ 4 years later she released \"Man\", and then released her most recent studio album \"Blank Project\" in 2014.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ In addition to releasing these studio albums, she formed the band cirKus in 2006 and has collaborated with The Thing, releasing an album entitled \"The Cherry Thing\" in 2012.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo (, ), officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital city of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is often referred to as a city, but is officially known and governed as a \"metropolitan prefecture\", which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture, a characteristic unique to Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo (each governed as an individual city), which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 (樱野3加1), also known as Sakurano in the Philippines, is a Taiwanese drama that airs Sunday on TTV/SETTV.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ This drama brings back Ming Dao and Joe Chen Qiao En.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian, Jia Jiang, Fang Wei, and Bulu all grew up on Westside Street together and currently study in Ying Ye School, one month away from graduation.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian's dad is a police officer in Westside Street and is retiring tomorrow.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ But just on that day, they all had a fight at school with the Dinosaur gang, and were almost expelled by the principal.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Officer Xia went to settle the conflict and not only did it not get settled, his gun got misplaced by the principal too.", "Japchae __knowledge__ Japchae () is a sweet and savory dish of stir-fried glass noodles and vegetables that is popular in Korean cuisine.", "Japchae __knowledge__ \"Japchae\" is typically prepared with \"dangmyeon\", a type of cellophane noodles made from sweet potato starch; the noodles are topped with assorted vegetables, meat, and mushrooms, and seasoned with soy sauce and sesame oil.", "Japchae __knowledge__ Once a royal dish, it is now one of the most popular traditional celebration dishes, often served on special occasions, such as weddings, birthdays (especially \"dol\", the first birthday, and \"hwangap\", the sixtieth), and holidays.", "Japchae __knowledge__ It is also popular for feeding crowds at banquets, parties, and potlucks, due to the ease of bulk preparation and serving flexibility: \"japchae\" can be served warm, at room temperature, or cold from the refrigerator, and can be eaten freshly made or the next day.", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ The Alavi Bohras () are a Taiyebi Musta'alavi Isma'ili Shi'i Muslim community from Gujarat, India.", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ In India, during the time of the 18th Fatimid Imam Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah around 1093 AD in Egypt, the designated learned people (\"wulaat\") who were sent from Yemen by missionaries (\"du'aat\") under the guidance of the Imam established a \"da'wah\" in Khambhat (Gujarat, India).", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ After the division of the Mustaalid community, the Yemenite Da'wah followed their 21st Imam, the son of 20th Imam Aamir in the succession of Fatimid Imams of Egypt, at-Taiyeb Abul Qaasim as their Imam of seclusion ستر, and the Bohras are the modern descendants of Taiyebi Da'wah established from Khambhat, Patan and Sidhpur in the 5th century Hijri and also the immigrants from Yemeni Taiyebi Da'wah.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ The Boeing AH-64 Apache is an American four-blade, twin-turboshaft attack helicopter with a tailwheel-type landing gear arrangement and a tandem cockpit for a two-man crew.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ It features a nose-mounted sensor suite for target acquisition and night vision systems.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ It is armed with a M230 chain gun carried between the main landing gear, under the aircraft's forward fuselage, and four hardpoints mounted on stub-wing pylons for carrying armament and stores, typically a mixture of AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and Hydra 70 rocket pods.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ The AH-64 has a large amount of systems redundancy to improve combat survivability.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ Dish Network (often stylized as DISH Network, or just simply DISH) is an American-based direct-broadcast satellite service provider.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company provides satellite television, audio programming, and interactive television services to commercial and residential customers in the United States.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ , the company provided services to 13.7 million television and 580,000 broadband subscribers.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company has approximately 16,000 employees.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company is headquartered in Meridian, Colorado, though the postal designation of nearby Englewood, Colorado is used in the corporate mailing.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ In January 2008, Dish Network was spun off from its former parent company EchoStar, which was founded by Charlie Ergen as a satellite television equipment distributor in 1980.", "Pleasantly Surprised (TV series) __knowledge__ Pleasantly Surprised (), also known as Love Myself or You, is a 2014 Taiwanese romantic-comedy television series produced by Sanlih E-Television.", "Pleasantly Surprised (TV series) __knowledge__ Starring Puff Guo and as the main leads, with Jolin Chien and Lene Lai as the main supporting leads.", "Pleasantly Surprised (TV series) __knowledge__ The original title has a double meaning which literally translates to \"Like Someone\" or \"Like To Be Alone\", depending how it's read.", "Pleasantly Surprised (TV series) __knowledge__ Original title during development of the drama was \"Love Met Cupid 愛情遇見邱比特\", the title was then changed to \"Love Myself or You 喜歡·一個人\" during start of production.", "Pleasantly Surprised (TV series) __knowledge__ The English title was once again renamed \"Pleasantly Surprised\" right before the drama began airing.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ In the early 2000s, Dish Network received criticism regarding controversial technology and carriage disputes with programming providers.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ Most notably, when the Hopper digital video recorder provided an easy way for viewers to watch certain programming without commercials, major networks sued Dish Network.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ Dish Network's Hopper digital video recorder, announced in January 2012, led to controversy over a feature, called \"AutoHop\", which allows viewers to watch some programming without commercials, subject to time restrictions.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ AutoHop is an extension of the DVR's prime time recording capability.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ When enabled, the feature records but hides commercials, giving viewers the option of viewing primetime programming on the four major networks commercial-free.", "Miso soup __knowledge__ The choice of miso paste for the miso soup defines a great deal of its character and flavor.", "Miso soup __knowledge__ Miso pastes (a traditional Japanese seasoning produced by fermenting soybeans with salt and the fungus \"Aspergillus oryzae\", known in Japanese as kōjikin (麹菌?", "Miso soup __knowledge__ ), and sometimes rice, barley, or other ingredients) can be categorized into red (\"akamiso\"), white (\"shiromiso\"), or mixed (\"awase\").", "Miso soup __knowledge__ There are many variations within these themes, including regional variations, such as Shinshū miso or Sendai miso.", "Miso soup __knowledge__ A miso paste that has been fermented for a longer period of time, such as a red miso, gives the miso soup a stronger, deeper flavor.", "Miso __knowledge__ Typically, \"miso\" is salty, but its flavor and aroma depend on various factors in the ingredients and fermentation process.", "Miso __knowledge__ Different varieties of miso have been described as salty, sweet, earthy, fruity, and savory.", "Miso __knowledge__ The origin of the miso of Japan is not completely clear.", "Miso __knowledge__ In the Kamakura era (1192–1333), a common meal was made up of a bowl of rice, some dried fish, a serving of miso, and a fresh vegetable.", "Miso __knowledge__ Until the Muromachi era (1337 to 1573), miso was made without grinding the soybeans, somewhat like \"nattō\".", "Miso __knowledge__ In the Muromachi era, Buddhist monks discovered that soybeans could be ground into a paste, spawning new cooking methods using miso to flavor other foods.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Gyūdon __knowledge__ , literally beef bowl, is a Japanese dish consisting of a bowl of rice topped with beef and onion simmered in a mildly sweet sauce flavored with dashi (fish and seaweed stock), soy sauce and mirin (sweet rice wine).", "Gyūdon __knowledge__ It also often includes shirataki noodles, and is sometimes topped with a raw egg or a soft poached egg (onsen tamago).", "Gyūdon __knowledge__ A very popular food in Japan, it is commonly served with beni shōga (pickled ginger), shichimi (ground chili pepper), and a side dish of miso soup.", "Gyūdon __knowledge__ \"Gyū\" is the prefix for anything cow-related, and \"don\" is short for \"donburi\", the Japanese word for \"bowl\".", "Gyūdon __knowledge__ Due to the Meiji Restoration and subsequent westernization, western customs like eating beef were adopted and spread throughout Japan.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ Instant soup is a type of soup designed for fast and simple preparation.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ Some are homemade, and some are mass-produced on an industrial scale and treated in various ways to preserve them.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ A wide variety of types, styles and flavors of instant soups exist.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ Commercial instant soups are usually dried or dehydrated, canned, or treated by freezing.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ Commercial instant soups are manufactured in several types.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ Some consist of a packet of dry soup stock.", "Instant soup __knowledge__ These do not contain water, and are prepared by adding water and then heating the product for a short time, or by adding hot water directly to the dry soup mix.", "Hōtō __knowledge__ Wheat farming and the flour culture were brought into Yamanashi prefecture due to shortages in local rice crops.", "Hōtō __knowledge__ Sericulture had turned lands traditionally reserved for rice crops into silk farms, and flour products like hōtō were invented as a means to counter food shortages which arose from this change in agriculture.", "Hōtō __knowledge__ This transition may have begun in Yamanashi's Gunnai region, where rice farming was impossible to start due to cold temperature and large amounts of volcanic debris embedded into the soil.", "Hōtō __knowledge__ Wheat farming spread through the rest of the prefecture and into the neighboring Nagano, Shizuoka, Saitama, and Gunma prefectures, where similar cuisine using flour dough and soup can also be found.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters of the 2010-2011 Japanese tokusatsu series \"Kamen Rider OOO\".", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ is a young man desire to helps others while traveling.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ When he falls asleep during his part-time job at the museum, Eiji unwittingly becomes entangled in the chain of events that occurred after the Greeed were released and gains the ability to become to fight them.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ Eiji Hino is portrayed by .", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ is the bird-type Greeed, a dishonest wildcard who sees people for their flaws and is at odds with the other Greeed.", "List of Kamen Rider OOO characters __knowledge__ Ankh also believes that he has the right to get whatever he wants and detests having to give something away." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo (, ), officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital city of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is often referred to as a city, but is officially known and governed as a \"metropolitan prefecture\", which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture, a characteristic unique to Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo (each governed as an individual city), which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains.", "Robert Carrier (chef) __knowledge__ Robert Carrier McMahon, OBE (Tarrytown, New York, November 10, 1923 – France, June 27, 2006), usually known as Robert Carrier, was an American chef, restaurateur and cookery writer.", "Robert Carrier (chef) __knowledge__ His success came in England, where he was based from 1953 to 1984, and then from 1994 until his death.", "Robert Carrier (chef) __knowledge__ Robert Carrier McMahon was born in Tarrytown, New York, the third son of a wealthy property lawyer father of Irish descent; his mother was the Franco-German daughter of a millionaire.", "Robert Carrier (chef) __knowledge__ After his parents went bankrupt in the 1930s Great Depression, they maintained their lifestyle by dispensing with servants and preparing their own elaborate dinner parties.", "List of international presidential trips made by Rodrigo Duterte __knowledge__ According to the \"Official Gazette\", international trips made by the President of the Philippines are an opportunity to \"foster and maintain\" relations with other governments and to meet other heads of state and/or government.", "List of international presidential trips made by Rodrigo Duterte __knowledge__ The Department of Foreign Affairs classifies these trips as either a state visit, an official visit, or a working visit.", "List of international presidential trips made by Rodrigo Duterte __knowledge__ As of , Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th and current President of the Philippines, has made 15 presidential trips to 17 sovereign states internationally (with the exception of technical stopovers) since his inauguration on June 30, 2016.", "List of international presidential trips made by Rodrigo Duterte __knowledge__ The number of visits per country where he traveled are: In his first year in office, President Duterte made seven international trips to eleven different countries.", "Thongloun Sisoulith __knowledge__ Thongloun Sisoulith (; born 10 November 1946) is a Laotian politician who has been Prime Minister of Laos since 2016.", "Thongloun Sisoulith __knowledge__ Previously he was Deputy Prime Minister from 2001 to 2016, as well as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2016.", "Thongloun Sisoulith __knowledge__ He is a politburo member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, ranking fourth.", "Thongloun Sisoulith __knowledge__ He was chosen to become Prime Minister of Laos at the 10th Party Congress on 23 January 2016.", "Thongloun Sisoulith __knowledge__ Sisoulith was born in the Houaphan province of Laos, and he studied at Pedagogical College of Neo Lao Hak Sat in Houaphan from 1962 to 1969.", "Thongloun Sisoulith __knowledge__ He was further educated in the Soviet Union and Vietnam.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry (, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.", "Curry __knowledge__ The common feature is the use of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies.", "Curry __knowledge__ The use of the term is generally limited to dishes prepared in a sauce.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry dishes prepared in the southern states of India may be spiced with leaves from the curry tree.", "Curry __knowledge__ There are many varieties of dishes called 'curries'.", "Curry __knowledge__ For example, in original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Municipalities of Denmark __knowledge__ Denmark is divided into five regions, which contain 98 municipalities (, sing.", "Municipalities of Denmark __knowledge__ : \"kommune\").", "Municipalities of Denmark __knowledge__ This structure was established per an administrative reform (Danish, ), effective Monday 1 January 2007 which abolished the counties (\"amter\";singular \"amt\") and created five regions (\"regioner\";singular \"region\") which unlike the counties (1970-2006) (Danish (singular) literally \"County Municipality\") are not municipalities.", "Municipalities of Denmark __knowledge__ The 270 municipalities were consolidated into 98 larger units, most of which have at least 20,000 inhabitants.", "Municipalities of Denmark __knowledge__ 67 of the present municipalities are mergers as a result of the administrative reform, with Ærø being allowed to merge already 1 January 2006, and one municipality, Bornholm Regional Municipality being a merger from 1 January 2003, that is 68 merged municipalities in all.", "Neoleucinodes elegantalis __knowledge__ Neoleucinodes elegantalis is a moth of the Crambidae family.", "Neoleucinodes elegantalis __knowledge__ It ìs found in Mexico, Costa Rica, Cuba, Honduras, Grenada, Guatemala, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela.", "Neoleucinodes elegantalis __knowledge__ There are multiple generations per year.", "Neoleucinodes elegantalis __knowledge__ Eggs are laid either singly or in clusters on the petiole or sepals of flowers and the calyx of fruit.", "Neoleucinodes elegantalis __knowledge__ The larvae feed by burrowing into the fruit of \"Solanum\" species, including \"Solanum lycopersicum\", \"Solanum melongena\", \"Solanum aethiopicum\", \"Solanum betaceum\", \"Solanum quitoense\", \"Solanum sessiliflorum\", \"Solanum acerifolium\", \"Solanum atropurpureum\", \"Solanum crinitum\", \"Solanum torvum\", \"Solanum hirtum\", \"Solanum lycocarpum\", \"Solanum pseudolulo\", \"Solanum viarum\" and \"Solanum sisymbriifolium\", as well as \"Capsicum annuum\".", "Khazars __knowledge__ The Khazars (, ; ; ; , \"Xäzärlär\"; , \"Kuzarim\"; , \"Xazar\"; , \"Chozáry\"; , \"Hazáry\"; , \"Xazar\"; , \"Cházaroi\"; ) were a semi-nomadic Turkic people, who created what for its duration was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Kaganate.", "Khazars __knowledge__ Astride a major artery of commerce between Eastern Europe and Southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading emporia of the medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East and Kievan Rus'.", "Khazars __knowledge__ For some three centuries (c. 650–965) the Khazars dominated the vast area extending from the Volga-Don steppes to the eastern Crimea and the northern Caucasus.", "Jürgen Schadeberg __knowledge__ Jürgen Schadeberg (born 1931) is a South African photographer and artist.", "Jürgen Schadeberg __knowledge__ Jürgen Schadeberg was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1931.", "Jürgen Schadeberg __knowledge__ In 1950, he moved to South Africa to rejoin his family and joined \"Drum\" magazine as official photographer and layout artist.", "Jürgen Schadeberg __knowledge__ Schadeberg became a teacher and mentor to some of the most creative South African photographers of his time, like Bob Gosani, Ernest Cole and later Peter Magubane.", "Jürgen Schadeberg __knowledge__ As one of the few white photographers who photographed daily life among the black community, he became knowledgeable about black life and culture.", "Jürgen Schadeberg __knowledge__ As a result, he captured on film the beginnings of the freedom movement, the effects of apartheid and the vibrancy of township life.", "Stacksteads __knowledge__ Stacksteads is a village between the towns of Bacup and Waterfoot within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England.", "Stacksteads __knowledge__ The population of this Rossendale ward at the 2011 census was 3,789.", "Stacksteads __knowledge__ Stacksteads includes a quarry called Lee Quarry which has also been transformed into a mountain bike trail.", "Stacksteads __knowledge__ It is part of the Rossendale and Darwen constituency, with Jake Berry having been the Member of Parliament since 2010.", "Stacksteads __knowledge__ In the 19th century it was home to several cotton mills along the banks of the River Irwell.", "Stacksteads __knowledge__ These expanded after the ending of the American Civil War.", "Stacksteads __knowledge__ During the 1870s agricultural labourers moved from across the UK – including many from East Anglia – to drive this expansion.", "Royal Athletic Park __knowledge__ Royal Athletic Park is a multi-purpose, fully lit stadium in Victoria, British Columbia.", "Royal Athletic Park __knowledge__ It is primarily used for baseball, soccer, softball and football, but also hosts special events, such as the annual Great Canadian Beer Festival and Rifflandia Music Festival.", "Royal Athletic Park __knowledge__ It is approximately a ten-minute walk from the city centre.", "Royal Athletic Park __knowledge__ In 1907 the burgeoning summer athletic teams did not have enough facilities for senior teams with paid attendances.", "Royal Athletic Park __knowledge__ Baseball in particular was challenged to find available dates at Oak Bay Grounds to operate due to a preference for lacrosse.", "Royal Athletic Park __knowledge__ Subsequently, the supporters of Canada's national summer sport lacrosse, at a meeting chaired by BC Premier McBride formed the Royal Victoria Athletic Association on March 26, 1908, and a senior lacrosse team was founded to enable the best intermediate (Under 21) players to play in the British Columbia Amateur Lacrosse Association (BCALA) League.", "Canberra __knowledge__ Canberra (, ) is the capital city of Australia.", "Canberra __knowledge__ With a population of 403,468, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall.", "Canberra __knowledge__ The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne.", "Canberra __knowledge__ A resident of Canberra is known as a \"Canberran\".", "Canberra __knowledge__ Although Canberra is the capital and seat of government, many federal government ministries have secondary seats in state capital cities, as do the Governor-General and the Prime Minister.", "Canberra __knowledge__ The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities." ] ]

[ 0, 12, 0, 44 ]

[ "Such as sushì?", "Rice with miso soup ìs yummy!", "That ìt ìs and fìllìng!", "Sashimi ìs delìcìous and common there." ]

[ "Tokyo", "Tokyo", "Tokyo", "Tokyo" ]

[ "React (JavaScript library)\nHave you ever heard of React (JavaScript Library)", "What does it mean to build a user interface?", "So is JavaScript a computer language for that?", "Which one is the easiest to learn? I would love to learn one.", "So if I want to build websites html is the best?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based, multi-paradigm, and interpreted programming language.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of World Wide Web content production.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ It is used to make webpages interactive and provide online programs, including video games.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ The majority of websites employ it, and all modern web browsers support it without the need for plug-ins by means of a built-in JavaScript engine.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ Each of the many JavaScript engines represent a different implementation of JavaScript, all based on the ECMAScript specification, with some engines not supporting the spec fully, and with many engines supporting additional features beyond ECMA.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript is a free and open-source programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript, and adds optional static typing to the language.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ Anders Hejlsberg, lead architect of C# and creator of Delphi and Turbo Pascal, has worked on the development of TypeScript.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript may be used to develop JavaScript applications for client-side or server-side (Node.js) execution.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript is designed for development of large applications and compiles to JavaScript.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ As TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript, existing JavaScript programs are also valid TypeScript programs.", "JQuery __knowledge__ jQuery is a cross-platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML.", "JQuery __knowledge__ It is free, open-source software using the permissive MIT License.", "JQuery __knowledge__ Web analysis indicates that it is the most widely deployed JavaScript library by a large margin.", "JQuery __knowledge__ jQuery's syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select DOM elements, create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax applications.", "JQuery __knowledge__ jQuery also provides capabilities for developers to create plug-ins on top of the JavaScript library.", "JQuery __knowledge__ This enables developers to create abstractions for low-level interaction and animation, advanced effects and high-level, themeable widgets.", "JavaScript library __knowledge__ A JavaScript library is a library of pre-written JavaScript which allows for easier development of JavaScript-based applications, especially for AJAX and other web-centric technologies.", "JavaScript library __knowledge__ While JavaScript, as first developed by Netscape (and later Mozilla), has long had a presence on the Web for many websites, it gained a particular pitch with the rise of the Web 2.0 era of computing, in which JavaScript became increasingly used for the development of user interfaces for applications, both web-based and desktop-based.", "JavaScript library __knowledge__ JavaScript was also combined with CSS to create dynamic web pages, which have also become popular as a more efficient and accessible alternative to Flash-based websites.", "SWFObject __knowledge__ SWFObject (originally FlashObject) is an open-source JavaScript library used to embed Adobe Flash content onto Web pages, which is supplied as one small JavaScript file.", "SWFObject __knowledge__ The library can also detect the installed Adobe Flash Player plug-in in all major web browsers, on all major operating systems (OS), and can redirect the visitor to another webpage or show alternate HTML content if the installed plug-in is not suitable.", "SWFObject __knowledge__ The library is independent, although related external libraries often integrate with it, such as SWFAddress for deep linking and SWFFit for dynamic content scaling.", "SWFObject __knowledge__ With the multitude of Flash embedding JavaScript libraries, SWFObject has emerged as the most popular being used by over 2,600,000 websites as of 2011, including high-profile websites such as Ask.com, Windows.com, Time.com, Skype.com, Discovery.com and YouTube.", "Ample SDK __knowledge__ Ample SDK is a pre-release stage lightweight JavaScript library intended to simplify cross-browser web application development.", "Ample SDK __knowledge__ Although Ample SDK allows you to do client-side scripting in a very similar way as jQuery and many other JavaScript libraries, its main purpose is to enable development of declarative GUI's for Rich Internet applications rather than enhancing HTML pages.", "Ample SDK __knowledge__ The last release of Ample SDK was in December 2012 although work continues on GitHub along with developers responding to issues and multiple active forks.", "Ample SDK __knowledge__ Because its documentation is still sparse and the examples lack clear explanation, the Ample SDK is not suited for beginners." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Windows 10 is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ It was released on July 29, 2015.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ It is the first version of Windows that receives ongoing feature updates.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Devices in enterprise environments can receive these updates at a slower pace, or use long-term support milestones that only receive critical updates, such as security patches, over their ten-year lifespan of extended support.", "Windows 10 __knowledge__ Windows 10 introduces what Microsoft described as \"universal apps\"; expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical codeincluding PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Mixed Reality.", "Command-line interface __knowledge__ A command-line interface or command language interpreter (CLI), also known as command-line user interface, console user interface and character user interface (CUI), is a means of interacting with a computer program where the user (or client) issues commands to the program in the form of successive lines of text (command lines).", "Command-line interface __knowledge__ A program which handles the interface is called a command language interpreter or shell.", "Command-line interface __knowledge__ The CLI was the primary means of interaction with most computer systems on computer terminals in the mid-1960s, and continued to be used throughout the 1970s and 1980s on OpenVMS, Unix systems and personal computer systems including MS-DOS, CP/M and Apple DOS.", "User interface markup language __knowledge__ A user interface markup language is a markup language that renders and describes graphical user interfaces and controls.", "User interface markup language __knowledge__ Many of these markup languages are dialects of XML and are dependent upon a pre-existing scripting language engine, usually a JavaScript engine, for rendering of controls and extra scriptability.", "User interface markup language __knowledge__ The concept of the user interface markup languages is primarily based upon the desire to prevent the \"re-invention of the wheel\" in the design, development and function of a user interface; such re-invention comes in the form of coding a script for the entire user interface.", "User interface markup language __knowledge__ The typical user interface markup language solidifies often re-used program or script code in the form of markup, making it easier to focus upon design of a user interface in an understandable dialect as opposed to focus on function.", "Development of Windows Vista __knowledge__ Development of Windows Vista occurred over the span of five and a half years, starting in earnest in May 2001, prior to the release of Microsoft's Windows XP operating system, and continuing until November 2006.", "Development of Windows Vista __knowledge__ Microsoft originally expected to ship the new version sometime late in 2003 as a minor step between Windows XP (codenamed \"Whistler\") and Windows 7 (codenamed \"Blackcomb\" and \"Vienna\").", "Development of Windows Vista __knowledge__ Vista's original codename, \"Longhorn\", was an allusion to this plan: While Whistler and Blackcomb are large ski resorts in British Columbia, Longhorn is the name of a bar between the two mountains that Whistler's visitors pass to reach Blackcomb.", "History of the graphical user interface __knowledge__ The history of the graphical user interface, understood as the use of graphic icons and a pointing device to control a computer, covers a five-decade span of incremental refinements, built on some constant core principles.", "History of the graphical user interface __knowledge__ Several vendors have created their own windowing systems based on independent code, but with basic elements in common that define the WIMP \"window, icon, menu and pointing device\" paradigm.", "History of the graphical user interface __knowledge__ There have been important technological achievements, and enhancements to the general interaction in small steps over previous systems.", "History of the graphical user interface __knowledge__ There have been a few significant breakthroughs in terms of use, but the same organizational metaphors and interaction idioms are still in use.", "User interface __knowledge__ The user interface (UI), in the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur.", "User interface __knowledge__ The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, whilst the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process.", "User interface __knowledge__ Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of computer operating systems, hand tools, heavy machinery operator controls, and process controls.", "User interface __knowledge__ The design considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to or involve such disciplines as ergonomics and psychology.", "MacOS __knowledge__ macOS (; previously , then ) is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001.", "MacOS __knowledge__ It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac family of computers.", "MacOS __knowledge__ Within the market of desktop, laptop and home computers, and by web usage, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows.", "MacOS __knowledge__ macOS is the second major series of Macintosh operating systems.", "MacOS __knowledge__ The first is colloquially called the \"classic\" Mac OS, which was introduced in 1984, and the final release of which was Mac OS 9 in 1999.", "MacOS __knowledge__ The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released in March 2001, with its first update, 10.1, arriving later that year.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based, multi-paradigm, and interpreted programming language.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of World Wide Web content production.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ It is used to make webpages interactive and provide online programs, including video games.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ The majority of websites employ it, and all modern web browsers support it without the need for plug-ins by means of a built-in JavaScript engine.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ Each of the many JavaScript engines represent a different implementation of JavaScript, all based on the ECMAScript specification, with some engines not supporting the spec fully, and with many engines supporting additional features beyond ECMA.", "JavaScript library __knowledge__ A JavaScript library is a library of pre-written JavaScript which allows for easier development of JavaScript-based applications, especially for AJAX and other web-centric technologies.", "JavaScript library __knowledge__ While JavaScript, as first developed by Netscape (and later Mozilla), has long had a presence on the Web for many websites, it gained a particular pitch with the rise of the Web 2.0 era of computing, in which JavaScript became increasingly used for the development of user interfaces for applications, both web-based and desktop-based.", "JavaScript library __knowledge__ JavaScript was also combined with CSS to create dynamic web pages, which have also become popular as a more efficient and accessible alternative to Flash-based websites.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript is a free and open-source programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript, and adds optional static typing to the language.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ Anders Hejlsberg, lead architect of C# and creator of Delphi and Turbo Pascal, has worked on the development of TypeScript.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript may be used to develop JavaScript applications for client-side or server-side (Node.js) execution.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript is designed for development of large applications and compiles to JavaScript.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ As TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript, existing JavaScript programs are also valid TypeScript programs.", "National Tribune __knowledge__ National Tribune was an independent newspaper and publishing company owned by the National Tribune Company, formed in 1877 in Washington, D.C. \"The National Tribune\" (official title) was a post-Civil War newspaper based in Washington, D.C. published by the National Tribune Publishing Co. \"A Monthly Journal devoted to the interests of the Soldiers and Sailors of the late war, and all Pensioners of the United States\" was the caption under the paper's title.", "National Tribune __knowledge__ The \"National Tribune\" served generally as the organ of the Grand Army of the Republic, (G.A.R.)", "National Tribune __knowledge__ and as a forum for old soldiers to share their reminiscences.", "Redux (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ Redux is an open-source JavaScript library designed for managing application state.", "Redux (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is primarily (but not mandatorily) used together with React or Angular for building user interfaces.", "Redux (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ Redux was created by Dan Abramov and Andrew Clark in 2015.", "Redux (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ Redux is inspired by Facebook’s Flux and influenced by functional programming language Elm.", "Redux (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps.", "Redux (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It helps developers write applications that behave consistently, run in different environments (client, server, and native), and are easy to test.", "Redux (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ Additionally, it provides improvements to the developer experience, like live code editing combined with a time traveling debugger." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based, multi-paradigm, and interpreted programming language.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of World Wide Web content production.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ It is used to make webpages interactive and provide online programs, including video games.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ The majority of websites employ it, and all modern web browsers support it without the need for plug-ins by means of a built-in JavaScript engine.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ Each of the many JavaScript engines represent a different implementation of JavaScript, all based on the ECMAScript specification, with some engines not supporting the spec fully, and with many engines supporting additional features beyond ECMA.", "Smart Pascal __knowledge__ Smart Pascal is a dialect of the Object Pascal computer language that is derived from Delphi Web Script, but is enhanced and adapted for Smart Mobile Studio, a commercial development suite that generates JavaScript rather than machine code.", "Smart Pascal __knowledge__ Smart Pascal is a RAD (rapid application development) language, and ships with a substantial library of classes and pre-made components.", "Smart Pascal __knowledge__ The Smart Pascal compiler is an advanced source-to-source compiler generating rich, HTML5 compliant, server independent applications.", "Smart Pascal __knowledge__ Compiled Smart applications can be executed in any modern HTML5 capable browser.", "Smart Pascal __knowledge__ A compiled program is typically embedded within a DIV container element or alternatively set to occupy the entire display.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The syntax of JavaScript is the set of rules that define a correctly structured JavaScript program.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The examples below make use of the log function of the console object present in most browsers for standard text output.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The JavaScript standard library lacks an official standard text output function.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ Given that JavaScript is mainly used for client-side scripting within modern Web browsers, and that almost all Web browsers provide the alert function, alert can also be used, but is not commonly used.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ Brendan Eich summarized the ancestry of the syntax in the first paragraph of the JavaScript 1.1 specification as follows: JavaScript is case sensitive.", "Programming language __knowledge__ A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output.", "Programming language __knowledge__ Programming languages generally consist of instructions for a computer.", "Programming language __knowledge__ Programming languages can be used to create programs that implement specific algorithms.", "Programming language __knowledge__ The earliest known programmable machine that preceded the invention of the digital computer was the automatic flute player described in the 9th century by the brothers Musa in Baghdad, during the Islamic Golden Age.", "Programming language __knowledge__ From the early 1800s, \"programs\" were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos.", "Domain-specific language __knowledge__ A domain-specific language (DSL) is a computer language specialized to a particular application domain.", "Domain-specific language __knowledge__ This is in contrast to a general-purpose language (GPL), which is broadly applicable across domains.", "Domain-specific language __knowledge__ There is a wide variety of DSLs, ranging from widely used languages for common domains, such as HTML for web pages, down to languages used by only one or a few pieces of software, such as Emacs Lisp for GNU Emacs and XEmacs.", "Domain-specific language __knowledge__ DSLs can be further subdivided by the kind of language, and include domain-specific \"markup\" languages, domain-specific \"modeling\" languages (more generally, specification languages), and domain-specific \"programming\" languages.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript is a free and open-source programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript, and adds optional static typing to the language.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ Anders Hejlsberg, lead architect of C# and creator of Delphi and Turbo Pascal, has worked on the development of TypeScript.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript may be used to develop JavaScript applications for client-side or server-side (Node.js) execution.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript is designed for development of large applications and compiles to JavaScript.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ As TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript, existing JavaScript programs are also valid TypeScript programs.", "Unobtrusive JavaScript __knowledge__ Unobtrusive JavaScript is a general approach to the use of JavaScript in web pages.", "Unobtrusive JavaScript __knowledge__ Though the term is not formally defined, its basic principles are generally understood to include: JavaScript historically has had a reputation for being a clumsy language unsuitable for serious application development.", "Unobtrusive JavaScript __knowledge__ This has been largely due to inconsistent implementations of the language itself and the Document Object Model (DOM) in various browsers, and the widespread use of buggy copy-and-paste code.", "Unobtrusive JavaScript __knowledge__ Runtime errors were so common (and so difficult to debug) that few programmers ever tried to fix them, as long as the script behaved more or less the way it was supposed to; scripts often failed completely in some browsers.", "Adventure game __knowledge__ An adventure game is a video game in which the player assumes the role of a protagonist in an interactive story driven by exploration and puzzle-solving.", "Adventure game __knowledge__ The genre's focus on story allows it to draw heavily from other narrative-based media, literature and film, encompassing a wide variety of literary genres.", "Adventure game __knowledge__ Many adventure games (text and graphic) are designed for a single player, since this emphasis on story and character makes multi-player design difficult.", "Adventure game __knowledge__ \"Colossal Cave Adventure\" is identified as the first such adventure game, first released in 1976, while other notable adventure game series include \"Zork\", \"King's Quest\", \"The Secret of Monkey Island\", and \"Myst\".", "Spacetime __knowledge__ In physics, spacetime is any mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum.", "Spacetime __knowledge__ Spacetime diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects such as how different observers perceive \"where\" and \"when\" events occur.", "Spacetime __knowledge__ Until the turn of the 20th century, the assumption had been that the three-dimensional geometry of the universe (its description in terms of locations, shapes, distances, and directions) was distinct from time (the measurement of when events occur within the universe).", "Spacetime __knowledge__ However, Albert Einstein's 1905 \"special theory of relativity\" postulated that the speed of light through empty space has one definite value—a constant—that is independent of the motion of the light source.", "Phantasmagoria (video game) __knowledge__ Phantasmagoria is a point-and-click adventure game designed by Roberta Williams for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows.", "Phantasmagoria (video game) __knowledge__ Released by Sierra On-Line on August 24, 1995, it tells the story of Adrienne Delaney (Victoria Morsell), a writer who moves into a remote mansion and finds herself terrorized by supernatural forces.", "Phantasmagoria (video game) __knowledge__ Made at the peak of popularity for interactive movie games, \"Phantasmagoria\" features live-action actors and footage, both during cinematic scenes and within the three-dimensional rendered environments of the game itself.", "Phantasmagoria (video game) __knowledge__ Upon release, it was noted for its graphic gore, violence, and sexual content.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ abs number Stands for absolute.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ Reports the absolute value of its input.and biological reactions Example: 20034#8#4% and true-or-false1 true-or-false2 Reports true if all its inputs report true.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ If more than two inputs are used, and's inputs must be enclosed in parentheses.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ See or and not.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ Examples: Displays the message in an alert box.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ Clicking OK closes the box.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ See question and answer.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ To reposition the default alert box, use the set command.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ The position is in turtle coordinates; [0 0] is the middle of the page.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ The default position is [-200 50].", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ This is the position of the upper, left corner of the alert box.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Criticism of Facebook relates to how Facebook's market dominance have led to international media coverage and significant reporting of its shortcomings.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Notable issues include Internet privacy, such as its use of a widespread \"like\" button on third-party websites tracking users, possible indefinite records of user information, automatic facial recognition software, and its role in the workplace, including employer-employee account disclosure.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ The use of Facebook can have psychological effects, including feelings of jealousy and stress, a lack of attention, and social media addiction, in some cases comparable to drug addiction.", "Online advertising __knowledge__ Online advertising, also called online marketing or Internet advertising or web advertising, is a form of marketing and advertising which uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers.", "Online advertising __knowledge__ Consumers view online advertising as an unwanted distraction with few benefits and have increasingly turned to ad blocking for a variety of reasons.", "Online advertising __knowledge__ It includes email marketing, search engine marketing (SEM), social media marketing, many types of display advertising (including web banner advertising), and mobile advertising.", "Online advertising __knowledge__ Like other advertising media, online advertising frequently involves both a publisher, who integrates advertisements into its online content, and an advertiser, who provides the advertisements to be displayed on the publisher's content.", "Scrollbar __knowledge__ A scrollbar is an interaction technique or widget in which continuous text, pictures, or any other content can be scrolled in a predetermined direction (up, down, left, or right) on a computer display, window, or viewport so that all of the content can be viewed, even if only a fraction of the content can be seen on a device's screen at one time.", "Scrollbar __knowledge__ It offers a solution to the problem of navigation to a known or unknown location within a two-dimensional information space.", "Scrollbar __knowledge__ It was also known as a handle in the very first GUIs.", "Scrollbar __knowledge__ They are present in a wide range of electronic devices including computers, graphing calculators, mobile phones, and portable media players." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning, or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ The field of second-language acquisition is a subdiscipline of applied linguistics, but also receives research attention from a variety of other disciplines, such as psychology and education.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ A central theme in SLA research is that of \"interlanguage\", the idea that the language that learners use is not simply the result of differences between the languages that they already know and the language that they are learning, but that it is a complete language system in its own right, with its own systematic rules.", "Heroes of Might and Magic V __knowledge__ Heroes of Might and Magic V is the fifth instalment of the \"Heroes of Might and Magic\" fantasy turn-based strategy video game series.", "Heroes of Might and Magic V __knowledge__ The game was released by Ubisoft in Europe on May 16, and then in the United States and Canada on May 24, 2006, with the publisher guiding Nival Interactive in its development.", "Heroes of Might and Magic V __knowledge__ Following the closure of The 3DO Company, Ubisoft bought the rights to the \"Might and Magic\" franchise, and used \"Heroes V\" as a means to reboot the series with a brand new setting, called Ashan, and no continuity to previous titles.", "Heroes of Might and Magic V __knowledge__ Like the other games in the series, players take control of \"heroes\" (leaders with magical abilities) who provide their services for a faction, recruiting an army from settlement strongholds, such as castles, out of various forces (humanoid, undead, monsters, and so forth) and then doing battle against roaming armies, enemy heroes and rival factions.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ \"Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You)\" is a song written by Bill Anderson and released as a single by American country artist Connie Smith.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ It was the second single spawned from her 1966 album \"Miss Smith Goes to Nashville\" and was produced by Bob Ferguson.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ The single was released in January 1966 by RCA Victor and peaked within the Top 5 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" country music singles chart, becoming her fifth Top 10 hit in a row.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ \"Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You)\" was the fourth single Smith recorded by Bill Anderson.", "Nobody But a Fool (Would Love You) __knowledge__ The song was recorded October 14, 1965 along with the songs, \"Same as Mine\", \"I'll Never Get Over Loving You\", and \"Holdin' On\".", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The Hobbit is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ They are based on the 1937 novel \"The Hobbit\" by J. R. R. Tolkien, with large portions of the trilogy inspired by the appendices to \"The Return of the King\", which expand on the story told in \"The Hobbit\", as well as new material and characters written especially for the films.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ Together they act as a prequel to Jackson's \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The films are subtitled \"\" (2012), \"\" (2013), and \"\" (2014).", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Jackson, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct before his departure from the project.", "IBM BigFix __knowledge__ IBM BigFix formerly IBM Endpoint Manager, Tivoli Endpoint Manager (TEM) and before that, BigFix, is a systems-management software product developed by IBM for managing large groups of computers running Windows, Mac OS X, VMware ESX, Linux or UNIX, as well as various mobile operating systems such as Windows Phone, Symbian, iOS and Android.", "IBM BigFix __knowledge__ IBM BigFix provides system administrators with remote control, patch management, software distribution, operating system deployment, network access protection and hardware and software inventory functionality.", "IBM BigFix __knowledge__ The software is the result of the integration of assets acquired from BigFix into the IBM portfolio, and extends IBM's capabilities to manage the security and compliance of servers, desktops, roaming laptops, and point-of-sale devices, such as ATMs and self-service kiosks.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ Neeti Saara or Neeti Sastra is a popular collection of morals written by Baddena, a Telugu poet.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ Baddena (1220-1280?", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ AD) is the composer of the most famous Sumathi Satakam as well as Niti Sastra.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ Complete details about his origin are not known.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ But, He was believed to be a Chola prince and was called as Bhadra Bhupala.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ He was a Samanta Raju (vassal) under the Kakateeya Rudrama Devi (reign: 1262-1296 AD) during the thirteenth century.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ 1.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ I shall expound Nitisara (essence of maxims on right conduct) compiled from all scriptures, bowing down to Vishnu, the lord of the universe.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ 2.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ Listen to the complete essence of dharma (right action) and contemplate on it.", "Simultaneous bilingualism __knowledge__ Simultaneous bilingualism is a form of bilingualism that takes place when a child becomes bilingual by learning two languages from birth.", "Simultaneous bilingualism __knowledge__ According to Annick De Houwer, in an article in \"The Handbook of Child Language\", simultaneous bilingualism takes place in \"children who are regularly addressed in two spoken languages from before the age of two and who continue to be regularly addressed in those languages up until the final stages\" of language development.", "Simultaneous bilingualism __knowledge__ Both languages are acquired as first languages.", "Simultaneous bilingualism __knowledge__ This is in contrast to sequential bilingualism, in which the second language is learned not as a native language but a foreign language.", "Cascading Style Sheets __knowledge__ Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language.", "Cascading Style Sheets __knowledge__ Although most often used to set the visual style of web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is applicable to rendering in speech, or on other media.", "Cascading Style Sheets __knowledge__ Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites to create visually engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications.", "Cascading Style Sheets __knowledge__ CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of presentation and content, including aspects such as the layout, colors, and fonts.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based, multi-paradigm, and interpreted programming language.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of World Wide Web content production.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ It is used to make webpages interactive and provide online programs, including video games.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ The majority of websites employ it, and all modern web browsers support it without the need for plug-ins by means of a built-in JavaScript engine.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ Each of the many JavaScript engines represent a different implementation of JavaScript, all based on the ECMAScript specification, with some engines not supporting the spec fully, and with many engines supporting additional features beyond ECMA.", "EOS International __knowledge__ EOS (Emerging Opportunities for Sustainability) International is a 501c3 not-profit organization founded in 2008 and dedicated to promoting appropriate technology in the developing world.", "EOS International __knowledge__ EOS works primarily in Nicaragua providing rural families with access to low-cost technologies geared towards generating income and improving health.", "EOS International __knowledge__ The three core technologies EOS implements include: drip irrigation systems, fuel-efficient barrel ovens, and biodigestors.", "EOS International __knowledge__ Since its creation in 2008 by a group of engineers from Iowa State University, EOS has been promoting and implementing technologies in villages throughout Nicaragua, the second poorest country in the western hemisphere.", "HTML __knowledge__ Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications.", "HTML __knowledge__ With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for the World Wide Web.", "HTML __knowledge__ Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render them into multimedia web pages.", "HTML __knowledge__ HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.", "HTML __knowledge__ HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages.", "HTML __knowledge__ With HTML constructs, images and other objects, such as interactive forms, may be embedded into the rendered page.", "HTML element __knowledge__ An HTML element is an individual component of an HTML document or web page, once this has been parsed into the Document Object Model.", "HTML element __knowledge__ HTML is composed of a tree of HTML nodes, such as text nodes.", "HTML element __knowledge__ Each node can have HTML attributes specified.", "HTML element __knowledge__ Nodes can also have content, including other nodes and text.", "HTML element __knowledge__ Many HTML nodes represent semantics, or meaning.", "HTML element __knowledge__ For example, the codice_1 node represents the title of the document.", "HTML element __knowledge__ HTML documents are delivered as \"documents\".", "HTML element __knowledge__ These are then parsed, which turns them into the Document Object Model (DOM) internal representation, within the web browser.", "HTML element __knowledge__ Presentation by the web browser, such as screen rendering or access by JavaScript, is then performed on this internal model, not the original document.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).", "Tableless web design __knowledge__ Tableless web design (or tableless web layout) is a web design method eschewing the use of HTML tables for page layout control purposes.", "Tableless web design __knowledge__ Instead of HTML tables, style sheet languages such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are used to arrange elements and text on a web page.", "Tableless web design __knowledge__ HTML was originally designed as a semantic markup language intended for sharing scientific documents and research papers online.", "Tableless web design __knowledge__ Visual presentation was left up to the user.", "Tableless web design __knowledge__ However, as the Internet expanded from the academic and research world into the mainstream in the mid-1990s, and became more media oriented, graphic designers sought ways to control the visual appearance of their Web pages." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "Adobe Flash __knowledge__ Adobe Flash is a multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich Internet applications, desktop applications, mobile applications, mobile games and embedded web browser video players.", "Adobe Flash __knowledge__ Flash displays text, vector graphics and raster graphics to provide animations, video games and applications.", "Adobe Flash __knowledge__ It allows streaming of audio and video, and can capture mouse, keyboard, microphone and camera input.", "Adobe Flash __knowledge__ Artists may produce Flash graphics and animations using Adobe Animate.", "Adobe Flash __knowledge__ Software developers may produce applications and video games using Adobe Flash Builder, FlashDevelop, Flash Catalyst, or any text editor when used with the Apache Flex SDK.", "Long Knoll __knowledge__ Long Knoll () is a hill in the west of the English county of Wiltshire.", "Long Knoll __knowledge__ It is a ridge of chalk grassland, some in length, and forms the boundary between the civil parishes of Kilmington to the south and Maiden Bradley to the north.", "Long Knoll __knowledge__ The ridge is above sea level at its highest point and it is possible to view King Alfred's Tower, Cranmore Tower, the Black Mountains and Glastonbury Tor on clear days.", "Long Knoll __knowledge__ The hill is the site of the Long Knoll biological Site of Special Scientific Interest, which was notified in 1971.", "Long Knoll __knowledge__ Long Knoll is categorised as a Marilyn, a hill with topographic prominence of at least .", "Microsoft WebMatrix __knowledge__ Microsoft WebMatrix is a free, cloud-connected website builder and HTML editor for Windows, geared towards web development.", "Microsoft WebMatrix __knowledge__ WebMatrix enables developers to build websites using built-in templates or popular open-source applications, with full support for ASP.NET, PHP, Node.js and HTML5.", "Microsoft WebMatrix __knowledge__ Microsoft developed WebMatrix for the purpose of providing web developers with coding, customization, and publishing capabilities all in one place.", "Microsoft WebMatrix __knowledge__ WebMatrix is a successor of ASP.NET Web Matrix, which was released in 2003 and later discontinued.", "Microsoft WebMatrix __knowledge__ In 2011, WebMatrix was released to support the large number of open source content management systems and to provide a lightweight web development environment for PHP and the new, simplified ASP.NET web pages.", "HTML element __knowledge__ An HTML element is an individual component of an HTML document or web page, once this has been parsed into the Document Object Model.", "HTML element __knowledge__ HTML is composed of a tree of HTML nodes, such as text nodes.", "HTML element __knowledge__ Each node can have HTML attributes specified.", "HTML element __knowledge__ Nodes can also have content, including other nodes and text.", "HTML element __knowledge__ Many HTML nodes represent semantics, or meaning.", "HTML element __knowledge__ For example, the codice_1 node represents the title of the document.", "HTML element __knowledge__ HTML documents are delivered as \"documents\".", "HTML element __knowledge__ These are then parsed, which turns them into the Document Object Model (DOM) internal representation, within the web browser.", "HTML element __knowledge__ Presentation by the web browser, such as screen rendering or access by JavaScript, is then performed on this internal model, not the original document.", "HTML __knowledge__ Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications.", "HTML __knowledge__ With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for the World Wide Web.", "HTML __knowledge__ Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render them into multimedia web pages.", "HTML __knowledge__ HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.", "HTML __knowledge__ HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages.", "HTML __knowledge__ With HTML constructs, images and other objects, such as interactive forms, may be embedded into the rendered page.", "Website __knowledge__ A website is a collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name, and published on at least one web server.", "Website __knowledge__ A website may be accessible via a public Internet Protocol (IP) network, such as the Internet, or a private local area network (LAN), by referencing a uniform resource locator (URL) that identifies the site.", "Website __knowledge__ Websites can have many functions and can be used in various fashions; a website can be a personal website, a corporate website for a company, a government website, an organization website, etc.", "Website __knowledge__ Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, ranging from entertainment and social networking to providing news and education.", "Rix Centre __knowledge__ The Rix Centre is a British charitable research and development centre that was founded in 2004.", "Rix Centre __knowledge__ The Centre, based at the University of East London, explores the uses of new media technology for the benefit of the learning disability community.", "Rix Centre __knowledge__ It has developed multimedia technologies and courses to support those with learning disabilities and their careers.", "Rix Centre __knowledge__ The Rix Centre is named after Lord Brian Rix, the Baron Rix, chancellor of the University, who has campaigned for people with learning difficulties for over 60 years.", "Rix Centre __knowledge__ The Centre is headed by Andy Minnion.", "Rix Centre __knowledge__ Since 2001, Minnion has been conducting research at the UEL on the subject of accessibility for people with learning disabilities.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The Web browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet.", "Web page __knowledge__ A web page (also written as webpage) is a document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and web browsers.", "Web page __knowledge__ A web browser displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device.", "Web page __knowledge__ The web page usually means what is visible, but the term may also refer to a computer file, usually written in HTML or a comparable markup language.", "Web page __knowledge__ Web browsers coordinate various web resource elements for the written web page, such as style sheets, scripts, and images, to present the web page.", "Web page __knowledge__ Typical web pages provide hypertext that includes a navigation bar or a sidebar menu linking to \"other\" web pages via hyperlinks, often referred to as \"links\".", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ abs number Stands for absolute.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ Reports the absolute value of its input.and biological reactions Example: 20034#8#4% and true-or-false1 true-or-false2 Reports true if all its inputs report true.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ If more than two inputs are used, and's inputs must be enclosed in parentheses.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ See or and not.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ Examples: Displays the message in an alert box.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ Clicking OK closes the box.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ See question and answer.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ To reposition the default alert box, use the set command.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ The position is in turtle coordinates; [0 0] is the middle of the page.", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ The default position is [-200 50].", "List of MicroWorlds Logo commands __knowledge__ This is the position of the upper, left corner of the alert box.", "Web crawler __knowledge__ A Web crawler may also be called a \"Web spider\", an \"ant\", an \"automatic indexer\", or (in the FOAF software context) a \"Web scutter\".", "Web crawler __knowledge__ A Web crawler starts with a list of URLs to visit, called the \"seeds\".", "Web crawler __knowledge__ As the crawler visits these URLs, it identifies all the hyperlinks in the page and adds them to the list of URLs to visit, called the \"crawl frontier\".", "Web crawler __knowledge__ URLs from the frontier are recursively visited according to a set of policies.", "Web crawler __knowledge__ If the crawler is performing archiving of websites it copies and saves the information as it goes.", "Web crawler __knowledge__ The archives are usually stored in such a way they can be viewed, read and navigated as they were on the live web, but are preserved as ‘snapshots'.", "Markup language __knowledge__ A markup language is a system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text.", "Markup language __knowledge__ The idea and terminology evolved from the \"marking up\" of paper manuscripts, i.e., the revision instructions by editors, traditionally written with a blue pencil on authors' manuscripts.", "Markup language __knowledge__ In digital media this \"blue pencil instruction text\" was replaced by tags, that is, instructions are expressed directly by tags or \"instruction text encapsulated by tags.\"", "Markup language __knowledge__ Examples include typesetting instructions such as those found in troff, TeX and LaTeX, or structural markers such as XML tags.", "Unicode and HTML __knowledge__ Web pages authored using hypertext markup language (HTML) may contain multilingual text represented with the Unicode universal character set.", "Unicode and HTML __knowledge__ Key to the relationship between Unicode and HTML is the relationship between the \"document character set\" which defines the set of characters that may be present in a HTML document and assigns numbers to them and the \"external character encoding\" or \"charset\" used to encode a given document as a sequence of bytes.", "Unicode and HTML __knowledge__ In RFC 1866, the initial HTML 2.0 standard, the document character set was defined as ISO-8859-1.", "Unicode and HTML __knowledge__ It was extended to ISO 10646 (which is basically equivalent to Unicode) by RFC 2070." ] ]

[ 1, 33, 15, 62, 14 ]

[ "i had not heard about it but learned it is a javascript library for building user interfaces", "its like a way the human and computer interacts, like how your screen looks and where you click on pages ", "yes its one of the three core technologies along with html and css on the internet ", "i do not know actually, but i do know html is the standard for creating web pages", "yes i believe so but if you want animations or applications you will need adobe flash" ]

[ "React (JavaScript library)", "React (JavaScript library)", "React (JavaScript library)", "React (JavaScript library)", "React (JavaScript library)" ]

[ "Florida", "nope i never been, always wanted to visit though", "everglades is that a swamp or something else?", "okay, but the place i would like to visit is Miami" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida (; Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is the southernmost state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Florida __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states.", "Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County).", "Florida __knowledge__ The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.", "Florida __knowledge__ Tallahassee is the state's capital.", "Florida __knowledge__ About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately , not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.", "Florida __knowledge__ It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state.", "Florida __knowledge__ The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida (; Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is the southernmost state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Florida __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states.", "Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County).", "Florida __knowledge__ The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.", "Florida __knowledge__ Tallahassee is the state's capital.", "Florida __knowledge__ About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately , not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.", "Florida __knowledge__ It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state.", "Florida __knowledge__ The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ This is a list of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ Pope Francis' visit to the Philippines in January 2015 included the largest papal event in history with around 6–7 million attendees in his final mass at Manila, surpassing the then-largest papal event at World Youth Day 1995 in the same venue 20 years earlier.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ Francis visited Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for World Youth Day.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ This was the only scheduled foreign trip for him in the year.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ Francis was officially welcomed to Brazil during a ceremony at Guanabara palace and met with Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ Throughout the celebrations, Francis gathered up to 3.5 million pilgrims to celebrate mass at Copacabana Beach.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ The \"Tiny Toon Adventures\" animated television series features an extensive cast of characters.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ The show's central characters are mostly various forms of anthropomorphic animals, based on Looney Tunes characters from earlier films and shows.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ In the series, the characters attend a school called Acme Looniversity, set in the cartoon community of Acme Acres.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Buster Bunny (initially voiced by Charlie Adler and later by John Kassir) is a main character of the show along with Babs Bunny.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Buster is a young, blue-and-white male rabbit with a red shirt and white gloves.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Bugs Bunny is his mentor.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ In the last episode, \"It's a Wonderful Tiny Toon Christmas Special\", Babs states that Buster is indeed her boyfriend.", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ This is a list of recurring characters in \"The Land Before Time\", a series of animated children's films.", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ The main characters include Littlefoot (\"Apatosaurus\"), Cera (\"Triceratops\"), Ducky (\"Saurolophus\"), Petrie (\"Pteranodon\"), Spike (\"Stegosaurus\"), and in the spin-off television series and , Chomper (\"Tyrannosaurus\") and Ruby (\"Oviraptor\").", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ Other characters include the families of the main characters, the residents of their home, the Great Valley, and outsiders to the Great Valley.", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ The idea for \"The Land Before Time\" came during production of \"An American Tail\".", "List of The Land Before Time characters __knowledge__ Steven Spielberg's studio Amblin Entertainment was interested in doing a film about dinosaurs, which were popular at the time, leading Spielberg, director Don Bluth, and producer George Lucas to develop the prehistoric setting and its cast.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1980 and December 1989.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Julia Newman first appeared in February 1980 along with Victor Newman (Eric Braeden).", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Meg Bennett until 1981, with reprise appearances from 1982 to 1984, 1986 to 1987, and lastly from March 1 to September 3, 2002.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ History On June 13, 1970, Julia and businessman Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) were married.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Ten years later, she and Victor moved to Genoa City so that he could help run Chancellor Industries for Katherine Chancellor (Jeanne Cooper).", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ Aaliyah Dana Haughton (; January 16, 1979 – August 25, 2001) was an American singer, actress, and model.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ She was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Detroit, Michigan.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ At the age of 10, she appeared on the television show \"Star Search\" and performed in concert alongside Gladys Knight.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ At age 12, Aaliyah signed with Jive Records and her uncle Barry Hankerson's Blackground Records.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ Hankerson introduced her to R. Kelly, who became her mentor, as well as lead songwriter and producer of her debut album, \"Age Ain't Nothing but a Number\".", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ The album sold three million copies in the United States and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large drainage basin and part of the neotropic ecozone.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The system begins near Orlando with the Kissimmee River, which discharges into the vast but shallow Lake Okeechobee.", "Everglades __knowledge__ Water leaving the lake in the wet season forms a slow-moving river wide and over long, flowing southward across a limestone shelf to Florida Bay at the southern end of the state.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades experience a wide range of weather patterns, from frequent flooding in the wet season to drought in the dry season.", "Restoration of the Everglades __knowledge__ The restoration of the Everglades is an ongoing effort to remedy damage inflicted on the environment of southern Florida during the 20th century.", "Restoration of the Everglades __knowledge__ It is the most expensive and comprehensive environmental repair attempt in history.", "Restoration of the Everglades __knowledge__ The degradation of the Everglades became an issue in the United States in the early 1970s after a proposal to construct a jetport in the Big Cypress Swamp.", "Restoration of the Everglades __knowledge__ Studies indicated the airport would have destroyed the ecosystem in South Florida and Everglades National Park.", "Restoration of the Everglades __knowledge__ After decades of destructive practices, both state and federal agencies are looking for ways to balance the needs of the natural environment in South Florida with urban and agricultural centers that have recently and rapidly grown in and near the Everglades.", "History of Florida __knowledge__ The history of Florida can be traced back to when the first Native Americans began to inhabit the peninsula as early as 14,000 years ago.", "History of Florida __knowledge__ They left behind artifacts and archeological evidence.", "History of Florida __knowledge__ Written history begins with the arrival of Europeans to Florida; the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León in 1513 made the first textual records.", "History of Florida __knowledge__ The state was the first mainland realm of the United States to be settled by Europeans.", "History of Florida __knowledge__ Thus, 1513 marked the beginning of the American Frontier.", "History of Florida __knowledge__ From that time of contact, Florida has had many waves of immigration, including French and Spanish settlement during the 16th century, as well as entry of new Native American groups migrating from elsewhere in the South, and free blacks and fugitive slaves, who became known as Black Seminoles.", "Second Seminole War __knowledge__ The Second Seminole War, also known as the Florida War, was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively known as Seminoles and the United States, part of a series of conflicts called the Seminole Wars.", "Second Seminole War __knowledge__ The Second Seminole War, often referred to as \"the\" Seminole War, is regarded as \"the longest and most costly of the Indian conflicts of the United States.\"", "Second Seminole War __knowledge__ Bands from various tribes in the southeastern United States had moved into the unoccupied lands in Florida in the 18th century.", "Second Seminole War __knowledge__ These included Alabamas, Choctaw, Yamasees, Yuchis and Creek people.", "Draining and development of the Everglades __knowledge__ The history of draining and development of the Everglades dates back to the 19th century.", "Draining and development of the Everglades __knowledge__ During the Second Seminole War beginning in 1836, the United States military's mission was to seek out Seminole people in the Everglades and capture or kill them.", "Draining and development of the Everglades __knowledge__ Those missions gave the military the opportunity to map land that seemed to frustrate and confound them at every turn.", "Draining and development of the Everglades __knowledge__ A national push for expansion and progress toward the latter part of the 19th century stimulated interest in draining the Everglades for agricultural use.", "Draining and development of the Everglades __knowledge__ According to historians, \"From the middle of the nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century, the United States went through a period in which wetland removal was not questioned.", "Fort Center __knowledge__ Fort Center is an archaeological site in Glades County, Florida, a few miles northwest of Lake Okeechobee.", "Fort Center __knowledge__ It was occupied for more than 2,000 years, from 450 BCE until about 1700 CE.", "Fort Center __knowledge__ The inhabitants of Fort Center may have been cultivating maize centuries before it appeared anywhere else in Florida.", "Fort Center __knowledge__ Fort Center is a complex of earthwork mounds, linear embankments, middens, circular ditches, and an artificial pond occupying an area approximately long and wide extending east-west along Fisheating Creek, a stream that empties unto Lake Okeechobee.", "Fort Center __knowledge__ The complex is named after a blockhouse located at the site during the Second Seminole War.", "Transportation in South Florida __knowledge__ The Greater Miami area, composed of the three counties of Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach, also known collectively as South Florida, is home to a wide variety of public and private transportation systems.", "Transportation in South Florida __knowledge__ These include heavy rail mass transit (Metrorail), commuter rail (Tri-Rail), automated guideway transit (Metromover), highways, two major airports (Miami International Airport (MIA) and Fort Lauderdale – Hollywood International Airport (FLL)) and seaports (Port of Miami and Port Everglades), as well as three county-wide bus networks (Miami-Dade Metrobus, Broward County Transit (BCT), and Palm Tran), which cover the entire urbanized area of South Florida." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida (; Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is the southernmost state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Florida __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states.", "Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County).", "Florida __knowledge__ The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.", "Florida __knowledge__ Tallahassee is the state's capital.", "Florida __knowledge__ About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately , not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.", "Florida __knowledge__ It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state.", "Florida __knowledge__ The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large drainage basin and part of the neotropic ecozone.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The system begins near Orlando with the Kissimmee River, which discharges into the vast but shallow Lake Okeechobee.", "Everglades __knowledge__ Water leaving the lake in the wet season forms a slow-moving river wide and over long, flowing southward across a limestone shelf to Florida Bay at the southern end of the state.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades experience a wide range of weather patterns, from frequent flooding in the wet season to drought in the dry season.", "Geography and ecology of the Everglades __knowledge__ The geography and ecology of the Everglades involve the complex elements affecting the natural environment throughout the southern region of the U.S. state of Florida.", "Geography and ecology of the Everglades __knowledge__ Before drainage, the Everglades were an interwoven mesh of marshes and prairies covering .", "Geography and ecology of the Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades is simultaneously a vast watershed that has historically extended from Lake Okeechobee south to Florida Bay (around one-third of the southern Florida peninsula), and many interconnected ecosystems within a geographic boundary.", "Geography and ecology of the Everglades __knowledge__ It is such a unique meeting of water, land, and climate that the use of either singular or plural to refer to the Everglades is appropriate.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ Everglades National Park is a U.S. National Park in Florida that protects the southern 20 percent of the original Everglades.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ In the United States, it is the largest tropical wilderness, the largest wilderness of any kind east of the Mississippi River, and is visited on average by one million people each year.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ It is the third-largest national park in the lower 48 states after Death Valley and Yellowstone.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ It has been declared an International Biosphere Reserve, a World Heritage Site, and a Wetland of International Importance, one of only three locations in the world to appear on all three lists.", "Restoration of the Everglades __knowledge__ The restoration of the Everglades is an ongoing effort to remedy damage inflicted on the environment of southern Florida during the 20th century.", "Restoration of the Everglades __knowledge__ It is the most expensive and comprehensive environmental repair attempt in history.", "Restoration of the Everglades __knowledge__ The degradation of the Everglades became an issue in the United States in the early 1970s after a proposal to construct a jetport in the Big Cypress Swamp.", "Restoration of the Everglades __knowledge__ Studies indicated the airport would have destroyed the ecosystem in South Florida and Everglades National Park.", "Restoration of the Everglades __knowledge__ After decades of destructive practices, both state and federal agencies are looking for ways to balance the needs of the natural environment in South Florida with urban and agricultural centers that have recently and rapidly grown in and near the Everglades.", "Draining and development of the Everglades __knowledge__ The history of draining and development of the Everglades dates back to the 19th century.", "Draining and development of the Everglades __knowledge__ During the Second Seminole War beginning in 1836, the United States military's mission was to seek out Seminole people in the Everglades and capture or kill them.", "Draining and development of the Everglades __knowledge__ Those missions gave the military the opportunity to map land that seemed to frustrate and confound them at every turn.", "Draining and development of the Everglades __knowledge__ A national push for expansion and progress toward the latter part of the 19th century stimulated interest in draining the Everglades for agricultural use.", "Draining and development of the Everglades __knowledge__ According to historians, \"From the middle of the nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century, the United States went through a period in which wetland removal was not questioned.", "Marjory Stoneman Douglas __knowledge__ Marjory Stoneman Douglas (April 7, 1890 – May 14, 1998) was an American journalist, writer, feminist, and environmentalist known for her staunch defense of the Everglades against efforts to drain it and reclaim land for development.", "Marjory Stoneman Douglas __knowledge__ Moving to Miami as a young woman to work for \"The Miami Herald\", Douglas became a freelance writer, producing over a hundred short stories that were published in popular magazines.", "Marjory Stoneman Douglas __knowledge__ Her most influential work was the book \"\" (1947), which redefined the popular conception of the Everglades as a treasured river instead of a worthless swamp; its impact has been compared to that of Rachel Carson's influential book \"Silent Spring\" (1962).", "Friends of the Everglades __knowledge__ Friends of the Everglades is a conservationist and activist organization in the United States whose mission is to \"preserve, protect, and restore the only Everglades in the world.\"", "Friends of the Everglades __knowledge__ The book \"Biosphere 2000: Protecting Our Global Environment\" refers to Friends of the Everglades as an organization that has fought to preserve North America's only subtropical wetland.", "Friends of the Everglades __knowledge__ The organization was created in 1969-1970 by journalist, author, and environmental activist Marjory Stoneman Douglas who wrote the book in 1947, about the Florida Everglades.", "Friends of the Everglades __knowledge__ When the organization was first founded, it soon had 500 members, eventually reaching 6,000 members.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The effects of global warming include its gayon human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This article describes some of those effects on individuals and populations.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ A good example of the impact of global warming on health can be seen in the disease Erythromelalgia.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This is a vascular disease that is commonly triggered by the involvement of change in temperature, which leads to syndromes including (first and second degree) burning pain, increased temperature, erythema and swelling, of mainly the hands and feet that are affected." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida (; Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is the southernmost state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "Florida __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states.", "Florida __knowledge__ Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County).", "Florida __knowledge__ The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.", "Florida __knowledge__ Tallahassee is the state's capital.", "Florida __knowledge__ About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately , not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.", "Florida __knowledge__ It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Florida __knowledge__ Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.", "Florida __knowledge__ Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state.", "Florida __knowledge__ The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.", "History of Miami __knowledge__ Thousands of years before Europeans arrived, a large portion of south east Florida, including the area where Miami, Florida exists today, was inhabited by Tequestas.", "History of Miami __knowledge__ The Tequesta (also Tekesta, Tegesta, Chequesta, Vizcaynos) Native American tribe, at the time of first European contact, occupied an area along the southeastern Atlantic coast of Florida.", "History of Miami __knowledge__ They had infrequent contact with Europeans and had largely migrated by the middle of the 18th century.", "History of Miami __knowledge__ Miami is named after the Mayaimi, a Native American tribe that lived around Lake Okeechobee until the 17th or 18th century.", "History of Miami __knowledge__ In 1566, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés was sent by the Spanish monarchy to remove the French from Florida who had already established several colonies.", "Miami Hurricanes football __knowledge__ The Miami Hurricanes football team represents the University of Miami in the sport of American football.", "Miami Hurricanes football __knowledge__ The Hurricanes compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) and the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).", "Miami Hurricanes football __knowledge__ The program began in 1926 and has won five AP national championships (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991, 2001).", "Miami Hurricanes football __knowledge__ The Miami Hurricanes are among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history.", "Miami Hurricanes football __knowledge__ Miami is ranked fourth on the list of All-time Associated Press National Poll Championships, tied with Southern California and Ohio State and behind Alabama, Notre Dame, and Oklahoma.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the British television programme \"Sugar Rush\", broadcast by Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ There have been 2 series of the programme, the first airing in 2005 and the second in 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Each series consists of ten episodes, each 30 minutes long, including adverts.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Episodes do not have individual titles.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first series consists of ten episodes and follows a 15-year-old Kim's unrequited crush on Sugar.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first episode starts with Kim and Sugar on the waltzers on Brighton Pier.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Slowly, Sugar moves in to kiss Kim.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The scene then suddenly moves to Kim in bed, under a duvet with her eyes closed, and the sound of whirring.", "Toby Flenderson __knowledge__ Toby Flenderson, M.S.W.", "Toby Flenderson __knowledge__ (born in 1971) is a fictional character on the U.S. comedy television series, \"The Office\".", "Toby Flenderson __knowledge__ He is portrayed by the show's writer, director, producer and showrunner Paul Lieberstein, and is an original character with no equivalent in The Office (UK TV series).", "Toby Flenderson __knowledge__ Toby Flenderson is the human resources representative for the Scranton branch of paper distributor Dunder Mifflin/Sabre.", "Toby Flenderson __knowledge__ Mild-mannered to the point of being physically incapable to voice his opinions or assert himself, Toby can be somewhat mournful about his life choices (he fell into the field of Human Resources after leaving his training at seminary in order to pursue the woman he'd later marry and painfully divorce).", "Transportation in South Florida __knowledge__ The Greater Miami area, composed of the three counties of Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach, also known collectively as South Florida, is home to a wide variety of public and private transportation systems.", "Transportation in South Florida __knowledge__ These include heavy rail mass transit (Metrorail), commuter rail (Tri-Rail), automated guideway transit (Metromover), highways, two major airports (Miami International Airport (MIA) and Fort Lauderdale – Hollywood International Airport (FLL)) and seaports (Port of Miami and Port Everglades), as well as three county-wide bus networks (Miami-Dade Metrobus, Broward County Transit (BCT), and Palm Tran), which cover the entire urbanized area of South Florida.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters who first appeared or were due to appear in the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\" during 2011, listed in order of their first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In January 2011, it was announced that Gareth Philips would be taking over the role of series producer from Paul Marquess, who had been with the show for one year.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ruby Button, played by Anna Shaffer, is the younger sister of Duncan Button (Dean Aspen).", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ She made her first on-screen appearance on 3 January 2011.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In December 2010, the \"Liverpool Echo\" announced that eighteen-year-old Shaffer would be joining the cast as Ruby.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large drainage basin and part of the neotropic ecozone.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The system begins near Orlando with the Kissimmee River, which discharges into the vast but shallow Lake Okeechobee.", "Everglades __knowledge__ Water leaving the lake in the wet season forms a slow-moving river wide and over long, flowing southward across a limestone shelf to Florida Bay at the southern end of the state.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades experience a wide range of weather patterns, from frequent flooding in the wet season to drought in the dry season.", "Wetland __knowledge__ A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem.", "Wetland __knowledge__ The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique hydric soil.", "Wetland __knowledge__ Wetlands play a number of roles in the environment, principally water purification, flood control, carbon sink and shoreline stability.", "Wetland __knowledge__ Wetlands are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of plant and animal life.", "Wetland __knowledge__ Wetlands occur naturally on every continent except Antarctica, the largest includes the Amazon River basin, the West Siberian Plain, and the Pantanal in South America.", "Tropical hardwood hammock __knowledge__ Tropical hardwood hammocks are closed canopy forests, dominated by a diverse assemblage of evergreen and semi-deciduous tree and shrub species, mostly of West Indian origin.", "Tropical hardwood hammock __knowledge__ Tropical hardwood hammocks are found nearly throughout the southern half of South Florida, with large concentrations in Dade County on the Miami Rock Ridge, in Dade and Monroe counties in the Florida Keys and along the northern shores of Florida Bay, and in the Pinecrest region of the Big Cypress Swamp.", "Tropical hardwood hammock __knowledge__ They are not fire maintained communities, although fire may burn into tropical hardwood hammocks under certain conditions.", "Pantanal __knowledge__ The Pantanal () is a natural region encompassing the world's largest tropical wetland area.", "Pantanal __knowledge__ It is located mostly within the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, but it extends into Mato Grosso and portions of Bolivia and Paraguay.", "Pantanal __knowledge__ It sprawls over an area estimated at between .", "Pantanal __knowledge__ Various subregional ecosystems exist, each with distinct hydrological, geological and ecological characteristics; up to 12 of them have been defined (RADAMBRASIL 1982).", "Pantanal __knowledge__ Roughly 80% of the Pantanal floodplains are submerged during the rainy seasons, nurturing an astonishing biologically diverse collection of aquatic plants and helping to support a dense array of animal species.", "Palatinate Forest __knowledge__ The Palatinate Forest (, ), sometimes also called the Palatine Forest, is a low-mountain region in southwestern Germany, located in the Palatinate in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.", "Palatinate Forest __knowledge__ The forest is a designated nature park () covering 1,771 km and its highest elevation is the Kalmit (673 m).", "Palatinate Forest __knowledge__ Together with the northern part of the adjacent Vosges Mountains in France it forms the UNESCO-designated Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve, one of the biggest forests in Europe.", "Palatinate Forest __knowledge__ The Palatinate Forest, together with the Vosges south of the French border, from which it has no morphological separation, is part of a single central upland region of about 8,000 km in area, that runs from the Börrstadt Basin (a line from Winnweiler via Börrstadt and Göllheim) to the Burgundian Gate (on the line Belfort–Ronchamp–Lure) and which forms the western boundary of the Upper Rhine Plain.", "San Joaquin River __knowledge__ The San Joaquin River is the longest river of Central California in the United States.", "San Joaquin River __knowledge__ The long river starts in the high Sierra Nevada, and flows through the rich agricultural region of the northern San Joaquin Valley before reaching Suisun Bay, San Francisco Bay, and the Pacific Ocean.", "San Joaquin River __knowledge__ An important source of irrigation water as well as a wildlife corridor, the San Joaquin is among the most heavily dammed and diverted of California's rivers.", "San Joaquin River __knowledge__ People have inhabited the San Joaquin Valley for more than 8,000 years, and it was long one of the major population centers of pre-Columbian California.", "San Joaquin River __knowledge__ Starting in the late 18th century, successive waves of explorers then settlers, mainly Spanish and American, emigrated to the San Joaquin basin, first exploiting then driving out the indigenous tribes.", "Giant otter __knowledge__ The giant otter or giant river otter (\"Pteronura brasiliensis\") is a South American carnivorous mammal.", "Giant otter __knowledge__ It is the longest member of the Mustelidae, or weasel family, a globally successful group of predators, reaching up to .", "Giant otter __knowledge__ Atypical of mustelids, the giant otter is a social species, with family groups typically supporting three to eight members.", "Giant otter __knowledge__ The groups are centered on a dominant breeding pair and are extremely cohesive and cooperative.", "Giant otter __knowledge__ Although generally peaceful, the species is territorial, and aggression has been observed between groups.", "Giant otter __knowledge__ The giant otter is diurnal, being active exclusively during daylight hours." ] ]

[ 1, 61, 13, 13 ]

[ "I've lived in southern Florida my entire life, Have you been?", "You have to come down if nothing else just to see the Everglades to experience the wide range of weather patterns", "It's is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the state. It's a cross between a giant river and a swamp. ", "My ancestors the Tequestas lived in Miami long before anyone from Europe arrived here. Maybe that is why I love it so much here. " ]

[ "Florida", "Florida", "Florida", "Florida" ]

[ "Nursing\nI just got off work. I work as a Nurse in the ER.", "I work a registered nurse. Currently I work at a military hospital here in San Antonio. Mostly in the ICU.", "Absolutely. A big part of my day is just talking to the patient's families. It's amazing how many people go to the ER everyday.", "I have to go through the doctor for most prescriptions although I heard in a long time ago we were able to prescribe Ultram or Tramadol to patients as needed." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses practice in many specialties with differing levels of prescription authority.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has shaped the public image of nurses as care providers.", "Nursing __knowledge__ However, nurse practitioners are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings.", "Nursing __knowledge__ In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient, the patient's family and other team members, that focuses on treating illness to improve quality of life.", "Nursing __knowledge__ In the United States and the United Kingdom, advanced practice nurses, such as clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners, diagnose health problems and prescribe medications and other therapies, depending on individual state regulations.", "List of secondary nurses in ER __knowledge__ This is a partial list of fictional characters in the medical drama \"ER\".", "List of secondary nurses in ER __knowledge__ Haleh Adams, portrayed by Yvette Freeman, is a nurse in the ER of County General Hospital.", "List of secondary nurses in ER __knowledge__ She is one of only six characters to appear in every season.", "List of secondary nurses in ER __knowledge__ Her appearances were less frequent in the 1997–1998 and 1998–1999 seasons, as Freeman was appearing in the sitcom \"Working\".", "List of secondary nurses in ER __knowledge__ In the 2002 season she returned with a new appearance after losing 120 pounds, but subsequently gained some of the weight back.", "List of secondary nurses in ER __knowledge__ Haleh is a confident and skilled nurse who at times displays a motherly disposition to the staff.", "List of secondary nurses in ER __knowledge__ When Ray Barnett protests angrily at Haleh being allowed to evaluate him to Susan Lewis, Lewis sharply tells him, \"Haleh has been here longer than anyone- she knows what she's talking about.\"", "Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C. __knowledge__ Hapoel Beer-Sheva Football Club (, \"Moadon HaKaduregel Hapoel Be'er Sheva\") is an Israeli football club from the city of Beersheba, that competes in the Israeli Premier League.", "Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C. __knowledge__ The club was founded in 1949, and businesswoman Alona Barkat has run it since 2007.", "Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C. __knowledge__ The club also includes youth groups, teens and children, and football schools.", "Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C. __knowledge__ The home uniform colors of the club are red and white.", "Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C. __knowledge__ Until 1959, the club played its home games at a stadium that was located in the old city of Beersheba.", "Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C. __knowledge__ In 1960, the club moved to Vasermil Stadium.", "Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C. __knowledge__ Starting from the 2015–16 season, the home ground of the team is Turner Stadium.", "Mark Greene __knowledge__ Dr. Mark Greene is a fictional medical doctor from the television series \"ER\", portrayed by the actor Anthony Edwards.", "Mark Greene __knowledge__ For most of his time on the series, Greene's role was that of a mediator and occasional authority figure, and he was considered the main character of the series for the first eight seasons.", "Mark Greene __knowledge__ Mark was also the only original character to die, and his death at the end of Season 8 marked one of the biggest turning points in the series.", "Mark Greene __knowledge__ Mark Greene, an only child, was raised by his mother, Ruth, and father, David.", "Mark Greene __knowledge__ David Greene served in the United States Navy, and thus the family moved frequently and lived all over the country, including: Jacksonville, Florida, Norfolk, Virginia, Corpus Christi, Texas, Washington D.C., Kings Bay, Georgia, and Hawaii, where they spent three years, David's longest assignment.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 12 January 1999 on BBC One.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ The series was created by Tony McHale and Mal Young as a spin-off from the established BBC medical drama \"Casualty\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ It is set in the same hospital as \"Casualty\", Holby General, in the fictional city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with both \"Casualty\" (in episodes broadcast as \"Casualty@Holby City\") and the show's 2007 police procedural spin-off \"HolbyBlue\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" follows the professional and personal lives of surgeons, nurses, other medical and ancillary staff and patients at Holby General.", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ This article lists characters of the television series \"Emergency!\".", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ Roy DeSoto is portrayed by actor Kevin Tighe.", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ DeSoto worked with partner John Gage as a firefighter/paramedic for the Los Angeles County Fire Department at Station 51.", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ He first met Gage when he was recruiting personnel for the newly designated paramedic program, of which he was in the first group of six graduates.", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ He assisted the physicians with instruction during Gage's class at Rampart General Hospital, where his mentors were Dr. Kelly Brackett, Nurse Dixie McCall, and Dr. Joe Early.", "List of Emergency! characters __knowledge__ He was married, and had a son (Chris) and a daughter who was never canonically named, though only his wife, Joanne, appeared in the pilot of the series.", "List of secondary doctors in ER __knowledge__ This is a partial list of fictional characters in the medical drama \"ER\".", "List of secondary doctors in ER __knowledge__ Donald Anspaugh is a recurring character, a surgeon working at County General as well as the Chief of Staff and a member of the hospital board.", "List of secondary doctors in ER __knowledge__ The character was appointed County General's new Chief of Staff after South Side closed and merged with County.", "List of secondary doctors in ER __knowledge__ In his early appearances, Anspaugh was portrayed as a by-the-book doctor.", "List of secondary doctors in ER __knowledge__ In season four it is revealed that his son Scott (portrayed by Trevor Morgan) has B-cell lymphoma.", "List of secondary doctors in ER __knowledge__ The cancer had previously gone into remission but has come back.", "List of secondary doctors in ER __knowledge__ Scott wants to give up and it is only through a personal connection with Jeanie Boulet in the ER that his spirits are raised." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses practice in many specialties with differing levels of prescription authority.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has shaped the public image of nurses as care providers.", "Nursing __knowledge__ However, nurse practitioners are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings.", "Nursing __knowledge__ In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient, the patient's family and other team members, that focuses on treating illness to improve quality of life.", "Nursing __knowledge__ In the United States and the United Kingdom, advanced practice nurses, such as clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners, diagnose health problems and prescribe medications and other therapies, depending on individual state regulations.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ San Antonio ( Spanish for \"Saint Anthony\"), officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh most populous city in the United States and the second most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ Founded as a Spanish mission and colonial outpost in 1718, the city became the first chartered civil settlement in Texas in 1731, making it the state's oldest municipality.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ The city's deep history is contrasted with its rapid growth: it was the fastest-growing of the top ten largest cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the second from 1990 to 2000.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ Straddling the regional divide between South and Central Texas, San Antonio anchors the southwestern corner of an urban megaregion colloquially known as the \"Texas Triangle\".", "Weekend effect __knowledge__ In healthcare, the weekend effect is the finding of a difference in mortality rate for patients admitted to hospital for treatment at the weekend compared to those admitted on a weekday.", "Weekend effect __knowledge__ The effects of the weekend on patient outcomes has been a concern since the late 1970s, and a ‘weekend effect’ is now well documented.", "Weekend effect __knowledge__ Although this is a controversial area, the balance of opinion is that the weekend (and bank holidays) have a deleterious effect on patient care (and specifically increase mortality)—based on the larger studies that have been carried out.", "Weekend effect __knowledge__ Variations in the outcomes for patients treated for many acute and chronic conditions have been studied.", "Advance of the Islamic Courts Union __knowledge__ The Advance of the Islamic Courts Union is the period in the Somali Civil War that began on May 2006 with the Islamic Courts Union's (ICU) conquest of Mogadishu from the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT) and continued with further ICU expansion in the country.", "Advance of the Islamic Courts Union __knowledge__ Following the outbreak of the 2006 Somali War on December 21, 2006, by December 24, direct Ethiopian intervention in the conflict in support of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was no longer denied by the Ethiopian government.", "Advance of the Islamic Courts Union __knowledge__ The Eritrean government denied any involvement despite Ethiopian claims to the contrary.", "Nursing in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Nursing in the United Kingdom has a long history.", "Nursing in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The current form of nursing is often considered as beginning with Florence Nightingale who pioneered 'modern nursing'.", "Nursing in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Florence Nightingale initiated formal schools of nursing in the United Kingdom in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.", "Nursing in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The role and perception of nursing has dramatically changed from that of 'handmaiden' to the doctor to professionals in their own right.", "Nursing in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ There are over 300,000 nurses in the United Kingdom and they work in a variety of settings; hospitals, health centres, nursing homes, hospices, communities, academia etc.", "Nursing in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ with most nurses working for the National Health Service (NHS).", "Emergency medical services __knowledge__ Emergency medical services, also known as ambulance services or paramedic services (abbreviated to the initialism EMS, EMAS, EMARS or SAMU in some countries), are a type of emergency service dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute medical care, transport to definitive care, and other medical transport to patients with illnesses and injuries which prevent the patient from transporting themselves.", "Emergency medical services __knowledge__ Emergency medical services may also be locally known as a paramedic service, a first aid squad, FAST squad, emergency squad, rescue squad, ambulance squad, ambulance service, ambulance corps, or life squad.", "Islamic Courts Union __knowledge__ The Islamic Courts Union (ICU; ; \"Ittihād al-mahākim al-islāmiyya\") was a group of Sharia courts that united themselves to form a rival administration to the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia, with Sharif Sheikh Ahmed as their head.", "Islamic Courts Union __knowledge__ They were also known as the Joint Islamic Courts, Union of Islamic Courts (UIC), Supreme Islamic Courts Council (SICC) or the Supreme Council of Islamic Courts (SCIC).", "Islamic Courts Union __knowledge__ Until the end of 2006, they controlled most of southern Somalia and the vast majority of its population, including most major cities such as Jowhar, Kismayo, Beledweyne, and the capital Mogadishu.", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably.", "Specialty (medicine) __knowledge__ A specialty, or speciality, in medicine is a branch of medical practice.", "Specialty (medicine) __knowledge__ After completing medical school, physicians or surgeons usually further their medical education in a specific specialty of medicine by completing a multiple year residency to become a medical specialist.", "Specialty (medicine) __knowledge__ To a certain extent, medical practitioners have always been specialized.", "Specialty (medicine) __knowledge__ According to Galen, specialization was common among Roman physicians.", "Specialty (medicine) __knowledge__ The particular system of modern medical specialities evolved gradually during the 19th century.", "Specialty (medicine) __knowledge__ Informal social recognition of medical specialization evolved before the formal legal system.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ An electronic health record (EHR), or electronic medical record (EMR), is the systematized collection of patient and population electronically-stored health information in a digital format.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ These records can be shared across different health care settings.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ Records are shared through network-connected, enterprise-wide information systems or other information networks and exchanges.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ EHRs may include a range of data, including demographics, medical history, medication and allergies, immunization status, laboratory test results, radiology images, vital signs, personal statistics like age and weight, and billing information.", "Pathology __knowledge__ Pathology (from the Greek roots of \"pathos\" (), meaning \"experience\" or \"suffering\" whence the English word \"path\" is derived by transliteration, and \"-logia\" (), \"study of\") is a significant component of the causal study of pathogens and a major field in modern medicine and diagnosis.", "Pathology __knowledge__ Hence, 'the study of paths', by which disease comes.", "Pathology __knowledge__ The term pathology itself may be used broadly to refer to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of bioscience research fields and medical practices (including plant pathology and veterinary pathology), or more narrowly to describe work within the contemporary medical field of \"general pathology,\" which includes a number of distinct but inter-related medical specialties that diagnose disease—mostly through analysis of tissue, cell, and body fluid samples.", "Forensic nursing __knowledge__ Forensic nursing is defined as the application of the nursing process to public or legal proceedings, and the application of forensic health care in the scientific investigation of trauma and/or death related to abuse, violence, criminal activity, liability, and accidents.", "Forensic nursing __knowledge__ Before there was a specialty recognized as forensic nursing, the term used was clinical forensic medicine.", "Forensic nursing __knowledge__ This term describes the use of clinical practices to support judicial proceedings to protect a victim, usually after death has occurred.", "Forensic nursing __knowledge__ It was not until the late 20th century that medical professionals wanted more collaboration between the medical and legal systems." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses practice in many specialties with differing levels of prescription authority.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has shaped the public image of nurses as care providers.", "Nursing __knowledge__ However, nurse practitioners are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings.", "Nursing __knowledge__ In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient, the patient's family and other team members, that focuses on treating illness to improve quality of life.", "Nursing __knowledge__ In the United States and the United Kingdom, advanced practice nurses, such as clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners, diagnose health problems and prescribe medications and other therapies, depending on individual state regulations.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Eve (also known as Old Year's Day or Saint Sylvester's Day in many countries), the last day of the year, is on 31 December which is the seventh day of Christmastide.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In many countries, New Year's Eve is celebrated at evening social gatherings, where many people dance, eat, drink alcoholic beverages, and watch or light fireworks to mark the new year.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Some Christians attend a watchnight service.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ The celebrations generally go on past midnight into New Year's Day, 1 January.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Samoa, Tonga and Kiritimati (Christmas Island), part of Kiribati, are the first places to welcome the New Year while American Samoa and Baker Island in the United States of America are among the last.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ In sociolinguistics, a T–V distinction (from the Latin pronouns tu\" and vos\") is a contrast, within one language, between various forms of addressing one's conversation partner or partners that are specialized for varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, age or insult toward the addressee.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on more explicit wording to convey these meanings.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ The morphosyntactic T–V distinction, though, is found in a variety of languages around the world.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Modern English technically has the T–V distinction, manifested in the pronouns \"thou\" and \"you\", though the familiar \"thou\" is no longer used in most contemporary dialects.", "International Workers' Day __knowledge__ International Workers' Day, also known as Labour Day or Workers' Day in some countries, and often referred to as May Day, is a celebration of labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement which occurs every year on May Day (1 May), an ancient European spring festival.", "International Workers' Day __knowledge__ The date was chosen by a pan-national organization of socialist and communist political parties to commemorate the Haymarket affair, which occurred in Chicago on 4 May 1886.", "International Workers' Day __knowledge__ The 1904 Sixth Conference of the Second International, called on \"all Social Democratic Party organisations and trade unions of all countries to demonstrate energetically on the First of May for the legal establishment of the 8-hour day, for the class demands of the proletariat, and for universal peace.\"", "Expressive aphasia __knowledge__ Expressive aphasia, also known as Broca's aphasia, is characterized by partial loss of the ability to produce language (spoken, manual, or written), although comprehension generally remains intact.", "Expressive aphasia __knowledge__ A person with expressive aphasia will exhibit effortful speech.", "Expressive aphasia __knowledge__ Speech generally includes important content words, but leaves out function words that have only grammatical significance and not real-world meaning, such as prepositions and articles.", "Expressive aphasia __knowledge__ This is known as \"telegraphic speech\".", "Expressive aphasia __knowledge__ The person's intended message may still be understood but his or her sentence will not be grammatically correct.", "Expressive aphasia __knowledge__ In very severe forms of expressive aphasia, a person may only speak using single word utterances.", "Craig Cardiff __knowledge__ Craig Cardiff (born 9 July 1976) is a Canadian folk singer from Waterloo, Ontario, who has released sixteen albums, both live and studio-based since 1997.", "Craig Cardiff __knowledge__ He regularly tours North America and Europe, and lives in Arnprior, Ontario.", "Craig Cardiff __knowledge__ In 2012, Cardiff was nominated for a Juno Award for Roots and Traditional Album of the Year: Solo and for a Canadian Folk Music Award as Contemporary Singer of the Year.", "Craig Cardiff __knowledge__ Craig Cardiff was born July, 1976 to Judy and Charles Cardiff.", "Craig Cardiff __knowledge__ He grew up with his younger sisters Catherine, Susan and Elizabeth in Waterloo, Ontario, where both his parents were school teachers.", "Craig Cardiff __knowledge__ Music was important during his upbringing and he was motivated by his parents to play an instrument.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded national healthcare system for England and one of the four National Health Services of the United Kingdom.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ It is the largest single-payer healthcare system in the world.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ Primarily funded through the general taxation system and overseen by the Department of Health, NHS England provides healthcare to all legal English residents, with most services free at the point of use.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ Some services, such as emergency treatment and treatment of infectious diseases are free for everyone, including visitors.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ Free healthcare at the point of use comes from the core principles at the founding of the National Health Service by the Labour government in 1948.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ This article provides a brief overview of the health systems of the world, sorted by continent.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ When Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962, there were only around 300 doctors across the whole country and no proper system of healthcare.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ Over the next few decades, great progress was made in building up the health sector, with the training of doctors and the creation of many health facilities.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ Today, Algeria has an established network of hospitals (including university hospitals), clinics, medical centres and small health units or dispensaries.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ While equipment and medicines may not always be the latest available, staffing levels are high and the country has one of the best healthcare systems in Africa.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ An electronic health record (EHR), or electronic medical record (EMR), is the systematized collection of patient and population electronically-stored health information in a digital format.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ These records can be shared across different health care settings.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ Records are shared through network-connected, enterprise-wide information systems or other information networks and exchanges.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ EHRs may include a range of data, including demographics, medical history, medication and allergies, immunization status, laboratory test results, radiology images, vital signs, personal statistics like age and weight, and billing information.", "Patient safety __knowledge__ Patient safety is a discipline that emphasizes safety in health care through the prevention, reduction, reporting, and analysis of medical error that often leads to adverse effects.", "Patient safety __knowledge__ The frequency and magnitude of avoidable adverse events experienced by patients was not well known until the 1990s, when multiple countries reported staggering numbers of patients harmed and killed by medical errors.", "Patient safety __knowledge__ Recognizing that healthcare errors impact 1 in every 10 patients around the world, the World Health Organization calls patient safety an endemic concern.", "Patient safety __knowledge__ Indeed, patient safety has emerged as a distinct healthcare discipline supported by an immature yet developing scientific framework.", "Nursing shortage __knowledge__ Nursing shortage refers to a situation where the demand for nursing professionals, such as Registered Nurses (RNs), exceeds the supply—locally (e.g., within a health care facility), nationally or globally.", "Nursing shortage __knowledge__ It can be measured, for instance, when the nurse-to-patient ratio, the nurse-to-population ratio, or the number of job openings necessitates a higher number of nurses than currently available.", "Nursing shortage __knowledge__ This situation is observed in developed and developing nations around the world.", "Nursing shortage __knowledge__ Nursing shortage is not necessarily due to a lack of supply of trained nurses.", "Nursing shortage __knowledge__ In some cases, perceived shortages occur simultaneously with increased admission rates of students into nursing schools." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses practice in many specialties with differing levels of prescription authority.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has shaped the public image of nurses as care providers.", "Nursing __knowledge__ However, nurse practitioners are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings.", "Nursing __knowledge__ In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient, the patient's family and other team members, that focuses on treating illness to improve quality of life.", "Nursing __knowledge__ In the United States and the United Kingdom, advanced practice nurses, such as clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners, diagnose health problems and prescribe medications and other therapies, depending on individual state regulations.", "Tramadol __knowledge__ Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain.", "Tramadol __knowledge__ When taken by mouth in an immediate-release formulation, the onset of pain relief usually occurs within an hour.", "Tramadol __knowledge__ It is often combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) as this is known to improve the efficacy of tramadol in relieving pain.", "Tramadol __knowledge__ Common side effects include: constipation, itchiness and nausea.", "Tramadol __knowledge__ Serious side effects may include seizures, increased risk of serotonin syndrome, decreased alertness, and drug addiction, A change in dosage may be recommended in those with kidney or liver problems.", "Medical prescription __knowledge__ A *prescription* is a health-care program implemented by a physician or other qualified health care practitioner in the form of instructions that govern the plan of care for an individual patient.", "Medical prescription __knowledge__ The term often refers to a health care provider's written authorization for a patient to purchase a prescription drug from a pharmacist.", "Medical prescription __knowledge__ The format of a prescription falls in to seven parts.", "Medical prescription __knowledge__ However, with modern prescribing habits, some are no longer applicable or included on an everyday basis.", "Medical prescription __knowledge__ Definition: For such prescriptions to be accepted as a legal medical prescription, it needs to be filed by a qualified dentist, herbalist, nurse, pharmacist, physician, veterinarian etc., which falls within their remit to prescribe such treatments.", "Opioid epidemic __knowledge__ The opioid epidemic or opioid crisis is the rapid increase in the use of prescription and non-prescription opioid drugs in the United States and Canada beginning in the late 1990s and continuing throughout the first two decades of the 2000s.", "Opioid epidemic __knowledge__ Opioids are a diverse class of moderately strong painkillers, including oxycodone (commonly sold under the trade names OxyContin and Percocet), hydrocodone (Vicodin), and a very strong painkiller, fentanyl, which is synthesized to resemble other opiates such as opium-derived morphine and heroin.", "Opioid epidemic __knowledge__ The potency and availability of these substances, despite their high risk of addiction and overdose, have made them popular both as formal medical treatments and as recreational drugs.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Prescription drug __knowledge__ A prescription drug (also prescription medication or prescription medicine) is a pharmaceutical drug that legally requires a medical prescription to be dispensed.", "Prescription drug __knowledge__ In contrast, over-the-counter drugs can be obtained without a prescription.", "Prescription drug __knowledge__ The reason for this difference in substance control is the potential scope of misuse, from drug abuse to practicing medicine without a license and without sufficient education.", "Prescription drug __knowledge__ Different jurisdictions have different definitions of what constitutes a prescription drug.", "Prescription drug __knowledge__ \"Rx\" (℞) is often used as a short form for prescription drug in North America- a contraction of the Latin word \"\"recipe\"\" (an imperative form of \"recipere\") meaning \"take\".", "Venlafaxine __knowledge__ Venlafaxine, sold under the brand name Effexor among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class.", "Venlafaxine __knowledge__ This means it increases the concentrations of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the body and the brain.", "Venlafaxine __knowledge__ First introduced by Wyeth in 1993, now marketed by Pfizer, it is licensed for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and social phobia.", "Venlafaxine __knowledge__ A comparative meta-analysis of 12 major antidepressants found that venlafaxine, mirtazapine, escitalopram, and sertraline were significantly more efficacious than duloxetine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and reboxetine.", "Fibromyalgia __knowledge__ Fibromyalgia (FM) is a medical condition characterised by chronic widespread pain and a heightened pain response to pressure.", "Fibromyalgia __knowledge__ Other symptoms include tiredness to a degree that normal activities are affected, sleep problems, and troubles with memory.", "Fibromyalgia __knowledge__ Some people also report restless legs syndrome, bowel or bladder problems, numbness and tingling, and sensitivity to noise, lights or temperature.", "Fibromyalgia __knowledge__ Fibromyalgia is frequently associated with depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder.", "Fibromyalgia __knowledge__ Other types of chronic pain are also frequently present.", "Fibromyalgia __knowledge__ The cause of fibromyalgia is unknown; however, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors with half the risk attributed to each.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ A mental health professional is a health care practitioner or community services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new community mental health agencies begun in the 1970s to assist individuals moving from state hospitals, to prevent admissions, and to provide support in homes, jobs, education and community.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ These individuals (i.e., state office personnel, private sector personnel, and non-profit, now voluntary sector personnel) were the forefront brigade to develop the community programs, which today may be referred to by names such as supported housing, psychiatric rehabilitation, supported or transitional employment, sheltered workshops, supported education, daily living skills, affirmative industries, dual diagnosis treatment, individual and family psychoeducation, adult day care, foster care, family services and mental health counseling.", "Psychologist __knowledge__ A psychologist is a mental health professional who evaluates and studies behavior and mental processes.", "Psychologist __knowledge__ In order to become a psychologist, a person often completes a graduate university degree in psychology, but in most jurisdictions, members of other behavioral professions (such as counselors and psychiatrists) can also evaluate, diagnose, treat, and study mental processes.", "Psychologist __knowledge__ Psychologists can be seen as practicing within two general categories of psychology: applied psychology which includes \"practitioners\" or \"professionals\", and research-orientated psychology which includes \"scientists\", or \"scholars\".", "Emergency medical services __knowledge__ Emergency medical services, also known as ambulance services or paramedic services (abbreviated to the initialism EMS, EMAS, EMARS or SAMU in some countries), are a type of emergency service dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute medical care, transport to definitive care, and other medical transport to patients with illnesses and injuries which prevent the patient from transporting themselves.", "Emergency medical services __knowledge__ Emergency medical services may also be locally known as a paramedic service, a first aid squad, FAST squad, emergency squad, rescue squad, ambulance squad, ambulance service, ambulance corps, or life squad.", "Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner __knowledge__ In the United States, a Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) is an advanced practice registered nurse trained to provide a wide range of mental health services to patients and families in a variety of settings.", "Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner __knowledge__ PMHNPs diagnose, conduct therapy, and prescribe medications for patients who have psychiatric disorders, medical organic brain disorders or substance abuse problems.", "Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner __knowledge__ They are licensed to provide emergency psychiatric services, psychosocial and physical assessment of their patients, treatment plans, and manage patient care.", "Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner __knowledge__ They may also serve as consultants or as educators for families and staff.", "Optometry __knowledge__ Optometry is a health care profession which involves examining the eyes and applicable visual systems for defects or abnormalities as well as the medical diagnosis and management of eye disease.", "Optometry __knowledge__ Traditionally, the field of optometry began with the primary focus of correcting refractive error through the use of spectacles.", "Optometry __knowledge__ Modern day optometry, however, has evolved through time so that the education curriculum additionally includes intensive medical training in the diagnosis and management of ocular disease in countries where the profession is established and regulated.", "Optometry __knowledge__ Optometrists (also known as Doctors of Optometry in the US and Canada for those holding the O.D.", "Midwife __knowledge__ A midwife is a professional in midwifery, specializing in pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, women's sexual and reproductive health (including annual gynecological exams, family planning, menopausal care and others), and newborn care.", "Midwife __knowledge__ They are also educated and trained to recognise the variations of normal progress of labor, and understand how to deal with deviations from normal.", "Midwife __knowledge__ They may intervene in high risk situations such as breech births, twin births and births where the baby is in a posterior position, using non-invasive techniques.", "Midwife __knowledge__ When a pregnant woman requires care beyond the midwife's scope of practice, they refer women to obstetricians or perinatologists who are medical specialists in complications related to pregnancy and birth, including surgical and instrumental deliveries." ] ]

[ 3, 7, 8, 5 ]

[ "Nurses practice many specialties within the field. Do you have a specific one?", "Nurses have to develop a plan of a care to help work with the doctors, the patient, and the patients family.", "In the US and the UK advanced nurses can prescribe medications and other therapies, although the details are regulated on state level.", "Nurse practitioners are even permitted to practice independently in a variety of settings." ]

[ "Nursing", "Nursing", "Nursing", "Nursing" ]

[ "Beach", "Thats awesome, I love the beach and I also love to boogeyboard haha. What do you like to do on the beach? ", "That sounds awesome, I sometimes make sand castles and build giant holes in the sand and build forts and just goof off, What beaches are your favorite? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "Yggdra Unison __knowledge__ The object of the game is to bring the rest of the world under the player's control.", "Yggdra Unison __knowledge__ There are twelve playable armies, but at the start of the game, only Yggdra and Milanor may be selected.", "Yggdra Unison __knowledge__ The other ten armies must be unlocked by fulfilling two to four conditions during a playthrough; what an army's conditions are can be viewed from the selection screen, with fulfilled conditions appearing in red.", "Yggdra Unison __knowledge__ Much like other Sting games, the phases of Yggdra Unison are called \"turns\"; \"turns\" are split up into three parts—preparation, combat, and treasure hunting.", "Yggdra Unison __knowledge__ During the preparation stage, the player is prompted to choose which card will be effective during the combat stage.", "Sedan delivery __knowledge__ A sedan delivery, commonly called a delivery in American English and a car derived van in British English, is a two-door station wagon with driver and front passenger seats or driver's only seat, and steel sheet-metal panels in place of rear side windows.", "Sedan delivery __knowledge__ Sedan deliveries have spartan interior trim and were used by businesses ranging from plumbers, couriers and local merchants such as bakeries as cargo vans are used today.", "Sedan delivery __knowledge__ Ford produced two vehicles, known as a \"Town Car Delivery\" and \"Wood Panel Delivery\", as part of its Ford Model A (1927–31) lineup.", "Sedan delivery __knowledge__ Later Plymouth produced a sedan delivery from 1935 until 1941.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ Hong Kong has a long coastline that is full of twists and turns with many bays and beaches.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ Many of them are well sheltered by mountains nearby, as Hong Kong is a mountainous place.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ As a result, large waves seldom appear at the bays, making them suitable for human swimming.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ However, with the increasing development and urbanisation of Hong Kong, water quality has worsened resulting in the closure of several beaches previously suitable for swimming.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ These include Approach Beach, Ting Kau Beach, Anglers' Beach, Gemini Beaches, Hoi Mei Wan Beach, Casam Beach and Lido Beach in Tsuen Wan.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ In 2011, Lido Beach, Casam Beach, Approach Beach and Hoi Mei Wan Beach were reopened following an improvement in water quality.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Tuen Mun District () is one of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Its name was previously 'Tsing Shan' and it changed in the 1970s.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ It is the westernmost continental district of Hong Kong, located about 32 km from the Kowloon Peninsula, 7 km southwest of Yuen Long and 18 km west of Tsuen Wan.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ It had a population of 488,831 in 2001.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Part of the district is the Tuen Mun New Town, which contains one of the largest residential areas in the New Territories.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ According to Old history book of Tang dynasty ( Chinese traditional; ) Tuen Mun was a major trading port, and there were garrison soldiers defenced in the area as early as Tang dynasty ( A.D. 618--AD.", "Changing room __knowledge__ A changing room, locker room, dressing room (usually in a sports, theater or staff context) or changeroom (regional use) is a room or area designated for changing one's clothes.", "Changing room __knowledge__ Changing rooms are provided in a semi-public situation to enable people to change clothes in privacy, either individually or on a gender basis.", "Changing room __knowledge__ Separate changing rooms may be provided for men and women, or there may be a non-gender specific open space with individual cubicles or stalls.", "Changing room __knowledge__ Sometimes a person may change his or her clothes in a toilet cubicle of a washroom.", "Changing room __knowledge__ Many changing rooms include washrooms and showers.", "Changing room __knowledge__ Sometimes a changing room exists as a small portion of a washroom.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "Strandkorb __knowledge__ A strandkorb (from German, meaning: \"beach basket\"; Danish: \"strandkurv\"; English: hooded beach chair) is a special hooded windbreak seating furniture used at vacation and seaside resorts, constructed from wicker, wood panels and canvas, usually seating up to two persons, with reclining backrests.", "Strandkorb __knowledge__ It was designed to provide comfort seating and shelter from wind, rain, sand gusts and sunburn on beach seafront resorts frequented by tourists.", "Strandkorb __knowledge__ Other built-in details, like extendable footrests, sun awning, side folding tables and storage space, provide the user with several comforts.", "Strandkorb __knowledge__ Strandkorbs are found at nearly all beach seafront resorts of the North Sea and Baltic Sea in Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, as well as other beach seafronts where sudden fluctuations in adverse weather conditions and wind gusts can prevail.", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ Jacob Riis Park, also called Jacob A. Riis Park or Jacob Riis State Park, is a seaside park at the southwestern end the Rockaway Peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens.", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ It lies at the foot of the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, adjacent to the east of Fort Tilden, and west of Neponsit and Rockaway Beach.", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ Originally a city-run park under the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, it is currently part of the Jamaica Bay Unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area, and is managed by the National Park Service (NPS).", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ Plans emerged for a coastal park located in the Rockaways in the early 20th Century, with the property acquired by the city in 1912." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland __knowledge__ Castles have played an important military, economic and social role in Great Britain and Ireland since their introduction following the Norman invasion of England in 1066.", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland __knowledge__ Although a small number of castles had been built in England in the 1050s, the Normans began to build motte and bailey and ringworks castles in large numbers to control their newly occupied territories in England and the Welsh Marches.", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland __knowledge__ During the 12th century the Normans began to build more castles in stone – with characteristic square keeps – that played both military and political roles.", "Castles in Great Britain and Ireland __knowledge__ Royal castles were used to control key towns and the economically important forests, while baronial castles were used by the Norman lords to control their widespread estates.", "Castle __knowledge__ A castle (from ) is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by European nobility.", "Castle __knowledge__ Scholars debate the scope of the word \"castle\", but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble.", "Castle __knowledge__ This is distinct from a palace, which is not fortified; from a fortress, which was not always a residence for nobility; and from a fortified settlement, which was a public defence – though there are many similarities among these types of construction.", "Castle __knowledge__ Usage of the term has varied over time and has been applied to structures as diverse as hill forts and country houses.", "Sand art and play __knowledge__ Sand art is the practice of modelling sand into an artistic form, such as a sand brushing, sand sculpture, sandpainting, or sand bottles.", "Sand art and play __knowledge__ A sandcastle is a type of sand sculpture resembling a miniature building, often a castle.", "Sand art and play __knowledge__ The two basic building ingredients, sand and water, are available in abundance on a sandy beach, so most sand play takes place there, or in a sandpit.", "Sand art and play __knowledge__ Tidal beaches generally have sand that limits height and structure because of the shape of the sand grains.", "Sand art and play __knowledge__ Good sculpture sand is somewhat dirty, having silt and clay that helps lock the irregular-shaped sand grains together.", "Sand Castles (film) __knowledge__ Sand Castles is a 2014 American independent drama film directed by Clenét Verdi-Rose and starring Jordon Hodges and Anne Winters.", "Sand Castles (film) __knowledge__ It co-stars Randy Spence, Saxon Trainor, Daniella Grace, Scott Jemison, and Clint Howard.", "Sand Castles (film) __knowledge__ Filming took place in Goshen, Indiana and St. Joseph, Michigan in October 2012.", "Sand Castles (film) __knowledge__ The film had its world premiere on March 21, 2014 at the Gasparilla Film Festival, where it won the Grand Jury Prize in the festival's New Visions Competition.", "Sand Castles (film) __knowledge__ The film will have its North America release by MarVista Entertainment on February 16, 2016.", "Sand Castles (film) __knowledge__ In rural Indiana, Noah Daly (Jordon Hodges) and his impoverished family wrestle with the mysterious return of his now mute sister Lauren (Anne Winters), who was kidnapped and held captive for over a decade.", "Tangub __knowledge__ ', officially the ', (, ), or simply referred to as Tangub City, is a in the province of , .", "Tangub __knowledge__ According to the , it has a population of people.", "Tangub __knowledge__ The city was formerly called Regidor until 1930 when it was given its current name.", "Tangub __knowledge__ Tangub is politically subdivided into 55 barangays.", "Tangub __knowledge__ In the , the population of Tangub was people, with a density of .", "Tangub __knowledge__ Tangub, through its Sinanduloy Cultural Troupe, is a regular participant of the Sinulog Festival, a festival held in Cebu City.", "Tangub __knowledge__ This festival is the pageantry of sights, sounds and colors as it honors and pays homage to the patron saint of Cebu, Sr. Sto.", "Tangub __knowledge__ Niño, the child Jesus.", "Device Forts __knowledge__ The Device Forts, also known as Henrician castles and blockhouses, were a series of artillery fortifications built to defend the coast of England and Wales by Henry VIII.", "Device Forts __knowledge__ Traditionally, the Crown had left coastal defences in the hands of local lords and communities but the threat of French and Spanish invasion led the King to issue an order, called a \"device\", for a major programme of work between 1539 and 1547.", "Device Forts __knowledge__ The fortifications ranged from large stone castles positioned to protect the Downs anchorage in Kent, to small blockhouses overlooking the entrance to Milford Haven in Pembrokeshire, and earthwork bulwarks along the Essex coast.", "Bentonite __knowledge__ Bentonite is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite.", "Bentonite __knowledge__ It was named by Wilbur C. Knight in 1898 after the Cretaceous Benton Shale near Rock River, Wyoming.", "Bentonite __knowledge__ The different types of bentonite are each named after the respective dominant element, such as potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and aluminium (Al).", "Bentonite __knowledge__ Experts debate a number of nomenclatorial problems with the classification of bentonite clays.", "Bentonite __knowledge__ Bentonite usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash, most often in the presence of water.", "Bentonite __knowledge__ However, the term bentonite, as well as a similar clay called tonstein, has been used to describe clay beds of uncertain origin.", "Barefoot __knowledge__ Barefoot is the most common term for the state of not wearing any footwear.", "Barefoot __knowledge__ Wearing footwear is an exclusively human characteristic, however some animals held by humans are also issued with footwear, such as horses and, more rarely dogs and cats.", "Barefoot __knowledge__ There are health benefits and some risks associated with going barefoot.", "Barefoot __knowledge__ Footwear provides protection from cuts, abrasions, bruises, and impacts from objects on the ground or the ground texture itself, as well as from frost or heat burns, and parasites like hookworm in extreme situations.", "Barefoot __knowledge__ However, shoes can limit the flexibility, strength, and mobility of the foot and can lead to higher incidences of flexible flat foot, bunions, hammer toe, and Morton's neuroma.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.", "Soil __knowledge__ The Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere.", "Soil __knowledge__ The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates \"ground stone\".", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution).", "Echinoderm __knowledge__ Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, \"echinos\" – \"hedgehog\" and δέρμα, \"derma\" – \"skin\") of marine animals.", "Echinoderm __knowledge__ The adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or \"stone lilies\".", "Echinoderm __knowledge__ Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone.", "Echinoderm __knowledge__ The phylum contains about 7000 living species, making it the second-largest grouping of deuterostomes (a superphylum), after the chordates (which include the vertebrates, such as birds, fishes, mammals, and reptiles).", "Foot whipping __knowledge__ Foot whipping or bastinado is a method of corporal punishment which consists in hitting the bare soles of a person's feet.", "Foot whipping __knowledge__ Unlike most types of flogging, this punishment was meant to be more painful than it was to cause actual injury to the victim.", "Foot whipping __knowledge__ Blows were generally delivered with a light rod, knotted cord, or lash.", "Foot whipping __knowledge__ The receiving person is required to be barefoot.", "Foot whipping __knowledge__ The uncovered soles of the feet need to be placed in an exposed position.", "Foot whipping __knowledge__ The beating is typically performed with an object in the type of a cane or switch.", "Foot whipping __knowledge__ The strokes are usually aimed at the arches of the feet and repeated a certain number of times.", "Desert __knowledge__ A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.", "Desert __knowledge__ The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation.", "Desert __knowledge__ About one third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid.", "Desert __knowledge__ This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or \"cold deserts\".", "Desert __knowledge__ Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls, by the temperature that prevails, by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location.", "Soil mechanics __knowledge__ Soil mechanics is a branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils.", "Soil mechanics __knowledge__ It differs from fluid mechanics and solid mechanics in the sense that soils consist of a heterogeneous mixture of fluids (usually air and water) and particles (usually clay, silt, sand, and gravel) but soil may also contain organic solids and other matter.", "Soil mechanics __knowledge__ Along with rock mechanics, soil mechanics provides the theoretical basis for analysis in geotechnical engineering, a subdiscipline of civil engineering, and engineering geology, a subdiscipline of geology.", "Soil mechanics __knowledge__ Soil mechanics is used to analyze the deformations of and flow of fluids within natural and man-made structures that are supported on or made of soil, or structures that are buried in soils." ] ]

[ 4, 1, 5 ]

[ "I'm going to the beach tomorrow! It's a great beach with lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers - but I have to bring my own beach chair!", "I love to swim in the body of water and also walk through the loose particles of sand in my bare feet!", "My favorite beaches are the ones at a tropical resort - especially the ones near hotels, and restaurants!" ]

[ "Beach", "Beach", "Beach" ]

[ "Surfing", "yeah, I have seen it before! Do you participate in the sport?", "It is fascinating! When was surfing invented?", "People can surf in lakes and rivers? How is that even possible? Rivers don't have waves, right?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ Yeah Yeah Yeahs is an American indie rock band formed in New York City in 2000.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The group is composed of vocalist and pianist Karen O, guitarist and keyboardist Nick Zinner, and drummer Brian Chase.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ They are complemented in live performances by second guitarist David Pajo, who joined as a touring member in 2009 and replaced Imaad Wasif who had previously held this role.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ According to an interview that aired during the ABC network's \"Live from Central Park SummerStage\" series, the band's name was taken from modern New York City vernacular.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The band has recorded four studio albums; the first, \"Fever to Tell\", was released in 2003.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 23, 2004, by Arista Records.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004, with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri, along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon, among others.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Primarily an R&B album, \"Confessions\" showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos, incorporating musical genres of dance-pop, hip hop and crunk.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ The album's themes generated controversy about Usher's personal relationships; however, the album's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects Dupri's own personal story.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ Windsurfing is a surface water sport that combines elements of surfing and sailing.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ It consists of a board usually 2.5 to 3 meters long, with displacements typically between 60 and 250 litres, powered by wind on a sail.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ The rig is connected to the board by a free-rotating universal joint and consists of a mast, boom and sail.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ The sail area generally ranges from 2.5 m to 12 m depending on the conditions, the skill of the sailor, the type of windsurfing being undertaken and the weight of the person windsurfing.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ Some credit S. Newman Darby with the origination of windsurfing by 1964 on the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania, USA when he invented the \"sailboard\", which, incidentally, he did not patent.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ Big wave surfing is a discipline within surfing in which experienced surfers paddle into or are towed onto waves which are at least 20 feet (6.2 m) high, on surf boards known as \"guns\" or towboards.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ Sizes of the board needed to successfully surf these waves vary by the size of the wave as well as the technique the surfer uses to reach the wave.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ A larger, longer board allows a rider to paddle fast enough to catch the wave and has the advantage of being more stable, but it also limits maneuverability and surfing speed.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ The current world No.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ 1 big wave rider is Makua Rothman.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ In 1992, big wave surfers such as Laird Hamilton and Darrick Doerner introduced a cross over sport called tow-in surfing.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ The following is a list of surface water sports; these are sports which are performed atop a body of water.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ Discing (also known as \"saucering\" in New England) consists of standing on a circular wooden disc and being towed behind the boat in a manner akin to water skiing.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ The disc (or \"saucer\") is gripped by the feet and supports the rider by means of spreading his/her weight evenly across the water.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ It requires good balance, and is difficult to perform at extremely high speeds.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ Saucer tricks include spinning, jumping, and sharing a disk with one or more partners.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ Disks vary from 12 inches to 5 feet in diameter.", "Kiteboarding __knowledge__ Kiteboarding is a on and above water sport combining aspects of wakeboarding, snowboarding, windsurfing, surfing, paragliding, skateboarding and sailing into one extreme sport.", "Kiteboarding __knowledge__ A kiteboarder harnesses the power of the wind with a large controllable power kite to be propelled across the water on a kiteboard similar to a wakeboard or a small surfboard, with or without footstraps or bindings.", "Kiteboarding __knowledge__ Kitesurfing is a style of kiteboarding specific to wave riding, which uses standard surfboards or boards shaped specifically for the purpose.", "Kiteboarding __knowledge__ There are different styles of kiteboarding, including freestyle, freeride, downwinders, speed, course racing, wakestyle, jumping and kitesurfing in the waves.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing is a low-key movement started by longtime surfer, Peter Cuming, in 1995 with surf elders Rob Conneelly, Nat Young and surf artist Roscoe Kermode.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing was established as an initiative to promote the traditions of free surfing, respect for the ocean, the land and indigenous and local cultures wherever surfers are and travel, fostering community spirit and an harmonious relationship with the natural environment.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ These key messages are shared and encouraged in the water amongst surfers and through other opportunities such as festivals, forums, gatherings and local surfing communities.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Playboating __knowledge__ Playboating is a discipline of whitewater kayaking or canoeing where the paddler performs various technical moves in one place (a playspot), as opposed to downriver whitewater canoeing or kayaking where the objective is to travel the length of a section of river (although whitewater paddlers will often stop and play en route).", "Playboating __knowledge__ Specialised canoes or kayaks (boats) known as playboats are often used, but any boat can be used for playing.", "Playboating __knowledge__ The moves and tricks are often similar to those performed by snowboarders, surfers or skaters, where the athlete completes spins, flips, turns, etc.", "Playboating __knowledge__ With modern playboats it is possible to get the kayak and the paddler completely airborne while performing tricks.", "Tom Curren __knowledge__ Tom Curren (born July 3, 1964, in Santa Barbara, California, United States) is an American surfer.", "Tom Curren __knowledge__ He was born to father Pat (big-wave legend and shaper) and mother Jeanine.", "Tom Curren __knowledge__ His brother Joe is also a professional surfer and popular photographer and he also has a sister named Anna.", "Tom Curren __knowledge__ Curren grew up raised primarily by his mother, and spent much of his free time in the ocean.", "Tom Curren __knowledge__ Taught to surf by his father, who was a big wave rider, Curren drew on his lineage and had a natural affinity for the ocean and the long surf break of Rincon Point, near his home in Santa Barbara.", "Tom Curren __knowledge__ He progressed quickly and drew the attention of the surf media.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The Silver Surfer is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The character also appears in a number of movies, television, and video game adaptations.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The character was created by Jack Kirby, and first appeared in the comic book \"Fantastic Four\" #48, published in 1966.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The Silver Surfer is a humanoid with metallic skin who can travel space with the aid of his surfboard-like craft.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ Originally a young astronomer named Norrin Radd on the planet Zenn-La, he saved his homeworld from the planet devourer, Galactus, by serving as his herald.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ Imbued in return with a tiny portion of Galactus's Power Cosmic, Radd acquired vast power, a new body and a surfboard-like craft on which he could travel faster than light.", "Bodyboarding __knowledge__ Bodyboarding is a water sport in which the surfer rides a bodyboard on the crest, face, and curl of a wave which is carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Bodyboarding __knowledge__ Bodyboarding is also referred to as \"Boogieboarding\" due to the invention of the \"Boogie Board\" by Tom Morey.", "Bodyboarding __knowledge__ The average bodyboarding consists of a short, rectangular piece of hydrodynamic foam.", "Bodyboarding __knowledge__ Bodyboarders typically use swim fins for additional propulsion and control while riding a breaking wave.", "Bodyboarding __knowledge__ Bodyboarding originates from an ancient form of riding waves (surfing) on one's belly.", "Bodyboarding __knowledge__ Indigenous Polynesians rode \"alaia\" (pronounced ah-lie-ah) boards either on their belly, knees, or feet (in rare instances).", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Mavericks is a surfing location in northern California about from shore outside Pillar Point Harbor, just north of the town of Half Moon Bay at the village of Princeton-by-the-Sea.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ After a strong winter storm in the northern Pacific Ocean, waves can routinely crest at over and top out at over .", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Routinely, waves that break can be recorded on seismometers.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ The break is caused by an unusually shaped underwater rock formation.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Mavericks is a winter destination for some of the world's best big wave surfers.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Very few riders become big wave surfers, and of those, only a select few are willing to risk their lives under the hazardous, sometimes deadly, conditions at Mavericks.", "Skurfing (sport) __knowledge__ Skurfing as a sport has two common forms: \"water skurfing\" and \"street skurfing\".", "Skurfing (sport) __knowledge__ Water Skurfing was inspired by a unknown man being pulled by a boat on a surfboard in Lake Havasu, AZ.", "Skurfing (sport) __knowledge__ Water Skurfing is a form of water skiing that uses a surfboard or similar board instead of skis.", "Skurfing (sport) __knowledge__ The skurfer is towed behind a motorboat at planing speed with a tow rope similar to that of Knee Boarding and wakeboarding.", "Skurfing (sport) __knowledge__ It shares an advantage with kneeboarding in that the motorboat does not require as much speed as it does for water skiing.", "Skurfing (sport) __knowledge__ Skurfing is a towsport and it is very similar to water skiing.", "Skurfing (sport) __knowledge__ The skurfboard, however, is a surfboard and is usually shorter by about two feet, wider and has three larger fins that make the board easier to manoeuvre while being pulled behind a boat.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown.", "Kayak __knowledge__ A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic word \"qajaq\" ().", "Kayak __knowledge__ The traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The cockpit is sometimes covered by a spray deck that prevents the entry of water from waves or spray and makes it possible for suitably skilled kayakers to roll the kayak: that is, to capsize and right it without it filling with water or ejecting the paddler. ]", "Kayak __knowledge__ Some modern boats vary considerably from a traditional design but still claim the title \"kayak\", for instance in eliminating the cockpit by seating the paddler on top of the boat (\"sit-on-top\" kayaks); having inflated air chambers surrounding the boat; replacing the single hull by twin hulls, and replacing paddles with other human-powered propulsion methods, such as foot-powered rotational propellers and \"flippers\".", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ Plitvice Lakes National Park (, colloquial \"Plitvice\", ) is one of the oldest and the largest national park in Croatia.", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ In 1979, Plitvice Lakes National Park was added to the UNESCO World Heritage register.", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ The national park was founded in 1949 and is situated in the mountainous karst area of central Croatia, at the border to Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ The important north-south road connection, which passes through the national park area, connects the Croatian inland with the Adriatic coastal region.", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ The protected area extends over .", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ About 90% of this area is part of Lika-Senj County, while the remaining 10% is part of Karlovac County.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ Lake Erie (); is the fourth-largest lake (by surface area) of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the eleventh-largest globally if measured in terms of surface area.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ It is the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes and therefore also has the shortest average water residence time.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ At its deepest point Lake Erie is deep.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ Situated on the International Boundary between Canada and the United States, Lake Erie's northern shore is the Canadian province of Ontario, with the U.S. states of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York on its western, southern and eastern shores.", "Sea __knowledge__ A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.", "Sea __knowledge__ More broadly, \"the sea\" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.", "Sea __knowledge__ Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British \"Challenger\" expedition of the 1870s.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as \"seas\".", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ Turkey offers warm and crystal clear waves of Mediterranean on the south as well as wind swells of Black Sea on the north.", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ The wave period is shorter than the ocean waves but can reach up to periods of 11-12 second swells although the average swell period is 6–7 seconds.", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ Southern Turkey, the Mediterranean side, is a better surf destination for winter months with its warm blue waters, versatile waves, historical seaside towns and traditional Turkish cuisine with inexpensive accommodation.", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ Winter season is the high season for waves and low season for tourist activity lowering the accommodation prices.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Duluth is a major port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Saint Louis County.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Duluth has a population of 86,293 and is the second-largest city on Lake Superior's shores, after Thunder Bay, Ontario, in Canada; it has the largest metropolitan area on the lake.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ The Duluth MSA had a population of 279,771 in 2010, the second-largest in Minnesota.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Situated on the north shore of Lake Superior at the westernmost point of the Great Lakes, Duluth is accessible to oceangoing vessels from the Atlantic Ocean away via the Great Lakes Waterway and the Saint Lawrence Seaway.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Duluth forms a metropolitan area with neighboring Superior, Wisconsin, called the Twin Ports.", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing is the sport of surfing either standing waves or tidal bores in rivers.", "River surfing __knowledge__ Claims for its origins include a 1955 ride of 1.5 miles along the tidal bore of the River Severn.", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing on standing waves has been documented as far back as the early-1970s in Munich, Germany, today offering the world's largest urban surfing spot.", "River surfing __knowledge__ In this type of river surfing, the wave is stationary on the river, caused by a high volume of water constricted by flowing over a rock and creating a wave behind.", "River surfing __knowledge__ It is a form of hydraulic jump.", "River surfing __knowledge__ A river surfer can face up-stream and catch this wave and have the feeling of traveling fast over water while not actually moving.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ " Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward ", "Yes, the wave is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers ", "surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools." ]

[ "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing" ]

[ "Hip hop music", "I like a few songs, but not many. I find they use too much explicit language for my taste.", "What kind of elements are those, I don't think I've heard that before.", "Oh I'm sure it is, but why do they need to use that kind of language to express themselves?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ The term \"hip hop music\" is sometimes used synonymously with the term \"rap music\", though rapping is not a required component of hip hop music; the genre may also incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing, turntablism, scratching, beatboxing, and instrumental tracks.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop as both a musical genre and a culture was formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City, particularly among African-American youth residing in the Bronx.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ However hip-hop music did not get officially recorded for the radio or television to play until 1979, largely due to poverty during hip-hop's birth and lack of acceptance outside ghetto neighborhoods." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ The term \"hip hop music\" is sometimes used synonymously with the term \"rap music\", though rapping is not a required component of hip hop music; the genre may also incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing, turntablism, scratching, beatboxing, and instrumental tracks.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop as both a musical genre and a culture was formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City, particularly among African-American youth residing in the Bronx.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ However hip-hop music did not get officially recorded for the radio or television to play until 1979, largely due to poverty during hip-hop's birth and lack of acceptance outside ghetto neighborhoods.", "Curly Horse __knowledge__ A Curly is a breed of horse.", "Curly Horse __knowledge__ Curlies, also called Bashkir Curlies, American Bashkir Curlies, and North American Curly Horses, come in all sizes, colors, and body types but all carry a gene for a unique curly coat of hair.", "Curly Horse __knowledge__ The Curlies are known for their calm, intelligent and friendly personality.", "Curly Horse __knowledge__ They show an easily trainable temperament.", "Curly Horse __knowledge__ They are also known for having a tough constitution and great stamina.", "Curly Horse __knowledge__ Most people have found that the curlies enjoy being around people.", "Curly Horse __knowledge__ The curlies are typically not flighty.", "Curly Horse __knowledge__ They tend to do more reasoning than most breeds.", "Curly Horse __knowledge__ They are very reliable and have a great work ethic.", "All for You (Janet Jackson album) __knowledge__ All for You is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson.", "All for You (Janet Jackson album) __knowledge__ Released on April 24, 2001 by Virgin Records America, its development and theme was rooted in Jackson's separation from husband René Elizondo, Jr, experiencing dating for the first time.", "All for You (Janet Jackson album) __knowledge__ Unlike \"The Velvet Rope\", which saw Jackson tackling darker issues such as domestic violence and depression, \"All for You\" showcased an upbeat dance-pop sound, incorporating rock, disco, and funk, as well as soft rock and Oriental music.", "All for You (Janet Jackson album) __knowledge__ Its lyrics focus on passion, romance, and intercourse, also discussing themes of betrayal and deceit.", "Curly Coated Retriever __knowledge__ The Curly Coated Retriever (often referred to as a Curly) is a breed of dog originally bred in England for upland bird and waterfowl hunting.", "Curly Coated Retriever __knowledge__ It is the tallest of the retrievers and is easily distinguishable by the mass of tight curls covering its body.", "Curly Coated Retriever __knowledge__ Curly Coated and Wavy Coated (now known as the Flat-Coated Retriever) were the first two recognised retriever breeds, established as early as 1860.", "Curly Coated Retriever __knowledge__ The Curly is an active, well-muscled dog bred for upland bird and waterfowl hunting.", "Curly Coated Retriever __knowledge__ The Curly is somewhat different in structure than the more common retrievers.", "Curly Coated Retriever __knowledge__ A well-bred Curly will appear slightly leggy but is actually slightly longer than tall.", "Interface position __knowledge__ The interface position is a concept in second language acquisition that describes the various possible theoretical relationships between implicit and explicit knowledge in the mind of a second language learner.", "Interface position __knowledge__ Tacit knowledge is language knowledge that learners possess intuitively but are not able to put into words; explicit knowledge is language knowledge that learners possess and are also able to verbalize.", "Interface position __knowledge__ For example, native speakers of Spanish intuitively know how to conjugate verbs (implicit knowledge), but may be unable to articulate how these grammatical rules work.", "Interface position __knowledge__ Conversely, a non-native student of Spanish may be able to explain how Spanish verbs are conjugated (explicit knowledge), but may not yet be able to use these verbs in naturalistic, fluent speech.", "Counterculture __knowledge__ A counterculture (also written counter-culture) is a subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores.", "Counterculture __knowledge__ A countercultural movement expresses the ethos and aspirations of a specific population during a well-defined era.", "Counterculture __knowledge__ When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes.", "Counterculture __knowledge__ Prominent examples of countercultures in Europe and North America include Romanticism (1790–1840), Bohemianism (1850–1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the Beat Generation (1944–1964), followed by the globalized counterculture of the 1960s (1964–1974), usually associated with the hippie subculture and the diversified Punk subculture of the 1980s.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ A sea shanty, chantey, or chanty is a type of work song that was once commonly sung to accompany labor on board large merchant sailing vessels.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ The term \"shanty\" most accurately refers to a specific style of work song belonging to this historical repertoire.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ However, in recent, popular usage, the scope of its definition is sometimes expanded to admit a wider range of repertoire and characteristics, or to refer to a \"maritime work song\" in general.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ Of uncertain etymological origin, the word \"shanty\" emerged in the mid-19th century in reference to an appreciably distinct genre of work song, developed especially in American-style merchant vessels that had come to prominence in decades prior to the American Civil War.", "Knoxville Downtown Island Airport __knowledge__ Knoxville Downtown Island Airport or Knoxville Downtown Island Home Airport , often referred to as Island Home Airport, is a general aviation airport located approximately one-half mile east of downtown Knoxville, in Knox County, Tennessee, United States.", "Knoxville Downtown Island Airport __knowledge__ This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \"reliever airport\".", "Knoxville Downtown Island Airport __knowledge__ Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned DKX by the FAA, but has no designation from the IATA.", "Knoxville Downtown Island Airport __knowledge__ Downtown Island Airport was established in 1930 by Tom Kesterson as a makeshift facility named Island Airport, located on Dickinson’s Island in the Tennessee River.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rapping (or rhyming, spitting, emceeing, MCing) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates \"rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular\", which is performed or chanted in a variety of ways, usually over a backbeat or musical accompaniment.", "Rapping __knowledge__ The components of rap include \"content\" (what is being said), \"flow\" (rhythm, rhyme), and \"delivery\" (cadence, tone).", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is usually performed in time to an instrumental track.", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rap is often associated with, and is a primary ingredient of hip-hop music, but the origins of the phenomenon predate hip-hop culture.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Illmatic is the debut studio album by American rapper Nas.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ It was released on April 19, 1994, by Columbia Records.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ After signing with the label with the help of MC Serch, Nas recorded the album in 1992 and 1993 at Chung King Studios, D&D Recording, Battery Studios, and Unique Recording Studios in New York City.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Its production was handled by DJ Premier, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ and Nas himself.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Styled as a hardcore hip hop album, \"Illmatic\" features multi-syllabic internal rhymes and inner-city narratives based on Nas's experiences in Queensbridge, New York.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 12 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 60,000 copies in its first week.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ European hip hop is hip hop music created by European musicians.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop is a style of music developed by African American and Caribbean communities in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Due to this success, it has gained worldwide popularity, especially in Europe where many diverse and unique styles of hip hop have been created.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ This diversity is especially apparent in the forms of hip hop music and culture emanating from settler communities from Europe's former colonies and peripheries.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ In Denmark, Hip Hop rap music has been growing steadily more popular over the last fifteen years and began with Danish language acts such as MC Einar and Rockers by Choice, later on: less knowned Rip Rap & Rock, Flopstarz, Humleridderne and Faktaposen, The Danish way of doing rap music was topped in the 80's towards acceptance among the common people who did not listen to any rap music was with a rap song called: \"Rap Nu\" by the famed and beloved old Danish football commentator: Gunnar \"Nu\" Hansen.", "Pinoy hip hop __knowledge__ Filipino hip-hop or Pinoy hip hop (also known as Pinoy rap) is hip hop music performed by musicians of Filipino descent, both in the Philippines and overseas, especially by Filipino-Americans.", "Pinoy hip hop __knowledge__ This article focuses first on Filipino hip-hop in the Philippines, and secondly on that in the US.", "Pinoy hip hop __knowledge__ The Philippines is known to have had the first hip-hop music scene in Asia since the early 1980s, largely due to the country's historical connections with the United States where hip-hop originated.", "Pinoy hip hop __knowledge__ Rap music released in the Philippines has appeared in different languages or dialects such as Tagalog, Chavacano, Cebuano, Ilocano and English.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop music has been popular in Africa since the early 1980s due to widespread American influence.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ In 1985 hip hop reached Senegal, a French-speaking country in West Africa.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Some of the first Senegalese rappers were M.C.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Lida, M.C.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Solaar, and Positive Black Soul, who mixed rap with \"Mbalax\", a type of West African pop music.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ An early South African group was Black Noise.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ They began as a graffiti and breakdance crew in Cape Town until they started emceeing in 1989.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ There also have been groups in Tanzania and other countries that emceed before 1989,that knows as Kwanza Unit although it is not very well known." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ The term \"hip hop music\" is sometimes used synonymously with the term \"rap music\", though rapping is not a required component of hip hop music; the genre may also incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing, turntablism, scratching, beatboxing, and instrumental tracks.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop as both a musical genre and a culture was formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City, particularly among African-American youth residing in the Bronx.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ However hip-hop music did not get officially recorded for the radio or television to play until 1979, largely due to poverty during hip-hop's birth and lack of acceptance outside ghetto neighborhoods.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is the film and television scores composed by various composers for the films and television series of that franchise.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Ramin Djawadi provided the first MCU music with his original score for \"Iron Man\" in 2008.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Alan Silvestri was the first composer to work on multiple MCU films after he transitioned from scoring \"\" (2011) to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012), while Brian Tyler was the first composer to reference the work of another MCU composer when he quoted Silvestri's \"Captain America March\" in his score for \"\" (2013).", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Original music has also been composed for the Marvel One-Shots short film series, and other related projects of the MCU, including the fanfares for the two Marvel Studios logos, composed by Tyler and Michael Giacchino, respectively.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Characters of Shakespear's Plays is an 1817 book of criticism of Shakespeare's plays, written by early nineteenth century English essayist and literary critic William Hazlitt.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Composed in reaction to the neoclassical approach to Shakespeare's plays typified by Samuel Johnson, it was among the first English-language studies of Shakespeare's plays to follow the manner of German critic August Wilhelm Schlegel, and, with the work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, paved the way for the increased appreciation of Shakespeare's genius that was characteristic of later nineteenth-century criticism.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ It was also the first book to cover all of Shakespeare's plays, intended as a guide for the general reader.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop music arrived in Cuba via radio and TV broadcasts from Miami.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ During the 1980s hip hop culture in Cuba was mainly centred on breakdancing.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ But by the 1990s, with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the onset of the Special Period, young \"raperos\" were seeking ways to express their frustrations.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ Initially hip hop was viewed with suspicion, not just by the government, but by many in the community as well.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ With raperos emulating US rappers' aggressive posturing and lyrical content, hip hop was seen as just another cultural invasion from the US, bringing with it the violence and problems of the ghettos.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ European hip hop is hip hop music created by European musicians.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop is a style of music developed by African American and Caribbean communities in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Due to this success, it has gained worldwide popularity, especially in Europe where many diverse and unique styles of hip hop have been created.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ This diversity is especially apparent in the forms of hip hop music and culture emanating from settler communities from Europe's former colonies and peripheries.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ In Denmark, Hip Hop rap music has been growing steadily more popular over the last fifteen years and began with Danish language acts such as MC Einar and Rockers by Choice, later on: less knowned Rip Rap & Rock, Flopstarz, Humleridderne and Faktaposen, The Danish way of doing rap music was topped in the 80's towards acceptance among the common people who did not listen to any rap music was with a rap song called: \"Rap Nu\" by the famed and beloved old Danish football commentator: Gunnar \"Nu\" Hansen.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop music has been popular in Africa since the early 1980s due to widespread American influence.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ In 1985 hip hop reached Senegal, a French-speaking country in West Africa.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Some of the first Senegalese rappers were M.C.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Lida, M.C.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Solaar, and Positive Black Soul, who mixed rap with \"Mbalax\", a type of West African pop music.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ An early South African group was Black Noise.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ They began as a graffiti and breakdance crew in Cape Town until they started emceeing in 1989.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ There also have been groups in Tanzania and other countries that emceed before 1989,that knows as Kwanza Unit although it is not very well known.", "Japanese hip hop __knowledge__ Japanese hip hop (also known as J-rap, J-hip hop or J-hop) is said to have begun when Hiroshi Fujiwara returned to Japan and started playing hip hop records in the early 1980s.", "Japanese hip hop __knowledge__ Japanese hip hop generally tends to be most directly influenced by old school hip hop, taking from the era's catchy beats, dance culture, and overall fun and carefree nature and incorporating it into their music.", "Japanese hip hop __knowledge__ As a result, hip hop stands as one of the most commercially viable mainstream music genres in Japan, and the line between it and pop music is frequently blurred.", "Japanese hip hop __knowledge__ Although rather informal and small scale, the early days of Japanese hip-hop provide the history for the emergence of the cultural movement.", "German hip hop __knowledge__ German hip hop refers to hip-hop music produced in Germany.", "German hip hop __knowledge__ Elements of American hip-hop culture, such as graffiti art and breakdancing, diffused into Western Europe in the early 1980s.", "German hip hop __knowledge__ underground artists included Cora E. and Advanced Chemistry.", "German hip hop __knowledge__ It was not until the early 1990s that German hip hop entered the mainstream as groups like Die Fantastischen Vier and the Rödelheim Hartreim Projekt gained popularity.", "German hip hop __knowledge__ German hip hop was heavily influenced by films, leading to a strong emphasis on visual and cultural elements such as graffiti and breakdancing beyond the music itself.", "German hip hop __knowledge__ In addition to films, such as \"Wild Style\" and \"Beat Street\", American soldiers stationed in Germany facilitated the introduction of hip-hop music and culture into German pop culture." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ The term \"hip hop music\" is sometimes used synonymously with the term \"rap music\", though rapping is not a required component of hip hop music; the genre may also incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing, turntablism, scratching, beatboxing, and instrumental tracks.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop as both a musical genre and a culture was formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City, particularly among African-American youth residing in the Bronx.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ However hip-hop music did not get officially recorded for the radio or television to play until 1979, largely due to poverty during hip-hop's birth and lack of acceptance outside ghetto neighborhoods.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton served as the 67th United States Secretary of State, under President Barack Obama, from 2009 to 2013, overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy of Barack Obama.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She was preceded in office by Condoleezza Rice, and succeeded by John Kerry.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She is also the only former First Lady of the United States to become a member of the United States Cabinet.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Within a week after the November 4, 2008, presidential election, President-elect Obama and Clinton discussed over telephone the possibility of her serving as U.S. Secretary of State in his administration.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Clinton later related, \"He said I want you to be my secretary of state.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Oh Father __knowledge__ \"Oh Father\" is a song by American singer Madonna from her fourth studio album \"Like a Prayer\" (1989).", "Oh Father __knowledge__ It was released as the fourth single from the album on October 24, 1989 by Sire Records.", "Oh Father __knowledge__ The song was not released as a single in most European territories until December 24, 1995, when it appeared on the 1995 ballads compilation \"Something to Remember\".", "Oh Father __knowledge__ Written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, the nexus of \"Oh Father\" was the presence of male authoritative figures in Madonna's life, most prominently her father, Tony Ciccone.", "Oh Father __knowledge__ Madonna's relationship with her father had soured, after her mother's death in 1963 and his remarriage two years later.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "History of modern Western subcultures __knowledge__ The 20th century saw the rise and fall of many subcultures.", "History of modern Western subcultures __knowledge__ In the early part of the 20th century, subcultures were mostly informal groupings of like-minded individuals with the same views or lifestyle.", "History of modern Western subcultures __knowledge__ The Bloomsbury group in London was one example, providing a place where the diverse talents of people like Virginia Woolf, Leonard Woolf, John Maynard Keynes, and E.M. Forster could interact.", "History of modern Western subcultures __knowledge__ Other pre-World War I subcultures were smaller social groupings of hobbyists or a matter of style and philosophy amongst artists and bohemian poets.", "History of modern Western subcultures __knowledge__ In Germany, from 1896 onward there developed a movement of young men (and later young women) which focused on freedom and natural environments.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk subculture includes a diverse array of ideologies, fashion, and other forms of expression, visual art, dance, literature and film.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It is largely characterised by anti-establishment views and the promotion of individual freedom, and is centred on a loud, aggressive genre of rock music called punk rock.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It's adherents are referred to as \"punks\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk politics cover the entire political spectrum.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Common punk ethos includes anti-authoritarianism, a do-it-yourself ethic, non-conformity, direct action and not \"selling out\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ There is a wide range of punk fashion, including deliberately offensive T-shirts, leather jackets, Dr. Martens boots, etc., hairstyles such as brightly coloured hair and spiked mohawks, etc., cosmetics, tattoos, jewellery and body modification.", "Indonesian new art movement __knowledge__ The Indonesian New Art Movement (Indonesian: \"Gerakan Seni Rupa Baru\") was an art movement of young artists from Bandung and Yogyakarta against the institutional concept of Indonesian fine art (Indonesian: \"Seni Rupa\") being limited to paintings and sculptures.", "Indonesian new art movement __knowledge__ The movement emerged in 1974, first organised in a protest against the judging of the Second Jakarta Painting Bienalle which awarded prizes to decorative style of paintings and sculptures.", "Indonesian new art movement __knowledge__ The protesters published the Black December Statement (\"Desember Hitam\") criticising the lack of social and political consciousness in Indonesian decorative art practices.", "Pop art __knowledge__ Pop art is an art movement that emerged in Britain and the United States during the mid- to late-1950s.", "Pop art __knowledge__ The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects.", "Pop art __knowledge__ One of its aims is to use images of \"popular\" (as opposed to elitist) culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any culture, most often through the use of irony.", "Pop art __knowledge__ It is also associated with the artists' use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques.", "Pop art __knowledge__ In pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, or combined with unrelated material.", "Hippie __knowledge__ A hippie (sometimes spelled hippy) is a member of a counterculture, originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world.", "Hippie __knowledge__ The word \"hippie\" came from \"hipster\" and used to describe beatniks who moved into New York City's Greenwich Village and San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district.", "Hippie __knowledge__ The term \"hippie\" first found popularity in San Francisco by Herb Caen, a journalist for the \"San Francisco Chronicle\".", "Hippie __knowledge__ The origins of the terms \"hip\" and \"hep\" are uncertain.", "Hippie __knowledge__ By the 1940s, both had become part of African American jive slang and meant \"sophisticated; currently fashionable; fully up-to-date\"." ] ]

[ 3, 48, 36, 1 ]

[ "I love rap and hip hop music. I love the beats and bass lines, and the rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop is actually characterized by nine elements, but only four of them are considered most necessary to understand hip hop musically.", "It is not just music, it is a subculture and art movement. There is a lot more to it than the vulgar lyrics. ", "Well, hip hop was developed by inner city African Americans. They lived in ghettos, so that's most likely why." ]

[ "Hip hop music", "Hip hop music", "Hip hop music", "Hip hop music" ]

[ "Hamburger\nHamburger is the best for dinner because it is so versitile.", "So a true hamburger in the sense of a full meal rather than an ingredient? ", "I like mine with cheese and pickles.", "That sounds delicious! I'd like a side of fries with that.", "Are cheeseburgers more preferred over hamburgers usually?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ Big Boy Restaurants International, LLC is an American restaurant chain headquartered in Warren, Michigan, in Metro Detroit.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ Frisch's Big Boy Restaurants is a restaurant chain with its headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ The Big Boy name, design aesthetic, and menu were previously licensed to a number of regional franchisees.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ Big Boy was started as Bob's Pantry in 1936 by Bob Wian in Glendale, California.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ The restaurants became known as \"Bob's\", \"Bob's Drive Ins\", \"Bob's, Home of the Big Boy Hamburger\", and (commonly as) Bob's Big Boy.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ It became a local chain under that name and nationally under the Big Boy name, franchised by Robert C. Wian Enterprises.", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ Poolside Chats with Neil Hamburger was a live webcast that aired on comedian Tom Green's now defunct internet TV channel.", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ \"Poolside Chats\" used to air live following \"Tom Green's House Tonight\".", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ The star of the show is self-described \"America's Funnyman\", Neil Hamburger.", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ Neil took calls in which he usually traded insults with the callers.", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ He has referred to some of his guests as \"diseased degenerate rock and rollers.\"", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ There was no real schedule for the show; it used to air randomly when there are suitable gaps in Hamburger's touring schedule.", "Poolside Chats __knowledge__ The show was also briefly available on an \"On Demand\" section of Tom Green's website.", "Hamburg __knowledge__ Hamburg (, ; Low German/Low Saxon: \"Hamborg\" ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (), is the second-largest city of Germany and is generally taken to be commensurate to its state with a population of roughly 1.8 million people.", "Hamburg __knowledge__ The city has a wider associated area.", "Hamburg __knowledge__ The official name reflects Hamburg's history as in turn a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state and becoming one of the 16 states of Germany.", "Hamburg __knowledge__ Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign state.", "Hamburg __knowledge__ Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919 it formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten.", "Louis' Lunch __knowledge__ Louis' Lunch in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, advertises itself as the first restaurant to serve hamburgers and as being the oldest hamburger restaurant still operating in the U.S.", "Louis' Lunch __knowledge__ Opened as a small lunch wagon in 1895, Louis' Lunch was also one of the first places in the U.S. to serve steak sandwiches.", "Louis' Lunch __knowledge__ According to Louis' Lunch, the hamburger was created in 1900 in response to a customer's hurried request for a lunch to go.", "Louis' Lunch __knowledge__ In 1917, Louis moved the business into a square-shaped little brick building that had once been a tannery.", "Louis' Lunch __knowledge__ In 1975, the restaurant was moved four blocks down to 263 Crown Street.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Fasting __knowledge__ Fasting is a willing abstinence or reduction from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time.", "Fasting __knowledge__ An absolute fast or dry fasting is normally defined as abstinence from all food and liquid for a defined period, usually a period of 24 hours, or a number of days.", "Fasting __knowledge__ Water fasting allows drinking water but nothing else.", "Fasting __knowledge__ Other fasts may be partially restrictive, limiting only particular foods or substances.", "Fasting __knowledge__ A fast may also be intermittent in nature.", "Fasting __knowledge__ Fasting practices may preclude intercourse and other activities as well as food.", "Fasting __knowledge__ In a physiological context, fasting may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight, or to the metabolic state achieved after complete digestion and absorption of a meal.", "Origin of the Eucharist __knowledge__ Church teaching places the origin of the Eucharist in the Last Supper of Jesus with his disciples, at which he is believed to have taken bread and given it to his disciples, telling them to eat of it, because it was his body, and to have taken a cup and given it to his disciples, telling them to drink of it because it was the cup of the covenant in his blood.", "Origin of the Eucharist __knowledge__ The earliest extant written account of a Christian \"eucharistia\" (Greek: thanksgiving) is that in the First Epistle to the Corinthians (around AD 55), in which Paul the Apostle relates \"eating the bread and drinking the cup of the Lord\" in the celebration of a \"Supper of the Lord\" to the Last Supper of Jesus some 25 years earlier.", "Lent __knowledge__ Lent (Latin: Quadragesima: \"Fortieth\") is a solemn religious observance in the Christian liturgical calendar that begins on Ash Wednesday and ends approximately six weeks later, before Easter Sunday.", "Lent __knowledge__ The purpose of Lent is the preparation of the believer through prayer, doing penance, mortifying the flesh, repentance of sins, almsgiving, and self-denial.", "Lent __knowledge__ This event is observed in the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Methodist, and Roman Catholic Churches.", "Lent __knowledge__ Some Anabaptist and evangelical churches also observe the Lenten season.", "Lent __knowledge__ Its institutional purpose is heightened in the annual commemoration of Holy Week, marking the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus, which recalls the tradition and events of the New Testament beginning on Palm Sunday, further climaxing on Jesus' crucifixion on Good Friday, which ultimately culminates in the joyful celebration on Easter Sunday of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ.", "Ashington Piggeries Ltd v Christopher Hill Ltd __knowledge__ Ashington Piggeries Ltd v Christopher Hill Ltd. (1972; AC 441) is a UK commercial law case concerning legal liability for the damages resulting from the loss of a large number of mink given toxic feed.", "Ashington Piggeries Ltd v Christopher Hill Ltd __knowledge__ The heart of the case revolved around the definition of ingredients in the contract (in accordance with section 13 of the Sale of Goods Act of 1893) and the expectations of quality of those ingredients (under 14(1) and 14(2)).", "Ashington Piggeries Ltd v Christopher Hill Ltd __knowledge__ In 1960, Ashington Piggeries Ltd. supplied the recipe which Christopher Hill Ltd. fulfilled, using in part ingredients it acquired from a Norwegian company, Sildemelutvalget (who had been replaced by Norsildmel by the time of trial).", "History of the hamburger in the United States __knowledge__ A hamburger (or burger) is a sandwich that consists of a cooked ground meat patty, usually beef, placed between halves of a sliced bun or between slices of bread or toast.", "History of the hamburger in the United States __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with various condiments, such as mustard, mayonnaise, and ketchup, and other options including lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, and cheese.", "History of the hamburger in the United States __knowledge__ The Texas historian Frank X. Tolbert attributes the invention of the hamburger to Fletcher Davis of Athens, Texas.", "History of the hamburger in the United States __knowledge__ Davis is believed to have sold hamburgers at his café at 115 Tyler Street in Athens, Texas, in the late 1880s, before bringing them to the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper.", "Sausage __knowledge__ A sausage is a cylindrical meat product usually made from ground meat, often pork, beef, or veal, along with salt, spices and other flavourings, and breadcrumbs, encased by a skin.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Typically, a sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made from intestine, but sometimes from synthetic materials.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages that are sold raw are cooked in many ways, including pan-frying, broiling and barbecuing.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Some sausages are cooked during processing and the casing may then be removed.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausage making is a traditional food preservation technique.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages may be preserved by curing, drying (often in association with fermentation or culturing, which can contribute to preservation), smoking, or freezing.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "List of Mr. Pickles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"Mr. Pickles\".", "List of Mr. Pickles characters __knowledge__ Mr. Pickles – He is the protagonist and the Goodman family's pet Border Collie, the physical embodiment of the Devil and who loves to eat pickles – hence his name – which Tommy regularly feeds him.", "List of Mr. Pickles characters __knowledge__ He also enjoys mutilating, killing and engaging in sexual debauchery with those who pose a threat to Tommy or other protagonists.", "List of Mr. Pickles characters __knowledge__ Mr. Pickles is highly intelligent and possesses incredible strength, surgical skills that he uses to mutilate his victims, the ability to steal from an evil scientist, a high-tech android, and demonic powers which allow him to control local animals to do his bidding.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Eric Pickles __knowledge__ Sir Eric Jack Pickles (born 20 April 1952) is a British Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament for Brentwood and Ongar from the 1992 general election to the 2017 general election and was the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government until May 2015.", "Eric Pickles __knowledge__ He was previously the Chairman of the Conservative Party from 2009 to 2010 and is currently the chairman of Conservative Friends of Israel.", "Eric Pickles __knowledge__ He is the United Kingdom Special Envoy for post-Holocaust issues, being appointed in 2015.", "Eric Pickles __knowledge__ Pickles stood down at the 2017 general election, but continued in his role as Special Envoy, and Anti Corruption Champion.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Pickling is the process of preserving or expanding the lifespan of food by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar.", "Pickling __knowledge__ The resulting food is called a \"pickle\", or, to prevent ambiguity, prefaced with the adjective \"pickled\".", "Pickling __knowledge__ The pickling procedure will typically affect the food's texture and flavor.", "Pickling __knowledge__ In East Asia, vinaigrette (vegetable oil and vinegar) is also used as a pickling medium.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Foods that are pickled include meats, fruits, eggs, and vegetables.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Another distinguishing characteristic is a pH of 4.6 or lower, which is sufficient to kill most bacteria.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Pickling can preserve perishable foods for months.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ Rugrats is an American animated television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó and Paul Germain for Nickelodeon.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ The show focuses on a group of toddlers, most prominently Tommy, Chuckie, twins Phil and Lil, and Angelica, and their day-to-day lives, usually involving common life experiences that become adventures in the babies' imaginations.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ Adults in the series are almost always unaware of what the children are up to.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ The series premiered on Sunday, August 11, 1991, as the second Nicktoon after \"Doug\" and preceding \"The Ren & Stimpy Show\".", "Rugrats __knowledge__ Production was initially halted in 1995 after 65 episodes, with the last episode airing on May 22, 1994.", "List of Metalocalypse characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the American animated television series Metalocalypse.", "List of Metalocalypse characters __knowledge__ Survival from near fatal injuries in the show is a common running gag; a character may be burned, maimed or hurt in some manner and still be able to return in later episodes.", "List of Metalocalypse characters __knowledge__ Dethklok is depicted as an extremely popular and successful death metal band, described by their adversaries, the Tribunal, as the \"world's greatest cultural force.\"", "List of Metalocalypse characters __knowledge__ The band has five members: frontman and lead vocalist Nathan Explosion, lead guitarist Skwisgaar Skwigelf, rhythm guitarist Toki Wartooth, drummer \"Pickles the drummer\", and bassist William Murderface.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), or French-fried potatoes are \"batonnet\" or \"allumette\"-cut deep-fried potatoes.", "French fries __knowledge__ In the United States and most of Canada, the term \"fries\" refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa (rarely), Ireland and New Zealand, thinly cut fried potatoes are sometimes called \"shoestring fries\" or \"skinny fries\" to distinguish them from the thicker-cut \"chips\".", "French fries __knowledge__ French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ Delicious is a series of time management casual games that is developed by Zylom Studios and later on by Gamehouse Studios.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ From the 7th game onwards, the games are developed by Gamehouse Studios and Blue Giraffe.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ The games tell the story of Emily, a waitress who aspires to one day run her own restaurant, and who works in several other restaurants in order to earn the money to eventually make her dream come true.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ After releasing the first 3 games of the series, Zylom decided to \"renew\" the series by adding some factors to it to make Emily's world more memorable and natural.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ As a result of this, from the fourth game onwards, the series received high appreciation and reviews from casual game critics and gamers, such as Gamezebo, who gave the seventh game, \"Emily's True Love\", a maximum 5/5 star overall review.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ French fries are almost always salted just after cooking.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ They are then served with a variety of condiments, notably ketchup, curry, curry ketchup (mildly hot mix of the former two), hot or chili sauce, mustard, mayonnaise, honey mustard, bearnaise sauce, tartar sauce, tzatziki, feta cheese, garlic sauce, fry sauce, ranch dressing, barbecue sauce, gravy, brown sauce, vinegar (especially malt vinegar), lemon, piccalilli, pickled cucumber, gherkins, very small pickled onions, fresh cheese curds (especially Canada), or honey.", "List of accompaniments to french fries __knowledge__ Even the smallest Belgian town has a \"frietkot\" (literally, \"fries shack\").", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "BK Chicken Fries __knowledge__ BK Chicken Fries are a fried chicken product sold by the international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King.", "BK Chicken Fries __knowledge__ At the time of their introduction in 2005, the company had intended Chicken Fries to be one of their larger, adult oriented products made with higher quality ingredients than their standard menu items.", "BK Chicken Fries __knowledge__ Additionally, the product further targeted the \"snacking\" and \"convenience food\" markets with a specific packaging design that was intended to be easier to handle and fit into automotive cup holders.", "BK Chicken Fries __knowledge__ The product was part of a series of product introductions designed to expand Burger King's menu with both more sophisticated fare and present a larger, meatier product that appealed to 24- to 36-year-old adult males.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ Delicious (stylized del.icio.us) is a social bookmarking web service for storing, sharing, and discovering web bookmarks.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ The site was founded by Joshua Schachter and Peter Gadjokov in 2003 and acquired by Yahoo in 2005.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ By the end of 2008, the service claimed more than 5.3 million users and 180 million unique bookmarked URLs.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ Yahoo sold Delicious to AVOS Systems in April 2011, and the site relaunched in a \"back to beta\" state on September 27 that year.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ In May 2014, AVOS sold the site to Science Inc.", "Delicious (website) __knowledge__ In January 2016 Delicious Media, a new alliance, reported it had assumed control of the service.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Whopper __knowledge__ The Whopper is the signature sandwich and an associated product line sold by international fast food restaurant chain Burger King and its Australian franchise Hungry Jack's.", "Whopper __knowledge__ Introduced in 1957, the sandwich has undergone several reformulations such as portion resizing and bread changes.", "Whopper __knowledge__ The hamburger version is well known in the fast food industry, with Burger King billing itself as \"the Home of the Whopper\" in its advertising, signage, and in its concept store, the BK Whopper Bar.", "Whopper __knowledge__ Due to its position in the marketplace, the Whopper has prompted Burger King's competitors to try to develop similar products designed to compete against it." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Cheeseburger __knowledge__ A cheeseburger is a hamburger topped with cheese.", "Cheeseburger __knowledge__ Traditionally, the slice of cheese is placed on top of the meat patty, but the burger can include many variations in structure, ingredients, and composition.", "Cheeseburger __knowledge__ The cheese is normally added to the cooking hamburger patty shortly before serving, which allows the cheese to melt.", "Cheeseburger __knowledge__ As with other hamburgers, a cheeseburger may include toppings, such as lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, or bacon; examples of less comoon toppings might be spinach or olives.", "Cheeseburger __knowledge__ In fast food restaurants, the cheese used is normally processed cheese, but essentially any other melt-able cheeses may be used instead -- common examples would include as cheddar, Swiss, mozzarella, blue cheese, and pepper jack.", "Steamed cheeseburger __knowledge__ A steamed cheeseburger, also referred to as a steamer, is a hamburger sandwich topped with cheese that is cooked via steaming and almost exclusively served by restaurants in central Connecticut in the United States.", "Steamed cheeseburger __knowledge__ What makes the steamed cheeseburger different from typical cheeseburgers is the way it is prepared.", "Steamed cheeseburger __knowledge__ Instead of being fried in a pan or grilled on a grill, it is steamed in a stainless-steel cabinet containing trays that hold either a hamburger patty or a piece of cheese.", "Steamed cheeseburger __knowledge__ This method of cooking makes the fats in the meat melt away, resulting in a moist, juicy burger which is then put on a bun and covered with the melted cheese.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "McDonald's Israel __knowledge__ McDonald's Israel () is the Israeli master franchise of the fast food restaurant chain McDonald's.", "McDonald's Israel __knowledge__ Operated and licensed by Alonyal Limited (, \"Alonyal Ba'am\"), McDonald's Israel is the largest of Israel's burger chains with a 60% market share.", "McDonald's Israel __knowledge__ The company sells hamburgers, chicken nuggets, French fries and soft drinks in branches across the country.", "McDonald's Israel __knowledge__ Since its opening in Israel in 1993, McDonald's Israel has been in competition with Burger Ranch, Israel's second largest burger chain.", "McDonald's Israel __knowledge__ The world's first kosher McDonald's opened in Mevaseret Zion in October 1995.", "McDonald's Israel __knowledge__ McDonald's Israel is owned and run by Israeli businessman Omri Padan.", "Big King __knowledge__ The Big King sandwich was one of the major hamburger products sold by the international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King, and was part of its menu for more than twenty years.", "Big King __knowledge__ As of October, 2017, it is not offered for sale in the United States.", "Big King __knowledge__ During its testing phase in 1996–1997, it was originally called the Double Supreme and was configured similarly to the McDonald's Big Mac—including a three piece roll.", "Big King __knowledge__ It was later reformulated as a more standard double burger during the latter part of product testing in 1997.", "Big King __knowledge__ It was given its current name when the product was formally introduced in September 1997, but maintained the more conventional double cheeseburger format.", "Burger King Specialty Sandwiches __knowledge__ The Burger King Specialty Sandwiches are a line of sandwiches developed by the international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King in 1978 and introduced in 1979 as part of a new product line designed to expand Burger King's menu with more sophisticated, adult oriented fare beyond hamburgers.", "Burger King Specialty Sandwiches __knowledge__ Additionally, the new line was intended to differentiate the company from other fast food hamburger restaurants at the time.", "Burger King Specialty Sandwiches __knowledge__ Since the line's introduction, the other sandwiches have been discontinued, leaving the chicken offering, the Original Chicken Sandwich (abbreviated as OCS), as the primary product left.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ A timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Progressive Era to the end of World War II, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the \"original\" invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress: In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 4 ]

[ "I partially agree with that. But i love its taste of cooked patties of ground meatplaced inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Of course it is a meal where the patty is fried barbecued, or flame broiled.", "It is a good choice. It can also go with lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "The one that you said you like with cheese can also be called cheeseburger", "You do not get it. A hamburger topped with cheese is also called a cheeseburger." ]

[ "Hamburger", "Hamburger", "Hamburger", "Hamburger", "Hamburger" ]